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Zhu Y, Tan J, Wang Y, Gong Y, Zhang X, Yuan Z, Lu X, Tang H, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Zhu W, Gong L. Atg5 deficiency in macrophages protects against kidney fibrosis via the CCR6-CCL20 axis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:223. [PMID: 38594728 PMCID: PMC11003172 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that regulates macrophage activation, differentiation, and polarization. Autophagy related 5 (Atg5) is a key protein involved in phagocytic membrane elongation in autophagic vesicles that forms a complex with Atg12 and Atg16L1. Alterations in Atg5 are related to both acute and chronic kidney diseases in experimental models. However, the role of macrophage-expressed Atg5 in acute kidney injury remains unclear. METHODS Using a myeloid cell-specific Atg5 knockout (MΦ atg5-/-) mouse, we established renal ischemia/reperfusion and unilateral ureteral obstruction models to evaluate the role of macrophage Atg5 in renal macrophage migration and fibrosis. RESULTS Based on changes in the serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, Atg5 deletion had a minimal effect on renal function in the early stages after mild injury; however, MΦ atg5-/- mice had reduced renal fibrosis and reduced macrophage recruitment after 4 weeks of ischemia/reperfusion injury and 2 weeks of unilateral ureteral obstruction injury. Atg5 deficiency impaired the CCL20-CCR6 axis after severe ischemic kidneys. Chemotactic responses of bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) from MΦ atg5-/- mice to CCL20 were significantly attenuated compared with those of wild-type BMDMs, and this might be caused by the inhibition of PI3K, AKT, and ERK1/2 activation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Atg5 deficiency decreased macrophage migration by impairing the CCL20-CCR6 axis and inhibited M2 polarization, thereby improving kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhu
- Experimental Animal Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiexing Tan
- Experimental Animal Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuanzhan Wang
- Experimental Animal Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuhong Gong
- Experimental Animal Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziguo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gong
- Experimental Animal Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Li S, Sun J, Zhang BW, Yang L, Wan YC, Chen BB, Xu N, Xu QR, Fan J, Shang JN, Li R, Yu CG, Xi Y, Chen S. ATG5 attenuates inflammatory signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells to control differentiation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:882-897.e6. [PMID: 38387460 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Attenuated inflammatory response is a property of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Moreover, whether the attenuated inflammatory status is involved in ESC differentiation is also unknown. Here, we found that autophagy-related protein ATG5 is essential for both attenuated inflammatory response and differentiation of mouse ESCs and that attenuation of inflammatory signaling is required for mouse ESC differentiation. Mechanistically, ATG5 recruits FBXW7 to promote ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of β-TrCP1, resulting in the inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and inflammatory response. Moreover, differentiation defects observed in ATG5-depleted mouse ESCs are due to β-TrCP1 accumulation and hyperactivation of NF-κB signaling, as loss of β-TrCP1 and inhibition of NF-κB signaling rescued the differentiation defects. Therefore, this study reveals a previously uncharacterized mechanism maintaining the attenuated inflammatory response in mouse ESCs and further expands the understanding of the biological roles of ATG5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; School of Forensic Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Ying-Cui Wan
- School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Qian-Ru Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Ni Shang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Chen-Ge Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yan Xi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; Zhongzhou Laboratory, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Su Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Metabolism and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; Zhongzhou Laboratory, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
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3
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Chen F, Wu L, Zhang M, Kan M, Chen H, Wang X, Qu J. Autophagy-related 5 in acute ischemic stroke: Variation and linkage with neurofunction, and survival. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:856-865. [PMID: 38530706 PMCID: PMC11021666 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) facilitates the pathologic process of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) via multiple ways. This study aimed to identify the association of serum ATG5 with clinical outcomes in AIS patients. METHODS Serum ATG5 from 280 AIS patients were detected at admission, Day (D)1, D3, D7, D30, and D90 after admission by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 21.1 (5.9-43.9) months. Another 50 healthy controls (HCs) were also enrolled for serum ATG5 determination. RESULTS ATG5 was elevated (p < 0.001) (vs. HCs), and positively correlated with hyperlipidemia (p = 0.016), and the national institutes of health stroke scale score (p = 0.001) in AIS patients. Interestingly, ATG5 was increased from admission to D1, but gradually decreased until D90 (p < 0.001). Besides, 85 (30.4%) and 195 (69.6%) AIS patients were assessed as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) >2 and mRS ≤2 at D90, respectively. ATG5 at admission, D1, D3, D30, and D90 was elevated in AIS patients with mRS >2 versus those with mRS ≤2 (all p < 0.050). ATG5 at admission, D1, D3, D7, D30, or D90 was elevated in relapsed (vs. non-relapsed) or died (vs. survived) AIS patients (all p < 0.050). Recurrence-free survival was shortened in AIS patients with high (≥52.0 ng/mL) ATG5 versus those with low (<52.0 ng/mL) ATG5 at admission, D3, D7, and D30 (all p < 0.050); overall survival was shorter in AIS patients with high (vs. low) ATG5 at D7 and D30 (both p < 0.050). INTERPRETATION Serum ATG5 elevates at first, thereafter gradually declines, whose elevation associates with neurological dysfunction, recurrence, and death risk in AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Linxia Wu
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Minchen Kan
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department I of Neonatal WardHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Juanjuan Qu
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
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Qu J, Wu L, Zhang M, Kan M, Chen H, Shi Y, Wang S, Wang X, Chen F. Serum autophagy-related gene 5 level in stroke patients: correlation with CD4+ T cells and cognition impairment during a 3-year follow-up. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13019. [PMID: 38511768 PMCID: PMC10946239 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related gene (ATG) 5 regulates blood lipids, chronic inflammation, CD4+ T-cell differentiation, and neuronal death and is involved in post-stroke cognitive impairment. This study aimed to explore the correlation of serum ATG5 with CD4+ T cells and cognition impairment in stroke patients. Peripheral blood was collected from 180 stroke patients for serum ATG5 and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cell detection via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was completed at enrollment, year (Y)1, Y2, and Y3 in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was also measured in 50 healthy controls (HCs). Serum ATG5 was elevated in stroke patients compared to HCs (P<0.001) and was positively correlated to Th2 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P<0.001), and Th17/Treg ratio (P<0.001) in stroke patients but not correlated with Th1 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, or Treg cells (all P>0.050). Serum ATG5 (P=0.037), Th1 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P=0.002), and Th17/Treg ratio (P=0.018) were elevated in stroke patients with MMSE score-identified cognition impairment vs those without cognition impairment, whereas Th2 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, and Treg cells were not different between them (all P>0.050). Importantly, serum ATG5 was negatively linked with MMSE score at enrollment (P=0.004), Y1 (P=0.002), Y2 (P=0.014), and Y3 (P=0.001); moreover, it was positively related to 2-year (P=0.024) and 3-year (P=0.012) MMSE score decline in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was positively correlated with Th2 and Th17 cells and estimated cognitive function decline in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Qu
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Linxia Wu
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Minchen Kan
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Yanqing Shi
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Shuangyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Neonatal Ward, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
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Wang F, Trosdal ES, Paddar MA, Duque TLA, Allers L, Mudd M, Akepati PR, javed R, Jia J, Salemi M, Phinney B, Deretic V. The role of ATG5 beyond Atg8ylation and autophagy. Autophagy 2024; 20:448-450. [PMID: 37876292 PMCID: PMC10813618 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2273703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ATG5 plays a pivotal role in membrane Atg8ylation, influencing downstream processes encompassing canonical autophagy and noncanonical processes. Remarkably, genetic ablation of ATG5 in myeloid cells leads to an exacerbated pathological state in murine models of tuberculosis, characterized by an early surge in mortality much more severe when compared to the depletion of other components involved in Atg8ylation or canonical autophagy. This study shows that in the absence of ATG5, but not other core canonical autophagy factors, endolysosomal organelles display a lysosomal hypersensitivity phenotype when subjected to damage. This is in part due to a compromised recruitment of ESCRT proteins to lysosomes in need of repair. Mechanistically, in the absence of ATG5, the ESCRT protein PDCD6IP/ALIX is sequestered by the alternative conjugate ATG12-ATG3, contributing to excessive exocytic processes while not being available for lysosomal repair. Specifically, this condition increases secretion of extracellular vesicles and particles, and leads to excessive degranulation in neutrophils. Our findings uncover unique functions of ATG5 outside of the autophagy and Atg8ylation paradigm. This finding is of in vivo relevance for tuberculosis pathogenesis as modeled in mice.Abbreviations: Atg5: autophagy related 5; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; EVPs: extracellular vesicles and particles; FPR1: formyl peptide receptor 1; LyHYP: lysosomal hypersensitivity phenotype; LysoIP: lysosome immunopurification; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; ORF3a: open reading frame 3a protein; PDCD6IP/ALIX: programmed cell death 6 interacting protein; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Wang
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Einar S Trosdal
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Masroor Ahmad Paddar
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thabata L A Duque
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lee Allers
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Prithvi R. Akepati
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ruheena javed
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jingyue Jia
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Abstract
Conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM) is a fundamental cellular process that entails the conjugation of mammalian Atg8 homologs, here referred to as ATG8, to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) on endolysosomal compartments. Our current research, together with recent reports from the Randow, Wu, and Wileman labs, has uncovered yet another layer to this process. We discovered that, in addition to ATG16L1-containing complexes, TECPR1 (tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 1)-containing ATG12-ATG5 E3 complexes can facilitate CASM, thereby providing a broader understanding of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven R Carlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alf Håkon Lystad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Zuo X, Shao Y, Liang Y, Huo C, Wang S. MIR222HG/LIN28B/ATG5 Axis Drives M2 Macrophage Polarization and Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:17-26. [PMID: 38305285 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023049637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate the potential of MIR222HG in HCC. HCC cells were co-cultured with U937 cells. Gene expression was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR and western blot. Functional analysis was performed using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. We found that MIR222HG was overexpressed in HCC patients as well as HepG2 and Huh7 cells. MIR222HG-mediated upregulation of autophagy related 5 (ATG5) promoted tumor cell autophagy and the activation of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM2). Moreover, MIR222HG-mediated the activation of TAM2 drove the proliferation of HCC cells. Additionally, MIR222HG increased the mRNA expression as well as promoted the mRNA stability of ATG5 via binding to lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B). In conclusion, MIR222HG-mediated autophagy and the activation of TAM2 promote the aggressiveness of HCC cells via regulating LIN28B/ATG5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zuo
- Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province 434020, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University
| | - Yuhang Liang
- Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province 434020, China
| | - Chenglong Huo
- Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province 434020, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University
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8
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Zeng S, Wen Y, Yu C. Desialylation of ATG5 by sialidase (NEU1) promotes macrophages autophagy and exacerbates inflammation under hypoxia. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110927. [PMID: 37844713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
During the process of atherosclerosis (AS), hypoxia induces plaque macrophage inflammation, promoting lipid accumulation. Autophagy is a cell homeostasis process that increases tolerance to stressors like oxidative stress and hypoxia. However, the specific mechanism by which hypoxia initiates autophagy and the inflammation of macrophages remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that hypoxia-induced macrophage inflammation was mediated by autophagy. Then, the effect of hypoxia on autophagy was investigated in terms of post-translational modifications of proteins. The results showed that desialylation of the autophagy protein ATG5 under hypoxic conditions enhanced protein stability by affecting its charge effect and promoted the formation of the ATG5-ATG12-ATG16L complex, further increasing autophagosome formation. And NEU1, a key enzyme in sialic acid metabolism, was significantly up-regulated under hypoxic conditions and was identified as an interacting protein of ATG5, affecting the sialylation of ATG5. In addition, the knockdown or inhibition of NEU1 reversed hypoxia-induced autophagy and inflammatory responses. In conclusion, our data reveal a key mechanism of autophagy regulation under hypoxia involving ATG5 sialylation and NEU1, suggesting that NEU1 may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yilin Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing 400016, China.
