1
|
Martin-Orozco N, Vale N, Mihic A, Amor T, Reiter L, Arita Y, Samson R, Hu Q, Gingras AC, Sorenson BT, Marcusson EG, Patel P. Phase I randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled study of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8557. [PMID: 37236995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus was limited in poor countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, a low-cost mRNA vaccine, PTX-COVID19-B, was produced and evaluated in a Phase 1 trial. PTX-COVID19-B encodes Spike protein D614G variant without the proline-proline (986-987) mutation present in other COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of the study was to evaluate safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of PTX-COVID19-B vaccine in healthy seronegative adults 18-64 years old. The trial design was observer-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, and tested ascending doses of 16-µg, 40-µg, or 100-µg in a total of 60 subjects who received two intramuscular doses, 4 weeks apart. Participants were monitored for solicited and unsolicited adverse events after vaccination and were provided with a Diary Card and thermometer to report any reactogenicity during the trial. Blood samples were collected on baseline, days 8, 28, 42, 90, and 180 for serum analysis of total IgG anti-receptor binding domain (RBD)/Spike titers by ELISA, and neutralizing antibody titers by pseudovirus assay. Titers in BAU/mL were reported as geometric mean and 95% CI per cohort. After vaccination, few solicited adverse events were observed and were mild to moderate and self-resolved within 48 h. The most common solicited local and systemic adverse event was pain at the injection site, and headache, respectively. Seroconversion was observed in all vaccinated participants, who showed high antibody titers against RBD, Spike, and neutralizing activity against the Wuhan strain. Neutralizing antibody titers were also detected against Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants of concerns in a dose dependent manner. All tested doses of PTX-COVID19-B were safe, well-tolerated, and provided a strong immunogenicity response. The 40-µg dose showed fewer adverse reactions than the 100-µg dose, and therefore was selected for a Phase 2 trial, which is currently ongoing.Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04765436 (21/02/2021). ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04765436 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martin-Orozco
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings, 8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Ste 120, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada.
| | - Noah Vale
- Centricity Research, 2291 Kipling Avenue, Unit 117B, Toronto, ON, M9W 4L6, Canada
| | - Alan Mihic
- Centricity Research, 2291 Kipling Avenue, Unit 117B, Toronto, ON, M9W 4L6, Canada
| | - Talya Amor
- Centricity Research, 2291 Kipling Avenue, Unit 117B, Toronto, ON, M9W 4L6, Canada
| | - Lawrence Reiter
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings, 8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Ste 120, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada
| | - Yuko Arita
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings, 8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Ste 120, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Rm 4396, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Rm 4396, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Bradley Thomas Sorenson
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings, 8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Ste 120, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada
| | - Eric Gates Marcusson
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings, 8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Ste 120, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada
| | - Piyush Patel
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings, 8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Ste 120, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ray D, Laverty KU, Jolma A, Nie K, Samson R, Pour SE, Tam CL, von Krosigk N, Nabeel-Shah S, Albu M, Zheng H, Perron G, Lee H, Najafabadi H, Blencowe B, Greenblatt J, Morris Q, Hughes TR. RNA-binding proteins that lack canonical RNA-binding domains are rarely sequence-specific. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5238. [PMID: 37002329 PMCID: PMC10066285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) crosslink to cellular mRNA. Among these are numerous unconventional RBPs (ucRBPs)-proteins that associate with RNA but lack known RNA-binding domains (RBDs). The vast majority of ucRBPs have uncharacterized RNA-binding specificities. We analyzed 492 human ucRBPs for intrinsic RNA-binding in vitro and identified 23 that bind specific RNA sequences. Most (17/23), including 8 ribosomal proteins, were previously associated with RNA-related function. We identified the RBDs responsible for sequence-specific RNA-binding for several of these 23 ucRBPs and surveyed whether corresponding domains from homologous proteins also display RNA sequence specificity. CCHC-zf domains from seven human proteins recognized specific RNA motifs, indicating that this is a major class of RBD. For Nudix, HABP4, TPR, RanBP2-zf, and L7Ae domains, however, only isolated members or closely related homologs yielded motifs, consistent with RNA-binding as a derived function. The lack of sequence specificity for most ucRBPs is striking, and we suggest that many may function analogously to chromatin factors, which often crosslink efficiently to cellular DNA, presumably via indirect recruitment. Finally, we show that ucRBPs tend to be highly abundant proteins and suggest their identification in RNA interactome capture studies could also result from weak nonspecific interactions with RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashish Ray
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kaitlin U Laverty
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Arttu Jolma
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kate Nie
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sara E Pour
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cyrus L Tam
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niklas von Krosigk
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Syed Nabeel-Shah
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mihai Albu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hong Zheng
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Perron
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Hyunmin Lee
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hamed Najafabadi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Benjamin Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jack Greenblatt
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Quaid Morris
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Samson R, Zangari F, Gingras AC. Studying Cellular Dynamics Using Proximity-Dependent Biotinylation: Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2718:23-52. [PMID: 37665453 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3457-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the reorganization of proteins and organelles following the induction of reprogramming and differentiation programs is crucial to understand the mechanistic underpinning of morphological and fate changes associated with these processes. The advent of proximity-dependent biotinylation (PDB) methods has overcome some of the limitations of biochemical purification methods, enabling proteomic characterization of most subcellular compartments. The first-generation PDB enzyme, the biotin ligase BirA* used in BioID, has now been used in multiple studies determining the cellular context in which proteins reside, typically under standard growth conditions and using long labeling (usually 8-24 h) times. Capitalizing on the generation of more active PDB enzymes such as miniTurbo that can generate strong biotinylation signals in minutes rather than hours, as well as the development of an inducible lentiviral toolkit for BioID, we define here protocols for time-resolved PDB in primary cells. Here, we report the optimization and application of lentivirally delivered miniTurbo constructs to a mouse fibroblast model of somatic cell reprogramming, allowing the study of this dynamic process. This detailed protocol also provides a baseline reference for researchers who wish to adapt these techniques to other dynamic cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Samson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Zangari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferreira VH, Solera JT, Hu Q, Hall VG, Arbol BG, Rod Hardy W, Samson R, Marinelli T, Ierullo M, Virk AK, Kurtesi A, Mavandadnejad F, Majchrzak-Kita B, Kulasingam V, Gingras AC, Kumar D, Humar A. Homotypic and heterotypic immune responses to Omicron variant in immunocompromised patients in diverse clinical settings. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4489. [PMID: 35927279 PMCID: PMC9352686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients are predisposed to severe COVID-19. Here we compare homotypic and heterotypic humoral and cellular immune responses to Omicron BA.1 in organ transplant patients across a diverse clinical spectrum. We perform variant-specific pseudovirus neutralization assays for D614G, and Omicron-BA.1, -BA.2, and Delta variants. We also measure poly-and monofunctional T-cell responses to BA.1 and ancestral SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools. We identify that partially or fully-vaccinated transplant recipients after infection with Omicron BA.1 have the greatest BA.1 neutralizing antibody and BA.1-specific polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, with potent cross-neutralization against BA.2. In these patients, the magnitude of the BA.1-directed response is comparable to immunocompetent triple-vaccinated controls. A subset of patients with pre-Omicron infection have heterotypic responses to BA.1 and BA.2, whereas uninfected transplant patients with three doses of vaccine demonstrate the weakest comparative responses. These results have implications for risk of infection, re-infection, and disease severity among immune compromised hosts with Omicron infection. Immunocompromised individuals are predisposed to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, with transplant recipients typically displaying impaired immune response to pathogens, due to typical life-long immunosuppressive treatment. In this work, the authors evaluate the immune response to Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 in organ transplant recipients across a diverse clinical spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Javier T Solera
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria G Hall
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Berta G Arbol
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Rod Hardy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Marinelli
