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Matveev VA, Mihelic EZ, Benko E, Budylowski P, Grocott S, Lee T, Korosec CS, Colwill K, Stephenson H, Law R, Ward LA, Sheikh-Mohamed S, Mailhot G, Delgado-Brand M, Pasculescu A, Wang JH, Qi F, Tursun T, Kardava L, Chau S, Samaan P, Imran A, Copertino DC, Chao G, Choi Y, Reinhard RJ, Kaul R, Heffernan JM, Jones RB, Chun TW, Moir S, Singer J, Gommerman J, Gingras AC, Kovacs C, Ostrowski M. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and their effect on HIV reservoir in older people with HIV. iScience 2023; 26:107915. [PMID: 37790281 PMCID: PMC10542941 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Older individuals and people with HIV (PWH) were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination, yet comprehensive studies of the immunogenicity of these vaccines and their effects on HIV reservoirs are not available. Our study on 68 PWH and 23 HIV-negative participants aged 55 and older post-three vaccine doses showed equally strong anti-spike IgG responses in serum and saliva through week 48 from baseline, while PWH salivary IgA responses were low. PWH had diminished live-virus neutralization responses after two vaccine doses, which were 'rescued' post-booster. Spike-specific T cell immunity was enhanced in PWH with normal CD4+ T cell count, suggesting Th1 imprinting. The frequency of detectable HIV viremia increased post-vaccination, but vaccines did not affect the size of the HIV reservoir in most PWH, except those with low-level viremia. Thus, older PWH require three doses of COVID-19 vaccine for maximum protection, while individuals with unsuppressed viremia should be monitored for adverse reactions from HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy A. Matveev
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Erik Z. Mihelic
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Erika Benko
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto ON M5G 1K2, Canada
| | - Patrick Budylowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sebastian Grocott
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Terry Lee
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHÉOS), Vancouver BC V6Z IY6, Canada
| | - Chapin S. Korosec
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Henry Stephenson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Ryan Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lesley A. Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Geneviève Mailhot
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | | | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jenny H. Wang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Freda Qi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Tulunay Tursun
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Serena Chau
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip Samaan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Annam Imran
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dennis C. Copertino
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gary Chao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yoojin Choi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Robert J. Reinhard
- Independent Public/Global Health Consultant, San Francisco, CA 94114, USA
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jane M. Heffernan
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - R. Brad Jones
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joel Singer
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHÉOS), Vancouver BC V6Z IY6, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gommerman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Colin Kovacs
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto ON M5G 1K2, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mario Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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Hussain M, Chau S, Turner M, Paterson C. Scan-Associated Distress in People Affected by Cancer: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151502. [PMID: 37735038 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The term "scanxiety" has been coined to describe the anxiety commonly associated with individuals undergoing cancer-related imaging. Despite the prevalence and severity of scanxiety across various clinical and demographic populations, there remains a significant lack of qualitative insights from existing studies that effectively capture patients' experiences of scanxiety in their own words. Therefore, this review addresses the following research question: What are the experiences of scanxiety distress among people affected by cancer across the cancer care continuum? DATA SOURCES Following the PRISMA methodology, a meta-aggregation of qualitative studies was performed, encompassing patients of all age groups who had been diagnosed with cancer or were indicated for a cancer-related scan. Of the 556 articles screened, 15 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the analysis. CONCLUSION The three overarching themes of 1) experience of "scan-itis," 2) experience of "patient-clinician support," and 3) development of self-management strategies reveal the complex and interconnected factors that influence scanxiety in individuals undergoing cancer-related imaging. These findings emphasized distress experienced by patients during the waiting period for scan results, the act of viewing the results, and even the delivery of "bad" news. Consequently, patients expressed a strong desire for increased information, communication, and empathy from attending healthcare providers. Patients also report a myriad of self-coping strategies to manage their scanxiety well before, during, and after their scan appointment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The study highlights the need for targeted interventions for those undergoing cancer-related scans, including increased awareness and education for health professionals regarding scanxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hussain
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT, Australia
| | - S Chau
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Australia
| | - M Turner
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT, Australia
| | - C Paterson
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT, Australia; Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide; Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