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9
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Kaur N, de la Ballina LR, Haukaas HS, Torgersen ML, Radulovic M, Munson MJ, Sabirsh A, Stenmark H, Simonsen A, Carlsson SR, Lystad AH. TECPR1 is activated by damage-induced sphingomyelin exposure to mediate noncanonical autophagy. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113105. [PMID: 37409525 PMCID: PMC10476171 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells use noncanonical autophagy, also called conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM), to label damaged intracellular compartments with ubiquitin-like ATG8 family proteins in order to signal danger caused by pathogens or toxic compounds. CASM relies on E3 complexes to sense membrane damage, but so far, only the mechanism to activate ATG16L1-containing E3 complexes, associated with proton gradient loss, has been described. Here, we show that TECPR1-containing E3 complexes are key mediators of CASM in cells treated with a variety of pharmacological drugs, including clinically relevant nanoparticles, transfection reagents, antihistamines, lysosomotropic compounds, and detergents. Interestingly, TECPR1 retains E3 activity when ATG16L1 CASM activity is obstructed by the Salmonella Typhimurium pathogenicity factor SopF. Mechanistically, TECPR1 is recruited by damage-induced sphingomyelin (SM) exposure using two DysF domains, resulting in its activation and ATG8 lipidation. In vitro assays using purified human TECPR1-ATG5-ATG12 complex show direct activation of its E3 activity by SM, whereas SM has no effect on ATG16L1-ATG5-ATG12. We conclude that TECPR1 is a key activator of CASM downstream of SM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Laura Rodriguez de la Ballina
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Håvard Styrkestad Haukaas
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Maria Lyngaas Torgersen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Maja Radulovic
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Michael J Munson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical SciencesBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Alan Sabirsh
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical SciencesBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Sven R Carlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of UmeåUmeåSweden
| | - Alf Håkon Lystad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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10
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Boyle KB, Ellison CJ, Elliott PR, Schuschnig M, Grimes K, Dionne MS, Sasakawa C, Munro S, Martens S, Randow F. TECPR1 conjugates LC3 to damaged endomembranes upon detection of sphingomyelin exposure. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113012. [PMID: 37409490 PMCID: PMC10476172 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive bacteria enter the cytosol of host cells through initial uptake into bacteria-containing vacuoles (BCVs) and subsequent rupture of the BCV membrane, thereby exposing to the cytosol intraluminal, otherwise shielded danger signals such as glycans and sphingomyelin. The detection of glycans by galectin-8 triggers anti-bacterial autophagy, but how cells sense and respond to cytosolically exposed sphingomyelin remains unknown. Here, we identify TECPR1 (tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 1) as a receptor for cytosolically exposed sphingomyelin, which recruits ATG5 into an E3 ligase complex that mediates lipid conjugation of LC3 independently of ATG16L1. TECPR1 binds sphingomyelin through its N-terminal DysF domain (N'DysF), a feature not shared by other mammalian DysF domains. Solving the crystal structure of N'DysF, we identified key residues required for the interaction, including a solvent-exposed tryptophan (W154) essential for binding to sphingomyelin-positive membranes and the conjugation of LC3 to lipids. Specificity of the ATG5/ATG12-E3 ligase responsible for the conjugation of LC3 is therefore conferred by interchangeable receptor subunits, that is, the canonical ATG16L1 and the sphingomyelin-specific TECPR1, in an arrangement reminiscent of certain multi-subunit ubiquitin E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B Boyle
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Cara J Ellison
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Paul R Elliott
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Martina Schuschnig
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Krista Grimes
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and InfectionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marc S Dionne
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and InfectionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Medical Mycology Research CenterChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Nippon Institute for Biological ScienceOmeJapan
| | - Sean Munro
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Felix Randow
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's HospitalUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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11
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Jin J, Zhu KS, Tang SM, Xiang Y, Mao MY, Hong XD, Chen AF, Zhang XD, Lu H, Chen ZL, Wu JF, Pan SF, Zhu SH. Trehalose promotes functional recovery of keratinocytes under oxidative stress and wound healing via ATG5/ATG7. Burns 2023; 49:1382-1391. [PMID: 36759218 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wounds are in a stressed state, which precludes healing. Trehalose is a stress metabolite that protects cells under stress. Here, we explored whether trehalose reduces stress-induced wound tissue damage. A stress model was prepared by exposing human keratinocytes to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), followed by trehalose treatment. Trehalose effects on expression of the autophagy-related proteins ATG5 and ATG7 and cell proliferation and migration were evaluated. For in vivo verification, a wound model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats, to measure the effects of trehalose wound-healing rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Histological changes during wound healing and trehalose's effects on ATG5 and ATG7 expression, necrosis, and apoptosis were examined·H2O2 stress increased ATG5 and ATG7 expression in vitro, but this was insufficient to prevent stress-induced damage. Trehalose further increased ATG5/ATG7 levels, which restored proliferation and increased migration by depolymerizing the cytoskeleton. However, trehalose did not exert these effects after ATG5 and ATG7 knockout. In vivo, the ROS content was higher in the wound tissue than in normal skin. Trehalose increased ATG5/ATG7 expression in wound tissue keratinocytes, reduced necrosis, depolymerized the cytoskeleton, and promoted cell migration, thereby promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Si Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Min Tang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Yi Mao
- Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hong
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, 903rd Hospital of PLA (The Original 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army), Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Fen Chen
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, 903rd Hospital of PLA (The Original 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army), Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, 903rd Hospital of PLA (The Original 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army), Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Li Chen
- Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fang Wu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, 903rd Hospital of PLA (The Original 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army), Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sun-Feng Pan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Jiaxing TCM Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Shi-Hui Zhu
- Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Elander PH, Holla S, Sabljić I, Gutierrez-Beltran E, Willems P, Bozhkov PV, Minina EA. Interactome of Arabidopsis ATG5 Suggests Functions beyond Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12300. [PMID: 37569688 PMCID: PMC10418956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway capable of degrading cellular components ranging from individual molecules to organelles. Autophagy helps cells cope with stress by removing superfluous or hazardous material. In a previous work, we demonstrated that transcriptional upregulation of two autophagy-related genes, ATG5 and ATG7, in Arabidopsis thaliana positively affected agronomically important traits: biomass, seed yield, tolerance to pathogens and oxidative stress. Although the occurrence of these traits correlated with enhanced autophagic activity, it is possible that autophagy-independent roles of ATG5 and ATG7 also contributed to the phenotypes. In this study, we employed affinity purification and LC-MS/MS to identify the interactome of wild-type ATG5 and its autophagy-inactive substitution mutant, ATG5K128R Here we present the first interactome of plant ATG5, encompassing not only known autophagy regulators but also stress-response factors, components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, proteins involved in endomembrane trafficking, and potential partners of the nuclear fraction of ATG5. Furthermore, we discovered post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and acetylation present on ATG5 complex components that are likely to play regulatory functions. These results strongly indicate that plant ATG5 complex proteins have roles beyond autophagy itself, opening avenues for further investigations on the complex roles of autophagy in plant growth and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla H. Elander
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.H.E.); (S.H.); (I.S.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Sanjana Holla
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.H.E.); (S.H.); (I.S.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Igor Sabljić
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.H.E.); (S.H.); (I.S.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Beltran
- Instituto de Bioquımica Vegetal y Fotosıntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquimica Vegetal y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter V. Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.H.E.); (S.H.); (I.S.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Elena A. Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.H.E.); (S.H.); (I.S.); (P.V.B.)
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13
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Omrane M, Ben M'Barek K, Santinho A, Nguyen N, Nag S, Melia TJ, Thiam AR. LC3B is lipidated to large lipid droplets during prolonged starvation for noncanonical autophagy. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1266-1281.e7. [PMID: 37315562 PMCID: PMC10686041 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) store lipids that can be utilized during times of scarcity via autophagic and lysosomal pathways, but how LDs and autophagosomes interact remained unclear. Here, we discovered that the E2 autophagic enzyme, ATG3, localizes to the surface of certain ultra-large LDs in differentiated murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes or Huh7 human liver cells undergoing prolonged starvation. Subsequently, ATG3 lipidates microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3B (LC3B) to these LDs. In vitro, ATG3 could bind alone to purified and artificial LDs to mediate this lipidation reaction. We observed that LC3B-lipidated LDs were consistently in close proximity to collections of LC3B-membranes and were lacking Plin1. This phenotype is distinct from macrolipophagy, but it required autophagy because it disappeared following ATG5 or Beclin1 knockout. Our data suggest that extended starvation triggers a noncanonical autophagy mechanism, similar to LC3B-associated phagocytosis, in which the surface of large LDs serves as an LC3B lipidation platform for autophagic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohyeddine Omrane
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kalthoum Ben M'Barek
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Santinho
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathan Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shanta Nag
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Thomas J Melia
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France.
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14
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Nivoit P, Mathivet T, Wu J, Salemkour Y, Sankar DS, Baudrie V, Bourreau J, Guihot AL, Vessieres E, Lemitre M, Bocca C, Teillon J, Le Gall M, Chipont A, Robidel E, Dhaun N, Camerer E, Reynier P, Roux E, Couffinhal T, Hadoke PWF, Silvestre JS, Guillonneau X, Bonnin P, Henrion D, Dengjel J, Tharaux PL, Lenoir O. Autophagy protein 5 controls flow-dependent endothelial functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:210. [PMID: 37460898 PMCID: PMC10352428 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated autophagy is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, where impaired flow-mediated endothelial cell responses promote cardiovascular risk. The mechanism by which the autophagy machinery regulates endothelial functions is complex. We applied multi-omics approaches and in vitro and in vivo functional assays to decipher the diverse roles of autophagy in endothelial cells. We demonstrate that autophagy regulates VEGF-dependent VEGFR signaling and VEGFR-mediated and flow-mediated eNOS activation. Endothelial ATG5 deficiency in vivo results in selective loss of flow-induced vasodilation in mesenteric arteries and kidneys and increased cerebral and renal vascular resistance in vivo. We found a crucial pathophysiological role for autophagy in endothelial cells in flow-mediated outward arterial remodeling, prevention of neointima formation following wire injury, and recovery after myocardial infarction. Together, these findings unravel a fundamental role of autophagy in endothelial function, linking cell proteostasis to mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Nivoit
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mathivet
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Junxi Wu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONW, UK
| | - Yann Salemkour
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Véronique Baudrie
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Bourreau
- MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, Inserm U1083, Université d'Angers, 49500, Angers, France
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, Inserm U1083, Université d'Angers, 49500, Angers, France
| | - Emilie Vessieres
- MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, Inserm U1083, Université d'Angers, 49500, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Lemitre
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Cinzia Bocca
- MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, Inserm U1083, Université d'Angers, 49500, Angers, France
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49500, Angers, France
| | - Jérémie Teillon
- CNRS, Inserm, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, Université de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- Plateforme Protéomique 3P5-Proteom'IC, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Anna Chipont
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Robidel
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Eric Camerer
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, Inserm U1083, Université d'Angers, 49500, Angers, France
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49500, Angers, France
| | - Etienne Roux
- Inserm, Biologie Des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Université de Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Inserm, Biologie Des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Université de Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Xavier Guillonneau
- Institut de La Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hypertension Unit, Université Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, Inserm U1083, Université d'Angers, 49500, Angers, France
| | - Joern Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivia Lenoir
- Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.
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15
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Fu J, Zhao L, Pang Y, Chen H, Yamamoto H, Chen Y, Li Z, Mizushima N, Jia H. Apicoplast biogenesis mediated by ATG8 requires the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L and SNAP29 complexes in Toxoplasma gondii. Autophagy 2023; 19:1258-1276. [PMID: 36095096 PMCID: PMC10012919 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2123639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In apicomplexan parasites, the macroautophagy/autophagy machinery is repurposed to maintain the plastid-like organelle apicoplast. Previously, we showed that in Toxoplasma and Plasmodium, ATG12 interacts with ATG5 in a non-covalent manner, in contrast to the covalent interaction in most organisms. However, it remained unknown whether apicomplexan parasites have functional orthologs of ATG16L1, a protein that is essential for the function of the covalent ATG12-ATG5 complex in vivo in other organisms. Furthermore, the mechanism used by the autophagy machinery to maintain the apicoplast is unclear. We report that the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L complex exists in Toxoplasma gondii (Tg). This complex is localized on isolated structures at the periphery of the apicoplast dependent on TgATG16L. Inducible depletion of TgATG12, TgATG5, or TgATG16L caused loss of the apicoplast and affected parasite growth. We found that a putative soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein, synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (TgSNAP29, Qbc SNARE), is required to maintain the apicoplast in T. gondii. TgSNAP29 depletion disrupted TgATG8 localization at the apicoplast. Additionally, we identified a putative ubiquitin-interacting motif-docking site (UDS) of TgATG8. Mutation of the UDS site abolished TgATG8 localization on the apicoplast but not lipidation. These findings suggest that the TgATG12-TgATG5-TgATG16L complex is required for biogenesis of the apicoplast, in which TgATG8 is translocated to the apicoplast via vesicles in a SNARE -dependent manner in T. gondii.Abbreviations: AID: auxin-inducible degron; CCD: coiled-coil domain; HFF: human foreskin fibroblast; IAA: indole-3-acetic acid; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; NAA: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; UDS: ubiquitin-interacting motif-docking site; UIM: ubiquitin-interacting motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, HeilongjiangChina
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, HeilongjiangChina
| | - Yu Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, HeilongjiangChina
| | - Heming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, HeilongjiangChina
| | - Hayashi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuntong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, HeilongjiangChina
| | - Zhaoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, HeilongjiangChina
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Honglin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, HeilongjiangChina
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16
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Yu Z, Tang H, Chen S, Xie Y, Shi L, Xia S, Jiang M, Li J, Chen D. Exosomal LOC85009 inhibits docetaxel resistance in lung adenocarcinoma through regulating ATG5-induced autophagy. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100915. [PMID: 36641841 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims at investigating the role of a neighbor long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of HDAC4 (LOC85009) in docetaxel (DTX) resistance of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS RT-qPCR was used to analyze LOC85009 expression in DTX-resistant LUAD cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments were applied to detect the influence of LOC85009 on LUAD cell growth and xenograft tumor growth. DNA pull down assay, RNA pull down assay, ChIP assay, CoIP assay and RIP assay were performed to identify the direct interactions between factors. RESULTS LOC85009 was lowly-expressed in DTX-resistant LUAD cells. Functionally, LOC85009 overexpression inhibited DTX resistance and cell proliferation but triggered cell apoptosis. Moreover, we identified that LOC85009 was transferred from LUAD cells to DTX-resistant LUAD cells via exosomes. Exosomal LOC85009 inhibited DTX resistance, proliferation and autophagy while induced apoptosis in DTX-resistant cells. Additionally, we found that LOC85009 sequestered ubiquitin-specific proteinase 5 (USP5) to destabilize upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) protein, thereby inactivating ATG5 transcription. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal LOC85009 inhibits DTX resistance through regulation of ATG5-induced autophagy via USP5/USF1 axis, suggesting that LOC85009 might be a potential target to reverse DTX resistance in the treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510062, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaomu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhua Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 519041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dongqin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China; Department of Oncology, Nantong City No. 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 666, Shengli Road, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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17
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Gao Z, Li C, Sun H, Bian Y, Cui Z, Wang N, Wang Z, Yang Y, Liu Z, He Z, Li B, Li F, Li Z, Wang L, Zhang D, Yang L, Xu Z, Li X, Xu H. N 6-methyladenosine-modified USP13 induces pro-survival autophagy and imatinib resistance via regulating the stabilization of autophagy-related protein 5 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:544-559. [PMID: 36528756 PMCID: PMC9950061 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary resistance to imatinib (IM) represents a major challenge for therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Aberrations in oncogenic pathways, including autophagy, correlate with IM resistance. Regulation of autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical for autophagic activity, although the molecular mechanisms that underpin reversible deubiquitination of ATG5 have not been deciphered fully. Here, we identified USP13 as an essential deubiquitinase that stabilizes ATG5 in a process that depends on the PAK1 serine/threonine-protein kinase and which enhances autophagy and promotes IM resistance in GIST cells. USP13 preferentially is induced in GIST cells by IM and interacts with ATG5, which leads to stabilization of ATG5 through deubiquitination. Activation of PAK1 promoted phosphorylation of ATG5 thereby enhancing the interaction of ATG5 with USP13. Furthermore, N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) mediated stabilization of USP13 mRNA that required the m6A reader IGF2BP2. Moreover, an inhibitor of USP13 caused ATG5 decay and co-administration of this inhibitor with 3-methyladenine boosted treatment efficacy of IM in murine xenograft models derived from GIST cells. Our findings highlight USP13 as an essential regulator of autophagy and IM resistance in GIST cells and reveal USP13 as a novel potential therapeutic target for GIST treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibo Bian
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Nuofan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zonghang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Xia J, Tian Y, Shao Z, Li C, Ding M, Qi Y, Xu X, Dai K, Wu C, Yao W, Hao C. MALAT1-miR-30c-5p-CTGF/ATG5 axis regulates silica-induced experimental silicosis by mediating EMT in alveolar epithelial cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114392. [PMID: 36508811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells is a vital source of pulmonary myofibroblasts, and myofibroblasts formation is recognized as an important phase in the pathological process of silicosis. miR-30c-5p has been determined to be relevant in the activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in numerous disease processes. However, elucidating the role played by miR-30c-5p in the silicosis-associated EMT process remains a great challenge. In this work, based on the establishment of mouse silicosis and A549 cells EMT models, miR-30c-5p was interfered with in vivo and in vitro models to reveal its effects on EMT and autophagy. Moreover, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), and autophagy were further interfered with in the A549 cells models to uncover the possible molecular mechanism through which miR-30c-5p inhibits silicosis associated EMT. The results demonstrated the targeted binding of miR-30c-5p to CTGF, ATG5, and MALAT1, and showed that miR-30c-5p could prevent EMT in lung epithelial cells by acting on CTGF and ATG5-associated autophagy, thereby inhibiting the silicosis fibrosis process. Furthermore, we also found that lncRNA MALAT1 might competitively absorb miR-30c-5p and affect the EMT of lung epithelial cells. In a word, interfering with miR-30c-5p and its related molecules (MALAT1, CTGF, and ATG5-associated autophagy) may provide a reference point for the application of silicosis intervention-related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yangyang Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Zheng Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Mingcui Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yuanmeng Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Kai Dai
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue 5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
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19
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Li L, Lee CP, Ding X, Qin Y, Wijerathna-Yapa A, Broda M, Otegui MS, Millar AH. Defects in autophagy lead to selective in vivo changes in turnover of cytosolic and organelle proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2022; 34:3936-3960. [PMID: 35766863 PMCID: PMC9516138 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Identification of autophagic protein cargo in plants in autophagy-related genes (ATG) mutants is complicated by changes in protein synthesis and protein degradation. To detect autophagic cargo, we measured protein degradation rate in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) atg5 and atg11 mutants. These data show that less than a quarter of proteins changing in abundance are probable cargo and revealed roles of ATG11 and ATG5 in degradation of specific glycolytic enzymes and of other cytosol, chloroplast, and ER-resident proteins, and a specialized role for ATG11 in degradation of proteins from mitochondria and chloroplasts. Protein localization in transformed protoplasts and degradation assays in the presence of inhibitors confirm a role for autophagy in degrading glycolytic enzymes. Autophagy induction by phosphate (Pi) limitation changed metabolic profiles and the protein synthesis and degradation rates of atg5 and atg11 plants. A general decrease in the abundance of amino acids and increase in secondary metabolites in autophagy mutants was consistent with altered catabolism and changes in energy conversion caused by reduced degradation rate of specific proteins. Combining measures of changes in protein abundance and degradation rates, we also identify ATG11 and ATG5-associated protein cargo of low Pi-induced autophagy in chloroplasts and ER-resident proteins involved in secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Authors for correspondence (L.L.) and (A.H.M)
| | - Chun Pong Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yu Qin
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Akila Wijerathna-Yapa
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Martyna Broda
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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20
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Hamada K, Kurashige T, Shimamura M, Arakawa H, Nakamura Y, Nagayama Y. MIEAP and ATG5 are tumor suppressors in a mouse model of BRAF V600E-positive thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:932754. [PMID: 36187114 PMCID: PMC9519861 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.932754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-eating protein (MIEAP) is a molecule important for non-canonical mitophagy and thought to be a tumor suppressor. Our previous study found that MIEAP expression is defective in thyroid oncocytomas, irrespective of being benign or malignant, and also in non-oncocytic thyroid cancers. Thyroid oncocytomas are composed of large polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm that is rich in abnormal mitochondria. Thus, our data indicate that, together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis that compensates for the dysfunction of the mitochondria, MIEAP plays a critical role in the accumulation of mitochondria in thyroid oncocytic tumors, whereas a defective MIEAP expression alone is not sufficient for mitochondrial accumulation in non-oncocytic cancers with normal mitochondria. To clarify whether MIEAP is a tumor suppressor in the thyroids and whether MIEAP knockout (KO) alone is sufficient for the oncocytic phenotype and also to extend our effort toward canonical mitophagy (a selective autophagy), we here conducted mouse studies using genetically engineered mice. BrafCA/wt mice developed thyroid cancers 1 year after intrathyroidal injection of adenovirus expressing Cre, while cancer development was observed at 6 months in adenovirus-Cre-injected BrafCA/wt;MieapKO/KO and BrafCA/wt;Atg5flox/flox mice [where autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) is a component of autophagic machinery], although KO of either molecule alone was not sufficient for cancer development. These data demonstrate that MIEAP or ATG5 KO accelerated thyroid cancer development. However, cancers in adenovirus-Cre-injected BrafCA/wt ;MieapKO/KO and BrafCA/wt ;Atg5flox/flox mice were not oncocytic. In conclusion, we here show that MIEAP and ATG5 are both tumor suppressors in thyroid carcinogenesis, but as we have anticipated from our previous data, KO of either molecule does not confer the oncocytic phenotype to BRAFV600E-positive thyroid cancers. The combination of disruptive mitochondrial function and impaired mitochondrial quality control may be necessary to establish a mouse model of thyroid oncocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hamada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute and Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kurashige
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute and Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mika Shimamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute and Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Arakawa
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagayama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute and Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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21
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Chen C, Yang L, Abbas MN, Zou D, Li J, Geng X, Zhang H, Sun Y. Relish regulates innate immunity via mediating ATG5 activity in Antheraea pernyi. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 132:104406. [PMID: 35364136 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In innate immunity, autophagy is an important molecular mechanism that plays a critical role in the animal defense system. Given the importance of anti-microbial autophagy in the innate immune processes, the relationship between anti-microbial autophagy and LPS-induced innate immunity in A. pernyi was investigated. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that autophagy-related genes (ATG6, ATG5, and ATG12) were induced following LPS injection. LPS treatment in the Relish knockdown larvae reduced the expression of autophagy-related genes, especially ATG5. Furthermore, ATG5 depletion decreased the innate immune effect, while its over-expression with ATG12 was induced after the LPS challenge. The dual-luciferase assay revealed that Relish could regulate ATG5 expression by binding directly to the promoter of the ATG5 gene. Overall, our findings show that Relish regulates the ATG5 transcription to eliminate Gram-negative bacteria by anti-microbial autophagy, implying a strong connection between autophagy and innate immunity in immunologic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Liangli Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Deng Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Xuexia Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China.
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China.
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22
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Cao L, Lin F. TECPR1 Induces Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma via ATG5 Upregulation-Induced Autophagy Promotion. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2022; 52:580-592. [PMID: 36197771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a subtype of lung cancer with unfavorable outcome. Autophagy, a mechanism responsible for cellular component degradation, has been recorded to play either a positive or negative regulatory role in apoptosis. Tectonin Beta-Propeller Repeat Containing 1 (TECPR1) is recognized relevant to autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms through which TECPR1 regulates NSCLC cell apoptosis. METHODS Analysis of TECPR1 expression in the subcategories of NSCLC was conducted using GEPIA. Survival analysis for NSCLC patients was performed with Kaplan-Meier's plotter. The interaction between ATG5 and TECPR1 was predicted by STRING and validated through co-immunoprecipitation. NSCLC cells were transfected with short hairpin RNA against ATG5 and/or ATG5/TECPR1 overexpression plasmids, followed by viability and apoptosis assay using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Expressions of TECPR1, ATG5, LC3-II/LC3-I, P62, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in NSCLC cells with or without transfection were assessed by qRT-PCR and/or Western blot. RESULTS TECPR1 was low-expressed in LUAD and LUSC samples as well as NSCLC cells. Higher TECPR1 expression was associated with better outcomes. TECPR1 overexpression and ATG5 overexpression both decreased viability, promoted apoptosis, upregulated Bax and LC3-II/LC3-I, and downregulated P62 and Bcl-2. TECPR1 could form a complex with ATG5 in NSCLC cells. ATG5 was upregulated by TECPR1 overexpression and could positively modulate TECPR1 expression. ATG5 knockdown induced effect oppositely to TECPR1 overexpression, and this effect reversed the TECPR1 overexpression-induced effect and vice versa. CONCLUSION TECPR1 induces NSCLC cell apoptosis via ATG5 upregulation-induced autophagy promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Walayat A, Fu Y, Liu B, Zhang L, Xiao D. The Regulatory Role of H19/miR-181a/ATG5 Signaling in Perinatal Nicotine Exposure-Induced Development of Neonatal Brain Hypoxic-Ischemic Sensitive Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136885. [PMID: 35805891 PMCID: PMC9266802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine exposure either from maternal cigarette smoking or e-cigarette vaping is one of the most common risk factors for neurodevelopmental disease in offspring. Previous studies revealed that perinatal nicotine exposure programs a sensitive phenotype to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in postnatal life, yet the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. The goal of the present study was to determine the regulatory role of H19/miR-181a/ATG5 signaling in perinatal nicotine exposure-induced development of neonatal brain hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotype. Nicotine was administered to pregnant rats via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. All experiments were conducted in offspring pups at postnatal day 9 (P9). Perinatal nicotine exposure significantly enhanced expression of miR-181a but attenuated autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) mRNA and protein levels in neonatal brains. Of interest, miR-181a mimicking administration in the absence of nicotine exposure also produced dose-dependent increased hypoxia/ischemia (H/I)-induced brain injury associated with a decreased ATG5 expression, closely resembling perinatal nicotine exposure-mediated effects. Locked nucleic acid (LNA)-miR-181a antisense reversed perinatal nicotine-mediated increase in H/I-induced brain injury and normalized aberrant ATG5 expression. In addition, nicotine exposure attenuated a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 expression level. Knockdown of H19 via siRNA increased the miR-181a level and enhanced H/I-induced neonatal brain injury. In conclusion, the present findings provide a novel mechanism that aberrant alteration of the H19/miR-181a/AGT5 axis plays a vital role in perinatal nicotine exposure-mediated ischemia-sensitive phenotype in offspring and suggests promising molecular targets for intervention and rescuing nicotine-induced adverse programming effects in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daliao Xiao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +909-558-4325; Fax: +909-558-4029
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24
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Matsuda H, Nibe-Shirakihara Y, Tamura A, Aonuma E, Arakawa S, Otsubo K, Nemoto Y, Nagaishi T, Tsuchiya K, Shimizu S, Ma A, Watanabe M, Uo M, Okamoto R, Oshima S. Nickel particles are present in Crohn's disease tissue and exacerbate intestinal inflammation in IBD susceptible mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 592:74-80. [PMID: 35032835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease of the gut caused by a complex interplay among genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. The intestinal tract is constantly exposed to metals and other trace elements ingested as food. Synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed the deposition of nickel particles within Crohn's disease tissue specimens. After nickel particle stimulation, THP-1 cells showed filopodia formation and autophagic vacuoles containing lipid bodies. Nickel particles precipitated colitis in mice bearing mutations of the IBD susceptibility protein A20/TNFAIP3. Nickel particles also exacerbated dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice harboring myeloid cell-specific Atg5 deficiency. These findings illustrate that nickel particle ingestion may worsen Crohn's disease by perturbing autophagic processes in the intestine, providing new insights into environmental factors in Crohn's disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nibe-Shirakihara
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Aonuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Arakawa
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Kana Otsubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaishi
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for G.I. Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Uo
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Kallergi E, Daskalaki AD, Kolaxi A, Camus C, Ioannou E, Mercaldo V, Haberkant P, Stein F, Sidiropoulou K, Dalezios Y, Savitski MM, Bagni C, Choquet D, Hosy E, Nikoletopoulou V. Dendritic autophagy degrades postsynaptic proteins and is required for long-term synaptic depression in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:680. [PMID: 35115539 PMCID: PMC8814153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pruning of dendritic spines during development requires autophagy. This process is facilitated by long-term depression (LTD)-like mechanisms, which has led to speculation that LTD, a fundamental form of synaptic plasticity, also requires autophagy. Here, we show that the induction of LTD via activation of NMDA receptors or metabotropic glutamate receptors initiates autophagy in the postsynaptic dendrites in mice. Dendritic autophagic vesicles (AVs) act in parallel with the endocytic machinery to remove AMPA receptor subunits from the membrane for degradation. During NMDAR-LTD, key postsynaptic proteins are sequestered for autophagic degradation, as revealed by quantitative proteomic profiling of purified AVs. Pharmacological inhibition of AV biogenesis, or conditional ablation of atg5 in pyramidal neurons abolishes LTD and triggers sustained potentiation in the hippocampus. These deficits in synaptic plasticity are recapitulated by knockdown of atg5 specifically in postsynaptic pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area. Conducive to the role of synaptic plasticity in behavioral flexibility, mice with autophagy deficiency in excitatory neurons exhibit altered response in reversal learning. Therefore, local assembly of the autophagic machinery in dendrites ensures the degradation of postsynaptic components and facilitates LTD expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Kallergi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | | | - Angeliki Kolaxi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Come Camus
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Evangelia Ioannou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Valentina Mercaldo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Per Haberkant
- Proteomic Core Facility (PCF), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomic Core Facility (PCF), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yannis Dalezios
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mikhail M Savitski
- Proteomic Core Facility (PCF), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Hosy
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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Kim TW, Lee HG. Apigenin Induces Autophagy and Cell Death by Targeting EZH2 under Hypoxia Conditions in Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413455. [PMID: 34948250 PMCID: PMC8706813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major obstacle to gastric cancer (GC) therapy and leads to chemoresistance as GC cells are frequently exposed to the hypoxia environment. Apigenin, a flavonoid found in traditional medicine, fruits, and vegetables and an HDAC inhibitor, is a powerful anti-cancer agent against various cancer cell lines. However, detailed mechanisms involved in the treatment of GC using APG are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the biological activity of and molecular mechanisms involved in APG-mediated treatment of GC under hypoxia. APG promoted autophagic cell death by increasing ATG5, LC3-II, and phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1 and down-regulating p-mTOR and p62 in GC. Furthermore, our results show that APG induces autophagic cell death via the activation of the PERK signaling, indicating an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The inhibition of ER stress suppressed APG-induced autophagy and conferred prolonged cell survival, indicating autophagic cell death. We further show that APG induces ER stress- and autophagy-related cell death through the inhibition of HIF-1α and Ezh2 under normoxia and hypoxia. Taken together, our findings indicate that APG activates autophagic cell death by inhibiting HIF-1α and Ezh2 under hypoxia conditions in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.W.K.); (H.G.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0329 (T.W.K.); +82-42-860-4182 (H.G.L.); Fax: +82-2-961-1165 (T.W.K.); +82-42-860-4593 (H.G.L.)
