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Blasenbauer D, Lipp AM, Fellner J, Tischberger-Aldrian A, Stipanović H, Lederer J. Recovery of plastic packaging from mixed municipal solid waste. A case study from Austria. Waste Manag 2024; 180:9-22. [PMID: 38503033 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Austria must recycle more packaging materials. Especially for plastic packaging waste, significant increases are necessary to reach the EU recycling targets for 2025 and 2030. In addition to improving separate collection and introducing a deposit system for specific fractions, the share of plastic packaging in mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) could be utilized. In Austria, about 1.8milliontonnes of mixed MSW are generated. This includes about 110,000 t/a of plastic packaging waste. Most of the mixed MSW (94 %) is sent directly or via residues from pre-treatment, such as mechanical-biological treatment or waste sorting, to waste incineration. While materials such as glass and metals can also be recovered from the bottom ash, combustible materials such as plastics must be recovered before incineration. This work aims to evaluate the recovery potential of plastic packaging waste in mixed MSW with automated waste sorting. For this purpose, two of the largest Austrian waste sorting plants, with a total annual throughput of about 280,000 t/a, were investigated. The investigation included regular sampling of selected output streams and sorting analysis. The results show that the theoretical recovery potential of plastic packaging from these two plants is 6,500 t/a on average. An extrapolation to Austria results in a potential of about 83,000 t/a. If losses due to further treatment, such as sorting and recycling, are considered, about 30,000 t/a of recyclate could be returned to plastic production. This would correspond to an increase in plastic packaging recycling rate from 25 % to 35 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Blasenbauer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for a Recycling-based Circular Economy, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anna-Maria Lipp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for a Recycling-based Circular Economy, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Fellner
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexia Tischberger-Aldrian
- Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Hana Stipanović
- Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Jakob Lederer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for a Recycling-based Circular Economy, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Shang Z, Ren D, Yang F, Wang J, Liu B, Chen F, Du Y. Simultaneous immobilization of V and Cr availability, speciation in contaminated soil and accumulation in ryegrass by using Fe-modified pyrolysis char. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:134097. [PMID: 38518692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, municipal waste pyrolytic char (PEWC) was prepared by pyrolysis from municipal solid waste extracted in landfills, and Fe-based modified pyrolytic char (Fe-PEWC) was prepared by modification. Focusing on the evaluation of the stabilization capacity of Fe-PEWC for vanadium (V) and chromium (Cr) in soils, the effects of PEWC addition on soil properties, bioavailability and morphological distribution of V and Cr, ryegrass growth, and V and Cr accumulation were thoroughly investigated. The results of pot experiment showed that the application of PEWC and Fe-PEWC significantly (P < 0.05) improved soil properties (such as pH, EC, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter). After 42 days of cultivation, Fe-PEWC has a better fixation effect on heavy metals, and the bioavailable V and Cr of 3% Fe-PEWC decreased by 14.96% and 19.48%, respectively. The exchangeable state and reducible state decreased, while the oxidizable state and residual state increased to varying degrees. The Fe-PEWC can effectively reduce the accumulation of V and Cr in ryegrass by 71.25% and 76.43%, respectively, thereby reducing their toxicity to plants. In summary, modified pyrolytic char can effectively solidify heavy metals in soil, improve soil ecology and reduce the toxicity to plants. The use of excavated waste as a raw material for the preparation of soil heavy metal curing agent has the significance of resource recycling, low price, and practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Shang
- College of Textile and Clothing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Dongyin Ren
- College of Textile and Clothing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Textile and Clothing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Feiyong Chen
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China.
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Zhang Z, Chen Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Chen L, Yang M, Osman AI, Farghali M, Liu E, Hassan D, Ihara I, Lu K, Rooney DW, Yap PS. Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing regions: A comprehensive review and future perspectives for Asia and Africa. Sci Total Environ 2024:172794. [PMID: 38677421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The rapid urbanization witnessed in developing countries in Asia and Africa has led to a substantial increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. However, the corresponding disposal strategies, along with constraints in land resources and finances, compounded by unorganized public behaviour, have resulted in ineffective policy implementation and monitoring. This lack of systematic and targeted orientation, combined with blind mapping, has led to inefficient development in many areas. This review examines the key challenges of MSW management in developing countries in Asia and Africa from 2012 to 2022, drawing insights from 171 academic papers. Rather than solely focusing on recycling, the study proposes waste sorting at the source, optimization of landfill practices, thermal treatment measures, and strategies to capitalize on the value of waste as more pertinent solutions aligned with local realities. Barriers to optimizing management systems arise from socio-economic factors, infrastructural limitations, and cultural considerations. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating the study area into the circular economy framework, with a focus on enhancing citizen participation in solid waste reduction and promoting recycling initiatives, along with seeking economic assistance from international organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechen Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhonghao Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ahmed I Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Mohamed Farghali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Socio-Economics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Engui Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dalia Hassan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene & Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ikko Ihara
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Socio-Economics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kun Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Xuezheng Road #18, Qiantang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - David W Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Hasan MM, Ng KTW, Ray S, Assuah A, Mahmud TS. Prophet time series modeling of waste disposal rates in four North American cities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33335-5. [PMID: 38632194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, three different univariate municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal rate forecast models (SARIMA, Holt-Winters, Prophet) were examined using different testing periods in four North American cities with different socioeconomic conditions. A review of the literature suggests that the selected models are able to handle seasonality in a time series; however, their ability to handle outliers is not well understood. The Prophet model generally outperformed the Holt-Winters model and the SARIMA model. The MAPE and R2 of the Prophet model during pre-COVID-19 were 4.3-22.2% and 0.71-0.93, respectively. All three models showed satisfactory predictive results, especially during the pre-COVID-19 testing period. COVID-19 lockdowns and the associated regulatory measures appear to have affected MSW disposal behaviors, and all the univariate models failed to fully capture the abrupt changes in waste disposal behaviors. Modeling errors were largely attributed to data noise in seasonality and the unprecedented event of COVID-19 lockdowns. Overall, the modeling errors of the Prophet model were evenly distributed, with minimum modeling biases. The Prophet model also appeared to be versatile and successfully captured MSW disposal rates from 3000 to 39,000 tons/month. The study highlights the potential benefits of the use of univariate models in waste forecast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Sagar Ray
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Anderson Assuah
- University College of the North, Box 3000, 436 - 7th Street East, The Pas, Manitoba, R9A 1M7, Canada
| | - Tanvir Shahrier Mahmud
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
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Alam P, Khan AH, Islam R, Sabi E, Khan NA, Zargar TI. Identification of prevalent leachate percolation of municipal solid waste landfill: a case study in India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8910. [PMID: 38632259 PMCID: PMC11024205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Landfill leachate forms when waste-inherent water and percolated rainfall transfer are highly toxic, corrosive, acidic, and full of environmental pollutants. The release of leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites poses a severe hazard to human health and aquatic life. This study examined the impact of leachate from Delhi's Ghazipur landfill on the nearby groundwater quality. Analysis of leachate samples was done to determine various parameters such as total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, pH, BOD5, COD, nitrate, sulphate, chloride and iron, and presence of coliform bacteria. Significant dissolved elements (22,690-34,525 mg/L) were observed in the samples, indicated by the high conductivity value (1156-1405 mho/cm). However, a stable pH range (6.90-7.80) of leachate samples was observed due to high alkalinity concentrations between 2123 and 3256 mg/L. The inverse distance weighing (IDW) interpolation tool from QGIS 3.22.7 developed spatial interpolated models for each parameter across the Ghazipur area. The IDW interpolated graphs of various parameters over the whole study area confirmed these contaminations. In addition, leachate and groundwater samples were physio-chemically analyzed, and temporal fluctuation in landfill waste has also been studied. The temporal fluctuation results showed that when heat is produced, transmitted, and lost throughout the waste system, the maximum temperature position fluctuates over time. The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of landfill management in reducing groundwater contamination from MSW leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervez Alam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 706, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raisul Islam
- Department of Civil Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
| | - Ehab Sabi
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 706, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tasneem Imtiyaz Zargar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Farooq M, Thulasiraman AV, Manzoor Z, Tripathi S, Nisa FU, Farooq A, Rasool S, Akhoon RH, Shah MY, Gani KM. Comprehensive characterization of unscientifically disposed municipal solid waste (MSW) in Kashmir Region, India. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:450. [PMID: 38613635 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Unscientific dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a common practice in Kashmir. To have an environmentally friendly and sustainable waste management system, MSW was collected from nine study locations of this region. They were air-dried, then oven-dried at 105 °C for 24 h, segregated, and characterized for various components. The overall average organic waste was > 55%, plastic waste about 17%, inert material about 10%, paper 9%, and cloth waste 7%. The calorific value of paper and plastic wastes exhibited was 4910 kcal/kg, while organic waste had a calorific value of 1980 kcal/kg. The proximate analysis showed that the moisture content ranged from 16 to 29%, volatile matter ranged from 49 to 72%, ash content ranged from 0.03 to 5%, and fixed carbon ranged from 5 to 20%. In S7, the volatile matter content recorded the lowest value at 49.15%, while in S5, the volatile matter content was notably higher at 71.84%, indicating easier ignition. Further, elemental analysis revealed that the major elements in MSW were carbon and oxygen, 53% and 37%, respectively, with small traces of heavy metals with an average of 0.02% cadmium (Cd) and 0.006% lead (Pb). Moreover, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs provided confirmation that the majority of components in the MSW exhibited either partial or complete degradation, resulting in a rough surface texture. In addition, the presence of silica and other silicate groups was also detected. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed that the main functional groups were alcohol. In the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, all the major mineral phases were detected between 20 and 30° 2θ, except for the peaks at 50-60° 2θ in S3 and S9 where catalysts such as zeolite Y and zeolite X were detected. Overall, the MSW had low moisture content but higher calorific value, making it a viable feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Farooq
