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Wang LQ, Li JX, Chen XM, Cao XY, Zhang HL, Zheng LL, Ma SJ. Molecular detection and genetic characteristics of porcine circovirus 3 and porcine circovirus 4 in central China. Arch Virol 2024; 169:115. [PMID: 38709425 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are a significant cause of concern for swine health, with four genotypes currently recognized. Two of these, PCV3 and PCV4, have been detected in pigs across all age groups, in both healthy and diseased animals. These viruses have been associated with various clinical manifestations, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and respiratory and enteric signs. In this study, we detected PCV3 and PCV4 in central China between January 2022 and February 2023. We tested fecal swabs and tissue samples from growing-finishing and suckling pigs with or without respiratory and systemic manifestations and found the prevalence of PCV3 to be 15.15% (15/99) and that of PCV3/PCV4 coinfection to be 4.04% (4/99). This relatively low prevalence might be attributed to the fact that most of the clinical samples were collected from pigs exhibiting respiratory signs, with only a few samples having been obtained from pigs with diarrhea. In some cases, PCV2 was also detected, and the coinfection rates of PCV2/3, PCV2/4, and PCV2/3/4 were 6.06% (6/99), 5.05% (5/99), and 3.03% (3/99), respectively. The complete genomic sequences of four PCV3 and two PCV4 isolates were determined. All four of the PCV3 isolates were of subtype PCV3b, and the two PCV4 isolates were of subtype PCV4b. Two mutations (A24V and R27K) were found in antibody recognition domains of PCV3, suggesting that they might be associated with immune escape. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV3 and PCV4 that will be useful in future investigations of genotyping, immunogenicity, and immune evasion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Qing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Life Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Jie Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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MacColl C, Watson JEM, Leseberg NP, Seaton R, Das T, Das S, Raidal SR. Beak and feather disease virus detected in the endangered Red Goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus). Sci Rep 2024; 14:10263. [PMID: 38704425 PMCID: PMC11069563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the first detection and prevalence of Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) in Australia's Red Goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus). This is a new host for this pervasive pathogen amongst a growing list of non-psittacine species including birds of prey from the orders Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, kites), Falconiformes (falcons and caracas), and Strigiformes (owls). The Red Goshawk is the first non-psittacine species listed as Endangered to be diagnosed with BFDV. We report an initial case of infection discovered post-mortem in a dead nestling and subsequent surveillance of birds from across northern Australia. We reveal BFDV prevalence rates in a wild raptor population for the first time, with detections in 25% (n = 7/28) of Red Goshawks sampled. Prevalence appears higher in juveniles compared to adults, although not statistically significant, but is consistent with studies of wild psittacines. BFDV genotypes were associated with the Loriinae (lorikeets, budgerigar, and fig parrots), Cacatuini (Cockatoos), and Polytelini (long-tailed parrots) tribes; species which are preyed upon by Red Goshawks. A positive BFDV status may be associated with lower body mass but small sample sizes precluded robust statistical analysis. We postulate the possible impacts of the virus on Red Goshawks and discuss future research priorities given these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher MacColl
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Research and Recovery of Endangered Species Group, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - James E M Watson
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Research and Recovery of Endangered Species Group, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas P Leseberg
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Research and Recovery of Endangered Species Group, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard Seaton
- Australian Wildlife Conservancy, P.O. Box 8070, Subiaco East, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agriculture, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agriculture, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agriculture, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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Zhang M, Xu W, Yang N, Li Z, Zhou S, Liu X, Wang J, Li H. PCV2 Induced Endothelial Derived IL-8 Affects MoDCs Maturation Mainly via NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Viruses 2024; 16:646. [PMID: 38675986 PMCID: PMC11053600 DOI: 10.3390/v16040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection can cause immunosuppressive diseases in pigs. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs), as the target cells for PCV2, play an important role in the immune response and inflammatory regulation. Endothelial IL-8, which is produced by porcine hip artery endothelial cells (PIECs) infected with PCV2, can inhibit the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Here, we established a co-culture system of MoDCs and different groups of PIECs to further investigate the PCV2-induced endothelial IL-8 signaling pathway that drives the inhibition of MoDC maturation. The differentially expressed genes related to MoDC maturation were mainly enriched in the NF-κB and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways. Both the NF-κB related factor RELA and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway related factors (IL2RA, JAK, STAT2, STAT5, IL23A, IL7, etc.) decreased significantly in the IL-8 up-regulated group, and increased significantly in the down-regulated group. The expression of NF-κB p65 in the IL-8 up-regulated group was reduced significantly, and the expression of IκBα was increased significantly. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was inhibited, while the nuclear translocation of p-STAT3 was increased in MoDCs in the PCV2-induced endothelial IL-8 group. The results of treatment with NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitors showed that the maturation of MoDCs was inhibited and the expression of IL-12 and GM-CSF at mRNA level were lower. Inhibition of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway had no significant effect on maturation, and the expression of IL-12 and GM-CSF at mRNA level produced no significant change. In summary, the NF-κB signaling pathway is the main signaling pathway of MoDC maturation, and is inhibited by the PCV2-induced up-regulation of endothelial-derived IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (W.X.); (N.Y.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Huanrong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (W.X.); (N.Y.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
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Wang D, Hou L, Ji Y, Xie J, Zhao J, Zhu N, Yang X, Zhou J, Cui Y, Guo J, Feng X, Liu J. Ubiquitination-dependent degradation of nucleolin mediated by porcine circovirus type 3 capsid protein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0089423. [PMID: 38032196 PMCID: PMC10734473 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00894-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging pathogen that causes multisystem disease in pigs and poses a severe threat to the swine industry. However, the mechanisms of how PCV3 uses host proteins to regulate its own life cycle are not well understood. In this study, we found that PCV3 capsid protein interacts with nucleolin and degrades it. Degradation of nucleolin by the PCV3 capsid protein requires recruitment of the enzyme RNF34, which is transported to the nucleolus from the cytoplasm in the presence of the PCV3 capsid protein. Nucleolin also decreases PCV3 replication by promoting the release of interferon β. These findings clarify the mechanism by which nucleolin modulates PCV3 replication in cells, thereby facilitating to provide an important strategy for preventing and controlling PCV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Turlewicz-Podbielska H, Augustyniak A, Pomorska-Mól M. Novel Porcine Circoviruses in View of Lessons Learned from Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Epidemiology and Threat to Pigs and Other Species. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020261. [PMID: 35215854 PMCID: PMC8877176 DOI: 10.3390/v14020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) plays a key role in PCV2-associated disease (PCVAD) etiology and has yielded significant losses in the pig husbandry in the last 20 years. However, the impact of two recently described species of porcine circoviruses, PCV3 and PCV4, on the pork industry remains unknown. The presence of PCV3 has been associated with several clinical presentations in pigs. Reproductive failure and multisystemic inflammation have been reported most consistently. The clinical symptoms, anatomopathological changes and interaction with other pathogens during PCV3 infection in pigs indicate that PCV3 might be pathogenic for these animals and can cause economic losses in the swine industry similar to PCV2, which makes PCV3 worth including in the differential list as a cause of clinical disorders in reproductive swine herds. Moreover, subsequent studies indicate interspecies transmission and worldwide spreading of PCV3. To date, research related to PCV3 and PCV4 vaccine design is at early stage, and numerous aspects regarding immune response and virus characteristics remain unknown.
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Xu T, Hou CY, Zhang YH, Li HX, Chen XM, Pan JJ, Chen HY. Simultaneous detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 2 and 4 in Henan province of China. Gene 2022; 808:145991. [PMID: 34626723 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was identified as a novel porcine circovirus in China in 2019. To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCV2 and PCV4, 133 clinical samples (103 tissue samples and 30 serum samples) were collected from 30 different pig farms in Henan province of China, and a SYBR Green I-based duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was established to detect PCV2 and PCV4 genomes simultaneously. The complete genome sequences of 20 PCV2 and 6 PCV4 strains from 19 and 6 clinical samples respectively were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed the detection limits of this assay were 80.2 copies/μL for PCV2 and 58.6 copies/μL for PCV4. The detection results of clinical samples revealed the PCV2 positive rate was 63.16% (84/133), the PCV4 positive rate was 33.33% (45/133), and the PCV2 and PCV4 co-infection positive rate was 21.05% (28/133). Among 20 PCV2 strains, 6 belonged to PCV2a, 6 belonged to PCV2b and 8 belonged to PCV2d. Co-infection with JZ1 (PCV2b) and JZ2 (PCV2d) strains was identified in one sample (JZ-1). Eleven putative recombination events were found through the recombination analysis, suggesting that the new PCV2 variant strains had circulated in Henan province, which contributes to our understanding of evolutionary characteristics of PCV2 in China. The possible genotypes of PCV4 strains were determined based on genomic sequences of 6 PCV4 strains in this study and 29 PCV4 reference strains available at GenBank. According to three different phylogenetic trees (ORF1, ORF2 and complete genome), all 35 PCV4 strains were clustered into two major genotypes (PCV4a and PCV4b), and 6 PCV4 strains in this study belonged to PCV4a. Additionally, the functional regions of PCV4 strains were predicted by comparison with other circoviruses, which are conducive to the further study of the biological functions of PCV4 genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yao Hou
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xuan Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Pan
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Saleh M, Sellyei B, Kovács G, Székely C. Viruses Infecting the European Catfish ( Silurus glanis). Viruses 2021; 13:1865. [PMID: 34578446 PMCID: PMC8473376 DOI: 10.3390/v13091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquaculture, disease management and pathogen control are key for a successful fish farming industry. In past years, European catfish farming has been flourishing. However, devastating fish pathogens including limiting fish viruses are considered a big threat to further expanding of the industry. Even though mainly the ranavirus (Iridoviridea) and circovirus (Circoviridea) infections are considered well- described in European catfish, more other agents including herpes-, rhabdo or papillomaviruses are also observed in the tissues of catfish with or without any symptoms. The etiological role of these viruses has been unclear until now. Hence, there is a requisite for more detailed information about the latter and the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches to complete them. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about viruses that affect the European catfish and describe their origin, distribution, molecular characterisation, and phylogenetic classification. We also highlight the knowledge gaps, which need more in-depth investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Boglárka Sellyei
- Fish Pathology and Parasitology Research Team, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21., 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture (HAKI), Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-liget utca 35., 5540 Szarvas, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Székely
- Fish Pathology and Parasitology Research Team, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21., 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (C.S.)