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.W.K.); (H.G.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0329 (T.W.K.); +82-42-860-4182 (H.G.L.); Fax: +82-2-961-1165 (T.W.K.); +82-42-860-4593 (H.G.L.)
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27
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Chen Q, Xu XY, Hou XX, Chen SC. The upregulation of proteins light chain 3 and autophagy-related 5 and the occurence of intestinal-type gastric cancer. J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 72. [PMID: 35377342 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2021.6.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the expression levels and values of autophagy genes light chain 3 (LC3) and autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) in intestinal-type gastric cancer. Ninety samples of normal gastric mucosa, intraepithelial neoplasia, and gastric cancer tissue were used in this study. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of autophagy genes LC3 and ATG5 were detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and the immunohistochemistry method. The correlations of the autophagy genes and certain clinical pathological parameters were analyzed. The results showed that LC3 mRNA expression was 43.76 ± 20.31 in the normal group, 111.29 ± 18.65 in the intraepithelial neoplasia group, and 131.78 ± 26.29 in the gastric cancer group, while ATG5 mRNA expression was 4.52 ± 2.37 in the normal group, 7.09 ± 1.88 in the intraepithelial neoplasia group, and 10.25 ± 2.81 in the gastric cancer group. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The protein expression of LC3 in the normal group was 1.05 ± 0.41, 1.53 ± 0.36 in the intraepithelial neoplasia group, and 1.99 ± 0.14 in the gastric cancer group. The protein expression of ATG5 was 0.78 ± 0.24 in the normal group, 1.37 ± 0.39 in the intraepithelial neoplasia group, and 2.04 ± 0.63 in the gastric cancer group. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The positive rate of LC3 protein expression was 33.3% in the normal group and 60% in the intraepithelial neoplasia group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.89; P = 0.04). In the gastric cancer group, the positive rate of LC3 protein expression was 83.3%, making it significantly higher than the intraepithelial neoplasia group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 4.02, P = 0.045). The positive rate of ATG5 protein expression was 23.3% in the normal group, 50.0% in the intraepithelial neoplasia group, and 76.7% in the gastric cancer group. The expression in the intraepithelial neoplasia group was much higher than in the normal group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 4.59, P = 0.03), and that of the gastric cancer group was much higher than that of the intraepithelial neoplasia group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 4.59, P = 0.03). LC3 protein expression was significantly correlated with depth of infiltration, and lymph node status. ATG5 protein expression was significantly correlated with age, depth of infiltration, and lymph node status. There was also a correlation between the LC3 and ATG5 proteins (correlation coefficient r = 0.72, P = 0.001). The enhanced autophagy activity of LC3 and ATG5 may participate in the occurrence and development of intestinal gastric cancer, and they may play a synergistic role in promoting the occurrence and development of intestinal gastric cancer. These findings provide clinical value for the diagnosis of intestinal gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - X-Y Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - X-X Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - S-C Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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Uchida Y, Torisu K, Ueki K, Tsuruya K, Nakano T, Kitazono T. Autophagy gene ATG7 regulates albumin transcytosis in renal tubule epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F572-F586. [PMID: 34541900 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00172.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated albumin transport in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) is important to control proteinuria. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway, and its role in intracellular trafficking through interactions with the endocytic pathway has recently been highlighted. Here, we determined whether autophagy regulates albumin transcytosis in PTECs and suppresses albumin-induced cytotoxicity using human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a receptor for albumin transcytosis, is partially colocalized with autophagosomes. Recycling of FcRn was attenuated, and FcRn accumulated in autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) knockdown HK-2 cells. Colocalization of FcRn with RAB7-positive late endosomes and RAB11-positive recycling endosomes was reduced in ATG7 knockdown cells, which decreased recycling of FcRn to the plasma membrane. In ATG7 or autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) knockdown cells and Atg5 or Atg7 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, albumin transcytosis was significantly reduced and intracellular albumin accumulation was increased. Finally, the release of kidney injury molecule-1, a marker of tubule injury, from ATG7 or ATG5 knockdown cells was increased in response to excess albumin. In conclusion, suppression of autophagy in tubules impairs FcRn transport, thereby inhibiting albumin transcytosis. The resulting accumulation of albumin induces cytotoxicity in tubules.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Albumin transport in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) is important to control proteinuria. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a receptor for albumin transcytosis, is partially colocalized with autophagosomes. Recycling of FcRn to the plasma membrane was decreased in autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) knockdown cells. In addition, albumin transcytosis was decreased in ATG7 or autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) knockdown PTECs. Finally, release of kidney injury molecule-1 from ATG7 or ATG5 knockdown cells was increased in response to excess albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Uchida
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ueki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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29
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Walayat A, Li Y, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Liu B, Shao XM, Zhang L, Xiao D. Fetal e-cigarette exposure programs a neonatal brain hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotype via altering DNA methylation patterns and autophagy signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R791-R801. [PMID: 34524928 PMCID: PMC8616627 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00207.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal e-cigarette (e-cig) exposure is a pressing perinatal health concern. Emerging evidence reveals its potential adverse impacts on brain development in offspring, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that fetal e-cig exposure induces an aberrant DNA methylation profile in the developing brain, leading to alteration of autophagic flux signaling and programming of a sensitive phenotype to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Pregnant rats were exposed to chronic intermittent e-cig aerosol. Neonates were examined at the age of 9 days old. Maternal e-cig exposure decreased the body weight and brain weight but enhanced the brain-to-body weight ratio in the neonates. E-cig exposure induced a gender-dependent increase in hypoxic-ischemia-induced brain injury in male neonates associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. It differentially altered DNA methyltransferase expression and enhanced both global DNA methylation levels and specific CpG methylation at the autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) promoter. In addition, maternal e-cig exposure caused downregulations of ATG5, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β, and sirtuin 1 expression in neonatal brains. Of importance, knockdown of ATG5 in neonatal pups exaggerated neonatal HIE. In conclusion, the present study reveals that maternal e-cig exposure downregulates autophagy-related gene expression via DNA hypermethylation, leading to programming of a hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Walayat
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Yingjie Fu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Bailin Liu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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30
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Vujić N, Bradić I, Goeritzer M, Kuentzel KB, Rainer S, Kratky D, Radović B. ATG7 is dispensable for LC3-PE conjugation in thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. Autophagy 2021; 17:3402-3407. [PMID: 33459130 PMCID: PMC8632316 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1874132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioglycolate-elicited macrophages exhibit abundant conjugation of LC3 with PE (LC3-II). Among other autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, it is proposed that, like in yeast, both ATG5 and ATG7 are essential for LC3 conjugation. Using atg5-deficient (-/-) and atg7-/-macrophages, we provide evidence that loss of ATG5 but not of ATG7 resulted in LC3-II depletion. Accumulation of LC3-II in elicited atg7-/- macrophages in response to bafilomycin A1 validated these data. Furthermore, complete loss of ATG3 in atg7-/- macrophages demonstrated that ATG7 and ATG3 are dispensable for LC3-PE conjugation. In contrast to thioglycolate-elicited macrophages, naïve peritoneal and bone marrow-derived atg7-/- macrophages exhibited no LC3-II, even under inflammatory stimuli in vitro. Hence, the macrophage metabolic status dictates the level of LC3-PE conjugation with a supportive but nonessential role of ATG7, disclosing the eukaryotic exception from the LC3 lipidation model based on yeast data. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy-related; BM: bone marrow; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivan Bradić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Madeleine Goeritzer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Silvia Rainer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Branislav Radović
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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31
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Shi Y, Zou X, Wen S, Gao L, Li J, Han J, Han S. An organelle-directed chemical ligation approach enables dual-color detection of mitophagy. Autophagy 2021; 17:3475-3490. [PMID: 33435798 PMCID: PMC8632332 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1875597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional organelles and defective turnover of organelles are engaged in multiple human diseases, but are elusive to image with conventional organelle probes. To overcome this, we developed intra-mitochondrial CLICK to assess mitophagy (IMCLAM), using a pair of conventional ΔΨm probes, where each probe alone fails to track dysfunctional mitochondria. The in situ formed optical triad is stably trapped in mitochondria without resorting to ΔΨm. Utilizing an acidity-responsive ΔΨm probe, IMCLAM enabled fluorescence-on detection of mitophagy by sensing pH acidification upon delivery of mitochondria into lysosomes. Moreover, we applied IMCLAM to assay mitophagy induced by pharmacological compounds in living cells and wild-type zebrafish embryos. Thus, IMCLAM offers a simplified tool to study mitochondria and mitophagy and provide a basis for screening mitophagy-inducing compounds. Abbreviations: CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; IMCLAM, intra-mitochondrial CLICK to assess mitophagy; ROX, X-rhodamine; SPAAC, stain-promoted azide-alkyne Click Chemistry; TPP, triphenylphosphonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shixiong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Meyer N, Henkel L, Linder B, Zielke S, Tascher G, Trautmann S, Geisslinger G, Münch C, Fulda S, Tegeder I, Kögel D. Autophagy activation, lipotoxicity and lysosomal membrane permeabilization synergize to promote pimozide- and loperamide-induced glioma cell death. Autophagy 2021; 17:3424-3443. [PMID: 33461384 PMCID: PMC8632287 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1874208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that induction of lethal macroautophagy/autophagy carries potential significance for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). In continuation of previous work, we demonstrate that pimozide and loperamide trigger an ATG5- and ATG7 (autophagy related 5 and 7)-dependent type of cell death that is significantly reduced with cathepsin inhibitors and the lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger α-tocopherol in MZ-54 GBM cells. Global proteomic analysis after treatment with both drugs also revealed an increase of proteins related to lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes. These changes were accompanied by a massive accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids in the lysosomal compartment, indicative of impaired lipid transport/degradation. In line with these observations, pimozide and loperamide treatment were associated with a pronounced increase of bioactive sphingolipids including ceramides, glucosylceramides and sphingoid bases measured by targeted lipidomic analysis. Furthermore, pimozide and loperamide inhibited the activity of SMPD1/ASM (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1) and promoted induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), as well as release of CTSB (cathepsin B) into the cytosol in MZ-54 wild-type (WT) cells. Whereas LMP and cell death were significantly attenuated in ATG5 and ATG7 knockout (KO) cells, both events were enhanced by depletion of the lysophagy receptor VCP (valosin containing protein), supporting a pro-survival function of lysophagy under these conditions. Collectively, our data suggest that pimozide and loperamide-driven autophagy and lipotoxicity synergize to induce LMP and cell death. The results also support the notion that simultaneous overactivation of autophagy and induction of LMP represents a promising approach for the treatment of GBM.Abbreviations: ACD: autophagic cell death; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG14: autophagy related 14; CERS1: ceramide synthase 1; CTSB: cathepsin B; CYBB/NOX2: cytochrome b-245 beta chain; ER: endoplasmatic reticulum; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GBM: glioblastoma; GO: gene ontology; HTR7/5-HT7: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; RB1CC1: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; SMPD1/ASM: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1; VCP/p97: valosin containing protein; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Meyer
