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Yan Z, Cao X, Wang C, Liu S, Li Y, Lu G, Yan W, Guo R, Zhao D, Cao J, Xu Y. C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 improves microvascular endothelial function in diabetes through the AMPK/eNOS/NO· signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 195:114745. [PMID: 34454930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The repair of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is an encouraging approach for the treatment of vascular complications associated with diabetes. It has been demonstrated that members of C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein (CTRP) family may improve endothelial function. Nevertheless, the protective properties of CTRPs in diabetic microvascular complications continue to be mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the C1q-like globular domain of CTRP3, CTRP5, and CTRP9 (gCTRP3, 5, 9) exerted a vasorelaxant effect on the microvasculature, of which gCTRP3 was the most powerful one. In a murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, serum gCTRP3 level and endothelial function decreased markedly compared with controls. Two weeks of gCTRP3 treatment (0.5 μg/g/d) enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation in microvessels, increased nitric oxide (NO·) production, and reduced retinal vascular leakage. In addition, Western blotting in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells indicated that gCTRP3 triggered AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα), hence increasing the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) level and NO· production. In addition, incubation with gCTRP3 in vitro ameliorated the endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose in the branch of the mesenteric artery. Blockade of either eNOS or AMPKα completely abolished the effects of gCTRP3 described above. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that gCTRP3 improves impaired vasodilatation of microvasculature in diabetes by ameliorating endothelial cell function through the AMPK/eNOS/NO· signaling pathway. This finding may suggest an effective intervention against diabetes-associated microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gan Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Xian, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Morphology Laboratory, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dajun Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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2
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Qamar A, Zhao J, Xu L, McLeod P, Huang X, Jiang J, Liu W, Haig A, Zhang ZX. Cyclophilin D Regulates the Nuclear Translocation of AIF, Cardiac Endothelial Cell Necroptosis and Murine Cardiac Transplant Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11038. [PMID: 34681708 PMCID: PMC8540562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable consequence of organ transplant procedure and associated with acute and chronic organ rejection in transplantation. IRI leads to various forms of programmed cell death, which worsens tissue damage and accelerates transplant rejection. We recently demonstrated that necroptosis participates in murine cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) death and murine cardiac transplant rejection. However, MVEC death under a more complex IRI model has not been studied. In this study, we found that simulating IRI conditions in vitro by hypoxia, reoxygenation and treatment with inflammatory cytokines induced necroptosis in MVECs. Interestingly, the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocated to the nucleus during MVEC necroptosis, which is regulated by the mitochondrial permeability molecule cyclophilin D (CypD). Furthermore, CypD deficiency in donor cardiac grafts inhibited AIF translocation and mitigated graft IRI and rejection (n = 7; p = 0.002). Our studies indicate that CypD and AIF play significant roles in MVEC necroptosis and cardiac transplant rejection following IRI. Targeting CypD and its downstream AIF may be a plausible approach to inhibit IRI-caused cardiac damage and improve transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Qamar
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Jianqi Zhao
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 3808 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Laura Xu
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Patrick McLeod
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Xuyan Huang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Jifu Jiang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Aaron Haig
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Zhu-Xu Zhang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Liu P, Bian Y, Zhong J, Yang Y, Mu X, Liu Z. Establishment and characterization of a rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cell line. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101573. [PMID: 34116500 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microvascular endothelial cell (IMVEC) is a fundamental and essential component of gut-vascular barrier which is closely associated with intestinal disorders However, there is still a lack of established intestinal microvascular endothelial cell line. In the present study, a newly established rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cell line termed RIMVEC-11 was described and characterized which has been stably cultured for more than 90 passages so far. RIMVEC-11 was characterized by endothelial features with the cobblestone morphology under light microscopy, the Weibel-Palade body and rich vesicles in the cytoplasm on the ultrastructural level, and positive endothelial specific markers CD31 and von Willebrand factor by immunocytochemistry analysis. Meanwhile, RIMVEC-11 maintained the fundamental physiological function of the microvascular endothelial cells. Tube formation assay confirmed that RIMVEC-11 retained the potential for capillaries formation. Scratch assay confirmed the endothelial cell migration potential of RIMVEC-11. Thus, a novel IMVEC cell line RIMVEC-11 was established, which could be used as a promising model for the gut-vascular barrier research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China
| | - Yifei Bian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, PR China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China
| | - Xiang Mu
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 BeiNong Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Cao J, Yang L, Wang L, Zhao Q, Wu D, Li M, Mu Y. Heat shock protein 70 attenuates hypoxia‑induced apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells isolated from neonatal rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:690. [PMID: 34328190 PMCID: PMC8365595 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) apoptosis is the initial stage of adult pulmonary hypertension (PH), which involves high pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling. However, the mechanism regulating PMVEC apoptosis and its involvement in the early stages of neonatal hypoxic PH (HPH) pathogenesis are currently unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on hypoxia‑induced apoptosis in PMVECs. PMVECs isolated from neonatal Sprague‑Dawley rats were transfected with lentivirus with or without HSP70, or treated with the synthetic HSP70 inhibitor N‑formyl‑3,4‑methylenedioxy‑benzylidene-g-butyrolactam under hypoxic conditions (5% O2) for 24, 48 or 72 h. PMVEC apoptosis was evaluated by performing flow cytometry and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assays. The expression levels of HSP70, hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) and apoptosis‑associated proteins were determined by conducting reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Following 24, 48 or 72 h of hypoxia, the apoptotic rates of PMVECs were significantly elevated compared with cells under normoxic conditions. The MMP was significantly reduced, whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF‑1α, cytochrome c (cyt C), caspase‑3 and HSP70 were enhanced by hypoxia compared with those under normoxic conditions. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) were significantly downregulated in the hypoxia group compared with those in the normoxia group. In hypoxic PMVECs, HSP70 overexpression decreased the apoptotic rate and the expression levels of cyt C, downregulated the expression levels of caspase‑3 and HIF‑1α, and increased the MMP and the expression levels of Bcl‑2. HSP70 inhibition resulted in the opposite outcomes compared with those of HSP70 overexpression. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that HSP70 may inhibit mitochondrial pathway‑mediated apoptosis in isolated neonatal rat PMVECs in early‑stage hypoxia, which may be associated with HSP70‑mediated HIF‑1α downregulation. Overall, HSP70 may be protective against neonatal HPH through the HSP70/HIF‑1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lingjie Yang
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pediatrics, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Dian Wu
- School of Pediatrics, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Mu
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
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Xu Y, Chen J, Wang M, Yu R, Zou W, Shen W. Mechanism of lncRNA-ANRIL/miR-181b in autophagy of cardiomyocytes in mice with uremia by targeting ATG5. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256734. [PMID: 34469488 PMCID: PMC8410126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is to investigate whether the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) can regulate the autophagy of cardiomyocytes (CMs) by secreting lncRNA-ANRIL/miR-181b exosomes, thus participating in the occurrence of uremic cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS A 5/6 nephrectomy uremia model was established, with the mice injected with ANRIL-shRNA lentivirus vector, miR-181b agomir, and related control reagents, containing the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen measured. The renal tissue sections of mice were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), TUNEL, and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) performed on myocardial tissue sections of mice. ANRIL-shRNA, miR-181b mimics, and related control reagents were transfected into CMECs, in which the exosomes were extracted and co-cultured with CMs. The expressions of ANRIL, miR-181b and ATG5 were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expressions of autophagy related proteins by Western blot, as well as the binding of ANRIL and miR-181b by the double luciferase reporter gene experiment. RESULTS ANRIL down-regulation or miR-181b up-regulation can increase the weight of mice with uremia, as well as the expressions of p62 and miR-181b, and reduce the content of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, the damage of kidney and myocardial tissues, the number of apoptotic cells in myocardial tissues, as well as the expressions of ANRIL, ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3. CMs can absorb the exosomes of CMECs. Compared with IS+ CMEC-Exo group, the expressions of ANRIL and ATG5 in CMs of IS+ CMEC-Exo + sh lncRNA ANRIL and IS+CMEC-Exo+miR-181b mimics groups was down-regulated, as well as the expressions of ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3, while miR-181b expression was up-regulated as well as P62 expression. CONCLUSIONS CMECs can regulate autophagy of CMs by releasing exosomes containing ANRIL and miR-181b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rizhen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenly Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
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Jiang Z, Shen J, Ding J, Yuan Y, Gao L, Yang Z, Zhao X. USP18 mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells through the TLR4/NF-κB/ROS signaling. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105181. [PMID: 33930521 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a type I interferon response gene, ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) has been shown to be widely involved in oxidative stress and immune regulation processes. However, the relationship between USP18 and acute lung injury (ALI) is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the role of USP18 in the pathogenesis of ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment up-regulated the expression of USP18 mRNA and protein in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMVECs). USP18 overexpression increased the viability of LPS-induced hPMVECs, and reduced LPS-induced cell damage. Additionally, USP overexpression increased the activity of SOD and CAT, and reduced the production of NO and MDA in LPS-induced hPMVECs. Moreover, overexpression of USP18 inhibited the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 in LPS-induced hPMVECs. USP18 overexpression restrained LPS-induced upregulation of TLR4 and the excessive phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). TLR4 agonist MPLA attenuated the inhibitory effect of USP18 overexpression on LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in hPMVECs. In addition, USP18 ameliorated LPS induced ALI in vivo. In conclusion, USP18 may resist LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in hPMVECs by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/ROS signaling pathway, which may provide new and complementary strategies for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, PR China
| | - Jiang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, PR China.
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, PR China
| | - Lulu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, PR China
| | - Zhuocheng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, PR China
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Dong L, Lin T, Li W, Hong Y, Ren X, Ke Y, Zhang X, Li X. Antioxidative effects of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor against pathological retinal angiogenesis through promotion of mitochondrial function. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:967-980. [PMID: 33770188 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by-product of oxygen metabolism mainly originating from mitochondria, participate in many pathological processes related to ophthalmopathy. Excessive production of ROS leads to oxidative stress, which influences the permeability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human retinal microcapillary endothelial cells (HRMECs). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of ROS are not clear. In Vldlr-/- mice, we used fundus fluorescein angiography and retinal flat mount staining to observe the effect of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) on pathological retinal neovascularization in vivo. Additionally, in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells treated with 4-HNE, cell viability, tube formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays were performed to study the effect of PSF on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of retinal vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Moreover, reactive oxygen species assay, real-time PCR, and Western blot were included to analyze the potential mechanism of PSF in the above series of effects. PSF ameliorated intraretinal neovascularization (IRNV) in vivo in Vldlr-/- mice. Under 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) conditions in vitro, PSF reprogrammed mitochondrial bioenergetic and glycolytic profiles. It also reduced ROS levels and inhibited 4-HNE-induced angiogenesis, which involves the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HRMECs. These results suggest that PSF participates in the regulation of HRMECs proliferation and migration during the development of pathological angiogenesis. We demonstrated that PSF enhanced Nrf2 activation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt signaling in HRMECs, which subsequently resulted in intracellular ROS scavenging. PSF restored endoplasmic reticulum (ER) redox homeostasis, which was indicated by an increase in protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and Ero-1α and a reduction in GRP78 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). PSF also attenuated ER stress via regulation of the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase PERK/eukaryotic translation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway in 4-HNE-treated HRMECs. Our research shows that PSF may be a potential antioxidant that regulates pathological angiogenesis through ERK-AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signal regulation. KEY MESSAGES: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly originating from mitochondria is a by-product of oxygen metabolism in the body and participates in the pathological process related to multiple blindness-related ophthalmopathy. Moreover , excessive production of ROS will lead to oxidative stress. Consequently, oxidative stress influences the permeability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human retinal microcapillary endothelial cells (HRMECs). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of ROS remain unclear. Here, we reveal that Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) ameliorates intraretinal neovascularization (IRNV) in vivo in Vldlr-/- mice. Furthermore, under 4-HNE conditions in vitro, PSF reprograms mitochondrial bioenergetic and glycolytic profiles, reduces ROS levels, and inhibits 4-HNE-induced angiogenesis, which involves the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HRMECs, suggesting that it participates in regulating the proliferation and migration of HRMECs during the development of pathological angiogenesis. Furthermore, PSF enhances Nrf2 activation and HO-1 expression through ERK and AKT signaling in HRMECs, resulting in intracellular ROS scavenging. PSF restores endoplasmic reticulum (ER) redox homeostasis, as indicated by an increase in PDI and Ero-1α and a reduction in GRP78 and CHOP. PSF also attenuates ER stress by regulating the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway in 4-HNE-treated HRMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - YiFeng Ke
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
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Feng J, Pan W, Yang X, Long F, Zhou J, Liao Y, Wang M. RBM3 Increases Cell Survival but Disrupts Tight Junction of Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Acute Lung Injury. J Surg Res 2021; 261:226-235. [PMID: 33460967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) is an important cold shock protein, which also responds to hypothermia or hypoxia. RBM3 is involved into multiple physiologic processes, such as promoting cell survival. However, its expression and function in acute lung injury (ALI) have not been reported. METHODS A mouse ALI model was established by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. The RBM3 and cold inducible RNA-binding protein mRNA levels were examined by RT-qPCR, and MMP9 mRNA stability was determined by actinomycin D assay. RBM3 and MMP9 mRNA was tested by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP assay). RBM3 overexpression or silent stable cell lines were established using recombinant lentivirus and subsequently used for cell survival and tight junction measurements. RESULTS In this study, we found that RBM3, rather than cold inducible RNA-binding protein, was upregulated in lung tissue of ALI mice. RBM3 was increased in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) in response to LPS treatment, which is modulated by the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, RBM3 could reduce cell apoptosis induced by LPS, probably through suppressing p53 expression. Because increased permeability of HPMVECs leads to pulmonary edema in ALI, we subsequently examined the effect of RBM3 on cell tight junctions. Unexpectedly, RBM3 decreased the expression of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 and increased cell permeability, and RBM3 overexpression increased MMP9 mRNA stability. Furthermore, RIP assay confirmed the interaction between RBM3 and MMP9 mRNA, possibly explaining the contribution of RBM3 to increase cell permeability. CONCLUSIONS RBM3 seems to act as a "double-edged sword" in ALI, that RBM3 alleviates cell apoptosis but increases HPMVEC permeability in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Feng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Feiyu Long
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Maohua Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
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9
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Lee J, Jin YJ, Lee MS, Kim YM, Lee H. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 promotes angiogenesis by eliciting the GFRAL-mediated endothelial cell signaling. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4008-4023. [PMID: 33151561 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a cytokine with pleotropic actions and its expression is markedly increased by inflammation and cardiac injury and in cancers. In particular, MIC-1 production after cardiac ischemia injury is associated with enhanced cardiac angiogenesis as well as myocardial protection. However, it remains uncertain whether MIC-1 itself has proangiogenic activity. In this study, we tried to determine the precise role of MIC-1 in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Human microvessel endothelial cells responded to MIC-1 with enhanced angiogenic behaviors. Employing various angiogenesis assays, MIC-1 was found to promote vessel formation and development with a potency similar to that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). MIC-1 transgenic (Tg) mice also displayed enhanced neovascularization in both developing embryos and neonatal mouse retinas, compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from MIC-1 Tg mouse lung exhibited higher angiogenic potential than ECs from wild-type lung. MIC-1-induced angiogenesis was also observed in the recovery or healing processes of injuries such as hindlimb ischemia and skin wounds in mice. However, unlike VEGF, MIC-1 induced neither endothelial inflammation nor increased vascular permeability. In ECs, the MIC-1 signal exerted proangiogenic actions via the MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathways. Notably, these MIC-1 signaling events in ECs were abrogated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of GFRAL, suggesting that GFRAL is an EC receptor for MIC-1. In summary, we here show a novel role of MIC-1 as a potent EC activator, which promotes both normal and injury-related angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseob Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Young-June Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Moon-Sung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Hansoo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
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Kurmann L, Okoniewski M, Ogunshola OO, Leeners B, Imthurn B, Dubey RK. Transcryptomic Analysis of Human Brain-Microvascular Endothelial Response to -Pericytes: Cell Orientation Defines Barrier Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040963. [PMID: 33924251 PMCID: PMC8074760 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes facilitate blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Hence, using co-cultures of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular pericytes (PCs) in different spatial arrangements, as well as PC conditioned media, we investigated the impact of PC-EC orientation and PC-derived soluble factors on EC barrier function. We provide the first evidence that barrier-inducing properties of PCs require basolateral contact with ECs. Gene expression analysis (GEA) in ECs co-cultured with PCs versus ECs alone showed significant upregulation of 38 genes and downregulation of 122 genes. Pathway enrichment analysis of modulated genes showed significant regulation of several pathways, including transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-1 regulated extracellular matrix, interferon and interleukin signaling, immune system signaling, receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Transcriptomic analysis showed a reduction in molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are known to be induced during BBB disruption. Moreover, cytokine proteome array confirmed the downregulation of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines on the protein level. Other molecules which influence BBB and were favorably modulated upon EC-PC co-culture include IL-18 binding protein, kallikrein-3, CSF2 CSF3, CXCL10, CXCL11 (downregulated) and IL-1-R4; HGF, PDGF-AB/BB, PECAM, SERPIN E1 (upregulated). In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that (1) basolateral contact between ECs and PCs is essential for EC barrier function and integrity; (2) in ECs co-cultured with PCs, the profile of BBB disrupting pro-inflammatory molecules and cytokines/chemokines is downregulated; (3) PCs significantly modulate EC mechanisms known to improve barrier function, including TGF-β regulated ECM pathway, anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and matrix proteins. This human PC-EC co-culture may serve as a viable in vitro model for investigating BBB function and drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kurmann
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (L.K.); (B.L.); (B.I.)
| | | | - Omolara O. Ogunshola
- Zurich Center Integrative Physiology (ZIHP), Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (L.K.); (B.L.); (B.I.)
| | - Bruno Imthurn
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (L.K.); (B.L.); (B.I.)
| | - Raghvendra K. Dubey
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (L.K.); (B.L.); (B.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Bokenfohr R, McGann LE, Elliott JAW. Cryopreservation of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes in suspension and monolayers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249814. [PMID: 33852594 PMCID: PMC8046249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) keeps pathogens and toxins out of the brain but also impedes the entry of pharmaceuticals. Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs) and astrocytes are the main functional cell components of the BBB. Although available commercially as cryopreserved cells in suspension, improvements in their cryopreservation and distribution as cryopreserved monolayers could enhance BBB in vitro studies. Here, we examined the response to slow cooling and storage in liquid nitrogen of immortalized hCMEC/D3 cells and human primary astrocytes in suspension and in monolayers. HCMEC/D3 cells in suspension cryopreserved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 95% fetal bovine serum or in 5% DMSO and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) showed post-thaw membrane integrities above 90%, similar to unfrozen control. Cryopreservation did not affect the time-dependent ability of hCMEC/D3 cells to form tubes on Matrigel. Primary astrocytes in suspension cryopreserved in the presence of 5% DMSO and 6% HES had improved viability over those cryopreserved in 10% DMSO. Monolayers of single cultures or co-cultures of hCMEC/D3 cells and astrocytes on fibronectin-coated Rinzl coverslips retained membrane integrities and metabolic function, after freezing in 5% DMSO, 6% HES, and 2% chondroitin sulfate, that were comparable to those of unfrozen controls even after overnight incubation. Rinzl is better than glass or Thermanox as an underlying solid substrate for cryopreserving hCMEC/D3 monolayers. Cryopreserved hCMEC/D3 monolayers expressed the junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-5 similar to their unfrozen counterparts. Hence, we describe improved cryopreservation protocols for hCMEC/D3 cells and astrocytes in suspension, and a novel protocol for the cryopreservation of monolayers of hCMEC/D3 cells and astrocytes as single cultures or co-cultures that could expand their distribution for research on disease modeling, drug screening, and targeted therapy pertaining to the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A. Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reid Bokenfohr
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Locksley E. McGann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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12
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Manocha E, Bugatti A, Belleri M, Zani A, Marsico S, Caccuri F, Presta M, Caruso A. Avian Reovirus P17 Suppresses Angiogenesis by Promoting DPP4 Secretion. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020259. [PMID: 33525607 PMCID: PMC7911508 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus p17 (ARV p17) is a non-structural protein known to activate autophagy, interfere with gene transcription and induce a significant tumor cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we show that ARV p17 is capable of exerting potent antiangiogenic properties. The viral protein significantly inhibited the physiological angiogenesis of human endothelial cells (ECs) by affecting migration, capillary-like structure and new vessel formation. ARV p17 was not only able to suppress the EC physiological angiogenesis but also rendered ECs insensitive to two different potent proangiogenic inducers, such as VEGF-A and FGF-2 in the three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel and spheroid assay. ARV p17 was found to exert its antiangiogenic activity by upregulating transcription and release of the well-known tumor suppressor molecule dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). The ability of ARV p17 to impact on angiogenesis is completely new and highlights the “two compartments” activity of the viral protein that is expected to hamper the tumor parenchymal/stromal crosstalk. The complex antitumor activities of ARV p17 open the way to a new promising field of research aimed to develop new therapeutic approaches for treating tumor and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Manocha
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Mirella Belleri
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Alberto Zani
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefania Marsico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Marco Presta
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Alakpa EV, West CC, Goldie L, