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Tiwari A, Haj N, Elgrably B, Berihu M, Laskov V, Barash S, Zigron S, Sason H, Shamay Y, Karni-Ashkenazi S, Holdengreber M, Saar G, Vandoorne K. Cross-Modal Imaging Reveals Nanoparticle Uptake Dynamics in Hematopoietic Bone Marrow during Inflammation. ACS Nano 2024; 18:7098-7113. [PMID: 38343099 PMCID: PMC10919094 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been employed to elucidate the innate immune cell biology and trace cells accumulating at inflammation sites. Inflammation prompts innate immune cells, the initial responders, to undergo rapid turnover and replenishment within the hematopoietic bone marrow. Yet, we currently lack a precise understanding of how inflammation affects cellular nanoparticle uptake at the level of progenitors of innate immune cells in the hematopoietic marrow. To bridge this gap, we aimed to develop imaging tools to explore the uptake dynamics of fluorescently labeled cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticles in the bone marrow niche under varying degrees of inflammation. The inflammatory models included mice that received intramuscular lipopolysaccharide injections to induce moderate inflammation and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with additional intramuscular lipopolysaccharide injections to intensify inflammation. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging revealed an elevated level of nanoparticle uptake at the bone marrow as the levels of inflammation increased. The heightened uptake of nanoparticles within the inflamed marrow was attributed to enhanced permeability and retention with increased nanoparticle intake by hematopoietic progenitor cells. Moreover, intravital microscopy showed increased colocalization of nanoparticles within slowly patrolling monocytes in these inflamed hematopoietic marrow niches. Our discoveries unveil a previously unknown role of the inflamed hematopoietic marrow in enhanced storage and rapid deployment of nanoparticles, which can specifically target innate immune cells at their production site during inflammation. These insights underscore the critical function of the hematopoietic bone marrow in distributing iron nanoparticles to innate immune cells during inflammation. Our findings offer diagnostic and prognostic value, identifying the hematopoietic bone marrow as an imaging biomarker for early detection in inflammation imaging, advancing personalized clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Tiwari
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Narmeen Haj
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Betsalel Elgrably
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Maria Berihu
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Viktor Laskov
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Third
Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Sivan Barash
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shachar Zigron
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hagit Sason
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yosi Shamay
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shiri Karni-Ashkenazi
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Maya Holdengreber
- Biomedical
Core Facility, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Galit Saar
- Biomedical
Core Facility, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Katrien Vandoorne
- Faculty
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Kowalewska PM, Milkovich SL, Goldman D, Sandow SL, Ellis CG, Welsh DG. Capillary oxygen regulates demand-supply coupling by triggering connexin40-mediated conduction: Rethinking the metabolic hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2303119121. [PMID: 38349880 PMCID: PMC10895355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303119121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Coupling red blood cell (RBC) supply to O2 demand is an intricate process requiring O2 sensing, generation of a stimulus, and signal transduction that alters upstream arteriolar tone. Although actively debated, this process has been theorized to be induced by hypoxia and to involve activation of endothelial inwardly rectifying K+ channels (KIR) 2.1 by elevated extracellular K+ to trigger conducted hyperpolarization via connexin40 (Cx40) gap junctions to upstream resistors. This concept was tested in resting healthy skeletal muscle of Cx40-/- and endothelial KIR2.1-/- mice using state-of-the-art live animal imaging where the local tissue O2 environment was manipulated using a custom gas chamber. Second-by-second capillary RBC flow responses were recorded as O2 was altered. A stepwise drop in PO2 at the muscle surface increased RBC supply in capillaries of control animals while elevated O2 elicited the opposite response; capillaries were confirmed to express Cx40. The RBC flow responses were rapid and tightly coupled to O2; computer simulations did not support hypoxia as a driving factor. In contrast, RBC flow responses were significantly diminished in Cx40-/- mice. Endothelial KIR2.1-/- mice, on the other hand, reacted normally to O2 changes, even when the O2 challenge was targeted to a smaller area of tissue with fewer capillaries. Conclusively, microvascular O2 responses depend on coordinated electrical signaling via Cx40 gap junctions, and endothelial KIR2.1 channels do not initiate the event. These findings reconceptualize the paradigm of blood flow regulation in skeletal muscle and how O2 triggers this process in capillaries independent of extracellular K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Kowalewska
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Milkovich
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Shaun L Sandow
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher G Ellis
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Donald G Welsh
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Anbarafshan R, Pellow C, Kiezun K, Leong H, Goertz DE. In vivo high-speed microscopy of microbubbles in the chorioallantoic membrane model. Theranostics 2024; 14:1794-1814. [PMID: 38505609 PMCID: PMC10945333 DOI: 10.7150/thno.91232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The acoustic stimulation of microbubbles within microvessels can elicit a spectrum of therapeutically relevant bioeffects from permeabilization to perfusion shutdown. These bioeffects ultimately arise from complex interactions between microbubbles and microvascular walls, though such interactions are poorly understood particularly at high pressure, due to a paucity of direct in vivo observations. The continued development of focused ultrasound methods hinges in large part on establishing links between microbubble-microvessel interactions, cavitation signals, and bioeffects. Methods: Here, a system was developed to enable simultaneous high-speed intravital imaging and cavitation monitoring of microbubbles in vivo in a chorioallantoic membrane model. Exposures were conducted using the clinical agent DefinityTM under conditions previously associated with microvascular damage (1 MHz, 0.5-3.5 MPa, 5 ms pulse length). Results: Ultrasound-activated microbubbles could be observed and were found to induce localized wall deformations that were more pronounced in smaller microvessels and increased with pressure. A central finding was that microbubbles could extravasate from microvessels (from 34% of vessels at 1 MPa to 79% at 3 MPa) during insonation (94% within 0.5 ms) and that this occurred more frequently and in progressively larger microvessels (up to 180 µm) as pressure was increased. Following microbubble extravasation, transient or sustained red blood cell leakage ensued at the extravasation site in 96% of cases for pressures ≥1 MPa. Conclusions: The results here represent the first high-speed in vivo investigation of high-pressure focused ultrasound-induced microbubble-microvessel interactions. This data provides direct evidence that the process of activated microbubble extravasation can occur in vivo and that it is linked to producing microvessel wall perforations of sufficient size to permit red blood cell leakage. The association of red blood cell leakage with microbubble extravasation provides mechanistic insight into the process of microvessel rupture, which has been widely observed in histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojin Anbarafshan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Carly Pellow
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Kevin Kiezun
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Hon Leong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - David E. Goertz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
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Fernandez JL, Snipstad S, Bjørkøy A, Davies CDL. Real-Time Multiphoton Intravital Microscopy of Drug Extravasation in Tumours during Acoustic Cluster Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:349. [PMID: 38391962 PMCID: PMC10887035 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimising drug delivery to tumours remains an obstacle to effective cancer treatment. A prerequisite for successful chemotherapy is that the drugs reach all tumour cells. The vascular network of tumours, extravasation across the capillary wall and penetration throughout the extracellular matrix limit the delivery of drugs. Ultrasound combined with microbubbles has been shown to improve the therapeutic response in preclinical and clinical studies. Most studies apply microbubbles designed as ultrasound contrast agents. Acoustic Cluster Therapy (ACT®) is a novel approach based on ultrasound-activated microbubbles, which have a diameter 5-10 times larger than regular contrast agent microbubbles. An advantage of using such large microbubbles is that they are in contact with a larger part of the capillary wall, and the oscillating microbubbles exert more effective biomechanical effects on the vessel wall. In accordance with this, ACT® has shown promising therapeutic results in combination with various drugs and drug-loaded nanoparticles. Knowledge of the mechanism and behaviour of drugs and microbubbles is needed to optimise ACT®. Real-time intravital microscopy (IVM) is a useful tool for such studies. This paper presents the experimental setup design for visualising ACT® microbubbles within the vasculature of tumours implanted in dorsal window (DW) chambers. It presents ultrasound setups, the integration and alignment of the ultrasound field with the optical system in live animal experiments, and the methodologies for visualisation and analysing the recordings. Dextran was used as a fluorescent marker to visualise the blood vessels and to trace drug extravasation and penetration into the extracellular matrix. The results reveal that the experimental setup successfully recorded the kinetics of extravasation and penetration distances into the extracellular matrix, offering a deeper understanding of ACT's mechanisms and potential in localised drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lage Fernandez
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (S.S.); (A.B.); (C.d.L.D.)
| | - Sofie Snipstad
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (S.S.); (A.B.); (C.d.L.D.)
- Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Bjørkøy
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (S.S.); (A.B.); (C.d.L.D.)
| | - Catharina de Lange Davies
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (S.S.); (A.B.); (C.d.L.D.)
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5
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Umezu K, Musina GR, Larina IV. In vivo dynamic volumetric imaging of mouse testis and epididymis with optical coherence tomography†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:365-376. [PMID: 37971359 PMCID: PMC10873499 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of live imaging in reproductive research is crucial for studying the physiological dynamics. Sperm transport is a highly dynamic process regulated by tubular contractions and luminal flows within the male reproductive tract. However, due to the lack of imaging techniques to capture these dynamics in vivo, there is little information on the physiological and biomechanical regulation of sperm transport through the male reproductive tract. Here, we present a functional in vivo imaging approach using optical coherence tomography, enabling live, label-free, depth-resolved, three-dimensional, high-resolution visualization of the mouse testis and epididymis. With this approach, we spatiotemporally captured tubular contractility in mouse testis and epididymis, as well as microstructures of these reproductive organs. Our findings demonstrated that the contraction frequency varies significantly depending on the epididymal regions, suggesting the spatial regulation of epididymal contractility. Furthermore, we implemented quantitative measurements of the contraction wave and luminal transport through the epididymal duct, revealing the physiological dynamics within the male reproductive tract. The results show that the contraction wave propagates along the epididymal duct and the wave propagation velocity was estimated in vivo. In conclusion, this is the first study to develop in vivo dynamic volumetric imaging of the male reproductive tract, which allows for quantitative analysis of the dynamics associated with sperm transport. This study sets a platform for various studies investigating normal and abnormal male reproductive physiology as well as the pharmacological and environmental effects on reproductive functions in mouse models, ultimately contributing to a comprehensive understanding of male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Umezu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guzel R Musina
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irina V Larina
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Li Z, Kovshova T, Malinovskaya J, Valikhov M, Melnikov P, Osipova N, Maksimenko O, Dhakal N, Chernysheva A, Chekhonin V, Gelperina S, Wacker MG. Modeling the Drug delivery Lifecycle of PLG Nanoparticles Using Intravital Microscopy. Small 2023:e2306726. [PMID: 38152951 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide-co-glycolide (PLG) nanoparticles hold immense promise for cancer therapy due to their enhanced efficacy and biodegradable matrix structure. Understanding their interactions with blood cells and subsequent biodistribution kinetics is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic potential. In this study, three doxorubicin-loaded PLG nanoparticle systems are synthesized and characterized, analyzing their size, zeta potential, morphology, and in vitro release behavior. Employing intravital microscopy in 4T1-tumor-bearing mice, real-time blood and tumor distribution kinetics are investigated. A mechanistic pharmacokinetic model is used to analyze biodistribution kinetics. Additionally, flow cytometry is utilized to identify cells involved in nanoparticle hitchhiking. Following intravenous injection, PLG nanoparticles exhibit an initial burst release (<1 min) and rapidly adsorb to blood cells (<5 min), hindering extravasation. Agglomeration leads to the clearance of one carrier species within 3 min. In stable dispersions, drug release rather than extravasation remains the dominant pathway for drug elimination from circulation. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the interplay between competing kinetics that influence the lifecycle of PLG nanoparticles post-injection. The findings advance the understanding of nanoparticle behavior and lay the foundation for improved cancer therapy strategies using nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Tatyana Kovshova
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Julia Malinovskaya
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Marat Valikhov
- Department of Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinskiy per. 23, Moscow, 119034, Russia
| | - Pavel Melnikov
- Department of Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinskiy per. 23, Moscow, 119034, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Osipova
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Olga Maksimenko
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Namrata Dhakal
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Anastasia Chernysheva
- Department of Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinskiy per. 23, Moscow, 119034, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department of Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinskiy per. 23, Moscow, 119034, Russia
| | - Svetlana Gelperina
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
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Garanina AS, Vishnevskiy DA, Chernysheva AA, Valikhov MP, Malinovskaya JA, Lazareva PA, Semkina AS, Abakumov MA, Naumenko VA. Neutrophil as a Carrier for Cancer Nanotherapeutics: A Comparative Study of Liposome, PLGA, and Magnetic Nanoparticles Delivery to Tumors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1564. [PMID: 38004431 PMCID: PMC10674452 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient drug accumulation in tumors is still a major concern for using cancer nanotherapeutics. Here, the neutrophil-based delivery of three nanoparticle types-liposomes, PLGA, and magnetite nanoparticles-was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Confocal microscopy and a flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that all the studied nanoparticles interacted with neutrophils from the peripheral blood of mice with 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma without a significant impact on neutrophil viability or activation state. Intravital microscopy of the tumor microenvironment showed that the neutrophils did not engulf the liposomes after intravenous administration, but facilitated nanoparticle extravasation in tumors through micro- and macroleakages. PLGA accumulated along the vessel walls in the form of local clusters. Later, PLGA nanoparticle-loaded neutrophils were found to cross the vascular barrier and migrate towards the tumor core. The magnetite nanoparticles extravasated in tumors both via spontaneous macroleakages and on neutrophils. Overall, the specific type of nanoparticles largely determined their behavior in blood vessels and their neutrophil-mediated delivery to the tumor. Since neutrophils are the first to migrate to the site of inflammation, they can increase nanodrug delivery effectiveness for nanomedicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia S. Garanina
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daniil A. Vishnevskiy
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Anastasia A. Chernysheva
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Marat P. Valikhov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | | | - Polina A. Lazareva
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Alevtina S. Semkina
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Maxim A. Abakumov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Victor A. Naumenko
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
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Bumroongthai K, Kavanagh DPJ, Genever P, Kalia N. Improving vasculoprotective effects of MSCs in coronary microvessels - benefits of 3D culture, sub-populations and heparin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257497. [PMID: 37954606 PMCID: PMC10635425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Opening occluded coronary arteries in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) damages the delicate coronary microvessels through a process called myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to limit this injury, clinical success remains limited. This may be due to (i) poor MSC homing to the heart (ii) infused MSCs, even if derived from the same site, being a heterogeneous population with varying therapeutic efficacy and (iii) conventional 2D culture of MSCs decreasing their homing and beneficial properties. This study investigated whether 3D culture of two distinctly different bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC sub-populations could improve their homing and coronary vasculoprotective efficacy. Methods Intravital imaging of the anaesthetised mouse beating heart was used to investigate the trafficking and microvascular protective effects of two clonally-derived BM-derived MSC lines, namely CD317neg MSCs-Y201 and CD317pos MSCs-Y202, cultured using conventional monolayer and 3D hanging drop methods. Results 3D culture consistently improved the adhesive behaviour of MSCs-Y201 to various substrates in vitro. However, it was their differential ability to reduce neutrophil events within the coronary capillaries and improve ventricular perfusion in vivo that was most remarkable. Moreover, dual therapy combined with heparin further improved the vasculoprotection afforded by 3D cultured MSCs-Y201 by also modifying platelet as well as neutrophil recruitment, which subsequently led to the greatest salvage of viable myocardium. Therapeutic benefit could mechanistically be explained by reductions in coronary endothelial oxidative stress and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. However, since this was noted by both 2D and 3D cultured MSCs-Y201, therapeutic benefit is likely explained by the fact that 3D cultured MSCs-Y201 were the most potent sub-population at reducing serum levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion This novel study highlights the importance of not only 3D culture, but also of a specific CD317neg MSC sub-population, as being critical to realising their full coronary vasculoprotective potential in the injured heart. Since the smallest coronary blood vessels are increasingly recognised as a primary target of reperfusion injury, therapeutic interventions must be able to protect these delicate structures from inflammatory cells and maintain perfusion in the heart. We propose that relatively feasible technical modifications in a specific BM-derived MSC sub-population could achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobkaew Bumroongthai
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dean P. J. Kavanagh
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Shinde P, Kiepas A, Zhang L, Sudhir S, Konstantopoulos K, Stamatos NM. Polysialylation controls immune function of myeloid cells in murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112648. [PMID: 37339052 PMCID: PMC10592499 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a post-translational modification of a select group of cell-surface proteins that guides cellular interactions. As the overall impact of changes in expression of this glycan on leukocytes during infection is not known, we evaluate the immune response of polySia-deficient ST8SiaIV-/- mice infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, ST8SiaIV-/- mice are less susceptible to infection and clear Spn from airways faster, with alveolar macrophages demonstrating greater viability and phagocytic activity. Leukocyte pulmonary recruitment, paradoxically, is diminished in infected ST8SiaIV-/- mice, corroborated by adoptive cell transfer, microfluidic migration experiments, and intravital microscopy, and possibly explained by dysregulated ERK1/2 signaling. PolySia is progressively lost from neutrophils and monocytes migrating from bone marrow to alveoli in Spn-infected WT mice, consistent with changing cellular functions. These data highlight multidimensional effects of polySia on leukocytes during an immune response and suggest therapeutic interventions for optimizing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Shinde
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shreya Sudhir
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nicholas M Stamatos
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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10
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Pitzer CR, Aboaziza EA, O'Reilly JM, Mandler WK, Olfert IM. Nicotine and Microvascular Responses in Skeletal Muscle from Acute Exposure to Cigarettes and Vaping. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10208. [PMID: 37373356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite claims of safety or harm reduction for electronic cigarettes (E-cig) use (also known as vaping), emerging evidence indicates that E-cigs are not likely safe, or necessarily safer than traditional cigarettes, when considering the user's risk of developing vascular dysfunction/disease. E-cigs are different from regular cigarettes in that E-cig devices are highly customizable, and users can change the e-liquid composition (such as the base solution, flavors, and nicotine level). Since the effects of E-cigs on the microvascular responses in skeletal muscle are poorly understood, we used intravital microscopy with an acute (one-time 10 puff) exposure paradigm to evaluate the individual components of e-liquid on vascular tone and endothelial function in the arterioles of the gluteus maximus muscle of anesthetized C57Bl/6 mice. Consistent with the molecular responses seen with endothelial cells, we found that the peripheral vasoconstriction response was similar between mice exposed to E-cig aerosol or cigarette smoke (i.e., 3R4F reference cigarette); this response was not nicotine dependent, and endothelial cell-mediated vasodilation was not altered within this acute exposure paradigm. We also report that, regardless of the base solution component [i.e., vegetable glycerin (VG)-only or propylene glycol (PG)-only], the vasoconstriction responses were the same in mice with inhalation exposure to 3R4F cigarette smoke or E-cig aerosol. Key findings from this work reveal that some component other than nicotine, in inhaled smoke or aerosol, is responsible for triggering peripheral vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle, and that regardless of one's preference for an E-cig base solution composition (i.e., ratio of VG-to-PG), the acute physiological response to blood vessels appears to be the same. The data suggest that vaping is not likely to be 'safer' than smoking towards blood vessels and can be expected to produce and/or result in the same adverse vascular health outcomes associated with smoking cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Pitzer
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Eiman A Aboaziza
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Juliana M O'Reilly
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - W Kyle Mandler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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11
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Dickson K, Scott C, White H, Zhou J, Kelly M, Lehmann C. Antibacterial and Analgesic Properties of Beta-Caryophyllene in a Murine Urinary Tract Infection Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104144. [PMID: 37241885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-caryophyllene has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of conditions, including interstitial cystitis. These effects are mediated primarily via the activation of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor. Additional antibacterial properties have recently been suggested, leading to our investigation of the effects of beta-caryophyllene in a murine model of urinary tract infection (UTI). Female BALB/c mice were intravesically inoculated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073. The mice received either beta-caryophyllene, antibiotic treatment using fosfomycin, or combination therapy. After 6, 24, or 72 h, the mice were evaluated for bacterial burden in the bladder and changes in pain and behavioral responses using von Frey esthesiometry. In the 24 h model, the anti-inflammatory effects of beta-caryophyllene were also assessed using intravital microscopy. The mice established a robust UTI by 24 h. Altered behavioral responses persisted 72 h post infection. Treatment with beta-caryophyllene resulted in a significant reduction in the bacterial burden in urine and bladder tissues 24 h post UTI induction and significant improvements in behavioral responses and intravital microscopy parameters, representing reduced inflammation in the bladder. This study demonstrates the utility of beta-caryophyllene as a new adjunct therapy for the management of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayle Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Cassidy Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hannah White
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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12
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Karreman MA, Bauer AT, Solecki G, Berghoff AS, Mayer CD, Frey K, Hebach N, Feinauer MJ, Schieber NL, Tehranian C, Mercier L, Singhal M, Venkataramani V, Schubert MC, Hinze D, Hölzel M, Helfrich I, Schadendorf D, Schneider SW, Westphal D, Augustin HG, Goetz JG, Schwab Y, Wick W, Winkler F. Active Remodeling of Capillary Endothelium via Cancer Cell-Derived MMP9 Promotes Metastatic Brain Colonization. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1299-1314. [PMID: 36652557 PMCID: PMC7614438 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Crossing the blood-brain barrier is a crucial, rate-limiting step of brain metastasis. Understanding of the mechanisms of cancer cell extravasation from brain microcapillaries is limited as the underlying cellular and molecular processes cannot be adequately investigated using in vitro models and endpoint in vivo experiments. Using ultrastructural and functional imaging, we demonstrate that dynamic changes of activated brain microcapillaries promote the mandatory first steps of brain colonization. Successful extravasation of arrested cancer cells occurred when adjacent capillary endothelial cells (EC) entered into a distinct remodeling process. After extravasation, capillary loops were formed, which was characteristic of aggressive metastatic growth. Upon cancer cell arrest in brain microcapillaries, matrix-metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) was expressed. Inhibition of MMP2/9 and genetic perturbation of MMP9 in cancer cells, but not the host, reduced EC projections, extravasation, and brain metastasis outgrowth. These findings establish an active role of ECs in the process of cancer cell extravasation, facilitated by cross-talk between the two cell types. This extends our understanding of how host cells can contribute to brain metastasis formation and how to prevent it. SIGNIFICANCE Tracking single extravasating cancer cells using multimodal correlative microscopy uncovers a brain seeding mechanism involving endothelial remodeling driven by cancer cell-derived MMP9, which might enable the development of approaches to prevent brain metastasis. See related commentary by McCarty, p. 1167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthia A. Karreman
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology
Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander T. Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center
Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Business Unit Service and Customer Care, Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH,
Jena, Germany
| | - Anna S. Berghoff
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University
of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chanté D. Mayer
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Frey
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Hebach
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel J. Feinauer
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole L. Schieber
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology
Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalyses, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cedric Tehranian
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luc Mercier
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)
UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Université de Strasbourg,
Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS),
Strasbourg, France
| | - Mahak Singhal
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim,
Heidelberg University, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer
Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and
Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc C. Schubert
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and
Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hinze
- LAMPseq Diagnostics GmbH, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn,
University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn,
University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty,
West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of the
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty,
West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan W. Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center
Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dana Westphal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital
Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim,
Heidelberg University, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer
Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany
| | - Jacky G. Goetz
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)
UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Université de Strasbourg,
Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS),
Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology
Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology
Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Fang V, Haynes ME, Hayashi V, Arias E, Lavine JA, Sullivan DP, Muller WA. Methods for Imaging Inflammation and Transendothelial Migration in Vivo and ex Vivo. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e739. [PMID: 37078364 PMCID: PMC10309184 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's response to injury and harmful stimuli and contributes to a range of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Inflammation occurs through a series of well-defined leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, including rolling, activation, adhesion, transmigration, and subsequent migration through the extracellular matrix. Being able to visualize the stages of inflammation is important for a better understanding of its role in diseases processes. Detailed in this article are protocols for imaging immune cell infiltration and transendothelial migration in vascular tissue beds, including those in the mouse ear, cremaster muscle, brain, lung, and retina. Also described are protocols for inducing inflammation and quantifying leukocytes with FIJI imaging software. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Induction of croton oil dermatitis Alternate Protocol 1: Induction of croton oil dermatitis using genetically fluorescent mice Basic Protocol 2: Intravital microscopy of the mouse cremaster muscle Support Protocol: Making a silicone stage Basic Protocol 3: Wide-field microscopy of the mouse brain Basic Protocol 4: Imaging the lungs (ex vivo) Alternate Protocol 2: Inflating the lungs without tracheostomy Basic Protocol 5: Inducing, imaging, and quantifying infiltration of leukocytes in mouse retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maureen E Haynes
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vanessa Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erika Arias
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeremy A Lavine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David P Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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14
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Takano T, Yule DI. Ca 2+ signals in pancreatic acinar cells in response to physiological stimulation in vivo. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36965132 DOI: 10.1113/jp284469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The exocrine pancreas secretes fluid and digestive enzymes in response to parasympathetic release of acetylcholine (ACh) via the vagus nerve and the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). Both secretion of fluid and exocytosis of secretory granules containing enzymes and zymogens are dependent on an increase in the cytosolic [Ca2+ ] in acinar cells. It is thought that the specific spatiotemporal characteristics of the Ca2+ signals are fundamental for appropriate secretion and that these properties are disrupted in disease states in the pancreas. While extensive research has been performed to characterize Ca2+ signalling in acinar cells, this has exclusively been achieved in ex vivo preparations of exocrine cells, where it is difficult to mimic physiological conditions. Here we have developed a method to optically observe pancreatic acinar Ca2+ signals in vivo using a genetically expressed Ca2+ indicator and imaged with multi-photon microscopy in live animals. In vivo, acinar cells exhibited baseline activity in fasted animals, which was dependent on CCK1 receptors (CCK1Rs). Both stimulation of intrinsic nervous input and administration of systemic CCK induced oscillatory activity in a proportion of the cells, but the maximum frequencies were vastly different. Upon feeding, oscillatory activity was also observed, which was dependent on CCK1Rs. No evidence of a vago-vagal reflex mediating the effects of CCK was observed. Our in vivo method revealed the spatial and temporal profile of physiologically evoked Ca2+ signals, which will provide new insights into future studies of the mechanisms underlying exocrine physiology and that are disrupted in pathological conditions. KEY POINTS: In the exocrine pancreas, the spatiotemporal properties of Ca2+ signals are fundamentally important for the appropriate stimulation of secretion by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and gut hormone cholecystokinin. These characteristics were previously defined in ex vivo studies. Here we report the spatiotemporal characteristics of Ca2+ signals in vivo in response to physiological stimulation in a mouse engineered to express a Ca2+ indicator in acinar cells. Specific Ca2+ 'signatures' probably important for stimulating secretion are evoked in vivo in fasted animals, by feeding, neural stimulation and cholecystokinin administration. The Ca2+ signals are probably the result of the direct action of ACh and CCK on acinar cells and not indirectly through a vago-vagal reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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15
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Morgner J, Bornes L, Hahn K, López-Iglesias C, Kroese L, Pritchard CEJ, Vennin C, Peters PJ, Huijbers I, van Rheenen J. A Lamb1Dendra2 mouse model identifies basement-membrane-producing origins and dynamics in PyMT breast tumors. Dev Cell 2023; 58:535-549.e5. [PMID: 36905927 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) around tumor lobes forms a barrier to prevent cancer cells from invading the surrounding tissue. Although myoepithelial cells are key producers of the healthy mammary epithelium BM, they are nearly absent in mammary tumors. To study the origin and dynamics of the BM, we developed and imaged a laminin beta1-Dendra2 mouse model. We show that the turnover of laminin beta1 is faster in the BMs that surround the tumor lobes than in the BMs that surround the healthy epithelium. Moreover, we find that epithelial cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating endothelial cells synthesize laminin beta1 and that this production is temporarily and locally heterogeneous, leading to local discontinuity of the BM laminin beta1. Collectively, our data draw a new paradigm for tumor BM turnover in which the disassembly happens at a constant rate, and a local misbalance of compensating production leads to reduction or even complete disappearance of the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Morgner
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura Bornes
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Lona Kroese
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Colin E J Pritchard
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Vennin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo Huijbers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands.
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Wei G, Zhang S, Yu S, Lu W. Intravital Microscopy Reveals Endothelial Transcytosis Contributing to Significant Tumor Accumulation of Albumin Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15. [PMID: 36839841 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The principle of enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has been used to design anti-cancer nanomedicines over decades. However, it is being challenged due to the poor clinical outcome of nanoparticles and controversial physiological foundation. Herein, we use a near-infrared-II (1000-1700 nm, NIR-II) fluorescence probe BPBBT to investigate the pathway for the entry of human serum albumin-bound nanoparticles (BPBBT-HSA NPs) into tumor compared with BPBBT micelles with phospholipid-poly (ethylene glycol) of the similar particle size about 110 nm. The plasma elimination half-life of BPBBT micelles was 2.8-fold of that of BPBBT-HSA NPs. However, the area under the BPBBT concentration in tumor-time curve to 48 h post-injection (AUCtumor0→48h) of BPBBT-HSA NPs was 7.2-fold of that of BPBBT micelles. The intravital NIR-II fluorescence microscopy revealed that BPBBT-HSA NPs but not BPBBT micelles were transported from the tumor vasculature into tumor parenchyma with high efficiency, and endocytosed by the tumor cells within 3 h post-injection in vivo. This effect was blocked by cross-linking BPBBT-HSA NPs to denature HSA, resulting in the AUCtumor0→48h decreased to 22% of that of BPBBT-HSA NPs. Our results demonstrated that the active process of endothelial transcytosis is the dominant pathway for albumin-bound nanoparticles' entry into tumor.
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Vaghela R, Arkudas A, Gage D, Körner C, von Hörsten S, Salehi S, Horch RE, Hessenauer M. A Novel Window into Angiogenesis- Intravital Microscopy in the AV-Loop-Model. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36672196 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitations of current in vivo experimental designs, our comprehensive knowledge of vascular development and its implications for the development of large-scale engineered tissue constructs is very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop unique in vivo imaging chambers that allow the live visualization of cellular processes in the arteriovenous (AV) loop model in rats. We have developed two different types of chambers. Chamber A is installed in the skin using the purse sting fixing method, while chamber B is installed subcutaneously under the skin. Both chambers are filled with modified gelatin hydrogel as a matrix. Intravital microscopy (IVM) was performed after the injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran and rhodamine 6G dye. The AV loop was functional for two weeks in chamber A and allowed visualization of the leukocyte trafficking. In chamber B, microvascular development in the AV loop could be examined for 21 days. Quantification of the microvascular outgrowth was performed using Fiji-ImageJ. Overall, by combining these two IVM chambers, we can comprehensively understand vascular development in the AV loop tissue engineering model¯.
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18
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Zhang Y, Huber P, Praetner M, Zöllner A, Holdt L, Khandoga A, Lerchenberger M. Serine proteases mediate leukocyte recruitment and hepatic microvascular injury in the acute phase following extended hepatectomy. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12796. [PMID: 36577737 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the main limitation of extended liver resection. The molecular mechanism and the role of leukocytes in the development of PHLF remain to be unveiled. We aimed to address the impact of serine proteases (SPs) on the acute phase after liver resection by intravitally analyzing leukocyte recruitment and changes in hemodynamics and microcirculation of the liver. METHODS C57BL/6 mice undergoing 60% partial hepatectomy were treated with aprotinin (broad-spectrum SP inhibitor), tranexamic acid (plasmin inhibitor), or vehicle. Sham-operated animals served as controls. In vivo fluorescence microscopy was used to quantify leukocyte-endothelial interactions immediately after, as well as 120 min after partial hepatectomy in postsinusoidal venules, along with measurement of sinusoidal perfusion rate and postsinusoidal shear rate. Recruitment of leukocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and parameters of liver injury were assessed in tissue/blood samples. RESULTS Leukocyte recruitment, sinusoidal perfusion failure rate, and shear rate were significantly increased in mice after 60% partial hepatectomy compared to sham-operated animals. The inhibition of SPs or plasmin significantly attenuated leukocyte recruitment and improved the perfusion rate in the remnant liver. ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil recruitment significantly increased after 60% partial hepatectomy and were strongly reduced by plasmin inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment in the liver in response to the increment of sinusoidal shear rate were hallmarks in the acute phase after liver resection. SPs mediated leukocyte recruitment and contributed to the impairment of sinusoidal perfusion in an ICAM-1-dependent manner in the acute phase after liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Zhang
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Praetner
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alice Zöllner
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, LMU University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrej Khandoga
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, LMU University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lerchenberger
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, LMU University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
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19
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Erreni M, D'Autilia F, Avigni R, Bolli E, Arnouk SM, Movahedi K, Debie P, Anselmo A, Parente R, Vincke C, van Leeuwen FW, Allavena P, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Doni A, Hernot S, Van Ginderachter JA. Size-advantage of monovalent nanobodies against the macrophage mannose receptor for deep tumor penetration and tumor-associated macrophage targeting. Theranostics 2023; 13:355-373. [PMID: 36593955 PMCID: PMC9800720 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Nanobodies (Nbs) have emerged as an elegant alternative to the use of conventional monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy, but a detailed microscopic insight into the in vivo pharmacokinetics of different Nb formats in tumor-bearers is lacking. This is especially relevant for the recognition and targeting of pro-tumoral tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which may be located in less penetrable tumor regions. Methods: We employed anti-Macrophage Mannose Receptor (MMR) Nbs, in a monovalent (m) or bivalent (biv) format, to assess in vivo TAM targeting. Intravital and confocal microscopy were used to analyse the blood clearance rate and targeting kinetics of anti-MMR Nbs in tumor tissue, healthy muscle tissue and liver. Fluorescence Molecular Tomography was applied to confirm anti-MMR Nb accumulation in the primary tumor and in metastatic lesions. Results: Intravital microscopy demonstrated significant differences in the blood clearance rate and macrophage targeting kinetics of (m) and (biv)anti-MMR Nbs, both in tumoral and extra-tumoral tissue. Importantly, (m)anti-MMR Nbs are superior in reaching tissue macrophages, an advantage that is especially prominent in tumor tissue. The administration of a molar excess of unlabelled (biv)anti-MMR Nbs increased the (m)anti-MMR Nb bioavailability and impacted on its macrophage targeting kinetics, preventing their accumulation in extra-tumoral tissue (especially in the liver) but only partially influencing their interaction with TAMs. Finally, anti-MMR Nb administration not only allowed the visualization of TAMs in primary tumors, but also at a distant metastatic site. Conclusions: These data describe, for the first time, a microscopic analysis of (m) and (biv)anti-MMR Nb pharmacokinetics in tumor and healthy tissues. The concepts proposed in this study provide important knowledge for the future use of Nbs as diagnostic and therapeutic agents, especially for the targeting of tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Erreni
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,✉ Corresponding authors: Marco Erreni, ; Jo A. Van Ginderachter,
| | - Francesca D'Autilia
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Avigni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Evangelia Bolli
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels).,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sana M. Arnouk
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels).,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels).,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieterjan Debie
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY/MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels)
| | - Achille Anselmo
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Parente
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels).,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA Leiden
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Andrea Doni
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY/MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels)
| | - Jo A. Van Ginderachter
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels).,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,✉ Corresponding authors: Marco Erreni, ; Jo A. Van Ginderachter,
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20
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Rossi B, Dusi S, Angelini G, Bani A, Lopez N, Della Bianca V, Pietronigro EC, Zenaro E, Zocco C, Constantin G. Alpha4 beta7 integrin controls Th17 cell trafficking in the spinal cord leptomeninges during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1071553. [PMID: 37143680 PMCID: PMC10151683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Th1 and Th17 cell migration into the central nervous system (CNS) is a fundamental process in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Particularly, leptomeningeal vessels of the subarachnoid space (SAS) constitute a central route for T cell entry into the CNS during EAE. Once migrated into the SAS, T cells show an active motility behavior, which is a prerequisite for cell-cell communication, in situ reactivation and neuroinflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms selectively controlling Th1 and Th17 cell trafficking in the inflamed leptomeninges are not well understood. By using epifluorescence intravital microscopy, we obtained results showing that myelin-specific Th1 and Th17 cells have different intravascular adhesion capacity depending on the disease phase, with Th17 cells being more adhesive at disease peak. Inhibition of αLβ2 integrin selectively blocked Th1 cell adhesion, but had no effect on Th17 rolling and arrest capacity during all disease phases, suggesting that distinct adhesion mechanisms control the migration of key T cell populations involved in EAE induction. Blockade of α4 integrins affected myelin-specific Th1 cell rolling and arrest, but only selectively altered intravascular arrest of Th17 cells. Notably, selective α4β7 integrin blockade inhibited Th17 cell arrest without interfering with intravascular Th1 cell adhesion, suggesting that α4β7 integrin is predominantly involved in Th17 cell migration into the inflamed leptomeninges in EAE mice. Two-photon microscopy experiments showed that blockade of α4 integrin chain or α4β7 integrin selectively inhibited the locomotion of extravasated antigen-specific Th17 cells in the SAS, but had no effect on Th1 cell intratissue dynamics, further pointing to α4β7 integrin as key molecule in Th17 cell trafficking during EAE development. Finally, therapeutic inhibition of α4β7 integrin at disease onset by intrathecal injection of a blocking antibody attenuated clinical severity and reduced neuroinflammation, further demonstrating a crucial role for α4β7 integrin in driving Th17 cell-mediated disease pathogenesis. Altogether, our data suggest that a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling myelin-specific Th1 and Th17 cell trafficking during EAE delevopment may help to identify new therapeutic strategies for CNS inflammatory and demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Barbara Rossi, ; Gabriela Constantin,
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zocco
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Barbara Rossi, ; Gabriela Constantin,
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21
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Abstract
In this series of papers on light microscopy imaging, we have covered the fundamentals of microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and lightsheet microscopy. This last review covers multi-photon microscopy with a brief reference to intravital imaging and Brainbow labeling. Multi-photon microscopy is often referred to as two-photon microscopy. Indeed, using two-photon microscopy is by far the most common way of imaging thick tissues; however, it is theoretically possible to use a higher number of photons, and three-photon microscopy is possible. Therefore, this review is titled "multi-photon microscopy." Another term for describing multi-photon microscopy is "non-linear" microscopy because fluorescence intensity at the focal spot depends upon the average squared intensity rather than the squared average intensity; hence, non-linear optics (NLO) is an alternative name for multi-photon microscopy. It is this non-linear relationship (or third exponential power in the case of three-photon excitation) that determines the axial optical sectioning capability of multi-photon imaging. In this paper, the necessity for two-photon or multi-photon imaging is explained, and the method of optical sectioning by multi-photon microscopy is described. Advice is also given on what fluorescent markers to use and other practical aspects of imaging thick tissues. The technique of Brainbow imaging is discussed. The review concludes with a description of intravital imaging of the mouse. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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22
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Hall S, Faridi S, Trivedi P, Sultana S, Ray B, Myers T, Euodia I, Vlatten D, Castonguay M, Zhou J, Kelly M, Lehmann C. Selective CB 2 Receptor Agonist, HU-308, Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Endotoxin Model of Pneumonia-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415857. [PMID: 36555499 PMCID: PMC9779896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis are risk factors contributing to mortality in patients with pneumonia. In ARDS, also termed acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary immune responses lead to excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and aberrant alveolar neutrophil infiltration. Systemic spread of cytokines is associated with systemic complications including sepsis, multi-organ failure, and death. Thus, dampening pro-inflammatory cytokine release is a viable strategy to improve outcome. Activation of cannabinoid type II receptor (CB2) has been shown to reduce cytokine release in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Herein, we investigated the effect of HU-308, a specific CB2 agonist, on systemic and pulmonary inflammation in a model of pneumonia-induced ALI. C57Bl/6 mice received intranasal endotoxin or saline, followed by intravenous HU-308, dexamethasone, or vehicle. ALI was scored by histology and plasma levels of select inflammatory mediators were assessed by Luminex assay. Intravital microscopy (IVM) was performed to assess leukocyte adhesion and capillary perfusion in intestinal and pulmonary microcirculation. HU-308 and dexamethasone attenuated LPS-induced cytokine release and intestinal microcirculatory impairment. HU-308 modestly reduced ALI score, while dexamethasone abolished it. These results suggest administration of HU-308 can reduce systemic inflammation without suppressing pulmonary immune response in pneumonia-induced ALI and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sufyan Faridi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Saki Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Bithika Ray
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tanya Myers
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Irene Euodia
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Vlatten
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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23
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Hossainian D, Shao E, Jiao B, Ilin VA, Parris RS, Zhou Y, Bai Q, Burton EA. Quantification of functional recovery in a larval zebrafish model of spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2044-2054. [PMID: 35986577 PMCID: PMC10695274 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Human spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by permanent loss of damaged axons, resulting in chronic disability. In contrast, zebrafish can regenerate axonal projections following central nervous system injury and re-establish synaptic contacts with distant targets; elucidation of the underlying molecular events is an important goal with translational potential for improving outcomes in SCI patients. We generated transgenic zebrafish with GFP-labeled axons and transected their spinal cords at 10 days post-fertilization. Intravital confocal microscopy revealed robust axonal regeneration following the procedure, with abundant axons bridging the transection site by 48 h post-injury. In order to analyze neurological function in this model, we developed and validated new open-source software to measure zebrafish lateral trunk curvature during propulsive and turning movements at high temporal resolution. Immediately following spinal cord transection, axial movements were dramatically decreased caudal to the lesion site, but preserved rostral to the injury, suggesting the induction of motor paralysis below the transection level. Over the subsequent 96 h, the magnitude of movements caudal to the lesion recovered to baseline, but the rate of change of truncal curvature did not fully recover, suggesting incomplete restoration of caudal strength over this time course. Quantification of both morphological and functional recovery following SCI will be important for the analysis of axonal regeneration and downstream events necessary for restoration of motor function. An extensive array of genetic and pharmacological interventions can be deployed in the larval zebrafish model to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Hossainian
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Enhua Shao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Tsinghua University Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Binxuan Jiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Tsinghua University Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Vladimir A. Ilin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ritika S. Parris
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yangzhong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Tsinghua University Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Bai
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Edward A. Burton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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24
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Azcutia V, Kelm M, Kim S, Luissint AC, Flemming S, Abernathy-Close L, Young VB, Nusrat A, Miller MJ, Parkos CA. Distinct stimulus-dependent neutrophil dynamics revealed by real-time imaging of intestinal mucosa after acute injury. PNAS Nexus 2022; 1:pgac249. [PMID: 36712325 PMCID: PMC9802210 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Clinical symptoms in many inflammatory diseases of the intestine are directly related to neutrophil (PMN) migration across colonic mucosa and into the intestinal lumen, yet in-vivo studies detailing this process are lacking. Using real-time intravital microscopy and a new distal colon loop model, we report distinct PMN migratory dynamics in response to several models of acute colonic injury. PMNs exhibited rapid swarming responses after mechanically induced intestinal wounds. Similar numbers of PMNs infiltrated colonic mucosa after wounding in germ-free mice, suggesting microbiota-independent mechanisms. By contrast, acute mucosal injury secondary to either a treatment of mice with dextran sodium sulfate or an IL-10 receptor blockade model of colitis resulted in lamina propria infiltration with PMNs that were largely immotile. Biopsy wounding of colonic mucosa in DSS-treated mice did not result in enhanced PMN swarming however, intraluminal application of the neutrophil chemoattractant LTB4 under such conditions resulted in enhanced transepithelial migration of PMNs. Analyses of PMNs that had migrated into the colonic lumen revealed that the majority of PMNs were directly recruited from the circulation and not from the immotile pool in the mucosa. Decreased PMN motility parallels upregulation of the receptor CXCR4 and apoptosis. Similarly, increased expression of CXCR4 on human PMNs was observed in colonic biopsies from people with active ulcerative colitis. This new approach adds an important tool to investigate mechanisms regulating PMN migration across mucosa within the distal intestine and will provide new insights for developing future anti-inflammatory and pro-repair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Kelm
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seonyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Sven Flemming
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lisa Abernathy-Close
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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25
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Fuchs A, Dederichs J, Arjune S, Todorova P, Wöstmann F, Antczak P, Illerhaus A, Gathof B, Grundmann F, Müller RU, Annecke T. Microvascular perfusion, perfused boundary region and glycocalyx shedding in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: results from the GlycoScore III study. Clin Kidney J 2022; 16:384-393. [PMID: 36755834 PMCID: PMC9900573 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular abnormalities and endothelial dysfunction are part of the spectrum of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The mechanisms behind these manifestations, including potential effects on the endothelial surface layer (ESL) and glycocalyx integrity, remain unknown. Methods Forty-five ambulatory adult patients with ADPKD were enrolled in this prospective, observational, cross-sectional, single-centre study. Fifty-one healthy volunteers served as a control group. All participants underwent real-time microvascular perfusion measurements of the sublingual microcirculation using sidestream dark field imaging. After image acquisition, the perfused boundary region (PBR), an inverse parameter for red blood cell (RBC) penetration into the ESL, was automatically calculated. Microvascular perfusion was assessed by RBC filling and capillary density. Concentrations of circulating glycocalyx components were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results ADPKD patients showed a significantly larger PBR compared with healthy controls (2.09 ± 0.23 µm versus 1.79 ± 0.25 µm; P < .001). This was accompanied by significantly lower RBC filling (70.4 ± 5.0% versus 77.9 ± 5.4%; P < .001) as well as a higher valid capillary density {318/mm2 [interquartile range (IQR) 269-380] versus 273/mm2 [230-327]; P = .007}. Significantly higher plasma concentrations of heparan sulphate (1625 ± 807 ng/ml versus 1329 ± 316 ng/ml; P = .034), hyaluronan (111 ng/ml [IQR 79-132] versus 92 ng/ml [82-98]; P = .042) and syndecan-1 were noted in ADPKD patients compared with healthy controls (35 ng/ml [IQR 27-57] versus 29 ng/ml [23-42]; P = .035). Conclusions Dimensions and integrity of the ESL are impaired in ADPKD patients. Increased capillary density may be a compensatory mechanism for vascular dysfunction to ensure sufficient tissue perfusion and oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fuchs
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dederichs
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sita Arjune
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Polina Todorova
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Wöstmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Antczak
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Illerhaus
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Dermatology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Gathof
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Human islet transplantations into rodent models are an essential tool to aid in the development and testing of islet and cellular-based therapies for diabetes prevention and treatment. Through the ability to evaluate human islets in an in vivo setting, these studies allow for experimental approaches to answer questions surrounding normal and disease pathophysiology that cannot be answered using other in vitro and in vivo techniques alone. Intravital microscopy enables imaging of tissues in living organisms with dynamic temporal resolution and can be employed to measure biological processes in transplanted human islets revealing how experimental variables can influence engraftment, and transplant survival and function. A key consideration in experimental design for transplant imaging is the surgical placement site, which is guided by the presence of vasculature to aid in functional engraftment of the islets and promote their survival. Here, we review transplantation sites and mouse models used to study beta cell biology in vivo using intravital microscopy and we highlight fundamental observations made possible using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Olha Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bryce E. Duffett
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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27
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Ko J, Lucas K, Kohler R, Halabi EA, Wilkovitsch M, Carlson JCT, Weissleder R. In Vivo Click Chemistry Enables Multiplexed Intravital Microscopy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200064. [PMID: 35750648 PMCID: PMC9405492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to observe cells in live organisms is essential for understanding their function in complex in vivo milieus. A major challenge today has been the limited ability to perform higher multiplexing beyond four to six colors to define cell subtypes in vivo. Here, a click chemistry-based strategy is presented for higher multiplexed in vivo imaging in mouse models. The method uses a scission-accelerated fluorophore exchange (SAFE), which exploits a highly efficient bioorthogonal mechanism to completely remove fluorescent signal from antibody-labeled cells in vivo. It is shown that the SAFE-intravital microscopy imaging method allows 1) in vivo staining of specific cell types in dorsal and cranial window chambers of mice, 2) complete un-staining in minutes, 3) in vivo click chemistries at lower (µm) and thus non-toxic concentrations, and 4) the ability to perform in vivo cyclic imaging. The potential utility of the method is demonstrated by 12 color imaging of immune cells in live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Kilean Lucas
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Rainer Kohler
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Elias A. Halabi
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Martin Wilkovitsch
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
- Department of Systems BiologyHarvard Medical School200 Longwood AveBostonMA02115USA
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28
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Vaghela R, Arkudas A, Gage D, Körner C, von Hörsten S, Salehi S, Horch RE, Hessenauer M. Microvascular development in the rat arteriovenous loop model in vivo-A step by step intravital microscopy analysis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1551-1563. [PMID: 35484827 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The arteriovenous (AV) loop model is a key technique to solve one of the major problems of tissue engineering-providing adequate vascular support for a tissue construct of significant size. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascularization and factors influencing the generation of new tissue in the AV loop are still poorly understood. We previously established a novel intravital microscopy approach to study these events. In this study, we implanted our observation chamber filled with two types of hydrogels such as fibrin and methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) and performed intravital microscopy (IVM) on days 7, 14, and 21. Initial microvessel formation was observed in GelMA on day 14, while the vessel network showed clear indicators of network rearrangement and maturation on day 21. No visible microvessels were observed in fibrin. The chambers were explanted on day 21. Histological examination revealed higher numbers of microvessels in GelMA compared to fibrin, while the AV loop was thrombosed in all fibrin constructs, possibly due to matrix degradation. GelMA proved to be an ideal matrix for IVM studies in the AV loop model due to its slow degradation and transparency. This IVM model can be employed as a novel tool for live and thus faster comprehension of crucial events in the tissue regeneration process, which can improve tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Vaghela
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Gage
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering for Metals, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Körner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering for Metals, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen and Preclinical Experimental Animal Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hessenauer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Goeritzer M, Schlager S, Kuentzel KB, Vujić N, Korbelius M, Rainer S, Kolb D, Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Schrottmaier WC, Assinger A, Schlagenhauf A, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Blass S, Eichmann TO, Graier WF, Kratky D. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Deficiency Attenuates In Vitro Thrombus Formation without Affecting Platelet Activation and Bleeding In Vivo. Cells 2022; 11:850. [PMID: 35269472 PMCID: PMC8908992 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to genome-wide RNA sequencing data from human and mouse platelets, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the main lipase catalyzing triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis in cytosolic lipid droplets (LD) at neutral pH, is expressed in platelets. Currently, it is elusive to whether common lipolytic enzymes are involved in the degradation of TG in platelets. Since the consequences of ATGL deficiency in platelets are unknown, we used whole-body and platelet-specific (plat)Atgl-deficient (-/-) mice to investigate the loss of ATGL on platelet function. Our results showed that platelets accumulate only a few LD due to lack of ATGL. Stimulation with platelet-activating agonists resulted in comparable platelet activation in Atgl-/-, platAtgl-/-, and wild-type mice. Measurement of mitochondrial respiration revealed a decreased oxygen consumption rate in platelets from Atgl-/- but not from platAtgl-/- mice. Of note, global loss of ATGL was associated with an anti-thrombogenic phenotype, which was evident by reduced thrombus formation in collagen-coated channels in vitro despite unchanged bleeding and occlusion times in vivo. We conclude that genetic deletion of ATGL affects collagen-induced thrombosis without pathological bleeding and platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Goeritzer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Stefanie Schlager
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
- AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina B. Kuentzel
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Silvia Rainer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Core Facility Ultrastructural Analysis, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Waltraud C. Schrottmaier
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.C.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.C.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Axel Schlagenhauf
- Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Sandra Blass
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Thomas O. Eichmann
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (S.S.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (C.T.M.-S.); (S.B.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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30
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Rindone AN, Grayson WL. Illuminating the Regenerative Microenvironment: Emerging Quantitative Imaging Technologies for Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4610-4612. [PMID: 35157425 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has the potential to revolutionize treatments for patients suffering from critical-sized craniofacial bone defects, but it has yet to make a substantial impact in clinical practice. One of the barriers to improving the design of tissue-engineered bone grafts (TEBGs) is the lack of adequate techniques to study how transplanted cells, host cells, and biomaterials interact to facilitate the dynamic healing process. In this perspective, we discuss recent advances in quantitative imaging that may be adapted to provide high spatiotemporal resolution of the 3D tissue microenvironment during cranial bone regeneration. The adoption and application of these imaging technologies will provide a more rigorous framework for evaluating TEBG performance and enable the development of next-generation TEBGs for craniofacial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Rindone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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31
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Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate calcium release from calcium stores and have been implicated in axonal degeneration. Here, we use an intravital imaging approach to determine axonal fate after spinal cord injury (SCI) in real-time and assess the efficacy of ryanodine receptor inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach to prevent intra-axonal calcium-mediated axonal degeneration. Adult 6-8 week old Thy1YFP transgenic mice that express YFP in axons, as well as triple transgenic Avil-Cre:Ai9:Ai95 mice that express the genetically-encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f in tdTomato positive axons, were used to visualize axons and calcium changes in axons, respectively. Mice received a mild SCI at the T12 level of the spinal cord. Ryanodine, a RyR antagonist, was given at a concentration of 50 μM intrathecally within 15 min of SCI or delayed 3 h after injury and compared with vehicle-treated mice. RyR inhibition within 15 min of SCI significantly reduced axonal spheroid formation from 1 h to 24 h after SCI and increased axonal survival compared with vehicle controls. Delayed ryanodine treatment increased axonal survival and reduced intra-axonal calcium levels at 24 h after SCI but had no effect on axonal spheroid formation. Together, our results support a role for RyR in secondary axonal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C. Orem
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Arezoo Rajaee
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David P. Stirling
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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32
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Liu YH, Brunner LM, Rebling J, Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Werner S, Detmar M, Razansky D. Non-invasive longitudinal imaging of VEGF-induced microvascular alterations in skin wounds. Theranostics 2022; 12:558-573. [PMID: 34976201 PMCID: PMC8692907 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microcirculation is essential for skin homeostasis and repair. A variety of growth factors have been identified as important regulators of wound healing. However, direct observation and longitudinal monitoring of skin remodeling in an unperturbed in vivo environment remains challenging. Methods: We report on non-invasive longitudinal imaging of the wound healing process in transgenic mice overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in keratinocytes by means of large-scale optoacoustic microscopy (LSOM). This rapid, label-free, high throughput intravital microscopy method averts the use of dorsal skin-fold chambers, allowing for fully non-invasive repeated imaging of intact wounds with capillary resolution over field-of-view spanning several centimeters. Results: We observed VEGF-driven enhancement of dermal vascularization in ears, dorsal skin and healing wounds and quantified the hemoglobin content, fill fraction, vessel diameter and tortuosity. The in vivo findings were further corroborated by detailed side-by-side classical histological whole-mount vascular stainings and pan-endothelial CD31 immunofluorescence. Conclusion: The new approach is suitable for supplementing or replacing the cumbersome histological procedures in a broad range of skin regeneration and tissue engineering applications.
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33
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Taghdiri N, Calcagno DM, Fu Z, Huang K, Kohler RH, Weissleder R, Coleman TP, King KR. Macrophage calcium reporter mice reveal immune cell communication in vitro and in vivo. Cell Rep Methods 2021; 1:100132. [PMID: 35079727 PMCID: PMC8786215 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell communication underlies emergent functions in diverse cell types and tissues. Recent evidence suggests that macrophages are organized in communicating networks, but new tools are needed to quantitatively characterize the resulting cellular conversations. Here, we infer cell communication from spatiotemporal correlations of intracellular calcium dynamics that are non-destructively imaged across cell populations expressing genetically encoded calcium indicators. We describe a hematopoietic calcium reporter mouse (Csf1rCreGCaMP5fl) and a computational analysis pipeline for inferring communication between reporter cells based on "excess synchrony." We observed signals suggestive of cell communication in macrophages treated with immune-stimulatory DNA in vitro and tumor-associated immune cells imaged in a dorsal window chamber model in vivo. Together, the methods described here expand the toolkit for discovery of cell communication events in macrophages and other immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Taghdiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0412, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David M. Calcagno
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0412, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhenxing Fu
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Huang
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rainer H. Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd P. Coleman
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0412, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin R. King
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0412, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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34
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Dunn KW. Digital Image Analysis Tools Developed by the Indiana O'Brien Center. Front Physiol 2021; 12:812170. [PMID: 34975549 PMCID: PMC8716822 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The scale and complexity of images collected in biological microscopy have grown enormously over the past 30 years. The development and commercialization of multiphoton microscopy has promoted a renaissance of intravital microscopy, providing a window into cell biology in vivo. New methods of optical sectioning and tissue clearing now enable biologists to characterize entire organs at subcellular resolution. New methods of multiplexed imaging support simultaneous localization of forty or more probes at a time. Exploiting these exciting new techniques has increasingly required biomedical researchers to master procedures of image analysis that were once the specialized province of imaging experts. A primary goal of the Indiana O'Brien Center has been to develop robust and accessible image analysis tools for biomedical researchers. Here we describe biomedical image analysis software developed by the Indiana O'Brien Center over the past 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W. Dunn
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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35
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Kalia N. A historical review of experimental imaging of the beating heart coronary microcirculation in vivo. J Anat 2021; 242:3-16. [PMID: 34905637 PMCID: PMC9773169 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a myocardial infarction (MI), the prognosis of patients is highly dependent upon the re-establishment of perfusion not only in the occluded coronary artery, but also within the coronary microcirculation. However, our fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology of the tiniest blood vessels of the heart is limited primarily because no current clinical imaging tools can directly visualise them. Moreover, in vivo experimental studies of the beating heart using intravital imaging have also been hampered due to obvious difficulties related to significant inherent contractile motion, movement of the heart brought about by nearby lungs and its location in an anatomically challenging position for microscopy. However, recent advances in microscopy techniques, and the development of fluorescent reporter mice and fluorescently conjugated antibodies allowing visualisation of vascular structures, thromboinflammatory cells and blood flow, have allowed us to overcome some of these challenges and increase our basic understanding of cardiac microvascular pathophysiology. In this review, the elegant attempts of the pioneers in intravital imaging of the beating heart will be discussed, which focussed on providing new insights into the anatomy and physiology of the healthy heart microvessels. The reviews end with the more recent studies that focussed on disease pathology and increasing our understanding of myocardial thromboinflammatory cell recruitment and flow disturbances, particularly in the setting of diseases such as MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research GroupInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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36
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Neupane AS, Kubes P. Imaging reveals novel innate immune responses in lung, liver, and beyond. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:244-257. [PMID: 34816440 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Highly dynamic immune responses are generated toward pathogens or injuries, in vivo. Multiple immune cell types participate in various facets of the response which leads to a concerted effort in the removal and clearance of pathogens or injured tissue and a return to homeostasis. Intravital microscopy (IVM) has been extensively utilized to unravel the dynamics of immune responses, visualizing immune cell behavior in intact living tissues, within a living organism. For instance, the phenomenon of leukocyte recruitment cascade. Importantly, IVM has led to a deep appreciation that immune cell behavior and responses in individual organs are distinct, but also can influence one another. In this review, we discuss how IVM as a tool has been used to study the innate immune responses in various tissues during homeostasis, injury, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Sharma Neupane
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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37
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Golden GJ, Toledo AG, Marki A, Sorrentino JT, Morris C, Riley RJ, Spliid C, Chen Q, Cornax I, Lewis NE, Varki N, Le D, Malmström J, Karlsson C, Ley K, Nizet V, Esko JD. Endothelial Heparan Sulfate Mediates Hepatic Neutrophil Trafficking and Injury during Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis. mBio 2021; 12:e0118121. [PMID: 34544271 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01181-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic failure is an important risk factor for poor outcome in septic patients. Using a chemical tagging workflow and high-resolution mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that rapid proteome remodeling of the vascular surfaces precedes hepatic damage in a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. These early changes include vascular deposition of neutrophil-derived proteins, shedding of vascular receptors, and altered levels of heparin/heparan sulfate-binding factors. Modification of endothelial heparan sulfate, a major component of the vascular glycocalyx, diminishes neutrophil trafficking to the liver and reduces hepatic coagulopathy and organ damage during the systemic inflammatory response to infection. Modifying endothelial heparan sulfate likewise reduces neutrophil trafficking in sterile hepatic injury, reflecting a more general role of heparan sulfate contribution to the modulation of leukocyte behavior during inflammation. IMPORTANCE Vascular glycocalyx remodeling is critical to sepsis pathology, but the glycocalyx components that contribute to this process remain poorly characterized. This article shows that during Staphylococcus aureus sepsis, the liver vascular glycocalyx undergoes dramatic changes in protein composition associated with neutrophilic activity and heparin/heparan sulfate binding, all before organ damage is detectable by standard circulating liver damage markers or histology. Targeted manipulation of endothelial heparan sulfate modulates S. aureus sepsis-induced hepatotoxicity by controlling the magnitude of neutrophilic infiltration into the liver in both nonsterile and sterile injury. These data identify an important vascular glycocalyx component that impacts hepatic failure during nonsterile and sterile injury.