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Henkel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Svenja Zielke
- Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Zhang X, Bai Y, Huang L, Liu S, Mo Y, Cheng W, Wang G, Cao Z, Chen X, Cui H, Qi L, Ma L, Liu M, Guan XY, Ma NF. CHD1L augments autophagy-mediated migration of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting ZKSCAN3. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:950. [PMID: 34654797 PMCID: PMC8520006 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important biological process in normal cells. However, how it affects tumor progression still remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that the oncogenic protein Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding-protein 1-like gene (CHD1L) might promote HCC cells migration and metastasis through autophagy. CHD1L could bind to the promotor region of Zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domain 3 (ZKSCAN3), a pivotal autophagy suppressor, and inhibit its transcription. We established inducible CHD1L conditional knockout cell line (CHD1L-iKO cell) and found that the deletion of CHD1L significantly increased ZKSCAN3 expression both at mRNA and protein level. Deletion of CHD1L impaired the autophagic flux and migration of HCC cells, while specifically inhibiting ZKSCAN3 blocked these effects. Further exploration demonstrated that the enhanced tumor cell migration and metastasis induced by CHD1L was mediated through ZKSCAN3-induced autophagic degradation of Paxillin. In summary, we have characterized a previously unknown function of CHD1L in regulating tumor migration via ZKSCAN3-mediated autophagy in HCC. Further inhibition of CHD1L and its downstream autophagy signaling might shed new light on cancer therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Autophagy-Related Protein 5/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/ultrastructure
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Paxillin/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinshan Bai
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Mo
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangliang Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Cao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqing Cui
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Qi
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning-Fang Ma
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong ProvincialKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kong L, Deng J, Zhou X, Cai B, Zhang B, Chen X, Chen Z, Wang W. Sitagliptin activates the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway to alleviate oxidative stress and excessive autophagy in severe acute pancreatitis-related acute lung injury. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:928. [PMID: 34635643 PMCID: PMC8505515 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complication of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Sitagliptin (SIT) is a DPP4 inhibitor that exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; however, its mechanism of action in SAP-ALI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of SIT on SAP-ALI and the specific pathways involved in SAP-induced lung inflammation, including oxidative stress, autophagy, and p62-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathways. Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were pre-treated with SIT (100 mg/kg), followed by caerulein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to induce pancreatic and lung injury. BEAS-2B cells were transfected with siRNA-Nrf2 and treated with LPS, and the changes in inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and autophagy were measured. SIT reduced histological damage, oedema, and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited excessive autophagy and ROS production via the activation of the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway and promotion of the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. In Nrf2-knockout mice, the anti-inflammatory effect of SIT was reduced, resulting in ROS accumulation and excessive autophagy. In BEAS-2B cells, LPS induced ROS production and activated autophagy, further enhanced by Nrf2 knockdown. This study demonstrates that SIT reduces SAP-ALI-associated oxidative stress and excessive autophagy through the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, suggesting its therapeutic potential in SAP-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingming Kong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binbin Cai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baofu Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zongjing Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Nemati S, Pazoki H, Mohammad Rahimi H, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Shahrokh S, Baghaei K, Mirjalali H, Zali MR. Toxoplasma gondii profilin and tachyzoites RH strain may manipulate autophagy via downregulating Atg5 and Atg12 and upregulating Atg7. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7041-7047. [PMID: 34453672 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy process is an important defense mechanism against intracellular infection. This process plays a critical role in limiting the development of Toxoplasma gondii. This study aimed to investigate the effects of T. gondii profilin and tachyzoites on the expression of autophagy genes. METHODS AND RESULTS PMA-activated THP-1 cell line was incubated with T. gondii profilin and tachyzoites for 6 h. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression of Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, and LC3b was evaluated using real-time PCR. The results revealed statistically significant downregulation of Atg5 for 1.43 (P-value = 0.0062) and 4.15 (P-value = 0.0178) folds after treatment with T. gondii profilin and tachyzoites, respectively. Similar to Atg 5, Atg 12 revealed a statistically significant downregulation for profilin (1.41 fold; P-value = 0.0047) and T. gondii tachyzoites (3.25 fold; P-value = 0.011). The expression of Atg7 elevated in both T. gondii profilin (2.083 fold; P-value = 0.0087) and tachyzoites (1.64 fold; P-value = 0.206). T. gondii profilin and tachyzoites downregulated (1.04 fold; P-value = 0.0028) and upregulated (twofold; P-value = 0.091) the expression of LC3b, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that T. gondii and profilin may manipulate autophagy via preventing from the formation of Atg5-12-16L complex to facilitate replication of T. gondii and development of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nemati
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Pazoki
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Xu Y, Chen J, Wang M, Yu R, Zou W, Shen W. Mechanism of lncRNA-ANRIL/miR-181b in autophagy of cardiomyocytes in mice with uremia by targeting ATG5. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256734. [PMID: 34469488 PMCID: PMC8410126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is to investigate whether the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) can regulate the autophagy of cardiomyocytes (CMs) by secreting lncRNA-ANRIL/miR-181b exosomes, thus participating in the occurrence of uremic cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS A 5/6 nephrectomy uremia model was established, with the mice injected with ANRIL-shRNA lentivirus vector, miR-181b agomir, and related control reagents, containing the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen measured. The renal tissue sections of mice were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), TUNEL, and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) performed on myocardial tissue sections of mice. ANRIL-shRNA, miR-181b mimics, and related control reagents were transfected into CMECs, in which the exosomes were extracted and co-cultured with CMs. The expressions of ANRIL, miR-181b and ATG5 were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expressions of autophagy related proteins by Western blot, as well as the binding of ANRIL and miR-181b by the double luciferase reporter gene experiment. RESULTS ANRIL down-regulation or miR-181b up-regulation can increase the weight of mice with uremia, as well as the expressions of p62 and miR-181b, and reduce the content of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, the damage of kidney and myocardial tissues, the number of apoptotic cells in myocardial tissues, as well as the expressions of ANRIL, ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3. CMs can absorb the exosomes of CMECs. Compared with IS+ CMEC-Exo group, the expressions of ANRIL and ATG5 in CMs of IS+ CMEC-Exo + sh lncRNA ANRIL and IS+CMEC-Exo+miR-181b mimics groups was down-regulated, as well as the expressions of ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3, while miR-181b expression was up-regulated as well as P62 expression. CONCLUSIONS CMECs can regulate autophagy of CMs by releasing exosomes containing ANRIL and miR-181b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rizhen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenly Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang X, Yin Y, Su Y, Jia Z, Jiang L, Lu Y, Zheng H, Peng J, Rao S, Wu G, Chen J, Yan F. eIF4A, a target of siRNA derived from rice stripe virus, negatively regulates antiviral autophagy by interacting with ATG5 in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009963. [PMID: 34587220 PMCID: PMC8504976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is induced by viral infection and has antiviral functions in plants, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We previously identified a viral small interfering RNA (vsiRNA) derived from rice stripe virus (RSV) RNA4 that contributes to the leaf-twisting and stunting symptoms caused by this virus by targeting the host eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) mRNA for silencing. In addition, autophagy plays antiviral roles by degrading RSV p3 protein, a suppressor of RNA silencing. Here, we demonstrate that eIF4A acts as a negative regulator of autophagy in Nicotiana benthamiana. Silencing of NbeIF4A activated autophagy and inhibited RSV infection by facilitating autophagic degradation of p3. Further analysis showed that NbeIF4A interacts with NbATG5 and interferes with its interaction with ATG12. Overexpression of NbeIF4A suppressed NbATG5-activated autophagy. Moreover, expression of vsiRNA-4A, which targets NbeIF4A mRNA for cleavage, induced autophagy by silencing NbeIF4A. Finally, we demonstrate that eIF4A from rice, the natural host of RSV, also interacts with OsATG5 and suppresses OsATG5-activated autophagy, pointing to the conserved function of eIF4A as a negative regulator of antiviral autophagy. Taken together, these results reveal that eIF4A negatively regulates antiviral autophagy by interacting with ATG5 and that its mRNA is recognized by a virus-derived siRNA, resulting in its silencing, which induces autophagy against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yueyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunhe Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaoxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Abstract
ATG7 drives macroautophagy, hereafter "autophagy", by generating ATG12-ATG5 conjugates and lipidating Atg8 homologs including LC3. A pioneering body of work has defined the requirement of ATG7 for survival in mice and shown that neural-specific atg7 deletion causes neurodegeneration, but it has not been ascertained whether human life is compatible with ATG7 dysfunction. Recently, we defined the importance of ATG7 in human physiology by identifying twelve patients from five families harboring pathogenic, biallelic ATG7 variants causing a neurodevelopmental disorder. Patient fibroblasts show undetectable or severely diminished ATG7 protein levels, and biochemical assessment via autophagic flux and long-lived protein degradation assays demonstrated that attenuated autophagy underpins the pathology. Confirming the pathogenicity of patient variants, mouse cells expressing mutated ATG7 are unable to rescue LC3/Atg8 lipidation to wild-type levels. Our work defines mutated ATG7 as an important cause of human neurological disease and expands our understanding of autophagy in longevity and human health. We demonstrated that in certain circumstances, human survival with relatively mild phenotypes is possible even with undetectable levels of a nonredundant core autophagy protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J. Collier
