1
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Greene A, Wood L, Champion P, Castonguay M, Scheffler M, Deshaies C, Wood J, French D. Resection of a Large Growing Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor Using a Multidisciplinary Approach. Curr Oncol 2023; 31:42-49. [PMID: 38275829 PMCID: PMC10814761 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mediastinal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare. Post-chemotherapy residual masses in patients with a nonseminomatous GCT require resection. A patient with a large mediastinal GCT involving the left subclavian artery, superior vena cava (SVC) and hilum of the right lung is presented. Despite a biochemical response to chemotherapy, the tumor enlarged on serial imaging. With guidance from medical oncology, a multidisciplinary surgical team, including cardiac anesthesia, cardiac surgery and thoracic surgery resected the tumor with a staged reconstruction of the SVC. The procedure was well tolerated and yielded clear margins. The final pathology showed a significant associated component of rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Greene
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada; (A.G.)
| | - Lori Wood
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Philip Champion
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 8T5, Canada;
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada;
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Catherine Deshaies
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada; (A.G.)
| | - Jeremy Wood
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada; (A.G.)
| | - Daniel French
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
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2
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Nair V, Fishbein GA, Padera R, Seidman MA, Castonguay M, Leduc C, Tan CD, Rodriguez ER, Maleszewski JJ, Miller D, Romero M, Lomasney J, d'Amati G, De Gaspari M, Rizzo S, Angelini A, Basso C, Litovsky S, Buja LM, Stone JR, Veinot JP. Consensus statement on the processing, interpretation and reporting of temporal artery biopsy for arteritis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2023; 67:107574. [PMID: 37683739 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common systemic vasculitis in adults in Europe and North America, typically involving the extra-cranial branches of the carotid arteries and the thoracic aorta. Despite advances in noninvasive imaging, temporal artery biopsy (TAB) remains the gold standard for establishing a GCA diagnosis. The processing of TAB depends largely on individual institutional protocol, and the interpretation and reporting practices vary among pathologists. To address this lack of uniformity, the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology formed a committee tasked with establishing consensus guidelines for the processing, interpretation, and reporting of TAB specimens, based on the existing literature. This consensus statement includes a discussion of the differential diagnoses including other forms of arteritis and noninflammatory changes of the temporal artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Nair
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gregory A Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Seidman
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Charles Leduc
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carmela D Tan
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dylan Miller
- Intermountain Central Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maria Romero
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Lomasney
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica De Gaspari
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvio Litovsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Louis Maximilian Buja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John P Veinot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Hall S, Faridi S, Trivedi P, Castonguay M, Kelly M, Zhou J, Lehmann C. Cannabidiol Reduces Systemic Immune Activation in Experimental Acute Lung Injury. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023. [PMID: 37815809 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The underlying pathomechanism of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the immune response to inflammation or infection within the pulmonary microcirculation. Systemic spread of pathogens, activated immune cells, and inflammatory mediators contributes significantly to mortality in patients with ARDS. Objective: The endogenous cannabinoid system is a major modulator of the immune response during inflammation and infection. Phytocannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), have shown promising anti-inflammatory effects in several pathologies. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CBD on local and systemic inflammation in endotoxin-induced ALI in mice. Materials and Methods: ALI was induced by pulmonary endotoxin challenge. Four groups of male C57BL/6 mice were randomized in this study: control, ALI, ALI with CBD treatment, and control with CBD treatment. Analyses of local and systemic cytokine levels, lung histology, and leukocyte activation as visualized by intravital microscopy of the intestinal and pulmonary microcirculation were performed 6 h following intranasal endotoxin administration. Results: Pulmonary endotoxin challenge induced significant inflammation evidenced by local and systemic cytokine and chemokine release, lung histopathology, and leukocyte adhesion. Intraperitoneal CBD treatment resulted in a significant decrease in systemic inflammation as shown by reduced leukocyte adhesion in the intestinal microcirculation and reduced plasma cytokine and chemokine levels. Pulmonary chemokine levels were decreased, while pulmonary cytokine levels were unchanged. Surprisingly, the ALI score was slightly increased by CBD treatment in a manner driven by enhanced neutrophil infiltration of the alveoli. Conclusion: In this model of experimental ALI, CBD administration was associated with reduced systemic inflammation and heterogeneous effects on pulmonary inflammation. Future studies should explore the mechanisms involved as they relate to neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory mediator production within the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sufyan Faridi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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4
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Maleszewski JJ, Basso C, Burke A, Castonguay M, Leduc C, Tavora F, Sheppard M, Suri R, Judge M, Cooper WA. Dataset for the reporting of neoplasms of the heart, pericardium, and great vessels: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Virchows Arch 2023; 482:303-309. [PMID: 36512082 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) was founded by major pathology organizations from around the world to produce internationally standardized and evidence-based datasets for pathologists' reporting of cancer. Its goal is to improve cancer patient outcomes worldwide and to advance international benchmarking in cancer management. The ICCR cancer dataset development schedule is aligned with revisions of the WHO Classification of Tumours ("Blue Book") series, and in 2015 ICCR developed an initial series of thoracic datasets including a dataset for neoplasms of the heart, pericardium, and great vessels. This edition has now been updated to align with the 2021 WHO Blue Book series. An expert panel was convened to review and revise the dataset. While the majority of ICCR datasets are focused on malignant tumors, the scope of this dataset includes a number of benign tumors and tumor-like entities because of the rarity of cardiac malignancies and the serious implications of even histologically benign lesions. Due to the rarity of cardiac tumors, evidence in support of reporting elements is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Maleszewski
- ICCR Dataset for the Reporting of Neoplasms of the Heart, Pericardium, and Great Vessels Dataset Authoring Committee, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Allen Burke
- University of Maryland Medical Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Charles Leduc
- Department of Pathology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Messejana Heart and Lung Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mary Sheppard
- St. George's Medical School, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rakesh Suri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Meagan Judge
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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5
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Hall S, Faridi S, Trivedi P, Sultana S, Ray B, Myers T, Euodia I, Vlatten D, Castonguay M, Zhou J, Kelly M, Lehmann C. Selective CB 2 Receptor Agonist, HU-308, Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Endotoxin Model of Pneumonia-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415857. [PMID: 36555499 PMCID: PMC9779896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis are risk factors contributing to mortality in patients with pneumonia. In ARDS, also termed acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary immune responses lead to excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and aberrant alveolar neutrophil infiltration. Systemic spread of cytokines is associated with systemic complications including sepsis, multi-organ failure, and death. Thus, dampening pro-inflammatory cytokine release is a viable strategy to improve outcome. Activation of cannabinoid type II receptor (CB2) has been shown to reduce cytokine release in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Herein, we investigated the effect of HU-308, a specific CB2 agonist, on systemic and pulmonary inflammation in a model of pneumonia-induced ALI. C57Bl/6 mice received intranasal endotoxin or saline, followed by intravenous HU-308, dexamethasone, or vehicle. ALI was scored by histology and plasma levels of select inflammatory mediators were assessed by Luminex assay. Intravital microscopy (IVM) was performed to assess leukocyte adhesion and capillary perfusion in intestinal and pulmonary microcirculation. HU-308 and dexamethasone attenuated LPS-induced cytokine release and intestinal microcirculatory impairment. HU-308 modestly reduced ALI score, while dexamethasone abolished it. These results suggest administration of HU-308 can reduce systemic inflammation without suppressing pulmonary immune response in pneumonia-induced ALI and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sufyan Faridi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Saki Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Bithika Ray
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tanya Myers
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Irene Euodia
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Vlatten
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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6
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Williams C, French D, Christie S, Castonguay M, Wallace A. Pleural solitary fibrous tumour with brain metastasis: an aggressive tumour and pathologic conundrum. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac344. [PMID: 35935465 PMCID: PMC9352268 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura are a rare finding; those with brain metastases are rarer still. Here, we present the evolution of a pleural solitary fibrous tumour in a 70-year-old male treated surgically, and subsequent brain metastasis requiring emergent craniotomy and excision. The patient received adjuvant radiotherapy to the brain and had no recurrence of brain metastases; however, 1 year surveillance imaging demonstrated metastases to the lungs, liver and spleen for which he received chemotherapy but eventually succumbed to the disease process. Solitary fibrous tumours are most often slow-growing, relatively benign neoplasms. However, up to 10% are malignant. This case highlights the importance of surgical resection of these benign tumours with malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Williams
- Department of Surgery , Division of Thoracic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University , Division of Thoracic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Daniel French
- Department of Surgery , Division of Thoracic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University , Division of Thoracic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sean Christie
- Department of Surgery , Division of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University , Division of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology , Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University , Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alison Wallace
- Department of Surgery , Division of Thoracic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University , Division of Thoracic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology , Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University , Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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7
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Liwski CR, Castonguay M, Barnes P, Bethune G, Rayson D. HER2 testing in metastatic breast cancer – is reflex in situ hybridization necessary in cases that are equivocal by immunohistochemistry? Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Current guidelines recommend HER2 testing on all primary invasive breast cancers and at least one metastatic lesion. Typical HER2 testing involves immunohistochemistry (IHC), with reflex in situ hybridization (ISH) in the event of equivocal (2+) IHC. ISH testing is time consuming and resource intensive, and there may be situations where it is unnecessary. The incidence of discordance between HER2 negative primary tumors and HER2 IHC2+ metastases that are ISH positive is unknown. We hypothesize that the majority of such cases are non- amplified.
Methods/Case Report
A retrospective review of IHC2+ metastatic lesions further assessed with ISH at our center from 2013-2021 was undertaken. A total of 105 cases were identified after exclusion of cases missing HER2 results, with primaries of unconfirmed origin, and cases of synchronous primary and metastatic disease. IHC and ISH results were recorded, with a detailed slide review of discordant cases.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
91/105 metastases had HER2 negative primaries (87%). A metastasis was significantly more likely to be HER2 negative when the primary was HER2 negative (93%) versus positive (43%) (p < 0.0001). 54/91 primaries were IHC2+/ISH negative, and 50/54 (93%) corresponding metastases had identical results. Of the 37 HER2 negative primaries that were IHC0/1+, 35 (95%) corresponding metastatic tumors were ISH negative. Six metastatic lesions in cases with HER2 negative primaries were discordant and slides were reviewed. Characteristics of metastatic tumors suggesting ISH testing was warranted to assess for discordance included IHC heterogeneity, morphological discordance, and increased staining of moderate intensity. These factors were present in all six discordant metastases.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that selective rather than reflex ISH testing on HER2 IHC2+ breast cancer metastases in the context of HER2 negative primary disease may be appropriate when there is careful review of the IHC. Validation of our findings await further studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Liwski
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CANADA
| | - M Castonguay
- Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CANADA
| | - P Barnes
- Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CANADA
| | - G Bethune
- Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CANADA
| | - D Rayson
- Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CANADA
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8
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Alwithenani A, Bethune D, Castonguay M, Drucker A, Flowerdew G, Forsythe M, French D, Fris J, Greer W, Henteleff H, MacNeil M, Marignani P, Morzycki W, Plourde M, Snow S, Marcato P, Xu Z. Profiling non-small cell lung cancer reveals that PD-L1 is associated with wild type EGFR and vascular invasion, and immunohistochemistry quantification of PD-L1 correlates weakly with RT-qPCR. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251080. [PMID: 33956842 PMCID: PMC8101740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most lung cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, limiting their treatment options with very low response rate. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Therapies that target driver gene mutations (e.g. EGFR, ALK, ROS1) and checkpoint inhibitors such anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 immunotherapies are being used to treat lung cancer patients. Identification of correlations between driver mutations and PD-L1 expression will allow for the best management of patient treatment. 851 cases of non-small cell lung cancer cases were profiled for the presence of biomarkers EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations by SNaPshot/sizing genotyping. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the protein expression of ALK and PD-L1. Total PD-L1 mRNA expression (from unsorted tumor samples) was quantified by RT-qPCR in a sub-group of the cohort to assess its correlation with PD-L1 protein level in tumor cells. Statistical analysis revealed correlations between the presence of the mutations, PD-L1 expression, and the pathological data. Specifically, increased PD-L1 expression was associated with wildtype EGFR and vascular invasion, and total PD-L1 mRNA levels correlated weakly with protein expression on tumor cells. These data provide insights into driver gene mutations and immune checkpoint status in relation to lung cancer subtypes and suggest that RT-qPCR is useful for assessing PD-L1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Alwithenani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Drew Bethune
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Arik Drucker
- Division Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gordon Flowerdew
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marika Forsythe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Daniel French
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John Fris
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wenda Greer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Harry Henteleff
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mary MacNeil
- Division Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paola Marignani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wojciech Morzycki
- Division Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Madelaine Plourde
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Snow
- Division Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail: (ZX); (PM)
| | - Zhaolin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail: (ZX); (PM)
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Johar J, Houston S, Kipp B, Yi J, Aubry M, Castonguay M. P38.17 Pulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma with Rhabdomyoblastic Differentiation: A Previously Unreported Occurrence. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Forsythe ML, Alwithenani A, Bethune D, Castonguay M, Drucker A, Flowerdew G, French D, Fris J, Greer W, Henteleff H, MacNeil M, Marignani P, Morzycki W, Plourde M, Snow S, Xu Z. Molecular profiling of non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236580. [PMID: 32756609 PMCID: PMC7406040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is generally treated with conventional therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation. These methods, however, are not specific to cancer cells and instead attack every cell present, including normal cells. Personalized therapies provide more efficient treatment options as they target the individual’s genetic makeup. The goal of this study was to identify the frequency of causal genetic mutations across a variety of lung cancer subtypes in the earlier stages. 833 samples of non-small cell lung cancer from 799 patients who received resection of their lung cancer, were selected for molecular analysis of six known mutations, including EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, HER2 and ALK. A SNaPshot assay was used for point mutations and fragment analysis searched for insertions and deletions. ALK was evaluated by IHC +/- FISH. Statistical analysis was performed to determine correlations between molecular and clinical/pathological patient data. None of the tested variants were identified in most (66.15%) of cases. The observed frequencies among the total samples vs. only the adenocarcinoma cases were notable different, with the highest frequency being the KRAS mutation (24.49% vs. 35.55%), followed by EGFR (6.96% vs. 10.23%), PIK3CA (1.20% vs. 0.9%), BRAF (1.08% vs. 1.62%), ALK (0.12% vs. 0.18%), while the lowest was the HER2 mutation (0% for both). The statistical analysis yielded correlations between presence of a mutation with gender, cancer type, vascular invasion and smoking history. The outcome of this study will provide data that helps stratify patient prognosis and supports development of more precise treatments, resulting in improved outcomes for future lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika L. Forsythe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Akram Alwithenani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Drew Bethune
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Arik Drucker
- Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gordon Flowerdew
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Daniel French
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John Fris
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wenda Greer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Harry Henteleff
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mary MacNeil
- Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paola Marignani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wojciech Morzycki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Madelaine Plourde
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Snow
- Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhaolin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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11
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Cote CL, Castonguay M, Baskett R. Resection of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma metastasized to the right ventricle. J Card Surg 2020; 35:1108-1109. [PMID: 32293053 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L Cote
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Roger Baskett
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Surette A, Castonguay M, Bethune D, Drucker A, French D, Henteleff H, Macneil M, Morzycki W, Plourde M, Snow S, Xu Z. MA15.09 PD-L1 Status in Relation with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Major Subtypes, Differentiation, Molecular Profiling and Smoking History. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Xu Z, Castonguay M, Greer W, Alwithenani A, Bethune D, Drucker A, Flowerdew G, Forsythe M, French D, Henteleff H, Johnston M, Macneil M, Morzycki W, Plourde M, Snow S, Surette A. MA09.10 Molecular Profiling and PD-L1 Status in 900 Cases of Surgically Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Clinical and Pathological Correlation. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Alwithenani A, Forsythe M, Castonguay M, Greer W, Flowerdew G, Bethune D, Henteleff H, Plourde M, Mujoomdar A, French D, Johnston M, Marcato P, Xu Z. Abstract B21: Investigating targeted driver mutations and PD-L1 expression for improved therapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.aacriaslc18-b21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Most lung cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, limiting their treatment options to chemotherapies that have very low response rate. New therapies that target driver gene mutations (e.g., EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF) are being used to treat patients who have tumors with these mutations. In addition, a type of immunotherapy called immune checkpoint inhibitor is being used to treat lung cancer patients. For instance, patients with tumors that express PD-L1 are responsive to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Thus, being able to identify the presence of driver mutations and PD-L1 will help patients to benefit from different therapies. A total of 844 cases of non-small cell lung cancer samples have been profiled for the presence of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and HER2 mutations by SNaPshot/sizing genotyping. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to identify the protein expression of ALK and PD-L1. Histologic examination was performed to determine the pathologic type, grade, and lymphatic/vascular invasion. Statistical analysis revealed a number of correlations between the presence of the mutations, PD-L1 expression and the patient pathologic data. Specifically, it was determined that women had lung tumors with a significantly greater number of EGFR mutations than men (p value = 0.001). Examining the presence of ALK, EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and HER2 mutations against the presence of pleural invasions yielded a p-value of 0.071, which implies evidence that different mutations are not associated with pleural invasion. However, EGFR mutations were associated with the absence of vascular and lymphatic invasions in lung cancer patients (p value = 0.001, 0.002 respectively). In addition, while the expression of PD-L1 does not associate with the patients who express KRAS mutation, it is associated with lung cancer patients who express EGFR mutation (p value = 0.002). Knowing the mutational and PD-L1 status in lung cancer patients will help patients benefit from targeted therapies and/or checkpoint inhibitors.
Citation Format: Akram Alwithenani, Marika Forsythe, Mathieu Castonguay, Wenda Greer, Gorden Flowerdew, Drew Bethune, Harry Henteleff, Madelaine Plourde, Aneil Mujoomdar, Daniel French, Micheal Johnston, Paola Marcato, Zhaolin Xu. Investigating targeted driver mutations and PD-L1 expression for improved therapy of non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr B21.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaolin Xu
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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15
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Zhao Y, Castonguay M, Wilke D, Xu Z, Plourde M, Mulroy L, MacNeil M, Bowes D. Treatment outcomes and incidence of brain metastases in pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 43:54-65. [PMID: 30107896 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare type of high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor. The study objective is to investigate its survival outcomes, incidence of brain metastases, and patterns of recurrence. METHODS This is a single center study of patients with pathologic diagnosis of pulmonary LCNEC. Patient data were collected retrospectively and analyzed, including survival, incidence of brain metastases, and patterns of recurrence. RESULTS Of 87 patients (stages I: 24, II: 14, III: 23, IV: 26), 52 were managed curatively and 35 palliatively. The median follow-up time was 17.3 months (range 0.6-89.5) for those treated with curative intent and 7.0 months (range 0.1-28.6) for those treated palliatively. The 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates are 48.4% and 25.5% for the curative group, with a median OS of 13.5 months. In the palliative group, the OS are 30.8% at 1 year and 6.8% at 2 years, with a median OS of 7.0 months. Thirty-eight of 52 (73%) patients treated with curative intent had disease relapse, with the common sites being regional lymph nodes (20), brain (18), bones (11), and liver (9). The incidence of brain recurrence among those managed curatively are 21.4% and 41.3%, respectively at 1 and 2 years. Of 18 patients experiencing brain metastases, 14 developed them as part of a first relapse. CONCLUSIONS LCNEC's survival outcomes are poor. The incidence of brain metastases is higher than what is observed for other types of nonsmall cell lung cancers. Prophylactic cranial irradiation should be investigated as a means of improving outcomes.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Brain Neoplasms/secondary
- Brain Neoplasms/therapy
- Canada/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/mortality
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Incidence
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Derek Wilke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhaolin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Madelaine Plourde
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Liam Mulroy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mary MacNeil
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David Bowes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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16
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Maedler C, Arnason T, Dorreen A, Sapp H, Castonguay M, Murphy J, Selegean S, Huang WY. Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix - An interobserver variability study using two proposed classification systems. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 32:51-55. [PMID: 29414399 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is an uncommon tumor of the vermiform appendix. Due to a broad spectrum of morphological differentiation, subclassification and grading of GCCs remains an area of controversy. Two separate systems have proposed classifying GCC tumors into three (classical GCC; adenocarcinoma ex-GCC, signet ring cell type; adenocarcinoma ex-GCC, poorly differentiated carcinoma type) OR two subgroups (low and high grade GCC) based on morphological criteria. We independently compared the inter-observer variability associated with each classification system. Overall, both systems had moderate interobserver agreement, with the two-tiered system (κ=0.54) performing slightly better than the three-tiered system (κ=0.42). GI-specialist pathologists had substantial agreement for both two and three-tiered systems (κ=0.65 vs. 0.65). Non-GI trained pathologists had lower overall agreement than GI trained pathologists, but their agreement was better using the two-tiered system (κ=0.44) than the three-tiered system (κ=0.22). A sub-analysis of 6 cases with a high rate of discordant classification revealed several challenges that exist in applying current criteria, including differentiating "goblet" vs. "signet ring" cell morphology, applying a 1 mm2 criteria to multifocal non-contiguous glandular and single infiltrating cell architecture, differentiating fibro-inflammatory stroma from desmoplastic stroma, and solid architecture in cases with abundant extracellular mucin, and distinguishing "reactive" nuclear atypia from true "cytologic atypia". Despite these challenges, the study identified better agreement among GI pathologists than non-GI trained pathologists. While GI pathologist review may be helpful, further research on objective classification criteria remains an area of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Maedler
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Thomas Arnason
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alastair Dorreen
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Heidi Sapp
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Joanne Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sorin Selegean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Weei-Yuarn Huang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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17
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Zhao Y, Bowes D, Castonguay M, Xu Z, Plourde M, Mulroy L, MacNeil M, Dewar R. Incidence of Brain Metastases and Outcomes in Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Williams AS, Castonguay M, Murray SK. Aortic intimal separation resulting from manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation-completing the spectrum of blunt thoracic aortic injury complicating CPR. Int J Legal Med 2016; 130:1581-1585. [PMID: 27241160 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) resulting from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is rarely reported and most reports are of aortic rupture. Clinical reports have also documented aortic dissection and intramural hematomas with sequential imaging showing the development of these aortic injuries after the administration of CPR, suggesting that non-transmural aortic injury may also result from CPR. We report partial separation of an aortic intimal atheromatous plaque as a component injury in a case with multiple complications of manual CPR. A 74-year-old male presented to the emergency room (ER) with a 2-day history of chest pain. While in the ER, he suffered witnessed cardiac arrest and resuscitative attempts were pursued for 60 min prior to declaring death. At autopsy, there were numerous injuries attributable to CPR, including bilateral rib fractures, sternal fracture, retrosternal and mediastinal hemorrhage, epicardial ecchymoses, and ruptured pericardium. There was a perforated inferior wall myocardial infarct with a large left hemothorax. There was partial separation/laceration of an intimal atheromatous plaque on the anterior wall of the ascending aorta proximal to the origin of the brachiocephalic artery, forming a triangular flap, without associated intramedial dissection or hematoma. There was no thrombus formation, effectively excluding existence of the laceration prior to circulatory arrest. This aortic injury provides pathologic confirmation of non-transmural BTAI definitively sustained during manual CPR. Pathologists and clinicians alike should be cognizant of the possibility of BTAI resulting from CPR, which may manifest the full range of severity from intimal tear through aortic rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Williams
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, QEII Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Dr. D.J. Mackenzie Bldg, Rm 736, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, QEII Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Dr. D.J. Mackenzie Bldg, Rm 736, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Shawn K Murray
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, QEII Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Dr. D.J. Mackenzie Bldg, Rm 736, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada.