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Ierullo
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avneet Kaur Virk
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kurtesi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar D, Hu Q, Samson R, Ferreira VH, Hall VG, Ierullo M, Majchrzak-Kita B, Hardy W, Gingras AC, Humar A. Neutralization against Omicron variant in transplant recipients after three doses of mRNA vaccine. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2089-2093. [PMID: 35266606 PMCID: PMC9111417 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus Omicron variant has now supplanted wild-type virus as the dominant circulating strain globally. Three doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine are recommended for transplant recipients as their primary vaccine series. However, the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines as they specifically relate to the Omicron variant are not well studied. We analyzed Omicron-specific neutralization in transplant recipients after three-doses of mRNA-1273 vaccine. Neutralization was determined using a SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus assay with constructs for Omicron and Delta variants. A total of 60 transplant patients (kidney, kidney-pancreas, lung, heart, liver) were analyzed 1 month and 3 months after completion of three doses of mRNA-1273. At 1 month, 11/60 (18.3%) patients had detectable neutralizing antibody responses to Omicron (log10 ID50 of 2.38 [range 1.34-3.57]). At 3 months, 8/51 (15.7%) were positive (median log10 ID50 [1.68; range 1.12-3.61; approximate fivefold reduction over time]). The proportion of positive patients was lower for Omicron versus wild-type, and Omicron vs. Delta (p < .001). No demographic variables were found to be significantly associated with Omicron response. Many patients with a positive anti-RBD response still had undetectable Omicron-specific neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, three doses of mRNA vaccine results in poor neutralizing responses against the Omicron variant in transplant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Kumar
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Correspondence Deepali Kumar, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - William Hardy
- Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dayam RM, Law JC, Goetgebuer RL, Chao GY, Abe KT, Sutton M, Finkelstein N, Stempak JM, Pereira D, Croitoru D, Acheampong L, Rizwan S, Rymaszewski K, Milgrom R, Ganatra D, Batista NV, Girard M, Lau I, Law R, Cheung MW, Rathod B, Kitaygorodsky J, Samson R, Hu Q, Hardy WR, Haroon N, Inman RD, Piguet V, Chandran V, Silverberg MS, Gingras AC, Watts TH. Accelerated waning of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e159721. [PMID: 35471956 PMCID: PMC9220925 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDLimited information is available on the impact of immunosuppressants on COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID).METHODSThis observational cohort study examined the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or psoriatic disease, with or without maintenance immunosuppressive therapies. Ab and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2, including neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants, were determined before and after 1 and 2 vaccine doses.RESULTSWe prospectively followed 150 subjects, 26 healthy controls, 9 patients with IMID on no treatment, 44 on anti-TNF, 16 on anti-TNF with methotrexate/azathioprine (MTX/AZA), 10 on anti-IL-23, 28 on anti-IL-12/23, 9 on anti-IL-17, and 8 on MTX/AZA. Ab and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in all participants, increasing from dose 1 to dose 2 and declining 3 months later, with greater attrition in patients with IMID compared with healthy controls. Ab levels and neutralization efficacy against variants of concern were substantially lower in anti-TNF-treated patients than in healthy controls and were undetectable against Omicron by 3 months after dose 2.CONCLUSIONSOur findings support the need for a third dose of the mRNA vaccine and for continued monitoring of immunity in these patient groups.FUNDINGFunded by a donation from Juan and Stefania Speck and by Canadian Institutes of Health (CIHR)/COVID-Immunity Task Force (CITF) grants VR-1 172711 and VS1-175545 (to THW and ACG), CIHR FDN-143250 (to THW), GA2-177716 (to VC, ACG, and THW), and GA1-177703 (to ACG) and the CIHR rapid response network to SARS-CoV-2 variants, CoVaRR-Net (to ACG).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya M. Dayam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaclyn C. Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rogier L. Goetgebuer
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health
| | - Gary Y.C. Chao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kento T. Abe
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Mitchell Sutton
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Naomi Finkelstein
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Joanne M. Stempak
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health
| | - Daniel Pereira
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - David Croitoru
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lily Acheampong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saima Rizwan
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health
| | - Klaudia Rymaszewski
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health
| | - Raquel Milgrom
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health
| | - Darshini Ganatra
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Melanie Girard
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Lau
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle W. Cheung
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Kitaygorodsky
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Reuben Samson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W. Rod Hardy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nigil Haroon
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Robert D. Inman
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Tania H. Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Finkelstein N, Dayam RM, Law J, Goetgebuer R, Chao G, Abe KT, Sutton M, Stempak JM, Pereira D, Croitoru D, Acheampong L, Rizwan S, Rymaszewski K, Milgrom R, Ganatra D, Batista NV, Girard M, Lau I, Law R, Cheung M, Rathod B, Kitaygorodsky J, Samson R, Hu Q, Haroon N, Inman R, Piguet V, Silverberg M, Grigras AC, Watts TH, Chandran V. POS1217 ANTI-TNF THERAPY FOR IMMUNE MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER ANTIBODY LEVELS AND VIRUS NEUTRALIZATION EFFICACY FOLLOWING SARS-CoV-2 mRNA VACCINATION. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe impact of immunosuppressants on COVID-19 vaccination response and durability in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) is yet to be fully characterized. Humoral response may be attenuated in these patients especially those on B cell depleting therapy and higher doses of corticosteroids, but data regarding other immunosuppressants are scarce.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate antibody and T cell responses and durability to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b and/or mRNA 1273) in IMID patients on immunomodulatory maintenance therapy other than B-cell depleting therapy and corticosteroids.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study examined the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in adult patients with IMIDs (psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis) with or without maintenance immunosuppressive therapies (anti-TNF, methotrexate/azathioprine [MTX/AZA], anti-TNF + MTX/AZA, anti IL12/23, anti-IL-17, anti-IL23) compared to healthy controls. Automated ELISA for IgGs to spike trimer, spike receptor binding domain (RBD) and the nucleocapsid (NP) and T-cell release of 9 cytokines (IFNg, IL2, IL4, IL17A, TNF) and cytotoxic molecules (sFasL, GzmA, GzmB, Perforinin) in cell culture supernatants following stimulation with spike or NP peptide arrays were conducted at 4 time points: T1=pre vaccination, T2=median 26 days after dose 1, T3=median 16 days after dose 2 and T4=median 106 days after dose 2. Neutralization assays against four SARS-CoV-2 variants (wild type, delta, beta and gamma) were conducted at T3.ResultsWe followed 150 subjects: 26 healthy controls and 124 IMID patients: 9 untreated, 44 on anti-TNF, 16 on anti-TNF with MTX/AZA, 10 on anti-IL23, 28 on anti-IL12/23, 9 on anti-IL17, 8 on MTX/AZA (Table 1). Most patients mounted antibody and T cell responses with increases from dose 1 to dose 2 (100% seroconversion at T3) and some decline by T4, with variability within groups. Antibody levels and neutralization efficacy was lower in anti-TNFgroups (anti-TNF, anti-TNF + MTX/AZA) compared to controls and waned by T4 (Figure 1). T cell responses were not consistently different between groups. Pooled data showed a higher antibody response to mRNA-1273 compared to BNT162b.Table 1.Baseline characteristics of study participantsControluntreated IMIDAnti- TNFAnti- TNF +MTX/AZAAnti-IL-23Anti -IL-12/23Anti -IL-17MTX/AZAn=26n=9n=44n=16n=10n=28n=9n=8p-valueIMID*N/A IBD9301002704 Psoriasis1318122 PA0732172 AS0830010 RA1100011Age median years [IQR]36 [26-46]33 [27-41]38 [30-51]53 [44-59]48 [45-61]34 [28-47]49 [46-61]42 [31-55]<0.001^Sex male (%)16 (62)5 (56)18 (41)8 (50)5 (50)13 (46)6 (67)4 (50)0.772~BMImedian kg/m2 [IQR]25 [23-28]26 [22-27]22 [24-26]26 [24-28]27 [24-35]22 [21-24]32 [26-34]26[25-33]0.001^Vaccine interval median days [IQR]74 [35-84]54 [31-64]60 [45-69]64 [50-72]74 [35-84]62 [49-69]65 [52-75]58 [21-97]0.372^*multiple IMIDs per patient possibleFigure 1.Antibody responses (A) Anti spike and anti RBD IgG levels at indicated time points. Blue line represents median ratio in convalescent patients. The red line is the seropositivity threshold: the median antibody level of those that pass both a 1% false positive rate and show ≥3SD from the log means of the negative controls. (B) Relative ratio of RBD, spike and NP across time. Black and gray lines indicate median and mean values, respectively. *p≤0.05, **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001, ****p≤0.0001ConclusionFollowing 2 doses of mRNA vaccination there is 100% seroconversion in IMID patients on maintenance therapy. Antibody levels and neutralization efficacy in anti-TNF group are lower than controls, and wane substantially by 3 months after dose 2. These findings highlight the need for third dose in patients undergoing treatment with anti-TNF therapy and continued monitoring of immunity in these patient groups, taking into consideration newer variants and additional vaccine doses.AcknowledgementsThis work was funded by a donation from Juan and Stefania Speck and by grants VR-1 172711, VS1-175545, FDN-143250, GA1- 177703 and GA2- 177716, from Canadian Institutes of Health Research and COVID Immunity task force