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3
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Matveev VA, Mihelic EZ, Benko E, Budylowski P, Grocott S, Lee T, Korosec CS, Colwill K, Stephenson H, Law R, Ward LA, Sheikh-Mohamed S, Mailhot G, Delgado-Brand M, Pasculescu A, Wang JH, Qi F, Tursun T, Kardava L, Chau S, Samaan P, Imran A, Copertino DC, Chao G, Choi Y, Reinhard RJ, Kaul R, Heffernan JM, Jones RB, Chun TW, Moir S, Singer J, Gommerman J, Gingras AC, Kovacs C, Ostrowski M. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and their effect on the HIV reservoir in older people with HIV. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.14.544834. [PMID: 37502977 PMCID: PMC10370192 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Older individuals and people with HIV (PWH) were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination, yet comprehensive studies of the immunogenicity of these vaccines and their effects on HIV reservoirs are not available. We followed 68 PWH aged 55 and older and 23 age-matched HIV-negative individuals for 48 weeks from the first vaccine dose, after the total of three doses. All PWH were on antiretroviral therapy (cART) and had different immune status, including immune responders (IR), immune non-responders (INR), and PWH with low-level viremia (LLV). We measured total and neutralizing Ab responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD in sera, total anti-spike Abs in saliva, frequency of anti-RBD/NTD B cells, changes in frequency of anti-spike, HIV gag/nef-specific T cells, and HIV reservoirs in peripheral CD4 + T cells. The resulting datasets were used to create a mathematical model for within-host immunization. Various regimens of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 vaccines elicited equally strong anti-spike IgG responses in PWH and HIV - participants in serum and saliva at all timepoints. These responses had similar kinetics in both cohorts and peaked at 4 weeks post-booster (third dose), while half-lives of plasma IgG also dramatically increased post-booster in both groups. Salivary spike IgA responses were low, especially in INRs. PWH had diminished live virus neutralizing titers after two vaccine doses which were 'rescued' after a booster. Anti-spike T cell immunity was enhanced in IRs even in comparison to HIV - participants, suggesting Th1 imprinting from HIV, while in INRs it was the lowest. Increased frequency of viral 'blips' in PWH were seen post-vaccination, but vaccines did not affect the size of the intact HIV reservoir in CD4 + T cells in most PWH, except in LLVs. Thus, older PWH require three doses of COVID-19 vaccine to maximize neutralizing responses against SARS-CoV-2, although vaccines may increase HIV reservoirs in PWH with persistent viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Z. Mihelic
- Dept of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erika Benko
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Budylowski
- Dept of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Grocott
- Dept of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Terry Lee
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHÉOS), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chapin S. Korosec
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics Dept, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics Dept, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Henry Stephenson
- Dept of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dept of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ryan Law
- Dept of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lesley A. Ward
- Dept of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Geneviève Mailhot
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jenny H. Wang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Freda Qi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tulunay Tursun
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Serena Chau
- Dept of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Samaan
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annam Imran
- Dept of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis C. Copertino
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Chao
- Dept of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoojin Choi
- Dept of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rupert Kaul
- Dept of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jane M. Heffernan
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics Dept, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics Dept, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R. Brad Jones
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- Dept of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joel Singer
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHÉOS), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dept of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Kovacs
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Senior authors
| | - Mario Ostrowski
- Dept of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dept of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Senior authors
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Chau S, Jardine S, Guo C, Warner N, Muise A. A184 REPURPOSING DRUGS FOR SPLEEN TYROSINE KINASE (SYK) PEDIATRIC PATIENTS USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859165 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) is a cytosolic, non-receptor tyrosine kinase with an imperative role in immune and non-immune processes. Recently, we identified six gain-of-function SYK variants in patients that presented multi-organ inflammation and immune dysregulation. The SYK variants displayed constitutive SYK phosphorylation in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T, colonic epithelial cells (SW480), and in knock-in heterozygous SYK mice. These observations mark SYK as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
Phenotype drug discovery accelerates this process and can be done successfully with an appropriate phenotype. A possible phenotype displayed by SYK variants is SYK phosphorylation, as high-throughput screening can identify hit compounds that reduce the constitutive activation of phosphorylated SYK (p-SYK).