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19
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Boivin B, Castonguay M, Audet C, Pavey SA, Dionne M, Bernatchez L. How does salinity influence habitat selection and growth in juvenile American eels Anguilla rostrata? J Fish Biol 2015; 86:765-784. [PMID: 25603719 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of salinity on habitat selection and growth in juvenile American eels Anguilla rostrata captured in four rivers across eastern Canada was assessed in controlled experiments in 2011 and 2012. Glass eels were first categorized according to their salinity preferences towards fresh (FW), salt (SW) or brackish water (BW) and the growth rate of each group of elvers was subsequently monitored in controlled FW and BW environments for 7 months. Most glass eels (78-89%) did not make a choice, i.e. they remained in BW. Salinity preferences were not influenced by body condition, although a possible role of pigmentation could not be ruled out. Glass eels that did make a choice displayed a similar preference for FW (60-75%) regardless of their geographic origin but glass eels from the St Lawrence Estuary displayed a significantly higher locomotor activity than those from other regions. Neither the salinity preferences showed by glass eels in the first experiment nor the rearing salinities appeared to have much influence on growth during the experiments. Elvers from Nova Scotia, however, reached a significantly higher mass than those from the St Lawrence Estuary thus supporting the hypothesis of genetically (or epigenetically) based differences for growth between A. rostrata from different origins. These results provide important ecological knowledge for the sustained exploitation and conservation of this threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Boivin
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - M Castonguay
- Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Pêches et Océans Canada, 850 Route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - C Audet
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - S A Pavey
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - M Dionne
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, 880 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4X4, Canada
| | - L Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Abstract
Homing behaviour and group cohesion in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua from the northern Gulf of St Lawrence were studied based on tagging-recapture data from two periods, the 1980s and a recent period from 1996 to 2008. Two or more tags from a single tagging experiment were frequently recovered together in subsequent years. The null hypothesis was tested that the frequency of matching tag recoveries occurred by chance only through random mixing of tagged G. morhua before their recapture by the commercial fishery. The alternative hypothesis was that non-random, positive association (group cohesion) existed among tagged individuals that persisted through time and during migrations. Results show that the G. morhua population exhibits a homing behaviour, with temporal stability across seasons and years: 50% of recaptured fish in the recent period were caught <34 km from their mark site, even 3 years after release. In the 1980s, G. morhua were located at <10 km from their release site 1 year after tagging during summer and at <16 km during spring and autumn combined. Despite the increasing distance between the mark and recapture sites over time, the difference was not significant. In addition, occurrences of two or more tagged fish from the same release event that were caught together indicated a non-random association among individual fish for periods of one to several years and through migrations over several hundred kilometres. Hence G. morhua showed group cohesion in addition to site fidelity. These two interacting behaviours may be fundamental for the rebuilding and conservation of depleted fish stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tamdrari
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
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21
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Mendez-Probst CE, Erdeljan P, Castonguay M, Gabril M, Wehrli B, Razvi H. Myxoid chondrosarcoma of the scrotum: a case report and review of the literature. Can Urol Assoc J 2011; 4:E109-11. [PMID: 20694088 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas are relatively rare soft tissue malignant tumours, most commonly located in the extremities. Their occurrence in the genitourinary tract is extremely rare. We present a clinical case report of an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma originating in the scrotum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrique Mendez-Probst
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON
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22
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Dutil JD, Dumont P, Cairns DK, Galbraith PS, Verreault G, Castonguay M, Proulx S. Anguilla rostrata glass eel migration and recruitment in the estuary and Gulf of St Lawrence. J Fish Biol 2009; 74:1970-1984. [PMID: 20735683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study describes catches of Anguilla rostrata glass eels and associated oceanographic conditions in the St Lawrence Estuary and Gulf. Ichthyoplankton survey data suggest that they enter the Gulf primarily in May, migrate at the surface at night, and disperse broadly once they have passed Cabot Strait. They arrive in estuaries beginning at about mid-June and through the month of July. Migration extends west up to Québec City, in the freshwater zone of the St Lawrence Estuary, 1000 km west of Cabot Strait. Anguilla rostrata glass eels travel between Cabot Strait and receiving estuaries at a straight-line ground speed of c. 10-15 km day(-1). Catches of fish per unit effort in estuaries in the St Lawrence system are much lower than those reported for the Atlantic coast of Canada. Low abundance of A. rostrata glass eels in the St Lawrence system may be due to cold surface temperatures during the migration period which decrease swimming capacity, long distances from the spawning ground to Cabot Strait and from Cabot Strait to the destination waters (especially the St Lawrence River), complex circulation patterns, and hypoxic conditions in bottom waters of the Laurentian Channel and the St Lawrence Estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-D Dutil
- Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne C. P. 1000, Mont-Joli, Québec, G5H 3Z4 Canada
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23
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Côté CL, Castonguay M, Verreault G, Bernatchez L. Differential effects of origin and salinity rearing conditions on growth of glass eels of the American eel Anguilla rostrata: implications for stocking programmes. J Fish Biol 2009; 74:1934-1948. [PMID: 20735681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, growth patterns were monitored in controlled fresh and brackish water (BW) conditions for 7 months during Anguilla rostrata glass eel and elver stages. Null hypotheses tested were that there is no significant difference in growth between glass eels (1) collected from two geographic regions typified by different sex ratios, (2) reared in fresh and BW and (3) due to origin x salinity interactions. It was found that young A. rostrata from Mira River (MR, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada, an area where both males and females occur) grew faster than those from Grande-Rivière-Blanche (Québec, Canada, an area where population are highly skewed towards females; 99-100%). Anguilla rostrata from both origins also grew faster in BW, although there was a trend for origin x salinity interactions whereby this effect was more pronounced for fish from the MR. The results support the hypothesis that salinity can influence growth patterns, as possibly can quantitative genetic differences between A. rostrata glass eels from different origins. Possible explanations for these patterns and potential consequences for sex determination and translocation programmes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Côté
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada.
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Abaalkhail F, Castonguay M, Driman DK, Parfitt J, Marotta P. Lobular capillary hemangioma of the liver. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8:323-5. [PMID: 19502177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) is a benign vascular tumor that is rare in adults and has never been reported in the liver. This vascular lesion usually presents on the skin or mucous membranes, and predominantly affects children. METHODS LCH as a large asymptomatic hepatic mass was seen in a 35-year-old female. Imaging and pathologic characteristics of the mass are reviewed, and the relevant literature is also reviewed. RESULTS A large vascular hepatic lesion was observed in an asymptomatic 35-year-old female. Pathologic examination after surgical resection revealed typical features of LCH. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case of lobular capillary hemangioma seen as a liver lesion in an adult. Large vascular hepatic lesions pose significant difficulties in discerning benign from potentially malignant conditions. In this report we describe the pitfalls and radiological uncertainties with interpreting vascular lesions of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Abaalkhail
- London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario, Canada
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Bonhommeau S, Le Pape O, Gascuel D, Blanke B, Tréguier AM, Grima N, Vermard Y, Castonguay M, Rivot E. Estimates of the mortality and the duration of the trans-Atlantic migration of European eel Anguilla anguilla leptocephali using a particle tracking model. J Fish Biol 2009; 74:1891-1914. [PMID: 20735679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using Lagrangian simulations, based on circulation models over three different hydroclimatic periods in the last 45 years in the North Atlantic Ocean, the trans-Atlantic migration of the European eel Anguilla anguilla leptocephali was simulated via the passive drift of particles released in the spawning area. Three different behaviours were modelled: drifting at fixed depth, undergoing a vertical migration or choosing the fastest currents. Simulations included mortality hypotheses to estimate a realistic mean migration duration and relative survival of A. anguilla larvae. The mean migration duration was estimated as 21 months and the mortality rate as 3.8 per year, i.e. < 0.2% of A. anguilla larvae may typically survive the trans-Atlantic migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bonhommeau
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 985 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Halieutique, Rennes Cedex, France.
