1
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Koornneef A, Vanshylla K, Hardenberg G, Rutten L, Strokappe NM, Tolboom J, Vreugdenhil J, Boer KFD, Perkasa A, Blokland S, Burger JA, Huang WC, Lovell JF, van Manen D, Sanders RW, Zahn RC, Schuitemaker H, Langedijk JPM, Wegmann F. CoPoP liposomes displaying stabilized clade C HIV-1 Env elicit tier 2 multiclade neutralization in rabbits. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3128. [PMID: 38605096 PMCID: PMC11009251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies towards an effective HIV-1 vaccine is to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses that target the high HIV-1 Env diversity. Here, we present an HIV-1 vaccine candidate that consists of cobalt porphyrin-phospholipid (CoPoP) liposomes decorated with repaired and stabilized clade C HIV-1 Env trimers in a prefusion conformation. These particles exhibit high HIV-1 Env trimer decoration, serum stability and bind broadly neutralizing antibodies. Three sequential immunizations of female rabbits with CoPoP liposomes displaying a different clade C HIV-1 gp140 trimer at each dosing generate high HIV-1 Env-specific antibody responses. Additionally, serum neutralization is detectable against 18 of 20 multiclade tier 2 HIV-1 strains. Furthermore, the peak antibody titers induced by CoPoP liposomes can be recalled by subsequent heterologous immunization with Ad26-encoded membrane-bound stabilized Env antigens. Hence, a CoPoP liposome-based HIV-1 vaccine that can generate cross-clade neutralizing antibody immunity could potentially be a component of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucy Rutten
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sven Blokland
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wei-Chiao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland C Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes P M Langedijk
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ForgeBio, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Wegmann
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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2
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Jeffy J, Parthasarathy D, Ahmed S, Cervera-Benet H, Xiong U, Harris M, Mazurov D, Pickthorn S, Herschhorn A. Alternative substitutions of N332 in HIV-1 AD8 gp120 differentially affect envelope glycoprotein function and viral sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the V3-glycan. mBio 2024; 15:e0268623. [PMID: 38470051 PMCID: PMC11005340 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02686-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) mediates viral entry into host CD4+ T cells and is the sole target of neutralizing antibodies. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that target gp120 V3-glycan of HIV-1 Env trimer are potent and block the entry of diverse HIV-1 strains. Most V3-glycan bnAbs interact, to a different extent, with a glycan attached to N332, but Asn at this position is not absolutely conserved or required for HIV-1 entry based on the prevalence of N332 in different circulating HIV-1 strains from diverse clades. Here, we studied the effects of amino acid changes at position 332 of HIV-1AD8 Envs on HIV-1 sensitivity to antibodies, cold exposure, and soluble CD4. We further investigated how these changes affect Env function and HIV-1 infectivity in vitro. Our results suggest robust tolerability of HIV-1AD8 Env N332 to changes, with specific changes that resulted in extended exposure of gp120 V3 loop, which is typically concealed in most primary HIV-1 isolates. Viral evolution leading to Asn at position 332 of HIVAD8 Envs is supported by the selection advantage of high levels of cell-cell fusion, transmission, and infectivity with high levels of cell surface expression and slightly higher gp120 shedding than most N332 variants. Thus, tolerance of HIV-1AD8 Envs to different amino acids at position 332 provides increased flexibility to respond to changing conditions/environments and evade the immune system. Modeling studies of the distance between N332 glycan and specific bnAbs were in agreement with N332 glycan dependency on bnAb neutralization. Overall, our studies provide insights into the contribution of specific amino acids at position 332 to Env antigenicity, stability on ice, and conformational states. IMPORTANCE Glycan attached to amino acid asparagine at position 332 of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins is a main target of a subset of broadly neutralizing antibodies that block HIV-1 infection. Here, we defined the contribution of different amino acids at this position to Env antigenicity, stability on ice, and conformational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffy Jeffy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Durgadevi Parthasarathy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shamim Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Héctor Cervera-Benet
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ulahn Xiong
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Miranda Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dmitriy Mazurov
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie Pickthorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center of Genomic Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- The College of Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Bonner X, Sondgeroth A, McCue A, Nicely N, Tripathy A, Spielvogel E, Moeser M, Ke R, Leiderman K, Joseph SB, Swanstrom R. Stoichiometry for entry and binding properties of the Env protein of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 and its evolutionary variant of macrophage-tropic HIV-1. mBio 2024; 15:e0032124. [PMID: 38426750 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00321-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 typically requires a high density of CD4 for efficient entry as a mechanism to target CD4+ T cells (T-tropic), with CCR5 being used most often as the coreceptor. When target T cells are limiting, the virus can evolve to infect cells with a low density of CD4 such as macrophages (M-tropic). The entry phenotype is known to be encoded in the viral Env protein on the surface of the virus particle. Using data showing a dose response for infectivity based on CD4 surface density, we built a model consistent with T-tropic viruses requiring multiple CD4 molecules to mediate infection, whereas M-tropic viruses can infect cells using a single CD4 receptor molecule interaction. We also found that T-tropic viruses bound to the surface of cells with a low density of CD4 are released more slowly than M-tropic viruses which we modeled to be due to multiple interactions of the T-tropic virus with multiple CD4 molecules to allow the initial stable binding. Finally, we found that some M-tropic Env proteins, as the gp120 subunit, possess an enhanced affinity for CD4 compared with their T-tropic pair, indicating that the evolution of macrophage tropism can be reflected both in the closed Env trimer conformation on the virion surface and, in some cases, also in the open confirmation of gp120 Env. Collectively, these studies reveal differences in the stoichiometry of interaction of T-tropic and M-tropic viruses with CD4 and start to identify the basis of binding differences at the biochemical level. IMPORTANCE Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 normally targets CD4+ T cells for viral replication. When T cells are limiting, the virus can evolve to infect myeloid cells. The evolutionary step involves a change from requiring a high surface density of CD4 for entry to being able to infect cells with a low density of CD4, as is found on myeloid lineage cells such as macrophage and microglia. Viruses able to infect macrophages efficiently are most often found in the CNS late in the disease course, and such viruses may contribute to neurocognitive impairment. Here, we examine the CD4 binding properties of the viral Env protein to explore these two different entry phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bonner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy Sondgeroth
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia McCue
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan Nicely
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ean Spielvogel
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Moeser
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruian Ke
- T-6, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Karin Leiderman
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah B Joseph
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ronald Swanstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Misra M, Jeffy J, Liao C, Pickthorn S, Wagh K, Herschhorn A. HIResist: a database of HIV-1 resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae103. [PMID: 38426331 PMCID: PMC10919947 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Changing the course of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) pandemic is a high public health priority with approximately 39 million people currently living with HIV-1 (PLWH) and about 1.5 million new infections annually worldwide. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) typically target highly conserved sites on the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs), which mediate viral entry, and block the infection of diverse HIV-1 strains. But different mechanisms of HIV-1 resistance to bnAbs prevent robust application of bnAbs for therapeutic and preventive interventions. RESULTS Here we report the development of a new database that provides data and computational tools to aid the discovery of resistant features and may assist in analysis of HIV-1 resistance to bnAbs. Bioinformatic tools allow identification of specific patterns in Env sequences of resistant strains and development of strategies to elucidate the mechanisms of HIV-1 escape; comparison of resistant and sensitive HIV-1 strains for each bnAb; identification of resistance and sensitivity signatures associated with specific bnAbs or groups of bnAbs; and visualization of antibody pairs on cross-sensitivity plots. The database has been designed with a particular focus on user-friendly and interactive interface. Our database is a valuable resource for the scientific community and provides opportunities to investigate patterns of HIV-1 resistance and to develop new approaches aimed to overcome HIV-1 resistance to bnAbs. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION HIResist is freely available at https://hiresist.ahc.umn.edu/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Misra
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jeffy Jeffy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Charis Liao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Stephanie Pickthorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- The College of Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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5
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Banach BB, Pletnev S, Olia AS, Xu K, Zhang B, Rawi R, Bylund T, Doria-Rose NA, Nguyen TD, Fahad AS, Lee M, Lin BC, Liu T, Louder MK, Madan B, McKee K, O'Dell S, Sastry M, Schön A, Bui N, Shen CH, Wolfe JR, Chuang GY, Mascola JR, Kwong PD, DeKosky BJ. Antibody-directed evolution reveals a mechanism for enhanced neutralization at the HIV-1 fusion peptide site. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7593. [PMID: 37989731 PMCID: PMC10663459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 fusion peptide (FP) represents a promising vaccine target, but global FP sequence diversity among circulating strains has limited anti-FP antibodies to ~60% neutralization breadth. Here we evolve the FP-targeting antibody VRC34.01 in vitro to enhance FP-neutralization using site saturation mutagenesis and yeast display. Successive rounds of directed evolution by iterative selection of antibodies for binding to resistant HIV-1 strains establish a variant, VRC34.01_mm28, as a best-in-class antibody with 10-fold enhanced potency compared to the template antibody and ~80% breadth on a cross-clade 208-strain neutralization panel. Structural analyses demonstrate that the improved paratope expands the FP binding groove to accommodate diverse FP sequences of different lengths while also recognizing the HIV-1 Env backbone. These data reveal critical antibody features for enhanced neutralization breadth and potency against the FP site of vulnerability and accelerate clinical development of broad HIV-1 FP-targeting vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey B Banach
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Sergei Pletnev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Tatsiana Bylund
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Thuy Duong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Ahmed S Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Natalie Bui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jacy R Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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6
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Phung I, Rodrigues KA, Marina-Zárate E, Maiorino L, Pahar B, Lee WH, Melo M, Kaur A, Allers C, Fahlberg M, Grasperge BF, Dufour JP, Schiro F, Aye PP, Lopez PG, Torres JL, Ozorowski G, Eskandarzadeh S, Kubitz M, Georgeson E, Groschel B, Nedellec R, Bick M, Kaczmarek Michaels K, Gao H, Shen X, Carnathan DG, Silvestri G, Montefiori DC, Ward AB, Hangartner L, Veazey RS, Burton DR, Schief WR, Irvine DJ, Crotty S. A combined adjuvant approach primes robust germinal center responses and humoral immunity in non-human primates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7107. [PMID: 37925510 PMCID: PMC10625619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants and antigen delivery kinetics can profoundly influence B cell responses and should be critically considered in rational vaccine design, particularly for difficult neutralizing antibody targets such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antigen kinetics can change depending on the delivery method. To promote extended immunogen bioavailability and to present antigen in a multivalent form, native-HIV Env trimers are modified with short phosphoserine peptide linkers that promote tight binding to aluminum hydroxide (pSer:alum). Here we explore the use of a combined adjuvant approach that incorporates pSer:alum-mediated antigen delivery with potent adjuvants (SMNP, 3M-052) in an extensive head-to-head comparison study with conventional alum to assess germinal center (GC) and humoral immune responses. Priming with pSer:alum plus SMNP induces additive effects that enhance the magnitude and persistence of GCs, which correlate with better GC-TFH cell help. Autologous HIV-neutralizing antibody titers are improved in SMNP-immunized animals after two immunizations. Over 9 months after priming immunization of pSer:alum with either SMNP or 3M-052, robust Env-specific bone marrow plasma cells (BM BPC) are observed. Furthermore, pSer-modification of Env trimer reduce targeting towards immunodominant non-neutralizing epitopes. The study shows that a combined adjuvant approach can augment humoral immunity by modulating immunodominance and shows promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Phung
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ester Marina-Zárate
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mariane Melo
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Carolina Allers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Brooke F Grasperge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Jason P Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Paul G Lopez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Saman Eskandarzadeh
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Bick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek Michaels
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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7
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Moraka NO, Choga WT, Pema MN, Chawawa MK, Gobe I, Mokomane M, Bareng OT, Bhebhe L, Kelentse N, Mulenga G, Pretorius Holme M, Mohammed T, Koofhethile CK, Makhema JM, Shapiro R, Lockman S, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S. Predicted resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and associated HIV-1 envelope characteristics among seroconverting adults in Botswana. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18134. [PMID: 37875518 PMCID: PMC10598268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We used HIV-1C sequences to predict (in silico) resistance to 33 known broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and evaluate the different HIV-1 Env characteristics that may affect virus neutralization. We analyzed proviral sequences from adults with documented HIV-1 seroconversion (N = 140) in Botswana (2013-2018). HIV-1 env sequences were used to predict bnAb resistance using bNAb-ReP, to determine the number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) and evaluate Env variable region characteristics (VC). We also assessed the presence of signature mutations that may affect bnAb sensitivity in vitro. We observe varied results for predicted bnAb resistance among our cohort. 3BNC117 showed high predicted resistance (72%) compared to intermediate levels of resistance to VRC01 (57%). We predict low resistance to PGDM100 and 10-1074 and no resistance to 4E10. No difference was observed in the frequency of PNGS by bNAb susceptibility patterns except for higher number of PNGs in V3 bnAb resistant strains. Associations of VC were observed for V1, V4 and V5 loop length and net charge. We also observed few mutations that have been reported to confer bnAb resistance in vitro. Our results support use of sequence data and machine learning tools to predict the best bnAbs to use within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha O Moraka
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wonderful T Choga
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Marea N Pema
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Moses Kudzai Chawawa
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Irene Gobe
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Margaret Mokomane
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ontlametse T Bareng
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Lynette Bhebhe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Nametso Kelentse
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Graceful Mulenga
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Terence Mohammed
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Catherine K Koofhethile
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Joseph M Makhema
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Roger Shapiro
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Bontleng, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana.
