1
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Mooney B, Negri GL, Shyp T, Delaidelli A, Zhang HF, Spencer Miko SE, Weiner AK, Radaoui AB, Shraim R, Lizardo MM, Hughes CS, Li A, El-Naggar AM, Rouleau M, Li W, Dimitrov DS, Kurmasheva RT, Houghton PJ, Diskin SJ, Maris JM, Morin GB, Sorensen PH. Surface and Global Proteome Analyses Identify ENPP1 and Other Surface Proteins as Actionable Immunotherapeutic Targets in Ewing Sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1022-1037. [PMID: 37812652 PMCID: PMC10905525 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ewing sarcoma is the second most common bone sarcoma in children, with 1 case per 1.5 million in the United States. Although the survival rate of patients diagnosed with localized disease is approximately 70%, this decreases to approximately 30% for patients with metastatic disease and only approximately 10% for treatment-refractory disease, which have not changed for decades. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for metastatic and refractory Ewing sarcoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This study analyzed 19 unique Ewing sarcoma patient- or cell line-derived xenografts (from 14 primary and 5 metastatic specimens) using proteomics to identify surface proteins for potential immunotherapeutic targeting. Plasma membranes were enriched using density gradient ultracentrifugation and compared with a reference standard of 12 immortalized non-Ewing sarcoma cell lines prepared in a similar manner. In parallel, global proteome analysis was carried out on each model to complement the surfaceome data. All models were analyzed by Tandem Mass Tags-based mass spectrometry to quantify identified proteins. RESULTS The surfaceome and global proteome analyses identified 1,131 and 1,030 annotated surface proteins, respectively. Among surface proteins identified, both approaches identified known Ewing sarcoma-associated proteins, including IL1RAP, CD99, STEAP1, and ADGRG2, and many new cell surface targets, including ENPP1 and CDH11. Robust staining of ENPP1 was demonstrated in Ewing sarcoma tumors compared with other childhood sarcomas and normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive proteomic characterization of the Ewing sarcoma surfaceome provides a rich resource of surface-expressed proteins in Ewing sarcoma. This dataset provides the preclinical justification for exploration of targets such as ENPP1 for potential immunotherapeutic application in Ewing sarcoma. See related commentary by Bailey, p. 934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mooney
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Taras Shyp
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sandra E. Spencer Miko
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amber K. Weiner
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander B. Radaoui
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rawan Shraim
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael M. Lizardo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher S. Hughes
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amal M. El-Naggar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melanie Rouleau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Raushan T. Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter J. Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sharon J. Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregg B. Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Poul H. Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Feng Y, Lee J, Yang L, Hilton MB, Morris K, Seaman S, Edupuganti VVSR, Hsu KS, Dower C, Yu G, So D, Bajgain P, Zhu Z, Dimitrov DS, Patel NL, Robinson CM, Difilippantonio S, Dyba M, Corbel A, Basuli F, Swenson RE, Kalen JD, Suthe SR, Hussain M, Italia JS, Souders CA, Gao L, Schnermann MJ, St Croix B. Engineering CD276/B7-H3-targeted antibody-drug conjugates with enhanced cancer-eradicating capability. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113503. [PMID: 38019654 PMCID: PMC10872261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD276/B7-H3 represents a promising target for cancer therapy based on widespread overexpression in both cancer cells and tumor-associated stroma. In previous preclinical studies, CD276 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) exploiting a talirine-type pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) payload showed potent activity against various solid tumors but with a narrow therapeutic index and dosing regimen higher than that tolerated in clinical trials using other antibody-talirine conjugates. Here, we describe the development of a modified talirine PBD-based fully human CD276 ADC, called m276-SL-PBD, that is cross-species (human/mouse) reactive and can eradicate large 500-1,000-mm3 triple-negative breast cancer xenografts at doses 10- to 40-fold lower than the maximum tolerated dose. By combining CD276 targeting with judicious genetic and chemical ADC engineering, improved ADC purification, and payload sensitivity screening, these studies demonstrate that the therapeutic index of ADCs can be substantially increased, providing an advanced ADC development platform for potent and selective targeting of multiple solid tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Liping Yang
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mary Beth Hilton
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Karen Morris
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steven Seaman
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Kuo-Sheng Hsu
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher Dower
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Guojun Yu
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daeho So
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Pradip Bajgain
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nimit L Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, FNLCR, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christina M Robinson
- Animal Research Technical Support, FNLCR, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Animal Research Technical Support, FNLCR, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marzena Dyba
- Biophysics Resource in the Center for Structural Biology, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Corbel
- Invention Development Program, Technology Transfer Center, NCI, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Joseph D Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, FNLCR, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ling Gao
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Organic Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brad St Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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3
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Sun Z, Chu X, Adams C, Ilina TV, Guerrero M, Lin G, Chen C, Jelev D, Ishima R, Li W, Mellors JW, Calero G, Dimitrov DS. Preclinical assessment of a novel human antibody VH domain targeting mesothelin as an antibody-drug conjugate. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100726. [PMID: 37771390 PMCID: PMC10522976 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) has been a validated tumor-associated antigen target for several solid tumors for over a decade, making it an attractive option for therapeutic interventions. Novel antibodies with high affinity and better therapeutic properties are needed. In the current study, we have isolated and characterized a novel heavy chain variable (VH) domain 3C9 from a large-size human immunoglobulin VH domain library. 3C9 exhibited high affinity (KD [dissociation constant] <3 nM) and binding specificity in a membrane proteome array (MPA). In a mouse xenograft model, 3C9 fused to human IgG1 Fc was detected at tumor sites as early as 8 h post-infusion and remained at the site for over 10 days. Furthermore, 3C9 fused to a human Fc domain drug conjugate effectively inhibited MSLN-positive tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. The X-ray crystal structure of full-length MSLN in complex with 3C9 reveals interaction of the 3C9 domains with two distinctive residue patches on the MSLN surface. This newly discovered VH antibody domain has a high potential as a therapeutic candidate for MSLN-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Sun
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiaojie Chu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cynthia Adams
- Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Tatiana V. Ilina
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Michel Guerrero
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Guowu Lin
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dontcho Jelev
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rieko Ishima
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John W. Mellors
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Guillermo Calero
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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4
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Sun Z, Jaswal AP, Chu X, Rajkumar H, Cortez AG, Edinger R, Rose M, Josefsson A, Bhise A, Huang Z, Ishima R, Mellors JW, Dimitrov DS, Li W, Nedrow JR. Assessment of Novel Mesothelin-Specific Human Antibody Domain VH-Fc Fusion Proteins-Based PET Agents. ACS Omega 2023; 8:43586-43595. [PMID: 38027361 PMCID: PMC10666227 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor-associated antigen found in a variety of cancers and is a target for imaging and therapeutic applications in MSLN-expressing tumors. We have developed high affinity anti-MSLN human VH domain antibodies, providing alternative targeting vectors to conventional IgG antibodies that are associated with long-circulating half-lives and poor penetration of tumors, limiting antitumor activity in clinical trials. Based on two newly identified anti-MSLN VH binders (3C9, 2A10), we generated VH-Fc fusion proteins and modified them for zirconium-89 radiolabeling to create anti-MSLN VH-Fc PET tracers. The focus of this study was to assess the ability of PET-imaging to compare the in vivo performance of anti-MSLN VH-Fc fusion proteins (2A10, 3C9) targeting different epitopes of MSLN vs IgG1 (m912; a clinical benchmark antibody with an overlapped epitope as 2A10) for PET imaging in a mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC). The anti-MSLN VH-Fc fusion proteins were successfully modified and radiolabeled with zirconium-89. The resulting MSLN-targeted PET-imaging agents demonstrated specific uptake in the MSLN-expressing HCT116 tumors. The in vivo performance of the MSLN-targeted PET-imaging agents utilizing VH-Fc showed more rapid and greater accumulation and deeper penetration within the tumor than the full-length IgG1 m912-based PET-imaging agent. Furthermore, PET imaging allowed us to compare the pharmacokinetics of epitope-specific VH domain-based PET tracers. Overall, these data are encouraging for the incorporation of PET imaging to assess modified VH domain structures to develop novel anti-MSLN VH domain-based therapeutics in MSLN-positive cancers as well as their companion PET imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Sun
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ambika P. Jaswal
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Xiaojie Chu
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Harikrishnan Rajkumar
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Angel G. Cortez
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Robert Edinger
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Max Rose
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anders Josefsson
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Abhinav Bhise
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Rieko Ishima
- Department
of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - John W Mellors
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jessie R. Nedrow
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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5
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Yarmarkovich M, Marshall QF, Warrington JM, Premaratne R, Farrel A, Groff D, Li W, di Marco M, Runbeck E, Truong H, Toor JS, Tripathi S, Nguyen S, Shen H, Noel T, Church NL, Weiner A, Kendsersky N, Martinez D, Weisberg R, Christie M, Eisenlohr L, Bosse KR, Dimitrov DS, Stevanovic S, Sgourakis NG, Kiefel BR, Maris JM. Retraction Note: Cross-HLA targeting of intracellular oncoproteins with peptide-centric CARs. Nature 2023; 623:872. [PMID: 37938785 PMCID: PMC10665177 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarmarkovich
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Quinlen F Marshall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Warrington
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Erin Runbeck
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hau Truong
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jugmohit S Toor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helena Shen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Noel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amber Weiner
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Weisberg
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly Christie
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurence Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolaos G Sgourakis
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Yarmarkovich M, Marshall QF, Warrington JM, Premaratne R, Farrel A, Groff D, Li W, di Marco M, Runbeck E, Truong H, Toor JS, Tripathi S, Nguyen S, Shen H, Noel T, Church NL, Weiner A, Kendsersky N, Martinez D, Weisberg R, Christie M, Eisenlohr L, Bosse KR, Dimitrov DS, Stevanovic S, Sgourakis NG, Kiefel BR, Maris JM. Targeting of intracellular oncoproteins with peptide-centric CARs. Nature 2023; 623:820-827. [PMID: 37938771 PMCID: PMC10665195 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of oncogenic drivers are intracellular proteins, constraining their immunotherapeutic targeting to mutated peptides (neoantigens) presented by individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes1. However, most cancers have a modest mutational burden that is insufficient for generating responses using neoantigen-based therapies2,3. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer that harbours few mutations and is instead driven by epigenetically deregulated transcriptional networks4. Here we show that the neuroblastoma immunopeptidome is enriched with peptides derived from proteins essential for tumorigenesis. We focused on targeting the unmutated peptide QYNPIRTTF discovered on HLA-A*24:02, which is derived from the neuroblastoma-dependency gene and master transcriptional regulator PHOX2B. To target QYNPIRTTF, we developed peptide-centric chimeric antigen receptors (PC-CARs) through a counter panning strategy using predicted potentially cross-reactive peptides. We further proposed that PC-CARs can recognize peptides on additional HLA allotypes when presenting a similar overall molecular surface. Informed by our computational modelling results, we show that PHOX2B PC-CARs also recognize QYNPIRTTF presented by HLA-A*23:01, the most common non-A2 allele in people with African ancestry. Finally, we demonstrate potent and specific killing of neuroblastoma cells expressing these HLAs in vitro and complete tumour regression in mice. These data suggest that PC-CARs have the potential to expand the pool of immunotherapeutic targets to include non-immunogenic intracellular oncoproteins and allow targeting through additional HLA allotypes in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarmarkovich
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Quinlen F Marshall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Warrington
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Erin Runbeck
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hau Truong
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jugmohit S Toor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helena Shen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Noel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amber Weiner
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Weisberg
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly Christie
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurence Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolaos G Sgourakis
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Tian M, Wei JS, Shivaprasad N, Highfill SL, Gryder BE, Milewski D, Brown GT, Moses L, Song H, Wu JT, Azorsa P, Kumar J, Schneider D, Chou HC, Song YK, Rahmy A, Masih KE, Kim YY, Belyea B, Linardic CM, Dropulic B, Sullivan PM, Sorensen PH, Dimitrov DS, Maris JM, Mackall CL, Orentas RJ, Cheuk AT, Khan J. Preclinical development of a chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy targeting FGFR4 in rhabdomyosarcoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101212. [PMID: 37774704 PMCID: PMC10591056 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have dismal cure rates, and effective therapy is urgently needed. The oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is highly expressed in RMS and lowly expressed in healthy tissues. Here, we describe a second-generation FGFR4-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), based on an anti-human FGFR4-specific murine monoclonal antibody 3A11, as an adoptive T cell treatment for RMS. The 3A11 CAR T cells induced robust cytokine production and cytotoxicity against RMS cell lines in vitro. In contrast, a panel of healthy human primary cells failed to activate 3A11 CAR T cells, confirming the selectivity of 3A11 CAR T cells against tumors with high FGFR4 expression. Finally, we demonstrate that 3A11 CAR T cells are persistent in vivo and can effectively eliminate RMS tumors in two metastatic and two orthotopic models. Therefore, our study credentials CAR T cell therapy targeting FGFR4 to treat patients with RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Tian
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun S Wei
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nityashree Shivaprasad
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven L Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Berkley E Gryder
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Milewski
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - G Tom Brown
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Larry Moses
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hannah Song
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jerry T Wu
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Azorsa
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeetendra Kumar
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dina Schneider
- Lentigen Corporation, Miltenyi Bioindustry, 1201 Clopper Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Hsien-Chao Chou
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young K Song
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Rahmy
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine E Masih
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Yong Yean Kim
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian Belyea
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Boro Dropulic
- Caring Cross, 708 Quince Orchard Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Peter M Sullivan
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1100 Olive Way, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rimas J Orentas
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1100 Olive Way, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Adam T Cheuk
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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8
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Chu X, Li W, Hines MG, Lyakhov I, Mellors JW, Dimitrov DS. Human antibody V H domains targeting uPAR as candidate therapeutics for cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1194972. [PMID: 37876962 PMCID: PMC10593477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1194972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The high expression of uPAR has been linked to tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis in several types of cancer. Such overexpression of uPAR makes it a potential target for immunotherapies across common cancers such as breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian cancer, and melanoma. In our study, two high-affinity and specific human VH domain antibody candidates, designed as clones 3 and 115, were isolated from a phage-displayed human VH antibody library. Domain-based bispecific T- cell engagers (DbTE) based on these two antibodies exhibited potent killing of uPAR-positive cancer cells. Thus, these two anti-uPAR domain antibodies are promising candidates for treating uPAR positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Margaret G. Hines
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - John W. Mellors
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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9
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Zhao Q, Li W, Dimitrov DS. Editorial: Therapeutic antibody domains against cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1274911. [PMID: 37700833 PMCID: PMC10495220 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1274911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Saha N, Baek DS, Mendoza RP, Robev D, Xu Y, Goldgur Y, De La Cruz MJ, de Stanchina E, Janes PW, Xu K, Dimitrov DS, Nikolov DB. Fully human monoclonal antibody targeting activated ADAM10 on colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114494. [PMID: 36917886 PMCID: PMC10499537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer are mediated by certain poorly differentiated cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells, that are maintained by Notch downstream signaling initiated upon Notch cleavage by the metalloprotease ADAM10. It has been shown that ADAM10 overexpression correlates with aberrant signaling from Notch, erbBs, and other receptors, as well as a more aggressive metastatic phenotype, in a range of cancers including colon, gastric, prostate, breast, ovarian, uterine, and leukemia. ADAM10 inhibition, therefore, stands out as an important and new approach to deter the progression of advanced CRC. For targeting the ADAM10 substrate-binding region, which is located outside of the catalytic domain of the protease, we generated a human anti-ADAM10 monoclonal antibody named 1H5. Structural and functional characterization of 1H5 reveals that it binds to the substrate-binding cysteine-rich domain and recognizes an activated ADAM10 conformation present on tumor cells. The mAb inhibits Notch cleavage and proliferation of colon cancer cell lines in vitro and in mouse models. Consistent with its binding to activated ADAM10, the mAb augments the catalytic activity of ADAM10 towards small peptide substrates in vitro. Most importantly, in a mouse model of colon cancer, when administered in combination with the therapeutic agent Irinotecan, 1H5 causes highly effective tumor growth inhibition without any discernible toxicity effects. Our singular approach to target the ADAM10 substrate-binding region with therapeutic antibodies could overcome the shortcomings of previous intervention strategies of targeting the protease active site with small molecule inhibitors that exhibit musculoskeletal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanendu Saha
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Du-San Baek
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Rachelle P Mendoza
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Dorothea Robev
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Yehuda Goldgur
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - M Jason De La Cruz
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Peter W Janes
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Dimitar B Nikolov
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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11
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Chu X, Li W, Hines MG, Lyakhov I, Mellors JW, Dimitrov DS. Human Antibody V H Domains Targeting GPNMB and VCAM-1 as Candidate Therapeutics for Cancers. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2754-2760. [PMID: 37067377 PMCID: PMC10155206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The elevated expression of GPNMB and VCAM-1 has been observed in many cancers including breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancers. Such overexpression of GPNMB and VCAM-1 has been associated with poor prognosis and increased cancer metastasis. Thus, GPNMB and VCAM-1 are potential targets for immunotherapies across multiple cancers. In this study, two high-affinity specific human VH domain antibody candidates, 87 (GPNMB) and 1B2 (VCAM-1), were isolated from our in-house proprietary phage-displayed human VH antibody domain libraries. The avidity was increased after conversion to VH-Fc. Domain-based bispecific T-cell engagers (DbTE) based on these two antibodies combined with the anti-CD3ε OKT3 antibody exhibited potent killing against GPNMB and VCAM-1-positive cancer cells, respectively. Hence, these two domain antibodies are promising therapeutic candidates for cancers expressing GPNMB or VCAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Margaret G Hines
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ilya Lyakhov
- Comp IL, LLC, Carnegie, Pennsylvania 15106, United States
| | - John W Mellors
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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12
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Chen C, Wang Z, Sun Z, Li W, Dimitrov DS. Development of an efficient method for selection of stable cell pools for protein expression and surface display with Expi293F cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:355-364. [PMID: 36864545 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Compare with transient expression, stable cell lines generally have higher productivity and better quality for protein expression. However, selection of stable cell line is time-consuming and laborious. Here we describe an optimized selection method to achieve high-efficient stable cell pools with Expi293F suspension cells. This method only takes 2-3 weeks to generate stable cell pools with 2- to 10-fold higher productivity than transient gene expression (TGE). In fed-batch culture with Yeastolate, >1 g/L yield was achieved with our KTN0239-IgG stable cell pool in shaker flasks. This method can be also applied to efficiently display proteins on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zening Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zehua Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Luo W, Zhang HF, Hoang H, Chu Y, Ayello J, Li W, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Lizardo MM, Rouleau M, Dimitrov DS, Lee DA, Sorensen PH, Cairo MS. Anti-IL1RAP Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified Ex-Vivo Expanded TGF-Beta Imprinted Natural Killer Cells Against Ewing Sarcoma. Transplant Cell Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-6367(23)00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Chu X, Baek DS, Li W, Shyp T, Mooney B, Hines MG, Morin GB, Sorensen PH, Dimitrov DS. Human antibodies targeting ENPP1 as candidate therapeutics for cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1070492. [PMID: 36761762 PMCID: PMC9905232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1070492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in many tissues. High expression levels of ENPP1 have been observed in many cancer types such as lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. Such overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis in these diseases. Hence, ENPP1 is a potential target for immunotherapy across multiple cancers. Here, we isolated and characterized two high-affinity and specific anti-ENPP1 Fab antibody candidates, 17 and 3G12, from large phage-displayed human Fab libraries. After conversion to IgG1, the binding of both antibodies increased significantly due to avidity effects. Based on these antibodies, we generated antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), IgG-based bispecific T-cell engagers (IbTEs), and CAR T-cells which all exhibited potent killing of ENPP1-expressing cells. Thus, these various antibody-derived modalities are promising therapeutic candidates for cancers expressing human ENPP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Du-San Baek
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Taras Shyp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Mooney
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margaret G Hines
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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15
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Kim YJ, Li W, Zhelev DV, Mellors JW, Dimitrov DS, Baek DS. Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells are effective against CEACAM5 expressing non-small cell lung cancer cells resistant to antibody-drug conjugates. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124039. [PMID: 36923424 PMCID: PMC10010383 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising therapeutic strategies in oncology. The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) is overexpressed in tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and is an attractive target for therapies based on CAR-T cell or/and ADCs. We previously developed a highly specific antibody-based CAR-T cells targeting CEACAM5 and the tumoricidal effect of CAR-T cells was proved against neuro-endocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) cells expressing CEACAM5. Here, we compare the anti-tumor efficacy of our CAR-T cells with that of an anti-CEACAM5 ADC being clinically evaluated against NSCLC. Our anti-CEACAM5 CAR-T cells showed cytotoxicity in a CEACAM5 surface concentration dependent manner and reduced tumor growth in both ADC-responsive and -non-responsive CEACAM5-expressing NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the ADC exhibited cytotoxicity independent on the CEACAM5 cell surface concentration. Even though clinical translation of CEACAM5 targeting CAR-T cell therapies is still in preclinical stage, our CAR-T cell approach could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for CEACAM5-positive cancer patients with resistance to ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Kim
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John W Mellors
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Du-San Baek
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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16