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | - Zahoor Manzoor
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Tripathi
- Sustainability Cluster, Department of HSE and Civil Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Farhat Un Nisa
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Farooq
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Saheem Rasool
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hussain Akhoon
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muhammad Yousuf Shah
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khalid Muzamil Gani
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
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Budiyarto A, Clarke B, Ross K. Overview of waste bank application in Indonesian regencies. Waste Manag Res 2024:734242X241242697. [PMID: 38600751 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x241242697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Managing municipal solid waste (MSW) is a critical for Indonesia, as the country produces a substantial amount of waste annually. However, Indonesia's recycling rate remains limited, less than 25% of its waste, with the rest ending up in landfills. To address this, waste banks have emerged as a community-based solution to enhance MSW management through recycling. Although waste banks currently contribute only 7% to recyclable waste management, they hold promising potential, especially considering their close ties to households, the primary waste producers in Indonesia. Unfortunately, documentation of waste bank successes in Indonesian regencies is scarce, as most success stories are limited to major cities. This article conducts a literature review on waste bank implementations across various regencies, evaluating their accomplishments, obstacles and potential contributions to local MSW management. The review draws upon scholarly publications and various government reports, regulations and websites dedicated to updates on waste bank activities. Waste banks play a crucial role in enhancing environmental quality by promoting proper waste disposal and reducing landfill waste. They create economic opportunities, increasing income for both customers and administrators. Additional services, such as banking facilities encompassing savings, loans, daily necessities and bill payments, amplify their significance. To fully harness the potential of waste banks, support is imperative. Establishing adequate infrastructure and providing capacity-building for administrators are essential. Although regulatory frameworks offer opportunities, the impact of regency-level regulations on waste bank growth varies and necessitates further examination. Support mechanisms should be tailored to align with local characteristics and requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Budiyarto
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Beverley Clarke
- College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kirstin Ross
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Zhao J, Li X, Chen L, Liu W, Wang M. Scenario analysis of the eco-efficiency for municipal solid waste management: A case study of 211 cities in western China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 919:170536. [PMID: 38309359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is vital for creating sustainable municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS). In this study, we constructed an MSWMS considering recycling and carried out GHG emission accounting for MSWMS in western China from 2012 to 2021 based on the IPCC mass balance (MB) method. Then, we modeled the emission reduction potentials and economic benefits under different scenarios for 211 prefectural and county-level cities. We formed an eco-efficiency analysis framework that can be used to explore the sustainable development mode. Results revealed that: (1) Emissions from the western region's municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal exhibit an inverted "U" pattern, increasing at an annual rate of about 1.3 % since 2012, peaking in 2019, and then decreasing at rates of 14.4 % and 10.6 %. (2) The GHG emissions show a spatial pattern of decreasing evolution from east to west and south to north, and the provincial-municipal level shows different trends. (3) The SB3 scenario (optimization of landfill gas power generation technology) was the most ecologically efficient in 43 % of the western cities, followed by SB4 (33 %) and SA3 (24 %). (4) The development of integrated urban domestic waste management strategies by the three-level scenarios derived from this study will help local governments achieve the goal of sustainable urban development. Clarifying the differences in GHG emissions and eco-efficiency among cities will help provide policy recommendations for regions with similar characteristics to explore technically applicable, economically affordable implementation paths for city management according to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhao
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Minxi Wang
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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Lehmusto J, Tesfaye F, Karlström O, Hupa L. Ashes from challenging fuels in the circular economy. Waste Manag 2024; 177:211-231. [PMID: 38342059 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In line with the objectives of the circular economy, the conversion of waste streams to useful and valuable side streams is a central goal. Ash represents one of the main industrial side-products, and using ashes in other than the present landfilling applications is, therefore, a high priority. This paper reviews the properties and utilization of ashes of different biomass power plants and waste incinerations, with a focus on the past decade. Possibilities for ash utilization are of uttermost importance in terms of circular economy and disposal of landfills. However, considering its applicability, ash originating from the heat treatment of chemically complex fuels, such as biomass and waste poses several challenges such as high heavy metal content and the presence of toxic and/or corrosive species. Furthermore, the physical properties of the ash might limit its usability. Nevertheless, numerous studies addressing the utilization possibilities of challenging ash in various applications have been carried out over the past decade. This review, with over 300 references, surveys the field of research, focusing on the utilization of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes. Also, metal and phosphorus recovery from different ashes is addressed. It can be concluded that the key beneficial properties of the ash types addressed in this review are based on their i) alkaline nature suitable for neutralization reactions, ii) high adsorption capabilities to be used in CO2 capture and waste treatment, and iii) large surface area and appropriate chemical composition for the catalyst industry. Especially, ashes rich in Al2O3 and SiO2 have proven to be promising alternative catalysts in various industrial processes and as precursors for synthetic zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Lehmusto
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Fiseha Tesfaye
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Oskar Karlström
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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Musharavati F, Ahmad A, Javed MH, Sajid K, Naqvi M. Sustainability assessment of biofuel and value-added product from organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Environ Res 2024; 246:118121. [PMID: 38184063 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The current study aims to examine the techno-economic and environmental assessment of biorefinery development within a circular bioeconomy context by using an organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) by extraction of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins with 98, 51 and 62 % by mass of conversion efficiency and yield recovery, and value-added fractions production as well. Fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) and glycerol (biofuel) were produced by applying transesterification process, and the remaining biomass was converted into biocrude oil by thermal liquefication. The biorefinery using 613 kg of OFMSW produced biodiesel, glycerol, and bioethanol with 126 litter, 14.3 kg, and 172 litter respectively, as well as value-added fractions, such as biocrude oil with 78 kg. The environmental impact was assessed using the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework, ReCiPe2016 Mid-point (H) approach, through 18 different environmental categories. The key findings elucidate that Terrestrial ecotoxicity, Climate change, Fossil depletion and Human toxicity were the main impact categories which are potentially contributed 9.81E+02 kg 1,4-DB eq., 1.43E+03 kg CO2 eq., 2.04E+02 kg oil eq., and 8.08E+01 kg 1,4-DB eq. The normalization (person per equivalent) analysis revealed that only categories of resource reduction (fossil and metal depletion) are the key contributors to environmental degradation. The biorefinery system's total revenue was estimated at USD 6.817,509 million annually. The calculated revenue was USD 0.026 million daily in a shift of 8 h. The Net present worth (NPW) was calculated at USD 499.97 million by assuming a discount factor of 10 % and inflation rate of 5 % for 15 years. The project is considered feasible by demonstrating 7.15 payback year. This research showcased the efficient portrayal of the biorefinery system and succinctly conveyed the significant circular bioeconomy for a greener future. Thus, it could be helpful to the stakeholder's context towards techno-economic and environmental evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farayi Musharavati
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar.
| | - Anees Ahmad
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Javed
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Sajid
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naqvi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
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11
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Guo Z, Liang R, Tao J, Li N, Cheng Z, Yan B, Chen G. Pyrolytic homogeneity enhancement of municipal solid waste using a clustering-based sorting strategy. Waste Manag 2024; 177:232-242. [PMID: 38342060 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of pyrolytic parameters in municipal solid waste (MSW) significantly hinders its waste-to-energy efficiency. So far, hardly any light has been shed on current pyrolytic heterogeneity conditions or feasible pyrolytic homogeneity enhancement approaches of MSW. Accordingly, pyrolytic properties (Ea and logA) of 130 MSW samples in 6 categories were collected from literature. A kinetic parameters clustering-based sorting strategy for MSW was proposed. A so-called C index was established to compare their sorting performance for Ea and logA against two traditional sorting strategies (substance categorization and density clustering). Results showed that the proposed sorting strategies outperformed the traditional ones in pyrolytic homogeneity enhancement, where the optimal C_Ea and C_logA reached 1578.30 kJ/mol and 93.11 -log min. Among investigated clustering methods, k-means clustering outperformed hierarchical clustering, which could be attributed to its adaptability to the sample structure. Future perspectives involving data set expansion, model framework development, and downstream technologies matching were also discussed. The index C established in this study can be used to evaluate other clustering models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Guo
- Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junyu Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | | | - Beibei Yan
- Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
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12
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Valizadeh B, Abdoli MA, Dobaradaran S, Mahmoudkhani R, Asl YA. Risk control of heavy metal in waste incinerator ash by available solidification scenarios in cement production based on waste flow analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6252. [PMID: 38491026 PMCID: PMC10943089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Incineration is a common method in municipal solid waste management, which has several advantages such as reducing the volume of waste, but with concerns about exhaust gas and ash management. In this study, heavy metals in bottom ash, secondary furnace ash and fly ash of two waste incinerators in Tehran and Nowshahr were analyzed and its control in cement production was investigated. For this purpose, twelve monthly samples of three types of incinerator ash were analyzed. By combining the studied ashes in the raw materials, the quantity of metals in the cement was analyzed. Finally, by investigating four scenarios based on quantitative variations in the routes of municipal solid waste, ash quantity and the related risk caused by its heavy metals were studied. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the three ash samples of the studied incinerators was 19,513-23,972 µg/g and the composition of the metals included Hg (less than 0.01%), Pb (2.93%), Cd (0.59%), Cu (21.51%), Zn (58.7%), As (less than 0.01%), Cr (15.88%), and Ni (0.91%). The best quality of produced cement included 20% ash and 10% zeolite, which was the basis of the next calculations. It was estimated that the reduction of the release of metals into the environment includes 37 gr/day in best scenario equal to 10.6 tons/year. Ash solidification can be considered as a complementary solution in waste incinerator management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Valizadeh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdoli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Rouhalla Mahmoudkhani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Kirichenko-Babko M, Bulak P, Kaczor M, Proc-Pietrycha K, Bieganowski A. Arthropods in landfills and their accumulation potential for toxic elements: A review. Environ Res 2024; 251:118612. [PMID: 38442814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Landfills, as a source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), pose a threat to the environment and human health. A literature review was conducted to explore the diversity of arthropods inhabiting solid waste landfills, as well as on the bioaccumulation of PTEs by arthropods. This review presents scientific papers over the last 20 years. Their importance in landfill ecosystems has been the subject of research; however, the issue of the accumulation of compounds such as toxic elements is emphasized only in a few studies. The bioaccumulation of PTEs was studied for 10 arthropod species that founded in landfills: Orthomorpha coarctata and Trigoniulus corallinus (class Diplopoda), Armadillidium vulgare and Trachelipus rathkii (class Malacostraca), the 6 species of the class Insecta - Zonocerus variegatus, Anacanthotermes ochraceus, Macrotermes bellicosus, Austroaeschna inermis, Calathus fuscipes and Harpalus rubripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kirichenko-Babko