Aims
Aim 1: Determine the screening phenotype with wildtype (WT) and SYK S550Y variant in HEK293T cells. Recently, we observed increased phosphorylation in gain-of-function SYK variants We hypothesize that we can use phosphorylated-SYK (p-SYK) levels to identify hit compounds that can decrease the kinase activity in these variants. With stable transfected SYK WT and SYK S550Y HEK293T cell-line, protein analyses will be completed to characterize the appropriate screening phenotype.
Aim 2
Establish an assay for high-throughput drug screening. We will utilize homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay. The signal measured from HTRF is positively proportional to the level of p-SYK; therefore, we expect that S550Y cells will have a higher signal than the WT.
Aim 3
Validate hit compounds in HEK293T and zebrafish. We will create a dose-response curve with the hit compounds in in vitro and in vivo models.
Methods
We will use stable transfection to established overexpressing SYK WT and S550Y HEK293T cells. We will apply homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) to quantify p-SYK levels during the drug screening.
Results
Protein analyses have verified high expression of p-SYK in stable transfected HEK293T cells. No stimulation was required, as the cells showed an increased phosphorylation level at baseline. Downstream signaling partners such as p-ERK and p-JNK of the MAPK pathway displayed an upregulation. This suggests that the sustained activation of p-SYK may consequently affect cellular processes and contribute to the clinical manifestations observed in patients.
Conclusions
This research study will identify hit compounds that can produce a safe and effective biological response in pediatric patients with gain-of-function SYK variants. Personalizing medicine throughout high-throughput drug screening can accelerate drug repurposing for pediatric patients with multiple systemic diseases and immune dysregulation.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chau
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Jardine
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Guo
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Warner
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Muise
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Liu J, Budylowski P, Samson R, Griffin BD, Babuadze G, Rathod B, Colwill K, Abioye JA, Schwartz JA, Law R, Yip L, Ahn SK, Chau S, Naghibosadat M, Arita Y, Hu Q, Yue FY, Banerjee A, Hardy WR, Mossman K, Mubareka S, Kozak RA, Pollanen MS, Martin Orozco N, Gingras AC, Marcusson EG, Ostrowski MA. Preclinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabj9815. [PMID: 35044832 PMCID: PMC8769538 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines are needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report the preclinical development of a lipid nanoparticle–formulated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, PTX-COVID19-B. PTX-COVID19-B was chosen among three candidates after the initial mouse vaccination results showed that it elicited the strongest neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. Further tests in mice and hamsters indicated that PTX-COVID19-B induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and completely protected the vaccinated animals from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung. Studies in hamsters also showed that PTX-COVID19-B protected the upper respiratory tract from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mouse immune sera elicited by PTX-COVID19-B vaccination were able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta lineages. No adverse effects were induced by PTX-COVID19-B in either mice or hamsters. Based on these results, PTX-COVID19-B was authorized by Health Canada to enter clinical trials in December 2020 with a phase 2 clinical trial ongoing.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Canada
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Liposomes/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nanoparticles
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Budylowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ryan Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily Yip
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sang Kyun Ahn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Serena Chau
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yuko Arita
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Yun Yue
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - W. Rod Hardy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael S. Pollanen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric G. Marcusson
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
- Marcusson Consulting, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mario A. Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Chau S, Oldman S, Duffy V, Smith S. Tailored mHealth Messages for Obesity Prevention: Application to a Pediatric Emergency Department (PED). J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Denault LJ, Glenister PR, Chau S. Enzymology of the Mashing Step during Beer Production. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-39-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo J. Denault
- Brewing Research, Biotechnology Group, Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart, IN 46515
| | - P. R. Glenister
- Brewing Research, Biotechnology Group, Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart, IN 46515
| | - S. Chau
- Brewing Research, Biotechnology Group, Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart, IN 46515
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8
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Jones G, Stathokostas L, Wister A, Chau S, Young B, Patricia C, Duggan M, Norland P. PHYSICAL LITERACY: A MODEL TO ENGAGE AND SUPPORT OLDER ADULTS IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G.R. Jones
- Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada,
| | | | - A. Wister
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
| | - S. Chau
- Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada,
| | - B. Young
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - C. Patricia
- Active Living Coalition for Older Adults, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
| | - M. Duggan
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - P. Norland
- Canada 55 Plus Games, Cornwallis Park, Nova Scotia, Canada
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von Minckwitz G, Timms K, Untch M, Elkin EP, Hahnen E, Fasching PA, Schneeweiss A, Salat CT, Rezai M, Blohmer JU, Zahm DM, Jackisch C, Gerber B, Klare P, Kümmel S, Paepke S, Schmutzler R, Chau S, Reid J, Hartman AR, Nekljudova V, Weber KE, Loibl S. Abstract P1-09-02: Homologous repair deficiency (HRD) as measure to predict the effect of carboplatin on survival in the neoadjuvant phase II trial GeparSixto in triple-negative early breast cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p1-09-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Addition of carboplatin to anthracycline/taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy has shown to improve pathological complete response (pCR; ypT0 ypN0) rates in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in two large phase II studies (GeparSixto: von Minckwitz et al, Lancet Oncol 2014, CALGB 40603: Sikov WM, J Clin Oncol 2015). Participants of the GeparSixto study showed an improvement of pCR rate from 36.9 to 53.2% (p=0.005) and DFS by absolute 9% (HR 0.56 95% CI 0.33-0.96] p=0.035) with the addition of carboplatin in the TNBC subgroup. No effect was observed in the HER2-positive subgroup. We here report results on homologous repair deficiency (HRD) status in relation to pCR and DFS in the TNBC subgroup.
Patients and Methods
In the GeparSixto trial (NCT01426880), patients were treated for 18 weeks with paclitaxel 80mg/m2 q1w and non-pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD) 20mg/m2 q1w. Patients with TNBC (N=315) received concurrently bevacizumab 15mg/kg i.v. q2w until surgery. All patients were randomized 1:1 to receive concurrently carboplatin AUC 1.5-2 q1w vs no carboplatin. Carboplatin dose was reduced from AUC 2.0 to 1.5 by an amendment after 330 patients. Primary objective is pCR rate (ypT0 ypN0). Event free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were secondary objectives. HR Deficiency status was assessed on FFPE material from pretherapeutic core biopsies. HR Deficiency was defined as either HRD score high or a BRCA mutation.
Results
HRD status was measurable in 193 of 315 TNBC patients. 101 patients of them were randomly assigned to receive carboplatin and 92 to no additional carboplatin. After median follow-up of 34.3 months 43 event free survival (EFS) events have been reported.
HR deficiency was detected in 136 (70.5%) tumors of which 79 (58.1%) showed high HRD score with intact tBRCA. HR deficiency independently predicted pCR (ypT0is ypN0) (odds ratio (OR) 2.506, CI 1.243-5.051, p=0.009). Adding carboplatin to PM significantly increased the pCR rate from 36.6% to 63.2% in HR deficient tumors with intact tBRCA (p=0.018), only marginally from 61.9% to 72.7% in BRCA mutated tumors (p=0.406), and moderately from 20.0% to 40.7% in HR non-deficient tumors (p=0.086). In general, patients with HRD deficient tumors had a better ESF than non HRD deficient ones (HR 1.805 (0.985-3.309); p=0.0526). Patients with high HRD score had an insignificant trend towards an improved EFS compared to those with low HRD score (HR 1.546 (0.764-3.127) p=0.2223). HRD deficiency did not predict carboplatin effect in patients without BRCA mutation (HR 0.8617). In multivariable analysis, only therapy, clinical nodal status before treatment, and lymphocyte predominant breast cancer were significant prognostic on EFS.