and by Sinai Health FoundationDisclosure of InterestsNaomi Finkelstein: None declared, Roya M. Dayam: None declared, Jaclyn Law: None declared, Rogier Goetgebuer: None declared, Gary Chao: None declared, Kento T. Abe: None declared, Mitchell Sutton: None declared, Joanne M. Stempak: None declared, Daniel Pereira: None declared, David Croitoru: None declared, Lily Acheampong: None declared, Saima Rizwan: None declared, Klaudia Rymaszewski: None declared, Raquel Milgrom: None declared, Darshini Ganatra: None declared, Nathalia V. Batista: None declared, Melanie Girard: None declared, Irene Lau: None declared, Ryan Law: None declared, Michelle Cheung: None declared, Bhavisha Rathod: None declared, Julia Kitaygorodsky: None declared, Reuben Samson: None declared, Queenie Hu: None declared, Nigil Haroon: None declared, Robert Inman Consultant of: AbbVie, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis., Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Novartis, Vincent Piguet Consultant of: AbbVie, Almirall, Celgene, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd, LEO Pharma,Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, and Union Therapeutic, Grant/research support from: Unrestricted educational grants from AbbVie, Bausch Health, Celgene, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, L’Oréal, NAOS, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre, Sandoz, and Sanofi, Mark Silverberg Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Janssen, Takeda, Pfizer, Gilead and Amgen, Consultant of: AbbVie, Janssen, Takeda, Pfizer, Gilead and Amgen, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Janssen, Takeda, Pfizer, Gilead and Amgen, Anne-Claude Grigras: None declared, Tania H. Watts: None declared, Vinod Chandran Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Eli-Lilly.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar D, Ferreira VH, Hall VG, Hu Q, Samson R, Ku T, Ierullo M, Majchrzak-Kita B, Tomlinson G, Gingras AC, Humar A. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Transplant Recipients After Two and Three Doses of mRNA-1273 Vaccine : Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:226-233. [PMID: 34807716 PMCID: PMC8628360 DOI: 10.7326/m21-3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is more severe in transplant recipients. Variants of concern have supplanted wild-type virus. In transplant recipients, data are limited on 2-dose or 3-dose vaccine immunogenicity against variant viruses. OBJECTIVE To assess neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants in transplant recipients after 2 and 3 vaccine doses. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of a third dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine versus placebo. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04885907). SETTING Single-center transplant program. PATIENTS Organ transplant recipients. INTERVENTION Third dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine versus placebo. MEASUREMENTS Sera were analyzed for neutralization against wild-type virus and the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants using a surrogate virus neutralization assay and a spike-pseudotyped lentivirus assay. RESULTS A total of 117 transplant recipients were analyzed (60 in the mRNA-1273 group and 57 in the placebo group). Sera were obtained before and 4 to 6 weeks after the third dose. After 2 doses, the proportion of patients with positive neutralization for all 3 variants was small compared with wild-type virus. After the third dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine, the proportion with a positive neutralization response versus placebo was improved for all 3 variants as measured by both assays. Based on the pseudovirus neutralization assay against the Delta variant, 33 of 60 (55%) patients were positive in the mRNA-1273 group versus 10 of 57 (18%) in the placebo group (difference, 37 [95% CI, 19 to 53] percentage points). The differences were 36 (CI, 17 to 51) percentage points for the Alpha variant and 31 (CI, 15 to 46) percentage points for the Beta variant. In the mRNA-1273 group, lower neutralization values were observed for variants compared with wild-type virus, especially the Beta variant. LIMITATIONS There is no clear correlate of protection for neutralizing antibody. This was a secondary analysis. CONCLUSION In organ transplant recipients, a third dose of mRNA vaccine increases neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 variants compared with placebo. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Ajmera Transplant Centre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Kumar
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.K., V.H.F., V.G.H., T.K., M.I., B.M., G.T., A.H.)
| | - Victor H Ferreira
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.K., V.H.F., V.G.H., T.K., M.I., B.M., G.T., A.H.)
| | - Victoria G Hall
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.K., V.H.F., V.G.H., T.K., M.I., B.M., G.T., A.H.)
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Q.H.)
| | - Reuben Samson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.S., A.G.)
| | - Terrance Ku
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.K., V.H.F., V.G.H., T.K., M.I., B.M., G.T., A.H.)
| | - Matthew Ierullo
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.K., V.H.F., V.G.H., T.K., M.I., B.M., G.T., A.H.)
| | - Beata Majchrzak-Kita
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.K., V.H.F., V.G.H., T.K., M.I., B.M., G.T., A.H.)
| | - George Tomlinson
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.K., V.H.F., V.G.H., T.K., M.I., B.M., G.T., A.H.)
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.S., A.G.)
| | - Atul Humar
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.K., V.H.F., V.G.H., T.K., M.I., B.M., G.T., A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu J, Budylowski P, Samson R, Griffin BD, Babuadze G, Rathod B, Colwill K, Abioye JA, Schwartz JA, Law R, Yip L, Ahn SK, Chau S, Naghibosadat M, Arita Y, Hu Q, Yue FY, Banerjee A, Hardy WR, Mossman K, Mubareka S, Kozak RA, Pollanen MS, Martin Orozco N, Gingras AC, Marcusson EG, Ostrowski MA. Preclinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabj9815. [PMID: 35044832 PMCID: PMC8769538 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines are needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report the preclinical development of a lipid nanoparticle–formulated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, PTX-COVID19-B. PTX-COVID19-B was chosen among three candidates after the initial mouse vaccination results showed that it elicited the strongest neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. Further tests in mice and hamsters indicated that PTX-COVID19-B induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and completely protected the vaccinated animals from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung. Studies in hamsters also showed that PTX-COVID19-B protected the upper respiratory tract from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mouse immune sera elicited by PTX-COVID19-B vaccination were able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta lineages. No adverse effects were induced by PTX-COVID19-B in either mice or hamsters. Based on these results, PTX-COVID19-B was authorized by Health Canada to enter clinical trials in December 2020 with a phase 2 clinical trial ongoing.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Canada
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Liposomes/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nanoparticles
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Budylowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ryan Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily Yip
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sang Kyun Ahn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Serena Chau
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yuko Arita
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Yun Yue
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - W. Rod Hardy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael S. Pollanen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric G. Marcusson
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
- Marcusson Consulting, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mario A. Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drews SJ, Abe KT, Hu Q, Samson R, Gingras AC, Colwill K, Rathod B, Wang J, Fazel-Zarandi M, Yi QL, Robinson A, Wood H, Tuite A, Fisman D, Evans DH, Lin YCJ, O'Brien SF. Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 beta and gamma variants to plasma collected from Canadian blood donors during the spring of 2020. Transfusion 2021; 62:37-43. [PMID: 34662434 PMCID: PMC8662190 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This pilot study assesses the ability of plasma collected from Canadian blood donors in the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to neutralize later SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A repeated cross-sectional design was used, and a random cross-sectional sample of all available Canadian Blood Services retention samples (n = 1500/month) was drawn monthly for April and May of 2020. Qualitative IgG analysis was performed on aliquots of specimens using anti-spike, anti-receptor binding domain, and anti-nucleocapsid protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as well as the Abbott Architect SARS CoV-2 IgG assay (Abbott Laboratories) against the anti-nucleocapsid protein. Selected plasma specimens were then assessed for neutralization against VOCs using pseudotyped lentivirus inhibition assays as well as plaque reduction neutralization test 50% (PRNT50 ). RESULTS Six specimens with a high neutralizing titer against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and three specimens with a low neutralizing titer against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were chosen for further analysis against VOCs. Four of six high neutralizing titer specimens had a reduced neutralizing capacity against beta VOCs by both neutralization methods. Three of six high neutralizing titer specimens had reduced neutralization capacity against gamma VOCs. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary data can be used as a justification for limiting the use of first wave plasma products in upcoming clinical trials but cannot be used to speculate on general trends in the immunity of Canadian blood donors to SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Drews
- Microbiology, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kento T Abe
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Queenie Hu
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Wang
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahya Fazel-Zarandi
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi-Long Yi
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssia Robinson
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Heidi Wood
