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Abstract
Various disciplines cooperate to find novel approaches to cure impaired body functions by repairing, replacing, or regenerating cells, tissues, or organs. The possibility that a stable differentiated cell can reprogram itself opens the door to new therapeutic strategies against a multitude of diseases caused by the loss or dysfunction of essential, irreparable, and specific cells. One approach to cell therapy is to induce reprogramming of adult cells into other functionally active cells. Understanding the factors that cause or contribute to T cell plasticity is not only of clinical importance but also expands the knowledge of the factors that induce cells to differentiate and improves the understanding of normal developmental biology. The present review focuses on the advances in the conversion of peripheral CD4+ T cells, the conditions of their reprogramming, and the methods proposed to control such cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Khantakova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Li WY, Yin S, Huang SW, Yang MH, Chen PM, Wu SR, Welsher K, Yang H, Arthur Chen YM. The trajectory patterns of single HIV-1 virus-like particle in live CD4 cells: A real time three-dimensional multi-resolution microscopy study using encapsulated nonblinking giant quantum dot. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2023; 56:257-266. [PMID: 36127231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exploration of virology knowledge was limited by the optical technology for the observation of virus. Previously, a three-dimensional multi-resolution real-time microscope system (3D-MRM) was developed to observe the uptake of HIV-1-tat peptide-modified nanoparticles in cell membrane. In this study, we labeled HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) with passivated giant quantum dots (gQDs) and recorded their interactive trajectories with human Jurkat CD4 cells through 3D-MRM. METHODS The labeled of gQDs of the HIV-1 VLPs in sucrose-gradient purified viral lysates was first confirmed by Cryo-electronic microscopy and Western blot assay. After the infection with CD4 cells, the gQD-labeled VLPs were visualized and their extracellular and intracellular trajectories were recorded by 3D-MRM. RESULTS A total of 208 prime trajectories was identified and classified into three distinct patterns: cell-free random diffusion pattern, directional movement pattern and cell-associated movement pattern, with distributions and mean durations were 72.6%/87.6 s, 9.1%/402.7 s and 18.3%/68.7 s, respectively. Further analysis of the spatial-temporal relationship between VLP trajectories and CD4 cells revealed the three stages of interactions: (1) cell-associated (extracellular) diffusion stage, (2) cell membrane surfing stage and (3) intracellular directional movement stage. CONCLUSION A complete trajectory of HIV-1 VLP interacting with CD4 cells was presented in animation. This encapsulating method could increase the accuracy for the observation of HIV-1-CD4 cell interaction in real time and three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-You Li
- Laboratory of Important Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Shuhui Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Szu-Wei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Patricia Mt Chen
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Welsher
- French Family Science Center, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Haw Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Laboratory of Important Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Braun
- From the Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.A.B.); and the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (C.J.W.)
| | - Catherine J Wu
- From the Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.A.B.); and the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (C.J.W.)
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4
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Marasca F, Sinha S, Vadalà R, Polimeni B, Ranzani V, Paraboschi EM, Burattin FV, Ghilotti M, Crosti M, Negri ML, Campagnoli S, Notarbartolo S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Siena S, Prati D, Montini G, Viale G, Torre O, Harari S, Grifantini R, Soldà G, Biffo S, Abrignani S, Bodega B. LINE1 are spliced in non-canonical transcript variants to regulate T cell quiescence and exhaustion. Nat Genet 2022; 54:180-193. [PMID: 35039641 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How gene expression is controlled to preserve human T cell quiescence is poorly understood. Here we show that non-canonical splicing variants containing long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1) enforce naive CD4+ T cell quiescence. LINE1-containing transcripts are derived from CD4+ T cell-specific genes upregulated during T cell activation. In naive CD4+ T cells, LINE1-containing transcripts are regulated by the transcription factor IRF4 and kept at chromatin by nucleolin; these transcripts act in cis, hampering levels of histone 3 (H3) lysine 36 trimethyl (H3K36me3) and stalling gene expression. T cell activation induces LINE1-containing transcript downregulation by the splicing suppressor PTBP1 and promotes expression of the corresponding protein-coding genes by the elongating factor GTF2F1 through mTORC1. Dysfunctional T cells, exhausted in vitro or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), accumulate LINE1-containing transcripts at chromatin. Remarkably, depletion of LINE1-containing transcripts restores TIL effector function. Our study identifies a role for LINE1 elements in maintaining T cell quiescence and suggests that an abundance of LINE1-containing transcripts is critical for T cell effector function and exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marasca
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Shruti Sinha
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Vadalà
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine, DIMET, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Benedetto Polimeni
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine, DIMET, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Ranzani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ghilotti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luce Negri
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | | | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- University of Milan, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Torre
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giuseppe Hospital MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Harari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giuseppe Hospital MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- CheckmAb Srl, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Biffo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Bodega
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Gottlieb A, Pham HPT, Lindsey JW. Brain Antigens Stimulate Proliferation of T Lymphocytes With a Pathogenic Phenotype in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835763. [PMID: 35173742 PMCID: PMC8841344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A method to stimulate T lymphocytes with a broad range of brain antigens would facilitate identification of the autoantigens for multiple sclerosis and enable definition of the pathogenic mechanisms important for multiple sclerosis. In a previous work, we found that the obvious approach of culturing leukocytes with homogenized brain tissue does not work because the brain homogenate suppresses antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation. We now report a method that substantially reduces the suppressive activity. We used this non-suppressive brain homogenate to stimulate leukocytes from multiple sclerosis patients and controls. We also stimulated with common viruses for comparison. We measured proliferation, selected the responding CD3+ cells with flow cytometry, and sequenced their transcriptomes for mRNA and T-cell receptor sequences. The mRNA expression suggested that the brain-responding cells from MS patients are potentially pathogenic. The T-cell receptor repertoire of the brain-responding cells was clonal with minimal overlap with virus antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Gottlieb
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hoai Phuong T. Pham
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John William Lindsey
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: John William Lindsey,
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Albanese M, Ruhle A, Mittermaier J, Mejías-Pérez E, Gapp M, Linder A, Schmacke NA, Hofmann K, Hennrich AA, Levy DN, Humpe A, Conzelmann KK, Hornung V, Fackler OT, Keppler OT. Rapid, efficient and activation-neutral gene editing of polyclonal primary human resting CD4 + T cells allows complex functional analyses. Nat Methods 2022; 19:81-89. [PMID: 34949807 PMCID: PMC8748193 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are central mediators of adaptive and innate immune responses and constitute a major reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vivo. Detailed investigations of resting human CD4+ T cells have been precluded by the absence of efficient approaches for genetic manipulation limiting our understanding of HIV replication and restricting efforts to find a cure. Here we report a method for rapid, efficient, activation-neutral gene editing of resting, polyclonal human CD4+ T cells using optimized cell cultivation and nucleofection conditions of Cas9-guide RNA ribonucleoprotein complexes. Up to six genes, including HIV dependency and restriction factors, were knocked out individually or simultaneously and functionally characterized. Moreover, we demonstrate the knock in of double-stranded DNA donor templates into different endogenous loci, enabling the study of the physiological interplay of cellular and viral components at single-cell resolution. Together, this technique allows improved molecular and functional characterizations of HIV biology and general immune functions in resting CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albanese
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, INGM, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
| | - Adrian Ruhle
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Mittermaier
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernesto Mejías-Pérez
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Madeleine Gapp
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Linder
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas A Schmacke
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandru A Hennrich
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - David N Levy
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics, and Hemostaseology, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Swain SL, Jones MC, Devarajan P, Xia J, Dutton RW, Strutt TM, McKinstry KK. Durable CD4 T-Cell Memory Generation Depends on Persistence of High Levels of Infection at an Effector Checkpoint that Determines Multiple Fates. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a038182. [PMID: 33903157 PMCID: PMC8559547 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered that the determination of CD4 effector and memory fates after infection is regulated not only by initial signals from antigen and pathogen recognition, but also by a second round of such signals at a checkpoint during the effector response. Signals to effectors determine their subsequent fate, inducing further progression to tissue-restricted follicular helpers, cytotoxic CD4 effectors, and long-lived memory cells. The follicular helpers help the germinal center B-cell responses that give rise to high-affinity long-lived antibody responses and memory B cells that synergize with T-cell memory to provide robust long-lived protection. We postulate that inactivated vaccines do not provide extended signals from antigen and pathogen beyond a few days, and thus elicit ineffective CD4 T- and B-cell effector responses and memory. Defining the mechanisms that underlie effective responses should provide insights necessary to develop vaccine strategies that induce more effective and durable immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Michael C Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Priyadharshini Devarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Jingya Xia
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Richard W Dutton
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Tara M Strutt
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
| | - K Kai McKinstry
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
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Ashfaq H, Soliman H, Fajmann S, Sexl V, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. Kinetics of CD4-1+ lymphocytes in brown trout after exposure to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:1553-1562. [PMID: 34160839 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