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Savenkoff C, Swain D, Hanson J, Castonguay M, Hammill M, Bourdages H, Morissette L, Chabot D. Effects of fishing and predation in a heavily exploited ecosystem: Comparing periods before and after the collapse of groundfish in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada). Ecol Modell 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Méthot R, Castonguay M, Lambert Y, Audet C, Campana SE. Spatio-temporal Distribution of Spawning and Stock Mixing of Atlantic Cod from the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and Southern Newfoundland Stocks on Burgeo Bank as Revealed by Maturity and Trace Elements of Otoliths. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2960/j.v36.m564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Castonguay
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, Québec (Qué). Canada, G1K 7P4
| | - J.-R. Roy
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, Québec (Qué). Canada, G1K 7P4
| | - S. Lavoie
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, Québec (Qué). Canada, G1K 7P4
| | - M-A. Laliberté
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, Québec (Qué). Canada, G1K 7P4
| | - P. H. McBreen
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, Québec (Qué). Canada, G1K 7P4
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Fournier D, Poirier M, Castonguay M, Truong KD. Mott transition, compressibility divergence, and the P-T phase diagram of layered organic superconductors: an ultrasonic investigation. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:127002. [PMID: 12688894 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.127002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram of the organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Cl has been investigated by ultrasonic velocity measurements under helium gas pressure. Different phase transitions were identified through several elastic anomalies characterized from isobaric and isothermal sweeps. Our data reveal two crossover lines that end on the critical point terminating the first-order Mott transition line. When the critical point is approached along these lines, we observe a dramatic anomaly of the sound velocity which is consistent with a diverging compressibility of the electronic degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fournier
- Centre de Recherche sur les Propriétés Electroniques de Matériaux Avancés and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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Chevallier P, Castonguay M, Turgeon S, Dubrulle N, Mantovani D, McBreen PH, Wittmann JC, Laroche G. Ammonia RF−Plasma on PTFE Surfaces: Chemical Characterization of the Species Created on the Surface by Vapor−Phase Chemical Derivatization. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chevallier
- Quebec Biomaterials Institute, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, (Qc) G1L 3L5, Canada; Department of Materials Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada G1K 7P4; Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada, G1K 7P4; Institut Charles-Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg CEDEX, France; and Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc) G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - M. Castonguay
- Quebec Biomaterials Institute, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, (Qc) G1L 3L5, Canada; Department of Materials Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada G1K 7P4; Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada, G1K 7P4; Institut Charles-Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg CEDEX, France; and Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc) G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - S. Turgeon
- Quebec Biomaterials Institute, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, (Qc) G1L 3L5, Canada; Department of Materials Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada G1K 7P4; Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada, G1K 7P4; Institut Charles-Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg CEDEX, France; and Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc) G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - N. Dubrulle
- Quebec Biomaterials Institute, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, (Qc) G1L 3L5, Canada; Department of Materials Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada G1K 7P4; Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada, G1K 7P4; Institut Charles-Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg CEDEX, France; and Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc) G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - D. Mantovani
- Quebec Biomaterials Institute, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, (Qc) G1L 3L5, Canada; Department of Materials Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada G1K 7P4; Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada, G1K 7P4; Institut Charles-Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg CEDEX, France; and Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc) G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - P. H. McBreen
- Quebec Biomaterials Institute, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, (Qc) G1L 3L5, Canada; Department of Materials Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada G1K 7P4; Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada, G1K 7P4; Institut Charles-Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg CEDEX, France; and Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc) G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - J.-C. Wittmann
- Quebec Biomaterials Institute, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, (Qc) G1L 3L5, Canada; Department of Materials Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada G1K 7P4; Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada, G1K 7P4; Institut Charles-Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg CEDEX, France; and Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc) G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - G. Laroche
- Quebec Biomaterials Institute, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, (Qc) G1L 3L5, Canada; Department of Materials Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada G1K 7P4; Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc), Canada, G1K 7P4; Institut Charles-Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg CEDEX, France; and Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, (Qc) G1K 7P4, Canada
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Castonguay M, Roy JR, Lavoie S, Adnot A, McBreen PH. Selective C-C bond activation of methyl pyruvate on Ni(111) to yield surface methoxycarbonyl. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:6429-30. [PMID: 11427075 DOI: 10.1021/ja003719f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guidoin R, Marois Y, Douville Y, King MW, Castonguay M, Traoré A, Formichi M, Staxrud LE, Norgren L, Bergeron P, Becquemin JP, Egana JM, Harris PL. First-generation aortic endografts: analysis of explanted Stentor devices from the EUROSTAR Registry. J Endovasc Ther 2000. [PMID: 10821097 DOI: 10.1583/1545-1550(2000)007%3c0105:fgaeao%3e2.3.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the structure and healing characteristics of chronically implanted Stentor endografts that were explanted due to migration, endoleak, thrombosis, or aneurysm expansion. METHODS The devices were harvested following reoperation (n = 5) or autopsy (n = 1) with implantation times ranging from 13 to 53 months. Structural modifications to the metal components were examined using radiography, endoscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Specimens taken from components of the modular stent-grafts were examined histologically and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess healing behavior. Physical and chemical stability of the nitinol wires and woven polyester graft material was evaluated using SEM and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. RESULTS Although the endografts were retrieved for a variety of reasons, they exhibited similar healing and structural modifications. The woven polyester sleeve showed evidence of yarn shifting and distortion, yarn damage, and filament breakage leading to the formation of openings in the fabric. The luminal surface endografts showed incomplete healing characterized by a poorly organized, nonadherent thrombotic matrix of variable thickness. Radiographic and endoscopic observations indicated that structural failure of the grafts, particularly in the main aortic component, was related to severe compaction and dislocation of the metallic frame due to suture breaks. Corrosion marks were observed on some nitinol wires in all devices. Chemical analysis and ion bombardment of the nitinol wires revealed that the surface concentrations of titanium and nickel were not homogenous. The first layer was composed of carbon or organic elements, followed by a stratum of highly oxidized titanium with a low nickel concentration; the titanium-nickel alloy lay beneath these layers. CONCLUSIONS Although the materials selected for construction of endovascular grafts appears judicious, the assembly of these biomaterials into various interrelated structures within the device requires further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guidoin
- Department of Surgery, Laval University, and Québec Biomaterials Institute, CHUQ, Québec City, Canada.