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Patterson QM, Kraberger S, Martin DP, Shero MR, Beltran RS, Kirkham AL, Aleamotu'a M, Ainley DG, Kim S, Burns JM, Varsani A. Circoviruses and cycloviruses identified in Weddell seal fecal samples from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 95:105070. [PMID: 34481994 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circoviridae is a family of circular single-stranded DNA viruses whose members infect a wide variety of hosts. While well characterized in avian and mammalian hosts, little is known about circoviruses associated with Antarctic animals. From 48 Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) fecal samples collected on the sea ice in McMurdo between Nov 2014 and Dec 2014, we identified and determined the genomes of novel viruses that fall within two genera of the family Circoviridae, i.e. Circovirus (n = 7) and Cyclovirus (n = 45). We named these viruses as werosea circovirus (WerCV) and werosea cyclovirus (WerCyV). The genomes of WerCV and WerCyV share ~63-64% genome-wide pairwise identity with classified circoviruses and cycloviruses, respectively. Based on the species demarcation threshold of 80% for members of the Circoviridae, the genomes of WerCV and WerCyV represent new species in their respective genera. Evidence indicated recombination in five of the 45 WerCyV genomes identified in this study. These are the first circoviruses found associated with Antarctic pinnipeds, adding to those recently identified associated with Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap penguins (P. antarcticus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn M Patterson
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Michelle R Shero
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Amy L Kirkham
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Maketalena Aleamotu'a
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Stacy Kim
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Jennifer M Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
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9
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Zhang W, Fu Z, Yin H, Han Q, Fan W, Wang F, Shang Y. Macrophage Polarization Modulated by Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Facilitates Bacterial Coinfection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688294. [PMID: 34394082 PMCID: PMC8355693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization of macrophages to different functional states is important for mounting responses against pathogen infections. Macrophages are the major target cells of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) leading to immense economic losses in the global swine industry. Clinically, PCV2 is often found to increase risk of other pathogenic infections yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be elusive. Here we found that PCV2 infection skewed macrophages toward a M1 status through reprogramming expression of a subset of M1-associated genes and M2-associated genes. Mechanistically, induction of M1-associated genes by PCV2 infection is dependent on activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways whereas suppression of M2-associated genes by PCV2 is via inhibiting expression of jumonji domain containing-3 (JMJD3), a histone 3 Lys27 (H3K27) demethylase that regulates M2 activation of macrophages. Finally, we identified that PCV2 capsid protein (Cap) directly inhibits JMJD3 transcription to restrain expression of interferon regulatory factor (IRF4) that controls M2 macrophage polarization. Consequently, sustained infection of PCV2 facilitates bacterial infection in vitro. In summary, these findings showed that PCV2 infection functionally modulated M1 macrophage polarization via targeting canonical signals and epigenetic histone modification, which contributes to bacterial coinfection and virial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhendong Fu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qingbing Han
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Institute of Immunology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yingli Shang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Institute of Immunology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Shi J, Zheng S, Wu X, Peng Z, Li C, Wang S, Xin C, Xu S, Li J. Efficient influence of ssDNA virus PCV2 replication by CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of the viral genome. Mol Immunol 2021; 133:63-66. [PMID: 33631556 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a ubiquitous pathogen that primary cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), had caused significant morbidity and mortality in swine populations with huge economic losses in the worldwide swine industry. Currently, looking for effective antiviral drugs for PCV2 infection remains an important works. In our study, CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to further detected the key sites of PCV2 replication. We designed 8 single guide RNAs (sgRNA) by targeting essential genes across the genome of PCV2. Western-blot(WB), Cell counting kit-8 for high-throughput sgRNA screening were applied to detect PCV2 replication levels. The results showed that Oc8, O13, O134, NQT and NPS sgRNAs can edit the PCV2 genome efficiently and inhibit PCV2 replication in PK-15 cell; H3 sgRNA cannot edit the PCV2 genome successfully; NAT sgRNA can edit the PCV2 genome efficiently to improve the PCV2 replication in PK-15 cell; O26 sgRNA can edit the PCV2 genome successfully but it is not known yet of its effect on PCV2 replication, besides the Cas9 expression had no effect on cell viability. These data suggest that CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting PCV2 essential genes may serve as a novel therapeutic agent against PCV2 infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Shi
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuxuan Zheng
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Medical Microbiology, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chen Li
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Changxun Xin
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Shaojian Xu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China; Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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11
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Do DT, Tran KDV, Quach AT, Lee D, Chang FC, Wu CP, Tat TN, Chae C. A comparative efficacy test of 1 versus 2 doses of CIRCOQ PCV2 subunit vaccine against naturally occurring PCV2-type d in piglets with high maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) on a Vietnamese swine farm. Can J Vet Res 2021; 85:93-100. [PMID: 33883815 PMCID: PMC7995537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of the CIRCOQ porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) subunit vaccine in piglets with high maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) against disease caused by natural infection with PCV2d. A total of 130 weaned, 21-day-old healthy pigs was allocated into 3 trial groups. The signs of respiratory disorder were higher in unvaccinated pigs than in vaccinated pigs at 13 to 17 weeks old (P < 0.05), 18 to 22 weeks old (P < 0.001), and 23 to 27 weeks old (P < 0.01). The unvaccinated pigs had an early rate of dermatitis at 8 to 12 weeks old (10.0%), 13 to 17 weeks old (30.0%), 18 to 22 weeks old (46.7%), and 23 to 27 weeks old (33.3%), while there were no cases of dermatitis in vaccinated pigs. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the mortality of pigs in the unvaccinated group and the 2-dosed vaccinated group. PCV2 viremia was detected in the blood and peaked at 105 days old in both unvaccinated pigs (Ct-adj = 8.40) and pigs vaccinated with 1 dose (Ct-adj = 6.37), while no detectable PCV2 virus was found in the blood of pigs vaccinated with 2 doses. At 77 and 105 days old, the PCV2 viremia load (Ct-adj) of unvaccinated pigs and those vaccinated with 1 dose was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the 2-dosed vaccinated pigs. The body weight (BW), average weight gain (AWG), and average daily gain (ADG) in both groups of vaccinated pigs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of unvaccinated pigs. The study vaccine was significantly efficacious in protecting vaccinated pigs against clinical symptoms, blood viral load, and mortality, as well as improving productivity, compared with unvaccinated pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Tien Do
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Duy, Khanh, Anh, Toan); Reber Genetics, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Lee, Chang, Wu); Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Chae)
| | - Khanh Doan Vinh Tran
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Duy, Khanh, Anh, Toan); Reber Genetics, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Lee, Chang, Wu); Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Chae)
| | - Anh Tuyet Quach
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Duy, Khanh, Anh, Toan); Reber Genetics, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Lee, Chang, Wu); Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Chae)
| | - David Lee
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Duy, Khanh, Anh, Toan); Reber Genetics, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Lee, Chang, Wu); Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Chae)
| | - Frank Cj Chang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Duy, Khanh, Anh, Toan); Reber Genetics, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Lee, Chang, Wu); Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Chae)
| | - Carol Py Wu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Duy, Khanh, Anh, Toan); Reber Genetics, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Lee, Chang, Wu); Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Chae)
| | - Toan Nguyen Tat
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Duy, Khanh, Anh, Toan); Reber Genetics, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Lee, Chang, Wu); Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Chae)
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Duy, Khanh, Anh, Toan); Reber Genetics, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Lee, Chang, Wu); Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Chae)
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12
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Dinh PX, Nguyen MN, Nguyen HT, Tran VH, Tran QD, Dang KH, Vo DT, Le HT, Nguyen NTT, Nguyen TT, Do DT. Porcine circovirus genotypes and their copathogens in pigs with respiratory disease in southern provinces of Vietnam. Arch Virol 2021; 166:403-411. [PMID: 33392818 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and its coinfecting pathogens in pigs with respiratory disease in Vietnam. Samples from 127 clinical cases were obtained from different southern provinces of Vietnam from January 2018 to January 2020 for PCR and sequence analysis. The infection rate of PCV2 was 78.8%, and the major pathogens found in coinfections with PCV2 were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and Haemophilus parasuis. Forty-three PCV2-positive clinical samples were selected for amplification and sequencing of the ORF2 region. Phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 ORF2 showed that five of the sequences belonged to PCV2b (11.6%) and 38 belonged to PCV2d (88.4%), indicating that PCV2d strains were predominant in southern provinces of Vietnam. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences of the PCV2 capsid protein revealed polymorphic sites in the antibody recognition regions. This study demonstrates the prevalence of the PCV2d genotype in southern Vietnam and presents a comprehensive overview of the coinfecting pathogens associated with PCV2 in young pigs with respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phat Xuan Dinh