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Tuite
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Fisman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H Evans
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yi-Chan J Lin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheila F O'Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Azad T, Singaravelu R, Taha Z, Jamieson TR, Boulton S, Crupi MJF, Martin NT, Fekete EEF, Poutou J, Ghahremani M, Pelin A, Nouri K, Rezaei R, Marshall CB, Enomoto M, Arulanandam R, Alluqmani N, Samson R, Gingras AC, Cameron DW, Greer PA, Ilkow CS, Diallo JS, Bell JC. Nanoluciferase complementation-based bioreporter reveals the importance of N-linked glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 S for viral entry. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1984-2000. [PMID: 33578036 PMCID: PMC7872859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the immediate need for the development of antiviral therapeutics targeting different stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. We developed a bioluminescence-based bioreporter to interrogate the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (S) protein and its host entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The bioreporter assay is based on a nanoluciferase complementation reporter, composed of two subunits, large BiT and small BiT, fused to the S receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and ACE2 ectodomain, respectively. Using this bioreporter, we uncovered critical host and viral determinants of the interaction, including a role for glycosylation of asparagine residues within the RBD in mediating successful viral entry. We also demonstrate the importance of N-linked glycosylation to the RBD's antigenicity and immunogenicity. Our study demonstrates the versatility of our bioreporter in mapping key residues mediating viral entry as well as screening inhibitors of the ACE2-RBD interaction. Our findings point toward targeting RBD glycosylation for therapeutic and vaccine strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Asparagine/chemistry
- Asparagine/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Biological Assay
- COVID-19/diagnosis
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- Genes, Reporter
- Glycosylation/drug effects
- HEK293 Cells
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Humans
- Lectins/pharmacology
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Luminescent Measurements
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Virus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- SARS-CoV-2/growth & development
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Virus Internalization/drug effects
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Azad
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Zaid Taha
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Taylor R Jamieson
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephen Boulton
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu J F Crupi
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nikolas T Martin
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Emily E F Fekete
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joanna Poutou
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adrian Pelin
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kazem Nouri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | - Masahiro Enomoto
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rozanne Arulanandam
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Nouf Alluqmani
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - D William Cameron
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cristina A, Samson R, Horemans N, Van Hees M, Wannijn J, Bruggeman M, Sweeck L. Interception of radionuclides by planophile crops: A simple semi-empirical modelling approach in case of nuclear accident fallout. Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115308. [PMID: 32835917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after an atmospheric release, the interception of radionuclides by crop canopies represents the main uptake pathway leading to food chain contamination. The food chain models currently used in European emergency decision support systems require a large number of input parameters, which inevitably leads to high model complexity. In this study, we have established a new relationship for wet deposited radionuclides to simplify the current modelling approaches. This relationship is based on the hypothesis that the stage of plant development is the key factor governing the interception of radionuclides by crops having horizontally oriented leaves (planophile crops). The interception fraction (f) and the leaf area index normalized (fLAI) and mass normalized (fB) interception fractions were assessed for spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and radish (Raphanus sativus) at different stages of plant development and for different contamination treatments and plant densities. A database of 191 f values for Cs-137 and Th-229 was built and complemented with existing literature covering various radionuclides and crops with similar canopy structure. The overall f increased with the plant growth, while the reverse was observed for fB. The fLAI significantly decreased by doubling the contaminated rainfall deposited. Fitting a multiple linear regression to predict the f value as a function of the standing biomass (B), and the radionuclide form (anion and cation) led to a better estimation of the interception (R2 = 81%) than the ECOSYS-87 model (R2 = 35%). Hence, the simplified modelling approach here proposed seems to be a suitable risk assessment tool as fewer parameters will minimize the model complexity and facilitate the decision-making procedures in case of emergencies, when countermeasures need to be identified and implemented promptly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cristina
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN, Foundation of Public Utility), 2400, Mol, Belgium; Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - R Samson
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - N Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN, Foundation of Public Utility), 2400, Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - M Van Hees
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN, Foundation of Public Utility), 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - J Wannijn
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN, Foundation of Public Utility), 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - M Bruggeman
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN, Foundation of Public Utility), 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - L Sweeck
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN, Foundation of Public Utility), 2400, Mol, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abe KT, Li Z, Samson R, Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Valcourt EJ, Wood H, Budylowski P, Dupuis AP, Girardin RC, Rathod B, Wang JH, Barrios-Rodiles M, Colwill K, McGeer AJ, Mubareka S, Gommerman JL, Durocher Y, Ostrowski M, McDonough KA, Drebot MA, Drews SJ, Rini JM, Gingras AC. A simple protein-based surrogate neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142362. [PMID: 32870820 PMCID: PMC7566699 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mount a humoral immune response to the virus within a few weeks of infection, but the duration of this response and how it correlates with clinical outcomes has not been completely characterized. Of particular importance is the identification of immune correlates of infection that would support public health decision-making on treatment approaches, vaccination strategies, and convalescent plasma therapy. While ELISA-based assays to detect and quantitate antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples have been developed, the detection of neutralizing antibodies typically requires more demanding cell-based viral assays. Here, we present a safe and efficient protein-based assay for the detection of serum and plasma antibodies that block the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) with its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The assay serves as a surrogate neutralization assay and is performed on the same platform and in parallel with an ELISA for the detection of antibodies against the RBD, enabling a direct comparison. The results obtained with our assay correlate with those of 2 viral-based assays, a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) that uses live SARS-CoV-2 virus and a spike pseudotyped viral vector-based assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kento T. Abe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Payman Samavarchi-Tehrani
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emelissa J. Valcourt
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Heidi Wood
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patrick Budylowski
- Department of Immunology and
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan P. Dupuis
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Roxie C. Girardin
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny H. Wang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam Barrios-Rodiles
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison J. McGeer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Microbiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yves Durocher
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mario Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology and
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen A. McDonough
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael A. Drebot