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas G. McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Sun T, Peng H, Mao W, Ma L, Liu H, Mai J, Jiao L. Autophagy-mediated negative feedback attenuates the oncogenic activity of YAP in pancreatic cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3634-3645. [PMID: 34512171 PMCID: PMC8416727 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal malignancy in humans, and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a significant role in cancer progression. Autophagy is also closely associated with various human cancers. However, the interplay between YAP and autophagy in PDAC remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that YAP was upregulated and activated in PDAC. Further analysis revealed that there is a YAP-autophagy feedback loop in pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, YAP activates autophagy by promoting Atg5 transcription via TEAD1-mediated binding, while autophagy negatively regulates YAP through autophagic degradation. The hyperactivation of YAP in PDAC unbalances the YAP-autophagy circuit and promotes cancer progression. Inhibition of autophagy enhances the oncogenic activity of YAP in PDAC. The autophagy activator rapamycin promotes the antitumor effect of verteporfin, a YAP inhibitor. Therefore, our study elucidated the interaction between YAP and autophagy in PDAC and our results suggest that targeting the YAP-autophagy circuit may be a new therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenhao Mao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liwei Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jia Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Kundumani-Sridharan V, Subramani J, Owens C, Das KC. Nrg1β Released in Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Myocardial Perfusion and Decreases Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via ErbB2-Mediated Rescue of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Abrogation of Trx2 Autophagy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2293-2314. [PMID: 34039018 PMCID: PMC8288485 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an intervention process where the application of multiple cycles of short ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in a remote vascular bed provides protection against I/R injury. However, the identity of the specific RIPC factor and the mechanism by which RIPC alleviates I/R injury remains unclear. Here, we have investigated the identity and the mechanism by which the RIPC factor provides protection. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Using fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, we found that RIPC induces Nrg1β expression in the endothelial cells, which is secreted into the serum. Whereas, RIPC protected against myocardial apoptosis and infarction, treatment with neutralizing-Nrg1 antibodies abolished the protective effect of RIPC. Further, increased superoxide anion generated in RIPC is required for Nrg1 expression. Improved myocardial perfusion and nitric oxide production were achieved by RIPC as determined by contrast echocardiography and electron spin resonance. However, treatment with neutralizing-Nrg1β antibody abrogated these effects, suggesting Nrg1β is a RIPC factor. ErbB2 (Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) is not expressed in the adult murine cardiomyocytes, but expressed in the endothelial cells of heart which is degraded in I/R. RIPC-induced Nrg1β interacts with endothelial ErbB2 and thereby prevents its degradation. Mitochondrial Trx2 (thioredoxin) is degraded in I/R, but rescue of ErbB2 by Nrg1β prevents Trx-2 degradation that decreased myocardial apoptosis in I/R. CONCLUSIONS: Nrg1β is a RIPC factor that interacts with endothelial ErbB2 and prevents its degradation, which in turn prevents Trx2 degradation due to phosphorylation and inactivation of ATG5 (autophagy-related 5) by ErbB2. Nrg1β also restored loss of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) function in I/R via its interaction with Src.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaganathan Subramani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock
| | - Cade Owens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock
| | - Kumuda C. Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock
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Wei X, Maharjan Y, Dorotea D, Dutta RK, Kim D, Kim H, Mu Y, Park C, Park R. Knockdown of PEX16 Induces Autophagic Degradation of Peroxisomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157989. [PMID: 34360754 PMCID: PMC8348608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome abundance is regulated by homeostasis between the peroxisomal biogenesis and degradation processes. Peroxin 16 (PEX16) is a peroxisomal protein involved in trafficking membrane proteins for de novo peroxisome biogenesis. The present study demonstrates that PEX16 also modulates peroxisome abundance through pexophagic degradation. PEX16 knockdown in human retinal pigment epithelial-1 cells decreased peroxisome abundance and function, represented by reductions in the expression of peroxisome membrane protein ABCD3 and the levels of cholesterol and plasmalogens, respectively. The activation of pexophagy under PEX16 knockdown was shown by (i) abrogated peroxisome loss under PEX16 knockdown in autophagy-deficient ATG5 knockout cell lines, and (ii) increased autophagy flux and co-localization of p62-an autophagy adaptor protein-with ABCD3 in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. However, the levels of cholesterol and plasmalogens did not recover despite the restoration of peroxisome abundance following chloroquine treatment. Thus, PEX16 is indispensable for maintaining peroxisome homeostasis by regulating not only the commonly known biogenesis pathway but also the autophagic degradation of peroxisomes.
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Flores-Toro J, Chun SK, Shin JK, Campbell J, Lichtenberger M, Chapman W, Zendejas I, Behrns K, Leeuwenburgh C, Kim JS. Critical Roles of Calpastatin in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Aged Livers. Cells 2021; 10:1863. [PMID: 34440632 PMCID: PMC8394464 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury unavoidably occurs during hepatic resection and transplantation. Aged livers poorly tolerate I/R during surgical treatment. Although livers have a powerful endogenous inhibitor of calpains, calpastatin (CAST), I/R activates calpains, leading to impaired autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hepatocyte death. It is unknown how I/R in aged livers affects CAST. Human and mouse liver biopsies at different ages were collected during in vivo I/R. Hepatocytes were isolated from 3-month- (young) and 26-month-old (aged) mice, and challenged with short in vitro simulated I/R. Cell death, protein expression, autophagy, and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) between the two age groups were compared. Adenoviral vector was used to overexpress CAST. Significant cell death was observed only in reperfused aged hepatocytes. Before the commencement of ischemia, CAST expression in aged human and mouse livers and mouse hepatocytes was markedly greater than that in young counterparts. However, reperfusion substantially decreased CAST in aged human and mouse livers. In hepatocytes, reperfusion rapidly depleted aged cells of CAST, cleaved autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), and induced defective autophagy and MPT onset, all of which were blocked by CAST overexpression. Furthermore, mitochondrial morphology was shifted toward an elongated shape with CAST overexpression. In conclusion, CAST in aged livers is intrinsically short-lived and lost after short I/R. CAST depletion contributes to age-dependent liver injury after I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Flores-Toro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.F.-T.); (S.-K.C.); (I.Z.); (K.B.)
| | - Sung-Kook Chun
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.F.-T.); (S.-K.C.); (I.Z.); (K.B.)
| | - Jun-Kyu Shin
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.-K.S.); (J.C.); (M.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Joan Campbell
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.-K.S.); (J.C.); (M.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Melissa Lichtenberger
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.-K.S.); (J.C.); (M.L.); (W.C.)
| | - William Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.-K.S.); (J.C.); (M.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Ivan Zendejas
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.F.-T.); (S.-K.C.); (I.Z.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Behrns
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.F.-T.); (S.-K.C.); (I.Z.); (K.B.)
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.F.-T.); (S.-K.C.); (I.Z.); (K.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.-K.S.); (J.C.); (M.L.); (W.C.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Saltykova IV, Elahi A, Pitale PM, Gorbatyuk OS, Athar M, Gorbatyuk MS. Tribbles homolog 3-mediated targeting the AKT/mTOR axis in mice with retinal degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:664. [PMID: 34215725 PMCID: PMC8253859 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various retinal degenerative disorders manifest in alterations of the AKT/mTOR axis. Despite this, consensus on the therapeutic targeting of mTOR in degenerating retinas has not yet been achieved. Therefore, we investigated the role of AKT/mTOR signaling in rd16 retinas, in which we restored the AKT/mTOR axis by genetic ablation of pseudokinase TRB3, known to inhibit phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. First, we found that TRB3 ablation resulted in preservation of photoreceptor function in degenerating retinas. Then, we learned that the mTOR downstream cellular pathways involved in the homeostasis of photoreceptors were also reprogrammed in rd16 TRB3-/- retinas. Thus, the level of inactivated translational repressor p-4E-BP1 was significantly increased in these mice along with the restoration of translational rate. Moreover, in rd16 mice manifesting decline in p-mTOR at P15, we found elevated expression of Beclin-1 and ATG5 autophagy genes. Thus, these mice showed impaired autophagy flux measured as an increase in LC3 conversion and p62 accumulation. In addition, the RFP-EGFP-LC3 transgene expression in rd16 retinas resulted in statistically fewer numbers of red puncta in photoreceptors, suggesting impaired late autophagic vacuoles. In contrast, TRIB3 ablation in these mice resulted in improved autophagy flux. The restoration of translation rate and the boost in autophagosome formation occurred concomitantly with an increase in total Ub and rhodopsin protein levels and the elevation of E3 ligase Parkin1. We propose that TRB3 may retard retinal degeneration and be a promising therapeutic target to treat various retinal degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Saltykova
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Asif Elahi
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Priyam M Pitale
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Oleg S Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marina S Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Mukha A, Kahya U, Linge A, Chen O, Löck S, Lukiyanchuk V, Richter S, Alves TC, Peitzsch M, Telychko V, Skvortsov S, Negro G, Aschenbrenner B, Skvortsova II, Mirtschink P, Lohaus F, Hölscher T, Neubauer H, Rivandi M, Labitzky V, Lange T, Franken A, Behrens B, Stoecklein NH, Toma M, Sommer U, Zschaeck S, Rehm M, Eisenhofer G, Schwager C, Abdollahi A, Groeben C, Kunz-Schughart LA, Baretton GB, Baumann M, Krause M, Peitzsch C, Dubrovska A. GLS-driven glutamine catabolism contributes to prostate cancer radiosensitivity by regulating the redox state, stemness and ATG5-mediated autophagy. Theranostics 2021; 11:7844-7868. [PMID: 34335968 PMCID: PMC8315064 DOI: 10.7150/thno.58655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the curative treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PCa). The curative potential of radiotherapy is mediated by irradiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in tumor cells. However, PCa radiocurability can be impeded by tumor resistance mechanisms and normal tissue toxicity. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the major hallmarks of tumor progression and therapy resistance. Specific metabolic features of PCa might serve as therapeutic targets for tumor radiosensitization and as biomarkers for identifying the patients most likely to respond to radiotherapy. The study aimed to characterize a potential role of glutaminase (GLS)-driven glutamine catabolism as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for PCa radiosensitization. Methods: We analyzed primary cell cultures and radioresistant (RR) derivatives of the conventional PCa cell lines by gene expression and metabolic assays to identify the molecular traits associated with radiation resistance. Relative radiosensitivity of the cell lines and primary cell cultures were analyzed by 2-D and 3-D clonogenic analyses. Targeting of glutamine (Gln) metabolism was achieved by Gln starvation, gene knockdown, and chemical inhibition. Activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and autophagy was assessed by gene expression, western blotting, and fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were analyzed by fluorescence and luminescence probes, respectively. Cancer stem cell (CSC) properties were investigated by sphere-forming assay, CSC marker analysis, and in vivo limiting dilution assays. Single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolated from the blood of PCa patients were analyzed by array comparative genome hybridization. Expression levels of the GLS1 and MYC gene in tumor tissues and amino acid concentrations in blood plasma were correlated to a progression-free survival in PCa patients. Results: Here, we found that radioresistant PCa cells and prostate CSCs have a high glutamine demand. GLS-driven catabolism of glutamine serves not only for energy production but also for the maintenance of the redox state. Consequently, glutamine depletion or inhibition of critical regulators of glutamine utilization, such as GLS and the transcription factor MYC results in PCa radiosensitization. On the contrary, we found that a combination of glutamine metabolism inhibitors with irradiation does not cause toxic effects on nonmalignant prostate cells. Glutamine catabolism contributes to the maintenance of CSCs through regulation of the alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent chromatin-modifying dioxygenase. The lack of glutamine results in the inhibition of CSCs with a high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, decreases the frequency of the CSC populations in vivo and reduces tumor formation in xenograft mouse models. Moreover, this study shows that activation of the ATG5-mediated autophagy in response to a lack of glutamine is a tumor survival strategy to withstand radiation-mediated cell damage. In combination with autophagy inhibition, the blockade of glutamine metabolism might be a promising strategy for PCa radiosensitization. High blood levels of glutamine in PCa patients significantly correlate with a shorter prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time. Furthermore, high expression of critical regulators of glutamine metabolism, GLS1 and MYC, is significantly associated with a decreased progression-free survival in PCa patients treated with radiotherapy. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that GLS-driven glutaminolysis is a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PCa radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mukha