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Pascual-Pasto G, McIntyre B, Shraim R, Buongervino SN, Erbe AK, Zhelev DV, Sadirova S, Giudice AM, Martinez D, Garcia-Gerique L, Dimitrov DS, Sondel PM, Bosse KR. GPC2 antibody-drug conjugate reprograms the neuroblastoma immune milieu to enhance macrophage-driven therapies. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004704. [PMID: 36460335 PMCID: PMC9723962 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that deliver cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells have emerged as an effective and safe anticancer therapy. ADCs may induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote additional endogenous antitumor immune responses. Here, we characterized the immunomodulatory properties of D3-GPC2-PBD, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer-bearing ADC that targets glypican 2 (GPC2), a cell surface oncoprotein highly differentially expressed in neuroblastoma. METHODS ADC-mediated induction of ICD was studied in GPC2-expressing murine neuroblastomas in vitro and in vivo. ADC reprogramming of the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment was profiled by RNA sequencing, cytokine arrays, cytometry by time of flight and flow cytometry. ADC efficacy was tested in combination with macrophage-driven immunoregulators in neuroblastoma syngeneic allografts and human patient-derived xenografts. RESULTS The D3-GPC2-PBD ADC induced biomarkers of ICD, including neuroblastoma cell membrane translocation of calreticulin and heat shock proteins (HSP70/90) and release of high-mobility group box 1 and ATP. Vaccination of immunocompetent mice with ADC-treated murine neuroblastoma cells promoted T cell-mediated immune responses that protected animals against tumor rechallenge. ADC treatment also reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment to a proinflammatory state in these syngeneic neuroblastoma models, with increased tumor trafficking of activated macrophages and T cells. In turn, macrophage or T-cell inhibition impaired ADC efficacy in vivo, which was alternatively enhanced by both CD40 agonist and CD47 antagonist antibodies. In human neuroblastomas, the D3-GPC2-PBD ADC also induced ICD and promoted tumor phagocytosis by macrophages, which was further enhanced when blocking CD47 signaling in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We elucidated the immunoregulatory properties of a GPC2-targeted ADC and showed robust efficacy of combination immunotherapies in diverse neuroblastoma preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan McIntyre
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rawan Shraim
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha N Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shakhnozakhon Sadirova
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna M Giudice
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Garcia-Gerique
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Hsu KS, Dunleavey JM, Szot C, Yang L, Hilton MB, Morris K, Seaman S, Feng Y, Lutz EM, Koogle R, Tomassoni-Ardori F, Saha S, Zhang XM, Zudaire E, Bajgain P, Rose J, Zhu Z, Dimitrov DS, Cuttitta F, Emenaker NJ, Tessarollo L, St. Croix B. Cancer cell survival depends on collagen uptake into tumor-associated stroma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7078. [PMID: 36400786 PMCID: PMC9674701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen I, the most abundant protein in humans, is ubiquitous in solid tumors where it provides a rich source of exploitable metabolic fuel for cancer cells. While tumor cells were unable to exploit collagen directly, here we show they can usurp metabolic byproducts of collagen-consuming tumor-associated stroma. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we discovered that solid tumor growth depends upon collagen binding and uptake mediated by the TEM8/ANTXR1 cell surface protein in tumor-associated stroma. Tumor-associated stromal cells processed collagen into glutamine, which was then released and internalized by cancer cells. Under chronic nutrient starvation, a condition driven by the high metabolic demand of tumors, cancer cells exploited glutamine to survive, an effect that could be reversed by blocking collagen uptake with TEM8 neutralizing antibodies. These studies reveal that cancer cells exploit collagen-consuming stromal cells for survival, exposing an important vulnerability across solid tumors with implications for developing improved anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Sheng Hsu
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - James M. Dunleavey
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Christopher Szot
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Liping Yang
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Mary Beth Hilton
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA ,grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Karen Morris
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA ,grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Steven Seaman
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Yang Feng
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Emily M. Lutz
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Robert Koogle
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394MCGP, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | | | - Saurabh Saha
- BioMed Valley Discoveries, Inc, Kansas City, MO 64111 USA ,Present Address: Centessa Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Xiaoyan M. Zhang
- BioMed Valley Discoveries, Inc, Kansas City, MO 64111 USA ,Present Address: Ikena Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02210 USA
| | - Enrique Zudaire
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA ,Present Address: Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, J&J, R&D, Welsh Road McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Pradip Bajgain
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Joshua Rose
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Biomolecular Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA ,grid.420872.bPresent Address: Lentigen Technology, Inc. 1201 Clopper Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Present Address: Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Frank Cuttitta
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Nancy J. Emenaker
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Neural Development Section, MCGP, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Brad St. Croix
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
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18
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Anthony-Gonda K, Ray A, Su H, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Lee D, Block A, Chilunda V, Weiselberg J, Zemelko L, Wang YY, Kleinsorge-Block S, Reese JS, de Lima M, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Dimitrov DS, Orentas R, Deeks SG, Rutishauser RL, Berman JW, Goldstein H, Dropulić B. In vivo killing of primary HIV-infected cells by peripheral-injected early memory-enriched anti-HIV duoCAR T cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e161698. [PMID: 36345941 PMCID: PMC9675454 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR T cell) therapies are candidates to functionally cure HIV infection in people with HIV (PWH) by eliminating reactivated HIV-infected cells derived from latently infected cells within the HIV reservoir. Paramount to translating such therapeutic candidates successfully into the clinic will require anti-HIV CAR T cells to localize to lymphoid tissues in the body and eliminate reactivated HIV-infected cells such as CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Here we show that i.v. injected anti-HIV duoCAR T cells, generated using a clinical-grade anti-HIV duoCAR lentiviral vector, localized to the site of active HIV infection in the spleen of humanized mice and eliminated HIV-infected PBMCs. CyTOF analysis of preinfusion duoCAR T cells revealed an early memory phenotype composed predominantly of CCR7+ stem cell-like/central memory T cells (TSCM/TCM) with expression of some effector-like molecules. In addition, we show that anti-HIV duoCAR T cells effectively sense and kill HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrate efficient genetic modification of T cells from PWH on suppressive ART into anti-HIV duoCAR T cells that subsequently kill autologous PBMCs superinfected with HIV. These studies support the safety and efficacy of anti-HIV duoCAR T cell therapy in our presently open phase I/IIa clinical trial (NCT04648046).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Anthony-Gonda
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Ray
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | - Yuge Wang
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Danica Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | | | - Vanessa Chilunda
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Weiselberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lily Zemelko
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah Kleinsorge-Block
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jane S. Reese
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcos de Lima
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rimas Orentas
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research lnstitute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Joan W. Berman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Boro Dropulić
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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19
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Sullivan PM, Kumar R, Li W, Hoglund V, Wang L, Zhang Y, Shi M, Baek D, Cheuk A, Jensen MC, Khan J, Dimitrov DS, Orentas RJ. FGFR4-targeted chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) combined with anti-myeloid poly-pharmacy effectively treats orthotopic rhabdomyosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1608-1621. [PMID: 35877472 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue cancer in children. Treatment outcomes, particularly for relapsed/refractory or metastatic disease, have not improved in decades. The current lack of novel therapies and low tumor mutational burden suggest that CAR T therapy could be a promising approach to treating RMS. Previous work identified Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4, CD334) as being specifically upregulated in RMS, making it a candidate target for CAR-T cells. We tested the feasibility of an FGFR4 targeted CAR for treating RMS using an NSG mouse with RH30 orthotopic (intramuscular) tumors. The first barrier we noted was that RMS tumors produce a collagen-rich stroma, replete with immunosuppressive myeloid cells, when T cell therapy is initiated. This stromal response is not seen in tumor-only xenografts. When scFV-based binders were selected from phage display, CARs targeting FGFR4 were not effective until our screening approach was refined to identify binders to the membrane-proximal domain of FGFR4. Having improved the CAR, we devised a pharmacologic strategy to augment CAR-T activity by inhibiting the myeloid component of the T cell-induced tumor stroma. The combined treatment of mice with anti-myeloid polypharmacy (targeting CSF1R, IDO1, iNOS, TGFbeta, PDL1, MIF and myeloid mis-differentiation) allowed FGFR4 CAR-T to successfully clear orthotopic RMS tumors, demonstrating that RMS tumors, even with very low copy number targets, can be targeted by CAR-T upon reversal of an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Sullivan
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Seattle Children's Hospital's Research Instittue, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wei Li
- University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Virginia Hoglund
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lingyang Wang
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Seattle Children's Research Instittue, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Megan Shi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dusan Baek
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Adam Cheuk
- National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | | | - Javed Khan
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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Sullivan PM, Kumar R, Li W, Wang L, Zhang Y, Jamet S, Cheuk A, Khan J, Dimitrov DS, Orentas RJ. Abstract 579: Anti-myeloid poly-pharmacy allows FGFR4-targeted chimeric antigen receptors to effectively treat an orthotopic model of rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue cancer in children, yet treatment outcomes, particularly for relapsed/refractory or metastatic disease, have not improved in decades. The lack of novel therapies and limited immune checkpoint blockade efficacy suggests that CAR-T therapy would be a promising therapeutic approach for RMS and other sarcomas. The key to CAR specificity is to guide engineered T cells to a molecular target that is tumor specific, expressed on the cell surface, and expressed at high enough levels for CAR-T activation. Previous work identified Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4, CD334) as being specifically and consistently upregulated in RMS, making it a candidate target for CAR-T cells. We tested the feasibility of an FGFR4 targeted CAR for treating RMS using an NSG mouse with RH30 orthotopic (intramuscular) tumors. A previous CAR designed to target FGFR4 was active in vitro but failed to control orthotopic tumors in the NSG mouse model. A new generation of FGFR4 binders was produced targeting the membrane proximal domain of FGFR4. When engineered as CARs, these binders exceeded the activity of previous generation binders in vitro with regard to cellular cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Nevertheless, new candidate binders failed to control orthotopic tumors in vivo. We then interrogated the specific tumor defenses employed by RMS to evade immune control. First, we optimized CAR signaling domains to target low density antigen. Quantitative flow analysis determined FGFR4 expression to be a very low 700 molecules per cell on in vivo RH30 tumors, as opposed to 2-3,000 in tissue culture. We also found that RMS tumors produced a collagen-rich stroma, replete with immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Stroma was induced by T cell therapy and absent in untreated mice. This stroma sequesters CAR-T cells, and produces an immune-excluded phenotype, as assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. Immunohistochemistry identified that M2 macrophages, and to a lesser degree MDSC, were the major cellular constituents of the therapy-induced stroma. RNA expression panel analysis (Nanostring) identified the induction of tumor defense-associated transcripts, including MIF, IDO1, and TGFβ, upon T cell therapy. Based on these results, we devised a strategy to augment CAR-T activity while removing the immunosuppressive barriers. The exposure of mice to anti-myeloid poly-pharmacy (targeting CSF1R (PLX3397), IDO1 (epacadostat), iNOS (L-NAME), TGFβ (SD208), PDL1 (αPD1 antibody), MIF (gene knockout), and myeloid misdifferentiation (ATRA)) allowed FGFR4 CAR-T to successfully clear orthotopic RMS tumors. Our results demonstrate that RMS tumors, even with low copy number targets, can be targeted by CAR-T upon reversal of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, modeling an approach to treating pediatric sarcomas with CAR-T therapy.