- Biotechnology Department, Nong Lam University HCMC, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hien The Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Vu Hoang Tran
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vietnam, 39 Le Duan Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Quy Dinh Tran
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vietnam, 39 Le Duan Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Kim Hoang Dang
- Sanphar Vietnam Co. Ltd., 59, Xuan Thuy Street, Thao Dien Ward, District 2, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Dai Tan Vo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hien Thanh Le
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nam Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Toan Tat Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
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Sun N, Zhang H, Sun P, Khan A, Guo J, Zheng X, Sun Y, Fan K, Yin W, Li H. Matrine exhibits antiviral activity in a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected mouse model. Phytomedicine 2020; 77:153289. [PMID: 32771536 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection is very common in swine industry which results in huge economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is used to prevent viral diseases, immunosuppression induced by PRRSV and PCV2 leads to vaccine failure. PURPOSE Our previous results have demonstrated that Matrine possess antiviral activities against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection in vitro. This study aims to establish a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected KM mouse model and evaluate the antiviral activities of Matrine against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. STUDY DESIGN A total of 144 KM mice were randomly divided into six groups with 24 mice in each group, named as: normal control, PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected group (PRRSV/PCV2 group), Ribavirin treatment positive control (Ribavirin control) and Matrine treatment groups (Matrine 40 mg/kg, Matrine 20 mg/kg and Matrine 10 mg/kg). METHODS Except normal control group, all mice in other five groups were inoculated with PRRSV, followed by PCV2 at 2 h later. At 7 days post-infection (dpi), mice in the treatment groups were intraperitoneally administered with various doses of Matrine and Ribavirin, twice a day for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS PRRSV N and PCV2 CAP genes were detected by PCR in multiple tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, thymus and inguinal lymph nodes. The viral load of PCV2 was the highest in liver followed by thymus and spleen. Although PRRSV were detected in most of tissues, but the replication of PRRSV was not significantly increased, as shown by qPCR analysis. Comparing with PCV2 infection alone, PRRSV infection significantly elevated PCV2 replication and exacerbated PCV2 induced interstitial pneumonia. qPCR analysis demonstrated 40 mg/kg Matrine significantly attenuated PCV2 replication in liver and alleviated virus induced interstitial pneumonia, suggesting Matrine could directly inhibit virus replication. In addition, Matrine treatment enhanced peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis at 13 and 16 dpi, and 40 mg/kg of Matrine increased the proliferation activity of lymphocytes. Body weight gain was continuously promoted by administrating Matrine at 10 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Matrine possessed antiviral activities via inhibiting virus replication and regulating immune functions in mice co-infected by PRRSV/PCV2. These data provide new insight into controlling PRRSV and PCV2 infection and support further research for developing Matrine as a new possible veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Zheng
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yaogui Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
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14
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Gu W, Shi Q, Wang L, Zhang J, Yuan G, Chen S, Zuo Y, Fan J. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 3 in part of northern China from 2016 to 2018. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2003-2011. [PMID: 32594321 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a recently identified virus that is associated with reproductive failure, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and multi-systemic inflammation. To investigate the molecular epidemic characteristics and genetic evolution of PCV3 in northern China, a commercial TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR kit was used to detect PCV3 in 435 tissue specimens collected from pigs with various clinical signs from 105 different swine farms in northern China. The results showed that 48 out of 105 (45.7%) farms and 97 out of 435 (22.3%) samples tested positive for PCV3. Of the 97 PCV3-positive samples, 80 (82.5%) tested positive for other pathogens. PCV3 was found more frequently in pigs with reproductive failure than in those with other clinical signs. This study is the first to detect PCV3 in Tianjin. The complete genome sequences of six PCV3 isolates and the capsid (Cap) protein gene sequences of 11 isolates were determined. Based on the predicted amino acids at positions 24 and 27 of the Cap protein and their evolutionary relationships, the 17 PCV3 strains obtained from northern China and 49 reference strains downloaded from the GenBank database were divided into four major groups (3a-3d). An analysis of selection pressure and polymorphism indicated that the PCV3 Cap protein seems to be evolving under balancing selection, that the population is in dynamic equilibrium, and that no population expansion occurred during the study period. Our results provide new information about the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Animal Diseases Control Center of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050053, China
| | - Qiankai Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, USA
| | - Jianlou Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Guangfu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuzhu Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Jinghui Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Tan CY, Opaskornkul K, Thanawongnuwech R, Arshad SS, Hassan L, Ooi PT. First molecular detection and complete sequence analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Peninsular Malaysia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235832. [PMID: 32706778 PMCID: PMC7380639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly emerging virus in the swine industry, first reported recently in 2016. PCV3 assembles into a 2000 bp circular genome; slightly larger than PCV1 (1758-1760 bp), PCV2 (1766-1769 bp) and PCV4 (1770 bp). Apart from being associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), PCV3 has been isolated from pigs with clinical signs of reproductive failures, myocarditis, porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and neurologic disease. Given that PCV3 is increasingly reported in countries including Thailand and U.S. with whom Malaysia shares trade and geographical relationship; and that PCV3 is associated with several clinical presentations that affect productivity, there is a need to study the presence and molecular characteristics of PCV3 in Malaysian swine farms. Twenty-four commercial swine farms, three abattoirs and retail shops in Peninsular Malaysia were sampled using convenience sampling method. A total of 281 samples from 141 pigs, including 49 lung archive samples were tested for PCV3 by conventional PCR. Twenty-eight lung samples from wild boar population in Peninsular Malaysia were also included. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed for maximum likelihood phylogeny relationship and pairwise distances. Results revealed that PCV3 is present in Peninsular Malaysia at a molecular prevalence of 17.02%, with inguinal lymph nodes and lungs showing the highest molecular detection rates of 81.82% and 71.43% respectively. Despite wide reports of PCV3 in healthy animals and wild boars, no positive samples were detected in clinically healthy finishers and wild boar population of this study. PCV3 strain A1 and A2 were present in Malaysia, and Malaysian PCV3 strains were found to be phylogenetically related to Spanish, U.S. and Mexico strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Yee Tan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keerati Opaskornkul
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roongroje Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siti Suri Arshad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Martens JM, Stokes HS, Berg ML, Walder K, Raidal SR, Magrath MJL, Bennett ATD. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) prevalence, load and excretion in seven species of wild caught common Australian parrots. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235406. [PMID: 32609774 PMCID: PMC7329075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens pose a major risk to wild host populations, especially in the face of ongoing biodiversity declines. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) can affect most if not all members of one of the largest and most threatened bird orders world-wide, the Psittaciformes. Signs of disease can be severe and mortality rates high. Its broad host range makes it a risk to threatened species in particular, because infection can occur via spill-over from abundant hosts. Despite these risks, surveillance of BFDV in locally abundant wild host species has been lacking. We used qPCR and haemagglutination assays to investigate BFDV prevalence, load and shedding in seven abundant host species in the wild in south-east Australia: Crimson Rosellas (Platycercus elegans), Eastern Rosellas (Platycercus eximius), Galahs (Eolophus roseicapillus), Sulphur-crested Cockatoos (Cacatua galerita), Blue-winged Parrots (Neophema chrysostoma), Rainbow Lorikeets (Trichoglossus moluccanus) and Red-rumped Parrots (Psephotus haematonotus). We found BFDV infection in clinically normal birds in six of the seven species sampled. We focused our analysis on the four most commonly caught species, namely Crimson Rosellas (BFDV prevalence in blood samples: 41.8%), Sulphur-crested Cockatoos (20.0%), Blue-winged Parrots (11.8%) and Galahs (8.8%). Species, but not sex, was a significant predictor for BFDV prevalence and load. 56.1% of BFDV positive individuals were excreting BFDV antigen into their feathers, indicative of active viral replication with shedding. Being BFDV positive in blood samples predicted shedding in Crimson Rosellas. Our study confirms that BFDV is endemic in our study region, and can inform targeted disease management by providing comparative data on interspecies variation in virus prevalence, load and shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne M. Martens