Conclusion
Within the GeparSixto study HR deficiency (either HRD score high or BRCA mutation) was associated with a higher pCR in general and an improved EFS. The effect of carboplatin could not be predicted by HR deficiency in this relatively small study. However, the results will help to understand the role of HR deficiency and the value of the HRD score in TNBC especially in patients without BRCA mutation.
Citation Format: von Minckwitz G, Timms K, Untch M, Elkin EP, Hahnen E, Fasching PA, Schneeweiss A, Salat CT, Rezai M, Blohmer J-U, Zahm D-M, Jackisch C, Gerber B, Klare P, Kümmel S, Paepke S, Schmutzler R, Chau S, Reid J, Hartman A-R, Nekljudova V, Weber KE, Loibl S. Homologous repair deficiency (HRD) as measure to predict the effect of carboplatin on survival in the neoadjuvant phase II trial GeparSixto in triple-negative early breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- G von Minckwitz
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - K Timms
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - M Untch
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - EP Elkin
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - E Hahnen
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - PA Fasching
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - A Schneeweiss
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - CT Salat
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - M Rezai
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - J-U Blohmer
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - D-M Zahm
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - C Jackisch
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - B Gerber
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - P Klare
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - S Kümmel
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - S Paepke
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - R Schmutzler
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - S Chau
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - J Reid
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - A-R Hartman
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - V Nekljudova
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - KE Weber
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - S Loibl
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Salt Lake City; Helios Kliniken Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany; Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Salat/Stötzer, München, Germany; Luisenkrankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Charité, Brustzentrum, Berlin, Germany; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; SANA Klinikum Offenbach, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Rostock, Germany; Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen/Brustzentrum Berlin, Germany; Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
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Abstract
Psittacosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydophila psittaci. The most common presentation is atypical pneumonia. Three cases of pneumonia of varying severity due to psittacosis are described. All patients had a history of avian contact. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular detection of Chlamydophila psittaci in respiratory specimens. The cases showed good recovery with doxycycline treatment. Increased awareness of psittacosis can shorten diagnostic delay and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chau
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Eugene Y K Tso
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - W S Leung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Kitty S C Fung
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
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11
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Yates M, Timms K, Daniels M, Batte B, Ring K, Neff C, Potter J, Chau S, Chen J, Williams D, Perry M, Morris B, Gutin A, Amin Y, Munsell M, Schmeler K, Lanchbury J, Lu K. Next Generation Sequencing of Brca1/2 in High Grade Ovarian Tumors Expands Brca Defects Beyond Germline Mutations. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu338.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ip M, Chau S, Lui SL, Luo X, Ma H, Nelson T. Rapid determination of pneumococcal serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D by combination of PCRs to capsular gene loci of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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13
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Shayani S, Spielberger R, Tsai NC, Palmer J, Chau S, Forman S. Palifermin for Prevention of Oral Mucositis (OM) in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Using A Fractionated Total Body Irradiation (FTBI)-Based Conditioning Regimen. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.12.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mak B, McConkey F, Feng N, O'Reilly K, Fung S, Wang M, Chau S, Hahn S, Pereira D, Young D. 517 POSTER A monoclonal antibody (AR36A36.11.1) with potent in vivo efficacy in multiple human cancer models targets CD59. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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15