T-helper cells express CD4 as a co-receptor that binds to major histocompatibility complex class II to synchronize the immune response against upcoming threats via mediating several cytokines. We have previously reported the presence of CD4 homologues in brown trout. The study of cellular immune responses in brown trout is limited by the availability of specific antibodies. We here describe the generation of a polyclonal antibody against CD4-1 that allows for the investigation of CD4+ cells. We used this novel tool to study CD4+ cells in different tissues during viral haemorrhagic septicaemia infection (VHSV) using flow cytometric technique. Flow cytometric analyses revealed an enhanced level of surface CD4-1 expression in the infected group in major lymphoid organs and in the intestine. These results suggest an important role for the T-helper cells within the immune response against viruses, comparable to the immune response in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashfaq
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatem Soliman
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sabine Fajmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Short WD, Wang X, Li H, Yu L, Kaul A, Calderon GA, Gilley J, Bollyky PL, Balaji S, Keswani SG. Interleukin-10 Producing T Lymphocytes Attenuate Dermal Scarring. Ann Surg 2021; 274:627-636. [PMID: 34506318 PMCID: PMC8428868 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Demonstrate the impact of IL-10 producing T lymphocytes on mediating dermal scarring. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA We demonstrated that CD4+ cells are essential to improving postinjury wound healing and preventing fibrosis. CD4+ subsets secrete differential cytokine and growth factor profiles, though their role in fibrosis is not known. IL-10, a key anti-inflammatory cytokine shown to promote regenerative wound healing, is secreted by some CD4+ subsets. We, therefore, hypothesize that IL-10 producing CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets selectively attenuate dermal wound fibrosis. METHODS IL-10-/- and wild-type murine splenocytes were enriched for CD4+ lymphocytes and adoptively transferred into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice that received full-thickness wounds which were analyzed at days 7 and 28 for inflammation and collagen content. We then sorted CD4+CD44int/lowFoxP3-CD62L+ T cells (Tnaive) or CD4+CD44HiFoxP3- type 1 regulatory (Tr1) T cell subsets from 10BiT murine splenocytes, activated them, and transferred them into wounds. In vitro, dermal fibroblasts were cocultured with Tnaive or Tr1 and the effect on extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation was analyzed. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of CD4+ cells on SCID wounds were lost with cells from IL-10-/- mice. Adoptive transfer of Tr1 into SCID mice resulted in accelerated wound closure at d7 with reduced fibrosis at d28, with Tr1 favoring hyaluronan production by fibroblasts, an ECM molecule implicated in IL-10-induced regenerative healing. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 producing T-lymphocytes, specifically Tr1, regulate inflammatory cell cytokine expression to promote HA-rich ECM deposition and attenuate fibrosis. Promoting IL-10 producing lymphocytes in wounds may be a therapeutic target to promote regenerative wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker D Short
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aditya Kaul
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gisele A Calderon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jamie Gilley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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10
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Julé AM, Hoyt KJ, Wei K, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Taylor ML, Ng J, Lederer JA, Case SM, Chang MH, Cohen EM, Dedeoglu F, Hazen MM, Hausmann JS, Halyabar O, Janssen E, Lo J, Lo MS, Meidan E, Roberts JE, Son MBF, Sundel RP, Lee PY, Chatila T, Nigrovic PA, Henderson LA. Th1 polarization defines the synovial fluid T cell compartment in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149185. [PMID: 34403374 PMCID: PMC8492302 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oligo JIA) is the most common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis in children, yet the cause of this disease remains unknown. To understand immune responses in oligo JIA, we immunophenotyped synovial fluid T cells with flow cytometry, bulk RNA-Seq, single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), DNA methylation studies, and Treg suppression assays. In synovial fluid, CD4+, CD8+, and γδ T cells expressed Th1-related markers, whereas Th17 cells were not enriched. Th1 skewing was prominent in CD4+ T cells, including Tregs, and was associated with severe disease. Transcriptomic studies confirmed a Th1 signature in CD4+ T cells from synovial fluid. The regulatory gene expression signature was preserved in Tregs, even those exhibiting Th1 polarization. These Th1-like Tregs maintained Treg-specific methylation patterns and suppressive function, supporting the stability of this Treg population in the joint. Although synovial fluid CD4+ T cells displayed an overall Th1 phenotype, scRNA-Seq uncovered heterogeneous effector and regulatory subpopulations, including IFN-induced Tregs, peripheral helper T cells, and cytotoxic CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, oligo JIA is characterized by Th1 polarization that encompasses Tregs but does not compromise their regulatory identity. Targeting Th1-driven inflammation and augmenting Treg function may represent important therapeutic approaches in oligo JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie M. Julé
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kacie J. Hoyt
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria L. Taylor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - James A. Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siobhan M. Case
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret H. Chang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ezra M. Cohen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fatma Dedeoglu
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa M. Hazen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Hausmann
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olha Halyabar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mindy S. Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esra Meidan
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordan E. Roberts
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Beth F. Son
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert P. Sundel
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pui Y. Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Talal Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter A. Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren A. Henderson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Dwyer AJ, Ritz JM, Mitchell JS, Martinov T, Alkhatib M, Silva N, Tucker CG, Fife BT. Enhanced CD4 + and CD8 + T cell infiltrate within convex hull defined pancreatic islet borders as autoimmune diabetes progresses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17142. [PMID: 34433860 PMCID: PMC8387412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that T cell insulitis increases as type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops is unsurprising, however, the quantitative analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within the islet mass is complex and limited with standard approaches. Optical microscopy is an important and widely used method to evaluate immune cell infiltration into pancreatic islets of Langerhans for the study of disease progression or therapeutic efficacy in murine T1D. However, the accuracy of this approach is often limited by subjective and potentially biased qualitative assessment of immune cell subsets. In addition, attempts at quantitative measurements require significant time for manual analysis and often involve sophisticated and expensive imaging software. In this study, we developed and illustrate here a streamlined analytical strategy for the rapid, automated and unbiased investigation of islet area and immune cell infiltration within (insulitis) and around (peri-insulitis) pancreatic islets. To this end, we demonstrate swift and accurate detection of islet borders by modeling cross-sectional islet areas with convex polygons (convex hulls) surrounding islet-associated insulin-producing β cell and glucagon-producing α cell fluorescent signals. To accomplish this, we used a macro produced with the freeware software ImageJ equipped with the Fiji Is Just ImageJ (FIJI) image processing package. Our image analysis procedure allows for direct quantification and statistical determination of islet area and infiltration in a reproducible manner, with location-specific data that more accurately reflect islet areas as insulitis proceeds throughout T1D. Using this approach, we quantified the islet area infiltrated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells allowing statistical comparison between different age groups of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice progressing towards T1D. We found significantly more CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrating the convex hull-defined islet mass of 13-week-old non-diabetic and 17-week-old diabetic NOD mice compared to 4-week-old NOD mice. We also determined a significant and measurable loss of islet mass in mice that developed T1D. This approach will be helpful for the location-dependent quantitative calculation of islet mass and cellular infiltration during T1D pathogenesis and can be combined with other markers of inflammation or activation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Dwyer
- Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2101 6th St SE, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building, 3-146, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jacob M Ritz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason S Mitchell
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tijana Martinov
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohannad Alkhatib
- Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2101 6th St SE, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building, 3-146, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nubia Silva
- Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2101 6th St SE, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building, 3-146, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christopher G Tucker
- Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2101 6th St SE, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building, 3-146, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Brian T Fife
- Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2101 6th St SE, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building, 3-146, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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12
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Weaver VM. Mechanobiology: forcing the second act. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1611-1613. [PMID: 34410838 PMCID: PMC8684731 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-07-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, Departments of Radiation Oncology and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0456
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13
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Tanabe R, Morikawa Y. Efficient Transendothelial Migration of Latently HIV-1-Infected Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081589. [PMID: 34452453 PMCID: PMC8402846 DOI: 10.3390/v13081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A small fraction of HIV-1-infected T cells forms populations of latently infected cells when they are a naive T-cell subset or in transit to a resting memory state. Latently HIV-1-infected cells reside in lymphoid tissues and serve as viral reservoirs. However, whether they systemically recirculate in the body and re-enter the lymphoid nodes are unknown. Here, we employed two in-vitro cell coculture systems mimicking the lymphatic endothelium in lymph nodes and investigated the homing potential, specifically the transendothelial migration (TEM), of two latently HIV-1-infected cell lines (J1.1 and ACH-2). In trans-well coculture systems, J1.1 and ACH-2 showed higher TEM efficiencies than their parental uninfected and acutely infected cells. The efficiency of TEM was enhanced by the presence of stromal cells, such as HS-5 and fibroblastic reticular cells. In an in-vitro reconstituted, three-dimensional coculture system in which stromal cells are embedded in collagen matrices, J1.1 showed slightly higher TEM efficiency in the presence of HS-5. In accordance with these phenotypes, latently infected cells adhered to the endothelial cells more efficiently than uninfected cells. Together, our study showed that latently HIV-1-infected cells enhanced cell adhesion and TEM abilities, suggesting their potential for efficient homing to lymph nodes.
