1
|
Zhang W, Cao X, Zhong X, Wu H, Shi Y, Feng M, Wang YC, Ann D, Gwack Y, Yuan YC, Shang W, Sun Z. SRC2 controls CD4 + T cell activation via stimulating c-Myc-mediated upregulation of amino acid transporter Slc7a5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221352120. [PMID: 37094160 PMCID: PMC10160970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221352120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell activation stimulates substantially increased protein synthesis activity to accumulate sufficient biomass for cell proliferation. The protein synthesis is fueled by the amino acids transported from the environment. Steroid nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (SRC2) is a member of a family of transcription coactivators. Here, we show that SRC2 recruited by c-Myc enhances CD4+ T cell activation to stimulate immune responses via upregulation of amino acid transporter Slc7a5. Mice deficient of SRC2 in T cells (SRC2fl/fl/CD4Cre) are resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and susceptible to Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) infection. Adoptive transfer of naive CD4+ T cells from SRC2fl/fl/CD4Cre mice fails to elicit EAE and colitis in Rag1/ recipients. Further, CD4+ T cells from SRC2fl/fl/CD4Cre mice display defective T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, SRC2 functions as a coactivator to work together with c-Myc to stimulate the expression of amino acid transporter Slc7a5 required for T cell activation. Slc7a5 fails to be up-regulated in CD4+ T cells from SRC2fl/fl/CD4Cre mice, and forced expression of Slc7a5 rescues proliferation, cytokine production, and the ability of SRC2fl/fl/CD4Cre CD4+ T cells to induce EAE. Therefore, SRC2 is essential for CD4+ T cell activation and, thus, a potential drug target for controlling CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Zhang
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Xiancai Zhong
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Hongmin Wu
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Yi-Chang Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complication and Metabolism, Arthur Rigs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - David Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complication and Metabolism, Arthur Rigs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Division of Translational Bioinformatic, Bioinformatics Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Weirong Shang
- Department of Gynecology and Obsterics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campbell GR, Bruckman RS, Chu YL, Trout RN, Spector SA. SMAC Mimetics Induce Autophagy-Dependent Apoptosis of HIV-1-Infected Resting Memory CD4+ T Cells. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:689-702.e7. [PMID: 30344003 PMCID: PMC6250054 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells (TCM) are a major reservoir of latent HIV infection. We hypothesized that latent HIV-TCM cells are maintained by aberrant expression of cell survival factors, including XIAP, BIRC2/cIAP1, and beclin-1. DIABLO/SMAC mimetics are therapeutic agents that compromise cell survival by hijacking host apoptotic machinery. We found that DIABLO/SMAC mimetics (birinapant, GDC-0152, and embelin) selectively kill HIV-TCM without increasing virus production or targeting uninfected TCM. Treatment of HIV-TCM with DIABLO/SMAC mimetics promoted XIAP and BIRC2 degradation, which triggered autophagy and the formation of a cell death complex consisting of pro-apoptotic (FADD, RIPK1, RIPK3, and caspase 8) and autophagy (ATG5, ATG7, and SQSTM1) proteins. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy induction, but not autophagy-mediated degradation, abrogated this interaction and subsequent cell death. Our findings identify a mechanism whereby DIABLO/SMAC mimetics exploit autophagy and apoptotic machinery to selectively induce killing of HIV-TCM without viral reactivation while sparing uninfected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rachel S Bruckman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Chu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rodney N Trout
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Habtetsion T, Ding ZC, Pi W, Li T, Lu C, Chen T, Xi C, Spartz H, Liu K, Hao Z, Mivechi N, Huo Y, Blazar BR, Munn DH, Zhou G. Alteration of Tumor Metabolism by CD4+ T Cells Leads to TNF-α-Dependent Intensification of Oxidative Stress and Tumor Cell Death. Cell Metab 2018; 28:228-242.e6. [PMID: 29887396 PMCID: PMC6082691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of cancer on T cell metabolism have been well established, but the metabolic impact of immunotherapy on tumor cells is poorly understood. Here, we developed a CD4+ T cell-based adoptive immunotherapy protocol that was curative for mice with implanted colorectal tumors. By conducting metabolic profiling on tumors, we show that adoptive immunotherapy profoundly altered tumor metabolism, resulting in glutathione depletion and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells. We further demonstrate that T cell-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) can synergize with chemotherapy to intensify oxidative stress and tumor cell death in an NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen) oxidase-dependent manner. Reduction of oxidative stress, by preventing TNF-α-signaling in tumor cells or scavenging ROS, antagonized the therapeutic effects of adoptive immunotherapy. Conversely, provision of pro-oxidants after chemotherapy can partially recapitulate the antitumor effects of T cell transfer. These findings imply that reinforcing tumor oxidative stress represents an important mechanism underlying the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsadik Habtetsion
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zhi-Chun Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wenhu Pi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Oncology and Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia Province 750004, PR China
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Caixia Xi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Molecular Chaperone Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Helena Spartz
- Department of Pathology, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhonglin Hao
