1
|
Miao ZW, Wang N, Hu WJ, Zheng SL, Wang DS, Chang FQ, Wang Z, Tian JS, Dong XH, Wu T, Miao CY. Chronic vascular pathogenesis results in the reduced serum Metrnl levels in ischemic stroke patients. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:914-925. [PMID: 38253637 PMCID: PMC11053017 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metrnl is a secreted protein involved in neurite outgrowth, insulin sensitivity, immunoinflammatory responses, blood lipids and endothelial protection. In this study, we investigated the role of Metrnl in ischemic stroke. Fifty-eight ischemic stroke patients (28 inpatient patients within 2 weeks of onset and 30 emergency patients within 24 h of onset) and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum Metrnl was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We showed that serum Metrnl levels were significantly reduced in both inpatient and emergency patient groups compared with the controls. Different pathological causes for ischemic stroke such as large artery atherosclerosis and small artery occlusion exhibited similar reduced serum Metrnl levels. Transient ischemic attack caused by large artery atherosclerosis without brain infarction also had lower serum Metrnl levels. Metrnl was correlated with some metabolic, inflammatory and clotting parameters. Reduced serum Metrnl was associated with the severity of intracranial arterial stenosis and the presence of ischemic stroke. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the reduced serum Metrnl levels, we established animal models of ischemic stroke in normal mice, atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-knockout mice and Metrnl-knockout mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using intraluminal filament or electrocoagulation. We demonstrated that serum Metrnl levels were significantly lower in atherosclerosis mice than normal mice, whereas acute ischemic stroke injury in normal mice and atherosclerosis mice did not alter serum Metrnl levels. Metrnl knockout did not affect acute ischemic stroke injury and death. We conclude that reduced serum Metrnl levels are attributed to the chronic vascular pathogenesis before the onset of ischemic stroke. Metrnl is a potential target for prevention of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Wei Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- Department of Neuroloy and Neurovascular Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wen-Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Si-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neuroloy and Neurovascular Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karampatsi D, Zabala A, Wilhelmsson U, Dekens D, Vercalsteren E, Larsson M, Nyström T, Pekny M, Patrone C, Darsalia V. Diet-induced weight loss in obese/diabetic mice normalizes glucose metabolism and promotes functional recovery after stroke. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:240. [PMID: 34937562 PMCID: PMC8697500 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke functional recovery is severely impaired by type 2 diabetes (T2D). This is an important clinical problem since T2D is one of the most common diseases. Because weight loss-based strategies have been shown to decrease stroke risk in people with T2D, we aimed to investigate whether diet-induced weight loss can also improve post-stroke functional recovery and identify some of the underlying mechanisms. METHODS T2D/obesity was induced by 6 months of high-fat diet (HFD). Weight loss was achieved by a short- or long-term dietary change, replacing HFD with standard diet for 2 or 4 months, respectively. Stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and post-stroke recovery was assessed by sensorimotor tests. Mechanisms involved in neurovascular damage in the post-stroke recovery phase, i.e. neuroinflammation, impaired angiogenesis and cellular atrophy of GABAergic parvalbumin (PV)+ interneurons were assessed by immunohistochemistry/quantitative microscopy. RESULTS Both short- and long-term dietary change led to similar weight loss. However, only the latter enhanced functional recovery after stroke. This effect was associated with pre-stroke normalization of fasting glucose and insulin resistance, and with the reduction of T2D-induced cellular atrophy of PV+ interneurons. Moreover, stroke recovery was associated with decreased T2D-induced neuroinflammation and reduced astrocyte reactivity in the contralateral striatum. CONCLUSION The global diabetes epidemic will dramatically increase the number of people in need of post-stroke treatment and care. Our results suggest that diet-induced weight loss leading to pre-stroke normalization of glucose metabolism has great potential to reduce the sequelae of stroke in the diabetic population.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glycemic Control
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/blood
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/diet therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/diet therapy
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Recovery of Function
- Stroke/blood
- Stroke/diet therapy
- Stroke/pathology
- Stroke/physiopathology
- Time Factors
- Weight Loss
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Karampatsi
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Zabala
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Wilhelmsson
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Doortje Dekens
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen Vercalsteren
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Larsson
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cesare Patrone
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vladimer Darsalia
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang N, Liu Y, Jia C, Gao C, Zheng T, Wu M, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Li Z, Chen J, Wu C. Machine learning enables discovery of Gentianine targeting TLR4/NF-κB pathway to repair ischemic stroke injury. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105913. [PMID: 34563661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory response is believed to accelerate the development of stroke injury. Gentianine, an alkaloid isolated from Gentiana Scabra Bunge, shows effectiveness in anti-inflammation. In this study, the effect of Gentianine on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) induced mouse model in vivo and further related mechanism in LPS-injuried microglia BV-2 cells in vitro were explored. Effect of Gentianine on tMCAO mouse demonstrated that Gentianine significantly ameliorated tMCAO induced ischemic injury by decreasing brain infarct volume and increasing the neurological score and upper limb muscle strength. Meanwhile, Gentianine significantly decreased the release of serum inflammatory cytokines. Machine learning enables that Gentianine might had anti-ischemic stroke effect through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This was verified in vivo and in vitro. Gentianine significantly decrease the TLR4 and Iba-1 expression in vivo. These results also verified in BV-2 cells. Gentianine significantly decreased TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB expression, as well as NO production and inflammatory cytokines release. Gentianine co-treatment with TLR4 inhibitor, further decreased TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB expression, NO production, as well as the inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, Gentianine could be used as a potential anti-ischemic stroke agent by suppressing inflammatory responses via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study is expected to provide an integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine solution to find potential anti-ischemic stroke compounds based on machine learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwen Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Mingxuan Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangzhong Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye Z, Hu J, Xu H, Sun B, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Serum Exosomal microRNA-27-3p Aggravates Cerebral Injury and Inflammation in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction by Targeting PPARγ. Inflammation 2021; 44:1035-1048. [PMID: 33394189 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) possesses high mortality. Exosomes present in serum have potential application value in ACI diagnosis. This study investigated the mechanism of serum exosomes in ACI. Serum exosomes isolated from ACI patients and normal people were identified and then injected into the established middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model to evaluate cerebral injury and inflammation. Exosomal microRNA (miR)-27-3p expression was detected and interfered to analyze rat cerebral inflammation. The binding relationship between miR-27-3p and PPARγ was predicted and verified. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglia model was established and intervened with miR-27-3p to detect PPARγ, Iba-1, and inflammation-related factor expressions. After overexpressing PPARγ, rat cerebral inflammation was evaluated. The clinical significance of serum exosomal miR-27-3p in ACI was evaluated. Serum exosomes from ACI patients caused exacerbated MCAO rat cerebral injury and poor behavior recovery, as well as promoted cerebral inflammation. Serum exosomal miR-27-3p deepened rat brain inflammation. miR-27-3p targeted PPARγ to promote microglia activation and inflammation-related factor expressions in MCAO rats, and overexpressing PPARγ attenuated MCAO rat cerebral inflammation. Serum exosomal miR-27-3p promised to be a biomarker for ACI. We proved that serum exosomes from ACI patients aggravated ACI patient cerebral inflammation via the miR-27-3p/PPARγ axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Ye
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingchun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.289 Kuocang Road, Liandu District of Lishui City, Wenzhou, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shabanizadeh A, Rahmani MR, Yousefi-Ahmadipour A, Asadi F, Arababadi MK. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Potential Therapeutic Cell Therapy to Reduce Brain Stroke Side Effects. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105668. [PMID: 33631477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the gold standard treatment for ischemic stroke in the time window of 3-4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms. However, tPA administration is associated with inflammation and neurotoxic effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-based therapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy to control different inflammatory conditions. This project was designed to examine the protective role of MSC administration alone or in combination with royal jelly (RJ) five hours after stroke onset. The mice model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established and put to six groups, including intact (healthy mice without stroke), control (untreated stroke), treated with mouse MSC (mMSC), Sup (conditioned medium), RJ and combination of mMSC and RJ (mMSC/RJ). Thereafter, behavioral functions, serum and brain (in both infarcted and non-infarcted tissues) levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) the sizes of brain infarction have been determined in the groups. Administration of mMSC and mMSC/RJ significantly improved the behavioral functions when compared to the controls. mMSC, RJ and mMSC/RJ significantly decreased the infarcted volumes. RJ and mMSC/RJ, but not mMSC, significantly decreased the brain edema. The infarction increased the serum levels of the cytokines, except TNF-α, and treatment with mMSC, Sup and RJ reduced serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. mMSC reduced IL-1β in the non-infarcted brain tissue. To conclude, data revealed that using mMSC/RJ combination significantly reduced stroke side effects, including brain edema and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suggested that combination therapy of MSCs with RJ may be considered as an effective stroke therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim JH, Lim C, Cho S. Ischemic-time associated reductions in equol monosulfate plasma levels in a mouse model of ischemic stroke: support the existence of a 'brain-gut axis'. Neuroreport 2021; 32:458-464. [PMID: 33657076 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest is growing in the role played by intestinal flora in the pathogeneses of diseases and in the possibility of treating disease by altering intestinal flora compositions. Recent studies have focused on the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and brain function as proposed by the brain-gut axis hypothesis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relation between ischemic stroke and plasma equol monosulfate levels (a soy isoflavone metabolite) in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. METHODS Mice (C57BL/6) were subjected to MCAO for various times (30 min to 24 h), and degrees of cerebral damage were assessed using total infarction volumes, brain edema severities and neurological deficit scores. Hematoxylin and eosin and cresyl violet staining were used to observe morphological changes in ischemic brains. Levels of equol monosulfate in plasma and the relationships between these and degree of brain injury were investigated. RESULTS Infarction volumes, brain edema severity and neurological deficit scores were significantly correlated with ischemic time, and morphological deteriorations of brain neuronal cells also increased with ischemic duration. Equol monosulfate contents were ischemic-time dependently lower in MCAO treated animals than in sham-operated controls. CONCLUSION Ischemic stroke may time-dependently reduce plasma levels of equol monosulfate by lowering the metabolic rate of equol in MCAO-induced mice. This study provides indirect support of the brain-gut axis hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grissi M, Boudot C, Assem M, Candellier A, Lando M, Poirot-Leclercq S, Boullier A, Bennis Y, Lenglet G, Avondo C, Lalau JD, Choukroun G, Massy ZA, Kamel S, Chillon JM, Hénaut L. Metformin prevents stroke damage in non-diabetic female mice with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7464. [PMID: 33811249 PMCID: PMC8018962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) worsens ischemic stroke severity in both patients and animals. In mice, these poorer functional outcomes are associated with decreased brain activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a molecule that recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. The antidiabetic drug metformin, a well-known activator of AMPK, has improved stroke outcomes in diabetic patients with normal renal function. We investigated whether chronic metformin pre-conditioning can rescue AMPK activity and prevent stroke damage in non-diabetic mice with CKD. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to CKD or SHAM groups. CKD was induced through right kidney cortical electrocautery, followed by left total nephrectomy. Mice were then allocated to receive metformin (200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 5 weeks until stroke induction by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The infarct volumes were lower in CKD mice exposed to metformin than in vehicle-treated CKD mice 24 h after tMCAO. Metformin pre-conditioning of CKD mice improved their neurological score, grip strength, and prehensile abilities. It also enhanced AMPK activation, reduced apoptosis, increased neuron survival and decreased microglia/macrophage M1 signature gene expression as well as CKD-induced activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway in the ischemic lesions of CKD mice.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenylate Kinase/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Body Weight