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Steven J. Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB & Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James M. Rini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Samson R, Gingras AC. Proximity Dependent Biotinylation: Key Enzymes and Adaptation to Proteomics Approaches. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:757-773. [PMID: 32127388 PMCID: PMC7196579 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of protein subcellular distribution, their assembly into complexes and the set of proteins with which they interact with is essential to our understanding of fundamental biological processes. Complementary to traditional assays, proximity-dependent biotinylation (PDB) approaches coupled with mass spectrometry (such as BioID or APEX) have emerged as powerful techniques to study proximal protein interactions and the subcellular proteome in the context of living cells and organisms. Since their introduction in 2012, PDB approaches have been used in an increasing number of studies and the enzymes themselves have been subjected to intensive optimization. How these enzymes have been optimized and considerations for their use in proteomics experiments are important questions. Here, we review the structural diversity and mechanisms of the two main classes of PDB enzymes: the biotin protein ligases (BioID) and the peroxidases (APEX). We describe the engineering of these enzymes for PDB and review emerging applications, including the development of PDB for coincidence detection (split-PDB). Lastly, we briefly review enzyme selection and experimental design guidelines and reflect on the labeling chemistries and their implication for data interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reuben Samson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Viau S, Majeau-Bettez G, Spreutels L, Legros R, Margni M, Samson R. Substitution modelling in life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management. Waste Manag 2020; 102:795-803. [PMID: 31812832 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is gaining importance worldwide in guiding waste management policies. The capacity of co-products such as recycled materials and recovered energy to avoid primary production of equivalent products largely determines the environmental performance of waste treatment technologies. Estimating the reductions in resource use, emissions, and impacts enabled by this substitution of primary production is often the most influential and controversial factor in quantifying the overall environmental performance of a waste management strategy. This study aims to critically evaluate the modelling of substitution in LCAs of recovered material from municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS) by answering two questions. First, to what extent is substitution modelling transparently documented in the literature? Second, are the substitution ratios justified to represent physically realistic replacement of one product by another? To address these questions, we performed a systematic analysis of 51 LCA studies on MSWMS published in the peer-reviewed literature. We found that 22% of the substitution ratios are only implicitly expressed. A significant proportion of substitution ratios is not justified (65%), while for the remaining 35%, justifications do not represent physically realistic substitutions. We call for more rigor and transparency, and we propose guidance for the documentation of substitution ratios, with the aim of reaching more credible and robust analyses. For the justification of a substitution ratio to be considered physically realistic, information should notably be provided concerning loss of quality, the function performed by substitutable materials, and the sector of use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Viau
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - G Majeau-Bettez
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Industrial Ecology Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - L Spreutels
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - R Legros
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - M Margni
- CIRAIG, Department of Mathematical and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - R Samson
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Viau S, Majeau-Bettez G, Spreutels L, Legros R, Margni M, Samson R. Substitution modelling in life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management. Waste Manag 2020. [PMID: 31812832 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.042.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is gaining importance worldwide in guiding waste management policies. The capacity of co-products such as recycled materials and recovered energy to avoid primary production of equivalent products largely determines the environmental performance of waste treatment technologies. Estimating the reductions in resource use, emissions, and impacts enabled by this substitution of primary production is often the most influential and controversial factor in quantifying the overall environmental performance of a waste management strategy. This study aims to critically evaluate the modelling of substitution in LCAs of recovered material from municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS) by answering two questions. First, to what extent is substitution modelling transparently documented in the literature? Second, are the substitution ratios justified to represent physically realistic replacement of one product by another? To address these questions, we performed a systematic analysis of 51 LCA studies on MSWMS published in the peer-reviewed literature. We found that 22% of the substitution ratios are only implicitly expressed. A significant proportion of substitution ratios is not justified (65%), while for the remaining 35%, justifications do not represent physically realistic substitutions. We call for more rigor and transparency, and we propose guidance for the documentation of substitution ratios, with the aim of reaching more credible and robust analyses. For the justification of a substitution ratio to be considered physically realistic, information should notably be provided concerning loss of quality, the function performed by substitutable materials, and the sector of use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Viau
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - G Majeau-Bettez
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Industrial Ecology Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - L Spreutels
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - R Legros
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - M Margni
- CIRAIG, Department of Mathematical and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - R Samson
- Chaire de Recherche sur la Valorisation des Matières Résiduelles (CRVMR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Abdouni H, Samson R, Gingras AC. A Versatile Lentiviral Delivery Toolkit for Proximity-dependent Biotinylation in Diverse Cell Types. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2256-2269. [PMID: 29991506 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir118.000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximity-dependent biotinylation strategies have emerged as powerful tools to characterize the subcellular context of proteins in living cells. The popular BioID approach employs an abortive E. coli biotin ligase mutant (R118G; denoted as BirA*), which when fused to a bait protein enables the covalent biotinylation of endogenous proximal polypeptides. This approach has been mainly applied to the study of protein proximity in immortalized mammalian cell lines. To expand the application space of BioID, here we describe a set of lentiviral vectors that enable the inducible expression of BirA*-tagged bait fusion proteins for performing proximity-dependent biotinylation in diverse experimental systems. We benchmark this highly adaptable toolkit across immortalized and primary cell systems, demonstrating the ease, versatility and robustness of the system. We also provide guidelines to perform BioID using these reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Abdouni
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,§Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada; .,§Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gabrio T, Dill I, Fischer G, Grün L, Rabe R, Samson R, Seidl HP, Szewzyk R, Trautmann C, Warscheid T, Weidner U. Strategien und Ziele der Etablierung eines Ringversuchs „Differenzierung von innenraumrelevanten Schimmelpilzen‟. Mycoses 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2003.tb00035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Th. Gabrio
- Landesgesundheitsamt BW; Wiederholdstr. 15 D-70174 Stuttgart
| | - Ingrid Dill
- Umweltmykologie GbR, Aufg. D; Zossener Str. 56-58 D-10961 Berlin
| | - G. Fischer
- Inst. f. Hyg. u. Umweltmed. - Klinikum; Pauwelsstr. 30 D-52057 Aachen
| | - L. Grün
- Eco-Luftqualität + Raumluft; Sachsenring 69 D-50677 Köln
| | - R. Rabe
- Labor Dr. Rabe HygieneConsult; Am Technologiepark 1 D-45307 Essen
| | - R. Samson
- CBS; Post Box 89167 NL-3908 AD Utrecht NL
| | - H.-P. Seidl
- Lehrstuhl f. Mikrobiologie, Klinik u. Poliklinik f. Dermatologie u. Allergologie TU; München Biedersteinerstr. 29 80802 München
| | | | - Ch. Trautmann
- Umweltmykologie GbR, Aufg. D; Zossener Str. 56-58 D-10961 Berlin
| | | | - Ursula Weidner
- Landesgesundheitsamt BW; Wiederholdstr. 15 D-70174 Stuttgart
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bonelli S, Thompson P, Yogarajah M, Powell R, Samson R, McEvoy A, Symms M, Koepp M, Duncan J. Imaging memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: reorganisation of verbal and visual memory function following anterior temporal lobe resection. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
20
|
Khavanin Zadeh AR, Veroustraete F, Buytaert JAN, Dirckx J, Samson R. Assessing urban habitat quality using spectral characteristics of Tilia leaves. Environ Pollut 2013; 178:7-14. [PMID: 23517817 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring environmental quality in urban areas is an important issue offering possibilities to control and improve urban habitat quality as well as to avoid adverse effects on human health. A tree leaf reflectance-based bio-monitoring method was used to assess the urban habitat quality of two contrasting habitat classes in the city of Gent (Belgium). As test trees, two Tilia species were selected. Custom made Matlab code is applied to process the measurements of leaf reflectance. This enables the discrimination between polluted and less polluted habitats. The results elicit, that leaf reflectance in the PAR range, as well as the NDAI (Normalised Difference Asymmetry index) are species dependent while Dorsiventral Leaf Reflectance Correlation (DLRC) seems to be independent of species. Therefore the assessment of urban habitat quality is perfectly feasible using leaf reflectance, when taking account of the species specificity of tree leaf physiological and structural responses to habitat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Khavanin Zadeh
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ranjbarfordoei A, Vandamme P, Samson R. Some ecophysiological characteristics of artà (Calligonum comosum Ľ Hérit) in response to drought stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11632-013-0208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Gagne-Bourgue F, Aliferis K, Seguin P, Rani M, Samson R, Jabaji S. Isolation and characterization of indigenous endophytic bacteria associated with leaves of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum
L.) cultivars. J Appl Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Gagne-Bourgue
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - K.A. Aliferis
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - P. Seguin
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - M. Rani
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - R. Samson
- Resource Efficient Agricultural Production (REAP) Canada; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - S. Jabaji
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