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nahid Mivechi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Molecular Chaperone Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15(th) Street, CN-4140, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cavrois M, Banerjee T, Mukherjee G, Raman N, Hussien R, Rodriguez BA, Vasquez J, Spitzer MH, Lazarus NH, Jones JJ, Ochsenbauer C, McCune JM, Butcher EC, Arvin AM, Sen N, Greene WC, Roan NR. Mass Cytometric Analysis of HIV Entry, Replication, and Remodeling in Tissue CD4+ T Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 20:984-998. [PMID: 28746881 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize susceptibility to HIV infection, we phenotyped infected tonsillar T cells by single-cell mass cytometry and created comprehensive maps to identify which subsets of CD4+ T cells support HIV fusion and productive infection. By comparing HIV-fused and HIV-infected cells through dimensionality reduction, clustering, and statistical approaches to account for viral perturbations, we identified a subset of memory CD4+ T cells that support HIV entry but not viral gene expression. These cells express high levels of CD127, the IL-7 receptor, and are believed to be long-lived lymphocytes. In HIV-infected patients, CD127-expressing cells preferentially localize to extrafollicular lymphoid regions with limited viral replication. Thus, CyTOF-based phenotyping, combined with analytical approaches to distinguish between selective infection and receptor modulation by viruses, can be used as a discovery tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Cavrois
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trambak Banerjee
- Department of Data Sciences and Operations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gourab Mukherjee
- Department of Data Sciences and Operations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nandhini Raman
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rajaa Hussien
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Brandon Aguilar Rodriguez
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Joshua Vasquez
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Nicole H Lazarus
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA; Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research and the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1290, USA
| | - Jennifer J Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233-1912, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233-1912, USA; Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-2107, USA
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA; Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research and the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1290, USA
| | - Ann M Arvin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
| | - Nandini Sen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
| | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nadia R Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akhade AS, Qadri A. T-cell receptor activation of human CD4(+) T cells shifts the innate TLR response from CXCL8(hi) IFN-γ(null) to CXCL8(lo) IFN-γ(hi). Eur J Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26205220 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a major part in providing innate immunity against pathogenic microorganisms. Recent studies show that these receptors are also expressed on T cells, which are the sentinels of adaptive immunity. Here, we have investigated the regulatory role of the T-cell receptor in the functioning of these innate receptors in T cells. We show that freshly isolated human CD4(+) T cells readily secrete the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8 upon activation with the TLR ligands Pam3CSK and flagellin. In contrast, TCR-activated cells secrete considerably less CXCL8 but start producing IFN-γ upon stimulation with TLR agonists in the absence of concomitant TCR engagement. These T cells show increased activation of p38 and JNK MAP-kinases in response to TLR stimulation, and inhibition of p38 abrogates TLR-induced IFN-γ secretion. The shifting of the T-cell innate immune response from CXCL8(hi) IFN-γ(null) in freshly isolated to CXCL8(lo) IFN-γ(hi) in activated T cells is also observed in response to endogenous innate stimulus, IL-1. These results suggest that the innate immune response of human CD4(+) T cells switches from a proinflammatory to an effector type following activation of these cells through the antigen receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay S Akhade
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayub Qadri
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vieira Braga FA, Hertoghs KML, van Lier RAW, van Gisbergen KPJM. Molecular characterization of HCMV-specific immune responses: Parallels between CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) T cells, and NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2433-45. [PMID: 26228786 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells are important for immunity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The HCMV-specific CD8(+) T-cell response is characterized by the accumulation of terminally differentiated effector cells that have downregulated the costimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28. These HCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells maintain high levels of cytotoxic molecules such as granzyme B and rapidly produce the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ upon activation. Remarkably, HCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells are able to persist long term as fully functional effector cells, suggesting a unique differentiation pathway that is distinct from the formation of memory CD8(+) T cells after infection with acute viruses. In this review, we aim to highlight the most recent developments in HCMV-specific CD8(+) T-cell differentiation, maintenance, tissue distribution, metabolism and function. HCMV also induces the differentiation of effector CD4(+) T cells and NK cells, which share characteristics with HCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells. We propose that the overlap in differentiation of NK cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells after HCMV infection may be regulated by a shared transcriptional machinery. A better understanding of the molecular framework of HCMV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses may benefit vaccine design, as these cells uniquely combine the capacity to rapidly respond to infection with long-term survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Vieira Braga
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten M L Hertoghs
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|