- Brain Infarction/blood
- Brain Infarction/complications
- Brain Infarction/drug therapy
- Brain Infarction/genetics
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gliosis/blood
- Gliosis/complications
- Gliosis/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/blood
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/genetics
- Ischemic Preconditioning
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/pathology
- Metformin/blood
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Metformin/therapeutic use
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/pathology
- Models, Biological
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Stroke/drug therapy
- Stroke/genetics
- Stroke/prevention & control
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grissi
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Cédric Boudot
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Maryam Assem
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Division of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Alexandre Candellier
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Division of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Mathilde Lando
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Division of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Sabrina Poirot-Leclercq
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Youssef Bennis
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Gaëlle Lenglet
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Carine Avondo
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lalau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
- UMR_I 01, PériTox, CURS, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Gabriel Choukroun
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Division of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Department of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, 92104, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Inserm U1018-Team 5, CESP, UVSQ, University Paris Saclay, 94807, Villejuif, France
- University Versailles-Saint Quentin, University Paris-Saclay, 91190, Villejuif, France
| | - Saïd Kamel
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chillon
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Direction of Clinical Research, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Lucie Hénaut
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
RATIONALE Hemorrhagic complications represent a major limitation of intravenous thrombolysis using tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) in patients with ischemic stroke. The expression of tPA receptors on immune cells raises the question of what effects tPA exerts on these cells and whether these effects contribute to thrombolysis-related hemorrhagic transformation. OBJECTIVE We aim to determine the impact of tPA on immune cells and investigate the association between observed immune alteration with hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke patients and in a rat model of embolic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS Paired blood samples were collected before and 1 hour after tPA infusion from 71 patients with ischemic stroke. Control blood samples were collected from 27 ischemic stroke patients without tPA treatment. A rat embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion model was adopted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of hemorrhagic transformation. We report that tPA induces a swift surge of circulating neutrophils and T cells with profoundly altered molecular features in ischemic stroke patients and a rat model of focal embolic stroke. tPA exacerbates endothelial injury, increases adhesion and migration of neutrophils and T cells, which are associated with brain hemorrhage in rats subjected to embolic stroke. Genetic ablation of annexin A2 in neutrophils and T cells diminishes the effect of tPA on these cells. Decoupling the interaction between mobilized neutrophils/T cells and the neurovascular unit, achieved via a S1PR (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor) 1 modulator RP101075 and a CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) synthesis inhibitor bindarit, which block lymphocyte egress and myeloid cell recruitment, respectively, attenuates hemorrhagic transformation and improves neurological function after tPA thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that immune invasion of the neurovascular unit represents a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying tPA-mediated brain hemorrhage, which can be overcome by precise immune modulation during thrombolytic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jing-Jin Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (K.S., F.-D.S.)
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Dong-Mei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Samuel Shi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Arizona State University, Tempe (S.S.)
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.-f.D.)
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (K.N.S.)
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.W.)
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jing-Jin Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (K.S., F.-D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Augestad IL, Pintana H, Larsson M, Krizhanovskii C, Nyström T, Klein T, Darsalia V, Patrone C. Regulation of Glycemia in the Recovery Phase After Stroke Counteracts the Detrimental Effect of Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes on Neurological Recovery. Diabetes 2020; 69:1961-1973. [PMID: 32540876 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in poststroke recovery is unclear. Moreover, the impact of glucose control during the chronic phase after stroke is undetermined. We investigated whether obesity-induced T2D impairs neurological recovery after stroke by using a clinically relevant experimental design. We also investigated the potential efficacy of two clinically used T2D drugs: the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor linagliptin and the sulfonylurea glimepiride. We induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in T2D/obese mice (after 7 months of high-fat diet [HFD]) and age-matched controls. After stroke, we replaced HFD with standard diet for 8 weeks to mimic the poststroke clinical situation. Linagliptin or glimepiride were administered daily from 3 days after tMCAO for 8 weeks. We assessed neurological recovery weekly by upper-limb grip strength. Brain damage, neuroinflammation, stroke-induced neurogenesis, and atrophy of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons were quantified by immunohistochemistry. T2D/obesity impaired poststroke neurological recovery in association with hyperglycemia, neuroinflammation, and atrophy of PV+ interneurons. Both drugs counteracted these effects. In nondiabetic mice, only linagliptin accelerated recovery. These findings shed light on the interplay between obesity and T2D in stroke recovery. Moreover, they promote the use of rehabilitative strategies that are based on efficacious glycemia regulation, even if initiated days after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lovise Augestad
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Larsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Krizhanovskii
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research, Södertälje Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Klein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Vladimer Darsalia
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cesare Patrone
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fara MG, Stein LK, Skliut M, Morgello S, Fifi JT, Dhamoon MS. Macrothrombosis and stroke in patients with mild Covid-19 infection. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2031-2033. [PMID: 32464707 PMCID: PMC7283879 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Its neurological implications are poorly understood, and further study is urgently required. A hypercoagulable state has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19, but nothing is known about coagulopathy in patients with milder disease. We describe cases of patients in New York City presenting with stroke secondary to large vessel thrombosis without occlusion, incidentally found to have COVID-19 with only mild respiratory symptoms. This is in contrast to the venous thrombosis and microangiopathy that has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19. Our cases suggest that even in the absence of severe disease, patients with COVID-19 may be at increased risk of thrombus formation leading to stroke, perhaps resulting from viral involvement of the endothelium. Further systematic study is needed because this may have implications for primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Fara
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura K Stein
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maryna Skliut
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johanna T Fifi
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandip S Dhamoon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Xue Q, Li A, Li K, Qin X. Mechanisms exploration of herbal pair of HuangQi-DanShen on cerebral ischemia based on metabonomics and network pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 253:112688. [PMID: 32101772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herbal pair of HuangQi-DanShen (HD) is frequently used for treating brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia (CI) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). AIM OF THE STUDY The present work was designed to reveal the active mechanism of HD against CI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our work, an integrated approach combined 1H-NMR based metabonomics and network pharmacology was applied to decipher the protection of HD against MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion)-induced CI rats. Meanwhile, the indicator of neurological deficit and TTC staining were used to estimate the efficacy of HD. RESULTS The results of neurological deficit test and TTC staining suggested HD could improve the brain injury in CI rats. The metabonomic result indicated that HD could significantly ameliorate 8 serum metabolites in CI rats, which were linked 71 corresponding targeted proteins obtained by Metscape. In addition, 84 targets related HD against CI were obtained by network pharmacology. At last, 5 important targets were screened as hopeful targets for the treatment of CI through integrating them. CONCLUSION The integrated method coupled 1H-NMR based metabonomics with network pharmacology provided the insights into the mechanisms of TCM in treating CI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YueTao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - QianQian Xue
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - AiPing Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - XueMei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chan SJ, Ng MPE, Zhao H, Ng GJL, De Foo C, Wong PTH, Seet RCS. Early and Sustained Increases in Leukotriene B 4 Levels Are Associated with Poor Clinical Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:282-293. [PMID: 31520306 PMCID: PMC7007445 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has been implicated in ischemic stroke pathology. We examined the prognostic significance of LTB4 levels in patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction and their mechanisms in rat stroke models. In ischemic stroke patients with middle cerebral artery infarction, plasma LTB4 levels were found to increase rapidly, roughly doubling within 24 h when compared to initial post-stroke levels. Further analyses indicate that poor functional recovery is associated with early and more sustained increase in LTB4 rather than the peak levels. Results from studies using a rat embolic stroke model showed increased 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) expression in the ipsilateral infarcted cortex compared with sham control or respective contralateral regions at 24 h post-stroke with a concomitant increase in LTB4 levels. In addition, neutrophil influx was also observed in the infarcted cortex. Double immunostaining indicated that neutrophils express 5-LOX and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), highlighting the pivotal contributions of neutrophils as a source of LTB4. Importantly, rise in plasma LTB4 levels corresponded with an increase in LTB4 amount in the infarcted cortex, thereby supporting the use of plasma as a surrogate for brain LTB4 levels. Pre-stroke LTB4 loading increased brain infarct volume in tMCAO rats. Conversely, administration of the 5-LOX-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor BAY-X1005 or B-leukotriene receptor (BLTR) antagonist LY255283 decreased the infarct volume by a similar extent. To conclude, targeted interruption of the LTB4 pathway might be a viable treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jing Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Mary P E Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Geelyn J L Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chuan De Foo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Peter T-H Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Raymond C S Seet
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kamarudin SN, Iezhitsa I, Tripathy M, Alyautdin R, Ismail NM. Neuroprotective effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle-bound brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemia in rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020; 80:1-18. [PMID: 32214270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly (lactide‑co‑glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are biodegradable carriers that participate in the transport of neuroprotective drugs across the blood brain barrier (BBB). Targeted brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) delivery across the BBB could provide neuroprotection in brain injury. We tested the neuroprotective effect of PLGA nanoparticle‑bound BDNF in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model of ischemia in rats. Sprague‑Dawley rats were subjected to pMCAO. Four hours after pMCAO, two groups were intravenously treated with BDNF and NP‑BDNF, respectively. Functional outcome was assessed at 2 and 24 h after pMCAO, using the modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) and rotarod performance tests. Following functional assessments, rats were euthanized blood was taken to assess levels of the neurobiomarkers neuron‑specific enolase and S100 calcium‑binding protein β (S100β), and the brain was evaluated to measure the infarct volume. The NP‑BDNF‑treated group showed significant improvement in mNSS compared with pMCAO and BDNF‑treated groups and showed improved rotarod performance. The infarct volume in rats treated with NP‑BDNFs was also significantly smaller. These results were further corroborated by correlating differences in estimated NSE and S100β. NP‑BDNFs exhibit a significant neuroprotective effect in the pMCAO model of ischemia in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norsyafika Kamarudin
- Centre for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- Centre for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I‑PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Innovative Medicines, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Minaketan Tripathy
- Centre for Molecular Pharmaceutics and Advanced Therapeutics, Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU), B G Nagar, Karnattaka, India
| | - Renad Alyautdin
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, IMU Clinical School, Seremban, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bilgic AB, Gocmen R, Arsava EM, Topcuoglu MA. The Effect of Clot Volume and Permeability on Response to Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 29:104541. [PMID: 31810719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The characteristics of clot causing acute ischemic stroke, such as size, content, and location, are among the main determinants of response to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator [IV tPA]. Clot heterogeneity and permeability are under-recognized features that might provide additional information in predicting the efficacy of IV tPA. METHODS AND PATIENTS Patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion treated with "IV tPA alone" were included. The mean Hounsfield's unit (HU) value, as objective measure of clot attenuation, and its standard deviation (SD), as proposed measure of clot heterogeneity, were obtained. The difference in HU values between CT Angiography and CT was defined as "clot permeability", or "perviousness'. The size (length and volume-mm3) of pre-clot pouch and occluding clot along with ASPECT score and Maas' silvian and leptomeningeal collateral score were measured. RESULTS The study included 84 cases (44 women, age: 68 ± 14 years, pretPA NIHSS: 16 ± 5). Patients with excellent response to tPA (31%) had lower thrombus volume (37.54 ± 32.37 versus 63.49 ± 37.36, P = .009) and heterogeneity (4.05 ± 1.49 versus 5.35 ± 2.34, P = .011), along with higher clot permeability (48 ± 35.48 to 31.32 ± 18.62, P = .006). However, significance of permeability did not survived in the regression analysis with adjustment for NIHSS (β:-.296, P = .003); clot volume (β:-.240, P = .014) and collateral status (β:.346, P < .001). In patients with good prognosis, clot volume was significantly lower (37.76 ± 30.08 versus 67.57 ± 37.83, P < .001), whereas permeability was significantly higher (43.97 ± 32.33 versus 31.13 ± 19.01, P = .026). However, this effect did not persist in the regression analysis after adjustment for NIHSS (β:-.399, P < .001), collateral status (β: .343, P < .001) and clot volume (β:-.297, P = .001). Clot permeability was significantly higher (45.78 ± 36.34 versus 33 ± 20.2, P = .045) and heterogeneity was lower (4.1 ± 1.55 to 5.27 ± 2.32, P = .028) in patients with dramatic response to tPA (27%). In patients responding positively to IV tPA (48%), clot permeability was numerically higher (39.85 ± 31.79 to 33.47 ± 19.28, P = .268), while clot volume (48.15 ± 34.5 to 62.07 ± 39.62, P = .093) was lower. Clot volume, permeability and heterogeneity did not show a significant difference in any (38.1%) or symptomatic (8.3%) bleeders after IV tPA. The chance of IV tPA to be beneficial increased in patients with clot volume lower than 45 mm3, with an increased likelihood of this benefit to be observed within the first day after IV tPA. Our detailed explorative ROC analysis was not able to detect a volume threshold above which the positive effect of IV tPA disappeared. CONCLUSION Clot volume is critical for the effectiveness of IV tPA in acute ischemic stroke. Clot permeability and heterogeneity may modify its effect. CT technologies, which are readily available when evaluating a stroke patient in an emergency setting, provide us with useful parameters regarding the size, permeability and heterogeneity of the clot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Burak Bilgic
- Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Giresun
| | - Rahsan Gocmen
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara
| | - Ethem Murat Arsava
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ankara
| | - Mehmet Akif Topcuoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit, Ankara.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jackson L, Li W, Abdul Y, Dong G, Baban B, Ergul A. Diabetic Stroke Promotes a Sexually Dimorphic Expansion of T Cells. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:445-453. [PMID: 31197651 PMCID: PMC6884673 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that diabetes negates the cerebrovascular protection typically seen in adult female rats resulting in cognitive impairment, which is worsened by increased parenchymal bleeding and edema after ischemic stroke. Although women experience more severe diabetes and suffer from a higher rate of diabetic complications, including stroke and cognitive impairment, underlying mechanisms contributing to sex differences are limited. Emerging evidence suggests interleukin (IL)-17 contributes to cerebrovascular pathologies: (1) high salt diet-mediated expansion of IL-17-producing T cells (Th17) in the gut microbiome promotes cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment in male mice, (2) increased IL-17-producing γδTCR cells exacerbates stroke injury in male mice, and (3) IL-17 promotes rupture of cerebral aneurysms in female mice. Based on these premises, we investigated the potential involvement of IL-17-producing inflammatory cells in cerebrovascular dysfunction and post-stroke vascular injury in diabetes by measuring intestinal, circulating, or cerebral T cell profiles as well as in plasma IL-17 in both sexes. Cell suspensions prepared from naive or stroked (3 days after stroke) diabetic and control rats were analyzed by flow cytometry, and IL-17 levels were measured in plasma using ELISA. Diabetes deferentially promoted the expansion of cerebral Th17 cells in females. In response to stroke, diabetes had a sexually dimorphic effect on the expansion of numerous T cell profiles. These results suggest that a better understanding of the role of IL-17-producing cells in diabetes may identify potential avenues in which the molecular mechanisms contributing to these sex differences can be further elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ladonya Jackson
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave. MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Ralph Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yasir Abdul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave. MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Ralph Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Guangkuo Dong
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave. MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Ralph Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Asadollahi M, Nikdokht P, Hatef B, Sadr SS, Sahraei H, Assarzadegan F, Pirzad Jahromi G. Protective properties of the aqueous extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in ischemic stroke, randomized clinical trial. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 238:111833. [PMID: 30914350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crocus sativus L. has been used throughout the world in traditional medicine as a treatment for neurological disorders such as depression. Growing attention is currently being paid to the use of neuroprotective agents in ischemic strokes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study assed the effect of saffron as a neuroprotective natural product in cerebral ischemia in human. STUDY DESIGN Patients with acute ischemic stroke were randomly allocated to receive either routine stroke care (control group, n = 20) or routine care plus aqueous extract of saffron capsule (200 mg/day) (saffron-treated group, n = 19). Both groups were monitored during their four-day hospital stay and the three-month follow-up period. The groups were compared in terms of short- and long-term effects of saffron capsules using the National Institute of Health Stoke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Scale, and serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100 levels. RESULTS Based on the NIHSS, the severity of stroke during the first four days was significantly lower in the saffron-treated group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the levels on the first day, serum NSE and s100 levels were significantly decreased and BDNF concentration was increased in the saffron-treated group on the fourth day. Also, our results showed there was a negative significant non-linear cubic regression between BDNF concentration and score of NIHSS. At the end of the three-month follow-up period, the mean Barthel index was significantly higher in the saffron-treated group than in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study confirmed the short and long-term neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of saffron on ischemic stroke in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Asadollahi
- Neurology, Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Nikdokht
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Boshra Hatef
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Shahabeddin Sadr
- Neurology, Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hedayat Sahraei
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhad Assarzadegan
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gila Pirzad Jahromi
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang H, Zhang Q, Liao Z. Microarray Data Analysis of Molecular Mechanism Associated with Stroke Progression. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:424-433. [PMID: 30610589 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of stroke and provide a new target in the clinical management. The miRNA dataset GSE97532 (3 blood samples from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 3 from sham operation) and mRNA dataset GSE97533 (3 blood samples from MCAO and 3 from sham operation) were obtained from GEO database. Differentially expressed mRNA (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMIRs) were screened out between MCAO and sham operation groups. Then, DEMIR-DEG interactions were explored and visualized using Cytoscape software. Moreover, the enrichment analysis was performed on these DEMIRs and DEGs. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Finally, the DEG-target transcription factors (TFs) were investigated using the WebGestal software. The current bioinformatics analysis revealed 38 DEMIRs and 546 DEGs between MCAO and sham operation groups. The DEMIR-DEG analysis revealed 370 relations, such as miR-107-5p-Furin. The top 10 up- and downregulated DEMIRs were mainly enriched in pathways like cAMP signaling pathway. The PPI network analysis revealed 2 modules. The target DEGs of the 10 up- and downregulated DEMIRs in 2 modules were mainly assembled in functions like ATP binding and pathway including ABC transporters. Furthermore, the DEG-TF network analysis identified 5 outstanding TFs including androgen receptor (AR). miR107-5p might take part in the progression of stroke via inhibiting the expression of Furin. TFs like AR might be used as a novel gene therapy target for stroke. Furthermore, cAMP signaling pathway and ATP binding function might be a novel breakthrough for stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, No. 50 Shifan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, 250031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiying Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Jinan, No. 148 Jingyi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zuning Liao