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland; Department of Invertebrate Fauna and Systematics, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences, B. Khmelnitsky 15, 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Piotr Bulak
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Kaczor
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Proc-Pietrycha
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bieganowski
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
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14
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Zhou W, Chai J, Xu Z, Qin Y, Cao J, Zhang P. A review of existing methods for predicting leachate production from municipal solid waste landfills. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:16131-16149. [PMID: 38319418 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Landfilling is one of the predominant methods of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal worldwide, while the generation of leachate, a kind of toxic wastewater, is among the primary factors behind landfill instability and environmental contamination problems. Precise prediction of leachate production is crucial to landfill safety evaluation and design. This paper presents a comprehensive review of methods for predicting leachate production from MSW landfills. Firstly, compositional characteristics of MSW and leachate generation mechanism are analysed. Factors influencing leachate production are summarised based on the generation mechanism, including the components of MSW, climatic conditions, landfill structure, and environmental factors. Then, we classified the existing methods for predicting leachate production into four categories: water balance formula, water balance model, empirical formula, and artificial intelligence model methods. Advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of different leachate production prediction methods are compared and analysed. Furthermore, limitations in the existing leachate production prediction methods for MSW landfills and scope for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junrui Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zengguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Feng S, Feng YH, Ji LJ, Zhan MX, Wang JQ, Xu X. Distribution of gasification products and emission of heavy metals and dioxins from municipal solid waste at the low temperature pyrolysis stage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:16388-16400. [PMID: 38315338 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Gasification is widely regarded as one of the most practical, economical, and environmentally friendly waste disposal technologies for municipal solid waste (MSW). The pyrolysis stage (300-500 °C) is crucial for weight loss during MSW gasification, as a considerable amount of organic matter breaks down, producing high-value synthesis gas. This study investigated the product distribution and pollutant emission characteristics within this temperature range and its influencing factors during MSW gasification using a self-designed MSW gasification device. Results indicated that MSW underwent approximately 70% weight loss within this temperature range, yielding low amounts of inorganic and short-chain organic products, with mainly long-chain organic compounds of C16-C34. The atmosphere variation had minimal effect on the elemental composition and content of solid phase products. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses showed that Mn and Zn were the primary components of heavy metal leaching toxicity in solid phase products, with their contents increasing as temperature increased. Synthesis gas showed the highest content of heavy metal As element, reaching a peak at 400 °C. Higher gasification temperature and lower oxygen flow rate significantly reduced the dioxin content and I-TEQ values, with highly chlorinated isomers being the predominant dioxin isomers. Nonetheless, low-chlorinated dioxins accounted for more than 50% of the I-TEQ. This study improves our understanding of the gasification process of MSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Feng
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Han Feng
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Long-Jie Ji
- Beijing Construction Engineering Group Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Ming-Xiu Zhan
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jin-Qing Wang
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
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16
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Giordano CR, Van Brunt ME, Halevi SJ, Castaldi MJ, Orlovits Z, Illes Z. Landfill gas collection efficiency: Categorization of data from existing in-situ measurements. Waste Manag 2024; 175:83-91. [PMID: 38176201 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Landfill methane emissions are commonly estimated using cover-type dependent default collection efficiency values, with a first-order decay model or measured gas collection. Current default collection efficiencies used in the United States were predominately derived from 4 studies conducted during or prior to 2007 that relied on flux chambers. Flux chambers are limited by small sample sizes, placement restrictions, and the inability to measure emissions from gas or leachate collection systems. Since 2007, over 14 new studies have been completed using more advanced technologies that allow for direct measurement of methane plumes from most or all of a landfill's surface. On average, these measurements are 2-3 times greater than emissions predicted by current models and collection efficiency defaults. In lieu of measuring emissions from all landfills, updating collection efficiency defaults can bring modeled emissions into better alignment with measurements. To this end, collection efficiency estimates derived from measured data were categorized into cover types and then adjusted to account for cases where whole plume measurement was an amalgamation of multiple cover types. The resultant adjusted default values were 41% for daily cover, 69% for intermediate cover, and 71% for final cover. Direct measurement of landfill methane emissions is preferrable to account for the full range of variables driving landfill emissions, including collection system design and operation. However, applying these updated defaults back into the landfill emission models eliminates underprediction of landfill emissions for the dataset reviewed, and would provide a more accurate estimate of landfill gas emissions where measurements are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Giordano
- Central European University, Nádor u. 9, 1051 Budapest, Hungary; Covanta, 445 South St, Morristown, NJ 07960, United States.
| | | | | | - Marco J Castaldi
- Chemical Engineering Department & Earth Engineering Center, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Zsanett Orlovits
- Department of Mechatronics, Optics and Mechanical Engineering Informatics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Illes
- Central European University, Nádor u. 9, 1051 Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Famielec S, Malinowski M, Tomaszek K, Wolny-Koładka K, Krilek J. The effect of biological methods for MSW treatment on the physicochemical, microbiological and phytotoxic properties of used biofilter bed media. Waste Manag 2024; 175:276-285. [PMID: 38232519 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Biofilters are commonly used in municipal solid waste treatment (MSW) facilities to remove odors and pollutants from process gases. However, the effectiveness of biofilter bed media decreases over time, necessitating periodic replacement. The type of the treatment process may affect the lifespan of the bed and the way it should be utilized after replacement. This study aimed to analyze the physical, chemical, calorific, microbiological, and phytotoxic parameters of bed media in biofilters operated at an industrial scale in MSW treatment plants. The experiments included three full cycles of biofiltering gases from biodrying, composting, and aerobic biostabilization in two variations. Physicochemical properties (moisture, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, heavy metal contents), respiration activity (AT4), phytotoxicity, and microorganism abundance were determined for initial materials and samples from two biofilter layers collected after each cycle. Results revealed a substantial reduction in AT4 (by 63%-87% compared to initial material), significant moisture content increase in the bottom layers (by 61% or more, depending on the process), and a considerable decrease in microorganism abundance. Biofilter bed media from biodrying and composting exhibited low environmental risk (low heavy metal concentrations, negligible phytotoxicity, and microbiological stability). However, bed packings from aerobic biostabilization processes showed significant inhibition of indicator plants and incomplete sanitization (presence of pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella spp.). Therefore, these bed packings can be utilized for energy recovery, such as incineration after drying. This research provides significant insights into the effectiveness and safety of biofilter bed media in MSW treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Famielec
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 116b, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Malinowski
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 116b, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Tomaszek
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 116b, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicz Ave 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Krilek
- Department of Environmental and Forestry Machinery, Faculty of Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka Street 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
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18
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Qin ZH, Siddiqui MA, Xin X, Mou JH, Varjani S, Chen G, Lin CSK. Identification of microplastics in raw and treated municipal solid waste landfill leachates in Hong Kong, China. Chemosphere 2024; 351:141208. [PMID: 38219986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are indispensable in modern society but also pose a persistent threat to the environment. In particular, microplastics (MPs) have a substantial environmental impact on ecosystems. Municipal solid waste landfill leachates are a source of MPs, but leakage of MPs from leachates has only been reported in a few studies. As a modern city, Hong Kong has a remarkably high population density and a massive plastic waste generation. However, it depends on conventional landfilling for plastic waste management and traditional thermal ammonia stripping for leachate treatment. Yet, the MP leakage from landfill leachates in Hong Kong has not been disclosed. This is the first study that aimed to identify, quantify, and characterise MPs in raw and treated leachates, respectively, from major landfill sites in Hong Kong. The concentrations of MPs varied from 49.0 ± 24.3 to 507.6 ± 37.3 items/L among the raw leachate samples, and a potential correlation was found between the concentration of MPs in the raw leachate sample from a given landfill site and the annual leachate generation of the site. Most MPs were 100-500 μm fragments or filaments and were transparent or yellow. Regarding the polymeric materials among the identified MPs, poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyethylene were the most abundant types, comprising 45.30% and 21.37% of MPs, respectively. Interestingly, leachates treated by ammonia stripping contained higher concentrations of MPs than raw leachate samples, which demonstrated that the traditional treatment process may not be sufficient regarding the removal of emerging pollutants, such as MPs. Overall, our findings provide a more comprehensive picture of the pollution of MPs in landfill leachates in Hong Kong and highlight the urgent need for adopting the consideration of MPs into the conventional mindset of waste management systems in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Qin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmar Siddiqui
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiayin Xin
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Jin-Hua Mou
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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19