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14
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Wang S, Cheng M, Peng P, Lou Y, Zhang A, Liu P. Iron Released after Cryo-Thermal Therapy Induced M1 Macrophage Polarization, Promoting the Differentiation of CD4 + T Cells into CTLs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137010. [PMID: 34209797 PMCID: PMC8268875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in both innate and adaptive immunity and are known for their high plasticity in response to various external signals. Macrophages are involved in regulating systematic iron homeostasis and they sequester iron by phagocytotic activity, which triggers M1 macrophage polarization and typically exerts antitumor effects. We previously developed a novel cryo-thermal therapy that can induce the mass release of tumor antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), promoting M1 macrophage polarization. However, that study did not examine whether iron released after cryo-thermal therapy induced M1 macrophage polarization; this question still needed to be addressed. We hypothesized that cryo-thermal therapy would cause the release of a large quantity of iron to augment M1 macrophage polarization due to the disruption of tumor cells and blood vessels, which would further enhance antitumor immunity. In this study, we investigated iron released in primary tumors, the level of iron in splenic macrophages after cryo-thermal therapy and the effect of iron on macrophage polarization and CD4+ T cell differentiation in metastatic 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma. We found that a large amount of iron was released after cryo-thermal therapy and could be taken up by splenic macrophages, which further promoted M1 macrophage polarization by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, iron promoted DC maturation, which was possibly mediated by iron-induced M1 macrophages. In addition, iron-induced M1 macrophages and mature DCs promoted the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into the CD4 cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) subset and inhibited differentiation into Th2 and Th17 cells. This study explains the role of iron in cryo-thermal therapy-induced antitumor immunity from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Man Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Peng Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yue Lou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Aili Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-62933231
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15
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Luo Y, Qu K, Kuai L, Ru Y, Huang K, Yan X, Xing M. Epigenetics in psoriasis: perspective of DNA methylation. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:1027-1040. [PMID: 34137900 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by excessive proliferation of keratinocytes (KCs). Onset of psoriasis is related to genetic, immune and environmental factors. The environment can interact with the genome through epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, and this modification is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In addition to a skin disease, psoriasis is also considered a systemic disease. We reviewed the current literature of psoriatic DNA methylation for studies from several aspects on the DNA methylation distribution patterns in different tissues/cells, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and candidate disease genes and identified target genes regulated by DNA methylation that have been directly/indirectly validated. This review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the important a role that DNA methylation plays in psoriasis from a holistic perspective and will promote the implementation of DNA methylation in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Keshen Qu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Surgery, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiaoning Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4 West Glorious Gate, Xi'an, 710003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4 West Glorious Gate, Xi'an, 710003, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Ghosh MK, Chen KHE, Dill-Garlow R, Ma LJ, Yonezawa T, Itoh Y, Rivera L, Radecki KC, Wu QP, Arnold AP, Muller HK, Walker AM. Sex Differences in the Immune System Become Evident in the Perinatal Period in the Four Core Genotypes Mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:582614. [PMID: 34122327 PMCID: PMC8191418 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.582614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used the four core genotypes (FCG) mouse model, which allows a distinction between effects of gonadal secretions and chromosomal complement, to determine when sex differences in the immune system first appear and what influences their development. Using splenic T cell number as a measure that could be applied to neonates with as yet immature immune responses, we found no differences among the four genotypes at postnatal day 1, but by day 7, clear sex differences were observed. These sex differences were unexpectedly independent of chromosomal complement and similar in degree to gonadectomized FCG adults: both neonatal and gonadectomized adult females (XX and XY) showed 2-fold the number of CD4+ and 7-fold the number of CD8+ T cells versus their male (XX and XY) counterparts. Appearance of this long-lived sex difference between days 1 and 7 suggested a role for the male-specific perinatal surge of testicular testosterone. Interference with the testosterone surge significantly de-masculinized the male CD4+, but not CD8+ splenic profile. Treatment of neonates demonstrated elevated testosterone limited mature cell egress from the thymus, whereas estradiol reduced splenic T cell seeding in females. Neonatal male splenic epithelium/stroma expressed aromatase mRNA, suggesting capacity for splenic conversion of perinatal testosterone into estradiol in males, which, similar to administration of estradiol in females, would result in reduced splenic T cell seeding. These sex steroid effects affected both CD4+ and CD8+ cells and yet interference with the testosterone surge only significantly de-masculinized the splenic content of CD4+ cells. For CD8+ cells, male cells in the thymus were also found to express one third the density of sphingosine-1-phosphate thymic egress receptors per cell compared to female, a male characteristic most likely an indirect result of Sry expression. Interestingly, the data also support a previously unrecognized role for non-gonadal estradiol in the promotion of intra-thymic cell proliferation in neonates of both sexes. Microarray analysis suggested the thymic epithelium/stroma as the source of this hormone. We conclude that some immune sex differences appear long before puberty and more than one mechanism contributes to differential numbers and distribution of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kuan-hui E. Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Riva Dill-Garlow
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Lisa J. Ma
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Yuichiro Itoh
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lorena Rivera
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kelly C. Radecki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Quiming P. Wu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Arthur P. Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - H. Konrad Muller
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ameae M. Walker
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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17
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Wang Q, Gao H, Clark KM, Mugisha CS, Davis K, Tang JP, Harlan GH, DeSelm CJ, Presti RM, Kutluay SB, Shan L. CARD8 is an inflammasome sensor for HIV-1 protease activity. Science 2021; 371:eabe1707. [PMID: 33542150 PMCID: PMC8029496 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 has high mutation rates and exists as mutant swarms within the host. Rapid evolution of HIV-1 allows the virus to outpace the host immune system, leading to viral persistence. Approaches to targeting immutable components are needed to clear HIV-1 infection. Here, we report that the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) inflammasome senses HIV-1 protease activity. HIV-1 can evade CARD8 sensing because its protease remains inactive in infected cells before viral budding. Premature intracellular activation of the viral protease triggered CARD8 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of HIV-1-infected cells. This strategy led to the clearance of latent HIV-1 in patient CD4+ T cells after viral reactivation. Thus, our study identifies CARD8 as an inflammasome sensor of HIV-1, which holds promise as a strategy for the clearance of persistent HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongbo Gao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kolin M Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christian Shema Mugisha
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keanu Davis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jack P Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gray H Harlan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carl J DeSelm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel M Presti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sebla B Kutluay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Liang Shan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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18
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Li S, Wu B, Ling Y, Guo M, Qin B, Ren X, Wang C, Yang H, Chen L, Liao Y, Liu Y, Peng X, Xu C, Wang Z, Shen Y, Chen J, Liu L, Niu B, Zhu M, Liu L, Li F, Zhu T, Zhu Z, Zhou X, Lu H. Epigenetic Landscapes of Single-Cell Chromatin Accessibility and Transcriptomic Immune Profiles of T Cells in COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625881. [PMID: 33717140 PMCID: PMC7943924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in coronavirus diseases. How they do so in COVID-19 may be revealed by analyzing the epigenetic chromatin accessibility of cis- and trans-regulatory elements and creating transcriptomic immune profiles. We performed single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC) and single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing (seq) on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of severely ill/critical patients (SCPs) infected with COVID-19, moderate patients (MPs), and healthy volunteer controls (HCs). About 76,570 and 107,862 single cells were used, respectively, for analyzing the characteristics of chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic immune profiles by the application of scATAC-seq (nine cases) and scRNA-seq (15 cases). The scATAC-seq detected 28,535 different peaks in the three groups; among these peaks, 41.6 and 10.7% were located in the promoter and enhancer regions, respectively. Compared to HCs, among the peak-located genes in the total T cells and its subsets, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, from SCPs and MPs were enriched with inflammatory pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. The motifs of TBX21 were less accessible in the CD4+ T cells of SCPs compared with those in MPs. Furthermore, the scRNA-seq showed that the proportion of T cells, especially the CD4+ T cells, was decreased in SCPs and MPs compared with those in HCs. Transcriptomic results revealed that histone-related genes, and inflammatory genes, such as NFKBIA, S100A9, and PIK3R1, were highly expressed in the total T cells, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, both in the cases of SCPs and MPs. In the CD4+ T cells, decreased T helper-1 (Th1) cells were observed in SCPs and MPs. In the CD8+T cells, activation markers, such as CD69 and HLA class II genes (HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DRB5), were significantly upregulated in SCPs. An integrated analysis of the data from scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq showed some consistency between the approaches. Cumulatively, we have generated a landscape of chromatin epigenetic status and transcriptomic immune profiles of T cells in patients with COVID-19. This has provided a deeper dissection of the characteristics of the T cells involved at a higher resolution than from previously obtained data merely by the scRNA-seq analysis. Our data led us to suggest that the T-cell inflammatory states accompanied with defective functions in the CD4+ T cells of SCPs may be the key factors for determining the pathogenesis of and recovery from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Department of Diagnosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyin Qin
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Ren
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Liao
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhua Peng
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Niu
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmin Zhu
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhu
- Department of Diagnosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Animal Model, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Dar AA, Sawada K, Dybas JM, Moser EK, Lewis EL, Park E, Fazelinia H, Spruce LA, Ding H, Seeholzer SH, Oliver PM. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cul4b promotes CD4+ T cell expansion by aiding the repair of damaged DNA. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001041. [PMID: 33524014 PMCID: PMC7888682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity for T cells to become activated and clonally expand during pathogen invasion is pivotal for protective immunity. Our understanding of how T cell receptor (TCR) signaling prepares cells for this rapid expansion remains limited. Here we provide evidence that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin-4b (Cul4b) regulates this process. The abundance of total and neddylated Cul4b increased following TCR stimulation. Disruption of Cul4b resulted in impaired proliferation and survival of activated T cells. Additionally, Cul4b-deficient CD4+ T cells accumulated DNA damage. In T cells, Cul4b preferentially associated with the substrate receptor DCAF1, and Cul4b and DCAF1 were found to interact with proteins that promote the sensing or repair of damaged DNA. While Cul4b-deficient CD4+ T cells showed evidence of DNA damage sensing, downstream phosphorylation of SMC1A did not occur. These findings reveal an essential role for Cul4b in promoting the repair of damaged DNA to allow survival and expansion of activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif A. Dar
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keisuke Sawada
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Dybas
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Health and Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emily K. Moser
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Lewis
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eddie Park
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lynn A. Spruce
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hua Ding
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven H. Seeholzer
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paula M. Oliver
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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20
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Qiu X, Shi Q, Huang Y, Jiang H, Qin S. miR-143/145 inhibits Th9 cell differentiation by targeting NFATc1. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:184-191. [PMID: 33446394 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Th9 cells are a defined CD4+ helper T cell subgroup found to promote or suppress oncogenesis in a context-dependent manner. How microRNAs (miRNAs) shape Th9 cell functionality, however, remains to be studied. Herein, we determined that miR-143/145 is downregulated during Th9 differentiation. When these miRNAs were upregulated, this inhibited Th9 differentiation, proliferation, and IL-9 production. Overexpressing miR-143/145 in Th9 cells further suppressed NFATc1 expression at the protein and mRNA level, whereas the opposite phenotype was observed when miR-143/145 was downregulated in these cells. NFATc1 silencing markedly inhibited Th9 cell differentiation, whereas overexpressing this transcription factor was sufficient to reverse miR-143/145-associated phenotypes in these cells. These findings thus indicate that the ability of miR-143/145 to inhibit Th9 cell differentiation is attributable to their ability to target and suppress NFATc1 expression. Overall, our results highlight a novel mode of action whereby miR-143/145 controls Th9 differentiation, suggesting that this pathway may be amenable to therapeutic targeting in the context of anti-cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuyue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Youyi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haixing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanyu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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21
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Zhi J, Zhang P, Zhang W, Ruan X, Tian M, Guo S, Zhang W, Zheng X, Zhao L, Gao M. Inhibition of BRAF Sensitizes Thyroid Carcinoma to Immunotherapy by Enhancing tsMHCII-mediated Immune Recognition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:91-107. [PMID: 32936899 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Multiple mechanisms play roles in restricting the ability of T-cells to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. OBJECTIVE To identify immune escape mechanisms involved in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to optimize immunotherapy. SETTING AND DESIGN iTRAQ analysis was conducted to identify proteins differentially expressed in PTC samples with or without BRAFV600E mutation. Molecular mechanisms regulating tumor cell evasion were investigated by in vitro modulations of BRAF/MAPK and related pathways. The pathological significance of identified tumor-specific major histocompatibility complex class II (tsMHCII) molecules in mediating tumor cell immune escape and targeted immune therapy was further evaluated in a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous thyroid cancer. RESULTS Proteomic analysis showed that tsMHCII level was significantly lower in BRAFV600E-associated PTCs and negatively correlated with BRAF mutation status. Constitutive activation of BRAF decreased tsMHCII surface expression on tumor cells, which inhibited activation of CD4+ T-cells and led to immune escape. Pathway analysis indicated that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/SMAD3-mediated repression of tsMHCII, which could be reversed by BRAF inhibition (BRAFi). Targeting this pathway with a combined therapy of BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 and anti-PD-1 antibody efficiently blocked tumor growth by increasing CD4+ T-cell infiltration in a transgenic PTC mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BRAFV600E mutation in PTC impairs the expression of tsMHCII through the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway to enhance immune escape. Combined treatment with PLX4032 and anti-PD-1 antibody promotes recognition and elimination of PTC by the immune system in a pre-clinical mouse model, and therefore offers an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced PTC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/physiology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mutation, Missense
- Nivolumab/administration & dosage
- Nivolumab/pharmacology
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/drug therapy
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/immunology
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/immunology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Vemurafenib/administration & dosage
- Vemurafenib/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtai Zhi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peitao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengran Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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22
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Coppola C, Hopkins B, Huhn S, Du Z, Huang Z, Kelly WJ. Investigation of the Impact from IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 on the Growth and Signaling of Activated CD4 + T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7814. [PMID: 33105566 PMCID: PMC7659484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While CAR-T therapy is a growing and promising area of cancer research, it is limited by high cost and the difficulty of consistently culturing T-cells to therapeutically relevant concentrations ex-vivo. Cytokines IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 have been found to stimulate the growth of T cells, however, the optimized combination of these three cytokines for T cell proliferation is unknown. In this study, we designed an integrated experimental and modeling approach to optimize cytokine supplementation for rapid expansion in clinical applications. We assessed the growth data for statistical improvements over no cytokine supplementation and used a systems biology approach to identify genes with the highest magnitude of expression change from control at several time points. Further, we developed a predictive mathematical model to project the growth rate for various cytokine combinations, and investigate genes and reactions regulated by cytokines in activated CD4+ T cells. The most favorable conditions from the T cell growth study and from the predictive model align to include the full range of IL-2 and IL-7 studied, and at lower levels of IL-15 (6 ng/mL or 36 ng/mL). The highest growth rates were observed where either IL-2 or IL-7 was at the highest concentration tested (15 ng/mL for IL-2 and 80 ng/mL for IL-7) while the other was at the lowest (1 ng/mL for IL-2 and 6 ng/mL for IL-7), or where both IL-2 and IL-7 concentrations are moderate-corresponding to condition keys 200, 020, and 110 respectively. This suggests a synergistic interaction of IL-2 and IL-7 with regards to promoting optimal proliferation and survival of the activated CD4+ T cells. Transcriptomic data analysis identified the genes and transcriptional regulators up/down-regulated by each of the cytokines IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15. It was found that the genes with persistent expressing changes were associated with major pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation. In addition to influencing T cell metabolism, the three cytokines were found to regulate specific genes involved in TCR, JAK/STAT, MAPK, AKT and PI3K-AKT signaling. The developed Fuzzy model that can predict the growth rate of activated CD4+ T cells for various combinations of cytokines, along with identified optimal cytokine cocktails and important genes found in transcriptomic data, can pave the way for optimizing activated CD4 T cells by regulating cytokines in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canaan Coppola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (C.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Brooks Hopkins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (C.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Steven Huhn
- Cell/Gene Therapy and Biologics Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (S.H.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhimei Du
- Cell/Gene Therapy and Biologics Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (S.H.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zuyi Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (C.C.); (B.H.)
| | - William J. Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (C.C.); (B.H.)
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23
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Radens CM, Blake D, Jewell P, Barash Y, Lynch KW. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic variation in T-cell populations reveals both variable and consistent signatures of gene expression and splicing. RNA 2020; 26:1320-1333. [PMID: 32554554 PMCID: PMC7491319 DOI: 10.1261/rna.075929.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human CD4+ T cells are often subdivided into distinct subtypes, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells, that are thought to carry out distinct functions in the body. Typically, these T-cell subpopulations are defined by the expression of distinct gene repertoires; however, there is variability between studies regarding the methods used for isolation and the markers used to define each T-cell subtype. Therefore, how reliably studies can be compared to one another remains an open question. Moreover, previous analysis of gene expression in CD4+ T-cell subsets has largely focused on gene expression rather than alternative splicing. Here we take a meta-analysis approach, comparing eleven independent RNA-seq studies of human Th1, Th2, Th17, and/or Treg cells to determine the consistency in gene expression and splicing within each subtype across studies. We find that known master-regulators are consistently enriched in the appropriate subtype; however, cytokines and other genes often used as markers are more variable. Importantly, we also identify previously unknown transcriptomic markers that appear to consistently differentiate between subsets, including a few Treg-specific splicing patterns. Together this work highlights the heterogeneity in gene expression between samples designated as the same subtype, but also suggests additional markers that can be used to define functional groupings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Radens
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Davia Blake
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Paul Jewell
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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24
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Chaudhuri PK, Wang MS, Black CT, Huse M, Kam LC. Modulating T Cell Activation Using Depth Sensing Topographic Cues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000143. [PMID: 32744809 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This report examines how sensing of substrate topography can be used to modulate T cell activation, a key coordinating step in the adaptive immune response. Inspired by the native T cell-antigen presenting cell interface, micrometer scale pits with varying depth are fabricated into planar substrates. Primary CD4+ T cells extend actin-rich protrusions into the micropits. T cell activation, reflected in secretion of cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon gamma, is sensitive to the micropit depth. Surprisingly, arrays of micropits with 4 μm depth enhance activation compared to flat substrates but deeper micropits are less effective at increasing cell response, revealing a biphasic dependence in activation as a function of feature dimensions. Inhibition of cell contractility abrogates the enhanced activation associated with the micropits. In conclusion, this report demonstrates that the 3D, microscale topography can be used to enhance T cell activation, an ability that most directly can be used to improve production of these cells for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitchell S Wang
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Charles T Black
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of T cells specific for islet autoantigens is proven in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Recently, there has been rapid expansion in the number of T-cell subsets identified, this has coincided with an increase in the repertoire of reported islet antigens mainly through the discovery of novel epitopes. A discussion of how these marry together is now warranted and timely. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we will discuss the autoreactivity against neo-epitopes. We then explore the growing array of T-cell subsets for both CD4 T cells, including follicular and peripheral T helper cells, and CD8 T cells, discussing evolution from naïve to exhausted phenotypes. Finally, we detail how subsets correlate with disease stage and loss of β-cell function and are impacted by immunotherapy. SUMMARY The expanding list of T-cell subsets may be potentially encouraging in terms of elucidating disease mechanisms and have a role as biomarkers for disease progression. Furthermore, T-cell subsets can be used in stratifying patients for clinical trials and for monitoring immunotherapy outcomes. However, the definition of subsets needs to be refined in order to ensure that there is a uniform approach in designating T-cell subset attributes that is globally applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefina Arif
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London
- Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Eichmann
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London
- Current address: Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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26
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Giri PS, Dwivedi M, Begum R. Decreased suppression of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells by peripheral regulatory T cells in generalized vitiligo due to reduced NFATC1 and FOXP3 proteins. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:759-775. [PMID: 32682346 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the suppression of activated T cells in generalized vitiligo (GV). The study was aimed to investigate Tregs functional defects in Treg:CD8+ and Treg:CD4+ T cells' co-culture systems of 55 GV patients and 45 controls. CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU assay; production of IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ cytokines was assessed by ELISA; and FOXP3, CD25, NFATC1 and CD44 proteins were measured by flow cytometry. Generalized vitiligo patients showed reduced suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (P = .0384, P = .0084), increased IFN-γ (P < .0001, P = .0019), decreased IL-10 and TGF-β (P < .0001) and decreased FOXP3, CD25 and NFATC1 proteins (P < .0001). Active vitiligo (AV) patients showed reduced suppression of CD8+ & CD4+ T cells (P = .006, P = .015), increased IFN-γ (P = .036, P = .045), decreased IL-10 (P = .009, P = .021), FOXP3 (P = .0244) and NFATC1 (P = .019). Severe GV (50%-75% VASI) patients showed reduced suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (P = .0003, P = .001), increased IFN-γ (P = .0029, P < .0001), decreased IL-10 (P = .0057, P = .0017), FOXP3 (P = .002) and NFATC1 (P = .0347). VASI score was positively correlated with the suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (P = .0006, P < .0001), IL-10 (P = .0096, P = .029), FOXP3 (P = .0008) and NFATC1 (P = .043), whereas it was negatively correlated with IFN-γ (P = .0029, P = .0017). Early age of onset patients' Tregs demonstrated decreased suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (P = .0156, P = .0074), decreased TGF-β (P = .0212, P = .0083) and NFATC1 (P = .0103). NFATC1 was positively correlated with FOXP3 in Tregs (P < .0001). Our results suggest impaired Tregs suppressive function in GV patients due to decreased NFATC1, FOXP3, CD25, IL-10 and TGF-β resulting into increased CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. For the first time, decreased NFATC1 levels were correlated with decreased FOXP3, thereby altering Treg cell function in GV patients. Additionally, decreased Treg cell function also affected onset, activity and severity of GV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Giri
- Faculty of Science, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Faculty of Science, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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27
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Shi M, Tan L, Zhang Y, Meng C, Wang W, Sun Y, Song C, Liu W, Liao Y, Yu S, Ren T, Ding Z, Liu X, Qiu X, Ding C. Characterization and functional analysis of chicken APOBEC4. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 106:103631. [PMID: 31991164 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The APOBEC proteins play significant roles in the innate and adaptive immune system, probably due to their deaminase activities. Because APOBEC1 (A1) and APOBEC3 (A3) are absent in the chicken genome, we were interested in determining whether chicken APOBEC4 (A4) possessed more complex functions than its mammalian homologs. In this study, chicken A4 (chA4) mRNA was identified and cloned for the first time. Based on bioinformatics analyses, the conserved zinc-coordinating motif (HXE … PC(X)2-6C) was identified on the surface of chA4 and contained highly conserved His97, Glu99, Pro130, Cys131 and Cys138 active sites. The highest expression levels of constitutive chA4 were detected in primary lymphocytes and bursa of Fabricius. Newcastle Disease (ND) is one of the most serious infectious diseases in birds, causing major economic losses to the poultry industry. In vitro, Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) early infection induced significant increases in chA4 expression in the chicken B cell line, DT40, the macrophage cell line, HD11 and the CD4+ T cell line, MSB-1, but not the fibroblast cell line, DF-1. In vivo, the expression levels of chA4 were up-regulated in several tissues from NDV-infected chickens, especially the thymus, testicles, duodenum and kidney. The high level expression of exogenous chA4 displayed inhibitory effects on NDV and reduced viral RNA in infected cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that chA4 is involved in the chicken immune system and may play important roles in host anti-viral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Yaodan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Do AN, Watson CT, Cohain AT, Griffin RS, Grishin A, Wood RA, Wesley Burks A, Jones SM, Scurlock A, Leung DYM, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, Sharp AJ, Schadt EE, Bunyavanich S. Dual transcriptomic and epigenomic study of reaction severity in peanut-allergic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1219-1230. [PMID: 31838046 PMCID: PMC7192362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unexpected allergic reactions to peanut are the most common cause of fatal food-related anaphylaxis. Mechanisms underlying the variable severity of peanut-allergic reactions remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We sought to expand mechanistic understanding of reaction severity in peanut allergy. METHODS We performed an integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic study of peanut-allergic children as they reacted in vivo during double-blind, placebo-controlled peanut challenges. We integrated whole-blood transcriptome and CD4+ T-cell epigenome profiles to identify molecular signatures of reaction severity (ie, how severely a peanut-allergic child reacts when exposed to peanut). A threshold-weighted reaction severity score was calculated for each subject based on symptoms experienced during peanut challenge and the eliciting dose. Through linear mixed effects modeling, network construction, and causal mediation analysis, we identified genes, CpGs, and their interactions that mediate reaction severity. Findings were replicated in an independent cohort. RESULTS We identified 318 genes with changes in expression during the course of reaction associated with reaction severity, and 203 CpG sites with differential DNA methylation associated with reaction severity. After replicating these findings in an independent cohort, we constructed interaction networks with the identified peanut severity genes and CpGs. These analyses and leukocyte deconvolution highlighted neutrophil-mediated immunity. We identified NFKBIA and ARG1 as hubs in the networks and 3 groups of interacting key node CpGs and peanut severity genes encompassing immune response, chemotaxis, and regulation of macroautophagy. In addition, we found that gene expression of PHACTR1 and ZNF121 causally mediates the association between methylation at corresponding CpGs and reaction severity, suggesting that methylation may serve as an anchor upon which gene expression modulates reaction severity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings enhance current mechanistic understanding of the genetic and epigenetic architecture of reaction severity in peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Do
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky
| | - Ariella T Cohain
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Robert S Griffin
- Department of Anesthesia, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Grishin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Robert A Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - A Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stacie M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Amy Scurlock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Ark
| | | | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Scott H Sicherer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Andrew J Sharp
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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29
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Zhao Z, He D, Ling F, Chu T, Huang D, Wu H, Ge J. CD4 + T cells and TGFβ1/MAPK signal pathway involved in the valvular hyperblastosis and fibrosis in patients with rheumatic heart disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104402. [PMID: 32061942 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of CD4+ T cells and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1) in the pathological process of valvular hyperblastosis and fibrosis of patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). A total of 151 patients were enrolled, among whom, 78 patients were with RHD, and 73 were age and gender matched RHD negative patients. Blood samples and valve specimens were collected for analysis. Pathological changes and collagen fibers contents of valves were analyzed using HE and Masson staining. Percentage of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells was tested through flow cytometry. TGFβ1 level in serum were identified by ELISA. CD4+ T cells infiltration and expression of TGFβ1, p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK in valves were detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein levels of p38, JNK, ERK, TGFβ1, I-collagen and α-SMA were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The heart valve tissues of RHD patients showed higher degrees of fibrosis, calcification and lymphocytes infiltration, which were mainly CD4+ T cells. In addition, compared with control group, RHD patients had more total CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and valve tissues. Expression of TGFβ1, phosphorylation of JNK and p38, and synthesis of I-collagen in valve tissues of RHD patients were also significantly increased. Furthermore, we found a strong positive correlation between TGFβ1 expression and phosphorylation of JNK and p38. CD4+ T cells, and fibrogenic cytokine TGFβ1, which activate the intracellular MAPK signaling pathway may participate in the fibrosis of heart valve in RHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Danqing He
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Fei Ling
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Dake Huang
- Comperhensive Laboratory of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jianjun Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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30
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Callender LA, Carroll EC, Bober EA, Akbar AN, Solito E, Henson SM. Mitochondrial mass governs the extent of human T cell senescence. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13067. [PMID: 31788930 PMCID: PMC6996952 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to senesce differs, with CD8+ T cells acquiring an immunosenescent phenotype faster than the CD4+ T cell compartment. We show here that it is the inherent difference in mitochondrial content that drives this phenotype, with senescent human CD4+ T cells displaying a higher mitochondrial mass. The loss of mitochondria in the senescent human CD8+ T cells has knock-on consequences for nutrient usage, metabolism and function. Senescent CD4+ T cells uptake more lipid and glucose than their CD8+ counterparts, leading to a greater metabolic versatility engaging either an oxidative or a glycolytic metabolism. The enhanced metabolic advantage of senescent CD4+ T cells allows for more proliferation and migration than observed in the senescent CD8+ subset. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to both cellular senescence and aging; however, it is still unclear whether mitochondria play a causal role in senescence. Our data show that reducing mitochondrial function in human CD4+ T cells, through the addition of low-dose rotenone, causes the generation of a CD4+ T cell with a CD8+ -like phenotype. Therefore, we wish to propose that it is the inherent metabolic stability that governs the susceptibility to an immunosenescent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Callender
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth C. Carroll
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesIT SligoSligoIreland
| | - Emilia A. Bober
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of Infection and ImmunityDepartment of ImmunologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Egle Solito
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sian M. Henson
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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31
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Braga-Neto MB, Gaballa JM, Bamidele AO, Sarmento OF, Svingen P, Gonzalez M, Ramos GP, Sagstetter MR, Aseem SO, Sun Z, Faubion WA. Deregulation of Long Intergenic Non-coding RNAs in CD4+ T Cells of Lamina Propria in Crohn's Disease Through Transcriptome Profiling. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:96-109. [PMID: 31158273 PMCID: PMC6930003 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of Crohn's disease [CD] involves immune dysregulation in a genetically susceptible individual. Genome-wide association studies [GWAS] have identified 200 loci associated with CD, ulcerative colitis, or both, most of which fall within non-coding DNA regions. Long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs] regulate gene expression by diverse mechanisms and have been associated with disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease. However, disease-associated lncRNAs have not been characterised in pathogenic immune cell populations. METHODS Terminal ileal samples were obtained from 22 CD patients and 13 controls. RNA from lamina propria CD4+ T cells was sequenced and long intergenic non-coding RNAs [lincRNAs] were detected. Overall expression patterns, differential expression [DE], and pathway and gene enrichment analyses were performed. Knockdown of novel lincRNAs XLOC_000261 and XLOC_000014 was performed. Expression of Th1 or Th17-associated transcription factors, T-bet and RORγt, respectively, was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS A total of 6402 lincRNAs were expressed, 960 of which were novel. Unsupervised clustering and principal component analysis showed that the lincRNA expression discriminated patients from controls. A total of 1792 lincRNAs were DE, and 295 [79 novel; 216 known] mapped to 267 of 5727 DE protein-coding genes. The novel lincRNAs were enriched in inflammatory and Notch signalling pathways [p <0.05]. Furthermore, DE lincRNAs in CD patients were more frequently found in DNA regions with known inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]-associated loci. The novel lincRNA XLOC_000261 negatively regulated RORγt expression in Th17 cells. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel set of DE lincRNAs in CD-associated CD4+ cells and demonstrate that novel lincRNA XLOC_000261 appears to negatively regulate RORγt protein expression in Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel B Braga-Neto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph M Gaballa
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adebowale O Bamidele
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Olga F Sarmento
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Phyllis Svingen
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle Gonzalez
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Guilherme Piovezani Ramos
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary R Sagstetter
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Zhifu Sun
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Zarak-Crnkovic M, Kania G, Jaźwa-Kusior A, Czepiel M, Wijnen WJ, Czyż J, Müller-Edenborn B, Vdovenko D, Lindner D, Gil-Cruz C, Bachmann M, Westermann D, Ludewig B, Distler O, Lüscher TF, Klingel K, Eriksson U, Błyszczuk P. Heart non-specific effector CD4 + T cells protect from postinflammatory fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 115:6. [PMID: 31863205 PMCID: PMC6925074 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart-specific CD4+ T cells have been implicated in development and progression of myocarditis in mice and in humans. Here, using mouse models of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) we investigated the role of heart non-specific CD4+ T cells in the progression of the disease. Heart non-specific CD4+ T cells were obtained from DO11.10 mice expressing transgenic T cell receptor recognizing chicken ovalbumin. We found that heart infiltrating CD4+ T cells expressed exclusively effector (Teff) phenotype in the EAM model and in hearts of patients with lymphocytic myocarditis. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that while heart-specific Teff infiltrated the heart shortly after injection, heart non-specific Teff effectively accumulated during myocarditis and became the major heart-infiltrating CD4+ T cell subset at later stage. Restimulation of co-cultured heart-specific and heart non-specific CD4+ T cells with alpha-myosin heavy chain antigen showed mainly Th1/Th17 response for heart-specific Teff and up-regulation of a distinct set of extracellular signalling molecules in heart non-specific Teff. Adoptive transfer of heart non-specific Teff in mice with myocarditis did not affect inflammation severity at the peak of disease, but protected the heart from adverse post-inflammatory fibrotic remodelling and cardiac dysfunction at later stages of disease. Furthermore, mouse and human Teff stimulated in vitro with common gamma cytokines suppressed expression of profibrotic genes, reduced amount of α-smooth muscle actin filaments and decreased contraction of cardiac fibroblasts. In this study, we provided a proof-of-concept that heart non-specific Teff cells could effectively contribute to myocarditis and protect the heart from the dilated cardiomyopathy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zarak-Crnkovic
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Kania
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcin Czepiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children's Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
| | - Winandus J Wijnen
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Björn Müller-Edenborn
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, GZO-Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Daria Vdovenko
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Lindner
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marta Bachmann
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, GZO-Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children's Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland.
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Kim C, Jadhav RR, Gustafson CE, Smithey MJ, Hirsch AJ, Uhrlaub JL, Hildebrand WH, Nikolich-Žugich J, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Defects in Antiviral T Cell Responses Inflicted by Aging-Associated miR-181a Deficiency. Cell Rep 2019; 29:2202-2216.e5. [PMID: 31747595 PMCID: PMC6957231 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of protective immunity to infections and vaccinations declines with age. Studies in healthy individuals have implicated reduced miR-181a expression in T cells as contributing to this defect. To understand the impact of miR-181a expression on antiviral responses, we examined LCMV infection in mice with miR-181ab1-deficient T cells. We found that miR-181a deficiency delays viral clearance, thereby biasing the immune response in favor of CD4 over CD8 T cells. Antigen-specific CD4 T cells in mice with miR-181a-deficient T cells expand more and have a broader TCR repertoire with preferential expansion of high-affinity T cells than in wild-type mice. Importantly, generation of antigen-specific miR-181a-deficient CD8 effector T cells is particularly impaired, resulting in lower frequencies of CD8 T cells in the liver even at time points when the infection has been cleared. Consistent with the mouse model, CD4 memory T cells in individuals infected with West Nile virus at older ages tend to be more frequent and of higher affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwoo Kim
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Rohit R Jadhav
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Claire E Gustafson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Alec J Hirsch
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - William H Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
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Yánez DC, Lau CI, Chawda MM, Ross S, Furmanski AL, Crompton T. Hedgehog signaling promotes T H2 differentiation in naive human CD4 T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1419-1423.e1. [PMID: 31351102 PMCID: PMC6843897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L Furmanski
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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35
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Yanes RE, Zhang H, Shen Y, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Metabolic reprogramming in memory CD4 T cell responses of old adults. Clin Immunol 2019; 207:58-67. [PMID: 31279855 PMCID: PMC6827883 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether aging affects the ability of T cells to undergo metabolic reprogramming upon activation, we compared CD4 T cell responses after polyclonal in vitro stimulation. Compared to younger adults, CD4 memory T cells from healthy older individuals exhibited a higher upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation with increased production of reactive oxygen species and intracellular and secreted ATP. Increased ATP secretion led to increased purinergic signaling and P2X7-dependent increases in cytoplasmic calcium. The increased mitochondrial activity was not due to a difference in activation-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 was higher, conversely that of fatty acid synthase was reduced in older T cells, resulting in increased fatty acid oxidation, while depleting intracellular lipid stores. The aged CD4 memory T cells therefore maintain a more catabolic state in lipid metabolism, while their ability to upregulate glycolysis upon activation is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando E Yanes
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
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36
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Sadiyah MF, Roychoudhuri R. Genome-Wide Measurement and Computational Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding and Chromatin Accessibility in Lymphocytes. Curr Protoc Immunol 2019; 126:e84. [PMID: 31483104 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the adaptive immune system, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as B cells, possess the ability to undergo dynamic changes in population size, differentiation state, and function to counteract diverse and temporally stochastic threats from the external environment. To achieve this, lymphocytes must be able to rapidly control their gene-expression programs in a cell-type-specific manner and in response to extrinsic signals. Such capacity is provided by transcription factors (TFs), which bind to the available repertoire of regulatory DNA elements in distinct lymphocyte subsets to program cell-type-specific gene expression. Here we provide a set of protocols that utilize massively parallel sequencing-based approaches to map genome-wide TF-binding sites and accessible chromatin, with consideration of the unique aspects and technical issues facing their application to lymphocytes. We show how to computationally validate and analyze aligned data to map differentially enriched/accessible sites, identify enriched DNA sequence motifs, and detect the position of nucleosomes adjacent to accessible DNA elements. These techniques, when applied to immune cells, can enhance our understanding of how gene-expression programs are controlled within lymphocytes to coordinate immune function in homeostasis and disease. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Firas Sadiyah
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Targeting specific T cell subtypes and intervening in their function are emerging a critical strategy for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here we report that an RNA CD30 aptamer was utilized to deliver short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to CD30+ T cells to target retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), leading to impaired expression of RORγt and suppression of IL-17A and IL-17F. A DNA template consisting of CD30 aptamer and RORγt shRNA sequences was synthesized and was transcribed CD30 aptamer-RORγt shRNA chimera (CD30-AshR-RORγt). Insertion of 2'-F-dCTP and 2'-FdUTP was incorporated during CD30-AshR-RORγt transcription to increase its resistance to RNase. CD30-AshR-RORγt was specifically up-taken by CD30+ Karpas 299 cells, but not by Jurkat cells which lack CD30. It was also up-taken by activated, CD30 expressing human CD4+T cells, but not by resting CD4+ T cells. The RORγt shRNA moiety of CD30-AshR-RORγt chimera was cleaved and released by Dicers. Then, CD30-AshR-RORγt suppressed RORγt gene expression in Karpas 299 cells and activated human CD4+ T cells. Consistently, silence of Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17A and IL-17F synthesis with CD30-AshR-RORγt was demonstrated in activated human CD4+ T cells from healthy donors and RA patients. CD30-AshR-negative control chimera and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-AshR-RORγt had no significant impact on the expression of RORγt or IL-17A and IL-17F. These data present a novel strategy for shRNA delivery using CD30 RNA aptamers to down-regulate CD30+ Th17 cells and can be developed as a targeted therapy for treating Th17 cell mediated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shi
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Pingfang Song
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shao Tao
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Marcus N, Stauber T, Lev A, Simon AJ, Stein J, Broides A, Somekh I, Almashanu S, Somech R. MHC II deficient infant identified by newborn screening program for SCID. Immunol Res 2019; 66:537-542. [PMID: 30084052 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) programs for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), using the TREC-based assay, have enabled early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and eventually changed the natural history of affected infants. Nevertheless, it was believed that some affected infants with residual T cell, such as patients with MHC II deficiency, will be misdiagnosed by this assay. A full immune workup and genetic analysis using direct Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing have been performed to a patient that was identified by the Israeli NBS program for SCID. The patient was found to have severe CD4 lymphopenia with an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio, low TREC levels in peripheral blood, abnormal response to mitogen stimulation, and a skewed T cell receptor repertoire. HLA-DR expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes was undetectable suggesting a diagnosis of MHC II deficiency. Direct sequencing of the RFX5 gene revealed a stop codon change (p. R239X, c. C715T), which could cause the patient's immune phenotype. His parents were found to be heterozygote carriers for the mutation. Whole exome sequencing could not identify other potential mutations to explain his immunodeficiency. The patient underwent successful conditioned hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from healthy matched unrelated donor and is currently well and alive with full chimerism. Infants with MHC class II deficiency can potentially be identified by the TREC-based assay NBS for SCID. Therefore, MHC II molecules (e.g., HLA-DR) measurement should be part of the confirmatory immune-phenotyping for patients with positive screening results. This will make the diagnosis of such patients straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nufar Marcus
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Kipper Institute of Immunology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Stauber
- Pediatric Department A, Pediatric Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Atar Lev
- Pediatric Department A, Pediatric Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Amos J Simon
- Pediatric Department A, Pediatric Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jerry Stein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department for Hemato-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Arnon Broides
- Pediatric Immunology Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ido Somekh
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shlomo Almashanu
- The National Center for Newborn Screening, Ministry of Health, 52621, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Pediatric Department A, Pediatric Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- The National Lab for Confirming Primary Immunodeficiency in Newborn Screening Center for Newborn Screening, Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
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Cao D, Zhao J, Nguyan LN, Nguyen LNT, Khanal S, Dang X, Schank M, Chand Thakuri BK, Wu XY, Morrison ZD, El Gazzar M, Zou Y, Ning S, Wang L, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Disruption of Telomere Integrity and DNA Repair Machineries by KML001 Induces T Cell Senescence, Apoptosis, and Cellular Dysfunctions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1152. [PMID: 31191531 PMCID: PMC6540964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells in chronic viral infections are featured by premature aging with accelerated telomere erosion, but the mechanisms underlying telomere attrition remain unclear. Here, we employed human CD4 T cells treated with KML001 (a telomere-targeting drug) as a model to investigate the role of telomere integrity in remodeling T cell senescence. We demonstrated that KML001 could inhibit cell proliferation, cytokine production, and promote apoptosis via disrupting telomere integrity and DNA repair machineries. Specifically, KML001-treated T cells increased dysfunctional telomere-induced foci (TIF), DNA damage marker γH2AX, and topoisomerase cleavage complex (TOPcc) accumulation, leading to telomere attrition. Mechanistically, KML001 compromised telomere integrity by inhibiting telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2), telomerase, topoisomerase I and II alpha (Top1/2a), and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase activities. Importantly, these KML001-induced telomeric DNA damage and T cell senescent phenotype and machineries recapitulated our findings in patients with clinical HCV or HIV infection in that their T cells were also senescent with short telomeres and thus more vulnerable to KML001-induced apoptosis. These results shed new insights on the T cell aging network that is critical and essential in protecting chromosomal telomeres from unwanted DNA damage and securing T cell survival during cell crisis upon genomic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Lam N. Nguyan
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Lam N. T. Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Bal K. Chand Thakuri
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Zheng D. Morrison
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Yue Zou
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson, TN, United States
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Shin SH, Cho KA, Hahn S, Lee Y, Kim YH, Woo SY, Ryu KH, Park WJ, Park JW. Inhibiting Sphingosine Kinase 2 Derived-sphingosine-1-phosphate Ameliorates Psoriasis-like Skin Disease via Blocking Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes in Mice. Acta Derm Venereol 2019; 99:594-601. [PMID: 30834454 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signalling sphingolipid metabolite that regulates important cell processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Circulating S1P levels have been reported to be increased in patients with psoriasis relative to healthy patients. The aim of this study was to examine the potency of S1P inhibition using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model. Both topical ceramidase and sphingosine kinase 1/2 inhibition, which blocks S1P generation, alleviated imiquimod-induced skin lesions and reduced the serum interleukin 17-A levels induced by application of imiquimod. These treatments also normalized skin mRNA levels of genes associated with inflammation and keratinocyte differentiation. Inhibition of sphingosine kinase 2, but not sphingosine kinase 1, diminished levels of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 and blocked T helper type 17 differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells; imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin symptoms were also ameliorated. These results indicate the distinct effects of sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine kinase 2 inhibition on T helper type 17 generation and suggest molecules that inhibit S1P formation, including ceramidase and sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors, as novel therapeutic candidates for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of medicine, Ewha Womans University, 07985 Seoul, Korea
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Walter O, Treiner E, Bonneville F, Mengelle C, Vergez F, Lerebours F, Delobel P, Liblau R, Martin-Blondel G. Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Nivolumab. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1674-1676. [PMID: 30969500 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1816198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - François Vergez
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Roland Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
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Cortese I, Muranski P, Enose-Akahata Y, Ha SK, Smith B, Monaco M, Ryschkewitsch C, Major EO, Ohayon J, Schindler MK, Beck E, Reoma LB, Jacobson S, Reich DS, Nath A. Pembrolizumab Treatment for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1597-1605. [PMID: 30969503 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1815039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic brain infection that is caused by the JC virus and is typically fatal unless immune function can be restored. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a negative regulator of the immune response that may contribute to impaired viral clearance. Whether PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab could reinvigorate anti-JC virus immune activity in patients with PML was unknown. METHODS We administered pembrolizumab at a dose of 2 mg per kilogram of body weight every 4 to 6 weeks to eight adults with PML, each with a different underlying predisposing condition. Each patient received at least one dose but no more than three doses. RESULTS Pembrolizumab induced down-regulation of PD-1 expression on lymphocytes in peripheral blood and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in all eight patients. Five patients had clinical improvement or stabilization of PML accompanied by a reduction in the JC viral load in the CSF and an increase in in vitro CD4+ and CD8+ anti-JC virus activity. In the other three patients, no meaningful change was observed in the viral load or in the magnitude of antiviral cellular immune response, and there was no clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that in some patients with PML, pembrolizumab reduces JC viral load and increases CD4+ and CD8+ activity against the JC virus; clinical improvement or stabilization occurred in five of the eight patients who received pembrolizumab. Further study of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of PML is warranted. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cortese
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Pawel Muranski
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Yoshimi Enose-Akahata
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Seung-Kwon Ha
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Bryan Smith
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - MariaChiara Monaco
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Caroline Ryschkewitsch
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Eugene O Major
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Joan Ohayon
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Matthew K Schindler
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Erin Beck
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Lauren B Reoma
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Steve Jacobson
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Daniel S Reich
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
| | - Avindra Nath
- From the Neuroimmunology Clinic (I.C., J.O.), the Viral Immunology Section (Y.E.-A., S.J.), the Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S., L.B.R., A.N.), the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (M.M., C.R., E.O.M.), and the Translational Neuroradiology Section (S.-K.H., M.K.S., E.B., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (P.M.)
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Azizi G, Bagheri Y, Yazdani R, Zaki-Dizaji M, Jamee M, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Kamali AN, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A. The profile of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and GATA3 in patients with LRBA deficiency and CVID with no known monogenic disease: Association with disease severity. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:172-178. [PMID: 30193889 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic form of primary immunodeficiency (PID). LPS-responsive beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a CVID-like phenotype. T cell abnormality was reported in patients with CVID and LRBA deficiency. The study's aim was to evaluate IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and GATA3 expression in patients with LRBA deficiency and CVID with no known monogenic disease, and further evaluate its relevance with immunological futures and clinical complications of patients. METHODS The study population comprised patients with CVID, LRBA deficiency and age-sex matched healthy controls. Mutation analysis was done by whole exome sequencing in CVID patients to rule out monogenic PIDs. After CD4+ T cell stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies, gene expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and transcription factor GATA3 was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein of mentioned cytokines was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The main clinical presentations of CVID patients were infections only and lymphoproliferations phenotypes, but in LRBA patients were autoimmune and enteropathy phenotype. The frequencies of CD4+ T cells were significantly reduced in LRBA and CVID patients. There were no statistically significant differences among GATA3, IL4, and IL5 gene expressions by CD4+ T cells of patients and controls, however, the IL10 expressions in CVID patients was significantly lower than in LRBA patients and HCs. As compared with HCs, CVID patients showed a prominent decrease in IL-4 and IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that patients with CVID and LRBA deficiency (even with severe infectious and inflammatory complications) have not imbalance in Th2 response, which is in parallel with lower frequency of allergy and asthma in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Y Bagheri
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), 5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Zaki-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Jamee
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - F Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A N Kamali
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - H Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen Q, Zhang X, Xiong Y, Chen C, Lv S. The CD25+/CD4+ T cell ratio and levels of CII, CIX and CXI antibodies in serum may serve as biomarkers of pristane-induced arthritis in rats and Rheumatoid Arthritis in humans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:25-31. [PMID: 30472493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Collagen antibodies in serum are involved in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The objective of this study was to identify the subtype of collagen antibodies and T cell subtype distribution in pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) and to clarify their roles in the initiation and maintenance of arthritis. METHODS Arthritis was induced in Dark Agouti (DA) rats by injection of pristane. The severity was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic score systems. The alteration of CD25+/CD4+ T cell ratio in rats was detected by flow cytometry. Collagen type II (CII), CIX, or CXI antibody in serum was determined by ELISA. The levels of Nitric oxide (NO) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were measured by kits. RESULTS The serum levels of CII, CIX, CXI antibodies were significantly increased in RA patients while slightly increased in PIA rats. The ratio of CD25+/CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in RA rats than that in the control group. The serum levels of NO and TRAP in PIA rats and RA patients were higher than that in the control groups, which suggested that the activity of osteoclast was increased in RA. CONCLUSION The ratio of CD25+/CD4+ T cells plays a pivotal role in the development of PIA. The serum levels of NO and TRAP are inflammatory and osteoclast activity indicators. The serum levels of CII, CIX and CXI antibodies may serve as the clinical diagnostic indicators. These findings are important to our understanding of the pathogenesis of RA, and may provide biomarkers of RA diagnosis and therapeutic targets for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, P.R. China
| | - Yongmin Xiong
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, P.R. China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Endocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Shemin Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, P.R. China
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Shahbaz S, Bozorgmehr N, Koleva P, Namdar A, Jovel J, Fava RA, Elahi S. CD71+VISTA+ erythroid cells promote the development and function of regulatory T cells through TGF-β. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006649. [PMID: 30550561 PMCID: PMC6310287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface transferrin receptor (CD71+) erythroid cells are abundant in newborns with immunomodulatory properties. Here, we show that neonatal CD71+ erythroid cells express significant levels of V-domain Immunoglobulin (Ig) Suppressor of T Cell Activation (VISTA) and, via constitutive production of transforming growth factor (TGF)- β, play a pivotal role in promotion of naïve CD4+ T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Interestingly, we discovered that CD71+VISTA+ erythroid cells produce significantly higher levels of TGF-β compared to CD71+VISTA− erythroid cells and CD71+ erythroid cells from the VISTA knock-out (KO) mice. As a result, CD71+VISTA+ erythroid cells—compared to CD71+VISTA− and CD71+ erythroid cells from the VISTA KO mice—significantly exceed promotion of naïve CD4+ T cells into induced Tregs (iTreg) via TGF-β in vitro. However, depletion of CD71+ erythroid cells had no significant effects on the frequency of Tregs in vivo. Surprisingly, we observed that the remaining and/or newly generated CD71+ erythroid cells following anti-CD71 antibody administration exhibit a different gene expression profile, evidenced by the up-regulation of VISTA, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and program death ligand-1 (PDL-1), which may account as a compensatory mechanism for the maintenance of Treg population. We also observed that iTreg development by CD71+ erythroid cells is mediated through the inhibition of key signaling molecules phosphorylated protein kinase B (phospho-Akt) and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (phospho-mTOR). Finally, we found that elimination of Tregs using forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)-diptheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice resulted in a significant expansion in the frequency of CD71+ erythroid cells in vivo. Collectively, these studies provide a novel, to our knowledge, insight into the cross-talk between CD71+ erythroid cells and Tregs in newborns. Our results highlight the biological role of CD71+ erythroid cells in the neonatal period and possibly beyond. The primary role of the red blood cells is to transport oxygen, but we know relatively little about the other functions they perform. Following maturation, red blood cells exit the bone marrow and enter blood circulation. Their immature counterparts are normally absent or in very low frequency in the blood of healthy adults. However, we showed previously that immature red blood cells are abundant in the spleens of neonatal mice and in human umbilical cord blood and that these cells possess immunological properties. In this report, we studied a subset of neonatal immature red blood cells that express a protein called V-domain Immunoglobulin (Ig) Suppressor of T Cell Activation (VISTA) on their surface. We found that the presence of VISTA enables the cells to repeatedly produce the regulatory cytokine TGF-β. TGF-β induces a subset of naïve lymphocytes—the CD4+ T cells—and converts them into regulatory T cells, also known as Tregs. Tregs modulate and suppress other immune cells. Our studies provide novel insights, to our knowledge, into the immunological role of immature red blood cells in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahbaz
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Najmeh Bozorgmehr
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Petya Koleva
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- The Applied Genomics Core, Office of Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Roy A. Fava
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, White River Junction, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Pulugulla SH, Packard TA, Galloway NLK, Grimmett ZW, Doitsh G, Adamik J, Galson DL, Greene WC, Auron PE. Distinct mechanisms regulate IL1B gene transcription in lymphoid CD4 T cells and monocytes. Cytokine 2018; 111:373-381. [PMID: 30300855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine important for both normal immune responses and chronic inflammatory diseases. The regulation of the 31 kDa proIL-1β precursor coded by the IL1B gene has been extensively studied in myeloid cells, but not in lymphoid-derived CD4 T cells. Surprisingly, we found that some CD4 T cell subsets express higher levels of proIL-1β than unstimulated monocytes, despite relatively low IL1B mRNA levels. We observed a significant increase in IL1B transcription and translation in CD4 T cells upon ex vivo CD3/CD28 activation, and a similar elevation in the CCR5+ effector memory population compared to CCR5- T cells in vivo. The rapid and vigorous increase in IL1B gene transcription for stimulated monocytes has previously been associated with the presence of Spi-1/PU.1 (Spi1), a myeloid-lineage transcription factor, pre-bound to the promoter. In the case of CD4 T cells, this increase occurred despite the lack of detectable Spi1 at the IL1B promoter. Additionally, we found altered epigenetic regulation of the IL1B locus in CD3/CD28-activated CD4 T cells. Unlike monocytes, activated CD4 T cells possess bivalent H3K4me3+/H3K27me3+ nucleosome marks at the IL1B promoter, reflecting low transcriptional activity. These results support a model in which the IL1B gene in CD4 T cells is transcribed from a low-activity bivalent promoter independent of Spi1. Accumulated cytoplasmic proIL-1β may ultimately be cleaved to mature 17 kDa bioactive IL-1β, regulating T cell polarization and pathogenic chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree H Pulugulla
- Duquesne University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Thomas A Packard
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Nicole L K Galloway
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Zachary W Grimmett
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Gilad Doitsh
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Juraj Adamik
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center & McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Philip E Auron
- Duquesne University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
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Eling N, Richard AC, Richardson S, Marioni JC, Vallejos CA. Correcting the Mean-Variance Dependency for Differential Variability Testing Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data. Cell Syst 2018; 7:284-294.e12. [PMID: 30172840 PMCID: PMC6167088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell transcriptional variability in otherwise homogeneous cell populations plays an important role in tissue function and development. Single-cell RNA sequencing can characterize this variability in a transcriptome-wide manner. However, technical variation and the confounding between variability and mean expression estimates hinder meaningful comparison of expression variability between cell populations. To address this problem, we introduce an analysis approach that extends the BASiCS statistical framework to derive a residual measure of variability that is not confounded by mean expression. This includes a robust procedure for quantifying technical noise in experiments where technical spike-in molecules are not available. We illustrate how our method provides biological insight into the dynamics of cell-to-cell expression variability, highlighting a synchronization of biosynthetic machinery components in immune cells upon activation. In contrast to the uniform up-regulation of the biosynthetic machinery, CD4+ T cells show heterogeneous up-regulation of immune-related and lineage-defining genes during activation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Eling
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Arianne C Richard
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sylvia Richardson
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Catalina A Vallejos
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK; Department of Statistical Science, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XY, UK.
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Jelcic I, Al Nimer F, Wang J, Lentsch V, Planas R, Jelcic I, Madjovski A, Ruhrmann S, Faigle W, Frauenknecht K, Pinilla C, Santos R, Hammer C, Ortiz Y, Opitz L, Grönlund H, Rogler G, Boyman O, Reynolds R, Lutterotti A, Khademi M, Olsson T, Piehl F, Sospedra M, Martin R. Memory B Cells Activate Brain-Homing, Autoreactive CD4 + T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Cell 2018; 175:85-100.e23. [PMID: 30173916 PMCID: PMC6191934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that is caused by the interplay of genetic, particularly the HLA-DR15 haplotype, and environmental risk factors. How these etiologic factors contribute to generating an autoreactive CD4+ T cell repertoire is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that self-reactivity, defined as “autoproliferation” of peripheral Th1 cells, is elevated in patients carrying the HLA-DR15 haplotype. Autoproliferation is mediated by memory B cells in a HLA-DR-dependent manner. Depletion of B cells in vitro and therapeutically in vivo by anti-CD20 effectively reduces T cell autoproliferation. T cell receptor deep sequencing showed that in vitro autoproliferating T cells are enriched for brain-homing T cells. Using an unbiased epitope discovery approach, we identified RASGRP2 as target autoantigen that is expressed in the brain and B cells. These findings will be instrumental to address important questions regarding pathogenic B-T cell interactions in multiple sclerosis and possibly also to develop novel therapies. Autoproliferation of CD4+ T cells and B cells is involved in multiple sclerosis The main genetic factor of MS, HLA-DR15, plays a central role in autoproliferation Memory B cells drive autoproliferation of Th1 brain-homing CD4+ T cells Autoproliferating T cells recognize antigens expressed in B cells and brain lesions
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jelcic
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Wang
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Verena Lentsch
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Planas
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilijas Jelcic
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandar Madjovski
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Faigle
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Frauenknecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clemencia Pinilla
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies (TPIMS), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Radleigh Santos
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies (TPIMS), Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Christian Hammer
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yaneth Ortiz
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Therapeutic Immune Design Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Lutterotti
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hu S, Du X, Huang Y, Fu Y, Yang Y, Zhan X, He W, Wen Q, Zhou X, Zhou C, Zhong XP, Yang J, Xiong W, Wang R, Gao Y, Ma L. NLRC3 negatively regulates CD4+ T cells and impacts protective immunity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007266. [PMID: 30133544 PMCID: PMC6122840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRC3, a member of the NLR family, has been reported as a negative regulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in innate immune cells. However, the direct role of NLRC3 in modulation of CD4+ T-cell responses in infectious diseases has not been studied. In the present study, we showed that NLRC3 plays an intrinsic role by suppressing the CD4+ T cell phenotype in lung and spleen, including differentiation, activation, and proliferation. NLRC3 deficiency in CD4+ T cells enhanced the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Finally, we demonstrated that NLRC3 deficiency promoted the activation, proliferation, and cytokine production of CD4+ T cells via negatively regulating the NF-κB and MEK-ERK signaling pathways. This study reveals a critical role of NLRC3 as a direct regulator of the adaptive immune response and its protective effects on immunity during M. tuberculosis infection. Our findings also suggested that NLRC3 serves as a potential target for therapeutic intervention against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Hu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Du
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Fu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhan
- Department of laboratory medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting He
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchi Gao
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Habtetsion T, Ding ZC, Pi W, Li T, Lu C, Chen T, Xi C, Spartz H, Liu K, Hao Z, Mivechi N, Huo Y, Blazar BR, Munn DH, Zhou G. Alteration of Tumor Metabolism by CD4+ T Cells Leads to TNF-α-Dependent Intensification of Oxidative Stress and Tumor Cell Death. Cell Metab 2018; 28:228-242.e6. [PMID: 29887396 PMCID: PMC6082691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of cancer on T cell metabolism have been well established, but the metabolic impact of immunotherapy on tumor cells is poorly understood. Here, we developed a CD4+ T cell-based adoptive immunotherapy protocol that was curative for mice with implanted colorectal tumors. By conducting metabolic profiling on tumors, we show that adoptive immunotherapy profoundly altered tumor metabolism, resulting in glutathione depletion and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells. We further demonstrate that T cell-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) can synergize with chemotherapy to intensify oxidative stress and tumor cell death in an NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen) oxidase-dependent manner. Reduction of oxidative stress, by preventing TNF-α-signaling in tumor cells or scavenging ROS, antagonized the therapeutic effects of adoptive immunotherapy. Conversely, provision of pro-oxidants after chemotherapy can partially recapitulate the antitumor effects of T cell transfer. These findings imply that reinforcing tumor oxidative stress represents an important mechanism underlying the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsadik Habtetsion
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zhi-Chun Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wenhu Pi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Oncology and Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia Province 750004, PR China
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Caixia Xi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Molecular Chaperone Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Helena Spartz
- Department of Pathology, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhonglin Hao
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nahid Mivechi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Molecular Chaperone Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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