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McDonnell E, Lyons G, Chau S. Effects of storing blood in citrated silicone-coated glass tubes vs. citrated plastic tubes on thromboelastograph variables. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2007; 24:291-2. [PMID: 17087845 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021506001487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Few reports have described the clinical and microbiological features of cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients. AIM To compare clinical presentations and outcomes of cryptococcosis in immunocompetent vs. immunocompromised patients. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS All culture- or histology-confirmed cases (n = 46) of cryptococcosis in two acute hospitals in Hong Kong (1995-2005) were included. Clinical presentations, rates of fungaemia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters and clinical outcomes were recorded. RESULTS Twenty patients (43.5%) were apparently immunocompetent, 17 (37.0%) had predisposing factors other than HIV infection, and 9 (19.6%) were HIV-positive. Thirty-one (67.4%) presented with meningitis, four (8.7%) with pulmonary cryptococcosis, and 11 (23.9%) with extraneural, extrapulmonary cryptococcosis. Of the immunocompetent patients with retrievable isolates (n = 8), three (37.5%) were Cryptococcus gattii; all isolates (n = 6) from immunocompromised patients were Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. Immunocompetent patients more commonly presented with meningitis (80.0% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.03), and tended toward lower rates of fungaemia (10.0% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.06) and mortality (25.0% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.06). Death was associated with fungaemia (p = 0.01) and underlying malignancy (p < 0.01). In cryptococcal meningitis, immunocompetent patients had longer mean time from illness onset to presentation (34.4 vs. 12.6 days, p = 0.02), more intense inflammatory responses (CSF: white blood cells 108 vs. 35 x 10(9)/l, p = 0.03; protein 1.61 g/l vs. 0.79 g/l, p = 0.07), less fungaemia (0% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.04) and more satisfactory clinical outcomes (81.3% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.04). DISCUSSION A substantial proportion of patients with cryptococcosis are apparently immunocompetent. C. neoformans var. grubii and C. gattii are the common causes. Immunocompetent patients tend to present with localized, indolent neurological disease, with more intense inflammatory responses but better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 9/F Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
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Chang C, Holtzman DA, Chau S, Chickering T, Woolf EA, Holmgren LM, Bodorova J, Gearing DP, Holmes WE, Brivanlou AH. Twisted gastrulation can function as a BMP antagonist. Nature 2001; 410:483-7. [PMID: 11260717 DOI: 10.1038/35068583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), including the fly homologue Decapentaplegic (DPP), are important regulators of early vertebrate and invertebrate dorsal-ventral development. An evolutionarily conserved BMP regulatory mechanism operates from fly to fish, frog and mouse to control the dorsal-ventral axis determination. Several secreted factors, including the BMP antagonist chordin/Short gastrulation (SOG), modulate the activity of BMPs. In Drosophila, Twisted gastrulation (TSG) is also involved in dorsal-ventral patterning, yet the mechanism of its function is unclear. Here we report the characterization of the vertebrate Tsg homologues. We show that Tsg can block BMP function in Xenopus embryonic explants and inhibits several ventral markers in whole-frog embryos. Tsg binds directly to BMPs and forms a ternary complex with chordin and BMPs. Coexpression of Tsg with chordin leads to a more efficient inhibition of the BMP activity in ectodermal explants. Unlike other known BMP antagonists, however, Tsg also reduces several anterior markers at late developmental stages. Our data suggest that Tsg can function as a BMP inhibitor in Xenopus; furthermore, Tsg may have additional functions during frog embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chang
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, Box 32, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Fiebig A, Mayfield JA, Miley NL, Chau S, Fischer RL, Preuss D. Alterations in CER6, a gene identical to CUT1, differentially affect long-chain lipid content on the surface of pollen and stems. Plant Cell 2000; 12:2001-8. [PMID: 11041893 PMCID: PMC149136 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.12.10.