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Voukkali I, Papamichael I, Loizia P, Zorpas AA. Urbanization and solid waste production: prospects and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:17678-17689. [PMID: 37270759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing urban population and the restructuring of urban economies are the main aspects that determine urban development in the twenty-first century. Rapid urbanization is among the most significant anthropogenic factors that impact ecosystems and sustainability. Urbanization is a "double-edged sword." Even though it contributes to economic prosperity and social development, at the same time, it poses severe challenges to the natural environment and social system. The scientific community emphasizes the need to investigate the relationship between cities and the environment to comprehend their dynamic interactions related with problems such as climate change, consumption of natural resources, and life quality degradation. Population growth and urbanization are central considerations of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 11, dealing with making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Moreover, the new circular economy model is receiving increasing attention globally as a solution to the current production and consumption model, which is based on constant growth and increasing resource input. The objective of this paper was to identify the major challenges occurred due to the rapid urbanization in a coastal city though a qualitative and quantitative waste compositional analysis. The ultimate goal is to propose the waste compositional analysis as a new indicator in the literature for determination of the degree of metabolism in an island region. According to the compositional analysis, the higher the population density in a region, the greater the volume of garbage produced and, consequently, the infrastructure necessary for waste management. Also, the increased seasonal tourist activity leads to an increase in the number of tourist accommodations and services. The results provided may also be applicable in other cities with similar characteristics related with tourism habits and the challenges they may face as a result of the waste production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Voukkali
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iliana Papamichael
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pantelitsa Loizia
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis A Zorpas
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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20
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Peprah P, Agyemang-Duah W, Morgan AK, Onyina E, Asare ES. Differences in physical and mental health symptoms among residents living near municipal solid waste sites: a cross sectional study in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. J Health Popul Nutr 2024; 43:34. [PMID: 38424610 PMCID: PMC10905772 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical and mental health concerns and symptoms, including sleep problems, low mood, extreme tiredness, and appetite loss are prevalent among people living near waste sites. This research examines differences in health symptoms among residents living near municipal solid waste sites in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. METHODS The study used cross-sectional data from 827 residents living near three municipal waste sites, including Besease, Asokore, and Dompoase sites in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square, and binary logistic regressions were performed to examine the differences and associations between the variables. RESULTS Health symptoms, including sleep problems/insomnia, frequent extreme tiredness, low mood, loss of appetite, stress, anxiety, and depression, were reported by the majority of the participants. Residents near open dumpsites (Besease and Asokore) exhibit significantly higher likelihoods of experiencing various health symptoms such as extreme fatigue, depression, psychological disorders, thinking and concentration problems, low mood, loss of appetite, and anxiety compared to those near the engineered Oti landfill in Dompoase. CONCLUSION While emphasizing the importance of proper landfill design and management in Ghana, this study underscores the need for further longitudinal and clinical investigations. Clinically establishing the link between dumpsites and health symptoms is imperative for informed public health interventions and policy decisions aimed at mitigating the potential adverse health effects of landfills on residents' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Kwame Morgan
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Ellen Onyina
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Serwaa Asare
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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21
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Fontaine L, Legros R, Frayret JM. Solid waste generation prediction model framework using socioeconomic and demographic factors with real-time MSW collection data. Waste Manag Res 2024:734242X241231414. [PMID: 38407103 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x241231414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This article proposes a framework for developing predictive models of end-of-life product flows, highlighting the importance of conducting thorough analyses before developing waste management and end-of-life product flow strategies. The framework emphasizes the importance of recognizing the nature and quality of the available data and finding a balance between model development time and detail requirements. It is designed to adapt to source material heterogeneity and address varying data availability scenarios, such as the presence or absence of radio frequency identification chips. A case study for the city of Gatineau is presented, showcasing the framework's application through agent-based simulation models in a geographic information systems environment. The study focuses on creating models of municipal solid waste generation based on socioeconomic and demographic factors and collection data to accurately predict the quantity and quality of waste streams, enabling municipalities to assess the environmental impact of their waste management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Fontaine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Legros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Frayret
- Department of Mathematics and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Ma H, Wei Y, Fei F, Gao M, Wang Q. Whether biorefinery is a promising way to support waste source separation? From the life cycle perspective. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168731. [PMID: 38007136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the implementation of the waste separation policy, the disposal of source-separated food waste (FW) has been more strictly required. Traditional source-separated FW treatment technologies, such as anaerobic digestion (AD) and aerobic composting (AC), suffer from low resource utilization efficiency and poor economic benefits. It is one of the main limiting factors for the promotion of waste separation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for five municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment technologies, compared their environmental impacts, and analyzed the impact of waste separation ratios to determine whether biorefinery is a promising way to support waste source separation. The results showed that black soldier fly (BSF) treatment had the lowest net global warming potential (GWP) of all technologies, reduced by 40.8 % relative to the non-source-separated treatment. Ethanol production had the second-lowest net environmental impact potential because bioethanol replaces fossil fuel to avoid the emission of pollutants from its combustion. When two biorefinery technologies with excellent efficiency to avoid environmental impact are used to treat source-separated FW, the increase in the percentage of waste separation will help reduce the environmental impact of MSW treatment. The application of biorefinery technologies is considered a viable option for source-separated FW treatment. AC should not be widely promoted because it showed the worst net environmental benefits, and waste separation will elevate the environmental impact of its treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China; Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, China
| | - Yulian Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
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23
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Gunarathne V, Phillips AJ, Zanoletti A, Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M, Di Maria F, Pivato A, Korzeniewska E, Bontempi E. Environmental pitfalls and associated human health risks and ecological impacts from landfill leachate contaminants: Current evidence, recommended interventions and future directions. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169026. [PMID: 38056656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The improper management of solid waste, particularly the dumping of untreated municipal solid waste, poses a growing global challenge in both developed and developing nations. The generation of leachate is one of the significant issues that arise from this practice, and it can have harmful impacts on both the environment and public health. This paper presents an overview of the primary waste types that generate landfill leachate and their characteristics. This includes examining the distribution of waste types in landfills globally and how they have changed over time, which can provide valuable insights into potential pollutants in a given area and their trends. With a lack of specific regulations and growing concerns regarding environmental and health impacts, the paper also focuses on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, the environmental and ecological impacts of leachate, along with associated health risks, are analyzed. The potential applications of landfill leachate, suggested interventions and future directions are also discussed in the manuscript. Finally, this work addresses future research directions in landfill leachate studies, with attention, for the first time to the potentialities that artificial intelligence can offer for landfill leachate management, studies, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ankur J Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Francesco Di Maria
- LAR5 Laboratory, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Perugia, via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- DICEA - Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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24
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Mishra R, Chavda P, Kumar R, Pandit R, Joshi M, Kumar M, Joshi C. Exploring genetic landscape of low-density polyethylene degradation for sustainable troubleshooting of plastic pollution at landfills. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168882. [PMID: 38040372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution increases globally due to the high volume of its production and inadequate mismanagement, leading to dumps in landfills affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Landfills, as sink for plastics, leach various toxic chemicals and microplastics into the environment. We scrutinized the genetic expression for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) degradation via microorganisms to investigate cell viability and metabolic activities for biodegradation and genetic profiling. Samples were collected from the Pirana waste landfill at Ahmedabad, Gujarat, which is one of the largest and oldest municipal solid waste (MSW) dump sites in Asia. Results analyzed that isolated bacterial culture PN(A)1 (Bacillus cereus) is metabolically active on LDPE as carbon source during starvation conditions when incubated for up to 60 days, which was confirmed via 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction test, reported cell viability and LDPE degradation. Abrasions, surface erosions, and cavity formations were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas the breakdown of high molecular polymers converted to low molecules, i.e., depolymerization, was also observed via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy over 90 days, along with changes in functional groups of carboxylic acids and aldehyde as well as the formation of polysulfide, aliphatic compounds, aromatic ethers, alcohols, and ether linkages. Further, transcriptomic analysis was performed via DESeq2 analysis to understand key gene expression patterns and pathways involved in LDPE degradation. During the initial phase of LDPE degradation, genes related to biological processes, like membrane transportation, ABC transporters, carbon and lipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation/oxidation, and TCA cycle, are likely to indicate pathways for stress response and molecular functions, like oxidoreductase, catalytic, lyase, transferase, and hydrolase activities were expressed. Interlinking between metabolic pathways indicates biodegradation process that mineralizes LDPE during subsequent incubation days. These pathways can be targeted for increasing the efficiency of LDPE degradation using microbes in future studies. Thus, considering microbial-mediated biodegradation as practical, eco-friendly, and low-cost alternatives, healthy biomes can degrade polymers in natural environments explored by understanding the genetic and enzymatic expression, connecting their role in the process to the likely metabolic pathways involved, thereby increasing the rate of their biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Mishra
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Priyank Chavda
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ramesh Pandit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Madhvi Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India.