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38
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Changirwa D, Schlechte J, McDonald B. A Multi-Modal Toolkit for Studying Neutrophils in Cancer and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5331. [PMID: 34771495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neutrophils are critical immune cells in host defense and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Studying the complex and diverse functions of these innate immune cells requires a comprehensive toolkit of experimental techniques to elucidate the function and regulation of neutrophils in health and disease. In this review, we discuss key methodologies and their applications in neutrophil research, including in vivo imaging, ex vivo functional assays, and high dimensional single-cell technologies, and how they can be integrated into a multi-modal approach to study neutrophil function in cancer and other diseases. Abstract As key effector cells of the innate immune response, neutrophils are rapidly deployed to sites of inflammation where they deliver a payload of potent effector mechanisms that are essential for host defense against pathogens as well as tissue homeostasis. In addition, neutrophils are central contributors to the pathogenesis of a vast spectrum of inflammatory, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases. As our understanding of neutrophils in health and disease continually expands, so too does our appreciation of their complex and dynamic nature in vivo; from development, maturation, and trafficking to cellular heterogeneity and functional plasticity. Therefore, contemporary neutrophil research relies on multiple complementary methodologies to perform integrated analysis of neutrophil phenotypic heterogeneity, organ- and stimulus-specific trafficking mechanisms, as well as tailored effector functions in vivo. This review discusses established and emerging technologies used to study neutrophils, with a focus on in vivo imaging in animal models, as well as next-generation ex vivo model systems to study mechanisms of neutrophil function. Furthermore, we discuss how high-dimensional single-cell analysis technologies are driving a renaissance in neutrophil biology by redefining our understanding of neutrophil development, heterogeneity, and functional plasticity. Finally, we discuss innovative applications and emerging opportunities to integrate these high-dimensional, multi-modal techniques to deepen our understanding of neutrophils in cancer research and beyond.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a dynamic process that involves expansion of a preexisting vascular network that can occur in a number of physiological and pathological settings. Despite its importance, the origin of the new angiogenic vasculature is poorly defined. In particular, the primary subtype of endothelial cells (capillary, venous, arterial) driving this process remains undefined. METHODS Endothelial cells were fate-mapped with the use of genetic markers specific to arterial and capillary cells. In addition, we identified a novel venous endothelial marker gene (Gm5127) and used it to generate inducible venous endothelium-specific Cre and Dre driver mouse lines. Contributions of these various types of endothelial cells to angiogenesis were examined during normal postnatal development and in disease-specific setting. RESULTS Using a comprehensive set of endothelial subtype-specific inducible reporter mice, including tip, arterial, and venous endothelial reporter lines, we showed that venous endothelial cells are the primary endothelial subtype responsible for the expansion of an angiogenic vascular network. During physiological angiogenesis, venous endothelial cells proliferate, migrating against the blood flow and differentiating into tip, capillary, and arterial endothelial cells of the new vasculature. Using intravital 2-photon imaging, we observed venous endothelial cells migrating against the blood flow to form new blood vessels. Venous endothelial cell migration also plays a key role in pathological angiogenesis. This was observed both in formation of arteriovenous malformations in mice with inducible endothelium-specific Smad4 deletion mice and in pathological vessel growth seen in oxygen-induced retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Our studies establish that venous endothelial cells are the primary endothelial subtype responsible for normal expansion of vascular networks, formation of arteriovenous malformations, and pathological angiogenesis. These observations highlight the central role of the venous endothelium in normal development and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Woo Lee
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (H.-W.L., Y.X., S.-W.J., M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yanying Xu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (H.-W.L., Y.X., S.-W.J., M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (Y.X.)
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.H.)
| | - Woosoung Choi
- School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (W.C., S.-W.J.)
| | - David Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics (D.G.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (H.-W.L., Y.X., S.-W.J., M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (W.C., S.-W.J.)
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (H.-W.L., Y.X., S.-W.J., M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Igarashi K, Cabral H, Hong T, Anraku Y, Mpekris F, Stylianopoulos T, Khan T, Matsumoto A, Kataoka K, Matsumoto Y, Yamasoba T. Vascular Bursts Act as a Versatile Tumor Vessel Permeation Route for Blood-Borne Particles and Cells. Small 2021; 17:e2103751. [PMID: 34528759 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic bursting in tumor vasculature has recently sparked interest as a novel particle transportation route for drug delivery. These bursts facilitate the transport of sub-100 nm nanoparticles into tumors, though their contribution on the access of other blood-borne particles remains unknown. To evaluate the versatility of this phenomenon, the in vivo kinetics of a variety of intravenously injected particles and their penetration in tumor xenografts and allografts are compared. Dextran, polymeric micelles, liposomes, and polymeric vesicles with diameters ranging from 32 to 302 nm are found to colocalize in virtually all vascular bursts. By mathematical modeling, the burst vent size is estimated to be 625 nm or larger, indicating the dynamic and stochastic formation of large permeation routes in tumor vasculature. Furthermore, some burst vents are found to be µm-sized, allowing the transport of 1 µm microspheres. Moreover, antibody drugs and platelets are capable of utilizing vascular burst transportation, demonstrating the application of this phenomenon to other types of therapeutics and cellular components. These findings indicate the vast potential of vascular bursts, extending the biological and therapeutic significance of this phenomenon to a wide range of blood-borne particles and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Igarashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taehun Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Fotios Mpekris
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - Thahomina Khan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-13 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
- Institute of Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 133-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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De Niz M, Brás D, Ouarné M, Pedro M, Nascimento AM, Henao Misikova L, Franco CA, Figueiredo LM. Organotypic endothelial adhesion molecules are key for Trypanosoma brucei tropism and virulence. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109741. [PMID: 34551286 PMCID: PMC8480282 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei is responsible for lethal diseases in humans and cattle in Sub-Saharan Africa. These extracellular parasites extravasate from the blood circulation into several tissues. The importance of the vasculature in tissue tropism is poorly understood. Using intravital imaging and bioluminescence, we observe that gonadal white adipose tissue and pancreas are the two main parasite reservoirs. We show that reservoir establishment happens before vascular permeability is compromised, suggesting that extravasation is an active mechanism. Blocking endothelial surface adhesion molecules (E-selectin, P-selectins, or ICAM2) significantly reduces extravascular parasite density in all organs and delays host lethality. Remarkably, blocking CD36 has a specific effect on adipose tissue tropism that is sufficient to delay lethality, suggesting that establishment of the adipose tissue reservoir is necessary for parasite virulence. This work demonstrates the importance of the vasculature in a T. brucei infection and identifies organ-specific adhesion molecules as key players for tissue tropism. Our study investigates the blood vasculature for T. brucei reservoir establishment We show the pancreas is a large extravascular reservoir We establish that T. brucei tropism is linked to organotypic adhesion molecules Interfering with adhesion molecules impacts parasite virulence and host survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana De Niz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Daniela Brás
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Marie Ouarné
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Pedro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2825-149, Portugal
| | - Ana M Nascimento
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal; Bioimaging Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Lenka Henao Misikova
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Claudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Luisa M Figueiredo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal.
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Bietar B, Zhou J, Lehmann C. Utility of intestinal intravital microscopy for the study of CNS injury-induced immunodepression syndrome (CIDS). Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 79:137-147. [PMID: 34487026 DOI: 10.3233/ch-219109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other forms of central nervous system (CNS) injury initiate a local inflammatory response. Compensatory anti-inflammatory pathways are activated to limit secondary damage due to inflammation. The associated release of immunosuppressing neuromodulators can result in system-wide immune dysregulation (CNS injury-induced immune-depression syndrome -CIDS). OBJECTIVE To establish an experimental stroke model where CIDS can be studied by intravital microscopy (IVM). METHODS We used the photothrombotic stroke (PTS) model in C57BL/6 mice and studied its effects on peripheral immunity following challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Leukocyte activation, as well as capillary perfusion of the microcirculation, were assessed using intestinal intravital microscopy (IVM). RESULTS PTS caused a significant reduction in the number of adhering leukocytes in submucosal venules of the terminal ileum of mice challenged with LPS compared to LPS-challenged animals without stroke. Leukocyte rolling was also impacted by PTS in the submucosal venules. Following stroke, we also observed decreased mucosal functional capillary density (FCD). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PTS with subsequent LPS challenge poses as a viable model to further study CIDS using intravital microscopy of the intestinal microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Bietar
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Larochelle C, Wasser B, Jamann H, Löffel JT, Cui QL, Tastet O, Schillner M, Luchtman D, Birkenstock J, Stroh A, Antel J, Bittner S, Zipp F. Pro-inflammatory T helper 17 directly harms oligodendrocytes in neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021. [PMID: 34417310 DOI: 10.1071/pnas.2025813118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th)17 cells are considered to contribute to inflammatory mechanisms in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the discussion persists regarding their true role in patients. Here, we visualized central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory processes in models of MS live in vivo and in MS brains and discovered that CNS-infiltrating Th17 cells form prolonged stable contact with oligodendrocytes. Strikingly, compared to Th2 cells, direct contact with Th17 worsened experimental demyelination, caused damage to human oligodendrocyte processes, and increased cell death. Importantly, we found that in comparison to Th2 cells, both human and murine Th17 cells express higher levels of the integrin CD29, which is linked to glutamate release pathways. Of note, contact of human Th17 cells with oligodendrocytes triggered release of glutamate, which induced cell stress and changes in biosynthesis of cholesterol and lipids, as revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Finally, exposure to glutamate decreased myelination, whereas blockade of CD29 preserved oligodendrocyte processes from Th17-mediated injury. Our data provide evidence for the direct and deleterious attack of Th17 cells on the myelin compartment and show the potential for therapeutic opportunities in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; .,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Neurosciences, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Beatrice Wasser
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hélène Jamann
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Neurosciences, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Julian T Löffel
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Neurosciences, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Miriam Schillner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Luchtman
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jérôme Birkenstock
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stroh
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jack Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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Larochelle C, Wasser B, Jamann H, Löffel JT, Cui QL, Tastet O, Schillner M, Luchtman D, Birkenstock J, Stroh A, Antel J, Bittner S, Zipp F. Pro-inflammatory T helper 17 directly harms oligodendrocytes in neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025813118. [PMID: 34417310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025813118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th)17 cells are considered to contribute to inflammatory mechanisms in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the discussion persists regarding their true role in patients. Here, we visualized central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory processes in models of MS live in vivo and in MS brains and discovered that CNS-infiltrating Th17 cells form prolonged stable contact with oligodendrocytes. Strikingly, compared to Th2 cells, direct contact with Th17 worsened experimental demyelination, caused damage to human oligodendrocyte processes, and increased cell death. Importantly, we found that in comparison to Th2 cells, both human and murine Th17 cells express higher levels of the integrin CD29, which is linked to glutamate release pathways. Of note, contact of human Th17 cells with oligodendrocytes triggered release of glutamate, which induced cell stress and changes in biosynthesis of cholesterol and lipids, as revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Finally, exposure to glutamate decreased myelination, whereas blockade of CD29 preserved oligodendrocyte processes from Th17-mediated injury. Our data provide evidence for the direct and deleterious attack of Th17 cells on the myelin compartment and show the potential for therapeutic opportunities in MS.