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2000] [Accepted: 08/21/2000] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Very long chain lipids contribute to the hydrophobic cuticle on the surface of all land plants and are an essential component of the extracellular pollen coat in the Brassicaceae. Mutations in Arabidopsis CER genes eliminate very long chain lipids from the cuticle surface and, in some cases, from the pollen coat. In Arabidopsis, the loss of pollen coat lipids can disrupt interactions with the stigma, inhibiting pollen hydration and causing sterility. We have positionally cloned CER6 and demonstrate that a wild-type copy complements the cer6-2 defect. In addition, we have identified a fertile, intragenic suppressor, cer6-2R, that partially restores pollen coat lipids but does not rescue the stem wax defect, suggesting an intriguing difference in the requirements for CER6 activity on stems and the pollen coat. Importantly, analysis of this suppressor demonstrates that low amounts of very long chain lipids are sufficient for pollen hydration and germination. The predicted CER6 amino acid sequence resembles that of fatty acid-condensing enzymes, consistent with its role in the production of epicuticular and pollen coat lipids >28 carbons long. DNA sequence analysis revealed the nature of the cer6-1, cer6-2, and cer6-2R mutations, and segregation analysis showed that CER6 is identical to CUT1, a cDNA previously mapped to a different chromosome arm. Instead, we have determined that a new gene, CER60, with a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid similarity to CER6, resides at the original CUT1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fiebig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Grossi EA, Kallenbach K, Chau S, Derivaux CC, Aguinaga MG, Steinberg BM, Kim D, Iyer S, Tayyarah M, Artman M, Galloway AC, Colvin SB. Impact of heparin bonding on pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass: a prospective randomized study. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70:191-6. [PMID: 10921707 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(00)01319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparin-coated circuits reduce the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass in adult patients; however, little is known about its effects in the pediatric population. Two studies were performed to assess this technology's impact on inflammation and clinical outcomes. METHODS In a pilot study, complement and interleukins were measured in 19 patients who had either uncoated cardiopulmonary bypass circuits or heparin-bonded circuits. Subsequently, 23 additional patients were studied in a randomized fashion. Respiratory function and blood product utilization were recorded. RESULTS In the pilot study, heparin-bonded circuit patients had less complement 3a (p < 0.001) and interleukin-8 (p < 0.05) compared with uncoated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit patients. The randomized study revealed that the heparin-bonded circuit was associated with reduced complement 3a (p = 0.02). Multiple variable analysis revealed that the following postoperative variables were increased with bypass time (p = 0.01) and diminished with heparin-bonded circuits: interleukins (p = 0.01), peak airway pressures (p = 0.05), and prothrombin time (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Heparin-bonded circuits significantly reduce cytokines and complement during cardiopulmonary bypass and lower interleukin levels postbypass; they were also associated with improved pulmonary and coagulation function. Heparin-bonded circuits ameliorate the systemic inflammatory response in pediatric patients from cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Grossi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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20
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Pan T, Chau S, Von Planta M, Studer W, Scheidgger D. An experimental comparative study on the characteristics of ventricular fibrillation during cardiac arrest and methoxamine administration. Curr Med Sci 1997; 17:94-7. [PMID: 9639798 DOI: 10.1007/bf02888243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/1996] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a pure alpha-adrenergic agent, methoxamine on ventricular fibrillation (VF) amplitude and the relation between hemodynamic parameters and survival in a rodent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) model were studied. Our results suggested that: 1) VF amplitude decreased during untreated VF, but it increased during pericardial chest compression: 2) methoxamine significantly increased the mean aortic pressure (MAP) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) but not VF amplitude, and the survival also increased due to elevation of CPP; and 3) all surviving animals with successful defibrillation had a higher VF amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan. Wuhan
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21
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Andre F, Chau S. [Placing an indwelling urinary catheter in a female patient]. Soins 1986:III-IV. [PMID: 3635237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Chau S, André F. [Blood transfusions]. Soins 1985:III-IV. [PMID: 3847147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Madill M, Chau S. Auckland hospital staff cafeteria--a modern facility. N Z Hosp 1978; 30:7, 9. [PMID: 10308459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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