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Rossi B, Dusi S, Angelini G, Bani A, Lopez N, Della Bianca V, Pietronigro EC, Zenaro E, Zocco C, Constantin G. Alpha4 beta7 integrin controls Th17 cell trafficking in the spinal cord leptomeninges during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1071553. [PMID: 37143680 PMCID: PMC10151683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Th1 and Th17 cell migration into the central nervous system (CNS) is a fundamental process in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Particularly, leptomeningeal vessels of the subarachnoid space (SAS) constitute a central route for T cell entry into the CNS during EAE. Once migrated into the SAS, T cells show an active motility behavior, which is a prerequisite for cell-cell communication, in situ reactivation and neuroinflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms selectively controlling Th1 and Th17 cell trafficking in the inflamed leptomeninges are not well understood. By using epifluorescence intravital microscopy, we obtained results showing that myelin-specific Th1 and Th17 cells have different intravascular adhesion capacity depending on the disease phase, with Th17 cells being more adhesive at disease peak. Inhibition of αLβ2 integrin selectively blocked Th1 cell adhesion, but had no effect on Th17 rolling and arrest capacity during all disease phases, suggesting that distinct adhesion mechanisms control the migration of key T cell populations involved in EAE induction. Blockade of α4 integrins affected myelin-specific Th1 cell rolling and arrest, but only selectively altered intravascular arrest of Th17 cells. Notably, selective α4β7 integrin blockade inhibited Th17 cell arrest without interfering with intravascular Th1 cell adhesion, suggesting that α4β7 integrin is predominantly involved in Th17 cell migration into the inflamed leptomeninges in EAE mice. Two-photon microscopy experiments showed that blockade of α4 integrin chain or α4β7 integrin selectively inhibited the locomotion of extravasated antigen-specific Th17 cells in the SAS, but had no effect on Th1 cell intratissue dynamics, further pointing to α4β7 integrin as key molecule in Th17 cell trafficking during EAE development. Finally, therapeutic inhibition of α4β7 integrin at disease onset by intrathecal injection of a blocking antibody attenuated clinical severity and reduced neuroinflammation, further demonstrating a crucial role for α4β7 integrin in driving Th17 cell-mediated disease pathogenesis. Altogether, our data suggest that a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling myelin-specific Th1 and Th17 cell trafficking during EAE delevopment may help to identify new therapeutic strategies for CNS inflammatory and demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Barbara Rossi, ; Gabriela Constantin,
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zocco
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Barbara Rossi, ; Gabriela Constantin,
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Dusi S, Angiari S, Pietronigro EC, Lopez N, Angelini G, Zenaro E, Della Bianca V, Tosadori G, Paris F, Amoruso A, Carlucci T, Constantin G, Rossi B. LFA-1 Controls Th1 and Th17 Motility Behavior in the Inflamed Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2436. [PMID: 31681316 PMCID: PMC6813462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is a key event during autoimmune and inflammatory responses. The subarachnoid space (SAS) and cerebrospinal fluid are major routes for the migration of encephalitogenic T cells into the central nervous system (CNS) during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, and are sites of T cell activation before the invasion of CNS parenchyma. In particular, autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cell trafficking and reactivation in the CNS are required for the pathogenesis of EAE. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling T cell dynamics during EAE are unclear. We used two-photon laser microscopy to show that autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells display distinct motility behavior within the SAS in the spinal cords of mice immunized with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide MOG35−55. Th1 cells showed a strong directional bias at the disease peak, moving in a straight line and covering long distances, whereas Th17 cells exhibited more constrained motility. The dynamics of both Th1 and Th17 cells were strongly affected by blocking the integrin LFA-1, which interfered with the deformability and biomechanics of Th1 but not Th17 cells. The intrathecal injection of a blocking anti-LFA-1 antibody at the onset of disease significantly inhibited EAE progression and also strongly reduced neuro-inflammation in the immunized mice. Our results show that LFA-1 plays a pivotal role in T cell motility during EAE and suggest that interfering with the molecular mechanisms controlling T cell motility can help to reduce the pathogenic potential of autoreactive lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dusi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Angiari
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Angelini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorina Della Bianca
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tosadori
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Paris
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Amoruso
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tommaso Carlucci
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Constantin G, Zenaro E, Angiari S, Pietronigro EC, Della Bianca V, Nagarajan R, Piacentino G, Arioli J, Iannoto G, Bonani M. [O1–14–01]: TIM‐1 CONTROLS NEUTROPHIL TRAFFICKING AND CONTRIBUTES TO THE INDUCTION OF COGNITIVE DECLINE AND NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN ANIMAL MODELS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Constantin G, Della Bianca V, Pietronigro EC, Zenaro E, Piacentino G, Nagarajan R, Toffali L, Mirenda M, Bauer J. [P1–205]: TREATMENT WITH CALCIUM DOBESILATE REDUCES NEUROINFLAMMATION AND IMPROVES COGNITION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Constantin G, Pietronigro EC, Della Bianca V, Zenaro E, Nagarajan R, Bonani M, Iannoto G, Thompson P. [P2–063]: INHIBITION OF PROTEIN ARGININE DEIMINASES IMPROVES COGNITION AND REDUCES NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MOUSE MODELS OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. Its neuropathological features include amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and the loss of neurons and synapses. Neuroinflammation is a well-established feature of AD pathogenesis, and a better understanding of its mechanisms could facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches. Recent studies in transgenic mouse models of AD have shown that neutrophils adhere to blood vessels and migrate inside the parenchyma. Moreover, studies in human AD subjects have also shown that neutrophils adhere and spread inside brain vessels and invade the parenchyma, suggesting these cells play a role in AD pathogenesis. Indeed, neutrophil depletion and the therapeutic inhibition of neutrophil trafficking, achieved by blocking LFA-1 integrin in AD mouse models, significantly reduced memory loss and the neuropathological features of AD. We observed that neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) inside blood vessels and in the parenchyma of AD mice, potentially harming the blood–brain barrier and neural cells. Furthermore, confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of NETs inside the cortical vessels and parenchyma of subjects with AD, providing more evidence that neutrophils and NETs play a role in AD-related tissue destruction. The discovery of NETs inside the AD brain suggests that these formations may exacerbate neuro-inflammatory processes, promoting vascular and parenchymal damage during AD. The inhibition of NET formation has achieved therapeutic benefits in several models of chronic inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases affecting the brain. Therefore, the targeting of NETs may delay AD pathogenesis and offer a novel approach for the treatment of this increasingly prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vittorina Della Bianca
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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Della Bianca V, Zenaro E, Piacentino G, Pietronigro EC, Dusi S, Carlucci T, Laudanna C, Constantin G. P3‐113: LFA‐1 Integrin Mediates Neutrophil Trafficking in the Brain And Contributes to Disease Pathology in Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Piacentino G, Della Bianca V, Zenaro E, Pietronigro EC, Carlucci T, Dusi S, Constantin G. P2‐126: Blockade of ALPHA4 Integrins Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuropathological Changes in Transgenic Animals with Alzheimer's‐Like Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zenaro E, Pietronigro E, Della Bianca V, Piacentino G, Marongiu L, Budui S, Turano E, Rossi B, Angiari S, Dusi S, Montresor A, Carlucci T, Nanì S, Tosadori G, Calciano L, Catalucci D, Berton G, Bonetti B, Constantin G. Neutrophils promote Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline via LFA-1 integrin. Nat Med 2015. [PMID: 26214837 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and innate immune cells have been shown to contribute to disease pathogenesis. In two transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (5xFAD and 3xTg-AD mice), neutrophils extravasated and were present in areas with amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits, where they released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and IL-17. Aβ42 peptide triggered the LFA-1 integrin high-affinity state and rapid neutrophil adhesion to integrin ligands. In vivo, LFA-1 integrin controlled neutrophil extravasation into the CNS and intraparenchymal motility. In transgenic Alzheimer's disease models, neutrophil depletion or inhibition of neutrophil trafficking via LFA-1 blockade reduced Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology and improved memory in mice already showing cognitive dysfunction. Temporary depletion of neutrophils for 1 month at early stages of disease led to sustained improvements in memory. Transgenic Alzheimer's disease model mice lacking LFA-1 were protected from cognitive decline and had reduced gliosis. In humans with Alzheimer's disease, neutrophils adhered to and spread inside brain venules and were present in the parenchyma, along with NETs. Our results demonstrate that neutrophils contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognitive impairment and suggest that the inhibition of neutrophil trafficking may be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zenaro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Pietronigro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gennj Piacentino
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Budui
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ermanna Turano
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Neurology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Angiari
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessio Montresor
- 1] Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. [2] The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tommaso Carlucci
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Nanì
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tosadori
- 1] Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. [2] The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Berton
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Bonetti