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Helena S. Stokes
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathew L. Berg
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane R. Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | | | - Andy T. D. Bennett
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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Cho H, Kang I, Oh T, Yang S, Park KH, Min KD, Ham HJ, Chae C. Comparative study of the virulence of 3 major Korean porcine circovirus type 2 genotypes (a, b, and d). Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:235-240. [PMID: 32801460 PMCID: PMC7301680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the virulence of 3 major Korean porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotypes in terms of clinical signs, PCV2 viremia and antibody titers, lymphoid lesions, and PCV2-antigen within lymphoid lesions in experimentally infected pigs. Pigs were infected at 7 weeks with PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d strains and necropsied at 28 days post-infection. No statistical differences were observed in clinical signs, PCV2 viremia and antibody titers, lymphoid lesions scores, and numbers of PCV2 antigens among the 3 major Korean PCV2 genotypes. The results of this study indicate that the 3 major Korean PCV2 genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d, have similar virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Kyung-Duk Min
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Hee Jin Ham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
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Martens JM, Stokes HS, Berg ML, Walder K, Bennett ATD. Seasonal fluctuation of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) infection in wild Crimson Rosellas (Platycercus elegans). Sci Rep 2020; 10:7894. [PMID: 32398741 PMCID: PMC7217931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding patterns of pathogen emergence can help identify mechanisms involved in transmission dynamics. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) poses a major threat world-wide to wild and captive parrots. Yet data from wild birds on seasonal fluctuations in prevalence and infection intensity, and thereby the potential high-risk times for virus transmission, have been lacking. We screened wild Crimson Rosellas (Platycercus elegans) for BFDV in blood and cloacal swabs. Prevalence in blood samples and cloacal swabs, as well as viral load varied with Julian date and in blood, were highest after the breeding season. Breeding birds had lower viral load and lower BFDV prevalence in blood than non-breeding birds (10.1% prevalence in breeding vs. 43.2% in non-breeding birds). BFDV prevalence was much higher in younger (<3 years) than older (≥3 years) birds for both blood samples (42.9% vs. 4.5%) and cloacal swabs (56.4% vs. 12.3%). BFDV status in blood and cloacal samples was not correlated within individuals. We show that, at least in P. elegans, BFDV infection seems to occur year-round, with seasonal changes in prevalence and load found in our samples. Our analyses suggest that the seasonal changes were associated primarily with the breeding season. We also discuss age and sex as important predictors of BFDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne M Martens
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
| | - Helena S Stokes
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Mathew L Berg
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Andrew T D Bennett
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
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19
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Zheng HH, Zhang SJ, Cui JT, Zhang J, Wang L, Liu F, Chen HY. Simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus 3 by SYBR green I-based duplex real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 50:101524. [PMID: 31972226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the SYBR green I-based duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was developed for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3). The assay was used to detect both CSFV and PCV3 in one sample by their distinct melting temperatures (melting peaks at 87°C for CSFV and 81.5 °C for PCV3), and no specific fluorescence signals were detected for other non-targeted porcine pathogens. The assay had a high degree of linearity (R2 > 0.998) with the detection limits of 23 copies/μL for CSFV and 36 copies/μL for PCV3, and exhibited high repeatability and reproducibility with a low coefficient of variation below 2.0% in both intra- and inter-assay. In this study, 130 clinical samples collected from sick pigs in the field were tested by this assay with the positive rates of 9.23% (12/130) for CSFV and 21.54% (28/130) for PCV3 respectively, and the positive rate of CSFV and PCV3 co-infection was 6.92% (9/130). Our results showed that the developed method was a reliable diagnostic tool to monitor and survey CSFV, PCV3 and CSFV/PCV3 co-infection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tao Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Zhang S, Mou C, Cao Y, Zhang E, Yang Q. Immune response in piglets orally immunized with recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:23. [PMID: 32046726 PMCID: PMC7014726 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and is associated with a number of other diseases. PCV2 is widely distributed in most developed swine industries, and is a severe economic burden. With an eye to developing an effective, safe, and convenient vaccine against PCV2-associated diseases, we have constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain (B. subtilis-Cap) that expresses the PCV2 capsid protein (Cap). METHODS Electroporation of a plasmid shuttle vector encoding the PCV2 Cap sequence was use to transform Bacillus subtilis. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate in vitro bone marrow derived dendritic cell (BM-DC) maturation and T cell proliferation induced by B. subtilis-Cap. Orally inoculated piglets were used for in vivo experiments; ELISA and western blotting were used to evaluate B. subtilis-Cap induced PCV2-specific IgA and IgG levels, as well as the secretion of cytokines and the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). RESULTS We evaluated the immune response to B. subtilis-Cap in vitro using mouse BM-DCs and in vivo using neonatal piglets orally inoculated with B. subtilis-Cap. Our results showed that the recombinant B. subtilis-Cap activated BM-DCs, significantly increased co-stimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD80) and major histocompatibility complex II, and induced allogenic T cells proliferation. Piglets immunized with B. subtilis-Cap had elevated levels of PCV2-specific IgA in the mucosal tissues of the digestive and respiratory tract, and PCV2-specific IgG in serum (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Ileal immunocompetent cells, such as the IgA-secreting cells (P < 0.01), intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) (P < 0.01), CD3+ T lymphocytes (P < 0.01) and CD4+ T lymphocytes (P < 0.01) increased significantly in the B. subtilis-Cap immunized piglets. Additionally, B. subtilis-Cap inoculation resulted in increased the expression of TLR2 and TLR9 (P < 0.01), and induced the secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ, and β-defensin 2 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We constructed a prototype PCV2 vaccine that can be administered orally and elicits a more robust humoral and cellular immunity than inactivated PCV2. B. subtilis-Cap is a promising vaccine candidate that is safe, convenient, and inexpensive. Further in vivo research is needed to determine its full range of efficacy in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - En Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
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De Arcangeli S, Balboni A, Kaehler E, Urbani L, Verin R, Battilani M. Genomic Characterization of Canine Circovirus Detected in Red Foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) from Italy using a New Real-Time PCR Assay. J Wildl Dis 2020; 56:239-242. [PMID: 31237820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Data on canine circovirus circulation among red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are limited. We report the detection of canine circovirus in a red fox from Italy. The virus was closely related to strains from dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) rather than those from foxes, suggesting a possible transmission between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano De Arcangeli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Kaehler
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ranieri Verin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, CH64 7TE Neston, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Hou Z, Wang H, Feng Y, Song M, Li Q, Li J. Genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis of Porcine circovirus type 2 in China from 2016 to 2018. Acta Virol 2019; 63:459-468. [PMID: 31802689 DOI: 10.4149/av_2019_413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the essential cause of porcine circovirus (PCV) associated diseases, is a growing problem in swine industry around the world. High nucleotide alteration leads to the constant evolution of PCV2 and outbreak of disease caused by PCV2. In this study, 48 PCV2 strains were isolated in China between 2016 and 2018 and the genetic diversity of these PCV2 isolates was determined. Results showed that these PCV2 isolates were classified into genotypes PCV2a (4 of 48), PCV2b (13 of 48) and PCV2d (31 of 48). Among them, 54.5% isolated in 2016, 65.2% isolated in 2017 and 71.4% isolated in 2018 belonged to PCV2d. It indicated that the prevalence of PCV2d genotype increased. All strains shared 93.4%-100% nucleotide sequence identity for the whole genome. Results of the analysis using RDP 4.0 molecular recombination software showed there were no recombinant events among the 48 PCV2 isolates in this study. Further analysis indicated the presence of higher amino acid residues diversity in important epitopes (43D/G, 115D/G, 134N/T, 165P/T, 169G/R/S, and 210E/G/D) in the predominant genotype PCV2d. Animal tests showed the viral titer of the PCV2d strain LN-3 in sera was higher than that of PCV2b strain HeB-1 at 14 and 21 days post-challenge, however, the differences were not statistically significant. There were also no obvious differences between PCV2d strain LN-3 and PCV2b strain HeB-1 in the amount of PCV2 antigen in lymphoid tissues. On the account of the increasing prevalence of PCV2d genotype, it is necessary to find the cause of PCV2 genotype change, to evaluate the effect of existing commercial vaccines and to develop new vaccines based on PCV2d genotype, if necessary. Keywords: epitope; PCV2d; phylogeny; Porcine circovirus type 2; recombination; genetic diversity.