- Department of Neurology, Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, No. 50 Shifan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, 250031, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Suzuki E, Nishimura N, Yoshikawa T, Kunikiyo Y, Hasegawa K, Hasumi K. Efficacy of SMTP-7, a small-molecule anti-inflammatory thrombolytic, in embolic stroke in monkeys. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00448. [PMID: 30546909 PMCID: PMC6282002 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SMTP-7 (Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7) is a small molecule that promotes thrombolysis and suppresses inflammation possibly through plasminogen modulation and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition, respectively. Here, we demonstrate an efficacy of SMTP-7 in a severe embolic stroke model in monkeys. The middle cerebral artery was embolized by an autologous blood clot. Saline, SMTP-7, or tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) (n = 5 in each group) was given after 3 hours, and neurologic deficit scoring and infarct characterization were performed after 24 hours. Hemorrhagic infarct-accompanied premature death was observed for two animals in t-PA group. SMTP-7 treatment significantly reduced the sizes of infarct by 65%, edema by 37%, and clot by 55% compared to saline treatment. Plasma levels of the products of plasminogen activation (plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex) and sEH reaction (dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid) in SMTP-7 group were 794% (P < 0.05) and 60% (P = 0.085) compared to saline group, respectively. No significant changes in the plasma levels of MMP-9, CRP, MCP-1, and S100B were found. There was an inverse correlation between plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex level and infarct volume (r = 0.93, P < 0.05), suggesting a role of thrombolysis in the SMTP-7 action to limit infarct development. In conclusion, SMTP-7 is effective in treating severe embolic stroke in monkeys under conditions where t-PA treatment tends to cause hemorrhagic infarct-associated premature death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo Noko University (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)TokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Yudai Kunikiyo
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo Noko University (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)TokyoJapan
| | - Keiko Hasegawa
- Division of Research and DevelopmentTMS Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo Noko University (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)TokyoJapan
- Division of Research and DevelopmentTMS Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dagonnier M, Wilson WJ, Favaloro JM, Rewell SSJ, Lockett LJ, Sastra SA, Jeffreys AL, Dewey HM, Donnan GA, Howells DW. Hyperacute changes in blood mRNA expression profiles of rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion: Towards a stroke time signature. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206321. [PMID: 30439964 PMCID: PMC6237327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke evolution is a highly dynamic but variable disease which makes clinical decision making difficult. Biomarker discovery programs intended to aid clinical decision making have however largely ignored the rapidity of stroke evolution. We have used gene array technology to determine blood mRNA expression changes over the first day after stroke in rats. Blood samples were collected from 8 male spontaneously hypertensive rats at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24h post stroke induction by middle cerebral artery occlusion. RNA was extracted from whole blood stabilized in PAXgene tubes and mRNA expression was detected by oligonucleotide Affymetrix microarray. Using a pairwise comparison model, 1932 genes were identified to vary significantly over time (p≤0.5x10-7) within 24h after stroke. Some of the top20 most changed genes are already known to be relevant to the ischemic stroke physiopathology (e.g. Il-1R, Nos2, Prok2). Cluster analysis showed multiple stereotyped and time dependent profiles of gene expression. Direction and rate of change of expression for some profiles varied dramatically during these 24h. Profiles with potential clinical utility including hyper acute or acute transient upregulation (with expression peaking from 2 to 6h after stroke and normalisation by 24h) were identified. We found that blood gene expression varies rapidly and stereotypically after stroke in rats. Previous researchers have often missed the optimum time for biomarker measurement. Temporally overlapping profiles have the potential to provide a biological “stroke clock” able to tell the clinician how far an individual stroke has evolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dagonnier
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - William John Wilson
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny Margaret Favaloro
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Sarah Susan Jane Rewell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Linda Jane Lockett
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Andrew Sastra
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Amy Lucienne Jeffreys
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Helen Margaret Dewey
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Alan Donnan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - David William Howells
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martha SR, Collier LA, Davis SM, Seifert HA, Leonardo CC, Ajmo CT, Foran EA, Fraser JF, Pennypacker KR. Translational Evaluation of Acid/Base and Electrolyte Alterations in Rodent Model of Focal Ischemia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2746-2754. [PMID: 30068479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acid/base and electrolytes could provide clinically valuable information about cerebral infarct core and penumbra. We evaluated associations between acid/base and electrolyte changes and outcomes in 2 rat models of stroke, permanent, and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. METHODS Three-month old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Pre- and post-middle cerebral artery occlusion venous samples for permanent and transient models provided pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, and electrolyte values of ionized calcium, potassium, and sodium. Multiple regression determined predictors of infarct volume from these values, and Kaplan-Meier curve analyzed morality between permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion models. RESULTS Analysis indicated significant differences in the blood gas and electrolytes between pre- to post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. A decrease in pH and sodium with increases in carbon dioxide, potassium, ionized calcium, and glucose changes were found in both middle cerebral artery occlusion models; while hematocrit and hemoglobin were significant in the transient model. pH and ionized calcium were predictors of infarct volume in the permanent model, as changes in pH and ionized calcium decreased, infarct volume increased. CONCLUSIONS There are acute changes in acid/base balance and electrolytes during stroke in transient and permanent rodent models. Additionally, we found pH and ionized calcium changes predicted stroke volume in the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These preliminary findings are novel, and warrant further exploration in human conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Martha
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
| | - Lisa A Collier
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Stephanie M Davis
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hilary A Seifert
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christopher C Leonardo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of Southern Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Craig T Ajmo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of Southern Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Elspeth A Foran
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of Southern Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Justin F Fraser
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Keith R Pennypacker
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Song C, Zhao X. Uric acid promotes oxidative stress and enhances vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20170939. [PMID: 29097484 PMCID: PMC6048215 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with cerebral infarction (CI), elevated serum uric acid (UA) level may exacerbate the occurrence and development of carotid atherosclerosis (AS). Our study intended to explore the underlying mechanism. We enrolled 86 patients with CI, and divided them into four groups: Non-AS, AS-mild, AS-moderate, and AS-severe groups; the levels of UA and oxidative stress-related factors in serum were detected. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to stimulate CI in rats, and different doses of UA were administrated. The levels of oxidative stress-related factors in serum were detected. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the morphological alterations, and the apoptotic cell death detection kit was used to detect apoptotic cells. Increased UA concentration and enhanced oxidative stress were found in AS patients. H&E staining results showed that UA treatment exacerbated morphological damage in rats with MCAO, promoted oxidative stress, and enhanced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in rats with MCAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Song
- Department of Geratology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- Department of Geratology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu B, Cao H, Sun L, Li B, Guo L, Duan J, Zhu H, Zhang Q. Metabolomics-based mechanisms exploration of Huang-Lian Jie-Du decoction on cerebral ischemia via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis on rat serum. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 216:147-156. [PMID: 29360497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian Jie-Du decoction (HLJDD), a traditional formula of Chinese medicine constituted with Rhizoma Coptidis, RadixScutellariae, CortexPhellodendri amurensis and Fructus Gardeniae, exhibits unambiguous therapeutic effect on cerebral ischemia via multi-targets action. Further investigation, however, is still required to explore the relationship between those mechanisms and targets through system approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats of cerebral ischemia were completed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with reperfusion. Following evaluation of pharmacological actions of HLJDD on MCAO rats, the plasma samples from rats of control, MCAO and HLJDD-treated MCAO groups were prepared strictly and subjected to ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry for metabolites analysis. The raw mass data were imported to MassLynx software for peak detection and alignment, and further introduced to EZinfo 2.0 software for orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis, principal component analysis and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis. The metabolic pathways assay of those potential biomarkers were performed with MetaboAnalyst through the online database, HMDB, Metlin, KEGG and SMPD. Those intriguing metabolic pathways were further investigated via biochemical assay. RESULTS HLJDD ameliorated the MCAO-induce cerebral damage and blocked the severe inflammation response. There were nineteen different biomarkers identified among control, MCAO and HLJDD-treated MCAO groups. Ten metabolic pathways were proposed from these significant metabolites. Incorporation with the biochemical assay of cerebral tissue, modulation of metabolic stress, regulation glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle and enhancement of cholinergic neurons function were explored that involved in the actions of HLJDD on cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSION HLJDD achieves therapeutic action on cerebral ischemia via coordinating the basic pathophysiological network of metabolic stress, glutamate metabolism, and acetylcholine levels and function.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/metabolism
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Biomarkers/blood
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/blood
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/psychology
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Least-Squares Analysis
- Male
- Metabolomics/methods
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Principal Component Analysis
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Huiting Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Limin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liwei Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Q, Zhang J, Yan Y, Zhang P, Zhang W, Xia R. Proinflammatory cytokines correlate with early exercise attenuating anxiety-like behavior after cerebral ischemia. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00854. [PMID: 29201553 PMCID: PMC5698870 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Stroke may cause neuropsychiatric problems, which have negative effects on cognitive functions and behavior. Exercise plays an important role in reducing the occurrence and development of stroke, the concrete mechanism is not fully clarified. In this study, we attempted to determine whether early treadmill exercise attenuates anxiety-like behavior by regulation of inflammation after brain ischemia. Method We subjected adult male rats to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min and trained rats started to run on a treadmill from postoperative day 1 to day 14. The effects of treadmill on cognitive functions, anxiety-like behavior, and immune activation were analyzed by Morris water maze test, open field test, elevated plus maze test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Early treadmill exercise significantly improved cognitive function, alleviated anxiety-like behavior in ischemic rats model; this improvement was associated with significantly decreased activation of astrocytes and microglia cells and proinflammatory markers (platelet-activating factor [PAF], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]). Conclusion Our results indicated that early treadmill exercise attenuated anxiety-like behavior by decreasing inflammation response, exercise conferred a great benefit of attenuating anxiety-like behavior via anti-inflammatory treatment may prove to be a novel neuroprotective strategy for stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Blood TransfusionHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- Department of Blood TransfusionHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuzhong Yan