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Neurology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- 1] Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. [2] The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Constantin G, Pietronigro EC, Zenaro E, Piacentino G, Della Bianca V, Rossi MG, Laudanna C. O1‐11‐04: Targeting leukocyte integrins has therapeutic effect in Alzheimer's‐like disease. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Angiari S, Donnarumma T, Rossi B, Dusi S, Pietronigro E, Zenaro E, Della Bianca V, Piacentino G, Rennert P, Xiao S, Casasnovas JM, Kuchroo VK, Constantin G. TIM-1 is a novel trafficking receptor controlling T cell recruitment in the CNS and induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zenaro E, Pietronigro E, Bianca VD, Piacentino G, Montresor A, Turano E, Bonetti B, Constantin G. Neutrophils induce Alzheimer's-like disease via LFA-1-integrin and neutrophil extracellular traps. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Angiari S, Donnarumma T, Rossi B, Dusi S, Pietronigro E, Zenaro E, Della Bianca V, Toffali L, Piacentino G, Budui S, Rennert P, Xiao S, Laudanna C, Casasnovas JM, Kuchroo VK, Constantin G. TIM-1 glycoprotein binds the adhesion receptor P-selectin and mediates T cell trafficking during inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunity 2014; 40:542-53. [PMID: 24703780 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selectins play a central role in leukocyte trafficking by mediating tethering and rolling on vascular surfaces. Here we have reported that T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is a P-selectin ligand. We have shown that human and murine TIM-1 binds to P-selectin, and that TIM-1 mediates tethering and rolling of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17, but not Th2 and regulatory T cells on P-selectin. Th1 and Th17 cells lacking the TIM-1 mucin domain showed reduced rolling in thrombin-activated mesenteric venules and inflamed brain microcirculation. Inhibition of TIM-1 had no effect on naive T cell homing, but it reduced T cell recruitment in a skin hypersensitivity model and blocked experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Uniquely, the TIM-1 immunoglobulin variable domain was also required for P-selectin binding. Our data demonstrate that TIM-1 is a major P-selectin ligand with a specialized role in T cell trafficking during inflammatory responses and the induction of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Angiari
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Tiziano Donnarumma
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Pietronigro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorina Della Bianca
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Lara Toffali
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gennj Piacentino
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Budui
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paul Rennert
- Department of Molecular Discovery and Immunobiology, Biogen Idec Inc., 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02146, USA
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM 785, Boston, MA 02115-5817, USA
| | - Carlo Laudanna
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Jose M Casasnovas
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Campus UAM, C/ Darwin, 3, Campus of Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM 785, Boston, MA 02115-5817, USA
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Angiari S, Rossi B, Piccio L, Zinselmeyer BH, Budui S, Zenaro E, Della Bianca V, Bach SD, Scarpini E, Bolomini-Vittori M, Piacentino G, Dusi S, Laudanna C, Cross AH, Miller MJ, Constantin G. Regulatory T cells suppress the late phase of the immune response in lymph nodes through P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. J Immunol 2013; 191:5489-500. [PMID: 24174617 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain tolerance toward self-antigens and suppress autoimmune diseases, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we show that mice deficient for P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) develop a more severe form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis than wild type animals do, suggesting that PSGL-1 has a role in the negative regulation of autoimmunity. We found that Tregs lacking PSGL-1 were unable to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and failed to inhibit T cell proliferation in vivo in the lymph nodes. Using two-photon laser-scanning microscopy in the lymph node, we found that PSGL-1 expression on Tregs had no role in the suppression of early T cell priming after immunization with Ag. Instead, PSGL-1-deficient Tregs lost the ability to modulate T cell movement and failed to inhibit the T cell-dendritic cell contacts and T cell clustering essential for sustained T cell activation during the late phase of the immune response. Notably, PSGL-1 expression on myelin-specific effector T cells had no role in T cell locomotion in the lymph node. Our data show that PSGL-1 represents a previously unknown, phase-specific mechanism for Treg-mediated suppression of the persistence of immune responses and autoimmunity induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Angiari