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23
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Wang T, Du Q, Niu Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wu X, Yang X, Zhao X, Liu SL, Tong D, Huang Y. Cellular p32 Is a Critical Regulator of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Nuclear Egress. J Virol 2019; 93:e00979-19. [PMID: 31511386 PMCID: PMC6854514 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00979-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circoviruses are the smallest DNA viruses known to infect mammalian and avian species. Although circoviruses are known to be associated with a range of clinical diseases, the details of circovirus DNA release still remain unknown. Here, we identified p32 as a key regulator for porcine circoviral nuclear egress. Upon porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, p32 was recruited into the nucleus by the viral capsid (Cap) protein; simultaneously, protein kinase C isoform δ (PKC-δ) was phosphorylated at threonine 505 by phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated signaling at the early stage of infection, which was further amplified by Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling at the late infection phase. p32 functioned as an adaptor to recruit phosphorylated PKC-δ and Cap to the nuclear membrane to phosphorylate lamin A/C, resulting in a rearrangement of nuclear lamina and thus facilitating viral nuclear egress. Consistent with these findings, knockout (KO) of p32 in PCV2-infected cells markedly reduced the phosphorylation of PKC-δ and impeded the recruitment of p-PKC-δ and Cap to the nuclear membrane, hence abolishing the phosphorylation of lamin A/C and the rearrangement of nuclear lamina. As a result, p32 depletion profoundly impaired the production of cell-free viruses during PCV2 infection. We further identified the N-terminal 24RRR26 of Cap to be crucial for binding to p32, and mutation of these three arginine residues significantly weakened the replication and pathogenesis of PCV2 in vivo In summary, our findings highlight a critical role of p32 in the activation and recruitment of PKC-δ to phosphorylate lamin A/C and facilitate porcine circoviral nuclear egress, and they certainly help understanding of the mechanism of PCV2 replication.IMPORTANCE Circovirus infections are highly prevalent in mammalian and avian species. Circoviral capsid protein is the only structural protein of the virion that plays an essential role in viral assembly. However, the machinery of circovirus nuclear egress is currently unknown. In this work, we identified p32 as a key regulator of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) nuclear egress that forms a complex with the viral capsid (Cap) protein to enhance protein kinase C isoform δ (PKC-δ) activity; this resulted in a recruitment of phosphorylated PKC-δ to the nuclear membrane, which further phosphorylates lamin A/C to promote the rearrangement of nuclear lamina and facilitate viral nuclear egress. Notably, we found that the N-terminal 24RRR26 of Cap, a highly conserved motif among circovirus species, was required for interacting with p32, and that mutation of this motif markedly impeded PCV2 nuclear egress. These data indicate that p32 is a critical regulator of PCV2 nuclear egress and reveal the importance of this finding in circovirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingying Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xingchen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - XueFeng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Jiang H, Wei L, Wang D, Wang J, Zhu S, She R, Liu T, Tian J, Quan R, Hou L, Li Z, Chu J, Zhou J, Guo Y, Xi Y, Song H, Yuan F, Liu J. ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals the first proteome profiles of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 3. J Proteomics 2019; 212:103598. [PMID: 31785380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) infection induces porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, and multisystemic inflammatory lesions in piglets and sows. To better understand the host responses to PCV3 infection, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling combined with LC-MS/MS analysis was used for quantitative determination of differentially regulated cellular proteins in the lungs of specific-pathogen-free piglets after 4 weeks of PCV3 infection. Totally, 3429 proteins were detected in three independent mass spectrometry analyses, of which 242 differential cellular proteins were significantly regulated, consisting of 100 upregulated proteins and 142 downregulated proteins in PCV3-infected group relative to control group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these higher or lower abundant proteins involved primarily metabolic processes, innate immune response, MHC-I and MHC-II components, and phagosome pathways. Ten genes encoding differentially regulated proteins were selected for investigation via real-time RT-PCR. The expression levels of six representative proteins, OAS1, Mx1, ISG15, IFIT3, SOD2, and HSP60, were further confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. This study attempted for the first time to investigate the protein profile of PCV3-infected piglets using iTRAQ technology; our findings provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms underlying the host responses to PCV3 infection in piglets. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study identified differentially abundant proteins related to a variety of potential signaling pathways in the lungs of PCV3-infected piglets. These findings provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms of host responses to PCV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping She
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jijing Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyang Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Morandini V, Dugger KM, Ballard G, Elrod M, Schmidt A, Ruoppolo V, Lescroël A, Jongsomjit D, Massaro M, Pennycook J, Kooyman GL, Schmidlin K, Kraberger S, Ainley DG, Varsani A. Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica). Viruses 2019; 11:v11121088. [PMID: 31766719 PMCID: PMC6950389 DOI: 10.3390/v11121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the causes of disease in Antarctic wildlife is crucial, as many of these species are already threatened by environmental changes brought about by climate change. In recent years, Antarctic penguins have been showing signs of an unknown pathology: a feather disorder characterised by missing feathers, resulting in exposed skin. During the 2018-2019 austral summer breeding season at Cape Crozier colony on Ross Island, Antarctica, we observed for the first time an Adélie penguin chick missing down over most of its body. A guano sample was collected from the nest of the featherless chick, and using high-throughput sequencing, we identified a novel circovirus. Using abutting primers, we amplified the full genome, which we cloned and Sanger-sequenced to determine the complete genome of the circovirus. The Adélie penguin guano-associated circovirus genome shares <67% genome-wide nucleotide identity with other circoviruses, representing a new species of circovirus; therefore, we named it penguin circovirus (PenCV). Using the same primer pair, we screened 25 previously collected cloacal swabs taken at Cape Crozier from known-age adult Adélie penguins during the 2014-2015 season, displaying no clinical signs of feather-loss disorder. Three of the 25 samples (12%) were positive for a PenCV, whose genome shared >99% pairwise identity with the one identified in 2018-2019. This is the first report of a circovirus associated with a penguin species. This circovirus could be an etiological agent of the feather-loss disorder in Antarctic penguins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Morandini
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Katie M. Dugger
- US Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Grant Ballard
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Megan Elrod
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Annie Schmidt
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Valeria Ruoppolo
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil;
| | - Amélie Lescroël
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Dennis Jongsomjit
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Melanie Massaro
- School of Environmental Sciences, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury 2678, Australia;
| | - Jean Pennycook
- HT Harvey and Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032, USA; (J.P.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Gerald L. Kooyman
- Scholander Hall, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0204, USA;
| | - Kara Schmidlin
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.)
| | - David G. Ainley
- HT Harvey and Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032, USA; (J.P.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.)
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.V.)
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Mou C, Wang M, Pan S, Chen Z. Identification of Nuclear Localization Signals in the ORF2 Protein of Porcine Circovirus Type 3. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121086. [PMID: 31766638 PMCID: PMC6950156 DOI: 10.3390/v11121086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) contains two major open reading frames (ORFs) and the ORF2 gene encodes the major structural capsid protein. In this study, nuclear localization of ORF2 was demonstrated by fluorescence observation and subcellular fractionation assays in ORF2-transfected PK-15 cells. The subcellular localization of truncated ORF2 indicated that the 38 N-terminal amino acids were responsible for the nuclear localization of ORF2. The truncated and site-directed mutagenesis of this domain were constructed, and the results demonstrated that the basic amino acid residues at positions 8-32 were essential for the strict nuclear localization. The basic motifs 8RRR-R-RRR16 and 16RRRHRRR22 were further shown to be the key functional nucleolar localization signals that guide PCV3 ORF2 into nucleoli. Furthermore, sequence analysis showed that the amino acids of PCV3 nuclear localization signals were highly conserved. Overall, this study provides insight into the biological and functional characteristics of the PCV3 ORF2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Minmin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuonan Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.M.); (S.P.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-182-5274-7459 or +86-514-8979-8271; Fax: 0514-8797-2218
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Liu X, Zhang X, Li X, Ouyang T, Niu G, Ouyang H, Ren L. Genotyping based on complete coding sequences of porcine circovirus type 3 is stable and reliable. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 78:104116. [PMID: 31730824 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly identified virus, which is associated with PDNS-like clinical signs, reproductive failure, cardiac and multiorgan inflammation. However, the genotype of PCV3 is still controversial. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenies of 194 complete coding sequences of PCV3 using five different phylogenetic methods. The results showed five trees reconstructed using different methods displayed similar phylogenies, indicating genotyping based on complete coding sequences of PCV3 is stable and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xue Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guyu Niu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
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Chen Y, Xu Q, Chen H, Luo X, Wu Q, Tan C, Pan Q, Chen JL. Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China. Viruses 2019; 11:E786. [PMID: 31461875 PMCID: PMC6783837 DOI: 10.3390/v11090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of a new circovirus (Porcine Circovirus 3, PCV3) has raised concern because its impact on swine health is not fully known. In Fujian Province in eastern China, even its circulating status and genetic characteristics are unclear. Here, we tested 127 tissue samples from swine from Fujian Province that presented respiratory symptoms. All of the PCV3 positive samples were negative for many other pathogens involved in respiratory diseases like PCV2, PRRSV, and CSFV, suggesting that PCV3 is potentially pathogenic. From phylogenetic analysis, PCV3 strains are divided into two main clades and five sub-clades; PCV3a-1, PCV3a-2, PCV3a-3, PCV3b-1, and PCV3b-2. Our identified strains belong to genotypes PCV3a-1, PCV3a-2, PCV3a-3, and PCV3b-2, indicating a high degree of genetic diversity of PCV3 in Fujian province until 2019. Interestingly, we found the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of PCV3 was dated to the 1950s, and PCV3 has a similar evolutionary rate as PCV2 (the main epidemic genotypes PCV2b and PCV2d). In addition, positive selection sites N56D/S and S77T/N on the capsid gene are located on the PCV3 antigen epitope, indicating that PCV3 is gradually adaptive in swine. In summary, our results provide important insights into the epidemiology of PCV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Quanming Xu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qidong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an immunosuppressive disease that causes great economic loss in poultry industry globally. This disease is caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV), an icosahedral and single-stranded DNA virus that is transmitted both vertically and horizontally. CAV, which belongs to the genus Gyrovirus has been reported in human, mouse and dog feces. Rapid identification of different strains of gyrovirus with high similarity to CAV has heightened public concern on this virus. Clinical symptoms of this disease such as intramuscular hemorrhage, weight loss, anemia and bone marrow aplasia are prominent in young chickens, while adult chickens experience subclinical symptoms. Biosecurity measures such as good management practice and vaccination have been the most reliable control strategy against this virus. Therefore, this study reviews the current state of CAV under the following subheadings (i) Chicken anemia virus (ii) Pathogenesis of CAV (iii) Serological evaluation of host antibodies to CAV (iv) Association of Marek's disease and infectious bursa disease with CAV infection (v) Genetic diversity and phylogenetics of CAV strains (vi) Current and future vaccine strategy in the control of CAV. In conclusion, improvement on DNA and recombinant vaccines strategy could curtail the economic impact of CAV on poultry birds. Keywords: adjuvant; CAV; chicken; disease.
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Li J, Xing G, Zhang C, Yang H, Li G, Wang N, Wang R, Sun H, Shi Z, Lei J, Hu B, Gu J, Zhou J. Cross-species transmission resulted in the emergence and establishment of circovirus in pig. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 75:103973. [PMID: 31330311 PMCID: PMC7129822 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Li
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Xing
- Key laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gairu Li
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Shi
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Lei
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boli Hu
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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31
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Sun W, Wang W, Xin J, Cao L, Zhuang X, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Qin Y, Du Q, Han Z, Lu H, Zheng M, Jin N. An epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus 3 infection in dogs in the Guangxi Province from 2015 to 2017, China. Virus Res 2019; 270:197663. [PMID: 31301332 PMCID: PMC7114628 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was the first seroprevalence and genetic investigation of PCV3 in dogs in the Guangxi province, China. This work is the first in the world to obtain the complete genome of dog PCV3. These PCV3 strains from the Guangxi province help to determine that PCV3 from dog origin and pig origin are from different branches.