A strategy for the examination of repeat chronic exposure employed chemicals in the MEIC scheme. Repeat exposure to a non-cytotoxic concentration of certain chemicals leads to changes in sensitivity to a subsequent acute challenge. Six sequential exposures to 3T3-L1 cells, maintained in exponential growth, to ethylene glycol results in an enhanced resistance to cytotoxic damage from a subsequent challenge with 2-propanol. 2-propanol pre-exposure did not alter sensitivity to ethylene glycol. Ethanol or methanol pre-exposure reduces the apparent toxicity to a subsequent challenge with methanol or ethanol. Paracetamol or aspirin pretreatment reduces the toxic effects of paracetamol or aspirin. Hence, repeat exposure can result in a modulation of the cellular responses noted in vitro to cytotoxic concentrations of chemicals. This method demonstrates one approach to examining in vitro the relevance of chronic toxicity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H Clothier
- FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Parikh K, Witte MH, Samson R, Teodori M, Carpenter JB, Lowe MC, Morgan W, Hardin C, Brown M, Naughton Y, Sinha S, Barber BJ. Successful treatment of plastic bronchitis with low fat diet and subsequent thoracic duct ligation in child with fontan physiology. Lymphology 2012; 45:47-52. [PMID: 23057148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastic bronchitis is a rare condition characterized by the formation and expectoration of long, branching bronchial casts that develop in the tracheobronchial tree and cause airway obstruction. Plastic bronchitis has become increasingly recognized as a feared complication of the Fontan operation with a mortality of up to 50%. We report an 11 year old boy who developed severe plastic bronchitis following Fontan repair and the successful long-term control of cast formation utilizing a low-fat diet and subsequent thoracic duct ligation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khavanin Zadeh AR, Veroustraete F, Wuyts K, Kardel F, Samson R. Dorsi-ventral leaf reflectance properties of Carpinus betulus L.: an indicator of urban habitat quality. Environ Pollut 2012; 162:332-337. [PMID: 22243882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to give an account of the evaluation of the effect of urban habitat quality on dorsi-ventral leaf reflectance asymmetry to bio-monitor urban habitat pollution. Reflectance in the RGB bands of a reflex camera is measured at the adaxial and abaxial sides of Carpinus betulus L. leaves for two contrasting urban habitats, e.g.; suburban green and industrial habitats in the city of Gent (Belgium). Abaxial leaf reflectance is consistently higher than adaxial leaf reflectance. We quantified leaf dorsi-ventral reflectance asymmetry with a newly defined Normalized Dorsi-ventral Asymmetry Index (NDAI). The NDAI is significantly higher in industrial habitats as opposed to suburban green ones. Our optical observations indicate that changes in Carpinus betulus L. leaf morphology are related to urban habitat quality. Hence, we suggest that leaf dorsi-ventral reflectance asymmetry allows the estimation of the magnitude and spatial extent of environmental pollution in urban environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Khavanin Zadeh
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Steckling N, Claßen T, Mekel O, Schümann M, Schillmöller Z, Conrad A, Samson R, Terschüren C, Popp J, Röttger J, Wintermeyer D, Hornberg C. Anwendung des Environmental Burden of Disease-Ansatzes zur Schätzung der verteilungsbasierten umweltbedingten Krankheitslast in Deutschland. Gesundheitswesen 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
27
|
Bodini B, Battaglini M, De Stefano N, Khaleeli Z, Barkhof F, Chard D, Filippi M, Montalban X, Polman C, Rovaris M, Rovira A, Samson R, Miller D, Thompson A, Ciccarelli O. T2 lesion location really matters: a 10 year follow-up study in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82:72-7. [PMID: 20627965 PMCID: PMC3002838 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.201574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prediction of long term clinical outcome in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) using imaging has important clinical implications, but remains challenging. We aimed to determine whether spatial location of T2 and T1 brain lesions predicts clinical progression during a 10-year follow-up in PPMS. METHODS Lesion probability maps of the T2 and T1 brain lesions were generated using the baseline scans of 80 patients with PPMS who were clinically assessed at baseline and then after 1, 2, 5 and 10 years. For each patient, the time (in years) taken before bilateral support was required to walk (time to event (TTE)) was used as a measure of progression rate. The probability of each voxel being 'lesional' was correlated with TTE, adjusting for age, gender, disease duration, centre and spinal cord cross sectional area, using a multiple linear regression model. To identify the best, independent predictor of progression, a Cox regression model was used. RESULTS A significant correlation between a shorter TTE and a higher probability of a voxel being lesional on T2 scans was found in the bilateral corticospinal tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus, and in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (p<0.05). The best predictor of progression rate was the T2 lesion load measured along the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (p=0.016, hazard ratio 1.00652, 95% CI 1.00121 to 1.01186). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the location of T2 brain lesions in the motor and associative tracts is an important contributor to the progression of disability in PPMS, and is independent of spinal cord involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bodini
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Monier C, Bossis E, Chabanet C, Samson R. Different bacteria can enhance the micropropagation response of Cotoneaster lacteus (Rosaceae). J Appl Microbiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1998.tb05270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Claßen T, Mekel O, Schümann M, Schillmöller Z, Conrad A, Samson R, Steckling N, Terschüren C, Sierig S, Popp J, Wintermeyer D, Hornberg C. Die umweltbedingte Krankheitslast in Deutschland: Verteilungsbasierte Analyse gesundheitlicher Auswirkungen von Umwelt-Stressoren (VegAS). Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Kardel F, Wuyts K, Babanezhad M, Vitharana UWA, Wuytack T, Potters G, Samson R. Assessing urban habitat quality based on specific leaf area and stomatal characteristics of Plantago lanceolata L. Environ Pollut 2010; 158:788-94. [PMID: 19896758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study has evaluated urban habitat quality by studying specific leaf area (SLA) and stomatal characteristics of the common herb Plantago lanceolata L. SLA and stomatal density, pore surface and resistance were measured at 169 locations in the city of Gent (Belgium), distributed over four land use classes, i.e., sub-urban green, urban green, urban and industry. SLA and stomatal density significantly increased from sub-urban green towards more urbanised land use classes, while the reverse was observed for stomatal pore surface. Stomatal resistance increased in the urban and industrial land use class in comparison with the (sub-) urban green, but differences between land use classes were less pronounced. Spatial distribution maps for these leaf characteristics showed a high spatial variation, related to differences in habitat quality within the city. Hence, stomatal density and stomatal pore surface are assumed to be potentially good bio-indicators for urban habitat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Kardel
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
De Caluwé E, De Smedt S, Assogbadjo AE, Samson R, Sinsin B, Van Damme P. Ethnic differences in use value and use patterns of baobab (Adansonia digitataL.) in northern Benin. Afr J Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.01023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
Aflatoxins are decaketide-derived secondary metabolites which are produced by a complex biosynthetic pathway. Aflatoxins are among the economically most important mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 exhibits hepatocarcinogenic and hepatotoxic properties, and is frequently referred to as the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen. Acute aflatoxicosis epidemics occur in several parts of Asia and Africa leading to the death of several hundred people. Aflatoxin production has incorrectly been claimed for a long list of Aspergillus species and also for species assigned to other fungal genera. Recent data indicate that aflatoxins are produced by 13 species assigned to three sections of the genus Aspergillus: section Flavi (A. flavus, A. pseudotamarii, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. bombycis, A. parvisclerotigenus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. arachidicola), section Nidulantes (Emericella astellata, E. venezuelensis, E. olivicola) and section Ochraceorosei (A. ochraceoroseus, A. rambellii). Several species claimed to produce aflatoxins have been synonymised with other aflatoxin producers, including A. toxicarius (=A. parasiticus), A. flavus var. columnaris (=A. flavus) or A. zhaoqingensis (=A. nomius). Compounds with related structures include sterigmatocystin, an intermediate of aflatoxin biosynthesis produced by several Aspergilli and species assigned to other genera, and dothistromin produced by a range of non-Aspergillus species. In this review, we wish to give an overview of aflatoxin production including the list of species incorrectly identified as aflatoxin producers, and provide short descriptions of the 'true' aflatoxin producing species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Varga
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J. Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R. Samson
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Fifty individual figs which had been rejected as potentially contaminated by sorting under UV light were separately analysed to identify the presence of fungi and their mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 was found in 49 samples with levels ranging from 0.7 to 222 ng g-1, with 40 individual figs containing more than 2 ng g-1, indicating the efficacy of the UV screening process in identifying contaminated fruit. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was found in 32 of the figs at levels from 0.4 to 1710 ng g-1, with 50% of the samples containing levels above 1 ng g-1. There was no evident correlation between levels of aflatoxin B1 and levels of OTA. Twenty fungal species were isolated from the outer and inner surfaces of the figs, some of which were subsequently cultured on YES and PDB and the media analysed for the presence of aflatoxin B1 and OTA to establish their toxigenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Şenyuva