Citation Format: Peter M. Sullivan, Rajesh Kumar, Wei Li, Lingyang Wang, Yue Zhang, Sophie Jamet, Adam Cheuk, Javed Khan, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Rimas J. Orentas. Anti-myeloid poly-pharmacy allows FGFR4-targeted chimeric antigen receptors to effectively treat an orthotopic model of rhabdomyosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 579.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- 1Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei Li
- 2University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Yue Zhang
- 1Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Sophie Jamet
- 1Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Adam Cheuk
- 3National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Javed Khan
- 3National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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21
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Sun Z, Li W, Mellors JW, Orentas R, Dimitrov DS. Construction of a Large Size Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Variable (VH) Domain Library, Isolation and Characterization of Novel Human Antibody VH Domains Targeting PD-L1 and CD22. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869825. [PMID: 35464476 PMCID: PMC9019674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display is a well-established technology for in vitro selection of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), and more than 12 antibodies isolated from phage displayed libraries of different formats have been approved for therapy. We have constructed a large size (10^11) human antibody VH domain library based on thermo-stable, aggregation-resistant scaffolds. This diversity was obtained by grafting naturally occurring CDR2s and CDR3s from healthy donors with optimized primers into the VH library. This phage-displayed library was used for bio-panning against various antigens. So far, panels of binders have been isolated against different viral and tumor targets, including the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, HIV-1 ENV protein, mesothelin and FLT3. In the present study, we discuss domain library construction, characterize novel VH binders against human CD22 and PD-L1, and define our design process for antibody domain drug conjugation (DDC) as tumoricidal reagents. Our study provides examples for the potential applications of antibody domains derived from library screens in therapeutics and provides key information for large size human antibody domain library construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Sun
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John W Mellors
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rimas Orentas
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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22
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Chen C, Saville JW, Marti MM, Schäfer A, Cheng MH, Mannar D, Zhu X, Berezuk AM, Banerjee A, Sobolewski MD, Kim A, Treat BR, Da Silva Castanha PM, Enick N, McCormick KD, Liu X, Adams C, Hines MG, Sun Z, Chen W, Jacobs JL, Barratt-Boyes SM, Mellors JW, Baric RS, Bahar I, Dimitrov DS, Subramaniam S, Martinez DR, Li W. Potent Neutralization of Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern by Biparatopic Human VH Domains. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.18.481058. [PMID: 35194603 PMCID: PMC8863138 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.18.481058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) requires the development of next-generation biologics that are effective against a variety of strains of the virus. Herein, we characterize a human V H domain, F6, which we generated by sequentially panning large phage displayed V H libraries against receptor binding domains (RBDs) containing VOC mutations. Cryo-EM analyses reveal that F6 has a unique binding mode that spans a broad surface of the RBD and involves the antibody framework region. Attachment of an Fc region to a fusion of F6 and ab8, a previously characterized V H domain, resulted in a construct (F6-ab8-Fc) that neutralized Omicron pseudoviruses with a half-maximal neutralizing concentration (IC 50 ) of 4.8 nM in vitro . Additionally, prophylactic treatment using F6-ab8-Fc reduced live Beta (B.1.351) variant viral titers in the lungs of a mouse model. Our results provide a new potential therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs - including the recently emerged Omicron variant - and highlight a vulnerable epitope within the spike protein RBD that may be exploited to achieve broad protection against circulating variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James W. Saville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3
| | - Michelle M. Marti
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dhiraj Mannar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3
| | - Xing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3
| | - Alison M. Berezuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3
| | - Anupam Banerjee
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michele D. Sobolewski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew Kim
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Treat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Priscila Mayrelle Da Silva Castanha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nathan Enick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kevin D McCormick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Adams
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Margaret Grace Hines
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zehua Sun
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jana L. Jacobs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Simon M. Barratt-Boyes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John W. Mellors
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Correspondence: , , and
| | - Sriram Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3,Correspondence: , , and
| | - David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Correspondence: , , and
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Correspondence: , , and
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23
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Wang C, Hong J, Yang Z, Zhou X, Yang Y, Kong Y, Chen B, Wu H, Qian BZ, Dimitrov DS, Zhou X, Wu Y, Ying T. Design of a Novel Fab-Like Antibody Fragment with Enhanced Stability and Affinity for Clinical use. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2100966. [PMID: 35174992 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With increasing interest in applying recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in human medicine, engineered mAb fragments with reduced size and improved stability are in demand to overcome current limitations in clinical use. Herein, a novel Fab-like antibody fragment generated via an in silico-based engineering approach where the CH1 and CL domains of Fab are replaced by the IgG1 CH3 domains is described. This construct, designated as FabCH3, maintains the natural N-terminus and C-terminus of IgG antibody, can be expressed at a high level in bacterial cells and, importantly, exhibits much higher stability and affinity than the parental Fab when tested in a mesothelin-specific Fab m912, as well as a vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)-specific Fab Ranibizumab (in vivo). The high-resolution crystal structures of m912 FabCH3 and m912 Fab are determined, and the comparative analysis reveals more rigid structures in both constant domains and complementarity-determining regions of FabCH3, explaining its enhanced stability and affinity. Overall, the stabilized FabCH3 described in this report provides a versatile platform for engineering Fab-like antibody fragments with higher stability and antigen-binding affinity that can be used as a distinct class of antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- MOE/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yu Kong
- MOE/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Binfan Chen
- MOE/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huifang Wu
- MOE/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- MOE/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, 200032, China
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24
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Heitzeneder S, Bosse KR, Zhu Z, Zhelev D, Majzner RG, Radosevich MT, Dhingra S, Sotillo E, Buongervino S, Pascual-Pasto G, Garrigan E, Xu P, Huang J, Salzer B, Delaidelli A, Raman S, Cui H, Martinez B, Bornheimer SJ, Sahaf B, Alag A, Fetahu IS, Hasselblatt M, Parker KR, Anbunathan H, Hwang J, Huang M, Sakamoto K, Lacayo NJ, Klysz DD, Theruvath J, Vilches-Moure JG, Satpathy AT, Chang HY, Lehner M, Taschner-Mandl S, Julien JP, Sorensen PH, Dimitrov DS, Maris JM, Mackall CL. GPC2-CAR T cells tuned for low antigen density mediate potent activity against neuroblastoma without toxicity. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:53-69.e9. [PMID: 34971569 PMCID: PMC9092726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric cancers often mimic fetal tissues and express proteins normally silenced postnatally that could serve as immune targets. We developed T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting glypican-2 (GPC2), a fetal antigen expressed on neuroblastoma (NB) and several other solid tumors. CARs engineered using standard designs control NBs with transgenic GPC2 overexpression, but not those expressing clinically relevant GPC2 site density (∼5,000 molecules/cell, range 1-6 × 103). Iterative engineering of transmembrane (TM) and co-stimulatory domains plus overexpression of c-Jun lowered the GPC2-CAR antigen density threshold, enabling potent and durable eradication of NBs expressing clinically relevant GPC2 antigen density, without toxicity. These studies highlight the critical interplay between CAR design and antigen density threshold, demonstrate potent efficacy and safety of a lead GPC2-CAR candidate suitable for clinical testing, and credential oncofetal antigens as a promising class of targets for CAR T cell therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heitzeneder
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Doncho Zhelev
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Molly T Radosevich
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shaurya Dhingra
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samantha Buongervino
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Garrigan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin Salzer
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Swetha Raman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hong Cui
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Martinez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | - Bita Sahaf
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anya Alag
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irfete S Fetahu
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kevin R Parker
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hima Anbunathan
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen Sakamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Norman J Lacayo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dorota D Klysz
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johanna Theruvath
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - José G Vilches-Moure
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Animal Histology Services, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 941209, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manfred Lehner
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jean-Phillipe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building, Suite G3141, MC: 5456, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 941209, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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25
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Baek DS, Park SW, Adams C, Dimitrov DS, Kim YS. Yeast Mating as a Tool for Highly Effective Discovery and Engineering of Antibodies via Display Methodologies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2491:313-333. [PMID: 35482198 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2285-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Yeast surface display (YSD) is a powerful methodology for discovery and engineering of antibodies, and the yeast mating has been used to overcome low transformation efficiency of yeast in antibody library generation. We developed an optimized method of yeast mating for generating a large, combinatorial antibody fragment library and heterodimeric protein library by cellular fusion between two haploid cells carrying different library each other. This method allows for increased diversity in screening of target-specific fragment antigen-binding (Fab) antibodies as well as in the development of heterodimeric Fc variants for bi-specific antibody generation and T-cell receptor (TCR). Here we describe the efficient isolation of human antibodies against the activated GTP-bound form of the oncogenic Ras mutant (KRasG12D-GTP) by sequential isolation of their heavy chains (HCs) followed by combination with light chains (LCs) via the yeast mating process. This strategy facilitates guided selection of the antigen-specific HC with either a fixed functional LC, which has cytosol penetrating ability, or an LC library to generate the Fab. It also allows for deeper exploration of a sequence space with fixed diversity, leading to a higher probability of successful isolation of human antibodies with high specificity and affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-San Baek
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seong-Wook Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cynthia Adams
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Ma G, Tan C, Shan Y, Shao N, Wang F, Dimitrov DS, Wang L, Zhao Q. An insulin growth factor-I/II-neutralizing monoclonal antibody in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors potently inhibits tumor cell growth. J Cancer 2022; 13:1830-1836. [PMID: 35399718 PMCID: PMC8990425 DOI: 10.7150/jca.69064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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27
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He L, Wang L, Wang Z, Li T, Chen H, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Dimitrov DS, Du J, Liao X. Immune Modulating Antibody-Drug Conjugate (IM-ADC) for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15716-15726. [PMID: 34730979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) offer promising approaches for cancer treatment. Here, we describe an ADC constructed by conjugating anti-PD-L1 THIOMAB with a bifunctional immunomodulator D18 via a redox-cleavable linker. The resulting ADC HE-S2 not only triggers a potent antitumor immune response by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and activating the Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) signaling pathway but also upregulates its targeted PD-L1 expression via epigenetic regulation and/or IFN-γ induction, thus conferring more sensitivity to the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. We identify that ADC HE-S2 treatment could lead to more pronounced tumor suppression than the treatment of D18 in combination with the anti-PD-L1 antibody. Accordingly, this study provides a novel ADC strategy to enhance the antitumor immune response to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zhisong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216, United States
| | - Juanjuan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuebin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
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28
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Saha N, Xu K, Zhu Z, Robev D, Kalidindi T, Xu Y, Himanen J, de Stanchina E, Pillarsetty NVK, Dimitrov DS, Nikolov DB. Inhibitory monoclonal antibody targeting ADAM17 expressed on cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101265. [PMID: 34768098 PMCID: PMC8592942 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel anti-ADAM17 monoclonal antibody, D8P1C1, has been developed. D8P1C1 inhibits the proteolysis of peptide substrates by ADAM17. D8P1C1 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells and tumor growth inhibition in vivo. D8P1C1 preferentially recognizes ADAM17 on cancer cells. Negative stain EM analysis reveals that D8P1C1 binds to the ADAM17 protease domain.