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging circovirus species associated with several diseases. The study aimed to investigate the frequency of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) and its coinfection with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) in dogs in the Guangxi province from 2015 to 2017, China, and to examine the genome diversity of PCV3. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing, 96 of 406 (23.6%)samples were positive for PCV3, 38 out of 406 (9.4%) samples were coinfected with both PCV3 and CPV-2. The CPV-positive rate was significantly higher in the PCV3-positive samples than in the non-PCV3 samples, and the difference was extremely significant (P < 0.01). The complete genome (n=4) and ten capsid genes (n=10) of PCV3 were sequenced. Multiple sequence alignment results showed that these sequences shared 98.5–100% nucleotide similarity with the reference genome sequence and 97.5–100% nucleotide similarity with the reference capsid gene sequence. PCV3 was classified into two different genotypes, according to phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome. These strains were clustered in PCV3a, showing a close relationship with PCV3-US/SD2016. Surprisingly, we separately analyzed these PCV3 strains from the Guangxi province and found that the dog and pig PCV3 are from different branches. In summary, this was the first seroprevalence and genetic investigation of PCV3 in dogs in the Guangxi province, China, and the first complete genome PCV3 from dogs obtained in the world. The results provide insights into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this important virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Zhuang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhao Qin
- Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixiao Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
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Wang W, Cao L, Sun W, Xin J, Zheng M, Tian M, Lu H, Jin N. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of novel porcine parvovirus 7 isolates from pigs in Guangxi, China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219560. [PMID: 31291362 PMCID: PMC6619813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect a wide range of animals and humans. In recent years, advances in molecular techniques have resulted in the identification of several novel parvoviruses in swine. In this study, porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) isolates from clinical samples collected in Guangxi, China, were examined to understand their molecular epidemiology and co-infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). In this study, among the 385 pig serum samples, 105 were positive for PPV7, representing a 27.3% positive detection rate. The co-infection rate of PPV7 and PCV2 was 17.4% (67/385). Compared with the reference strains, we noted 93.9%-97.9% similarity in the NS1 gene and 87.4%-95.0% similarity in the cap gene. Interestingly, compared with the reference strains, sixteen of the PPV7 strains in this study contained an additional 3 to 15 nucleotides in the middle of the cap gene. Therefore, the Cap protein of fourteen strains encoded 474 amino acids, and the Cap protein of the other two strains encoded 470 amino acids. However, the Cap protein of the reference strain PPV7 isolate 42 encodes 469 amino acids. This is the first report of sequence variation within the cap gene, confirming an increase in the number of amino acids in the Cap protein of PPV7. Our findings provide new insight into the prevalence of PPV7 in swine in Guangxi, China, as well as sequence data and phylogenetic analysis of these novel PPV7 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
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Xia D, Huang L, Xie Y, Zhang X, Wei Y, Liu D, Zhu H, Bian H, Feng L, Liu C. The prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 in Northeast China from 2015 to 2018. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2435-2449. [PMID: 31273470 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A total of 472 samples from domestic pigs collected in China from 2015 to 2018 were tested for the presence of porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 (PCV2 and PCV3, respectively) by conventional polymerase chain reaction analysis. The prevalence of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV2/3 co-infection was 50.0%, 13.3%, and 6.78%, respectively. The complete genomic sequences of 66 PCV2 isolates and four PCV3 isolates were determined. Based phylogenetic analysis, the PCV2 isolates were assigned to three genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d, representing 13.6% (9/66), 25.8% (17/66), and 60.6% (40/66) of the total, respectively. All four PCV3 isolates shared a high degree of similarity in their complete nucleotide sequences (98.8-99.8% identity) and ORF2 amino acid sequences (98.6-99.5% identity). These results indicate that all three PCV2 genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d) are present on pig farms and that PCV2d has become the predominant genotype. The predicted amino acid sequences of the four PCV3 isolates indicated that PCV3-CN-JL53/PCV3-CN-LN56, PCV3-CN-HLJ3, and PCV3-CN-0710, belonged to the genotypes PCV3a, PCV3b, and PCV3a-IM, respectively. In view of the great harm that PCV2 causes to the pig industry, the epidemic trend of PCV3 should continue to be closely monitored. This study provides information about the prevalence, genetic diversity, and molecular epidemiology of PCV2 and PCV3 in China from 2015 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Xia
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yongxing Xie
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yanwu Wei
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Ji Lin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhu
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Haiqiao Bian
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Li Feng
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Changming Liu
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China.
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34
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Kotsias F, Bucafusco D, Nuñez DA, Lago Borisovsky LA, Rodriguez M, Bratanich AC. Genomic characterization of canine circovirus associated with fatal disease in dogs in South America. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218735. [PMID: 31237902 PMCID: PMC6592543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) was detected, together with canine parvovirus (CPV), in samples from an outbreak of fatal gastroenteritis in dogs in Argentina. We obtained the full-length genome of this recently discovered virus by overlapping PCR, designated strain UBA-Baires. Sequence analysis revealed a highly conserved genome but also showed several unique mutations in amino acids from the capsid protein that have not been previously reported. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this strain is more closely related to European strains than to viruses detected in North America or Asia. Although the pathogenic role of CanineCV in dogs is still unclear, this study highlights the importance of CanineCV as a coinfecting virus in disease development. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the involvement of CanineCV in severe clinical disease in dogs in South America. Our results expand our information on the geographical extent of this virus and contribute to the understanding of its role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Kotsias
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Danilo Bucafusco
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Denise Anabel Nuñez
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Bratanich
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Deim Z, Dencső L, Erdélyi I, Valappil SK, Varga C, Pósa A, Makrai L, Rákhely G. Porcine circovirus type 3 detection in a Hungarian pig farm experiencing reproductive failures. Vet Rec 2019; 185:84. [PMID: 31177090 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) infection has been reported in piglets and sows with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, and cardiac and multisystemic inflammation. Few studies linked PCV3 infection to increased incidence of abortion and weak-born piglets. This is the first report of a detection of PCV3 Hungarian strain in several organs of aborted and weak-born piglets, including the thymus, lymph node, placenta, spleen, kidney and the liver. The tissue tropism of PCV3 in affected litters was analysed using real-time quantitative PCR, and the result showed the highest load of viral DNA in the thymus and lymph nodes. The ORF2 of Hungarian PCV3 strains was 524 nucleotides in length, and the sequence identity to GenBank sequences ranged from 98.5 per cent to 99.2 per cent. The results suggest that PCV3 may have a relevant role in reproductive failure in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Deim
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Dencső
- Department of Biotechnology, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Erdélyi
- Pathology, Allatorvostudomanyi Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Allatorvostudomanyi Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
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Liu J, Ma C, Zhang X, You J, Dong M, Chen L, Jiang P, Yun S. Molecular detection of Hsp90 inhibitor suppressing PCV2 replication in host cells. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:51-58. [PMID: 31028862 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) is a pathogen that has the ability to cause devastating disease manifestations in pig populations with major economic implications. Our previous research found that Hsp90 is required for PCV2 production in PK-15 and 3D4/31 cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hsp90 inhibitor regulating PCV2 replication and to explore its underlying mechanism. In PK-15 and 3D4/31 cells treated with 17-AAG after viral adsorption, replication of PCV2 was attenuated as assessed by quantitating the expression of viral protein. Following NF-κB activation it was observed that 24hpi with PCV2 was significantly inhibited in the presence of 17-AAG. The expression of Hsp90 associated client proteins in PCV2-infected cells were also reduced in the presence of 17-AAG. However, treatment with MG-132 failed to rescue 17-AAG mediated reduction of PCV2 production in host cells. Thus, Hsp90 regulates PCV2 by modulating cellular signaling proteins. These results highlight the importance of cellular proteins during PCV2 infection and the possibility of targeting cellular chaperones for developing new anti-rotaviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Chang Ma
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Jinwei You
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shifeng Yun
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
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Liu G, Wang Y, Jiang S, Sui M, Wang C, Kang L, Sun Y, Jiang Y. Suppression of lymphocyte apoptosis in spleen by CXCL13 after porcine circovirus type 2 infection and regulatory mechanism of CXCL13 expression in pigs. Vet Res 2019; 50:17. [PMID: 30819249 PMCID: PMC6394056 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) is one of the most serious infectious diseases in pigs worldwide. The primary causative agent of PCVAD is porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which can cause lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression in pigs. Our previous study demonstrated that Laiwu (LW) pigs, a Chinese indigenous pig breed, have stronger resistance to PCV2 infection than Yorkshire × Landrace (YL) pigs. In this study, we found that the YL pigs showed more severe lymphocyte apoptosis and higher viral load in the spleen tissue than LW pigs. To illustrate the differential gene expression between healthy and infected spleens, transcriptome profiling of spleen tissues from PCV2-infected and control YL pigs was compared by RNA sequencing. A total of 90 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified, including CD207, RSAD2, OAS1, OAS2, MX2, ADRB3, CXCL13, CCR1, and ADRA2C, which were significantly enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms related to the defense response to virus and cell-cell signaling, and another nine DEGs, KLF11, HGF, PTGES3, MAP3K11, XDH, CYCS, ACTC1, HSPH1, and RYR2, which were enriched in GO terms related to regulation of cell proliferation or apoptosis. Among these DEGs, the CXCL13 gene, which can suppress lymphocyte apoptosis during PCV2 infection, was significantly down-regulated in response to PCV2 infection in YL but not in LW pigs. By analysis of the regulatory elements in the promoter and 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of porcine CXCL13, we found that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -1014 G (LW) > A (YL) and the Sus scrofa microRNA-296-5p (ssc-miR-296-5p) participated in regulating CXCL13 expression during the response to PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Minmin Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Changying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Li Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