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Deng X, Xie C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zheng L, Ding X, Wu L. Techno-economic analysis of municipal solid waste treatment for poly-generation system. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168869. [PMID: 38029996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is characterized by complex composition, low calorific value and high moisture content. Using a single treatment technology is costly and difficult to achieve optimal results. A poly-generation system that integrates classified waste pyrolysis and incineration is proposed, producing fuel, electricity, and steam. The system has been designed and optimized to find the optimal feed ratio and process model. However, the economic performance of the poly-generation system is still unclear. In this work, a techno-economic analysis (TEA) was conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility of the proposed MSW treatment poly-generation system. The annual electricity generated by the poly-generation system is 104.13 GWh. The annual steam generated is 4.91 kt, and the average annual diesel produced is 1.60 kt. The TEA results showed that the total capital investment of the system was 602.07 M¥, and the annual operating cost was 40.63 M¥. The net present value was 93.01 M¥, which is a positive value. The internal rate of return was 10.28 %, which is higher than the benchmark rate of return, indicating that the system is economically feasible. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the internal rate of return was extremely sensitive to fixed capital investment, price of electricity, product yield, and government subsidy. The TEA analysis of poly-generation system provides a fundamental theoretical basis for the feasibility of classified MSW treatment and offers valuable insights for policy makers and investors in the waste management field. Considering the complexity of the waste, future research can be carried out from the environmental aspect, combining both economic and environmental objectives for multi-objective optimization and conducting comprehensive evaluation of the industrial practicability of the poly-generation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Energy Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, China
| | - Chaoliang Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Energy Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Energy Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Energy Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Energy Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, China
| | - Xin Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Energy Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, China
| | - Le Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Energy Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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26
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Cerlanek A, Liu Y, Robey N, Timshina AS, Bowden JA, Townsend TG. Assessing construction and demolition wood-derived biochar for in-situ per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) removal from landfill leachate. Waste Manag 2024; 174:382-389. [PMID: 38101234 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
With regulations for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) impending, the abundance of these chemicals of emerging concern in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate increasingly challenges landfill operators to seek on-site leachate pre-treatment options. This two-staged study explores the potential reuse of biochar derived from construction and demolition debris (CDD) wood as an in-situ PFAS sorbent for application within MSW landfill leachate collection systems. Batch leaching tests were first used to examine the feasibility of capturing PFAS from landfill leachate using two sources of CDD-wood-derived biochar. Then, columns were used to test the in-situ sorption capabilities of the same biochars under simulated landfill conditions. All leachates were characterized for pH, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia-nitrogen, and 92 PFAS. Seventeen PFAS were detected in the batch leaching experiment, and nine PFAS were detected in column leachates. In the batch leaching scenario, Biochar 1 achieved a maximum of 29% PFAS reduction compared to controls. Columns containing Biochar 1 generated leachates with PFAS concentrations 50% to 80% higher than those in control columns for the duration of the experiment. Columns containing Biochar 2 generated leachates with PFAS concentrations 44% less than controls in week 1 and similar concentrations in weeks 2, 3, and 4. In this study, PFAS removal from landfill leachate using biochar derived from CDD wood was not significant. Further research on biochar derived from CDD wood is needed before it can be recommended as an in-situ landfill leachate pre-treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cerlanek
- University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yalan Liu
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Nicole Robey
- Innovative Technical Solutions, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
| | - Alina S Timshina
- University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology & Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Timothy G Townsend
- University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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27
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Wang F, Kang Y, Fu D, Singh RP. Effect evaluation of different green wastes on food waste digestate composting and improvement of operational conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32386-y. [PMID: 38361099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study attempted to determine the influence of diverse green wastes on food waste digestate composting and the improvement of operational conditions. Various effects of the green wastes (GW), with different types and sizes, initial substrate mixture C/N ratios, compost pile heights, and turning frequencies on the food waste digestate (FWD) composting were examined in the current work. The findings showed that the use of street sweeping green waste (SSGW) as an additive can maintain the thermophilic stage of the FWD composting for 28 days, while the end-product contained the greatest amounts of total phosphorus (TP, 2.29%) and total potassium (TK, 4.61%) and the lowest moisture content (14.8%). Crushed SSGW (20 mm) enabled the FWD composting to maintain the longest thermophilic period (28 days), achieving the highest temperature (70.2 °C) and seed germination index (GI, 100%). Adjusting the initial substrate mixture C/N ratio to 25, compost pile height to 30 cm, and turning frequency to three times a day could enhance the efficiency and improve the fertilizer quality of the co-composting of the FWD and SSGW. This study suggested that co-composting of FWD and SSGW (FWD/SSGW = 2.3, wet weight) is a promising technique for the treatment of municipal solid waste and provided significant theoretical data for the application of composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangtianrui Kang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Rajendra Prasad Singh
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Munir MT, Li B, Naqvi M, Nizami AS. Green loops and clean skies: Optimizing municipal solid waste management using data science for a circular economy. Environ Res 2024; 243:117786. [PMID: 38036215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management and data science unveils a panorama of opportunities and challenges, set against the backdrop of rising global waste and evolving technological landscapes. This article threads through the multifaceted aspects of incorporating data science into MSW management, unearthing key findings, novel knowledge, and instigating a call to action for stakeholders (e.g. policymakers, local authorities, waste management professionals, technology developers, and the general public) across the spectrum. Predominant challenges like the enigmatic nature of "black-box" models and tangible knowledge gaps in the sector are scrutinized, ushering in a narrative that emphasizes transparent, stakeholder-inclusive, and policy-adaptive approaches. Notably, a conscious shift towards "white-box" and "grey-box" data science models has been spotlighted as a pivotal response to transparency issues. Furthermore, the discourse highlights the necessity of crafting data science solutions that are specifically moulded to the nuanced challenges of MSW management, and it underscores the importance of recalibrating existing policies to be reflexive to technological advancements. A resolute call echoes for stakeholders to not just adapt but immerse themselves in a continuous learning trajectory, championing transparency, and fostering collaborations that hinge on innovative, data-driven methodologies. Thus, as the realms of data science and MSW management entwine, the article sheds light on the potential transformation awaiting waste management paradigms, contingent on the nurtured amalgamation of technological advances, policy alignment, and collaborative synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Li
- Water Research Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Naqvi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait.
| | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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29
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Muñiz Sierra H, Šyc M, Korotenko E. Wet shaking table operating parameters optimization for maximizing metal recovery from incineration bottom ash fine fraction. Waste Manag 2024; 174:539-548. [PMID: 38134541 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash has emerged as a secondary source of valuable metals, including aluminum and copper. Specifically, the fine fraction, with a particle size less than two millimeters, exhibits average grades of 2.5 g/kg for copper and 10.0 g/kg for elemental aluminum. Gravimetric concentration equipment, such as wet shaking tables, is widely used in the mining and recycling industries to concentrate materials based on density. However, the optimization of these devices typically relies on a trial-and-error approach. This paper presents a statistical model that optimizes the crucial working parameters of the wet shaking table for recovering elemental aluminum in a light product mineral matrix and copper in a high-density product. The statistical analysis highlights that upper values of shaking amplitude are beneficial for both the recovery and grade of copper and aluminum in the obtained products. Conversely, variations in other parameters, such as wash water or desk tilt, yield contrasting effects on grade and recovery. By precisely adjusting the working parameters of the device, the analyses demonstrate that copper enrichment of up to 45 times can be achieved in the product smaller than 500 µm and up to 15 times in the 500-2000 µm product, resulting in the recovery of approximately 65 % of the total copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Muñiz Sierra
- Research Group of Waste Management and Sustainable Technologies, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 165 00 Prague, The Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Šyc
- Research Group of Waste Management and Sustainable Technologies, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 165 00 Prague, The Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Korotenko
- Research Group of Waste Management and Sustainable Technologies, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 165 00 Prague, The Czech Republic
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30
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Saikia S, Kalamdhad AS. Assessment of pyrolysis potential of Indian municipal solid waste and legacy waste via physicochemical and thermochemical characterization. Bioresour Technol 2024; 394:130289. [PMID: 38181997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the viability of utilizing municipal solid waste (MSW) and legacy waste as a renewable energy source through pyrolysis, akin to solid fuels. The heating value of MSW and legacy waste were found to be 37737.89 and 40432.84 kJ/kg, respectively. Proximate analysis shows that MSW fits within Tanner diagram parameters, eliminating the need for auxiliary fuel in pyrolysis. With 47.6 % and 44.16 % lignin content in MSW and legacy waste were deemed suitable for char production. Thermal degradation resulted in mass losses of 68 % for MSW and 82 % for legacy waste. The kinetic and thermodynamic assessment indicates lower activation energy (Ea) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for MSW (5.72 kJ/mol and 170.37 kJ/mol, respectively) compared to fossil fuels, suggesting faster reactions without additional energy requirement. MSW emerges as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, aligning with the United Nations' 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Saikia
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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31
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Alves D, Villar I, Mato S. Community composting strategies for biowaste treatment: methodology, bulking agent and compost quality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:9873-9885. [PMID: 36820966 PMCID: PMC10850185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The European Union's commitment to increase recycling and recovery rates of municipal solid waste requires significant changes in current waste management. Local governments are developing various strategies for treating the organic fraction of municipal waste (biowaste) via composting. Community composting centres (CCC), green waste collection, treatment points and community gardens are some of these new approaches. Population density and spatial distribution, together with the existence of community green areas, determine the location of the various infrastructures for recycling local biowaste. The composting process consumes high amounts of bulking agent (BA) necessary to provide the structure that allows, amongst other uses, biowaste aeration and microbial surface colonisation. Shredded green waste from parks, gardens and households can be used as BA in community composting and home composting. In this study, a total of 46 compost samples obtained from CCC with two types of handling were analysed: 22 samples treated by vertical flow (VF) and 24 samples treated by horizontal flow (HF). The HF model allowed better use of the volume of modular composting units and the VF model required less effort and time for the CCC operator. Mature, stable and high-nutrient-content composts were obtained with both models. These composts met the legal requirements to be used as an organic amendment, and they can be delivered to the participants or used in community gardens in the municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alves