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
| | - Uğur Kahya
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleg Chen
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasyl Lukiyanchuk
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Department for Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Telychko
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giulia Negro
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bertram Aschenbrenner
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Hölscher
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mahdi Rivandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Labitzky
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - André Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bianca Behrens
- General, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- General, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marieta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zschaeck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rehm
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Schwager
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christer Groeben
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
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Liu M, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Hu X. Guizhi Fuling Wan reduces autophagy of granulosa cell in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome via restoring the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 270:113821. [PMID: 33460753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to remove blood stasis and dissipate phlegm for treating gynecological diseases that was invented by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han dynasty. In recent years, GFW has been widely used to treat patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clinical and animal studies have shown that it is effective in the treatment of PCOS, but its mechanism is unknown. Generally, it works by regulating autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effects and mechanism of GFW in PCOS rats with insulin resistance (IR) in order to provide better understanding of its observed clinical effects and a theoretical basis for the study of traditional Chinese medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 12 per group): 1) control, 2) PCOS model, 3) low-dose GFW, 4) medium-dose GFW, 5) high-dose GFW, 6) metformin, and 7) medium-dose GFW plus LY294002. In all non-control groups, we induced PCOS through daily letrozole combined with intragastric high-fat emulsion for 21 days. After treatment, rats were sacrificed and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β-estradiol, fasting insulin (FINS), and fasting plasma glucose levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The LH/FSH ratios and HOMA-IR values were calculated. Ovarian morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and all follicles were counted under a microscope. MDC-positive vesicles were used as markers to detect autophagy, and the expression levels of p62, Beclin1, and LC3-II were examined by immunostaining. Western blotting was used to measure PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation, granulosa cell apoptosis, and autophagy. RESULTS Compared with the PCOS model group, GFW-treated rats had less atretic and cystic follicles, and more mature follicles and corpus lutea. The GFW-treated rats had lower serum T, LH, and FINS levels than the PCOS model group, as well as lower LH/FSH ratios and HOMA-IR values. GFW treatment resulted in significantly reduced levels of cleaved-Caspase-3, cleaved-Caspase-9, BAX, Beclin1, Atg5, and LC3-II. Phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR was significantly higher in GFW-treated rats compared with the PCOS model group. The phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR was decreased with the use of a PI3K antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that GFW inhibited granulosa cell autophagy and promoted follicular development to attenuate ovulation disorder in PCOS-IR rats. This was associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Hongqiu Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine / Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
| | - Ying Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.
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Barros JAS, Magen S, Lapidot-Cohen T, Rosental L, Brotman Y, Araújo WL, Avin-Wittenberg T. Autophagy is required for lipid homeostasis during dark-induced senescence. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:1542-1558. [PMID: 33793926 PMCID: PMC8133563 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that mediates the degradation of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotic cells. In plants, autophagy has been extensively associated with the recycling of proteins during carbon-starvation conditions. Even though lipids constitute a significant energy reserve, our understanding of the function of autophagy in the management of cell lipid reserves and components remains fragmented. To further investigate the significance of autophagy in lipid metabolism, we performed an extensive lipidomic characterization of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) autophagy mutants (atg) subjected to dark-induced senescence conditions. Our results revealed an altered lipid profile in atg mutants, suggesting that autophagy affects the homeostasis of multiple lipid components under dark-induced senescence. The acute degradation of chloroplast lipids coupled with the differential accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and plastoglobuli indicates an alternative metabolic reprogramming toward lipid storage in atg mutants. The imbalance of lipid metabolism compromises the production of cytosolic lipid droplets and the regulation of peroxisomal lipid oxidation pathways in atg mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 9190401, Israel
| | - Sahar Magen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 9190401, Israel
| | - Taly Lapidot-Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Leah Rosental
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 9190401, Israel
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Liu Y, Che X, Zhang H, Fu X, Yao Y, Luo J, Yang Y, Cai R, Yu X, Yang J, Zhou MS. CAPN1 (Calpain1)-Mediated Impairment of Autophagic Flux Contributes to Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Damage. Stroke 2021; 52:1809-1821. [PMID: 33874744 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Xiaohang Che
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Ruiping Cai
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Xiangnan Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, China (Y.L., Y. Yao, Y. Yang, R.C., M.-S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China (Y.L., X.C., H.Z., X.F., X.Y., J.Y.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, China (J.L.)
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Ott C, Jung T, Brix S, John C, Betz IR, Foryst-Ludwig A, Deubel S, Kuebler WM, Grune T, Kintscher U, Grune J. Hypertrophy-Reduced Autophagy Causes Cardiac Dysfunction by Directly Impacting Cardiomyocyte Contractility. Cells 2021; 10:805. [PMID: 33916597 PMCID: PMC8065800 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction are leading causes in hypertrophy-associated heart failure (HF), increasing with a population's rising age. A hallmark of aged and diseased hearts is the accumulation of modified proteins caused by an impaired autophagy-lysosomal-pathway. Although, autophagy inducer rapamycin has been described to exert cardioprotective effects, it remains to be shown whether these effects can be attributed to improved cardiomyocyte autophagy and contractility. In vivo hypertrophy was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), with mice receiving daily rapamycin injections beginning six weeks after surgery for four weeks. Echocardiographic analysis demonstrated TAC-induced HF and protein analyses showed abundance of modified proteins in TAC-hearts after 10 weeks, both reduced by rapamycin. In vitro, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was mimicked by endothelin 1 (ET-1) and autophagy manipulated by silencing Atg5 in neonatal cardiomyocytes. ET-1 and siAtg5 decreased Atg5-Atg12 and LC3-II, increased natriuretic peptides, and decreased amplitude and early phase of contraction in cardiomyocytes, the latter two evaluated using ImageJ macro Myocyter recently developed by us. ET-1 further decreased cell contractility in control but not in siAtg5 cells. In conclusion, ET-1 decreased autophagy and cardiomyocyte contractility, in line with siAtg5-treated cells and the results of TAC-mice demonstrating a crucial role for autophagy in cardiomyocyte contractility and cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Ott
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Sarah Brix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathleen John
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Iris R. Betz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Deubel
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.J.); (C.J.); (S.D.); (T.G.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (I.R.B.); (A.F.-L.); (W.M.K.); (U.K.); (J.G.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Yu J, Xia F, Li X, Peng Q. Effects of Qingguang'an containing serum on the expression levels of autophagy-related genes in human Tenon's fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor beta 1. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2021; 41:236-245. [PMID: 33825403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Qingguang'an () containing serum on the expression levels of autophagy related genes in the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-activated human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs). METHODS (a) Primary HTFs were stimulated by TGF-β1 and underwent immunohistochemistry, which established a cell model after Glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). (b) The cell models were divided into 4 group: normal group (normal cells), model group (+TGF-β1),treatment group (+TGF-β1+ medicated serum), and positive control group (TGF-β1+ rapamycin). Then, Qingguang'an medicated serum with optimum concentration was added to the corresponding group. The autophagy positive cells were identified by the Cyto-ID autophagy detection kits under fluorescent microscope and Cytation 5 multifunctional instrument for cell imaging. And the mean fluorescence intensity of autophagy positive cells was determined by flow cytometry. The expression levels of autophagy related genes - Beclin-1, autophagy related gene 5 (ATG-5), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3Ⅱ were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with the normal group and the model group, the relative mRNA expression levels of autophagy-related genes (Beclin-1, ATG-5 and LC-3Ⅱ in the experimental group were notably increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and with the extension of treatment time, it had an increasing trend (48 h was more obvious), which showed a certain time dependency; the protein expression levels of autophagy-related genes (Beclin-1, ATG-5, and LC-3Ⅱ were significantly increased in the experimental group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). With the prolongation of treatment time, there was an increasing trend (48 h was relatively obvious), and it revealed a certain time dependency. CONCLUSION The Qingguang'an medicated serum could up-regulate autophagy related genes (Beclin1, ATG5, and LC3Ⅱ in the TGF-β1-activated HTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Ophthalmology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of TCM, Changsha 410007, China
- Eye Research Centre, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Ophthalmology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of TCM, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Ophthalmology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of TCM, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Ophthalmology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of TCM, Changsha 410007, China
- Eye Research Centre, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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50
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Ho NI, Camps MGM, Verdoes M, Münz C, Ossendorp F. Autophagy regulates long-term cross-presentation by murine dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:835-847. [PMID: 33349928 PMCID: PMC8248248 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has been reported to be involved in supporting antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DCs). We have shown that DCs have the ability to store antigen for a prolonged time in endolysosomal compartments and thereby sustain MHCI antigen cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells. In the current study, we investigated the role of autophagy in long-term antigen presentation. We show that the autophagy machinery has a negative impact on storage of antigen in DCs. Atg5-/- DCs which are deficient in autophagy or DCs treated with common autophagy inhibitors showed enhanced antigen storage and antigen cross-presentation. This augmented antigen cross-presentation effect is independent of altered proteasome enzyme activity or MHCI surface expression on DCs. We visualized that the storage compartments are in close proximity to LC3 positive autophagosomes. Our results indicate that autophagosomes disrupt antigen storage in DCs and thereby regulate long-term MHCI cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataschja I Ho
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G M Camps
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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