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Saraiva GL, Vidigal PMP, Assao VS, Fajardo MLM, Loreto ANS, Fietto JLR, Bressan GC, Lobato ZIP, Almeida MRD, Silva-Júnior A. Retrospective Detection and Genetic Characterization of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) Strains Identified between 2006 and 2007 in Brazil. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030201. [PMID: 30818809 PMCID: PMC6466443 DOI: 10.3390/v11030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is an emerging virus that was first identified in the United States in 2016. Since its first detection, PCV3 has already been found in America, Asia, and Europe. Although PCV3 has already been described in Brazil, knowledge of its detection and sequence variation before 2016 is limited, as well as its distribution in the main swine producing regions of Brazil. In this study, 67 porcine clinical samples collected from nine states in Brazil between 2006 and 2007 were analyzed for PCV3 infection by PCR. Results showed that 47.8% of the samples were PCV3 positive, across all nine states. Of the PCV3-positive samples, 37.5% were also positive for PCV2. Interestingly, no clinical signs were associated with samples that were detected singularly with PCV3 infection. Moreover, the positive PCV3 rate in healthy pigs was higher (29.8%) than that found in unhealthy pigs (17.9%), suggesting that most pigs could live with PCV3 infection without any clinical sign in the analyzed samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that PCV3 strains obtained in this study shared 94.44% to 99.83% sequence identity at the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) gene level with available strains from different countries. PCV3 Brazilian sequences collected in 2006 and 2007 shared 97.94% to 99.62% identity with the strains obtained in 2016. The results of neutrality and selective pressure tests indicated that the PCV3 Cap protein seems unable to tolerate high levels of variation on its sequence. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Brazilian strains in PCV3a and PCV3b genotypes clusters, both including strains collected in America, Asia, and Europe. Taking the results together, multiple events of introduction of PCV3 may have occurred in Brazil, and Brazilian PCV3 strains may show genetic stability over the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Loreto Saraiva
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Sisdelli Assao
- Laboratório de Imunobiológicos e Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Leone Miranda Fajardo
- Laboratório de Imunobiológicos e Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Alerrandra Nunes Saraiva Loreto
- Laboratório de Imunobiológicos e Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Zélia Inês Portela Lobato
- Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Rogéria de Almeida
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Imunobiológicos e Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
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Yao S, Tuo T, Gao X, Han C, Yan N, Liu A, Gao H, Gao Y, Cui H, Liu C, Zhang Y, Qi X, Hussain A, Wang Y, Wang X. Molecular epidemiology of chicken anaemia virus in sick chickens in China from 2014 to 2015. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210696. [PMID: 30657774 PMCID: PMC6338413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken anaemia virus (CAV), a member of the genus Gyrovirus, is the etiological agent of chicken infectious anaemia. CAV infects bone marrow-derived cells, resulting in severe anaemia and immunosuppression in young chickens and a compromised immune response in older birds. We investigated the molecular epidemiology of CAV in sick chickens in China from 2014 to 2015 and showed that the CAV-positive rate was 13.30%, in which mixed infection (55.56%) was the main type of infection. We isolated and identified 15 new CAV strains using different methods including indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western Blotting. We used overlapping polymerase chain reaction to map the whole genome of the strains. Phylogenetic analyses of the obtained sequences and related sequences available in GenBank generated four distinct groups (A-D). We built phylogenetic trees using predicted viral protein (VP) sequences. Unlike CAV VP2s and VP3s that were well conserved, the diversity of VP1s indicated that the new strains were virulent. Our epidemiological study provided new insights into the prevalence of CAV in clinical settings in recent years in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tianbei Tuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyan Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Nana Yan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Honglei Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Altaf Hussain
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Duan J, Yang D, Chen L, Yu Y, Zhou J, Lu H. Efficient production of porcine circovirus virus-like particles using the nonconventional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:833-842. [PMID: 30421111 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a ubiquitous virus with high pathogenicity closely associated with the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs), which caused significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide every year. The PCV2 virus-like particles (VLPs) are a powerful subunit vaccine that can elicit high immune response due to its native PCV2 virus morphology. The baculovirus expression system is the widely used platform for producing commercial PCV2 VLP vaccines, but its yield and cost limited the development of low-cost vaccines for veterinary applications. Here, we applied a nonconventional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus to enhance the production of PCV2 VLPs. After codon optimization, the PCV2 Cap protein was expressed in K. marxianus and assemble spontaneously into VLPs. Using a chemically defined medium, we achieved approximately 1.91 g/L of PCV2 VLP antigen in a 5-L bioreactor after high cell density fermentation for 72 h. That yield greatly exceeded to recently reported PCV2 VLPs obtained by baculovirus-insect cell, Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. By the means of two-step chromatography, 652.8 mg of PCV2 VLP antigen was obtained from 1 L of the recombinant K. marxianus cell culture. The PCV2 VLPs induced high level of anti-PCV2 IgG antibody in mice serums and decreased the virus titers in both livers and spleens of the challenged mice. These results illustrated that K. marxianus is a powerful yeast for cost-effective production of PCV2 VLP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Deqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jungang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Liu D, Lin J, Su J, Chen X, Jiang P, Huang K. Glutamine Deficiency Promotes PCV2 Infection through Induction of Autophagy via Activation of ROS-Mediated JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11757-11766. [PMID: 30343565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important pathogen in swine herds. We previously reported that glutamine (Gln) deficiency promoted PCV2 infection in vitro. Here, we established a Gln deficiency model in vivo and further investigated the detailed molecular mechanisms. In vivo and in vitro, Gln deficiency promoted PCV2 infection, which was evident through increased viral yields and PCV2 Cap protein synthesis. It also induced autophagy, as demonstrated by the increases in LC3-II conversion, SQSTM1 degradation, and GFP-LC3 dot accumulation. Autophagy inhibition abolished the effects of Gln deficiency on PCV2 infection. Inhibition of ROS generation alleviated the Gln deficiency-activated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting autophagy induction. In vitro, the inhibition of STAT3 by an inhibitor or RNA interference blocked autophagy, thus reversing the effects of Gln deficiency on PCV2 infection. These results indicate that Gln deficiency activates autophagy by upregulating ROS-medicated JAK2/STAT3 signaling and thereby promoting PCV2 infection.
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Wei R, Trus I, Yang B, Huang L, Nauwynck HJ. Breed Differences in PCV2 Uptake and Disintegration in Porcine Monocytes. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100562. [PMID: 30326643 PMCID: PMC6213064 DOI: 10.3390/v10100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with various diseases which are designated as PCV2-associated diseases (PCVADs). Their severity varies among breeds. In the diseased pigs, virus is present in monocytes, without replication or full degradation. PCV2 entry and viral outcome in primary porcine monocytes and the role of monocytes in PCV2 genetic susceptibility have not been studied. Here, virus uptake and trafficking were analyzed and compared among purebreds Piétrain, Landrace and Large White and hybrid Piétrain × Topigs20. Viral capsids were rapidly internalized into monocytes, followed by a slow disintegration to a residual level. PCV2 uptake was decreased by chlorpromazine, cytochalasin D and dynasore. The internalized capsids followed the endosomal trafficking pathway, ending up in lysosomes. PCV2 genome was nicked by lysosomal DNase II in vitro, but persisted in monocytes in vivo. Monocytes from purebred Piétrain and the hybrid showed a higher level of PCV2 uptake and disintegration, compared to those from Landrace and Large White. In conclusion, PCV2 entry occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. After entry, viral capsids are partially disintegrated, while viral genomes largely escape from the pathway to avoid degradation. The degree of PCV2 uptake and disintegration differ among pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Wei
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Trus
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Bo Yang
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Maduan Street 427, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hans J Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Loiko MR, Junqueira DM, Varela APM, Tochetto C, Scheffer CM, Lima DA, Morel AP, Cerva C, Paim WP, Mayer FQ, Roehe PM. Columbid circoviruses detected in free ranging pigeons from Southern Brazil: insights on PiCV evolution. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3083-3090. [PMID: 30105520 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) is taxonomically classified as a member of the Circovirus genus, family Circoviridae. The virus contains a single stranded DNA genome of approximately 2 kb, with minor length variations among different isolates. The occurrence of PiCV infections in pigeons (Columba livia) has been documented worldwide over the past 20 years; however, in Brazil there were still no reports on PiCV detection. This study identifies seven PiCV genomes recovered from domestic pigeons of South Brazil through high-throughput sequencing and shows a high frequency of PiCV infection, through quantitative real-time PCR. Phylogenetic classification was performed by maximum likelihood analysis of the full genomes, ORF V1 (Rep) and ORF C1 (Cap). The results show that either full genome or Cap based analysis allowed PiCV classification into five major clades (groups A to E), where Brazilian sequences were classified as A, C or D. Recombination analyses were carried out with Simplot and RDP4 and the results show that both Rep and Cap ORFs contain several recombination hotspots, pointing to an important role for such events in PiCV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Loiko
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - D M Junqueira
- Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis-UniRitter, Laureate International Universities, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A P M Varela
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - C Tochetto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - C M Scheffer
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
| | - D A Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - A P Morel
- Falcoaria e Consultoria Ambiental-HAYABUSA, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - C Cerva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - W P Paim
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil.