- Department of Blood TransfusionHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Medical FacultyKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical ImagingRenji HospitalMedical School of Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rong Xia
- Department of Blood TransfusionHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu W, Asakawa T, Yang Q, Zhao J, Lu L, Luo Y, Gong P, Han S, Li W, Namba H, Wang L. Effects of neuroserpin on clinical outcomes and inflammatory markers in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2017; 39:862-868. [PMID: 28738762 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1357780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroserpin (NSP) is known for its neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NSP level and clinical outcomes and inflammatory markers in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 133 patients with acute cerebral infarction (ischemia group) and 44 controls were recruited. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to determine the functional outcome three months after onset. We investigated the relationship between serum NSP levels [on admission and a decrease in NSP levels (10 days after admission versus on admission)] and serum levels of several inflammatory markers. RESULTS We confirmed that NSP levels on admission in the ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the control group. NSP levels in patients with good outcomes were significantly higher than those in patients with poor outcomes. NSP levels on admission were associated with having a good outcome in these patients. We found that a larger decrease in NSP levels (on admission vs. 10 days after admission) was correlated with lower serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and ICAM-1 10 days after admission. CONCLUSIONS A larger decrease in NSP levels related to lower levels of inflammatory marker, while higher NSP levels were associated with lower inflammatory markers and better functional outcomes. Decreasing the infarct size may play a role in this process. These results provide more evidence of the neuroprotective effect of NSP in cerebral ischemic patients. Decrease in the Serum NSP level and NSP level at admission may be considered as potential predictive factors for outcome of acute ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Wu
- a Department of Neurology , Huashan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Neurology , Qingpu Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- c Department of Neurosurgery , Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu , Japan
- d Department of Psychiatry , Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu , Japan
| | - Qianghong Yang
- b Department of Neurology , Qingpu Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- b Department of Neurology , Qingpu Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Lu
- b Department of Neurology , Qingpu Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Luo
- a Department of Neurology , Huashan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- a Department of Neurology , Huashan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Han
- a Department of Neurology , Huashan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- a Department of Neurology , Huashan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
- e Huashan Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Hiroki Namba
- c Department of Neurosurgery , Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu , Japan
| | - Liang Wang
- a Department of Neurology , Huashan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
- f Institute of Neurology , Huashan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou J, Li J, Rosenbaum DM, Zhuang J, Poon C, Qin P, Rivera K, Lepore J, Willette RN, Hu E, Barone FC. The prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor GSK360A decreases post-stroke brain injury and sensory, motor, and cognitive behavioral deficits. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184049. [PMID: 28880966 PMCID: PMC5589177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is interest in pharmacologic preconditioning for end-organ protection by targeting the HIF system. This can be accomplished by inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (PHD). GSK360A is an orally active PHD inhibitor that has been previously shown to protect the failing heart. We hypothesized that PHD inhibition can also protect the brain from injuries and resulting behavioral deficits that can occur as a result of surgery. Thus, our goal was to investigate the effect of pre-stroke surgery brain protection using a verified GSK360A PHD inhibition paradigm on post-stroke surgery outcomes. Vehicle or an established protective dose (30 mg/kg, p.o.) of GSK360A was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Initially, GSK360A pharmacokinetics and organ distribution were determined, and then PHD-HIF pharmacodynamic markers were measured (i.e., to validate the pharmacological effects of the GSK360A administration regimen). Results obtained using this validated PHD dose-regimen indicated significant improvement by GSK360A (30mg/kg); administered at 18 and 5 hours prior to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (stroke). GSK360A exposure and plasma, kidney and brain HIF-PHD pharmacodynamics endpoints (e.g., erythropoietin; EPO and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; VEGF) were measured. GSK360A provided rapid exposure in plasma (7734 ng/ml), kidney (45–52% of plasma level) and brain (1–4% of plasma level), and increased kidney EPO mRNA (80-fold) and brain VEGF mRNA (2-fold). We also observed that GSK360A increased plasma EPO (300-fold) and VEGF (2-fold). Further assessments indicated that GSK360A reduced post-stroke surgery neurological deficits (47–64%), cognitive dysfunction (60–75%) and brain infarction (30%) 4 weeks later. Thus, PHD inhibition using GSK360A pretreatment produced long-term post-stroke brain protection and improved behavioral functioning. These data support PHD inhibition, specifically by GSK360A, as a potential strategy for pre-surgical use to reduce brain injury and functional decline due to surgery-related cerebral injury.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Brain Injuries/blood
- Brain Injuries/drug therapy
- Brain Injuries/etiology
- Brain Injuries/physiopathology
- Cognition Disorders/drug therapy
- Cognition Disorders/etiology
- Erythropoietin/blood
- Erythropoietin/genetics
- Glycine/administration & dosage
- Glycine/analogs & derivatives
- Glycine/pharmacokinetics
- Glycine/pharmacology
- Glycine/therapeutic use
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/blood
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Male
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Organ Specificity/drug effects
- Prolyl Hydroxylases/metabolism
- Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Quinolones/administration & dosage
- Quinolones/pharmacokinetics
- Quinolones/pharmacology
- Quinolones/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sensation/drug effects
- Stroke/blood
- Stroke/complications
- Stroke/physiopathology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Rosenbaum
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Robert F. Furchgott Foundation, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Carrie Poon
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Pu Qin
- Cardiac Biology, Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katrina Rivera
- Cardiac Biology, Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John Lepore
- Cardiac Biology, Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert N. Willette
- Cardiac Biology, Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erding Hu
- Cardiac Biology, Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frank C. Barone
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Robert F. Furchgott Foundation, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu J, Li YH, Zhan X, Li G, Chen Z, Chen X. The protective effect of qiancao naomaitong mixture on neuronal damage and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:2304-2311. [PMID: 26987389 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1155627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Qiancao Naomaitong Mixture (QNM) is mainly used to treat ischemic stroke patients in the clinic. Objective This study evaluates the protective effect of QNM on neuronal damage in vitro, and clarifies the underlying mechanism against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. Materials and methods Activity assay of caspase 3 (C-3) and caspase 8 (C-8) were measured with microplate reader and cell apoptosis was investigated. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by MCAO model. QNM groups were given at 0.27, 0.54 and 1.08 mL/100 g body weight. The weight ratio of cerebral infarction tissue was obtained. The cytokine levels in serum and brain tissue were measured using ELISA. Results Compared with the OGD group (C-3: 29.69 ± 5.63, C-8: 74.05 ± 6.86), 100 mg/mL QNM (C-3: 19.80 ± 2.62, C-8: 48.94 ± 6.41) and 200 mg/mL QNM (C-3: 16.28 ± 4.55, C-8: 41.08 ± 4.05) treatments decreased C-3 and C-8 activities significantly, and inhibited apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. The weight ratios of cerebral tissues in low, medium and high dose groups were 17.33 ± 5.1%, 17.78 ± 5.4% and 14.25 ± 4.2%, respectively, significantly lower than in control group. QNM also improved the cytokine levels in serum and brain tissue. In addition, histological examination indicated that dense neuropil and largely surviving neurons were seen in treated rats. Conclusion QNM exerted protective effect by inhibiting the cell apoptosis in vitro. The protective mechanisms of QNM were associated with its properties of anti-apoptosis and antioxidation as well as improved neuronal nutrition in I/R rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| | - Yi-Hang Li
- b Yunnan Branch , Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Jinghong , PR China
| | - Xia Zhan
- c School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Guang Li
- b Yunnan Branch , Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Jinghong , PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu DZ, Jickling GC, Ander BP, Hull H, Zhan X, Cox C, Shroff N, Dykstra-Aiello C, Stamova B, Sharp FR. Elevating microRNA-122 in blood improves outcomes after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1374-83. [PMID: 26661204 PMCID: PMC4976655 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15610786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because our recent studies have demonstrated that miR-122 decreased in whole blood of patients and in whole blood of rats following ischemic stroke, we tested whether elevating blood miR-122 would improve stroke outcomes in rats. Young adult rats were subjected to a temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham operation. A polyethylene glycol-liposome-based transfection system was used to administer a miR-122 mimic after MCAO. Neurological deficits, brain infarction, brain vessel integrity, adhesion molecule expression and expression of miR-122 target and indirect-target genes were examined in blood at 24 h after MCAO with or without miR-122 treatment. miR-122 decreased in blood after MCAO, whereas miR-122 mimic elevated miR-122 in blood 24 h after MCAO. Intravenous but not intracerebroventricular injection of miR-122 mimic decreased neurological deficits and brain infarction, attenuated ICAM-1 expression, and maintained vessel integrity after MCAO. The miR-122 mimic also down-regulated direct target genes (e.g. Vcam1, Nos2, Pla2g2a) and indirect target genes (e.g. Alox5, Itga2b, Timp3, Il1b, Il2, Mmp8) in blood after MCAO which are predicted to affect cell adhesion, diapedesis, leukocyte extravasation, eicosanoid and atherosclerosis signaling. The data show that elevating miR-122 improves stroke outcomes and we postulate this occurs via downregulating miR-122 target genes in blood leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Cox
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Shroff
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lorente L, Martín MM, Almeida T, Pérez-Cejas A, Ramos L, Argueso M, Riaño-Ruiz M, Solé-Violán J, Hernández M. Serum Levels of Substance P and Mortality in Patients with a Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060991. [PMID: 27338372 PMCID: PMC4926519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP), a member of tachykinin family, is involved in the inflammation of the central nervous system and in the appearance of cerebral edema. Higher serum levels of SP have been found in 18 patients with cerebral ischemia compared with healthy controls. The aim of our multi-center study was to analyze the possible association between serum levels of SP and mortality in ischemic stroke patients. We included patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) lower than 9. Non-surviving patients at 30 days (n = 31) had higher serum concentrations of SP levels at diagnosis of severe MMCAI than survivors (n = 30) (p < 0.001). We found in multiple regression an association between serum concentrations of SP higher than 362 pg/mL and mortality at 30 days (Odds Ratio = 5.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.541–18.470; p = 0.008) after controlling for age and GCS. Thus, the major novel finding of our study was the association between serum levels of SP and mortality in patients suffering from severe acute ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n. La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Spain.
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Crta Rosario s/n, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain.
| | - Teresa Almeida
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Anchieta, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife 38071, Spain.
| | - Antonia Pérez-Cejas
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n. La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Spain.
| | - Luis Ramos
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General La Palma, Buenavista de Arriba s/n, Breña Alta, La Palma 38713, Spain.
| | - Mónica Argueso
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez nº17-19, Valencia 46004, Spain.
| | - Marta Riaño-Ruiz
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain.
| | - Jordi Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, CIBERES. Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain.