ADAM17 is upregulated in many cancers and in turn activates signaling pathways, including EGFR/ErbB, as well as those underlying resistance to targeted anti-EGFR therapies. Due to its central role in oncogenic pathways and drug resistance mechanisms, specific and efficacious monoclonal antibodies against ADAM17 could be useful for a broad patient population with solid tumors. Hence, we describe here an inhibitory anti-ADAM17 monoclonal antibody, named D8P1C1, that preferentially recognizes ADAM17 on cancer cells. D8P1C1 inhibits the catalytic activity of ADAM17 in a fluorescence-based peptide cleavage assay, as well as the proliferation of a range of cancer cell lines, including breast, ovarian, glioma, colon and the lung adenocarcinoma. In mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer, treatment with the mAb results in 78% and 45% tumor growth inhibition, respectively. Negative staining electron microscopy analysis of the ADAM17 ectodomain in complex with D8P1C1 reveals that the mAb binds the ADAM17 protease domain, consistent with its ability to inhibit the ADAM17 catalytic activity. Collectively, our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the D8P1C1 mAb to treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanendu Saha
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Dorothea Robev
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Teja Kalidindi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Juha Himanen
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | | | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Dimitar B Nikolov
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
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29
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Baek DS, Kim YJ, Vergara S, Conard A, Adams C, Calero G, Ishima R, Mellors JW, Dimitrov DS. A highly-specific fully-human antibody and CAR-T cells targeting CD66e/CEACAM5 are cytotoxic for CD66e-expressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2021; 525:97-107. [PMID: 34740610 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-endocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) accounts for about 20% of lethal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). NEPC has the most aggressive biologic behavior of all prostate cancers and is associated with poor patient outcome. Effective treatment for NEPC is not available because NEPC exhibit distinct cell-surface expression profiles compared to other types of prostate cancer. Recently, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) (known as CEA or CD66e) was suggested to be a specific surface protein marker for NEPC. Therefore, we identified a new, fully-human anti-CEACAM5 monoclonal antibody, 1G9, which bound to the most proximal membrane domains, A3 and B3, of CEACAM5 with high affinity and specificity. It shows no off-target binding to other CEACAM family members, membrane distal domains of CEACAM5, or 5800 human membrane proteins. IgG1 1G9 exhibited CEACAM5-specific ADCC activity toward CEACAM5-positive prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) based on scFv 1G9 induced specific and strong antitumor activity in a mouse model of prostate cancer. Our results suggest that IgG1 and CAR-T cells based on 1G9 are promising candidate therapeutics for CEACAM5-positive NEPC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-San Baek
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ye-Jin Kim
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Vergara
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex Conard
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Adams
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Guillermo Calero
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rieko Ishima
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John W Mellors
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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30
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Yarmarkovich M, Marshall QF, Warrington JM, Premaratne R, Farrel A, Groff D, Li W, di Marco M, Runbeck E, Truong H, Toor JS, Tripathi S, Nguyen S, Shen H, Noel T, Church NL, Weiner A, Kendsersky N, Martinez D, Weisberg R, Christie M, Eisenlohr L, Bosse KR, Dimitrov DS, Stevanovic S, Sgourakis NG, Kiefel BR, Maris JM. Cross-HLA targeting of intracellular oncoproteins with peptide-centric CARs. Nature 2021; 599:477-484. [PMID: 34732890 PMCID: PMC8599005 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The majority of oncogenic drivers are intracellular proteins, thus constraining their immunotherapeutic targeting to mutated peptides (neoantigens) presented by individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes1. However, most cancers have a modest mutational burden that is insufficient to generate responses using neoantigen-based therapies2,3. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer that harbours few mutations and is instead driven by epigenetically deregulated transcriptional networks4. Here we show that the neuroblastoma immunopeptidome is enriched with peptides derived from proteins that are essential for tumourigenesis and focus on targeting the unmutated peptide QYNPIRTTF, discovered on HLA-A*24:02, which is derived from the neuroblastoma dependency gene and master transcriptional regulator PHOX2B. To target QYNPIRTTF, we developed peptide-centric chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) using a counter-panning strategy with predicted potentially cross-reactive peptides. We further hypothesized that peptide-centric CARs could recognize peptides on additional HLA allotypes when presented in a similar manner. Informed by computational modelling, we showed that PHOX2B peptide-centric CARs also recognize QYNPIRTTF presented by HLA-A*23:01 and the highly divergent HLA-B*14:02. Finally, we demonstrated potent and specific killing of neuroblastoma cells expressing these HLAs in vitro and complete tumour regression in mice. These data suggest that peptide-centric CARs have the potential to vastly expand the pool of immunotherapeutic targets to include non-immunogenic intracellular oncoproteins and widen the population of patients who would benefit from such therapy by breaking conventional HLA restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarmarkovich
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Quinlen F Marshall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Warrington
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Erin Runbeck
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hau Truong
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jugmohit S Toor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helena Shen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Noel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amber Weiner
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Weisberg
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly Christie
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurence Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolaos G Sgourakis
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zhang HF, Hughes CS, Li W, He JZ, Surdez D, El-Naggar AM, Cheng H, Prudova A, Delaidelli A, Negri GL, Li X, Ørum-Madsen MS, Lizardo MM, Oo HZ, Colborne S, Shyp T, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Hammond CA, Dhez AC, Langman S, Lim JKM, Kung SHY, Li A, Steino A, Daugaard M, Parker SJ, Geltink RIK, Orentas RJ, Xu LY, Morin GB, Delattre O, Dimitrov DS, Sorensen PH. Proteomic Screens for Suppressors of Anoikis Identify IL1RAP as a Promising Surface Target in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2884-2903. [PMID: 34021002 PMCID: PMC8563374 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells must overcome anoikis (detachment-induced death) to successfully metastasize. Using proteomic screens, we found that distinct oncoproteins upregulate IL1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) to suppress anoikis. IL1RAP is directly induced by oncogenic fusions of Ewing sarcoma, a highly metastatic childhood sarcoma. IL1RAP inactivation triggers anoikis and impedes metastatic dissemination of Ewing sarcoma cells. Mechanistically, IL1RAP binds the cell-surface system Xc - transporter to enhance exogenous cystine uptake, thereby replenishing cysteine and the glutathione antioxidant. Under cystine depletion, IL1RAP induces cystathionine gamma lyase (CTH) to activate the transsulfuration pathway for de novo cysteine synthesis. Therefore, IL1RAP maintains cyst(e)ine and glutathione pools, which are vital for redox homeostasis and anoikis resistance. IL1RAP is minimally expressed in pediatric and adult normal tissues, and human anti-IL1RAP antibodies induce potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of Ewing sarcoma cells. Therefore, we define IL1RAP as a new cell-surface target in Ewing sarcoma, which is potentially exploitable for immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Here, we identify cell-surface protein IL1RAP as a key driver of metastasis in Ewing sarcoma, a highly aggressive childhood sarcoma. Minimal expression in pediatric and adult normal tissues nominates IL1RAP as a promising target for immunotherapy.See related commentary by Yoon and DeNicola, p. 2679.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2659.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher S Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian-Zhong He
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005 Paris, France
- Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amal M El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Modelling and translation Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Anna Prudova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Michael M Lizardo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shane Colborne
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Taras Shyp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin A Hammond
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne-Chloe Dhez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sofya Langman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan K M Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Steino
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seth J Parker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ramon I Klein Geltink
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rimas J Orentas