- Environmental Biology Group, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Iria Villar
- Environmental Biology Group, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Salustiano Mato
- Environmental Biology Group, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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32
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Yu T, Liao C, Stanisavljevic N, Li L, Peng X, Gao X, Yue D, Wang X. Four-decades evolutionary development of municipal solid waste management in China: Implications for sustainable waste management and circular economy. Waste Manag Res 2024:734242X231221083. [PMID: 38233374 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231221083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This study collected data on waste generation and management in China between 1979 and 2020 from government statistics and literature and reviewed the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China. The extended stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) model was employed to identify the driving forces of MSW generation, and the cointegration analysis showed that economy (0.35, t = -3.47), industrial structure (3.34, t = -20.77) and urbanization (-1.5, t = 5.678) were the significant socioeconomic driving forces in the long run. By employing the framework of evolutionary economics, this study then investigated the internal rules of long-term interaction between socioeconomic factors and MSW management. The results indicate that, in the long run, MSW management development can be viewed as an evolutionary process that includes a continuous adaptation to external socioeconomic factors and the co-evolution of internal institutions and technologies. Adaptation and diversity of institutions and technologies play an important role in achieving sustainable waste management and circular economy (CE). This study offers a novel evolutionary perspective for explaining dynamic changes of MSW management in China, as well as recommendations for emerging economies to achieve sustainable waste management and CE goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Yu
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenglin Liao
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nemanja Stanisavljevic
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment under Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment under Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment under Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongbei Yue
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment under Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Cui W, Wei Y, Ji N. Global trends of waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies in carbon neutral perspective: Bibliometric analysis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 270:115913. [PMID: 38198897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Waste-to-energy (WtE) technology is at the forefront of low-carbon municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment. MSW has been favoured by researchers in recent years due to its high potential to dispose of resources with WtE technology, which contributes to the carbon neutrality goal. However, there is a lack of research that integrates MSW WtE treatment from a global perspective and explores its future direction. Bibliometric methods are widely used because of their advantages in qualitative and quantitative literature information analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database, covering the period from 1990-2022, resulting in the collection of 702 articles. Subsequently, bibliometric software such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix, were jointly employed for co-occurrence, co-citation, and cluster analyses, providing an in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of the research hotspots and development trends of WtE technology for MSW treatment. The research findings indicate a rapid growth in studies on carbon emission reduction through WtE technology for MSW treatment since 2015, with these related articles accounting for 50% of articles. Globally, China, the United States, Italy, and other countries were active research regions, with Chinese research institutions making the largest contributions. However, contributions from developing countries are limited. Furthermore, this study systematically elaborates on the research hotspots in this field. Finally, this study identified some frontier research hotspots and directions. Research on WtE technology primarily focuses on technological methods and policy management, particularly from the carbon neutrality perspective, emphasis WtE technology sustainability in reducing carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality goals. Promoting the use of assisted decision-making models in the MSW management process, and focusing on the conversion of food waste into valuable energy. It is hoped that these research directions will provide new ideas for the balanced and rapid development of WtE technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Ningning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Morell-Delgado G, Talens Peiró L, Toboso-Chavero S. Revealing the management of municipal textile waste and citizen practices: The case of Catalonia. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:168093. [PMID: 37879469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the number of studies assessing the textile sector is increasing, only a few focus on its waste management. This study aims to shed light on current textile waste disposal practices and account for their environmental impact. To do so, a combination of citizen surveying and environmental quantitative tools, such as material flow analysis and life cycle assessment, are used to assess municipal textile waste in Catalonia in 2020. The results show that only approximately 10 % of municipal textile waste is separately collected, while 90 % is landfilled/incinerated. Of the 10 % of textiles collected separately, almost 40 % are prepared for reuse and recycled in Catalonia and Spain, approximately 40 % are exported for reuse and recycling in Asia, Africa and the rest of Europe, and the remaining 20 % are incinerated or landfilled, stocked or treated as improper waste. The carbon footprint generated by 1 t of textile waste managed by unseparated collection is 353 kg CO2 eq, which almost double that of 1 t of textile waste collected separately: 207 kg CO2 eq. The results also show that the emissions of textiles collected separately could be considerably reduced by minimizing their exports. The conclusions indicate that a proper course of action includes raising awareness about textile waste management and secondhand buying habits among citizens while investing in better sorting and local recycling technologies to reduce exports. Identifying the existing limitations to creating a local reuse and recycling textile sector is crucial to reduce its carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Morell-Delgado
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB, 'Maria de Maeztu' unit of excellence CEX2019-000940-M), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Talens Peiró
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB, 'Maria de Maeztu' unit of excellence CEX2019-000940-M), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Toboso-Chavero
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB, 'Maria de Maeztu' unit of excellence CEX2019-000940-M), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Integral Design and Management, Department of Materials, Mechanics, Management & Design, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
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Zhang M, Wei J, Li H, Chen Y, Liu J. Comparing and optimizing municipal solid waste (MSW) management focused on air pollution reduction from MSW incineration in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167952. [PMID: 37865250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest developing country in the world, and its municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased with a compound annual growth rate of 5.1 % since 1980. Incineration, which has the advantages of mass- and volume-reduction as well as energy and heat recovery, has become the mainstream environmentally sound treatment method in China. However, air pollution emissions are the primary reason for limiting MSW incineration (MSWI). Currently, the Chinese government is devoted to comprehensively implementing MSW classification. However, the classification model and the future MSW reduction rate are not yet clear. In this study, we project scenarios of air pollution emissions until 2030 based on the different MSW classification models (MSW reduction rates) and diffusion rates of ultra-low emission technology. A total of 6011 tons (t) of particulate matter, 25,881 t of SO2, 14,915 t of CO, 17,167 t of HCl, and 200,166 t of NOx will be emitted in 2030 under the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, and air pollutants will not peak under this scenario. Air pollutants will reduce by 11 % of the BAU scenario by only implementing an MSW reduction of 20 % (JPN-model). The optimal scenario (DEU-model, increasing the efficiency of material recovery and upgrading air pollution control devices) means that air pollutants will be reduced by 83.2-96.2 % from the base amount under the BAU scenario. These results provide references for MSW management and air pollution emission reduction from the aspects of MSW classification and technology upgrades in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Management, Guangdong University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Junxiao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Huan Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Singh D, Dikshit AK, Kumar S. Smart technological options in collection and transportation of municipal solid waste in urban areas: A mini review. Waste Manag Res 2024; 42:3-15. [PMID: 37246550 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231175816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in quantities and the mismanagement of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries are increasing the environmental impacts such as air, water and soil contamination. The present scenario of MSW management deals with numerous issues such as lack of technological resources, strategical management, social awareness, public participation, etc. Globally, numerous efforts in the form of new policies, schemes and regulatory acts have been made to develop a systematic collection and transportation (C&T) method using advanced, integrated technologies. However, very few studies have addressed this issue for low- and middle-income countries due to the lack of availability of reliable resources and data sets. This paper addresses the present challenges in C&T methods and highlights the application of information communication technology in monitoring, capturing, data management, planning, live tracking and communication. This systematic mini-review is based on the availability of technical resources, consumer acceptance and cost-effectiveness of different technologies in managing the processes. The study revealed that the C&T methods in most developed countries are designed based on their geographical stretch, climatic factors, waste characteristics and compatible technology, resulting in sustainable MSW management. However, developing countries have followed the same monotonous approach in managing their MSW, which fails in C&T process. The case study provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers to frame a better C&T process based on the recent technological interventions, infrastructure development, and social and economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deval Singh
- Environmental Science & Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil Kumar Dikshit
- Environmental Science & Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Caglar AE, Gökçe N, Şahin F. Sustaining environment through municipal solid waste: evidence from European Union economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:6040-6053. [PMID: 38147253 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
As part of their pursuit to succeed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), European Union (EU) countries have placed great importance on realizing SDG 11, which aims to create sustainable cities and communities. The relationship between environmental quality and municipal solid waste remains understudied despite its significant impact on achieving SDG-11. Consequently, this study seeks to peruse municipal solid waste, renewable energy consumption, human capital, and natural resources impact on load capacity as a comprehensive measure of environmental quality. By utilizing the CS-ARDL approach, this study reveals the inadequacy of municipal solid waste conversion in EU countries and highlights the favorable effect of human capital and renewable energy on enhancing environmental quality. Moreover, this study provides concrete evidence that natural resources contribute to environmental corruption. EU economies should adopt policies to bolster municipal solid waste conversion to improve environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazlı Gökçe
- Department of Economics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Faruk Şahin