| | - Mariano Hernández
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Anchieta, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife 38071, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu M, Liu X, Wang H, Xiao H, Jing F, Tang L, Li D, Zhang Y, Wu H, Yang H. Metabolomics study on the effects of Buchang Naoxintong capsules for treating cerebral ischemia in rats using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 180:1-11. [PMID: 26806568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Buchang Naoxintong Capsules (BNC) are widely prescribed in Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms are not yet well understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a UPLC/TOF-MS-based metabolomic study was conducted to explore potential biomarkers that will increase our understanding of cerebral ischemia and to assess the integral efficacy of BNC in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Plasma metabolic profiles were analyzed and metabolic biomarkers were identified through multivariate data analysis. RESULTS Clear separations were observed between the sham, MCAO and BNC-treated groups. We identified 28 biomarkers in the MCAO rats using variable importance for the projections (VIP) values (VIP>1) and a t-test (P<0.05). The identified biomarkers were mainly related to disturbances in monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and lipid metabolism. Moreover, a correlation network diagram of the plasma biomarkers perturbed by MCAO was constructed. Some biomarkers, such as glutamine, PE (17:0), LysoPE (20:1), LysoPE (24:0), and the ratios of LysoPE (24:1) to LysoPE (24:0), LysoPE (24:2) to LysoPE (24:0), showed obvious changes and a tendency for returning to baseline values in BNC-treated MCAO rats. In addition, MCAO rats receiving BNC treatment had improved neurological deficits and reduced cerebral infarct size demonstrating the therapeutic potential of BNC for treating cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSION This study provides a useful approach for exploring the mechanism of MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia and evaluating the efficacy of BNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hongping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Fang Jing
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Liying Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dong Nei Nan Xiao Jie 16, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang X, Li H, Li Y, Ma Y, Luo Y, Ji W, Zhou X, Li Y. [Increased circulating Ly6Chigh monocyte subsets are correlated with cerebral infarct size in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mouse models]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 32:294-298. [PMID: 26927544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the dynamic changes of monocyte subsets after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice and their correlations with infarct size and neurological defects. METHODS Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) group and Sham group. MCAO/R mouse models were induced via the intraluminal suture technique (so called filament or suture model). The modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) was used to assess neurological function 6, 12 hours, 1, 2, 3 days after MCAO/R. Blood samples were collected 1, 2 and 3 days after surgery to determine the dynamic changes of Ly6C(high) and Ly6C(low) subsets by flow cytometry. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and HE staining of the brains were also performed on day 1, 2 and 3. The relationships between the changes of monocyte subsets and the cerebral infarct size and neurological scores were studied by correlation analysis. RESULTS Compared with the baseline, the proportion of Ly6C(high) monocytes significantly increased 1 day after MCAO/R surgery, reached the peak level on the following day and then declined. Compared with the Sham group, the proportion of Ly6C(high) monocytes went up obviously at each time point. TTC staining revealed that the infarct size increased markedly 2 days after surgery. The proportion of Ly6C(high) monocytes in the MCAO/R group was positively associated with the percentage of cerebral infarct size, and it also showed a positive correlation with neurological function deficit scores. CONCLUSION The dynamic changes of monocyte subsets after MCAO/R modeling revealed that Ly6C(high) subset peaked on day 2 after the operation and was correlated with cerebral infarct size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Graduates, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Heart Center, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Heart Center, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Heart Center, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Heart Center, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yanwei Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Heart Center, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wenjie Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Heart Center, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Heart Center, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
| | - Yuming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Heart Center, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang H, Liu Y, Guan S, Qu D, Wang L, Wang X, Li X, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Wang N, Meng J, Ma X. An Orally Active Allosteric GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Is Neuroprotective in Cellular and Rodent Models of Stroke. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148827. [PMID: 26863436 PMCID: PMC4749391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of stroke. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have been in clinical use for the treatment of diabetes and also been reported to be neuroprotective in ischemic stroke. The quinoxaline 6,7-dichloro-2-methylsulfonyl-3-N-tert- butylaminoquinoxaline (DMB) is an agonist and allosteric modulator of the GLP-1R with the potential to increase the affinity of GLP-1 for its receptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of DMB on transient focal cerebral ischemia. In cultured cortical neurons, DMB activated the GLP-1R, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels with an EC50 value about 100 fold that of exendin-4. Pretreatment of neurons with DMB protected against necrotic and apoptotic cell death was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The neuroprotective effects of DMB were blocked by GLP-1R knockdown with shRNA but not by GLP-1R antagonism. In C57BL/6 mice, DMB was orally administered 30 min prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. DMB markedly reduced the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits caused by MCAO and reperfusion. The neuroprotective effects were mediated by activation of the GLP-1R through the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway. DMB exhibited anti-apoptotic effects by modulating Bcl-2 family members. These results provide evidence that DMB, a small molecular GLP-1R agonist, attenuates transient focal cerebral ischemia injury and inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by MCAO. Taken together, these data suggest that DMB is a potential neuroprotective agent against cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- School of Nurse, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaoyu Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Di Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Preventative Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinshang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xubo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shimeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingru Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: . (XM); (JM)
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: . (XM); (JM)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Diet-induced epigenetic modifications in early life could contribute to later health problem. However, it remains to be established whether high-fat diet (HFD) consumption during pregnancy and the suckling period could predispose the offspring to stroke. The present study investigated the influence of maternal HFD on stroke outcome in adult offspring. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal diet (5.3% fat) or a HFD (25.7% fat), just before pregnancy until the end of lactation. Male offspring were fed with the control diet or the HFD after weaning, to form four groups (control offspring fed with the control diet (C/C) or the HFD (C/HFD) and offspring of fat-fed dams fed with the control diet (HFD/C) or the HFD (HFD/HFD)). The offspring received middle cerebral artery occlusion on day 120 followed by behavioral tests (neurological deficit score, staircase-reaching test and beam-traversing test), and infarct volumes were also calculated. We found that the HFD/C rats displayed larger infarct volume and aggravated functional deficits (all P<0.05), compared with the C/C rats, indicating that maternal fat-rich diet renders the brain more susceptible to the consequences of ischemic injury. Moreover, maternal HFD offspring displayed elevated glucocorticoid concentrations following stroke, and increased glucocorticoid receptor expression. In addition, adrenalectomy reversed the effects of maternal HFD on stroke outcome when corticosterone was replaced at baseline, but not ischemic, concentrations. Furthermore, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the ipsilateral hippocampus was decreased in the HFD/C offspring (P<0.05), compared with the C/C offspring. Taken together, maternal diet can substantially influence adult cerebrovascular health, through the programming of central BDNF expression and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChengCheng Lin
- Department of Surgery LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, ChinaFirst Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bei Shao
- Department of Surgery LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, ChinaFirst Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, China
| | - YuLei Zhou
- Department of Surgery LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, ChinaFirst Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, China
| | - XiaoTing Niu
- Department of Surgery LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, ChinaFirst Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, China
| | - YuanShao Lin
- Department of Surgery LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, ChinaFirst Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cohen R, Lata JP, Lee Y, Hernández JCC, Nishimura N, Schaffer CB, Mukai C, Nelson JL, Brangman SA, Agrawal Y, Travis AJ. Use of Tethered Enzymes as a Platform Technology for Rapid Analyte Detection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142326. [PMID: 26605916 PMCID: PMC4659663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid diagnosis for time-sensitive illnesses such as stroke, cardiac arrest, and septic shock is essential for successful treatment. Much attention has therefore focused on new strategies for rapid and objective diagnosis, such as Point-of-Care Tests (PoCT) for blood biomarkers. Here we use a biomimicry-based approach to demonstrate a new diagnostic platform, based on enzymes tethered to nanoparticles (NPs). As proof of principle, we use oriented immobilization of pyruvate kinase (PK) and luciferase (Luc) on silica NPs to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a clinically relevant biomarker for multiple diseases ranging from acute brain injuries to lung cancer. We hypothesize that an approach capitalizing on the speed and catalytic nature of enzymatic reactions would enable fast and sensitive biomarker detection, suitable for PoCT devices. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed in-vitro, animal model, and human subject studies. First, the efficiency of coupled enzyme activities when tethered to NPs versus when in solution was tested, demonstrating a highly sensitive and rapid detection of physiological and pathological concentrations of NSE. Next, in rat stroke models the enzyme-based assay was able in minutes to show a statistically significant increase in NSE levels in samples taken 1 hour before and 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours after occlusion of the distal middle cerebral artery. Finally, using the tethered enzyme assay for detection of NSE in samples from 20 geriatric human patients, we show that our data match well (r = 0.815) with the current gold standard for biomarker detection, ELISA-with a major difference being that we achieve detection in 10 minutes as opposed to the several hours required for traditional ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Oriented enzyme immobilization conferred more efficient coupled activity, and thus higher assay sensitivity, than non-tethered enzymes. Together, our findings provide proof of concept for using oriented immobilization of active enzymes on NPs as the basis for a highly rapid and sensitive biomarker detection platform. This addresses a key challenge in developing a PoCT platform for time sensitive and difficult to diagnose pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Cohen
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Hungerford Hill Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - James P. Lata
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Hungerford Hill Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Yurim Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Jean C. Cruz Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Chris B. Schaffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Chinatsu Mukai
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Hungerford Hill Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn L. Nelson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Hungerford Hill Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Sharon A. Brangman
- Central New York ADAC, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States of America
| | - Yash Agrawal
- New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Campus, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Travis
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Hungerford Hill Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lorente L, Martín MM, González-Rivero AF, Ramos L, Argueso M, Cáceres JJ, Solé-Violán J, Jiménez A, Borreguero-León JM. Association between Serum Soluble CD154 Levels and Mortality in Patients with Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12147-58. [PMID: 26030673 PMCID: PMC4490435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: CD154 and its soluble counterpart (sCD154) are proteins of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and exhibit proinflamatory and procoagulant properties. Higher circulating sCD154 levels have been found in ischemic stroke patients than in controls. However, the association between circulating sCD154 levels and mortality in ischemic stroke patients has not been reported, and was the focus of this study. Methods: This was a multicenter, observational and prospective study carried out in six Spanish Intensive Care Units. We measured serum sCD154 from 50 patients with severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI), defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) lower than 9, at the moment of the severe MMCAI diagnosis and from 50 healthy controls. The end-point of the study was 30-day mortality. Results: We found higher serum sCD154 levels in patients with severe MMCAI than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). We found higher serum sCD154 levels (p < 0.001) in non-surviving (n = 26) than in surviving MMCAI patients (n = 24). Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis showed that serum sCD154 levels >1.41 ng/mmL were associated with 30-day mortality (OR = 10.25; 95% CI = 2.34–44.95; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The new more important finding of our study was that serum sCD154 levels in MMCAI patients were associated with mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain.