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Buongervino S, Lane MV, Garrigan E, Zhelev DV, Dimitrov DS, Bosse KR. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Efficacy in Neuroblastoma: Role of Payload, Resistance Mechanisms, Target Density, and Antibody Internalization. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2228-2239. [PMID: 34465595 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are a targeted cancer therapy that utilize the specificity of antibodies to deliver potent drugs selectively to tumors. Here we define the complex interaction among factors that dictate ADC efficacy in neuroblastoma by testing both a comprehensive panel of ADC payloads in a diverse set of neuroblastoma cell lines and utilizing the glypican 2 (GPC2)-targeting D3-GPC2-PBD ADC to study the role of target antigen density and antibody internalization in ADC efficacy in neuroblastoma. We first find that DNA binding drugs are significantly more cytotoxic to neuroblastomas than payloads that bind tubulin or inhibit DNA topoisomerase 1. We additionally show that neuroblastomas with high expression of the ABCB1 drug transporter or that harbor a TP53 mutation are significantly more resistant to tubulin and DNA/DNA topoisomerase 1 binding payloads, respectively. Next, we utilized the GPC2-specific D3-GPC2-IgG1 antibody to show that neuroblastomas internalize this antibody/GPC2 complex at significantly different rates and that these antibody internalization kinetics correlate significantly with GPC2 cell surface density. However, sensitivity to pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers primarily dictated sensitivity to the corresponding D3-GPC2-PBD ADC, overall having a larger influence on ADC efficacy than GPC2 cell surface density or antibody internalization. Finally, we utilized GPC2 isogenic Kelly neuroblastoma cells with different levels of cell surface GPC2 expression to define the threshold of target density required for ADC efficacy. Taken together, DNA binding ADC payloads should be prioritized for development for neuroblastoma given their superior efficacy and considering that ADC payload sensitivity is a major determinant of ADC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria V Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Garrigan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ereño-Orbea J, Liu X, Sicard T, Kucharska I, Li W, Borovsky D, Cui H, Feng Y, Dimitrov DS, Julien JP. Structural details of monoclonal antibody m971 recognition of the membrane-proximal domain of CD22. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100966. [PMID: 34273351 PMCID: PMC8353475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation-22 (CD22) belongs to the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectin family of receptors that is expressed on the surface of B cells. It has been classified as an inhibitory coreceptor for the B-cell receptor because of its function in establishing a baseline level of B-cell inhibition. The restricted expression of CD22 on B cells and its inhibitory function make it an attractive target for B-cell depletion in cases of B-cell malignancies. Genetically modified T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) derived from the m971 antibody have shown promise when used as an immunotherapeutic agent against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A key aspect of the efficacy of this CAR-T was its ability to target a membrane-proximal epitope on the CD22 extracellular domain; however, the molecular details of m971 recognition of CD22 have thus far remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure of the m971 fragment antigen-binding in complex with the two most membrane-proximal Ig-like domains of CD22 (CD22d6-d7). The m971 epitope on CD22 resides at the most proximal Ig domain (d7) to the membrane, and the antibody paratope contains electrostatic surfaces compatible with interactions with phospholipid head groups. Together, our data identify molecular details underlying the successful transformation of an antibody epitope on CD22 into an effective CAR immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Ereño-Orbea
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taylor Sicard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iga Kucharska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dorota Borovsky
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Cui
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yang Feng
- Protein Interactions Group, Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Raman S, Buongervino SN, Lane MV, Zhelev DV, Zhu Z, Cui H, Martinez B, Martinez D, Wang Y, Upton K, Patel K, Rathi KS, Navia CT, Harmon DB, Li Y, Pawel B, Dimitrov DS, Maris JM, Julien JP, Bosse KR. A GPC2 antibody-drug conjugate is efficacious against neuroblastoma and small-cell lung cancer via binding a conformational epitope. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100344. [PMID: 34337560 PMCID: PMC8324494 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glypican 2 (GPC2) is a MYCN-regulated, differentially expressed cell-surface oncoprotein and target for immune-based therapies in neuroblastoma. Here, we build on GPC2's immunotherapeutic attributes by finding that it is also a highly expressed, MYCN-driven oncoprotein on small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs), with significantly enriched expression in both the SCLC and neuroblastoma stem cell compartment.By solving the crystal structure of the D3-GPC2-Fab/GPC2 complex at 3.3 Å resolution, we further illustrate that the GPC2-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC; D3-GPC2-PBD), that links a human GPC2 antibody (D3) to DNA-damaging pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers, binds a tumor-specific, conformation-dependent epitope of the core GPC2 extracellular domain. We then show that this ADC induces durable neuroblastoma and SCLC tumor regression via induction of DNA damage, apoptosis, and bystander cell killing, notably with no signs of ADC-induced in vivo toxicity. These studies provide preclinical data to support the clinical translation of ADCs targeting GPC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Raman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Samantha N. Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria V. Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Doncho V. Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Hong Cui
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Martinez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kristen Upton
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Komal S. Rathi
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Schneider D, Xiong Y, Wu D, Hu P, Alabanza L, Steimle B, Mahmud H, Anthony-Gonda K, Krueger W, Zhu Z, Dimitrov DS, Orentas RJ, Dropulić B. Trispecific CD19-CD20-CD22-targeting duoCAR-T cells eliminate antigen-heterogeneous B cell tumors in preclinical models. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/586/eabc6401. [PMID: 33762438 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc6401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A substantial number of patients with leukemia and lymphoma treated with anti-CD19 or anti-CD22 monoCAR-T cell therapy relapse because of antigen loss or down-regulation. We hypothesized that B cell tumor antigen escape may be overcome by a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) design that simultaneously targets three B cell leukemia antigens. We engineered trispecific duoCAR-T cells with lentiviral vectors encoding two CAR open reading frames that target CD19, CD20, and CD22. The duoCARs were composed of a CAR with a tandem CD19- and CD20-targeting binder, linked by the P2A self-cleaving peptide to a second CAR targeting CD22. Multiple combinations of intracellular T cell signaling motifs were evaluated. The most potent duoCAR architectures included those with ICOS, OX40, or CD27 signaling domains rather than those from CD28 or 4-1BB. We identified four optimal binder and signaling combinations that potently rejected xenografted leukemia and lymphoma tumors in vivo. Moreover, in mice bearing a mixture of B cell lymphoma lines composed of parental triple-positive cells, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, and CD22-negative variants, only the trispecific duoCAR-T cells rapidly and efficiently rejected the tumors. Each of the monoCAR-T cells failed to prevent tumor progression. Analysis of intracellular signaling profiles demonstrates that the distinct signaling of the intracellular domains used may contribute to these differential effects. Multispecific duoCAR-T cells are a promising strategy to prevent antigen loss-mediated relapse or the down-regulation of target antigen in patients with B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Schneider
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Ying Xiong
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Darong Wu
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Peirong Hu
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Leah Alabanza
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Brittany Steimle
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Hasan Mahmud
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Winfried Krueger
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Rimas J Orentas
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Boro Dropulić
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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Sullivan P, Kumar R, Li W, Wang L, Zhang Y, Cheuk A, Shivaprasad N, Khan J, Dimitrov DS, Orentas RJ. Abstract 1545: Development of FGFR4-targeted chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue cancer commonly arising in muscle, and is the most common soft tissue cancer in children. Patients with metastatic RMS have a poor prognosis that has not improved in decades, highlighting the need for novel therapies. Pediatric tumors, and especially the fusion-gene driven alveolar RMS (aRMS) subset, have among the lowest mutational burden of any tumor, suggesting that checkpoint therapies alone will be insufficient to control tumors. CAR-T cells are genetically engineered T lymphocytes expressing an extracellular binding domain and intracellular T cell signaling domains. Upon engagement of the binding domain (often antibody-derived) to the antigenic target on a tumor cell, activation and degranulation occurs resulting in cell-mediated toxicity induced death of the tumor cells. The key to CAR specificity is to guide engineered T cells to a molecular target that is tumor specific, expressed on the cell surface, and expressed at high enough levels for CAR-T activation. Previous work identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4, CD334) as specifically upregulated in RMS tumors compared to normal tissue, making it a candidate for the selective targeting of CAR T cells. A previous CAR designed to target FGFR4 (m410) showed in vitro efficacy, and some control of tumor in a metastatic (intravenous) RMS model but failed to control orthotopic (intramuscular) RMS tumors in vivo. We have developed a new generation of FGFR4-binding moieties to be tested as new components of CARs. Our new binders were derived from both human F(ab)- and human VH-only (single chain domain antibodies, dAbs) phage display libraries. Binders were cloned into a CAR featuring a CD8 hinge and transmembrane domain, 4-1BB signaling domain, and CD3zeta signaling domain. FGFR4 CARs were screened for surface expression by flow cytometry, cytotoxicity against target and non-target cells, and cytokine production in response to RMS cell lines in vitro. Two F(ab)-based FGFR4-binders engineered into CARs were selected for further development based on high cellular cytotoxicity and tumor specificity. These will be tested for in vivo efficacy against metastatic and intramuscular RMS tumor models in NSG mice. Additionally, we have tested RMS tumor cell lines, with and without exposure to IFN-gamma, to model induced mechanisms of tumor defense against immune cell attack. Pathway analysis identified several potential mechanisms of tumor resistance to CAR T therapy which will be exploited to help armor engineered CAR-T cells to control RMS tumors. This data will determine whether our new FGFR4 CARs are sufficient for targeting and eliminating RMS tumors, provide insight into which armoring approaches are best suited to control RMS tumors, and thus develop a potent new therapeutic approach for rhabdomyosarcoma.