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Dusi S, Donini M, Lissandrini D, Mazzi P, Bianca VD, Rossi F. Mechanisms of expression of NADPH oxidase components in human cultured monocytes: role of cytokines and transcriptional regulators involved. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:929-38. [PMID: 11241298 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200103)31:3<929::aid-immu929>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human blood monocytes lose their capability to produce microbicidal oxidants during culture. We report that this process is associated with decreased gp91phox, p22phox and p47phox expression, release of PU.1 and CP-1 from gp91phox promoter, and PU.1 from p47phox promoter. However, in presence of IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha, the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production, the p47phox, gp91phox and p22phox expression, and the binding of PU.1 and CP-1 to DNA are maintained at the high levels observed in blood monocytes. To clarify the role of PU.1 in the expression of NADPH oxidase components, oligonucleotides competing for PU.1-DNA binding were added to cultured monocytes. These oligonucleotides abrogated the maintenance of gp91phox and p22phox expression by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, but did not inhibit the effect of these cytokines on p47phox expression and O(2)(-) production. Our results indicate that in monocytes the IFN-gamma- and TNF-alpha-induced expression of gp91phox and p22phox, but not p47phox, requires the binding of PU.1 to gp91phox promoter. However, the preservation of O(2)(-) production by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha is unrelated to their effect on gp91phox and p22phox expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dusi
- Department of Pathology, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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16
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Satin B, Del Giudice G, Della Bianca V, Dusi S, Laudanna C, Tonello F, Kelleher D, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C, Rossi F. The neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) of Helicobacter pylori is a protective antigen and a major virulence factor. J Exp Med 2000; 191:1467-76. [PMID: 10790422 PMCID: PMC2213429 DOI: 10.1084/jem.191.9.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces the appearance of inflammatory infiltrates, consisting mainly of neutrophils and monocytes, in the human gastric mucosa. A bacterial protein with neutrophil activating activity (HP-NAP) has been previously identified, but its role in infection and immune response is still largely unknown. Here, we show that vaccination of mice with HP-NAP induces protection against H. pylori challenge, and that the majority of infected patients produce antibodies specific for HP-NAP, suggesting an important role of this factor in immunity. We also show that HP-NAP is chemotactic for human leukocytes and that it activates their NADPH oxidase to produce reactive oxygen intermediates, as demonstrated by the translocation of its cytosolic subunits to the plasma membrane, and by the lack of activity on chronic granulomatous disease leukocytes. This stimulating effect is strongly potentiated by tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma and is mediated by a rapid increase of the cytosolic calcium concentration. The activation of leukocytes induced by HP-NAP is completely inhibited by pertussis toxin, wortmannin, and PP1. On the basis of these results, we conclude that HP-NAP is a virulence factor important for the H. pylori pathogenic effects at the site of infection and a candidate antigen for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Satin
- Centro Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Biomembrane and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Dusi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Laudanna
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fiorella Tonello
- Centro Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Biomembrane and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Dermot Kelleher
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Centro di Ricerche IRIS, Chiron Vaccines Sp.A., 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Centro Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Biomembrane and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Bianca VD, Dusi S, Bianchini E, Dal Prà I, Rossi F. beta-amyloid activates the O-2 forming NADPH oxidase in microglia, monocytes, and neutrophils. A possible inflammatory mechanism of neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:15493-9. [PMID: 10336441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.22.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of beta-amyloid in the brain is the key pathogenetic event in Alzheimer's disease. Among the various mechanisms proposed to explain the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid deposits, a new one, recently identified in our and other laboratories, suggests that beta-amyloid is indirectly neurotoxic by activating microglia to produce toxic inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, nitric oxide, and oxygen free radicals. Three findings presented here support this mechanism, showing that beta-amyloid peptides (25-35), (1-39), and (1-42) activated the classical NADPH oxidase in rat primary culture of microglial cells and human phagocytes: 1) The exposure of the cells to beta-amyloid peptides stimulates the production of reactive oxygen intermediates; 2) the stimulation is associated with the assembly of the cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase on the plasma membrane, the process that corresponds to the activation of the enzyme; 3) neutrophils and monocytes of chronic granulomatous disease patients do not respond to beta-amyloid peptides with the stimulation of reactive oxygen intermediate production. Data are also presented that the activation of NADPH oxidase requires that beta-amyloid peptides be in fibrillary state, is inhibited by inhibitors of tyrosine kinases or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and is potentiated by interferon-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Bianca
- Institute of General Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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