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain.
| | | | - Luis Ramos
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General La Palma, Breña Alta 38713, Spain.
| | - Mónica Argueso
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia 46004, Spain.
| | - Juan J Cáceres
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain.
| | - Jordi Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lorente L, Martín MM, Abreu-González P, Ramos L, Argueso M, Solé-Violán J, Riaño-Ruiz M, Jiménez A. Serum malondialdehyde levels in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction are associated with mortality. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125893. [PMID: 25933254 PMCID: PMC4416778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an end-product formed during lipid peroxidation, due to degradation of cellular membrane phospholipids. MDA is released into extracellular space and finally into the blood; it has been used as an effective biomarker of lipid oxidation. High circulating levels of MDA have been previously described in patients with ischemic stoke than in controls, and an association between circulating MDA levels and neurological functional outcome in patients with ischemic stoke. However, an association between serum MDA levels and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke has not been previously reported, and that was the objective of this study. Methods Observational, prospective and multicenter study performed in six Intensive Care Units. We included patients with severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) lower than 9. We measured serum MDA levels in 50 patients with severe MMCAI at the time of diagnosis and in 100 healthy subjects. Mortality at 30 days was the end point of the study. Results We found that patients with severe MMCAI showed higher serum MDA levels than healthy subjects (p<0.001). We found higher serum MDA levels (p<0.001) in non-surviving MMCAI patients (n=26) than in survivors (n=24). The area under the curve for prediction of 30-day mortality for serum MDA levels was 0.77 (95% CI = 0.63-0.88; p<0.001). Serum MDA levels >2.27 nmol/mL were associated with 30-day mortality (OR=7.23; 95% CI=1.84-28.73; p=0.005) controlling for GCS and age on multiple binomial logistic regression analysis. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that serum malondialdehyde levels in patients with MMCAI are associated with early mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - María M. Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Abreu-González
- Deparment of Phisiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the La Laguna, La Laguna. Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis Ramos
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General La Palma, Breña Alta, La Palma, Spain
| | - Mónica Argueso
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, CIBERES, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marta Riaño-Ruiz
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Andreou AP, Efthymiou M, Yu Y, Watts HR, Noormohamed FH, Ma D, Lane DA, Crawley JTB. Protective effects of non-anticoagulant activated protein C variant (D36A/L38D/A39V) in a murine model of ischaemic stroke. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122410. [PMID: 25830552 PMCID: PMC4382112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is caused by occlusive thrombi in the cerebral vasculature. Although tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) can be administered as thrombolytic therapy, it has major limitations, which include disruption of the blood-brain barrier and an increased risk of bleeding. Treatments that prevent or limit such deleterious effects could be of major clinical importance. Activated protein C (APC) is a natural anticoagulant that regulates thrombin generation, but also confers endothelial cytoprotective effects and improved endothelial barrier function mediated through its cell signalling properties. In murine models of stroke, although APC can limit the deleterious effects of tPA due to its cell signalling function, its anticoagulant actions can further elevate the risk of bleeding. Thus, APC variants such as APC(5A), APC(Ca-ins) and APC(36-39) with reduced anticoagulant, but normal signalling function may have therapeutic benefit. Human and murine protein C (5A), (Ca-ins) and (36-39) variants were expressed and characterised. All protein C variants were secreted normally, but 5-20% of the protein C (Ca-ins) variants were secreted as disulphide-linked dimers. Thrombin generation assays suggested reductions in anticoagulant function of 50- to 57-fold for APC(36-39), 22- to 27-fold for APC(Ca-ins) and 14- to 17-fold for APC(5A). Interestingly, whereas human wt APC, APC(36-39) and APC(Ca-ins) were inhibited similarly by protein C inhibitor (t½ - 33 to 39 mins), APC(5A) was inactivated ~9-fold faster (t½ - 4 mins). Using the murine middle cerebral artery occlusion ischaemia/repurfusion injury model, in combination with tPA, APC(36-39), which cannot be enhanced by its cofactor protein S, significantly improved neurological scores, reduced cerebral infarct area by ~50% and reduced oedema ratio. APC(36-39) also significantly reduced bleeding in the brain induced by administration of tPA, whereas wt APC did not. If our data can be extrapolated to clinical settings, then APC(36-39) could represent a feasible adjunctive therapy for ischaemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Andreou
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Efthymiou
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yao Yu
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena R. Watts
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faruq H. Noormohamed
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daqing Ma
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Lane
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James TB Crawley
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hsiao HH, Huang HL, Wang HC, Tsai YF, Liu TC, Chang CS, Lin SF. Acute cerebral infarct with elevated factor VIII level during the thrombocytopenic stage after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2014; 12:171-172. [PMID: 24702151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thromboembolism is a complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant. However, a literature search showed no previous reports of cerebral infarction during the thrombocytopenic stage after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A 35-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (precursor B-cell type) was treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant after induction and consolidation chemotherapy. On day 2 after transplant, she was unconscious, and had urinary incontinence and left hemiplegia. A computed tomography scan of the brain showed an acute ischemic infarct in the right middle cerebral artery region and an old infarct at the left thalamus without atherosclerosis. Factor VIII level was elevated (190%; normal range, 60% to 150%). She was treated with rehabilitation and low-dose aspirin. At 6 months after transplant, the leukemia remained in remission and she had no further thromboembolic events. This case suggests that prudent treatment of patients who have hematopoietic stem cell transplant may include monitoring for thromboembolism and testing factor VIII level before transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gong G, Xiang L, Yuan L, Hu L, Wu W, Cai L, Yin L, Dong H. Protective effect of glycyrrhizin, a direct HMGB1 inhibitor, on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89450. [PMID: 24594628 PMCID: PMC3942385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Glycyrrhizin (GL) has been reported to protect against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury by inhibiting the cytokine activity of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In the present study, the protective effects of GL against I/R injury, as well as the related molecular mechanisms, were investigated in rat brains. Methods Focal cerebral I/R injury was induced by intraluminal filamentous occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in Male Sprague-Dawley rats. GL alone or GL and rHMGB1 were administered intravenously at the time of reperfusion. Serum levels of HMGB1 and inflammatory mediators were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological examination, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and western blotting analyses were performed to investigate the protective and anti-apoptotic effects and related molecular mechanisms of GL against I/R injury in rat brains. Results Pre-treatment with GL significantly reduced infarct volume and improved the accompanying neurological deficits in locomotor function. The release of HMGB1 from the cerebral cortex into the serum was inhibited by GL administration. Moreover, pre-treatment with GL alleviated apoptotic injury resulting from cerebral I/R through the inhibition of cytochrome C release and caspase 3 activity. The expression levels of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related molecules including TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6, which were over-expressed in I/R, were decreased by GL. P38 and P-JNK signalling were involved in this process. All of the protective effects of GL could be reversed by rHMGB1 administration. Conclusions GL has a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brains through the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptotic injury by antagonising the cytokine activity of HMGB1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gu Gong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Libang Yuan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Yin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rao ML, Tang M, He JY, Dong Z. [Effects of paeoniflorin on cerebral blood flow and the balance of PGI2/TXA2 of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2014; 49:55-60. [PMID: 24783506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study is to investigate the effects of paeoniflorin on cerebral blood flow and the balance of PGI2/TXA2 of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A total of 72 SD rats (3) were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham operation group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model group (I/R gourp), low (10 mg.kg-1), middle (20 mg.kg-1) and high (40 mg.kg-1) doses of paeoniflorin groups and nimrnodipine group. Focal cerebral ischemia in rats was made by inserting a monofilament suture into internal carotid artery for 90 min and then reperfused for 24 h. The effects of paeoniflorin on neurological deficit scores and the infarction volume of brain were detected. Relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was continuously monitored over ischemic hemispheres by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The expression of COX-2 in hippocampal CAl region was estimated by immunohistochemistry and the contents of prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and ratio of PGIJ2/TXA2 in serum were measured by ELISA kits. Paeoniflorin significantly ameliorated neurological scores, reduced the infarction volume, and increased regional cerebral blood flow relative to the I/R group. In addition, paeoniflorin could inhibit COX-2 expression and the release of TXA2 and prevent the downregulation of PGI2 induced by I/R injury. The neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats might be attributed to improve the supply of injured hemisphere blood flow and adjust the balance between PGI2/TXA2.
Collapse
|
40
|
Fernández-Pajarín G, Arias-Rivas S, Pías-Peleteiro JM. [Aphasia and thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura in a young woman: the platelet count dilemma]. Rev Neurol 2013; 57:335-336. [PMID: 24052446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/deficiency
- ADAMTS13 Protein
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Aphasia/etiology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Contraindications
- Emergencies
- Female
- Hemianopsia/etiology
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/blood
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/etiology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Paresis/etiology
- Plasmapheresis
- Platelet Count
- Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/blood
- Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/complications
- Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/diagnosis
- Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/enzymology
- Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/therapy
- Rituximab
- Thrombolytic Therapy
- Thrombophilia/etiology
- Ultrasonography
Collapse
|
41
|
Godino MDC, Romera VG, Sánchez-Tomero JA, Pacheco J, Canals S, Lerma J, Vivancos J, Moro MA, Torres M, Lizasoain I, Sánchez-Prieto J. Amelioration of ischemic brain damage by peritoneal dialysis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4359-63. [PMID: 23999426 DOI: 10.1172/jci67284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating condition, for which there is still no effective therapy. Acute ischemic stroke is associated with high concentrations of glutamate in the blood and interstitial brain fluid. The inability of the tissue to retain glutamate within the cells of the brain ultimately provokes neuronal death. Increased concentrations of interstitial glutamate exert further excitotoxic effects on healthy tissue surrounding the infarct zone. We developed a strategy based on peritoneal dialysis to reduce blood glutamate levels, thereby accelerating brain-to-blood glutamate clearance. In a rat model of stroke, this simple procedure reduced the transient increase in glutamate, consequently decreasing the size of the infarct area. Functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the rescued brain tissue remained functional. Moreover, in patients with kidney failure, peritoneal dialysis significantly decreased glutamate concentrations. Our results suggest that peritoneal dialysis may represent a simple and effective intervention for human stroke patients.