Citation Format: Peter Sullivan, Rajesh Kumar, Wei Li, Lingyang Wang, Yue Zhang, Adam Cheuk, Nityashree Shivaprasad, Javed Khan, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Rimas J. Orentas. Development of FGFR4-targeted chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1545.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- 1Seattle Children's Research Institue, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei Li
- 2University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Yue Zhang
- 1Seattle Children's Research Institue, Seattle, WA
| | - Adam Cheuk
- 3NCI, CCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Javed Khan
- 3NCI, CCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Kumar R, Sullivan P, Li W, Zhang H, Hoglund V, Wang L, Zhang Y, Sorensen PH, Dimitrov DS, Orentas RJ. Abstract 1546: Defining the immune microenvironment in Ewing's sarcoma to potentiate IL1RAP-targeted CAR-T immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
IL1RAP (Interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein) is differentially expressed in both Ewing sarcoma (EWS) and select hematologic malignancies (CML, AML). Using single domain antibody-like binders generated against IL1RAP to create chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) we demonstrated highly specific cytokine production and cytolytic activity against multiple EWS cell lines in vitro. Preliminary in vivo functionality of IL1RAP CAR-T indicates that additional approaches will be required to increase the efficacy of IL1RAP CAR-T for orthotopic EWS tumor models. To optimize CAR-T cell therapy for EWS, we used model cell lines to define tumor- and stromal-derived factors that must be overcome to obtain effective treatment. The human cell line TC71 (fusion gene positive) was administered both i.v. and i.m. to NSG mice, and subsequently treated with IL1RAP-specifc CAR-T cells. Tumor engraftment was not seen in the i.v. model, however the orthotopic i.m. model in NSG mice was successful, generating tumor and metastatic lesions surrounded by a collagen rich stromal element when CAR-T or control activated T cells were administered. This was not seen in control untreated tumors. Histochemical analysis of i.m. tumors demonstrated that T cells (CD3 positive) were confined to the tumor stromal boundary in proximity to cells of myeloid lineage (CD11b positive). We therefore analyzed cell surface and soluble factors produced by TC71 by flow cytometry, ELISA, and NanoString mRNA panels. TC71 was cultured alone or with interferon-gamma (IFNG), to model the presence of activated T cells and was found to constitutively express transcripts for both canonical and non-canonical chemokines: GPI, MIF, IL-32, TGFβ1; whereas CSF1, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were only induced by IFNG. MIF and TGF-β1 production were confirmed by ELISA. Flow cytometry revealed that numerous CAR-T targets (IL1RAP, CD276, EGFR and FGFR4) were expressed, as were the immune inhibitory molecules: PDL1, PDL2, Galectin-9, and CTLA-4. MHC class I and II and PDL1 were strongly induced by IFNG. We also observed transcripts for collagen related genes in TC71: COL16A1, 3A1, 5A3, LOXL1, P4HB and SERPINH1 both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that tumor surface expression of immune inhibitory signals, PDL-1, PDL-2, CTLA4, as well as the soluble factors MIF, and TGF-b1, must be considered in armoring CAR-T for effective immune destruction of EWS, along with strategies designed to increase the transmigration of T cells through matrix proteins. Moreover, the chemokines produced by tumor alone, as well as those induced by IFNG, indicate a complex network for recruitment of local and bone marrow-derived stromal cells that create a physical as well as cellular barrier to adoptive immunotherapy which needs to be addressed for effective CAR-T therapy of this solid tumor.
Citation Format: Rajesh Kumar, Peter Sullivan, Wei Li, Haifeng Zhang, Virginia Hoglund, Lingyang Wang, Yue Zhang, Poul H. Sorensen, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Rimas J. Orentas. Defining the immune microenvironment in Ewing's sarcoma to potentiate IL1RAP-targeted CAR-T immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1546.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- 1Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Wei Li
- 2University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- 3University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Yue Zhang
- 1Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Poul H. Sorensen
- 3University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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38
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Xi Z, Liu X, Lin R, Persons JD, Ilina TV, Li W, Dimitrov DS, Ishima R. The reduced form of the antibody CH2 domain. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1895-1903. [PMID: 34107549 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among the immunoglobulin domains, the CH2 domain has the lowest thermal stability, which also depends on amino acid sequence and buffer conditions. To further identify factors that influence CH2 folding and stability, we characterized the domain in the reduced form using differential scanning fluorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance. We show that the CH2 domain can fold, similarly to the disulfide-bridged form, without forming a disulfide-bridge, even though the protein contains two Cys residues. Although the reduced form exhibits thermal stability more than 15°C lower than the disulfide-bridged form, it does not undergo immediate full oxidization. To explain this phenomenon, we compared CH2 oxidization at different conditions and demonstrate a need for significant fluctuation of the folded conformation to enhance CH2 disulfide-bridge formation. We conclude that, since CH2 can be purified as a folded, semi-stable, reduced protein that can coexist with the oxidized form, verification of the level of oxidization at each step is critical in CH2 engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Xi
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - John D Persons
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tatiana V Ilina
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rieko Ishima
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chen C, Sun Z, Liu X, Li W, Dimitrov DS. Protocol for constructing large size human antibody heavy chain variable domain (V H) library and selection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody domains. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100617. [PMID: 34095859 PMCID: PMC8164376 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol is a comprehensive guide to phage display-based selection of virus neutralizing VH antibody domains. It details three optimized parts including (1) construction of a large-sized (theoretically > 1011) naïve human antibody heavy chain domain library, (2) SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression and stable cell line construction, and (3) library panning for selection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody domains. Using this protocol, we identified a high-affinity neutralizing human VH antibody domain, VH ab8, which exhibits high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Zehua Sun
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author
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40
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Zhu X, Mannar D, Srivastava SS, Berezuk AM, Demers JP, Saville JW, Leopold K, Li W, Dimitrov DS, Tuttle KS, Zhou S, Chittori S, Subramaniam S. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the N501Y SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in complex with ACE2 and 2 potent neutralizing antibodies. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001237. [PMID: 33914735 PMCID: PMC8112707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently reported "UK variant" (B.1.1.7) of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be more infectious than previously circulating strains as a result of several changes, including the N501Y mutation. We present a 2.9-Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the complex between the ACE2 receptor and N501Y spike protein ectodomains that shows Y501 inserted into a cavity at the binding interface near Y41 of ACE2. This additional interaction provides a structural explanation for the increased ACE2 affinity of the N501Y mutant, and likely contributes to its increased infectivity. However, this mutation does not result in large structural changes, enabling important neutralization epitopes to be retained in the spike receptor binding domain. We confirmed this through biophysical assays and by determining cryo-EM structures of spike protein ectodomains bound to 2 representative potent neutralizing antibody fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dhiraj Mannar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shanti S. Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alison M. Berezuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Demers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James W. Saville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karoline Leopold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katharine S. Tuttle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sagar Chittori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sriram Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor (IGF-1R) is overexpressed in most human neoplasms tested so far. Many tumors in young patients produce high levels of the IGF-1R ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II. Given the complexity of the IGF signaling pathway, its complete inhibition may require combination therapies with antibodies targeting both IGF-1R and IGF-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- Protein Interactions Group; FNLCF; NIH; Frederick, MD USA
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42
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Cresswell GM, Wang B, Kischuk EM, Broman MM, Alfar RA, Vickman RE, Dimitrov DS, Kularatne SA, Sundaram CP, Singhal S, Eruslanov EB, Crist SA, Elzey BD, Ratliff TL, Low PS. Folate Receptor Beta Designates Immunosuppressive Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells That Can Be Reprogrammed with Folate-Targeted Drugs. Cancer Res 2021; 81:671-684. [PMID: 33203700 PMCID: PMC10987201 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although immunotherapies of tumors have demonstrated promise for altering the progression of malignancies, immunotherapies have been limited by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that prevents infiltrating immune cells from performing their anticancer functions. Prominent among immunosuppressive cells are myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) that inhibit T cells via release of immunosuppressive cytokines and engagement of checkpoint receptors. Here, we explore the properties of MDSCs and TAMs from freshly isolated mouse and human tumors and find that an immunosuppressive subset of these cells can be distinguished from the nonimmunosuppressive population by its upregulation of folate receptor beta (FRβ) within the TME and its restriction to the TME. This FRβ+ subpopulation could be selectively targeted with folate-linked drugs. Delivery of a folate-targeted TLR7 agonist to these cells (i) reduced their immunosuppressive function, (ii) increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration, (iii) enhanced M1/M2 macrophage ratios, (iv) inhibited tumor growth, (v) blocked tumor metastasis, and (vi) improved overall survival without demonstrable toxicity. These data reveal a broadly applicable strategy across tumor types for reprogramming MDSCs and TAMs into antitumorigenic immune cells using a drug that would otherwise be too toxic to administer systemically. The data also establish FRβ as the first marker that distinguishes immunosuppressive from nonimmunosuppressive subsets of MDSCs and TAMs. Because all solid tumors accumulate MDSCs and TAMs, a general strategy to both identify and reprogram these cells should be broadly applied in the characterization and treatment of multiple tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: FRβ serves as both a means to identify and target MDSCs and TAMs within the tumor, allowing for delivery of immunomodulatory compounds to tumor myeloid cells in a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Erin M Kischuk
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Rami A Alfar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Renee E Vickman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Sunil Singhal
- Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A Crist
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Urology, IU School of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, West Lafayette, Indiana.