| | - P M Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
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Li X, Bai Y, Zhang H, Zheng D, Wang T, Wang Y, Deng J, Sun Z, Tian K. Production of a monoclonal antibody against Porcine circovirus type 3 cap protein. J Virol Methods 2018; 261:10-13. [PMID: 30063907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine cirvovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly emerging swine virus with worldwide distribution. The pathogenesis of PCV3 remains unknown due to failures in propagating and isolating the virus on successive cell lines. The virus cap protein is the only structural protein of PCV3 and no monoclonal antibodies against it are available. Although antisera are available from PCV3-infected pigs, they are not suitable for immunoassays such as immunohistochemical staining of infected tissues due to high non-specific background. Developing monoclonal antibodies against the cap protein is indispensable for elucidating PCV3 biological properties. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb 1H1) with a titer of 1/25,600 that recognized the PCV3 cap protein was developed. Western-blot results showed that mAb 1H1 reacted strongly with the recombinant PCV3 cap protein preparation but not with the PCV2 cap protein. MAb 1H1 was also applied successfully for the detection of the cap protein in PCV3-infected pig tissues using immunochemistry staining. In conclusion, mAb 1H1 has significant potential uses in PCV3 diagnosis as well as the study of PCV3 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yilin Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Dingding Zheng
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Tongyan Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Junhua Deng
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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45
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Ye X, Berg M, Fossum C, Wallgren P, Blomström AL. Detection and genetic characterisation of porcine circovirus 3 from pigs in Sweden. Virus Genes 2018; 54:466-469. [PMID: 29564688 PMCID: PMC5951868 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a newly detected circovirus belonging to the family Circoviridae with a circular ssDNA genome of 2000 bp that encodes two proteins-the replicase protein and the capsid protein. PCV3 was discovered for the first time in the US in 2016. After this initial discovery, PCV3 was detected in other parts of the world such as in China, South Korea, Italy and Poland. In this study, 49 tissue samples from Swedish pig herds were screened for PCV3 using PCR and 10 samples were positive and one was uncertain. The entire PCV3 genome and a mini PCV-like virus (MPCLV) were obtained from one of these samples. These two viruses showed a high sequence identity to PCV3 viruses from other countries as well as to MPCLV from the US. However, the sequence identity to PCV1 and 2 was only 31-48% on amino acid level. This is the first detection and complete genetic characterisation of PCV3 in Swedish pigs. It is also interesting to note that one of the positive samples was collected in 1993, showing that PCV3 has been present for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ye
- Guangyuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangyuan, 628017, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Fossum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Wallgren
- National veterinary institute (SVA), 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Lie Blomström
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Mak CK, Yang C, Jeng CR, Pang VF, Yeh KS. Reproductive failure associated with coinfection of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Can Vet J 2018; 59:525-530. [PMID: 29904207 PMCID: PMC5901855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of reproductive failure in a pig farm in Taiwan was investigated. Coinfection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was diagnosed in a stillborn pig by histopathology, polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry, and should be considered as a cause of reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kuen Mak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
| | - Ching Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
| | - Chian-Ren Jeng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
| | - Victor Fei Pang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
| | - Kuang-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
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47
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Laisse CJ, Souza CK, Pereira PR, De Lorenzo C, Bianchi MV, Mapaco LP, Pavarini SP, Canal CW, Driemeier D. Detection and phylogenetic characterization of porcine circovirus 2 from pigs in Mozambique. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:342-347. [PMID: 29701572 PMCID: PMC6505822 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718769266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs), caused by porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), have a significant economic impact on the swine industry worldwide. In Africa, there is little information, to date, regarding the occurrence of PCV-2, and it has not been reported in Mozambique's swine population. We randomly collected mesenteric lymph nodes ( n = 111) from slaughtered pigs from 9 districts in southern Mozambique. PCV-2 DNA was detected in 54% (62 of 111) of the samples and 78% (23 of 31) of the farms. PCV-2 antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in lymph nodes (6 of 62; 10%) that were positive for PCV-2 by PCR. Histopathologic changes observed in these lymph nodes were lymphoid depletion, multifocal nodal necrosis, and infiltrates of histiocytes and multinucleate giant cells. One positive sample from each district was selected in order to obtain sequences covering the ORF2 region. Five sequences clustered with PCV-2d, of which 3 sequences from Maputo, Namaacha, and Moamba were grouped with PCV-2d-2; 2 sequences from Manhiça and Matola were grouped as PCV-2d-1; and 4 sequences from Boane, Matutuíne, Chibuto, and Xai-Xai were closely related to PCV-2b-1A/B genotypes. Our study indicates that a diversity of PCV-2 viruses is circulating in the Mozambican swine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio J. Laisse
- Cláudio J. Laisse,
Division of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane
University, Bairro do Jardim, Km 15, PO Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique.
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48
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Jeong J, Park C, Kim S, Park SJ, Kang I, Park KH, Chae C. Evaluation of the efficacy of a novel porcine circovirus type 2 synthetic peptide vaccine. Can J Vet Res 2018; 82:146-153. [PMID: 29755195 PMCID: PMC5914084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) peptide vaccine comprised of a consensus capsid (Cap) protein domain encoded by open reading frame 2 was developed to control PCV2 infection. The efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated against a commercial baculovirus-expressed recombinant PCV2 subunit vaccine based on the Cap protein. The amino acid sequence of this Cap protein was designed based on the alignment of amino acid sequences from different isolates from Europe, North America, and Asia. The vaccine was evaluated in either phosphate-buffered saline or adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide, cobalt oxide, or liposome. Overall the PCV2 peptide vaccine was less efficacious against PCV2 challenge compared with the commercial PCV2 vaccine. The peptide vaccine was the most efficacious when liposome was used as an adjuvant, significantly (P < 0.05) reducing viremia while increasing the levels of neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells. This suggests, in the presence of liposome, the peptide vaccine was able to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Jeong
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seeun Kim
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Schmitz A, Korbel R, Thiel S, Wörle B, Gohl C, Rinder M. High prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of pet birds. Vet Microbiol 2018; 218:40-44. [PMID: 29685219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium genavense is regarded as the primary cause of mycobacteriosis in psittaciform and passeriform birds, which are commonly kept as pets. In humans, Mycobacterium genavense is especially pathogenic for young, old, pregnant and immunocompromised people (YOPIs). In birds, only few studies, mainly case reports, exist and there is still little e information about occurrence and relevance of this zoonotic pathogen. In this first pilot study concerning the prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of naturally infected pet birds, real-time PCR examinations of 170 individual passeriform and psittaciform birds, including commonly kept budgerigars, lovebirds and zebra finches as well as gold finches and weaver finches, were conducted to determine the infection rate in six different aviaries. Antemortem examinations of faeces and cloacal swabs were compared with postmortem examinations of tissue samples to evaluate the reliability of antemortem diagnostics. Additional ophthalmologic examinations were performed to evaluate their diagnostic potential. Molecular examinations for viral co-infections, including circovirus, polyomavirus and adenovirus, were conducted to identify potential risk factors. PCR results revealed a detection prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense in the flocks varying from 3% to 91% based on postmortem testing, while antemortem diagnostics of faecal samples and swabs showed 64% discrepant (false negative) results. Ophthalmologic examinations were not useful in identifying infected birds within the flocks. Viral co-infections, especially with polyomavirus, were common. It has to be assumed that Mycobacterium genavense infections are widespread and underdiagnosed in companion birds. Viral infections might be an important risk factor. There is urgent need to improve antemortem diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmitz
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - R Korbel
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - S Thiel
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - B Wörle
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße 5, 82319, Seewiesen (Starnberg), Germany
| | - C Gohl
- Tierpark Hellabrunn, Tierparkstraße 30, 81543, München, Germany
| | - M Rinder
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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50
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Xiao Y, Zhao P, Du J, Li X, Lu W, Hao X, Dong B, Yu Y, Wang L. High-level expression and immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2b capsid protein without nuclear localization signal expressed in Hansenula polymorpha. Biologicals 2017; 51:18-24. [PMID: 29225046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) is the dominant PCV2 genotype causing postweaning multisystemic wasting disease (PMWS) in pigs worldwide. Efforts have been made to develop various recombinant capsid proteins of PCV2b used in vaccines against PCV2b. However, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of PCV2b capsid protein (CP) was found to inhibit the expression of the whole length capsid protein in E.coli. Here, we expressed a NLS-deleted capsid protein (ΔCP) of PCV2b in Hansenula polymorpha based on the capsid protein of PCV2b strain Y-7 isolated in China. Comparatively, the ΔCP was expressed at a higher level than the CP. The purified ΔCP could self-assemble into virus like particles (VLPs) with similar morphology of the VLPs formed by CP. The purified ΔCP could be recognized by the anti-sera derived from the mice immunized by inactivated PCV2b particles. Furthermore, it induced higher levels of PCV2b specific antibodies than the purified CP in mice. These results showed that the ΔCP, a recombinant PCV2b capsid protein without nuclear localization signal sequence, could be efficiently expressed in Hansenula polymorpha, and used as a candidate antigen for the development of PCV2b vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Peiyan Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Junyang Du
- Department of Immunology in College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xu Hao
- Department of Immunology in College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Boqi Dong
- Department of Immunology in College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology in College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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