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8
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He W, Ou T, Skamangas N, Bailey CC, Bronkema N, Guo Y, Yin Y, Kobzarenko V, Zhang X, Pan A, Liu X, Xu J, Zhang L, Allwardt AE, Mitra D, Quinlan B, Sanders RW, Choe H, Farzan M. Heavy-chain CDR3-engineered B cells facilitate in vivo evaluation of HIV-1 vaccine candidates. Immunity 2023; 56:2408-2424.e6. [PMID: 37531955 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
V2-glycan/apex broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) recognize a closed quaternary epitope of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). This closed structure is necessary to elicit apex antibodies and useful to guide the maturation of other bnAb classes. To compare antigens designed to maintain this conformation, we evaluated apex-specific responses in mice engrafted with a diverse repertoire of B cells expressing the HCDR3 of the apex bnAb VRC26.25. Engineered B cells affinity matured, guiding the improvement of VRC26.25 itself. We found that soluble Env (SOSIP) variants differed significantly in their ability to raise anti-apex responses. A transmembrane SOSIP (SOSIP-TM) delivered as an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle elicited more potent neutralizing responses than multimerized SOSIP proteins. Importantly, SOSIP-TM elicited neutralizing sera from B cells engineered with the predicted VRC26.25-HCDR3 progenitor, which also affinity matured. Our data show that HCDR3-edited B cells facilitate efficient in vivo comparisons of Env antigens and highlight the potential of an HCDR3-focused vaccine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui He
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Tianling Ou
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nickolas Skamangas
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Charles C Bailey
- The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Naomi Bronkema
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Skaggs Graduate School, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yiming Yin
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valerie Kobzarenko
- Department of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Andi Pan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Skaggs Graduate School, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinge Xu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lizhou Zhang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ava E Allwardt
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Brian Quinlan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hyeryun Choe
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Farzan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Skaggs Graduate School, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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9
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Ringe RP, Colin P, Ozorowski G, Allen JD, Yasmeen A, Seabright GE, Lee JH, Antanasijevic A, Rantalainen K, Ketas T, Moore JP, Ward AB, Crispin M, Klasse PJ. Glycan heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011601. [PMID: 37903160 PMCID: PMC10635575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to multiple epitopes on the HIV-1-envelope glycoprotein (Env) have been isolated from infected persons. The potency of NAbs is measured more often than the size of the persistent fraction of infectivity at maximum neutralization, which may also influence preventive efficacy of active or passive immunization and the therapeutic outcome of the latter. Many NAbs neutralize HIV-1 CZA97.012, a clone of a Clade-C isolate, to ~100%. But here NAb PGT151, directed to a fusion-peptide epitope, left a persistent fraction of 15%. NAb PGT145, ligating the Env-trimer apex, left no detectable persistent fraction. The divergence in persistent fractions was further analyzed by depletion of pseudoviral populations of the most PGT151- and PGT145-reactive virions. Thereby, neutralization by the non-depleting NAb increased, whereas neutralization by the depleting NAb decreased. Furthermore, depletion by PGT151 increased sensitivity to autologous neutralization by sera from rabbits immunized with soluble native-like CZA97.012 trimer: substantial persistent fractions were reduced. NAbs in these sera target epitopes comprising residue D411 at the V4-β19 transition in a defect of the glycan shield on CZA97.012 Env. NAb binding to affinity-fractionated soluble native-like CZA97.012 trimer differed commensurately with neutralization in analyses by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance. Glycan differences between PGT151- and PGT145-purified trimer fractions were then demonstrated by mass spectrometry, providing one explanation for the differential antigenicity. These differences were interpreted in relation to a new structure at 3.4-Å resolution of the soluble CZA97.012 trimer determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The trimer adopted a closed conformation, refuting apex opening as the cause of reduced PGT145 binding to the PGT151-purified form. The evidence suggests that differences in binding and neutralization after trimer purification or pseudovirus depletion with PGT145 or PGT151 are caused by variation in glycosylation, and that some glycan variants affect antigenicity through direct effects on antibody contacts, whereas others act allosterically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P. Ringe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Philippe Colin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gemma E. Seabright
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kimmo Rantalainen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John P. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - P. J. Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
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10
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Mopuri R, Welbourn S, Charles T, Ralli-Jain P, Rosales D, Burton S, Aftab A, Karunakaran K, Pellegrini K, Kilembe W, Karita E, Gnanakaran S, Upadhyay AA, Bosinger SE, Derdeyn CA. High throughput analysis of B cell dynamics and neutralizing antibody development during immunization with a novel clade C HIV-1 envelope. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011717. [PMID: 37878666 PMCID: PMC10627474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A protective HIV-1 vaccine has been hampered by a limited understanding of how B cells acquire neutralizing activity. Our previous vaccines expressing two different HIV-1 envelopes elicited robust antigen specific serum IgG titers in 20 rhesus macaques; yet serum from only two animals neutralized the autologous virus. Here, we used high throughput immunoglobulin receptor and single cell RNA sequencing to characterize the overall expansion, recall, and maturation of antigen specific B cells longitudinally over 90 weeks. Diversification and expansion of many B cell clonotypes occurred broadly in the absence of serum neutralization. However, in one animal that developed neutralization, two neutralizing B cell clonotypes arose from the same immunoglobulin germline and were tracked longitudinally. Early antibody variants with high identity to germline neutralized the autologous virus while later variants acquired somatic hypermutation and increased neutralization potency. The early engagement of precursors capable of neutralization with little to no SHM followed by prolonged affinity maturation allowed the two neutralizing lineages to successfully persist despite many other antigen specific B cells. The findings provide new insight into B cells responding to HIV-1 envelope during heterologous prime and boost immunization in rhesus macaques and the development of selected autologous neutralizing antibody lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Mopuri
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Welbourn
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tysheena Charles
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pooja Ralli-Jain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Rosales
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Samantha Burton
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Areeb Aftab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kirti Karunakaran
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Pellegrini
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sandrasegaram Gnanakaran
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine Unit, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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11
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Nguyen HT, Chen HC, Chiu TJ, Smith III AB, Sodroski JG. Alterations in gp120 glycans or the gp41 fusion peptide-proximal region modulate the stability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein pretriggered conformation. J Virol 2023; 97:e0059223. [PMID: 37696048 PMCID: PMC10537687 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00592-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer mediates entry into host cells by binding receptors, CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4, and fusing the viral and cell membranes. In infected cells, cleavage of the gp160 Env precursor yields the mature Env trimer, with gp120 exterior and gp41 transmembrane Env subunits. Env cleavage stabilizes the State-1 conformation, which is the major target for broadly neutralizing antibodies, and decreases the spontaneous sampling of more open Env conformations that expose epitopes for poorly neutralizing antibodies. During HIV-1 entry into cells, CD4 binding drives the metastable Env from a pretriggered (State-1) conformation into more "open," lower-energy states. Here, we report that changes in two dissimilar elements of the HIV-1 Env trimer, namely particular gp120 glycans and the gp41 fusion peptide-proximal region (FPPR), can independently modulate the stability of State 1. Individual deletion of several gp120 glycans destabilized State 1, whereas removal of a V1 glycan resulted in phenotypes indicative of a more stable pretriggered Env conformation. Likewise, some alterations of the gp41 FPPR decreased the level of spontaneous shedding of gp120 from the Env trimer and stabilized the pretriggered State-1 Env conformation. State-1-stabilizing changes were additive and could suppress the phenotypes associated with State-1-destabilizing alterations in Env. Our results support a model in which multiple protein and carbohydrate elements of the HIV-1 Env trimer additively contribute to the stability of the pretriggered (State-1) conformation. The Env modifications identified in this study will assist efforts to characterize the structure and immunogenicity of the metastable State-1 conformation. IMPORTANCE The elicitation of antibodies that neutralize multiple strains of HIV-1 is an elusive goal that has frustrated the development of an effective vaccine. The pretriggered shape of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike on the virus surface is the major target for such broadly neutralizing antibodies. The "closed" pretriggered Env shape resists the binding of most antibodies but is unstable and often assumes "open" shapes that elicit ineffective antibodies. We identified particular changes in both the protein and the sugar components of the Env trimer that stabilize the pretriggered shape. Combinations of these changes were even more effective at stabilizing the pretriggered Env than the individual changes. Stabilizing changes in Env could counteract the effect of Env changes that destabilize the pretriggered shape. Locking Env in its pretriggered shape will assist efforts to understand the Env spike on the virus and to incorporate this shape into vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ta-Jung Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amos B. Smith III
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph G. Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Molinos-Albert LM, Baquero E, Bouvin-Pley M, Lorin V, Charre C, Planchais C, Dimitrov JD, Monceaux V, Vos M, Hocqueloux L, Berger JL, Seaman MS, Braibant M, Avettand-Fenoël V, Sáez-Cirión A, Mouquet H. Anti-V1/V3-glycan broadly HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in a post-treatment controller. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1275-1287.e8. [PMID: 37433296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) can decrease viremia but are usually unable to counteract autologous viruses escaping the antibody pressure. Nonetheless, bNAbs may contribute to natural HIV-1 control in individuals off antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we describe a bNAb B cell lineage elicited in a post-treatment controller (PTC) that exhibits broad seroneutralization and show that a representative antibody from this lineage, EPTC112, targets a quaternary epitope in the glycan-V3 loop supersite of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. The cryo-EM structure of EPTC112 complexed with soluble BG505 SOSIP.664 envelope trimers revealed interactions with N301- and N156-branched N-glycans and the 324GDIR327 V3 loop motif. Although the sole contemporaneous virus circulating in this PTC was resistant to EPTC112, it was potently neutralized by autologous plasma IgG antibodies. Our findings illuminate how cross-neutralizing antibodies can alter the HIV-1 infection course in PTCs and may control viremia off-ART, supporting their role in functional HIV-1 cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Molinos-Albert
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Eduard Baquero
- NanoImaging Core Facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Université Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Valérie Lorin
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Caroline Charre
- Université Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris 75014, France; INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; AP-HP, Service de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
| | - Valérie Monceaux
- Viral Reservoirs and Immune control Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris 75015, France; HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris 75015, France
| | - Matthijn Vos
- NanoImaging Core Facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Université Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Laurent Hocqueloux
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Orléans La Source, Orléans 45067, France
| | - Jean-Luc Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims 51100, France
| | | | | | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoël
- Université Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris 75014, France; INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; AP-HP, Service de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Asier Sáez-Cirión
- Viral Reservoirs and Immune control Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris 75015, France; HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris 75015, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France.