- Department of Economics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Cui W, Wei Y. Spatio-temporal evolution and the driving factors of municipal solid waste in Chinese different geographical regions between 2002 and 2020. Environ Res 2024; 240:117456. [PMID: 37866540 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization and economic development have contributed to the rapid and massive generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and significant changes in spatial patterns, which are becoming a serious pollution problem. Previously, macroscopic studies on the driving factors of MSW have been widely conducted at the national level, but the exploration of the driving factors in different geographical regions on a regional scale has not received much attention in the previous literature. This study is based on China, spatial patterns were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation and movement of center of gravity, and time series clustering was used to explore temporal trends. Subsequently, Geodector was adopted to quantify the relationship between MSW generation and driving factors. The results of the study are as follows: 1) By analyzing the spatial pattern of MSW, this study found that MSW showed a spatial pattern of high in the southeast and low in the northwest during 2002-2020, and its separating line was the same as the Hu-line; the average center of gravity of MSW generation in the past 20 years was always located in Henan Province and shifted southward by 339.7 km. 2) The local spatial autocorrelation analysis results showed that the Low-Low clusters moved from southeast to northwest from 2002 to 2020, increasing to 20 cities. High-High clusters mainly appeared in the East Coast and South Coast regions, increasing from 8 to 17 cities in the last 20 years. 3) The analysis of driving factors by Geodetector revealed that Urbanization is the most critical dimension factor influencing MSW generation, with the strongest impact on the East Coast region. The next dimension is Economy, which has the most significant impact on MSW generation in the North West region. Energy is the third dimension that influences MSW generation, with the greatest impact on the North Coast region. The results of this study reveal trends in the spatial and temporal distribution of MSW in different geographic regions of China over the past 20 years and the impact of their driving factors, which can help the Chinese government take action to control MSW in a site-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Ghobakhloo S, Mostafaii GR, Khoshakhlagh AH, Moda HM, Gruszecka-Kosowska A. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in exposed workers of municipal waste recycling facility in Iran. Chemosphere 2024; 346:140627. [PMID: 37944764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals (HMs) present in the particulate matter from municipal solid waste during pretreatment and recycling processes may pose a serious health risk to workers. This was the first study on the exposure of municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling workers to toxic metals. The concentrations of HMs (Cd, Pb, As, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) during personal exposure to PM2.5 among municipal waste recycling facility workers in Kashan City, Iran, were investigated from January 15 to March 15, 2023. The research was performed in the three main stages of the waste recycling process: dismantling, sorting, and collecting. PM2.5 samples were collected using a personal environmental monitor (PEM) attached to a sampling pump. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk values and related uncertainty for waste recyclers from HMs inhalational exposure were calculated using USEPA methodology and Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that the dismantlers exhibited the highest exposure concentrations of PM2.5 (mean 2148 ± 1257 μg m-3), followed by sorters (mean 1864 ± 965 μg m-3), and collectors (mean 1782 ± 876 μg m-3). Health risk assessment indicated that 95th percentile contents of Ni, As, Co, and Zn were responsible for the non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values exceeding the acceptable level of 1. The contents of As, Ni, and Cr in PM2.5 caused a non-acceptable carcinogenic risk for waste recyclers due to inhalational exposure, as the carcinogenic risk (CR) values exceeded the acceptable threshold of 1 × 10-6. Monte Carlo simulation results revealed that the mean and median CR values from inhalational exposure to carcinogenic HMs exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10-6 for municipal waste recyclers. As results of this study indicated the high-risk to hazardous metals for waste recyclers due to occupational exposure in the MSW recycling sites, it is suggested to consider workers' exposure as the public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Ghobakhloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Mostafaii
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Haruna Musa Moda
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection; Department of Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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40
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Liu J, Kua HW, Wang CH, Tong YW, Zhang J, Peng Y. Improving urban ecosystem holistic sustainability of municipal solid waste-to-energy strategy using extended exergy accounting analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166730. [PMID: 37659547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Waste-to-energy technologies play a crucial role in integrated waste management strategies to reduce waste mass and volume, disinfect the waste, and recover energy; different technologies have advantages and disadvantages in treating municipal solid waste under urban conditions. This paper applies the extended exergy accounting method to develop an analytical framework to identify the optimal waste-to-energy strategy from an urban ecosystem holistic sustainability perspective. In the analytical framework, urban ecosystem costs and revenues are formulated as a multi-criteria cost-benefit quantitative model. The urban ecosystem cost is divided into five categories, and the urban ecosystem revenues consist of direct and indirect parts. The direct part is the chemical exergy of the waste-to-energy plants produced product, and the indirect part includes equivalent exergy content of power generation substitution, human health risk elimination, disamenity impact removal and environmental degradation avoidance. Proposing an indicator system to evaluate the waste-to-energy strategy impact on the sustainability of the urban ecosystems and social, economic and environmental sub-ecosystem. Detailed analysis of food waste treatment scenarios of a food center in Singapore was done as a case study to illustrate this analytical framework. Base scenario is current practice that food waste disposal in incineration plant. Anaerobic digestion and gasification are proposed as potential technological solutions for on-site food waste treatment in scenario I and II respectively. In different scenarios, the urban ecosystem costs are estimated to be 71,536.01, 61,854.87 and 74,190.34MJ/year respectively, and the urban ecosystem revenues are estimated to be 135,312.66, 405,442.53 and 298,426.81MJ/year respectively. We show that the scenario where food waste is treated by anaerobic digestion outperforms both the base scenario and scenario II in terms of urban ecosystem costs and revenues, technical energy conversion efficiency, contribution to urban ecosystem holistic sustainability, and natural, social, and economic subsystems improvement, making it the optimal municipal solid waste-to-energy strategy choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Harn Wei Kua
- Department of the Built Environment, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566, Singapore.
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 138602, China
| | - Yinghong Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
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Gao P, Hu Z, Sheng Y, Pan W, Tang L, Chen Y, Chen X, Wang F. Migration characteristics of chlorine during pyrolysis of municipal solid waste pellets. Waste Manag 2023; 172:208-215. [PMID: 37924596 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The migration process of chlorine during municipal solid waste (MSW) pellets pyrolysis was studied in a fixed bed reactor. Distribution and speciation changes of chlorine at different pyrolysis temperatures were determined by ion chromatography (IC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Results showed that chlorine was mainly distributed in pyrolysis char (42.36-65.29 %) and gas (26.66-35.03 %) after MSW pellets pyrolysis. With the temperature increasing, chlorine in char and tar was enriched due to the increase of chlorine release and the decrease of product yields, with chlorine concentration increasing to 3498 ppm and 1415 ppm at 800 °C, respectively. Results of chlorine forms analysis indicated that most of the organic-Cl in MSW was released into the volatiles during pyrolysis due to the dissociation of CCl. Inorganic-Cl became the dominant form of chlorine in char after pyrolysis, with the proportion increasing from 46.69 % (raw) to 61.22 % (500 °C), which also suggested that part of organic-Cl was converted into the inorganic-Cl. Notably, the proportions of inorganic-Cl decreased at >600 °C due to the migration of inorganic. In addition, the pyrolysis release behavior of chlorine was affected by the pore structure of char, which could be inhibited by the unprosperous pores in char, especially at low temperatures (<600 °C). These findings provided a reference for the chlorine regulation of MSW pyrolytic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zichao Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yue Sheng
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Weitong Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Longfei Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yihan Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Fuchen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Bhambore N, Kumar MS. Assessing seasonal fluctuations in leachate chemical properties and leachate pollution index as contamination indicators. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1432. [PMID: 37940811 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management practices that lack scientific rigor and use impromptu methods have produced massive leachate in urban complexes. Nowadays, the management of leachate has become an utmost concern worldwide. The MSW landfill site was a low-lying, open dump that operated in a non-engineered way. In this context, the physicochemical characterization of leachate has been carried out. Leachate sampling was done at the Bhandewadi dumpsite, Nagpur, for three seasons (summer, rainy, and winter). During analysis, parameters such as COD, BOD5, pH, TKN, TSS, sulfates, and chlorides were analyzed, and the obtained data was compared with the standard EPA 2003 and CPHEEO 2016 methods. Values of COD, BOD5, TKN, sulfates, and chlorides were in the range of 2500-16,000 mg/L, 495-2500 mg/L, 167-1900 mg/L, 240-900 mg/L, and 1400-5900 mg/L with respect to all three seasons, respectively. In conjunction with physicochemical analysis, the landfill leachate's leachate pollutant index (LPI) was assessed. The highest LPI values were observed for summer (14.323) as compared to rainy (12.301) and winter (11.348) data. This index reflects the hazardous character of MSW leachate and the total potential for leachate contamination. The results of this study showed seasonal variations in the observed data. Age and seasonal fluctuations therefore substantially influence the composition of the leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Bhambore
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zhi Y, Ma S, Qin J, Zhao Z, Zhou C. Assessing the city-level material stocks in landfills and the landfill mining potential of China. Environ Res 2023; 236:116737. [PMID: 37507041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Landfill mining has become an emerging issue in urban metabolism research and environmental remediation practices. Comprehensive understanding of the quantity and distribution of material stocks in landfills, as well as identifying hotspots of landfill mining potential, is of crucial importance. However, high-resolution datasets and systematic analytical tools remain insufficient. This study established a time-series landfill material stock inventory at prefecture level in China. An evaluation system for mining potential of landfills at prefecture level was then constructed using an integrated expert scoring and entropy weight method, based on ten indicators across five dimensions, including environmental impact, energy recovery, resource cycling, economic cost, and social aspect. The results show that over the past twenty years, the material stock in landfills was 2321.07 Tg (106 tons) in China, among which, soil-like materials, ash & stone and plastic & rubber were the three largest fractions, accounting for 61.06 wt%, 18.96 wt%, and 12.69 wt% of the total stock. Regional differences in landfill mining potential were found to be significant, with South China presenting the largest mining potential, while Southwest China showed the lowest. Cities with better economic development in China show the possibility to have greater landfill mining potential. This study established a methodology for the assessment of landfill mining potential for China or other countries, and provided scientific evidences for formulating regional-specific policies on landfill mining in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehao Zhi
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Shijun Ma
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhilan Zhao
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Chuanbin Zhou
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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Kumari M, Chandel MK. Anaerobic Co-digestion of sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste: Focus on mix ratio optimization and synergistic effects. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118821. [PMID: 37598490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge (SS) as a source of renewable energy is crucial in achieving sustainable and integrated MSW management. SS and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) can be anaerobically digested to produce methane for energy. However, anaerobic digestion of specific substrates is challenging with respect to substrate characteristics. The problem of mono-digestion can be mitigated by co-digestion of these two major organic wastes because of their complementary characteristics. Moreover, there is a lack of studies on optimization of different mix ratios of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and sewage sludge (SS) based on total solids (TS). The study aims to optimize the mix ratio for anaerobic co-digestion of OFMSW and SS. The study further elucidates synergistic effects associated with the co-digestion process. Different mix ratios of SS and OFMSW (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, 100:0) at 5, 7.5 and 10% TS were assessed for biomethane potential assessment. The results showed that with an increase in SS in the mix ratio feed the methane yield increased by 91% and 50% as compared to mono digestion of sewage sludge and OFMSW respectively at TS 7.5%. Based on the kinetic analysis, it was observed that the lag phase reduced for 60:40 mix ratio leading to higher rate of biodegradation. Positive synergistic effects were observed for 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20 mix ratio of SS:OFMSW based on co-digestion impact factor value. Response surface modelling was used to get the optimized mix ratio and TS %. The optimum mix ratio with the highest methane yield (388 ml/gVS added) was 70:30 (SS: OFMSW) at TS 7.5% with a desirability value of 0.98. These findings demonstrate that co-digesting SS and OFMSW is a preferable alternative for harnessing renewable energy and managing organic waste in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kumari