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Guidoin R, Marois Y, Douville Y, King MW, Castonguay M, Traoré A, Formichi M, Staxrud LE, Norgren L, Bergeron P, Becquemin JP, Egana JM, Harris PL. First-generation aortic endografts: analysis of explanted Stentor devices from the EUROSTAR Registry. J Endovasc Ther 2000; 7:105-22. [PMID: 10821097 DOI: 10.1177/152660280000700205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the structure and healing characteristics of chronically implanted Stentor endografts that were explanted due to migration, endoleak, thrombosis, or aneurysm expansion. METHODS The devices were harvested following reoperation (n = 5) or autopsy (n = 1) with implantation times ranging from 13 to 53 months. Structural modifications to the metal components were examined using radiography, endoscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Specimens taken from components of the modular stent-grafts were examined histologically and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess healing behavior. Physical and chemical stability of the nitinol wires and woven polyester graft material was evaluated using SEM and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. RESULTS Although the endografts were retrieved for a variety of reasons, they exhibited similar healing and structural modifications. The woven polyester sleeve showed evidence of yarn shifting and distortion, yarn damage, and filament breakage leading to the formation of openings in the fabric. The luminal surface endografts showed incomplete healing characterized by a poorly organized, nonadherent thrombotic matrix of variable thickness. Radiographic and endoscopic observations indicated that structural failure of the grafts, particularly in the main aortic component, was related to severe compaction and dislocation of the metallic frame due to suture breaks. Corrosion marks were observed on some nitinol wires in all devices. Chemical analysis and ion bombardment of the nitinol wires revealed that the surface concentrations of titanium and nickel were not homogenous. The first layer was composed of carbon or organic elements, followed by a stratum of highly oxidized titanium with a low nickel concentration; the titanium-nickel alloy lay beneath these layers. CONCLUSIONS Although the materials selected for construction of endovascular grafts appears judicious, the assembly of these biomaterials into various interrelated structures within the device requires further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guidoin
- Department of Surgery, Laval University, and Québec Biomaterials Institute, CHUQ, Québec City, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Castonguay
- Contribution from the Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada G1K7P4, and Centre de Recherche en Calcul Appliqué (CERCA) 5160, Boul. Décarie, Bureau 414, Montréal, (Québec), Canada H3X2H9
| | - J. -R. Roy
- Contribution from the Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada G1K7P4, and Centre de Recherche en Calcul Appliqué (CERCA) 5160, Boul. Décarie, Bureau 414, Montréal, (Québec), Canada H3X2H9
| | - A. Rochefort
- Contribution from the Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada G1K7P4, and Centre de Recherche en Calcul Appliqué (CERCA) 5160, Boul. Décarie, Bureau 414, Montréal, (Québec), Canada H3X2H9
| | - P. H. McBreen
- Contribution from the Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada G1K7P4, and Centre de Recherche en Calcul Appliqué (CERCA) 5160, Boul. Décarie, Bureau 414, Montréal, (Québec), Canada H3X2H9
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Holz GG, Leech CA, Heller RS, Castonguay M, Habener JF. cAMP-dependent mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores by activation of ryanodine receptors in pancreatic beta-cells. A Ca2+ signaling system stimulated by the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-37). J Biol Chem 1999; 274:14147-56. [PMID: 10318832 PMCID: PMC3508791 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.20.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinally derived insulinotropic hormone currently under investigation for use as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In vitro studies of pancreatic islets of Langerhans demonstrated that GLP-1 interacts with specific beta-cell G protein-coupled receptors, thereby facilitating insulin exocytosis by raising intracellular levels of cAMP and Ca2+. Here we report that the stimulatory influence of GLP-1 on Ca2+ signaling results, in part, from cAMP-dependent mobilization of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores. Studies of human, rat, and mouse beta-cells demonstrate that the binding of a fluorescent derivative of ryanodine (BODIPY FL-X ryanodine) to its receptors is specific, reversible, and of high affinity. Rat islets and BTC3 insulinoma cells are shown by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses to express mRNA corresponding to the type 2 isoform of ryanodine receptor-intracellular Ca2+ release channel (RYR2). Single-cell measurements of [Ca2+]i using primary cultures of rat and human beta-cells indicate that GLP-1 facilitates Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR), whereby mobilization of Ca2+ stores is triggered by influx of Ca2+ through L-type Ca2+ channels. In these cells, GLP-1 is shown to interact with metabolism of D-glucose to produce a fast transient increase of [Ca2+]i. This effect is reproduced by 8-Br-cAMP, but is blocked by a GLP-1 receptor antagonist (exendin-(9-39)), a cAMP antagonist ((Rp)-cAMPS), an L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist (nimodipine), an antagonist of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (thapsigargin), or by ryanodine. Characterization of the CICR mechanism by voltage clamp analysis also demonstrates a stimulation of Ca2+ release by caffeine. These findings provide new support for a model of beta-cell signal transduction whereby GLP-1 promotes CICR by sensitizing intracellular Ca2+ release channels to the stimulatory influence of cytosolic Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Holz
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Wang J, Castonguay M, Roy JR, Zahidi E, McBreen PH. Gauche-Trans Conformational Changes in Ethyl Formate Chemisorbed on Ni(111): Coverage-Dependent RAIRS Spectra. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983601+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Doyon J, Gaudreau D, Laforce R, Castonguay M, Bédard PJ, Bédard F, Bouchard JP. Role of the striatum, cerebellum, and frontal lobes in the learning of a visuomotor sequence. Brain Cogn 1997; 34:218-45. [PMID: 9220087 DOI: 10.1006/brcg.1997.0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the role of the striatum, cerebellum, and frontal lobes in the implicit learning of a visuomotor sequence. The performance of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), with damage to the cerebellum, or with a circumscribed lesion to the frontal lobes was thus compared to that of separate groups of matched normal control subjects on an adapted version of the Repeated Sequence Test. This paradigm consists of a visual reaction-time task with a fixed embedded sequence of finger movements to be performed based on presentation of visual stimuli. Subjects received four blocks of trials (i.e., 40 presentations of a 10-item sequence) per day over 6 training days. Following the last experimental session, subjects were also given two tests measuring their declarative knowledge of the sequence. Only PD patients with a bilateral striatal-dysfunction or patients with lesions to the cerebellum failed to improve their performance in the last three training sessions, hence suggesting an impairment late in the acquisition process. Further analyses revealed that such impairment was mainly implicit in nature, and that it could not be ascribed to a general decline in cognitive functioning, to mood disturbances, or to the severity of the motor symptoms. By contrast, the level of declarative knowledge of the sequence did not differ between the three clinical groups and their respective groups of normal subjects. These findings suggest that, unlike declarative memory, the incremental acquisition of a new visuomotor skill depends upon the integrity of both the striatum and the cerebellum, but not of the frontal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Doyon
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada.
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Duclos P, Arruda H, Dessau JC, Dion R, Dupont M, Gaulin C, Grenier JL, Savard M, Trudeau G, Douville-Fradet M, Beauséjour D, Bergeron A, Bergeron JP, Castonguay M, Clermont P, Cloutier J, Côté L, Czyziw E, Dubuc M, D'Halewyn MA, Fortin A, Frigon M, Gélinas M, Kirouac I, Venne S. Immunization survey of non-institutionalized adults--Quebec (as of May 30, 1996). Can Commun Dis Rep 1996; 22:177-81. [PMID: 8972960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Jandl S, Poirier M, Castonguay M, Fronzes P, Musfeldt JL, Revcolevschi A, Dhalenne G. Phonons in pure and doped CuGeO3 spin-Peierls crystals: Raman and ultrasonic studies. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:7318-7322. [PMID: 9984353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Poirier M, Castonguay M, Revcolevschi A, Dhalenne G. Magnetoelastic coupling and order parameter in the spin-Peierls system CuGeO3. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:16058-16065. [PMID: 9980989 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Poirier M, Beaudry R, Castonguay M, Plumer ML, Quirion G, Razavi FS, Revcolevschi A, Dhalenne G. Doping effects on the magnetic phase diagram of the spin-Peierls system CuGe1-xSixO3. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:R6971-R6974. [PMID: 9979727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.r6971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Poirier M, Castonguay M, Revcolevschi A, Dhalenne G. Ultrasonic study of the magnetic phase diagram of the spin-Peierls system CuGeO3. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:6147-6150. [PMID: 9979542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.6147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
Excessive fragmentary myoclonus during sleep consists of high amounts of brief twitch-like movements occurring asynchronously and asymmetrically in different body areas and has been reported to occur in association with a number of sleep disorders. It was analyzed using a new technique of quantification, the fragmentary myoclonus index (FMI). The FMI exhibited high rates in all stages of sleep but with a somewhat lower frequency in slow wave sleep explaining, as well, a significantly lower rate in the first hour after onset compared to later hours. There was no evidence for greater sleep fragmentation or lighter sleep compared to a matched patient group in whom it had not been noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lins
- Ottawa General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Quirion G, Poirier M, Castonguay M, Liou KK, Hoffman BM. Transport and microwave properties of the metal-spine conductor Co(phthalocyaninato)I. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:2831-2834. [PMID: 9995771 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
Lesions of cholinergic neurons have been found by many investigators to impair choice accuracy in the radial arm maze. Because muscarinic receptor blockers, such as scopolamine, have also repeatedly been found to impair choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze, it has generally been thought that the critical effect of cholinergic lesions is the deafferentation of muscarinic receptors. The possible involvement of nicotinic receptors in the cholinergic bases of cognitive performance in the radial-arm maze has not been as well investigated. The present study examined the effects of the blockade of nicotinic receptors on performance of female Sprague-Dawley rats in the radial-arm maze. Acute administration of the the nicotinic receptor blocker, mecamylamine (10 mg/kg) was found to significantly impair radial-arm maze choice accuracy. This dose also caused a significant increase in response latency in the maze. The effect on choice behavior but not locomotor speed seemed to be due to the central effects of mecamylamine, because administration of the peripheral nicotine receptor blocker, hexamethonium (20 mg/kg), did not impair choice accuracy, even though it did increase response latency to a similar degree as the 10-mg/kg dose of mecamylamine. Lower doses of mecamylamine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) did not impair choice accuracy. These results indicate that central nicotinic as well as muscarinic cholinergic receptors are involved with cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Levin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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Larsen PR, Bavli SZ, Castonguay M, Jove R. Direct radioimmunoassay of nuclear 3,5,3' triiodothyronine in rat anterior pituitary. J Clin Invest 1980; 65:675-81. [PMID: 7354134 PMCID: PMC371409 DOI: 10.1172/jci109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous tracer studies have suggested that 5'-monodeiodination of l-thyroxine (T(4)) in anterior pituitary may contribute a substantial portion of specifically bound nuclear 3,5,3' l-triiodothyronine (T(3)) in this tissue in rats. To evaluate this possibility, a radioimmunoassay for nuclear T(3) in individual anterior pituitaries was developed. Animals received [(125)I]T(3) 60 min before removal of the anterior pituitary and isolation of the nuclei by differential centrifugation. This allowed calculation of the nuclear:serum T(3) ratio and comparison of expected with measured T(3). T(3) was extracted in ethanol, dried, and reconstituted in assay buffer. In untreated hypothyroid rats, anterior pituitary nuclear T(3) was 0.18 +/- 0.06 pg/mug DNA which was 0.13 pg/mug DNA greater than expected from the serum T(3) concentration and the pituitary nuclear:serum [(125)I]T(3) ratio. In 10 hypothyroid rats given a single bolus of 400 ng T(3)/100 g body wt., the nuclear T(3) by radioimmunoassay was 1.0 +/- 0.06 pg/mug DNA, whereas that expected from the T(3) specific activity calculations was 0.85 pg/mug DNA (P < 0.025). Serum T(4) concentrations in these rats were < 0.25 mug/dl but the nuclear T(3) derived from as little as 0.2 mug/dl T(4) could explain a large portion of these small discrepancies between observed and measured nuclear T(3). In 29 normal rats, anterior pituitary nuclear T(3) was 0.63+/-0.04 pg/mug DNA, whereas that expected from the serum T(3) concentration (55+/-2 ng/dl) was 0.23+/-0.02 pg/mug DNA (P < 0.001). Total pituitary T(3) based on this measurement was 92+/-6 pg. Because the maximal nuclear binding capacity for T(3) in rat anterior pituitary is 0.77 pg/mug DNA, these results suggest there is 82% occupancy of these nuclear receptors. The requirement for normal serum concentrations of both T(4) and T(3) to achieve normal nuclear T(3) saturation in anterior pituitary is in marked contrast to the situation in liver, kidney, and heart muscle which appear to require only a normal serum T(3). As a consequence, the anterior pituitary can monitor both serum T(4) and T(3) and respond appropriately to changes in their concentrations.
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