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13
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Niu J, Wang Q, Zhao W, Meng B, Xu Y, Zhang X, Feng Y, Qi Q, Hao Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Xiang J, Shao Y, Yang B. Structures and immune recognition of Env trimers from two Asia prevalent HIV-1 CRFs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4676. [PMID: 37542068 PMCID: PMC10403546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure-guided immunofocusing HIV-1 vaccine design entails a comprehensive understanding of Envs from diverse HIV-1 subtypes, including circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of Envs from two Asia prevalent CRFs (CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC) at 3.0 and 3.5 Å. We compare the structures and glycosylation patterns of Envs from different subtypes and perform cross-clade statistical analyses to reveal the unique features of CRF01_AE V1 region, which are associated with the resistance to certain bNAbs. We also solve a 4.1 Å cryo-EM structure of CRF01_AE Env in complex with F6, the first bNAb from CRF01_AE-infected individuals. F6 recognizes a gp120-gp41 spanning epitope to allosterically destabilize the Env trimer apex and weaken inter-protomer packing, which in turn hinders the receptor binding and induces Env trimer disassembly, demonstrating a dual mechanism of neutralization. These findings broaden our understanding of CRF Envs and shed lights on immunofocusing HIV-1 vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Niu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bing Meng
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xianfang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qilian Qi
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiangchao Xiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Bei Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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14
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Wang S, Matassoli F, Zhang B, Liu T, Shen CH, Bylund T, Johnston T, Henry AR, Teng IT, Tripathi P, Becker JE, Changela A, Chaudhary R, Cheng C, Gaudinski M, Gorman J, Harris DR, Lee M, Morano NC, Novik L, O'Dell S, Olia AS, Parchment DK, Rawi R, Roberts-Torres J, Stephens T, Tsybovsky Y, Wang D, Van Wazer DJ, Zhou T, Doria-Rose NA, Koup RA, Shapiro L, Douek DC, McDermott AB, Kwong PD. HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies elicited in humans by a prefusion-stabilized envelope trimer form a reproducible class targeting fusion peptide. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112755. [PMID: 37436899 PMCID: PMC10491024 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Elicitation of antibodies that neutralize the tier-2 neutralization-resistant isolates that typify HIV-1 transmission has been a long-sought goal. Success with prefusion-stabilized envelope trimers eliciting autologous neutralizing antibodies has been reported in multiple vaccine-test species, though not in humans. To investigate elicitation of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in humans, here, we analyze B cells from a phase I clinical trial of the "DS-SOSIP"-stabilized envelope trimer from strain BG505, identifying two antibodies, N751-2C06.01 and N751-2C09.01 (named for donor-lineage.clone), that neutralize the autologous tier-2 strain, BG505. Though derived from distinct lineages, these antibodies form a reproducible antibody class that targets the HIV-1 fusion peptide. Both antibodies are highly strain specific, which we attribute to their partial recognition of a BG505-specific glycan hole and to their binding requirements for a few BG505-specific residues. Prefusion-stabilized envelope trimers can thus elicit autologous tier-2 neutralizing antibodies in humans, with initially identified neutralizing antibodies recognizing the fusion-peptide site of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Flavio Matassoli
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tatsiana Bylund
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy Johnston
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jordan E Becker
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anita Changela
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ridhi Chaudhary
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin Gaudinski
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Darcy R Harris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas C Morano
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura Novik
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Danyi Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Van Wazer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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15
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Bauer A, Lindemuth E, Marino FE, Krause R, Joy J, Docken SS, Mallick S, McCormick K, Holt C, Georgiev I, Felber B, Keele BF, Veazey R, Davenport MP, Li H, Shaw GM, Bar KJ. Adaptation of a transmitted/founder simian-human immunodeficiency virus for enhanced replication in rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011059. [PMID: 37399208 PMCID: PMC10348547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmitted/founder (TF) simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) express HIV-1 envelopes modified at position 375 to efficiently infect rhesus macaques while preserving authentic HIV-1 Env biology. SHIV.C.CH505 is an extensively characterized virus encoding the TF HIV-1 Env CH505 mutated at position 375 shown to recapitulate key features of HIV-1 immunobiology, including CCR5-tropism, a tier 2 neutralization profile, reproducible early viral kinetics, and authentic immune responses. SHIV.C.CH505 is used frequently in nonhuman primate studies of HIV, but viral loads after months of infection are variable and typically lower than those in people living with HIV. We hypothesized that additional mutations besides Δ375 might further enhance virus fitness without compromising essential components of CH505 Env biology. From sequence analysis of SHIV.C.CH505-infected macaques across multiple experiments, we identified a signature of envelope mutations associated with higher viremia. We then used short-term in vivo mutational selection and competition to identify a minimally adapted SHIV.C.CH505 with just five amino acid changes that substantially improve virus replication fitness in macaques. Next, we validated the performance of the adapted SHIV in vitro and in vivo and identified the mechanistic contributions of selected mutations. In vitro, the adapted SHIV shows improved virus entry, enhanced replication on primary rhesus cells, and preserved neutralization profiles. In vivo, the minimally adapted virus rapidly outcompetes the parental SHIV with an estimated growth advantage of 0.14 days-1 and persists through suppressive antiretroviral therapy to rebound at treatment interruption. Here, we report the successful generation of a well-characterized, minimally adapted virus, termed SHIV.C.CH505.v2, with enhanced replication fitness and preserved native Env properties that can serve as a new reagent for NHP studies of HIV-1 transmission, pathogenesis, and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emily Lindemuth
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Francesco Elia Marino
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ryan Krause
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jaimy Joy
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Suvadip Mallick
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kevin McCormick
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Clinton Holt
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ivelin Georgiev
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Barbara Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ronald Veazey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George M. Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katharine J. Bar
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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16
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Petersen M, Lotke R, Hopfensperger K, Victoria S, Haußmann I, Burster T, Baldauf HM, Sauter D. Inhibition of Infectious HIV-1 Production by Rerouting the Cellular Furin Inhibitor Serpin B8. J Virol 2023; 97:e0029423. [PMID: 37272794 PMCID: PMC10308892 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00294-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serpins are a superfamily of proteins that regulate a variety of physiological processes by irreversibly inhibiting the enzymatic activity of different serine proteases. For example, Serpin Family B Member 8 (Serpin B8, also known as PI8 and CAP2) binds to and inhibits the proprotein convertase furin. Like many other viral pathogens, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exploits furin for the proteolytic activation of its envelope glycoprotein (Env). Since the furin inhibitor Serpin B8 is expressed in primary target cells of HIV-1 and induced under inflammatory conditions, we hypothesized that it might interfere with HIV-1 Env maturation and decrease infectivity of newly produced virions. Indeed, recombinant Serpin B8 reduced furin-mediated cleavage of an HIV-1 Env reporter substrate in vitro. However, Serpin B8 did not affect Env maturation or reduce HIV-1 particle infectivity when expressed in HIV-1-producing cells. Immunofluorescence imaging, dimerization assays and in silico sequence analyses revealed that Serpin B8 failed to inhibit intracellular furin since both proteins localized to different subcellular compartments. We therefore aimed at rendering Serpin B8 active against HIV-1 by relocalizing it to furin-containing secretory compartments. Indeed, the addition of a heterologous signal peptide conferred potent anti-HIV-1 activity to Serpin B8 and significantly decreased infectivity of newly produced viral particles. Thus, our findings demonstrate that subcellular relocalization of a cellular protease inhibitor can result in efficient inhibition of infectious HIV-1 production. IMPORTANCE Many cellular proteases serve as dependency factors during viral infection and are hijacked by viruses for the maturation of their own (glyco)proteins. Consequently, inhibition of these cellular proteases may represent a means to inhibit the spread of viral infection. For example, several studies have investigated the serine protease furin as a potential therapeutic target since this protease cleaves and activates several viral envelope proteins, including HIV-1 Env. Besides the development of small molecule inhibitors, cell-intrinsic protease inhibitors may also be exploited to advance current antiviral treatment approaches. Here, we show that Serpin B8, an endogenous furin inhibitor, can inhibit HIV-1 Env maturation and efficiently reduce infectious HIV-1 production when rerouted to the secretory pathway. The results of our study not only provide important insights into the biology of Serpins, but also show how protein engineering of an endogenous furin inhibitor can render it active against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Petersen
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rishikesh Lotke
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Hopfensperger
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Victoria
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabell Haußmann
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timo Burster
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Hanna-Mari Baldauf
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Zhou R, Zhang S, Nguyen HT, Ding H, Gaffney A, Kappes JC, Smith AB, Sodroski JG. Conformations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoproteins in Detergents and Styrene-Maleic Acid Lipid Particles. J Virol 2023; 97:e0032723. [PMID: 37255444 PMCID: PMC10308955 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00327-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mature human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer, which consists of noncovalently associated gp120 exterior and gp41 transmembrane subunits, mediates virus entry into cells. The pretriggered (State-1) Env conformation is the major target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), whereas receptor-induced downstream Env conformations elicit immunodominant, poorly neutralizing antibody (pNAb) responses. To examine the contribution of membrane anchorage to the maintenance of the metastable pretriggered Env conformation, we compared wild-type and State-1-stabilized Envs solubilized in detergents or in styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymers. SMA directly incorporates membrane lipids and resident membrane proteins into lipid nanoparticles (styrene-maleic acid lipid particles [SMALPs]). The integrity of the Env trimer in SMALPs was maintained at both 4°C and room temperature. In contrast, Envs solubilized in Cymal-5, a nonionic detergent, were unstable at room temperature, although their stability was improved at 4°C and/or after incubation with the entry inhibitor BMS-806. Envs solubilized in ionic detergents were relatively unstable at either temperature. Comparison of Envs solubilized in Cymal-5 and SMA at 4°C revealed subtle differences in bNAb binding to the gp41 membrane-proximal external region, consistent with these distinct modes of Env solubilization. Otherwise, the antigenicity of the Cymal-5- and SMA-solubilized Envs was remarkably similar, both in the absence and in the presence of BMS-806. However, both solubilized Envs were recognized differently from the mature membrane Env by specific bNAbs and pNAbs. Thus, detergent-based and detergent-free solubilization at 4°C alters the pretriggered membrane Env conformation in consistent ways, suggesting that Env assumes default conformations when its association with the membrane is disrupted. IMPORTANCE The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoproteins (Envs) in the viral membrane mediate virus entry into the host cell and are targeted by neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection or vaccines. Detailed studies of membrane proteins rely on purification procedures that allow the proteins to maintain their natural conformation. In this study, we show that a styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer can extract HIV-1 Env from a membrane without the use of detergents. The Env in SMA is more stable at room temperature than Env in detergents. The purified Env in SMA maintains many but not all of the characteristics expected of the natural membrane Env. Our results underscore the importance of the membrane environment to the native conformation of HIV-1 Env. Purification methods that bypass the need for detergents could be useful tools for future studies of HIV-1 Env structure and its interaction with receptors and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Althea Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph G. Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Sastry M, Changela A, Gorman J, Xu K, Chuang GY, Shen CH, Cheng C, Geng H, O'Dell S, Ou L, Rawi R, Reveiz M, Stewart-Jones GBE, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhou T, Biju A, Chambers M, Chen X, Corrigan AR, Lin BC, Louder MK, McKee K, Nazzari AF, Olia AS, Parchment DK, Sarfo EK, Stephens T, Stuckey J, Tsybovsky Y, Verardi R, Wang Y, Zheng CY, Chen Y, Doria-Rose NA, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Diverse Murine Vaccinations Reveal Distinct Antibody Classes to Target Fusion Peptide and Variation in Peptide Length to Improve HIV Neutralization. J Virol 2023; 97:e0160422. [PMID: 37098956 PMCID: PMC10234334 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01604-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While neutralizing antibodies that target the HIV-1 fusion peptide have been elicited in mice by vaccination, antibodies reported thus far have been from only a single antibody class that could neutralize ~30% of HIV-1 strains. To explore the ability of the murine immune system to generate cross-clade neutralizing antibodies and to investigate how higher breadth and potency might be achieved, we tested 17 prime-boost regimens that utilized diverse fusion peptide-carrier conjugates and HIV-1 envelope trimers with different fusion peptides. We observed priming in mice with fusion peptide-carrier conjugates of variable peptide length to elicit higher neutralizing responses, a result we confirmed in guinea pigs. From vaccinated mice, we isolated 21 antibodies, belonging to 4 distinct classes of fusion peptide-directed antibodies capable of cross-clade neutralization. Top antibodies from each class collectively neutralized over 50% of a 208-strain panel. Structural analyses - both X-ray and cryo-EM - revealed each antibody class to recognize a distinct conformation of fusion peptide and to have a binding pocket capable of accommodating diverse fusion peptides. Murine vaccinations can thus elicit diverse neutralizing antibodies, and altering peptide length during prime can improve the elicitation of cross-clade responses targeting the fusion peptide site of HIV-1 vulnerability. IMPORTANCE The HIV-1 fusion peptide has been identified as a site for elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies, with prior studies demonstrating that priming with fusion peptide-based immunogens and boosting with soluble envelope (Env) trimers can elicit cross-clade HIV-1-neutralizing responses. To improve the neutralizing breadth and potency of fusion peptide-directed responses, we evaluated vaccine regimens that incorporated diverse fusion peptide-conjugates and Env trimers with variation in fusion peptide length and sequence. We found that variation in peptide length during prime elicits enhanced neutralizing responses in mice and guinea pigs. We identified vaccine-elicited murine monoclonal antibodies from distinct classes capable of cross-clade neutralization and of diverse fusion peptide recognition. Our findings lend insight into improved immunogens and regimens for HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita Changela
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mateo Reveiz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Chambers
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela R. Corrigan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bob C. Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Edward K. Sarfo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Stuckey
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiran Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng-Yan Zheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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Bale S, Yang L, Alirezaei M, Wilson R, Ota T, Doyle ED, Cottrell C, Guenaga J, Tran K, Li W, Stamatatos L, Nemazee D, Ward AB, Wyatt RT. Fusion of the molecular adjuvant C3d to cleavage-independent native-like HIV-1 Env trimers improves the elicited antibody response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180959. [PMID: 37283743 PMCID: PMC10239957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective HIV vaccine likely requires the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against multiple HIV-1 clades. The recently developed cleavage-independent native flexibly linked (NFL) envelope (Env) trimers exhibit well-ordered conformation and elicit autologous tier 2 NAbs in multiple animal models. Here, we investigated whether the fusion of molecular adjuvant C3d to the Env trimers can improve B- cell germinal center (GC) formation and antibody responses. To generate Env-C3d trimers, we performed a glycine-serine- based (G4S) flexible peptide linker screening and identified a linker range that allowed native folding. A 30-60- amino- acid- long linker facilitates Env-to-C3d association and achieves the secretion of well-ordered trimers and the structural integrity and functional integrity of Env and C3d. The fusion of C3d did not dramatically affect the antigenicity of the Env trimers and enhanced the ability of the Env trimers to engage and activate B cells in vitro. In mice, the fusion of C3d enhanced germinal center formation, the magnitude of Env-specific binding antibodies, and the avidity of the antibodies in the presence of an adjuvant. The Sigma Adjuvant System (SAS) did not affect the trimer integrity in vitro but contributed to altered immunogenicity in vivo, resulting in increased tier 1 neutralization, likely by increased exposure of variable region 3 (V3). Taken together, the results indicate that the fusion of the molecular adjuvant, C3d, to the Env trimers improves antibody responses and could be useful for Env-based vaccines against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar Bale
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lifei Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Alirezaei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard Wilson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Takayuki Ota
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Esmeralda D. Doyle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Javier Guenaga
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karen Tran
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard T. Wyatt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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20
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Boutin M, Medjahed H, Nayrac M, Lotke R, Gendron-Lepage G, Bourassa C, Sauter D, Richard J, Finzi A. Temsavir Modulates HIV-1 Envelope Conformation by Decreasing Its Proteolytic Cleavage. Viruses 2023; 15:1189. [PMID: 37243275 PMCID: PMC10221371 DOI: 10.3390/v15051189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) mediate viral entry and represent a target of choice for small molecule inhibitors. One of them, temsavir (BMS-626529) prevents the interaction of the host cell receptor CD4 with Env by binding the pocket under the β20-β21 loop of the Env subunit gp120. Along with its capacity to prevent viral entry, temsavir stabilizes Env in its "closed" conformation. We recently reported that temsavir affects glycosylation, proteolytic processing, and overall conformation of Env. Here, we extend these results to a panel of primary Envs and infectious molecular clones (IMCs), where we observe a heterogeneous impact on Env cleavage and conformation. Our results suggest that the effect of temsavir on Env conformation is associated with its capacity to decrease Env processing. Indeed, we found that the effect of temsavir on Env processing affects the recognition of HIV-1-infected cells by broadly neutralizing antibodies and correlates with their capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Halima Medjahed
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Manon Nayrac
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rishikesh Lotke
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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21
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Zhang YN, Paynter J, Antanasijevic A, Allen JD, Eldad M, Lee YZ, Copps J, Newby ML, He L, Chavez D, Frost P, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Lanford R, Chen C, Wilson IA, Crispin M, Ward AB, Zhu J. Single-component multilayered self-assembling protein nanoparticles presenting glycan-trimmed uncleaved prefusion optimized envelope trimmers as HIV-1 vaccine candidates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1985. [PMID: 37031217 PMCID: PMC10082823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncleaved prefusion-optimized (UFO) design can stabilize diverse HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs). Single-component, self-assembling protein nanoparticles (1c-SApNP) can display 8 or 20 native-like Env trimers as vaccine candidates. We characterize the biophysical, structural, and antigenic properties of 1c-SApNPs that present the BG505 UFO trimer with wildtype and modified glycans. For 1c-SApNPs, glycan trimming improves recognition of the CD4 binding site without affecting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to major glycan epitopes. In mice, rabbits, and nonhuman primates, glycan trimming increases the frequency of vaccine responders (FVR) and steers antibody responses away from immunodominant glycan holes and glycan patches. The mechanism of vaccine-induced immunity is examined in mice. Compared with the UFO trimer, the multilayered E2p and I3-01v9 1c-SApNPs show 420 times longer retention in lymph node follicles, 20-32 times greater presentation on follicular dendritic cell dendrites, and up-to-4 times stronger germinal center reactions. These findings can inform future HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Paynter
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mor Eldad
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey Copps
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maddy L Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Linling He
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Deborah Chavez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Pat Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Robert Lanford
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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22
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Bibollet-Ruche F, Russell RM, Ding W, Liu W, Li Y, Wagh K, Wrapp D, Habib R, Skelly AN, Roark RS, Sherrill-Mix S, Wang S, Rando J, Lindemuth E, Cruickshank K, Park Y, Baum R, Carey JW, Connell AJ, Li H, Giorgi EE, Song GS, Ding S, Finzi A, Newman A, Hernandez GE, Machiele E, Cain DW, Mansouri K, Lewis MG, Montefiori DC, Wiehe KJ, Alam SM, Teng IT, Kwong PD, Andrabi R, Verkoczy L, Burton DR, Korber BT, Saunders KO, Haynes BF, Edwards RJ, Shaw GM, Hahn BH. A Germline-Targeting Chimpanzee SIV Envelope Glycoprotein Elicits a New Class of V2-Apex Directed Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies. mBio 2023; 14:e0337022. [PMID: 36629414 PMCID: PMC9973348 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03370-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 and its SIV precursors share a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) epitope in variable loop 2 (V2) at the envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer apex. Here, we tested the immunogenicity of germ line-targeting versions of a chimpanzee SIV (SIVcpz) Env in human V2-apex bNAb heavy-chain precursor-expressing knock-in mice and as chimeric simian-chimpanzee immunodeficiency viruses (SCIVs) in rhesus macaques (RMs). Trimer immunization of knock-in mice induced V2-directed NAbs, indicating activation of V2-apex bNAb precursor-expressing mouse B cells. SCIV infection of RMs elicited high-titer viremia, potent autologous tier 2 neutralizing antibodies, and rapid sequence escape in the canonical V2-apex epitope. Six of seven animals also developed low-titer heterologous plasma breadth that mapped to the V2-apex. Antibody cloning from two of these animals identified multiple expanded lineages with long heavy chain third complementarity determining regions that cross-neutralized as many as 7 of 19 primary HIV-1 strains, but with low potency. Negative stain electron microscopy (NSEM) of members of the two most cross-reactive lineages confirmed V2 targeting but identified an angle of approach distinct from prototypical V2-apex bNAbs, with antibody binding either requiring or inducing an occluded-open trimer. Probing with conformation-sensitive, nonneutralizing antibodies revealed that SCIV-expressed, but not wild-type SIVcpz Envs, as well as a subset of primary HIV-1 Envs, preferentially adopted a more open trimeric state. These results reveal the existence of a cryptic V2 epitope that is exposed in occluded-open SIVcpz and HIV-1 Env trimers and elicits cross-neutralizing responses of limited breadth and potency. IMPORTANCE An effective HIV-1 vaccination strategy will need to stimulate rare precursor B cells of multiple bNAb lineages and affinity mature them along desired pathways. Here, we searched for V2-apex germ line-targeting Envs among a large set of diverse primate lentiviruses and identified minimally modified versions of one chimpanzee SIV Env that bound several human V2-apex bNAb precursors and stimulated one of these in a V2-apex bNAb precursor-expressing knock-in mouse. We also generated chimeric simian-chimpanzee immunodeficiency viruses and showed that they elicit low-titer V2-directed heterologous plasma breadth in six of seven infected rhesus macaques. Characterization of this antibody response identified a new class of weakly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies that target the V2-apex, but only in occluded-open Env trimers. The existence of this cryptic epitope, which in some Env backgrounds is immunodominant, needs to be considered in immunogen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Bibollet-Ruche
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronnie M. Russell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenge Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rumi Habib
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashwin N. Skelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan S. Roark
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott Sherrill-Mix
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juliette Rando
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Lindemuth
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kendra Cruickshank
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Younghoon Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel Baum
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John W. Carey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Jesse Connell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena E. Giorgi
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ge S. Song
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Newman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giovanna E. Hernandez
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Machiele
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Derek W. Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin J. Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raiees Andrabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laurent Verkoczy
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bette T. Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - George M. Shaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Bell BN, Bruun TUJ, Friedland N, Kim PS. HIV-1 prehairpin intermediate inhibitors show efficacy independent of neutralization tier. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215792120. [PMID: 36795752 PMCID: PMC9974412 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215792120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 strains are categorized into one of three neutralization tiers based on the relative ease by which they are neutralized by plasma from HIV-1-infected donors not on antiretroviral therapy; tier-1 strains are particularly sensitive to neutralization while tier-2 and tier-3 strains are increasingly difficult to neutralize. Most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) previously described target the native prefusion conformation of HIV-1 Envelope (Env), but the relevance of the tiered categories for inhibitors targeting another Env conformation, the prehairpin intermediate, is not well understood. Here, we show that two inhibitors targeting distinct highly conserved regions of the prehairpin intermediate have strikingly consistent neutralization potencies (within ~100-fold for a given inhibitor) against strains in all three neutralization tiers of HIV-1; in contrast, best-in-class bnAbs targeting diverse Env epitopes vary by more than 10,000-fold in potency against these strains. Our results indicate that antisera-based HIV-1 neutralization tiers are not relevant for inhibitors targeting the prehairpin intermediate and highlight the potential for therapies and vaccine efforts targeting this conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Theodora U. J. Bruun