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Munish K Chandel
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Doboch Wanore T, Abera Angello Z, Menberu Fetanu Z. Optimized landfill site selection for municipal solid waste by integrating GIS and multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique, Hossana town, southern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21257. [PMID: 38034648 PMCID: PMC10682530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper solid waste disposal has remained the major bottleneck for the socio-economic development particularly in urban and peri-urban areas of Ethiopia. This study was conducted with the prime aim of identifying an optimum municipal solid waste (MSW) management option subsequently selecting the best landfill site in Hossana town using integrated geographical information systems (GIS) and multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. Accordingly, GIS integrated with MCDA was used to analyze the relative weight of each criterion and the overall suitability map where ten criteria were considered within their respective constraints. To create a landfill suitability index, environmental and socioeconomic factors such as distance from settlement, land use and land cover, lineament, slope, road, and wind direction/aspect were weighted. Population growth, waste generation rate, and waste volume/year were used to calculate the required landfill size. The study finding revealed that the town's MSW generation rate was 0.45 kg/cap/day, which was within the range of most of Ethiopian urban areas. On the other hand, the total daily and annual MSW generation was found to be 79.58 and 29,047 tonnes, respectively. Moreover, the study's findings revealed that 20.8 % of the solid waste was found was recyclable and the remaining 79.20 % was non-recyclable. Considering the future trend of waste generation, 19 ha of land in the city's Northern and Southern outskirts was chosen as a candidate landfill site with all the necessary suitability analysis. Therefore, optimized landfill site selection and better management system of MSW in urban and peri-urban areas could be achieved by the conjunctive application of MCDA and GIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Doboch Wanore
- Faculty of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Abera Angello
- Faculty of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
| | - Zemed Menberu Fetanu
- Faculty of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
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Kooch Y, Nouraei A, Haghverdi K, Kolb S, Francaviglia R. Landfill leachate has multiple negative impacts on soil health indicators in Hyrcanian forest, northern Iran. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:166341. [PMID: 37597542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The storage of municipal solid wastes in unengineered landfills poses a severe threat to soil functions and health. Wastes seriously threaten human health and the terrestrial ecosystem, especially due to heavy metals. There is a general knowledge gap about the long-term impacts of storage wastes on the soil health indicators which are effective on soil functions. This investigation focuses on the examination of landfill leachate on soil health indicators from different years in the Hyrcanian forest region in northern Iran. For this purpose, soil sampling was done in the summer of 2012 and 2022 (from three depths of 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm and on a surface of 30 cm × 30 cm). Soil samples were randomly collected from a polluted forest used as waste storage and a nearby unpolluted protected forest. In addition to the general soil physical, chemical and biological parameters, the amounts of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the soil were also measured. Simultaneously with soil sampling, earthworms (from a depth of 0-30 cm) were collected and identified. Also, the concentration of Cd and Pb in the earthworm's biomass were measured in the laboratory. We found that unpolluted sites had maximum values of N, K, P, and Ca than the polluted sites. In addition, a decrease of soil aggregates stability, nutrient contents, microbial and enzyme activities, and also fauna and microflora abundance were found in the polluted sites in the period 2012-2022. Soil Cd and Pb contents were more in the polluted site in 2022 compared to the unpolluted site. Lumbricus rubellus and Lumbricus terrestris earthworms had significantly higher population in the polluted sites and higher accumulation of Cd and Pb in biomass. According to our results, soil health decreased in the order unpolluted site 2022 > unpolluted site 2012 > polluted site 2012 > polluted site 2022, which corresponds with the reduction of soil health during the release of landfill leachate. This investigation contributes to understand landfill pollution derived from leachate and its effects on soil physical, chemical and biological parameters to help managing landfill leachate. Therefore, the main issue is choosing a landfill system that minimizes the risk of pollution, installing a leachate collection system and constructing a landfill with engineering principles that can reduce the effects of urban waste pollution on soil health. We emphasize that landfilling is dangerous for the environment, so the government should implement sanitary landfilling to prevent further contamination of surface and underground waters, as well as soil in the precious Hyrcanian forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Kooch
- Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489 Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Azam Nouraei
- Department of Sciences and Forest Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Katayoun Haghverdi
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Steffen Kolb
- Microbial Biogeochemistry, RA Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Rosa Francaviglia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, 00184 Rome, Italy.
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G S J S, Ramakodi MP, T V B P S R. Review of bioaerosols from different sources and their health impacts. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1321. [PMID: 37840110 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The emission of bioaerosols in the ambient atmosphere from different sources is a cause of concern for human health and the environment. Bioaerosols are a combination of biotic matter like microbes and pollens. The present review emphasizes the understanding of various sources of bioaerosols (industries, municipal solid waste, and medical facilities), their components, and their impact on human health. The study of bioaerosols is of great importance as large numbers of people are estimated to be exposed on the global scale. Bioaerosols exposure in different work environments results in health issues such as infectious diseases, allergies, toxic effects, and respiratory problems. Hence, extensive research is urged to establish an effective assessment of bioaerosols exposure in the workplace, risks involved, distribution, and validation. The present review is intended to explore the relationship between bioaerosols exposure to the atmosphere and its impacts on human health. Some of the preliminary findings, based on our analysis of bioaerosols arising from municipal solid waste at a landfill site and a waste transfer station in Hyderabad, India, are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja G S J
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT Campus, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
| | - Meganathan P Ramakodi
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT Campus, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna T V B P S
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT Campus, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Gong H, Hu J, Rui X, Luo J, Zhu N. Unveiling the occurrence, distribution, removal, and environmental impacts of 65 emerging contaminants in neglected fresh leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants. J Hazard Mater 2023; 460:132355. [PMID: 37651937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are commonly found in environmental media. Yet leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants (MSWIPs), which can serve as a reservoir for various contaminants, including ECs, has received little investigation. To address this gap, 65 ECs were analyzed in the fresh leachate and biological effluent from three major MSWIPs in Shanghai. Results indicated that over half (56%) of the 65 ECs were detected in fresh leachate. Different ECs would be removed to varying degrees after biological treatment, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (65%), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (51%), phthalate esters (PAEs) (36%), and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) (34%). Notably, for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a PBDE substitute, only 2% was removed after biological treatment, while polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were effectively removed at 83%. Water solubility and the octanol-water partition coefficient are key factors influencing the distribution and removal of ECs in leachate. the effluent will still contain refractory ECs even after the biological treatment. These residual ECs discharged to sewers can impact wastewater treatment plants or contaminate surface water and groundwater. These findings provide insights into the leachate contamination by ECs, their environmental fate, factors affecting their behavior, and potential environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Gong
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuan Rui
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinming Luo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Singh A, Srivastava AK. Effects of socio-economic status and daily variation on municipal solid waste composition: a preliminary analysis for sustainable planning and development in Aligarh City. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1301. [PMID: 37828370 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In the context of developing countries such as India, with great differences in people's living standards and different communities, municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the most promising problems in front of municipal organizations. Unlike every city in India, Aligarh City also faces the same problem of municipal solid waste management. This problem not only affects the esthetic view but is also hazardous to people nearby health. Currently, solid waste collected is either dumped in landfill unscientifically or partially treated by A to Z waste management (limited) by composting. In the present study, an effort was made to know about the per capita waste generation and variations in the quantity of different components of the MSW in five different regions of the city with dissimilar living standards. Also, weekly variation was analyzed in the study. One-way ANOVA analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is performed to investigate the variations in the mean composition of different components. The per capita solid waste generation in Aligarh City was found to be 0.42 kg/person/day. From the analysis, we came to know that compostable component (35.4%) is the highest, then inert (24.6%), plastic (12.2%), paper (10%), textile (9.2%), and sand (8.6%). After analysis, the results can help sort out the problem of MSW management in the city by selecting appropriate units as per the composition of MSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, UP, 284128, India.
| | - Amitabh Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Civil Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, UP, 284128, India
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50
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Xie Y, Wang H, Guo Y, Wang C, Cui H, Xue J. Effects of biochar-amended soils as intermediate covers on the physical, mechanical and biochemical behaviour of municipal solid wastes. Waste Manag 2023; 171:512-521. [PMID: 37806159 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of biochar-amended soils as landfill covers have been extensively studied in terms of liquid and gas permeability. However, the influences of biochar-amended soils on the performance of municipal solid wastes (MSWs) in bioreactor landfills have not been well understood. This paper investigates the potential application of biochar-amended soils as final and intermediate covers in landfills. The MSWs with biochar-amended soils as final and intermediate covers were recirculated with mature leachate in laboratory-scale bioreactors. The pH, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations of leachates, mass reduction rates, settlement, methane, and total gas generations of MSWs were investigated. The results indicate that biochar-amended soils as intermediate landfill covers can provide pH-buffer capacity, increase the pH of leachate and decrease the accumulation of VFAs in the early stage of decomposition. The concentration of ammonia in the leachate with biochar-amended soils as intermediate cover is lower than that with natural soils. The application of biochar-amended soils as intermediate and/or final covers increases the biocompression ratios and settlement of MSWs. The application of biochar-amended soils as final cover slightly decreases the methane generation potential (L0). Biochar-amended soils as intermediate covers increase L0 by 10%, and biochar-amended soils as both intermediate and final covers enhance L0 by 25%. The increase in the ammonia removal, settlement, and methane yield indicates the viability of biochar-amended soils as intermediate landfill covers. Further studies can focus on the long-term behaviour of MSWs with soil covers with different biochar amendment rates and particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekai Xie
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2612, Australia
| | - Hongxu Wang
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2612, Australia
| | - Yingying Guo
- Civil Branch, Infrastructure Delivery Partner, Major Projects Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2606, Australia
| | - Chenman Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanwen Cui
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2612, Australia; Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, South Coast Region, Nerang, QLD 4211, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Xue
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2612, Australia.
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