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Kwiecinski JM, Kratofil RM, Parlet CP, Surewaard BGJ, Kubes P, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus uses the ArlRS and MgrA cascade to regulate immune evasion during skin infection. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109462. [PMID: 34320352 PMCID: PMC8450000 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the most common sites of host immune response against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Here, through a combination of in vitro assays, mouse models, and intravital imaging, we find that S. aureus immune evasion in skin is controlled by a cascade composed of the ArlRS two-component regulatory system and its downstream effector, MgrA. S. aureus lacking either ArlRS or MgrA is less virulent and unable to form correct abscess structure due to de-repression of a giant surface protein, Ebh. These S. aureus mutants also have decreased expression of immune evasion factors (leukocidins, chemotaxis-inhibitory protein of S. aureus [CHIPS], staphylococcal complement inhibitor [SCIN], and nuclease) and are unable to kill neutrophils, block their chemotaxis, degrade neutrophil extracellular traps, and survive direct neutrophil attack. The combination of disrupted abscess structure and reduced immune evasion factors makes S. aureus susceptible to host defenses. ArlRS and MgrA are therefore the main regulators of S. aureus immune evasion and promising treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub M Kwiecinski
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30387, Poland
| | - Rachel M Kratofil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Corey P Parlet
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bas G J Surewaard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Muljajew I, Huschke S, Ramoji A, Cseresnyés Z, Hoeppener S, Nischang I, Foo W, Popp J, Figge MT, Weber C, Bauer M, Schubert US, Press AT. Stealth Effect of Short Polyoxazolines in Graft Copolymers: Minor Changes of Backbone End Group Determine Liver Cell-Type Specificity. ACS Nano 2021; 15:12298-12313. [PMID: 34270899 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dye-loaded micelles of 10 nm diameter formed from amphiphilic graft copolymers composed of a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) backbone and hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) side chains with a degree of polymerization of 15 were investigated concerning their cellular interaction and uptake in vitro as well as their interaction with local and circulating cells of the reticuloendothelial system in the liver by intravital microscopy. Despite the high molar mass of the individual macromolecules (Mn ≈ 20 kg mol-1), backbone end group modification by attachment of a hydrophilic anionic fluorescent probe strongly affected the in vivo performance. To understand these effects, the end group was additionally modified by the attachment of four methacrylic acid repeating units. Although various micelles appeared similar in dynamic light scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy, changes in the micelles were evident from principal component analysis of the Raman spectra. Whereas an efficient stealth effect was found for micelles formed from polymers with anionically charged or thiol end groups, a hydrophobic end group altered the micelles' structure sufficiently to adapt cell-type specificity and stealth properties in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Muljajew
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Huschke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zoltán Cseresnyés
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute Jena, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wanling Foo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute Jena, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Carminita E, Crescence L, Brouilly N, Altié A, Panicot-Dubois L, Dubois C. DNAse-dependent, NET-independent pathway of thrombus formation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100561118. [PMID: 34260389 PMCID: PMC8285961 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100561118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) to thrombus formation has been intensively documented in both arterial and venous thrombosis in mice. We previously demonstrated that adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-activated neutrophils play a key role in initiating the tissue factor-dependent activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to thrombus formation following laser-induced injury. Here, we investigated the contribution of NETs to thrombus formation in a laser-induced injury model. In vivo, treatment of mice with DNase-I significantly inhibited the accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils at the site of injury, neutrophil elastase secretion, and platelet thrombus formation within seconds following injury. Surprisingly, electron microscopy of the thrombus revealed that neutrophils present at the site of laser-induced injury did not form NETs. In vitro, ATP, the main neutrophil agonist present at the site of laser-induced injury, induced the overexpression of PAD4 and CitH3 but not NETosis. However, compared to no treatment, the addition of DNase-I was sufficient to cleave ATP and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in adenosine. Human and mouse platelet aggregation by ADP and neutrophil activation by ATP were also significantly reduced in the presence of DNase-I. We conclude that following laser-induced injury, neutrophils but not NETs are involved in thrombus formation. Treatment with DNase-I induces the hydrolysis of ATP and ADP, leading to the generation of adenosine and the inhibition of thrombus formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Carminita
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE) 1260, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 13380 Marseille, France
| | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE) 1260, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 13380 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Plateforme d'Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale, C2VN, 13380 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Brouilly
- CNRS UMR 7288, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Altié
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE) 1260, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 13380 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Panicot-Dubois
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE) 1260, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 13380 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Plateforme d'Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale, C2VN, 13380 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE) 1260, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 13380 Marseille, France;
- Aix Marseille University, Plateforme d'Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale, C2VN, 13380 Marseille, France
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Htwe YM, Wang H, Belvitch P, Meliton L, Bandela M, Letsiou E, Dudek SM. Group V Phospholipase A 2 Mediates Endothelial Dysfunction and Acute Lung Injury Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Cells 2021; 10:1731. [PMID: 34359901 PMCID: PMC8304832 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of acute lung injury (ALI) and clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have identified the lipid-generating enzyme, group V phospholipase A2 (gVPLA2), as a mediator of lung endothelial barrier disruption and inflammation. The current study aimed to determine the role of gVPLA2 in mediating lung endothelial responses to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, USA300 strain), a major cause of ALI/ARDS. In vitro studies assessed the effects of gVPLA2 inhibition on lung endothelial cell (EC) permeability after exposure to heat-killed (HK) MRSA. In vivo studies assessed the effects of intratracheal live or HK-MRSA on multiple indices of ALI in wild-type (WT) and gVPLA2-deficient (KO) mice. In vitro, HK-MRSA increased gVPLA2 expression and permeability in human lung EC. Inhibition of gVPLA2 with either the PLA2 inhibitor, LY311727, or with a specific monoclonal antibody, attenuated the barrier disruption caused by HK-MRSA. LY311727 also reduced HK-MRSA-induced permeability in mouse lung EC isolated from WT but not gVPLA2-KO mice. In vivo, live MRSA caused significantly less ALI in gVPLA2 KO mice compared to WT, findings confirmed by intravital microscopy assessment in HK-MRSA-treated mice. After targeted delivery of gVPLA2 plasmid to lung endothelium using ACE antibody-conjugated liposomes, MRSA-induced ALI was significantly increased in gVPLA2-KO mice, indicating that lung endothelial expression of gVPLA2 is critical in vivo. In summary, these results demonstrate an important role for gVPLA2 in mediating MRSA-induced lung EC permeability and ALI. Thus, gVPLA2 may represent a novel therapeutic target in ALI/ARDS caused by bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (Y.M.H.); (H.W.); (P.B.); (L.M.); (M.B.); (E.L.)
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Adams MT, Dwulet JM, Briggs JK, Reissaus CA, Jin E, Szulczewski JM, Lyman MR, Sdao SM, Kravets V, Nimkulrat SD, Ponik SM, Merrins MJ, Mirmira RG, Linnemann AK, Benninger RKP, Blum B. Reduced synchroneity of intra-islet Ca 2+ oscillations in vivo in Robo-deficient β cells. eLife 2021; 10:e61308. [PMID: 34231467 PMCID: PMC8289414 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial architecture of the islets of Langerhans is hypothesized to facilitate synchronized insulin secretion among β cells, yet testing this in vivo in the intact pancreas is challenging. Robo βKO mice, in which the genes Robo1 and Robo2 are deleted selectively in β cells, provide a unique model of altered islet spatial architecture without loss of β cell differentiation or islet damage from diabetes. Combining Robo βKO mice with intravital microscopy, we show here that Robo βKO islets have reduced synchronized intra-islet Ca2+ oscillations among β cells in vivo. We provide evidence that this loss is not due to a β cell-intrinsic function of Robo, mis-expression or mis-localization of Cx36 gap junctions, or changes in islet vascularization or innervation, suggesting that the islet architecture itself is required for synchronized Ca2+ oscillations. These results have implications for understanding structure-function relationships in the islets during progression to diabetes as well as engineering islets from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T Adams
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - JaeAnn M Dwulet
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Jennifer K Briggs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Christopher A Reissaus
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Erli Jin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Joseph M Szulczewski
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Melissa R Lyman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Sophia M Sdao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Vira Kravets
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Sutichot D Nimkulrat
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Richard KP Benninger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Barak Blum
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
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Rebling J, Ben‐Yehuda Greenwald M, Wietecha M, Werner S, Razansky D. Long-Term Imaging of Wound Angiogenesis with Large Scale Optoacoustic Microscopy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2004226. [PMID: 34258153 PMCID: PMC8261523 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a well-coordinated process, necessitating efficient formation of new blood vessels. Vascularization defects are therefore a major risk factor for chronic, non-healing wounds. The dynamics of mammalian tissue revascularization, vessel maturation, and remodeling remain poorly understood due to lack of suitable in vivo imaging tools. A label-free large-scale optoacoustic microscopy (LSOM) approach is developed for rapid, non-invasive, volumetric imaging of tissue regeneration over large areas spanning up to 50 mm with a depth penetration of 1.5 mm. Vascular networks in dorsal mouse skin and full-thickness excisional wounds are imaged with capillary resolution during the course of healing, revealing previously undocumented views of the angiogenesis process in an unperturbed wound environment. Development of an automatic analysis framework enables the identification of key features of wound angiogenesis, including vessel length, diameter, tortuosity, and angular alignment. The approach offers a versatile tool for preclinical research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, empowering label-free, longitudinal, high-throughput, and quantitative studies of the microcirculation in processes associated with normal and impaired vascular remodeling, and analysis of vascular responses to pharmacological interventions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rebling
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | | | - Mateusz Wietecha
- Institute of Molecular Health SciencesDepartment of BiologyETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health SciencesDepartment of BiologyETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
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