- Ankara Test and Analysis Laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Ankara 06330, Turkey
| | - J. Gilbert
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R. Samson
- Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, 3508 AD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S. Özcan
- Ankara Test and Analysis Laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Ankara 06330, Turkey
| | - Ş. Öztürkoğlu
- Ankara Test and Analysis Laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Ankara 06330, Turkey
| | - D. Önal
- Department of Biology, Gazi University, 06530 Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Copeland J, Smith R, Nolan P, Barber B, Samson R. 395: Bridge to recovery with pulsatile pump support in children under two years of age. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.11.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
35
|
Ozdemir U, Loria GR, Godinho KS, Samson R, Rowan TG, Churchward C, Ayling RD, Nicholas RAJ. Effect of danofloxacin (Advocin A180) on goats affected with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2006; 38:533-40. [PMID: 17265768 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-006-4427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of danofloxacin (Advocin A180) was evaluated for the treatment of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. Ten healthy Angora goats, confirmed free of CCPP, were exposed to clinically affected animals from a natural outbreak in Thrace, Turkey. After 14 days exposure, 8 goats showed pyrexia ( > or = 41 degrees C). Shortly after, the Angora goats were divided randomly into two groups. Five of these were injected with danofloxacin (6 mg/kg subcutaneously), which was repeated after 48 h; the five remaining animals received saline. Goats were monitored clinically and blood samples were collected for serology. Animals with severe disease were withdrawn from the trial. Goats completing the study were euthanized at day 42. Lung tissue and bronchial fluid were collected for mycoplasma isolation. All danofloxacin-treated goats showed resolution of clinical disease by the end of the trial. Two saline-treated goats failed to complete the study owing to CCPP. Danofloxacin-treated goats showed fewer lung lesions and had significantly lower combined clinical scores than saline controls (p < 0.001). Danofloxacin was found to be highly effective in the treatment of CCPP in goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Ozdemir
- Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Meers E, Ruttens A, Geebelen W, Vangronsveld J, Samson R, Vanbroekhoven K, Vandegehuchte M, Diels L, Tack FMG. Potential use of the plant antioxidant network for environmental exposure assessment of heavy metals in soils. Environ Monit Assess 2006; 120:243-67. [PMID: 16897526 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-9059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, awareness has risen that the total soil content of pollutants by itself does not suffice to fully assess the potential ecotoxicological risks involved. Chemical analysis will require to be complemented with biological assays in a multidisciplinary approach towards site specific ecological risk assessment (SS-ERA). This paper evaluates the potential use of the plants' antioxidant response to metal-induced oxidative stress to provide a sensitive biological assay in SS-ERA. To this end, plants of Phaseolus vulgaris were grown for two weeks on 15 soils varying in contamination level. Morphological parameters and enzymatic plant responses were measured upon harvest. Foliar concentrations of the (heavy) metals Al, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn were also determined. Metal mobility in the soil was further assessed by determining soil solution and NH4OAc extractable levels. In general more significant correlations were observed between plant responses and foliar metal concentrations or exchangeable/soluble levels than between plant responses and the total soil content. The study demonstrates the potential use of the plants' antioxidant defence mechanisms to assess substrate phytotoxicity for application in SS-ERA protocols. However, the system, based on calculation of a soil Phytotoxicity Index (PI), will require adaptation and fine-tuning to meet the specific needs for this type of environmental monitoring. Large variation was observed in phytotoxicity classification based on the various test parameters. The thresholds for classification of the various morphological and enzymatic response parameters may require adaptation according to parameter stress sensitivity in order to decrease the observed variation. The use of partial PI's (leaves and roots separately) may in addition increase the sensitivity of the system since some metals show specific effects in one of both organs only. Loss of biological functionality of enzymes, as was observed for ICDH in one of the more strongly contaminated soils, may also be recognized as an additional stress symptom when assigning phytotoxicity classification, whereas the current system only considers increasing enzymatic capacities. Other easily distinguishable parameters, which could be added to the current indexation are: failure to germinate and the incapacity to develop roots in the toxic substrate. Additional research will be required to determine the possible application range of soil properties for this biological assay and to further improve its performance in SS-ERA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Meers
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jacques MA, Josi K, Darrasse A, Samson R. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans is aggregated in stable biofilm population sizes in the phyllosphere of field-grown beans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2008-15. [PMID: 15812033 PMCID: PMC1082538 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.4.2008-2015.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of "Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans" (proposed name) populations as biofilms on bean leaves was investigated during three field experiments on plots established with naturally contaminated bean seeds. Behavior of aggregated versus solitary populations was determined by quantification of culturable cells in different fractions of the epiphytic population separated by particle size. X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans population dynamic studies confirmed an asymptomatic and epiphytic colonization of the bean phyllosphere. For all years of experiment and cultivars tested, biofilms and solitary components of the populations were always detected. Biofilm population sizes remained stable throughout the growing season (around 10(5) CFU/g of fresh weight) while solitary population sizes were more abundant and varied with climate. According to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus fingerprinting, aggregated bacterial isolates were not different from solitary isolates. In controlled conditions, application of a hydric stress resulted in a decrease of the solitary populations on the leaf surface while the biofilm fraction remained stable. Suppression of the hydric stress allowed solitary bacterial populations to increase again. Aggregation in biofilms on leaf surfaces provides protection to the bacterial cells against hydric stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-A Jacques
- UMR PaVé, Centre INRA, 42, rue George Morel, BP 60057, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Samson R. Additive Benefits of Pravastatin and Aspirin to Decrease Risks of Cardiovascular Disease: Randomized and Observational Comparisons of Secondary Prevention Trials and Their Meta-analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1177/153100350501700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
39
|
Peters J, Samson R, Verhoest NEC. Predictive ecohydrological modelling using the random forest algorithm. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2005; 70:207-11. [PMID: 16366310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Peters
- Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schoefs O, Perrier M, Samson R. Estimation of contaminant depletion in unsaturated soils using a reduced-order biodegradation model and carbon dioxide measurement. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 64:53-61. [PMID: 14658016 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2003] [Revised: 07/17/2003] [Accepted: 07/18/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a reduced-order model of biodegradation in unsaturated soils that allows the estimation of contaminant depletion, using available on-line measurements. Hexadecane was chosen as a model compound for petroleum hydrocarbons. A two-compartment model was developed, decoupling the intrinsic biodegradation kinetics from limiting factors imposed by field conditions, such as oxygen transfer and contaminant bioavailability. Two new experimental protocols (one for the liquid phase and the other for the solid phase) were developed to monitor hexadecane depletion, hexadecane mineralization, total mineralization, and evolution of the degraders. Using the liquid-phase experiment, parameters of a Haldane kinetic model and yield coefficients were identified and used in the complete model of biodegradation in soil. Using the carbon dioxide production curve, a biocontact kinetic model was identified so that, despite the high sensitivity of the model outputs to variations in the parameters, hexadecane depletion could be correctly predicted with an average error on the entire time trajectory of about 8%. Moreover, the ratio between hexadecane mineralization and total mineralization remained constant after a brief transient period, indicating that hexadecane mineralization could be deduced from the total carbon dioxide measurement. Finally, the new model developed in this study allows real-time monitoring of contaminant biodegradation, using on-line carbon dioxide measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Schoefs
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20 529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Saveyn A, Samson R, Steppe K, Lemeur R. CO2 efflux rates and xylem sap CO2 concentrations in detached branch segments of a young tree in relation to artificial sap flow. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2004; 69:247-50. [PMID: 15560233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Saveyn