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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43
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Abstract
The IgG CH2 domain continues to hold promise for the development of new therapeutic entities because of its bifunctional role as a biomarker and effector protein. The need for further understanding of molecular stability and aggregation in therapeutic proteins has led to the development of a breakthrough quantum cascade laser microscope to allow for real-time comparability assessment of an array of related proteins in solution upon thermal perturbation. Our objective was to perform a comprehensive developability assessment of three similar monoclonal antibody (mAb) fragments: CH2, CH2s, and m01s. The CH2 construct consists of residues Pro238 to Lys340 of the IgG1 heavy chain sequence. CH2s has a 7-residue deletion at the N-terminus and a 16-residue C-terminal extension containing a histidine tag. The m01s construct is identical to CH2s, except for two cysteines introduced at positions 242 and 334. A series of hyperspectral images was acquired during thermal perturbation from 28 to 60 °C for all three proteins in an array. Co-distribution and two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopies yielded the mechanism of aggregation and stability for these three proteins. The level of detail is unprecedented, identifying the regions within CH2 and CH2s that are prone to self-association and establishing the differences in stability. Furthermore, CH2 helical segments, β-sheets, β-turns, and random coil regions were less stable than in CH2s and m01s because of the presence of the N-terminal 310-helix and β-turn type III. The engineered disulfide bridge in m01s eliminated the self-association process and rendered this mAb fragment the most stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Pastrana
- Protein Dynamic Solutions, 9 Audubon Road, Wakefield, Massachusetts 01880-1256, United States
| | - Sherly Nieves
- Protein Dynamic Solutions, 9 Audubon Road, Wakefield, Massachusetts 01880-1256, United States
| | - Wei Li
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States.,Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States.,Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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44
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Abstract
The immunoglobulin (Ig) CH2 domain is a promising scaffold for the development of candidate therapeutics. We have previously shown that the stability of isolated CH2 could be increased by the introduction of an additional disulfide bond and removal of seven N-terminal residues (m01s). However, both isolated CH2 and m01s aggregate, likely due to the existence of aggregation-prone regions (APRs) that we identified by using computational methods. This knowledge was used to generate a phage display library of mutants. The library was incubated at high temperature to remove aggregating CH2 domains, and then panned against a mouse anti-human CH2 monoclonal antibody targeting a conformational epitope to remove misfolded CH2s. After two rounds of panning, one clone, m01s5, with smaller APRs, was identified. After additional mutagenesis one clone, m01s5.4, which aggregated much less than m01s as measured by a turbidity assay and dynamic light scattering, was identified. m01s5.4 also exhibited much lower nonspecific binding than m01s. Engineering of a previously identified m01s-based tumor antigen-specific binder led to a dramatic reduction of its aggregation without affecting its binding. In summary, we describe a new approach for reducing aggregation based on a combination of computational and phage display methodologies, and show that aggregation of CH2-based scaffolds can be significantly reduced by the newly identified mutants, which can improve the developability of potential CH2-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yancheng Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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45
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Li W, Chen C, Drelich A, Martinez DR, Gralinski LE, Sun Z, Schäfer A, Kulkarni SS, Liu X, Leist SR, Zhelev DV, Zhang L, Kim YJ, Peterson EC, Conard A, Mellors JW, Tseng CTK, Falzarano D, Baric RS, Dimitrov DS. Rapid identification of a human antibody with high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in three animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29832-29838. [PMID: 33139569 PMCID: PMC7703590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010197117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies are urgently needed for the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. We identified panels of fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from large phage-displayed Fab, scFv, and VH libraries by panning against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein. A high-affinity Fab was selected from one of the libraries and converted to a full-size antibody, IgG1 ab1, which competed with human ACE2 for binding to RBD. It potently neutralized replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 but not SARS-CoV, as measured by two different tissue culture assays, as well as a replication-competent mouse ACE2-adapted SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice and native virus in hACE2-expressing transgenic mice showing activity at the lowest tested dose of 2 mg/kg. IgG1 ab1 also exhibited high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanism of neutralization is by competition with ACE2 but could involve antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) as IgG1 ab1 had ADCC activity in vitro. The ab1 sequence has a relatively low number of somatic mutations, indicating that ab1-like antibodies could be quickly elicited during natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or by RBD-based vaccines. IgG1 ab1 did not aggregate, did not exhibit other developability liabilities, and did not bind to any of the 5,300 human membrane-associated proteins tested. These results suggest that IgG1 ab1 has potential for therapy and prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The rapid identification (within 6 d of availability of antigen for panning) of potent mAbs shows the value of large antibody libraries for response to public health threats from emerging microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Zehua Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Swarali S Kulkarni
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Ye-Jin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | | | | | - John W Mellors
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Chien-Te K Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
- Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
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46
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Si J, Shi X, Sun S, Zou B, Li Y, An D, Lin X, Gao Y, Long F, Pang B, Liu X, Liu T, Chi W, Chen L, Dimitrov DS, Sun Y, Du X, Yin W, Gao G, Min J, Wei L, Liao X. Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase1 (HPK1) Mediates T Cell Dysfunction and Is a Druggable Target for T Cell-Based Immunotherapies. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:551-566.e11. [PMID: 32860752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ameliorating T cell exhaustion and enhancing effector function are promising strategies for the improvement of immunotherapies. Here, we show that the HPK1-NFκB-Blimp1 axis mediates T cell dysfunction. High expression of MAP4K1 (which encodes HPK1) correlates with increased T cell exhaustion and with worse patient survival in several cancer types. In MAP4K1KO mice, tumors grow slower than in wild-type mice and infiltrating T cells are less exhausted and more active and proliferative. We further show that genetic depletion, pharmacological inhibition, or proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC)-mediated degradation of HPK1 improves the efficacy of CAR-T cell-based immunotherapies in diverse preclinical mouse models of hematological and solid tumors. These strategies are more effective than genetically depleting PD-1 in CAR-T cells. Thus, we demonstrate that HPK1 is a mediator of T cell dysfunction and an attractive druggable target to improve immune therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Si
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Shuhao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaopeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Zhuhai Yufan Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100026 Beijing, China
| | - Fei Long
- Xi'an Yufan Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangdong, 510010 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenna Chi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050 Gansu, China
| | - Xinru Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capita Medical University, 100020 Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuebin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
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47
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Liu X, Drelich A, Li W, Chen C, Sun Z, Shi M, Adams C, Mellors JW, Tseng CT, Dimitrov DS. Enhanced elicitation of potent neutralizing antibodies by the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain Fc fusion protein in mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:7205-7212. [PMID: 33010978 PMCID: PMC7508516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc elicited higher neutralizing antibodies titer than RBD. Cell–cell fusion assay showed a strong correlation with the neutralization assay. Anti-RBD sera did not enhance the pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infection of K562 cells.
The development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. We generated SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc fusion protein and evaluated its potency to elicit neutralizing antibody response in mice. RBD-Fc elicited a higher neutralizing antibodies titer than RBD as evaluated by a pseudovirus neutralization assay and a live virus based microneutralization assay. Furthermore, RBD-Fc immunized sera better inhibited cell–cell fusion, as evaluated by a quantitative cell–cell fusion assay. The cell–cell fusion assay results correlated well with the virus neutralization potency and could be used for high-throughput screening of large panels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and vaccines without the requirement of live virus infection in BSL3 containment. Moreover, the anti-RBD sera did not enhance the pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infection of K562 cells. These results demonstrate that Fc fusion can significantly improve the humoral immune response to recombinant RBD immunogen, and suggest that RBD-Fc could serve as a useful component of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Liu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zehua Sun
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Megan Shi
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cynthia Adams
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John W Mellors
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Chien-Te Tseng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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48
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Wang L, Gao Y, Zhang G, Li D, Wang Z, Zhang J, Hermida LC, He L, Wang Z, Si J, Geng S, Ai R, Ning F, Cheng C, Deng H, Dimitrov DS, Sun Y, Huang Y, Wang D, Hu X, Wei Z, Wang W, Liao X. Enhancing KDM5A and TLR activity improves the response to immune checkpoint blockade. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The bifunctional compound D18 improves checkpoint blockade efficacy by increasing KDM5A and PD-L1 abundance and inducing TLR7/8 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenda Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computing Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Neswark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Leandro C. Hermida
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhisong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingwen Si
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuang Geng
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), College of Chemistry, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rizi Ai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9500 Gilman Drive, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fei Ning
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chaoran Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computing Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Neswark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Yan Sun
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), College of Chemistry, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computing Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Neswark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9500 Gilman Drive, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xuebin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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49
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Li W, Schäfer A, Kulkarni SS, Liu X, Martinez DR, Chen C, Sun Z, Leist SR, Drelich A, Zhang L, Ura ML, Berezuk A, Chittori S, Leopold K, Mannar D, Srivastava SS, Zhu X, Peterson EC, Tseng CT, Mellors JW, Falzarano D, Subramaniam S, Baric RS, Dimitrov DS. High Potency of a Bivalent Human V H Domain in SARS-CoV-2 Animal Models. Cell 2020; 183:429-441.e16. [PMID: 32941803 PMCID: PMC7473018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel COVID-19 therapeutics are urgently needed. We generated a phage-displayed human antibody VH domain library from which we identified a high-affinity VH binder ab8. Bivalent VH, VH-Fc ab8, bound with high avidity to membrane-associated S glycoprotein and to mutants found in patients. It potently neutralized mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 in wild-type mice at a dose as low as 2 mg/kg and exhibited high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly enhanced by its relatively small size. Electron microscopy combined with scanning mutagenesis identified ab8 interactions with all three S protomers and showed how ab8 neutralized the virus by directly interfering with ACE2 binding. VH-Fc ab8 did not aggregate and did not bind to 5,300 human membrane-associated proteins. The potent neutralization activity of VH-Fc ab8 combined with good developability properties and cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 mutants provide a strong rationale for its evaluation as a COVID-19 therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Swarali S Kulkarni
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, and the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zehua Sun
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Marcin L Ura
- Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alison Berezuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sagar Chittori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karoline Leopold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dhiraj Mannar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shanti S Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Chien-Te Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - John W Mellors
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, and the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Sriram Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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50
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Zhang HF, El-Naggar AM, Cheng H, Prudova A, Delaidelli A, He JZ, Negri GL, Lizardo M, Yang T, Morin G, Li W, Dimitrov DS, Sorensen PH. Abstract 6080: IL1RAP augments Cysteine metabolism and drives oxidative stress adaptation and lung metastasis in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The high oxidative stress cancer cells experience during the metastatic cascade is an important determinant of metastasis. How cancer cells adapt to those stressful conditions remains elusive. Here our global translatome and proteome analyses have uncovered novel signatures exploited by oncogene-transformed cells to adapt and survive oxidative stress. We revealed that various oncoproteins promote the expression of the IL1RAP to alleviate oxidative stress and facilitate stress adaptation. Mechanistically, IL1RAP controls Cysteine metabolism, a key substrate and determinant of antioxidant glutathione synthesis. CTH, a crucial enzyme for de novo Cysteine synthesis and redox regulation, was identified as a key functional mediator of IL1RAP. Moreover, global interactome analysis uncovered IL1RAP as a novel component and enhancer of the System Xc− transporter (SLC7A11), which is involved in Cystine uptake. Thus, IL1RAP enhances Cysteine supply via both uptake and biogenesis. IL1RAP depletion rendered Ewing sarcoma cells susceptible to oxidative stress and ferroptosis in vitro, and dramatically mitigated local invasion and lung metastasis in mice. In patients with Ewing sarcoma, high-expression of IL1RAP in the tumors correlated with poor event-free survival. Therefore, we have defined a novel pro-metastatic mechanism driven by IL1RAP-mediated Cysteine metabolism and redox regulation.
Citation Format: Hai-Feng Zhang, Amal M. El-Naggar, Hongwei Cheng, Anna Prudova, Alberto Delaidelli, Jian-Zhong He, Gian Luca Negri, Michael Lizardo, Tianqing Yang, Gregg Morin, Wei Li, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Poul H. Sorensen. IL1RAP augments Cysteine metabolism and drives oxidative stress adaptation and lung metastasis in Ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amal M. El-Naggar
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Anna Prudova
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Tianqing Yang
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregg Morin
- 2BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- 4University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Poul H. Sorensen
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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