Collapse
|
42
|
Stegner D, Deppermann C, Kraft P, Morowski M, Kleinschnitz C, Stoll G, Nieswandt B. Munc13-4-mediated secretion is essential for infarct progression but not intracranial hemostasis in acute stroke. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1430-3. [PMID: 23659589 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
43
|
Rodriguez-Mercado R, Ford GD, Xu Z, Kraiselburd EN, Martinez MI, Eterović VA, Colon E, Rodriguez IV, Portilla P, Ferchmin PA, Gierbolini L, Rodriguez-Carrasquillo M, Powell MD, Pulliam JVK, McCraw CO, Gates A, Ford BD. Acute neuronal injury and blood genomic profiles in a nonhuman primate model for ischemic stroke. Comp Med 2012; 62:427-438. [PMID: 23114047 PMCID: PMC3472608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to characterize acute neuronal injury in a novel nonhuman primate (NHP) ischemic stroke model by using multiple outcome measures. Silk sutures were inserted into the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery of rhesus macaques to achieve permanent occlusion of the vessel. The sutures were introduced via the femoral artery by using endovascular microcatheterization techniques. Within hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), infarction was detectable by using diffusion-weighted MRI imaging. The infarcts expanded by 24 h after MCAO and then were detectable on T2-weighted images. The infarcts seen by MRI were consistent with neuronal injury demonstrated histologically. Neurobehavioral function after MCAO was determined by using 2 neurologic testing scales. Neurologic assessments indicated that impairment after ischemia was limited to motor function in the contralateral arm; other neurologic and behavioral parameters were largely unaffected. We also used microarrays to examine gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after MCAO-induced ischemia. Several genes were altered in a time-dependent manner after MCAO, suggesting that this ischemia model may be suitable for identifying blood biomarkers associated with the presence and severity of ischemia. This NHP stroke model likely will facilitate the elucidation of mechanisms associated with acute neuronal injury after ischemia. In addition, the ability to identify candidate blood biomarkers in NHP after ischemia may prompt the development of new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory D Ford
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
- Department of Biology, Morehouse College, and
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
| | - Edmundo N Kraiselburd
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Melween I Martinez
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Idia V Rodriguez
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Pedro A Ferchmin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - Lynette Gierbolini
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Carrasquillo
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael D Powell
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
| | - John VK Pulliam
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Casey O McCraw
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
| | - Alicia Gates
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
| | - Byron D Ford
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhu H, Qian Z, Li H, Guo L, Pan L, Zhang Q, Tang Y. Integrated pharmacokinetics of major bioactive components in MCAO rats after oral administration of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 141:158-169. [PMID: 22387241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT, or Oren-gedoku-to in Japanese), an important multi-herb remedy in China and other Asia countries, has been used clinically to treat cerebral ischemia for decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS According to the previous studies we have reported, an HPLC method was developed and validated for determination of berberine, palmatine, baicalin, baicalein and geniposide simultaneously in MCAO rat plasma after administration of HLJDT aqueous extract. A classified integral pharmacokinetic method was put forward after having compared the integrated concentration-time profile with that of single component. An AUC based weighting approach was used for integrated principle. RESULTS The results indicated the classified integral pharmacokinetic profile of index components from HLJDT could reveal the pharmacokinetic behavior of original components, and was corresponding to the holistic pharmacological effects of anti-ischemia with HLJDT. CONCLUSIONS This study was aimed to explore an approach that could be applied to integrate the pharmacokinetic behavior of different components derived from HLJDT. The integrated pharmacokinetic results also provided more information for further understanding of the clinical cerebrovascular disease in use of HLJDT.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Biotransformation
- Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage
- Cardiovascular Agents/blood
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Stability
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/blood
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Phytotherapy
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaxu Zhu
- Separation Engineering of Chinese Traditional Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang Y, Zhang FG, Meng C, Tian SY, Wang YX, Zhao W, Chen J, Zhang XS, Liang Y, Zhang SD, Xing YJ. Inhibition of sevoflurane postconditioning against cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative injury in rats. Molecules 2011; 17:341-54. [PMID: 22210172 PMCID: PMC6268413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile anesthetic sevoflurane is capable of inducing preconditioning and postconditioning effects in the brain. In this study, we investigated the effects of sevoflurane postconditioning on antioxidant and immunity indexes in cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) rats. Rats were randomly assigned to five separate experimental groups I–V. In the sham group (I), rats were subjected to the same surgery procedures except for occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and exposed to 1.0 MAC sevoflurane 90 min after surgery for 30 min. IR control rats (group II) were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min and exposed to O2 for 30 min at the beginning of reperfusion. Sevoflurane 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 groups (III, IV, V) were all subjected to MCAO for 90 min, but at the beginning of reperfusion exposed to 0.5 MAC, 1.0 MAC or 1.5 MAC sevoflurane for 30 min, respectively. Results showed that sevoflurane postconditioning can decrease serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and increase serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats. In addition, sevoflurane postconditioning can still decrease blood lipid, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, infarct volume and increase antioxidant enzymes activities, normal pyramidal neurons density in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats. It can be concluded that sevoflurane postconditioning may decrease blood and brain oxidative injury and enhance immunity indexes in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-X.W.); (J.C.); (X.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fu-Geng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China;
| | - Chun Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-X.W.); (J.C.); (X.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-022-6036-7500; Fax: +86-022-6036-7500
| | - Shou-Yuan Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital Affiliated Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China;
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-X.W.); (J.C.); (X.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health and Tianjin, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-X.W.); (J.C.); (X.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-X.W.); (J.C.); (X.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-X.W.); (J.C.); (X.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shi-Dong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinghai Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China;
| | - Yan-Jie Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan City Worker Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhao Y, Chen S, Yu W, Cai S, Zhang L, Wang X, Tang A. [The effect of electro-acupuncture on endogenous EPCs and serum cytokines in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2010; 27:1322-1326. [PMID: 21374987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this research project, rats were made into animal models of acute focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (IR) by occlusion of their middle cerebral artery (MCAO). We observed the effect of endogenous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and serum cytokines on cerebral ischemia rats treated by electro-acupuncture(EA). The results showed: MCAO model had high stability after EA treatment which was delivered via the acupuncture needles inserted into "quchi" and "zusanli" points, the nervous functions of cerebral IR rats recovered faster than those of rats not treated; EPCs in rats' blood increased after acute focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion; and the growth rate was obvious in IR group. This phenomenon might be related to the inflammation elicited by injury of ischemia and self-repair. Besides, EA treatment could decrease induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, alleviate injury after cerebral ischemia, and regulate the quantity of EPCs in blood. The quantity of EPCs in blood increased in IR-24hr. In IR-48 hr, the rise of EPCs quantity was significant (P < 0.01). The level of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in serum of rats after cerebral ischemia was escalated, which indicated to a certain extent that cerebral ischemia could stimulate stress reaction. EA treatment could raise VEGF level, which suggested that high expression of VEGF could accelerate mobilization, chemotaxis and homing of EPCs. At the same time, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) also changed. In conclusion, EA treatment could promote neovascularization after cerebral ischemia by mobilizing EPCs, decreasing iNOS activity and increasing VEGF level. This may be one of the ways by which EA could treat cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Biology of Chongqing, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu YG, Li FJ, Wang J, Wang XD. [Effects of Ginkgolide B on inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats]. Zhong Yao Cai 2010; 33:578-580. [PMID: 20845788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of Ginkgolide B on inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. METHODS Rats were pretreated with Ginkgolide B at the dose of 2. 5, 5, 10 mg/kg for 3 days and then subjected to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The infarct volume and the neurological deficit were determined by the method of TTC (2,3,5-triphenylterazolium chloride) staining and Longa's score. The permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) was evaluated by measurement of the evans blue (EB) content in the brain with spectrophotometer. The content of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 (IL-6, IL-1beta) in serum and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), The content of E-selectin and ICAM 1 in brain were determined by radio-immunoassay and ELISA assay. RESULTS Ginkgolide B reduced infarct volume, ameliorated the neurological deficit and the permeability of BBB, the content of IL-6, IL-1beta in serum and TNF-alpha, expressions of E-selectin and ICAM 1 in brain tissue also were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Ginkgolide B has protective effects on cerebral injury by inhibiting the inflammation induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Liu
- Department of pharmaceutical, Wujing Zongdui Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510507, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Serarslan Y, Bal R, Altuğ ME, Kontaş T, Melek IM. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester decreases the level of S-100B protein after middle cerebral artery [correction for after] occlusion in rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 2009; 22:313-316. [PMID: 19553181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the serum S-100B levels were studied as an index for brain damage after permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rabbits. Twenty rabbits were divided into four groups (n=5): control, sham, non-treatment and CAPE. The right MCA was occluded using a microsurgical procedure with bipolar coagulation and was then transected in non-treatment and CAPE groups. The rabbits in the sham group underwent a surgical procedure but the MCA was not occluded. No surgery was performed in the control group. CAPE was administered after MCA occlusion at the dose of 10 microg/kg, once a day intraperitoneally for 7 days in the CAPE group. Serum S-100B levels were determined on days 1, 2, 4 and 7. Serum S-100B level was significantly increased following permanent MCA occlusion. Posttreatment of CAPE significantly reduced the serum S-100B level. This study demonstrated that CAPE is capable of attenuating increased serum S-100B level induced by MCA occlusion in rabbits. CAPE may be useful as a neuroprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurdal Serarslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fatar M, Stroick M, Griebe M, Alonso A, Kreisel S, Kern R, Hennerici M, Meairs S. Effect of combined ultrasound and microbubbles treatment in an experimental model of cerebral ischemia. Ultrasound Med Biol 2008; 34:1414-1420. [PMID: 18436368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Combined 2-MHz ultrasound (US) and second-generation, sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles (MB) treatment (US+MB) was performed in a permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in rats to evaluate possible effects on the ischemic cascade. We used 16 Wistar rats and the MCA occlusion model for stroke induction. Glutamate, pyruvate, lactate and glycerol levels were measured by intracerebral microdialysis before and after stroke induction and after US+MB application (n = 8) for 20 h. After 24 h, brain infarct volume, apoptosis and IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were evaluated. The infarct volume was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the US+MB-treated group compared with control animals. In additional, glutamate levels were significantly lower in US+MB-treated animals, and these animals showed a higher rate of apoptotic cell death in the infarcted area. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations were not different in both groups, and there was no apoptotic cell death outside the infarction in animals treated with US+MB. The results demonstrate that US+MB with second generation microbubbles does not have a harmful effect on ischemic stroke in an MCA occlusion model of the rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fatar
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Henninger N, Sicard KM, Fisher M. Spectacular shrinking deficit: insights from multimodal magnetic resonance imaging after embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007; 27:1756-63. [PMID: 17377514 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Almost no data is available on the serial changes in the brain after spectacular shrinking deficit (SSD) that may help understand this relatively rare clinical phenomenon. Quantitative diffusion-(DWI), perfusion-(PWI), T(1)-(T1WI), T(2)-weighted (T2WI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed before, during, and up to 7 days after embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=9). Region of interest (ROI) analysis was used to evaluate structural and functional MR signal changes within three ROIs defined by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood flow (CBF) signatures, and final tissue viability. DWI, PWI, and T2WI lesion volumes were calculated using previously established viability thresholds and final infarct volumes ascertained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Serial MRI demonstrated spontaneous reperfusion of initially hypoperfused MCA regions accompanied by substantial reduction of initial ADC and CBF lesions and gradual recovery of neurological outcome. Recovery rates of CBF/ADC abnormalities differed among ROIs. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed persistent tissue dysfunction after the recovery of the CBF/ADC lesions. This study may facilitate our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which early, spontaneous reperfusion affects tissue fate and neurological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|