- Laboratory for Plant Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dudal Y, Jacobson AR, Samson R, Deschênes L. Bioavailability of pentachlorophenol to acclimatised bacteria under batch and flow-through conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 63:460-5. [PMID: 14716469 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2002] [Revised: 12/16/2002] [Accepted: 01/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradation of organic contaminants in multi-phase systems, such as soils and aquifers, is often limited by the extent and the rate of contaminant sorption onto the solid matrix. However, information about biodegradation in complex matrices is largely limited to studies of closed systems under batch conditions in which potential bioavailability is characterised by the aqueous-phase concentration of a contaminant. There is little knowledge regarding the influence of flow-through conditions on the availability of contaminants to microbes (contaminant bioavailability). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess and compare contaminant bioavailability, in the presence of a sorptive medium, under both batch and flow-through conditions. Accordingly, experiments were designed in which pentachlorophenol (PCP) was introduced into a mixture of inoculated silica sand and a PCP-retaining resin, under either batch or flow-through (columns) conditions. The results indicated that an increase in the amount of resin (0.1-0.2 g) clearly lowered PCP availability to microbes after 170 h under batch conditions (30 and 45% respectively); whereas, the initial decrease in bioavailability observed under flow-through conditions (45 and 70% respectively) was reversed and no longer observable after 170 h. This increase in PCP availability was linked to an improvement in the contaminant biodegradation capacity from 0.03 to 0.13 mg x l(-1) x h(-1) over 200 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Dudal
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, succ. centre-ville, C.P. 6079, Montréal, (Québec), H3C 3A7, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schoefs O, Perrier M, Dochain D, Samson R. On-line estimation of biodegradation in an unsaturated soil. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2003; 26:37-48. [PMID: 14513348 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-003-0336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2002] [Accepted: 07/28/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a model-based estimator of biodegradation in unsaturated soil. This would allow real-time assessment of the efficiency of treatment bioprocesses, such as bioventilation and biopile, and eventually permit optimization through the implementation of control strategies. Based on a reduced-order model, an asymptotic observer was designed to estimate on-line the contaminant concentration, using carbon dioxide measurement. Two observer-based estimators were built to approximate: (1) the specific microbial growth rate; and (2) the biocontact kinetics representing the soil resistance to contaminant biodegradation. State observers and parameter estimators were confronted with the experimental results of biodegradation in microcosms. Hexadecane was used as the model compound, representing petroleum hydrocarbons. Three water contents, corresponding to 20%, 50% and 80% of the water-holding capacity, were tested. The asymptotic observer is able to predict hexadecane depletion with an error on the overall time trajectories of 13%, 8% and 4% for the dry, intermediate and wet soils, respectively, which is acceptable given that all the biokinetic parameters were identified from a biodegradation experiment in liquid phase. The observer-based estimator of the specific microbial growth rate, based on the CO(2) measurement, was successfully calibrated using the off-line measurements of hexadecane as validation data, and allowed estimation of the time when biodegradation switched from a microbial to a biocontact limitation. The biocontact kinetics was also identified on-line, using an estimator based on the hexadecane not in biocontact. These results are very encouraging with respect to the potential for on-line assessment of the performance of treatment bioprocesses in unsaturated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Schoefs
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology of Compiègne, PO Box 20.529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gabrio T, Dill I, Fischer G, Grün L, Rabe R, Samson R, Seidl HP, Szewzyk R, Trautmann C, Warscheid T, Weidner U. [Strategies and targets for establishing a multicenter trial: "Identification of indoor relevant moulds"]. Mycoses 2003; 46 Suppl 1:32-6. [PMID: 12955851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Quality control is universally recognised as fundamentally important in ensuring that diagnostic laboratories are performing appropriate tests at acceptable levels of competence. Therefore, the working group "Quality assurance--Fungi in Indoor Environments" which was initiated by the Public Health Service Baden-Württemberg (LGA BW) started with the external quality assurance in the diagnosis of indoor fungi in autumn 2001. Up to now we carried out the third mailing based on pure cultures. The results are reported and will be discussed. Exchanging experience on the international level is intended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Th Gabrio
- Landesgesundheitsamt BW, Wiederholdstr. 15, D-70174 Stuttgart.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schoefs O, Dochain D, Perrier M, Samson R. Estimation of the Hydrodynamic and Biokinetic Models of Soil Bioremediation Processes. Chem Eng Res Des 2003. [DOI: 10.1205/026387603770866506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
46
|
Samson R, Berg R, Bingham R. Use of automated external defibrillators for children: an update. An advisory statement from the Pediatric Advanced Life Support Task Force, International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Resuscitation 2003; 57:237-43. [PMID: 12858859 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9572(03)00202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
47
|
Ranjbar A, van Damme P, Samson R, Lemeur R. LEAF WATER STATUS AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC GAS EXCHANGE OF PISTACIA KHINJUK AND P. MUTICA EXPOSED TO OSMOTIC DROUGHT STRESS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2002.591.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
Biological clogging is promoted in aquifers either to contain or to remediate groundwater. In this study, an apparatus able to detect small changes in hydraulic conductivity (K) was developed to measure the clogging of a single fracture in limestone, following microbial stimulation. The fracture had a 2.5 mm2 section and was 50 cm long. Prior to the inoculation of the limestone, the sequencing of representative clones from 16S rRNA genes isolated from groundwater, showed significant affiliation with Cytophaga spp., Arcobacter spp. and Rhizobium spp. These bacteria are known to secrete extracellular polymeric substances and form biofilms. When nutrients were added to the inoculated limestone, a decrease in K occurred after 8 days, reaching 0.8% of its initial value after 22 days (Kfi = 340 cm min-1). This study showed that a stimulation of indigenous microbes from groundwater effectively clogged a macrofracture in limestone, suggesting the potential application of biobarriers in fractured rock aquifers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ross
- National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, Ont, Canada, L7R 4A6
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Sewage sludge can be applied to land to supply and recycle organic matter and nutrients. Trace elements in sludge, however, may accumulate in the soil with repeated sludge applications. Reducing metal content may therefore reduce the adverse effects of sludge application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of bioleaching technology in reducing metal content and toxicity as measured by a battery of terrestrial and liquid-phase bioassays. Sludge-soil mixtures simulating the application of sludge to land were tested by means of terrestrial bioassays, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seed germination (5 d) and sprout growth (14 d), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed germination (5 d), and worm (Eisenia andrei) mortality (14 d). Liquid-phase bioassays, Microtox (Vibrio fischeri, 15 min), lettuce root elongation (L. sativa, 5 d), cladoceran mortality (Daphnia magna, 48 h), and SOS Chromotest (Escherichia coli) were used after elutriation of the sludge. Comparison of the bioassay results (except for D. magna) before and after treatment demonstrated that this bioleaching process reduced both sludge toxicity and metal content. In addition, lower Cu and Zn concentrations found in barley sprouts following treatment supported the assumption that the bioleaching process, by decreasing metal content and bioavailability, reduced sewage sludge toxicity. This study also emphasized the interest of using ecotoxicological bioassays for testing biosolids. In particular, the terrestrial bioassays after simulation of land application and the Microtox test after sludge elutriation proved to be the most appropriate procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Y Renoux
- Biotechnology Research Institute, NRCC, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Que, Canada H4P 2R2.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Roberge F, Gravel MJ, Deschênes L, Guy C, Samson R. Biofiltration of dichlorobenzenes. Water Sci Technol 2001; 44:287-293. [PMID: 11762475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of air biofiltration for the degradation of dichlorobenzenes (1,2-DCB and 1,4-DCB) was studied at a refinery site. At this plant, 93 m3/h of contaminated groundwater, used in a cooling system and containing a maximum of 2 ppm of dichlorobenzenes, had to be treated. Stripping of the DCBs followed by biofiltration was selected as the most suitable technology to avoid volatilization in ambient air as expected with a wastewater aerobic treatment system. A stripper of 15 m height and 1.27 m diameter was designed as a first step treatment to volatilize DCBs with 3400 m3/h of air. Two f ull-scale biofilters of 70 m3 each were built and filled with 45 m3 of filtering media for the adsorption and biodegradation of the DCBs in the gas-phase. Filtering media was composed mainly of peat moss, with animal manure, wood chips and DCBs contaminated soil. Air to be treated was also contaminated with naphthalene. Laboratory tests showed an effective microbial activity in the contaminated soil and in the filtering media for DCBs degradation. Degradation of naphthalene induced slower degradation of DCBs. Full-scale operation was studied during four months. Water flow and DCBs content in the water entering the stripper were lower than expected with only 57 m3/h and a maximum concentration of only 240 ppb. Effective desorption was obtained in the stripper in the full-scale operation (more than 99% removal). Full-scale biofilters maintained a DCB concentration of less than 1 ppmv in the air outlet, but removal efficiency varied between 0 and 79% because of the low DCB inlet concentrations, load variations and sporadic naphthalene presence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Roberge
- Department of chemical engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, PO Box 6079, St. CV, Montreal, QC. H3C 3A7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|