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Natalia Friedland
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Peter S. Kim
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA94158
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24
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Melzi E, Willis JR, Ma KM, Lin YC, Kratochvil S, Berndsen ZT, Landais EA, Kalyuzhniy O, Nair U, Warner J, Steichen JM, Kalyuzhniy A, Le A, Pecetta S, Perez M, Kirsch K, Weldon SR, Falcone S, Himansu S, Carfi A, Sok D, Ward AB, Schief WR, Batista FD. Membrane-bound mRNA immunogens lower the threshold to activate HIV Env V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing B cell precursors in humanized mice. Immunity 2022; 55:2168-2186.e6. [PMID: 36179690 PMCID: PMC9671093 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is the core of HIV vaccine design. bnAbs specific to the V2-apex region of the HIV envelope acquire breadth and potency with modest somatic hypermutation, making them attractive vaccination targets. To evaluate Apex germline-targeting (ApexGT) vaccine candidates, we engineered knockin (KI) mouse models expressing the germline B cell receptor (BCR) of the bnAb PCT64. We found that high affinity of the ApexGT immunogen for PCT64-germline BCRs was necessary to specifically activate KI B cells at human physiological frequencies, recruit them to germinal centers, and select for mature bnAb mutations. Relative to protein, mRNA-encoded membrane-bound ApexGT immunization significantly increased activation and recruitment of PCT64 precursors to germinal centers and lowered their affinity threshold. We have thus developed additional models for HIV vaccine research, validated ApexGT immunogens for priming V2-apex bnAb precursors, and identified mRNA-LNP as a suitable approach to substantially improve the B cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Melzi
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jordan R Willis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Krystal M Ma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ying-Cing Lin
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zachary T Berndsen
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elise A Landais
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Usha Nair
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Warner
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jon M Steichen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anton Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amber Le
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simone Pecetta
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Manfredo Perez
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kathrin Kirsch
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Facundo D Batista
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Willis JR, Berndsen ZT, Ma KM, Steichen JM, Schiffner T, Landais E, Liguori A, Kalyuzhniy O, Allen JD, Baboo S, Omorodion O, Diedrich JK, Hu X, Georgeson E, Phelps N, Eskandarzadeh S, Groschel B, Kubitz M, Adachi Y, Mullin TM, Alavi NB, Falcone S, Himansu S, Carfi A, Wilson IA, Yates JR, Paulson JC, Crispin M, Ward AB, Schief WR. Human immunoglobulin repertoire analysis guides design of vaccine priming immunogens targeting HIV V2-apex broadly neutralizing antibody precursors. Immunity 2022; 55:2149-2167.e9. [PMID: 36179689 PMCID: PMC9671094 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to the HIV envelope (Env) V2-apex region are important leads for HIV vaccine design. Most V2-apex bnAbs engage Env with an uncommonly long heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3), suggesting that the rarity of bnAb precursors poses a challenge for vaccine priming. We created precursor sequence definitions for V2-apex HCDR3-dependent bnAbs and searched for related precursors in human antibody heavy-chain ultradeep sequencing data from 14 HIV-unexposed donors. We found potential precursors in a majority of donors for only two long-HCDR3 V2-apex bnAbs, PCT64 and PG9, identifying these bnAbs as priority vaccine targets. We then engineered ApexGT Env trimers that bound inferred germlines for PCT64 and PG9 and had higher affinities for bnAbs, determined cryo-EM structures of ApexGT trimers complexed with inferred-germline and bnAb forms of PCT64 and PG9, and developed an mRNA-encoded cell-surface ApexGT trimer. These methods and immunogens have promise to assist HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Willis
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zachary T Berndsen
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Krystal M Ma
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jon M Steichen
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elise Landais
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sabyasachi Baboo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi Omorodion
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Xiaozhen Hu
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicole Phelps
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Saman Eskandarzadeh
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tina-Marie Mullin
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nushin B Alavi
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ian A Wilson
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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26
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Welbourn S, Chakraborty S, Yang JE, Gleinich AS, Gangadhara S, Khan S, Ferrebee C, Yagnik B, Burton S, Charles T, Smith SA, Williams D, Mopuri R, Upadhyay AA, Thompson J, Price MA, Wang S, Qin Z, Shen X, Williams LD, Eisel N, Peters T, Zhang L, Kilembe W, Karita E, Tomaras GD, Bosinger SE, Amara RR, Azadi P, Wright ER, Gnanakaran S, Derdeyn CA. A neutralizing antibody target in early HIV-1 infection was recapitulated in rhesus macaques immunized with the transmitted/founder envelope sequence. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010488. [PMID: 35503780 PMCID: PMC9106183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs) from infected individuals that developed neutralization breadth are likely to possess inherent features desirable for vaccine immunogen design. To explore this premise, we conducted an immunization study in rhesus macaques (RM) using T/F Env sequences from two human subjects, one of whom developed potent and broad neutralizing antibodies (Z1800M) while the other developed little to no neutralizing antibody responses (R66M) during HIV-1 infection. Using a DNA/MVA/protein immunization protocol, 10 RM were immunized with each T/F Env. Within each T/F Env group, the protein boosts were administered as either monomeric gp120 or stabilized trimeric gp140 protein. All vaccination regimens elicited high titers of antigen-specific IgG, and two animals that received monomeric Z1800M Env gp120 developed autologous neutralizing activity. Using early Env escape variants isolated from subject Z1800M as guides, the serum neutralizing activity of the two immunized RM was found to be dependent on the gp120 V5 region. Interestingly, the exact same residues of V5 were also targeted by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nmAb) isolated from the subject Z1800M early in infection. Glycan profiling and computational modeling of the Z1800M Env gp120 immunogen provided further evidence that the V5 loop is exposed in this T/F Env and was a dominant feature that drove neutralizing antibody targeting during infection and immunization. An expanded B cell clonotype was isolated from one of the neutralization-positive RM and nmAbs corresponding to this group demonstrated V5-dependent neutralization similar to both the RM serum and the human Z1800M nmAb. The results demonstrate that neutralizing antibody responses elicited by the Z1800M T/F Env in RM converged with those in the HIV-1 infected human subject, illustrating the potential of using immunogens based on this or other T/F Envs with well-defined immunogenicity as a starting point to drive breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Welbourn
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Srirupa Chakraborty
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jie E. Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anne S. Gleinich
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Salar Khan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Courtney Ferrebee
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bhrugu Yagnik
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Samantha Burton
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tysheena Charles
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - S. Abigail Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Danielle Williams
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rohini Mopuri
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Justin Thompson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matt A. Price
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York city, New York, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - LaTonya D. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nathan Eisel
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Peters
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William Kilembe
- Center for Family Health Research in Zambia (CFHRZ), Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rama R. Amara
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sandrasegaram Gnanakaran
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Gao N, Gai Y, Meng L, Wang C, Wang W, Li X, Gu T, Louder MK, Doria‐Rose NA, Wiehe K, Nazzari AF, Olia AS, Gorman J, Rawi R, Wu W, Smith C, Khant H, de Val N, Yu B, Luo J, Niu H, Tsybovsky Y, Liao H, Kepler TB, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Qin C, Zhou T, Yu X, Gao F. Development of Neutralization Breadth against Diverse HIV-1 by Increasing Ab-Ag Interface on V2. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200063. [PMID: 35319830 PMCID: PMC9130890 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding maturation pathways of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 can be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine development. A lineage of J038 bnAbs is now obtained from a long-term SHIV-infected macaque. J038 neutralizes 54% of global circulating HIV-1 strains. Its binding induces a unique "up" conformation for one of the V2 loops in the trimeric envelope glycoprotein and is heavily dependent on glycan, which provides nearly half of the binding surface. Their unmutated common ancestor neutralizes the autologous virus. Continuous maturation enhances neutralization potency and breadth of J038 lineage antibodies via expanding antibody-Env contact areas surrounding the core region contacted by germline-encoded residues. Developmental details and recognition features of J038 lineage antibodies revealed here provide a new pathway for elicitation and maturation of V2-targeting bnAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province130012China
| | - Yanxin Gai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province130012China
| | - Lina Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province130012China
| | - Chu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province130012China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100021China
- Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Tiejun Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province130012China
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria‐Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke University Human Vaccine InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Alexandra F. Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Wenmin Wu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchLeidos Biomedical Research Inc.FrederickMD21701USA
| | - Clayton Smith
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchLeidos Biomedical Research Inc.FrederickMD21701USA
| | - Htet Khant
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchLeidos Biomedical Research Inc.FrederickMD21701USA
| | - Natalia de Val
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchLeidos Biomedical Research Inc.FrederickMD21701USA
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province130012China
| | - Junhong Luo
- Institute of Molecular and Medical Virology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong Province510632China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Institute of Molecular and Medical Virology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong Province510632China
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchLeidos Biomedical Research Inc.FrederickMD21701USA
| | - Huaxin Liao
- Institute of Molecular and Medical Virology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong Province510632China
| | | | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100021China
- Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province130012China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province130012China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province130012China
- Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
- Institute of Molecular and Medical Virology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong Province510632China
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28
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Abstract
The HIV Env glycoprotein is the surface glycoprotein responsible for viral entry into CD4+ immune cells. During infection, Env also serves as a primary target for antibody responses, which are robust but unable to control virus replication. Immune evasion by HIV-1 Env appears to employ complex mechanisms to regulate what antigenic states are presented to the immune system. Immunodominant features appear to be distinct from epitopes that interfere with Env functions in mediating infection. Further, cell-cell transmission studies indicate that vulnerable conformational states are additionally hidden from recognition on infected cells, even though the presence of Env at the cell surface is required for viral infection through the virological synapse. Cell-cell infection studies support that Env on infected cells is presented in distinct conformations from that on virus particles. Here we review data regarding the regulation of conformational states of Env and assess how regulated sorting of Env within the infected cell may underlie mechanisms to distinguish Env on the surface of virus particles versus Env on the surface of infected cells. These mechanisms may allow infected cells to avoid opsonization, providing cell-to-cell infection by HIV with a selective advantage during evolution within an infected individual. Understanding how distinct Env conformations are presented on cells versus viruses may be essential to designing effective vaccine approaches and therapeutic strategies to clear infected cell reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongru Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Talia H. Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin K. Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Jiang S, Tuzikov A, Andrianov A. Small-molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors targeting the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:757-773. [PMID: 35353988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy currently used for HIV/AIDS has significantly increased the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals. It has also improved the quality of life, reduced mortality, and decreased the incidence of AIDS and HIV-related conditions. Currently, however, affected individuals are typically on a lifetime course of several therapeutic drugs, all with the potential for associated toxicity and emergence of resistance. This calls for development of novel, potent, and broad anti-HIV agents able to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS. Significant progress has been made toward identification of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). However, antibody-based drugs are costly to produce and store. Administration (by injection only) and other obstacles limit clinical use. In recent years, several highly promising small-molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors targeting the epitopes of bNAbs have been developed. These newly developed compounds are the focus of the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Alexander Tuzikov
- United Institute of Informatics Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220012 Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Alexander Andrianov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
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Derking R, Sanders RW. Structure-guided envelope trimer design in HIV-1 vaccine development: a narrative review. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24 Suppl 7:e25797. [PMID: 34806305 PMCID: PMC8606863 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) vaccine remains a formidable challenge. An effective vaccine likely requires the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which likely involves the use of native-like HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimers at some or all stages of vaccination. Development of such trimers has been very difficult, but much progress has been made in the past decade, starting with the BG505 SOSIP trimer, elucidation of its atomic structure and implementing subsequent design iterations. This progress facilitated understanding the weaknesses of the Env trimer, fuelled structure-guided HIV-1 vaccine design and assisted in the development of new vaccine designs. This review summarizes the relevant literature focusing on studies using structural biology to reveal and define HIV-1 Env sites of vulnerability; to improve Env trimers, by creating more stable versions; understanding antibody responses in preclinical vaccination studies at the atomic level; understanding the glycan shield; and to improve "on-target" antibody responses versus "off-target" responses. METHODS The authors conducted a narrative review of recently published articles that made a major contribution to HIV-1 structural biology and vaccine design efforts between the years 2000 and 2021. DISCUSSION The field of structural biology is evolving at an unprecedented pace, where cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography provide complementary information. Resolving protein structures is necessary for defining which Env surfaces are accessible for the immune system and can be targeted by neutralizing antibodies. Recently developed techniques, such as electron microscopy-based polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM) are revolutionizing the way we are analysing immune responses and shed light on the immunodominant targets on new vaccine immunogens. Such information accelerates iterative vaccine design; for example, by reducing undesirable off-target responses, while improving immunogens to drive the more desirable on-target responses. CONCLUSIONS Resolving high-resolution structures of the HIV-1 Env trimer was instrumental in understanding and improving recombinant HIV-1 Env trimers that mimic the structure of viral HIV-1 Env spikes. Newly emerging techniques in structural biology are aiding vaccine design efforts and improving immunogens. The role of structural biology in HIV-1 vaccine design has indeed become very prominent and is unlikely to diminish any time soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Derking
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteAmsterdam UMC, AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteAmsterdam UMC, AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Marichannegowda MH, Mengual M, Kumar A, Giorgi EE, Tu JJ, Martinez DR, Romero-Severson EO, Li X, Feng L, Permar SR, Gao F. Different evolutionary pathways of HIV-1 between fetus and mother perinatal transmission pairs indicate unique immune selection in fetuses. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100315. [PMID: 34337555 PMCID: PMC8324465 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Study of evolution and selection pressure on HIV-1 in fetuses will lead to a better understanding of the role of immune responses in shaping virus evolution and vertical transmission. Detailed genetic analyses of HIV-1 env gene from 12 in utero transmission pairs show that most infections (67%) occur within 2 months of childbirth. In addition, the env sequences from long-term-infected fetuses are highly divergent and form separate phylogenetic lineages from their cognate maternal viruses. Host-selection sites unique to neonate viruses are identified in regions frequently targeted by neutralizing antibodies and T cell immune responses. Identification of unique selection sites in the env gene of fetal viruses indicates that the immune system in fetuses is capable of exerting selection pressure on viral evolution. Studying selection and evolution of HIV-1 or other viruses in fetuses can be an alternative approach to investigate adaptive immunity in fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Mengual
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Elena E. Giorgi
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Joshua J. Tu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David R. Martinez
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Spencer DA, Shapiro MB, Haigwood NL, Hessell AJ. Advancing HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies: From Discovery to the Clinic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:690017. [PMID: 34123998 PMCID: PMC8187619 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.690017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in confronting the global HIV-1 epidemic since its inception in the 1980s, better approaches for both treatment and prevention will be necessary to end the epidemic and remain a top public health priority. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been effective in extending lives, but at a cost of lifelong adherence to treatment. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are directed to conserved regions of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer (Env) and can block infection if present at the time of viral exposure. The therapeutic application of bNAbs holds great promise, and progress is being made toward their development for widespread clinical use. Compared to the current standard of care of small molecule-based ART, bNAbs offer: (1) reduced toxicity; (2) the advantages of extended half-lives that would bypass daily dosing requirements; and (3) the potential to incorporate a wider immune response through Fc signaling. Recent advances in discovery technology can enable system-wide mining of the immunoglobulin repertoire and will continue to accelerate isolation of next generation potent bNAbs. Passive transfer studies in pre-clinical models and clinical trials have demonstrated the utility of bNAbs in blocking or limiting transmission and achieving viral suppression. These studies have helped to define the window of opportunity for optimal intervention to achieve viral clearance, either using bNAbs alone or in combination with ART. None of these advances with bNAbs would be possible without technological advancements and expanding the cohorts of donor participation. Together these elements fueled the remarkable growth in bNAb development. Here, we review the development of bNAbs as therapies for HIV-1, exploring advances in discovery, insights from animal models and early clinical trials, and innovations to optimize their clinical potential through efforts to extend half-life, maximize the contribution of Fc effector functions, preclude escape through multiepitope targeting, and the potential for sustained delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Spencer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Mariya B. Shapiro
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nancy L. Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
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Schneck NA, Vinitsky AL, Ivleva VB, Wang X, Gowetski DB, Lei QP. Development of a RPLC-UV method for monitoring uncleaved HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. Anal Methods 2021; 13:2183-2188. [PMID: 33954330 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the HIV-1 vaccine design efforts has focused on developing a recombinant HIV-1 trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) as an immunogen to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. A native-like immunogen, the BG505.DS.SOSIP.664 gp140 (Env) construct has been well-characterized as a vaccine candidate. This vaccine candidate comprises of three identical gp120 and truncated gp41 subunits that form into a trimer of heterodimers. During production, recombinant Env is expressed as a gp140 precursor polypeptide in which a furin cleavable site is engineered to generate a heterodimer of gp120 and gp41 subunits. Each heterodimer is connected by an intermolecular disulfide bond, and three heterodimers form into a trimer. Furin cleavage is an important factor to mimic native-like HIV-1 Env conformations and is needed to help induce an immune response. Therefore, it is critical to monitor cleavage for ensuring functionality of the Env vaccine product. In this paper, a new RPLC-UV method coupled with reduction was developed to routinely determine the percentage of uncleaved gp140 relative to the cleaved gp120 and gp41 subunits. Baseline separation was achieved among the gp120, gp41 and uncleaved gp140 peaks, thus enabling relative quantification of uncleaved gp140. Overall, this RPLC-UV approach has been successfully applied to support Env vaccine candidate developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Schneck
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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Dhande JR, Saikia K, Singh DP, Bagul RD, Kulkarni SS, Ghate MV, Thakar MR. Higher frequencies of functional HIV-envelope-specific memory B cells are associated with nonprogressive HIV infection in Indian population. AIDS 2020; 34:1603-1608. [PMID: 32769762 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The HIV-1-specific antibodies are being considered for prevention and therapy in HIV infection. For effective antibody response, presence of functionally competent memory B cells (MEBs) is important; however, HIV-infection is known to alter the B-cell functionality. Very limited data are available on the HIV-specific memory B-cell population in HIV-infected Indian population. METHODS In this study, the frequencies of HIV-gp140-specific MEBs were measured in individuals with nonprogressive [long-term-nonprogressors (LTNPs), N = 20] and progressive (N = 19) HIV infection using multicolor flow cytometry. The activation and functional status of these MEBs were assessed as frequencies and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the CD38 and CD40 expression, respectively. RESULTS The percentages of gp140 + MEBs were higher in LTNPs than seen in progressors (P = 0.0475) and associated with higher CD4 cell count (P = 0.0312, r = 0.2833). As compared with the progressors, LTNPs also showed higher functional (CD40+) gp140 + MEBs both frequencies (P < 0.0001) and CD40 MFI (P = 0.0222), whereas the frequencies (<0.0001) and the MFI (P = 0.0047) of CD38 expression was significantly lower. Higher CD4 cell counts and lower plasma viral load values were associated with higher frequencies of CD40+ gp140 + MEBs (P < 0.0001, r = 0.4962) (P = 0.0036, r = -0.4202) and lower frequencies (P = 0.0008, r = -0.4231) and CD38 expression (MFI) (P = 0.004, r = -0.3719) (P = 0.0066, r = 0.4033). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that LTNPs have functional HIV-specific memory B-cell compartment with reduced activation that may lead to effective HIV-specific humoral immune responses contributing to their nondisease progression status. These findings would help in better understanding of the characteristics of the HIV-specific memory B-cell population in nonprogressive HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree R Dhande
- Department of Immunology and Serology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Bauer AM, Ziani W, Lindemuth E, Kuri-Cervantes L, Li H, Lee FH, Watkins M, Ding W, Xu H, Veazey R, Bar KJ. Novel Transmitted/Founder Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Viruses for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Latency and Cure Research. J Virol 2020; 94:e01659-19. [PMID: 31969435 PMCID: PMC7108852 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01659-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-macaque model of latency is critical to investigate eradicative and suppressive strategies that target HIV-1 Env. To this end, we previously reported a novel strategy for constructing SHIVs that bear primary or transmitted/founder (TF) Envs with modifications at Env residue 375 that enable efficient replication in Indian rhesus macaques (RM). Such TF SHIVs, however, have not been examined for their suitability for HIV-1 latency and cure research. Here, we evaluate two promising TF SHIVs, SHIV.D.191859 and SHIV.C.CH848, which encode TF subtype D and C HIV-1 Envs, respectively, for their viral kinetics and persistence during suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and treatment interruption in RM. Our results suggest that the viral kinetics of these SHIVs in RM during acute, early, and chronic infection, and upon cART initiation, maintenance and discontinuation, mirror those of HIV-1 infection. We demonstrate consistent early peak and set point viremia, rapid declines in viremia to undetectable plasma titers following cART initiation, infection of long-lived cellular subsets and establishment of viral latency, and viral rebound with return to pretreatment set point viremia following treatment interruption. The viral dynamics and reservoir biology of SHIV.D.191859, and to a lesser extent SHIV.C.CH848, during chronic infection, cART administration, and upon treatment interruption suggest that these TF SHIVs are promising reagents for a SHIV model of HIV-1 latency and cure.IMPORTANCE Simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) have been successfully used for over 2 decades to study virus-host interactions, transmission, and pathogenesis in rhesus macaques. The majority of Env trimers of most previously studied SHIVs, however, do not recapitulate key properties of transmitted/founder (TF) or primary HIV-1 isolates, such as CCR5 tropism, tier 2 neutralization resistance, and native trimer conformation. Here, we test two recently generated TF SHIVs, SHIV.D.191859 and SHIV.C.CH848, which were designed to address these issues as components of a nonhuman primate model of HIV-1 latency. We conclude that the TF SHIV-macaque model reflects several hallmarks of HIV and SIV infection and latency. Results suggest that this model has broad applications for evaluating eradicative and suppressive strategies against the HIV reservoir, including Env-specific interventions, therapeutic vaccines, and engineered T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya M Bauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Widade Ziani
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Emily Lindemuth
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fang-Hua Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meagan Watkins
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Wenge Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Huanbin Xu
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ronald Veazey
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Katharine J Bar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan H Barouch
- From the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and the Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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Wilson KA, Maerz AL, Bär S, Drummer HE, Poumbourios P. An N-terminal glycine-rich sequence contributes to retrovirus trimer of hairpins stability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359:1037-43. [PMID: 17577584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral transmembrane proteins (TMs) contain a glycine-rich segment linking the N-terminal fusion peptide and coiled coil core. Previously, we reported that the glycine-rich segment (Met-326-Ser-337) of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) TM, gp21, is a determinant of membrane fusion function [K.A. Wilson, S. Bär, A.L. Maerz, M. Alizon, P. Poumbourios, The conserved glycine-rich segment linking the N-terminal fusion peptide to the coiled coil of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein gp21 is a determinant of membrane fusion function, J. Virol. 79 (2005) 4533-4539]. Here we show that the reduced fusion activity of an I334A mutant correlated with a decrease in stability of the gp21 trimer of hairpins conformation, in the context of a maltose-binding protein-gp21 chimera. The stabilizing influence of Ile-334 required the C-terminal membrane-proximal sequence Trp-431-Ser-436. Proline substitution of four of five Gly residues altered gp21 trimer of hairpins stability. Our data indicate that flexibility within and hydrophobic interactions mediated by this region are determinants of gp21 stability and membrane fusion function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirilee A Wilson
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, VIC 3065, Australia
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Derby NR, Gray S, Wayner E, Campogan D, Vlahogiannis G, Kraft Z, Barnett SW, Srivastava IK, Stamatatos L. Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies elicited by trimeric HIV-1 Env gp140 protein immunogens. Virology 2007; 366:433-45. [PMID: 17560621 PMCID: PMC2048818 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eleven anti-HIV Env monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were isolated from mice immunized with soluble Env proteins derived from the clade B Env, SF162, or DeltaV2 (a derivative of SF162 lacking the V2 loop). All six anti-gp120 MAbs studied, neutralized SF162 and their activities were dependent by the glycosylation patterns of the V1, V2 or V3 loops. Only one anti-gp120 MAb (an anti-V3 MAb) displayed cross-neutralizing activity, which was influenced by the type of V1 loop present on the target heterologous viruses. None of the five anti-gp41 MAbs studied displayed anti-SF162 neutralizing activity. Our studies indicate that the current limitation of soluble HIV Env gp140 immunogens to elicit robust cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses is not only due to the elicitation of high titers of homologous antibodies but also due to the elicitation of antibodies whose epitopes are naturally occluded, or not present, on the virion-associated Env.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina R. Derby
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Sean Gray
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Elizabeth Wayner
- Antibody Development Laboratory, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Dwayne Campogan
- Antibody Development Laboratory, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Giorgos Vlahogiannis
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece 68100
| | - Zane Kraft
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Susan W. Barnett
- Vaccines Research, Novartis Vaccine & Diagnostic, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | | | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- *Corresponding author: Leonidas Stamatatos, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109; Tel: 206-256-7200; FAX: 206-256-7229;
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Iyer SPN, Franti M, Krauchuk AA, Fisch DN, Ouattara AA, Roux KH, Krawiec L, Dey AK, Beddows S, Maddon PJ, Moore JP, Olson WC. Purified, proteolytically mature HIV type 1 SOSIP gp140 envelope trimers. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007; 23:817-28. [PMID: 17604546 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2006.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV type 1 (HIV-1) envelope is a noncovalent trimer of gp120-gp41 heterodimers, and its lability has hindered structural studies. SOSIP gp140 is a soluble, proteolytically mature form of the HIV-1 envelope wherein gp120-gp41 interactions are stabilized via a disulfide bond and gp41 contains an additional trimer-stabilizing point mutation. We describe the isolation of a substantially pure preparation of SOSIP gp140 trimers derived from KNH1144, a subtype A isolate. Following initial purification, the only significant contaminant was higher-order gp140 aggregates; however, 0.05% Tween 20 quantitatively converted these aggregates into trimers. The surfactant effect was rapid, dose dependent, and similarly effective for a subtype B SOSIP gp140. Surfactant-treated SOSIP gp140 retained favorable antigenicity and formed compact trimers 12-13 nm in size as determined by electron microscopy. This report provides the first description of homogeneous, cleaved HIV-1 envelope trimers. These proteins may be useful as vaccine immunogens and for studying structure-function relationships within the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins.
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Zhang PF, Cham F, Dong M, Choudhary A, Bouma P, Zhang Z, Shao Y, Feng YR, Wang L, Mathy N, Voss G, Broder CC, Quinnan GV. Extensively cross-reactive anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies induced by gp140 immunization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:10193-8. [PMID: 17540729 PMCID: PMC1885220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608635104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunization regimen was evaluated in rabbits consisting of the soluble, oligomeric form of envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, strain R2 (gp140(R2)), or the surface component of the same envelope (Env), gp120(R2), in the adjuvant AS02A. The gp140(R2) was selected based on its unusual CD4-independent phenotype and the exceptionally broad neutralizing response in the infected donor. The gp140(R2) immunogen induced antibodies that achieved 50% neutralization of 48/48, and 80% neutralization of 43/46 primary strains of diverse HIV-1 subtypes tested. The strains tested included members of standard panels of subtype B and C strains, and other diverse strains known to be neutralization resistant. The gp120(R2) induced antibodies that neutralized 9/48 of the same strains. Neutralization was IgG-mediated and HIV-1-specific. These results demonstrate that induction of truly broad spectrum neutralizing antibodies is an achievable goal in HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatim Cham
- Departments of *Preventive Medicine and Biometrics and
| | - Ming Dong
- Departments of *Preventive Medicine and Biometrics and
| | - Anil Choudhary
- Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Peter Bouma
- Departments of *Preventive Medicine and Biometrics and
| | | | - Yiming Shao
- China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan-Ru Feng
- Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Lemin Wang
- Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Nathalie Mathy
- GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium; and
| | - Gerald Voss
- GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium; and
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Gerald V. Quinnan
- Departments of *Preventive Medicine and Biometrics and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814. E-mail:
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Yu JS, Peacock JW, Jacobs WR, Frothingham R, Letvin NL, Liao HX, Haynes BF. Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin elicits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-specific T lymphocytes at mucosal sites. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:886-93. [PMID: 17507541 PMCID: PMC1951062 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00407-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A successful vaccine vector for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) should induce anti-HIV-1 T-cell immune responses at mucosal sites. We have constructed recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) expressing an HIV-1 group M consensus envelope (Env) either as a surface, intracellular, or secreted protein as an immunogen. rBCG containing HIV-1 env plasmids engineered for secretion induced optimal Env-specific T-cell gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot responses in murine spleen, female reproductive tract, and lungs. While rBCG-induced T-cell responses to HIV-1 envelope in spleen were lower than those induced by adenovirus prime/recombinant vaccinia virus (rAd-rVV) boost, rBCG induced comparable responses to rAd-rVV immunization in the female reproductive tract and lungs. T-cell responses induced by rBCG were primarily CD4(+), although rBCG alone did not induce anti-HIV-1 antibody. However, rBCG could prime for a protein boost by HIV-1 envelope protein. Thus, rBCG can serve as a vector for induction of anti-HIV-1 consensus Env cellular responses at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yu
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 , USA
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Duong YT, Meadows DC, Srivastava IK, Gervay-Hague J, North TW. Direct inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by a novel small-molecule entry inhibitor, DCM205. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1780-6. [PMID: 17307982 PMCID: PMC1855571 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01001-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 40 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is an urgent need to develop drugs that can be used in the form of a topical microbicide to prevent infection through sexual transmission. DCM205 is a recently discovered small-molecule inhibitor of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) that is able to directly inactivate HIV-1 in the absence of a cellular target. DCM205 is active against CXCR4-, CCR5-, and dual-tropic laboratory-adapted and primary strains of HIV-1. DCM205 binds to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, and competition studies map the DCM205 binding at or near the V3 loop of gp120. Binding to this site interferes with the soluble CD4 interaction. With its ability to disable the virus particle, DCM205 represents a promising new class of HIV entry inhibitor that can be used as a strategy in the prevention of HIV-1/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T Duong
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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43
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Choudhry V, Zhang MY, Sidorov IA, Louise JM, Harris I, Dimitrov AS, Bouma P, Cham F, Choudhary A, Rybak SM, Fouts T, Montefiori DC, Broder CC, Quinnan GV, Dimitrov DS. Cross-reactive HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies selected by screening of an immune human phage library against an envelope glycoprotein (gp140) isolated from a patient (R2) with broadly HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies. Virology 2007; 363:79-90. [PMID: 17306322 PMCID: PMC2696119 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2006] [Revised: 10/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Elicitation of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (bcnAbs) in HIV infections is rare. To test the hypothesis that such antibodies could be elicited by HIV envelope glycoproteins (Envs) with unusual immunogenic properties and to identify novel bcnAbs, we used a soluble Env ectodomain (gp140) from a donor (R2) with high level of bcnAbs as an antigen for panning of an immune phage-displayed antibody library. The panning with the R2 Env resulted in significantly higher number of cross-reactive antibody clones than by using Envs from two other isolates (89.6 and IIIB). Two of the identified human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs), m22 and m24, had sequences, neutralizing and binding activities similar or identical to those of the gp120-specific bcnAbs m18 and m14. The use of the R2 Env but not other Envs for panning resulted in the identification of a novel gp41-specific hmAb, m46. For several of the tested HIV-1 primary isolates its potency on molar basis was comparable to that of T20. It inhibited entry of primary isolates from different clades with an increased activity for cell lines with low CCR5 surface concentrations. The m46 neutralizing activity against a panel of clade C isolates was significantly higher in an assay based on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (4 out of 5 isolates were neutralized with an IC(50) in the range from 1.5 to 25 microg/ml) than in an assay based on a cell line with relatively high concentration of cell-surface-associated CCR5. In contrast to 2F5 and Z13, this antibody did not bind to denatured gp140 and gp41-derived peptides indicating a conformational nature of its epitope. It bound to a 5-helix bundle but not to N-heptad repeat coiled coils and a 6-helix bundle construct indicating contribution of both gp41 heptad repeats to its epitope and to a possible mechanism of neutralization. These results indicate that the R2 Env may contain unique exposed conserved epitopes that could contribute to its ability to elicit broadly cross-reactive antibodies in animals and humans; the newly identified antibodies may help in the development of novel vaccine immunogens and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidita Choudhry
- Protein Interactions Group, CCRNP, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Mei-Yun Zhang
- Protein Interactions Group, CCRNP, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
- BRP, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Igor A. Sidorov
- Protein Interactions Group, CCRNP, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - John M. Louise
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ilia Harris
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD 21227
| | - Antony S. Dimitrov
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD 21227
| | - Peter Bouma
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Fatim Cham
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Anil Choudhary
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Susanna M. Rybak
- Biological Testing Branch, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Timothy Fouts
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD 21227
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Gerald V. Quinnan
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Protein Interactions Group, CCRNP, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dimiter S. Dimitrov, CCRNP, CCR, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Bldg 469, Rm 105, P.O. Box B, Miller Drive, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, Phone: 301-846-1352, FAX: 301-846-5598, e-mail:
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44
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Billington J, Hickling TP, Munro GH, Halai C, Chung R, Dodson GG, Daniels RS. Stability of a receptor-binding active human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant gp140 trimer conferred by intermonomer disulfide bonding of the V3 loop: differential effects of protein disulfide isomerase on CD4 and coreceptor binding. J Virol 2007; 81:4604-14. [PMID: 17301129 PMCID: PMC1900172 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02138-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable trimeric forms of human immunodeficiency virus recombinant gp140 (rgp140) are important templates for determining the structure of the glycoprotein to assist in our understanding of HIV infection and host immune response. Such information will aid the design of therapeutic drugs and vaccines. Here, we report the production of a highly stable and trimeric rgp140 derived from a HIV type 1 (HIV-1) subtype D isolate that may be suitable for structural studies. The rgp140 is functional in terms of binding to CD4 and three human monoclonal antibodies (17b, b12, and 2G12) that have broad neutralizing activities against a range of HIV-1 isolates from different subtypes. Treatment of rgp140 with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) severely restricted 17b binding capabilities. The stable nature of the rgp140 was due to the lack of processing at the gp120/41 boundary and the presence of an intermonomer disulfide bond formed by the cysteines of the V3 loop. Further characterization showed the intermonomer disulfide bond to be a target for PDI processing. The relevance of these findings to the roles of the V3 domain and the timing of PDI action during the HIV infection process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Billington
- Virology Division, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
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45
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Aline F, Brand D, Bout D, Pierre J, Fouquenet D, Verrier B, Dimier-Poisson I. Generation of specific Th1 and CD8+ T-cell responses by immunization with mouse CD8+ dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 viral lysate or envelope glycoproteins. Microbes Infect 2007; 9:536-43. [PMID: 17350307 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) can be used to elicit optimal immune responses. We developed the SRDC cell line, with a morphology, phenotype and activity similar to mouse splenic CD4(-)CD8alpha(+)CD205(+)CD11b(-) dendritic cells, which induce a polarized Th1 immune response. We evaluated the ability of SRDCs pulsed with HIV-1 viral lysate, oligomeric soluble gp140 or capsid p24 to induce specific antibody and T-cell responses in CBA/J mice. Immunization with all loaded SRDCs elicited antibody responses against the antigens tested. However, only HIV-1 viral lysate and gp140-pulsed SRDCs elicited specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses. These findings demonstrate the value of well characterized DC lines for optimizing the antigen-loading mixture, according to the DC population targeted. Our data suggest that splenic DCs pulsed with complex antigens, such as HIV-1 viral lysate or oligomeric soluble gp140, could be used as vaccines, eliciting strong primary Th1-polarized and humoral immune responses against HIV proteins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Aline
- Université François Rabelais, INRA, UMR 0483 Université-INRA d'Immunologie Parasitaire et Vaccinologie, IFR Agents transmissibles en Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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46
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Sheppard NC, Davies SL, Jeffs SA, Vieira SM, Sattentau QJ. Production and characterization of high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins in a mouse model expressing human immunoglobulins. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2006; 14:157-67. [PMID: 17167037 PMCID: PMC1797789 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00274-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human (Hu) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins (Env) are useful tools in the structural and functional analysis of Env, are under development both as potential prophylaxis and as therapy for established HIV-1 infection, and have crucial roles in guiding the design of preventative vaccines. Despite representing more than 50% of infections globally, no MAbs have been generated in any species against C clade HIV-1 Env. To generate HuMAbs to a novel Chinese C clade Env vaccine candidate (primary isolate strain HIV-1(97CN54)), we used BAB5 mice that express a human immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody repertoire in place of endogenous murine immunoglobulins. When immunized with HIV-1(97CN54) Env, these mice developed antigen-specific IgM antibodies. Hybridoma fusions using splenocytes from these mice enabled the isolation of two Env-specific IgM HuMAbs: N3C5 and N03B11. N3C5 bound to HIV-1 Env from clades A and C, whereas N03B11 bound two geographically distant clade C isolates but not Env from other clades. These HuMAbs bind conformational epitopes within the immunodominant region of the gp41 ectodomain. N3C5 weakly neutralized the autologous isolate in the absence of complement and weakly enhanced infection in the presence of complement. N03B11 has no effect on infectivity in either the presence or the absence of complement. These novel HuMAbs are useful reagents for the study of HIV-1 Env relevant to the global pandemic, and mice producing human immunoglobulin present a tool for the production of such antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Sheppard
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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47
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Zidovec Lepej S, Kosor E, Gagro A, Vince A, Remenar A, Poljak M. Persistant immunodominant anti-gag SLYNTVATL responses in HIV-patients with up to 7 years of HAART. Coll Antropol 2006; 30 Suppl 2:33-8. [PMID: 17508471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed Gag-specific CD8+ T-cells in HIV-patients on long-term HAART and in untreated chronically-infected patients by using iTAg MHC class I tetramers (HLA-A*0201) specific for SLYNTVATL. Gag SLYNTVATL-specific CD8+ T-cells were detectable in 18 of 26 treated patients (median 5.2 years of HAART) and in 10 of 14 untreated patients. Median percentage of Gag SLYNTVATL-specific CD8+ T-cells in treated patients was 0.10 (range 0.00-0.70%). Median number of Gag SLYNTVATL-specific CD8+ T-cells per 50,000 CD8+ T-cells was 56.0 cells (range 2.0-344.0 cells) and was not significantly different compared with untreated patients (p = 0.978). Numbers of Gag SLYNTVATL-specific CD8+ T-cells were inversely correlated with the duration of undetectable plasma viremia (p = 0.02, Rho = -0.430). Chronically-infected HIV-patients on HAART (for up to 7.7 years) maintained a stable subpopulation of Gag SLYNTVATL-specific CD8+ T-cells. This finding is relevant for the analysis of treatment-induced immune reconstitution and, possibly, for future therapeutic strategies in HIV-disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Zidovec Lepej
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics and Cellular Immunology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Dr. Fran Mihaljević, Zagreb, Croatia.
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48
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Ondondo BO, Yang H, Dong T, di Gleria K, Suttill A, Conlon C, Brown D, Williams P, Rowland-Jones SL, Hanke T, McMichael AJ, Dorrell L. Immunisation with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing HIV-1 gag in HIV-1-infected subjects stimulates broad functional CD4+ T cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:2585-94. [PMID: 17013989 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Virus-specific CD4+ T cells with IL-2-secreting and/or proliferative capacity are detected readily in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors and rarely in persons with untreated progressive infection. The contribution of these cells to viraemia control is uncertain, but this question might be addressed in clinical therapeutic vaccination studies. However, the quality of T helper responses induced by currently available HIV-1 vaccine candidates has not been explored in depth. We determined the effect of vaccination with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing HIV-1 gag p24/p17 (MVA.HIVA) on HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses in 16 chronically infected, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated subjects using CD8-depleted IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays, intracellular cytokine staining assays for IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and a CFSE-based proliferation assay. Gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses were significantly increased in magnitude and breadth after vaccination and targeted both known and new epitopes, several of which were also recognised by healthy HIV-uninfected volunteers immunised with the same vaccines. The frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma, alone or simultaneously, were also augmented. These findings indicate that functional virus-specific T helper cells can be boosted by vaccination in chronic HIV-1 infection. Further evaluation of their role in viraemia control is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice O Ondondo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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49
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Beddows S, Franti M, Dey AK, Kirschner M, Iyer SPN, Fisch DC, Ketas T, Yuste E, Desrosiers RC, Klasse PJ, Maddon PJ, Olson WC, Moore JP. A comparative immunogenicity study in rabbits of disulfide-stabilized, proteolytically cleaved, soluble trimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp140, trimeric cleavage-defective gp140 and monomeric gp120. Virology 2006; 360:329-40. [PMID: 17126869 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) surface envelope glycoprotein (Env) complex, a homotrimer containing gp120 surface glycoprotein and gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein subunits, mediates the binding and fusion of the virus with susceptible target cells. The Env complex is the target for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and is the basis for vaccines intended to induce NAbs. Early generation vaccines based on monomeric gp120 subunits did not confer protection from infection; one alternative approach is therefore to make and evaluate soluble forms of the trimeric Env complex. We have directly compared the immunogenicity in rabbits of two forms of soluble trimeric Env and monomeric gp120 based on the sequence of HIV-1(JR-FL). Both protein-only and DNA-prime, protein-boost immunization formats were evaluated, DNA-priming having little or no influence on the outcome. One form of trimeric Env was made by disrupting the gp120-gp41 cleavage site by mutagenesis (gp140(UNC)), the other contains an intramolecular disulfide bond to stabilize the cleaved gp120 and gp41 moieties (SOSIP.R6 gp140). Among the three immunogens, SOSIP.R6 gp140 most frequently elicited neutralizing antibodies against the homologous, neutralization-resistant strain, HIV-1(JR-FL). All three proteins induced NAbs against more sensitive strains, but the breadth of activity against heterologous primary isolates was limited. When antibodies able to neutralize HIV-1(JR-FL) were detected, antigen depletion studies showed they were not directed at the V3 region but were targeted at other, undefined gp120 and also non-gp120 epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Beddows
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, Room W-805, New York, NY 10021, USA
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50
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Catanzaro AT, Koup RA, Roederer M, Bailer RT, Enama ME, Moodie Z, Gu L, Martin JE, Novik L, Chakrabarti BK, Butman BT, Gall JGD, King CR, Andrews CA, Sheets R, Gomez PL, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ, Graham BS. Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity evaluation of a multiclade HIV-1 candidate vaccine delivered by a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus vector. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:1638-49. [PMID: 17109335 PMCID: PMC2428071 DOI: 10.1086/509258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is a high global priority. Here, we report the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vector HIV-1 candidate vaccine. METHODS The vaccine is a mixture of 4 rAd5 vectors that express HIV-1 subtype B Gag-Pol fusion protein and envelope (Env) from subtypes A, B, and C. Healthy, uninfected adults were randomized to receive 1 intramuscular injection of placebo (n=6) or vaccine at dose levels of 10(9) (n=10), 10(10) (n=10), or 10(11) (n=10) particle units and were followed for 24 weeks to assess immunogenicity and safety. RESULTS The vaccine was well tolerated but was associated with more reactogenicity at the highest dose. At week 4, vaccine antigen-specific T cell responses were detected in 28 (93.3%) and 18 (60%) of 30 vaccine recipients for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively, by intracellular cytokine staining assay and in 22 (73%) of 30 vaccine recipients by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Env-specific antibody responses were detected in 15 (50%) of 30 vaccine recipients by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and in 28 (93.3%) of 30 vaccine recipients by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting. No neutralizing antibody was detected. CONCLUSIONS A single injection induced HIV-1 antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell, CD8(+) T cell, and antibody responses in the majority of vaccine recipients. This multiclade rAd5 HIV-1 vaccine is now being evaluated in combination with a multiclade HIV-1 DNA plasmid vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/adverse effects
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibody Specificity
- Blotting, Western
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cytokines/analysis
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Double-Blind Method
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Fusion Proteins, gag-pol/immunology
- Gene Products, env/immunology
- Genetic Vectors
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV-1/immunology
- Humans
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Male
- Nausea/etiology
- Recombination, Genetic
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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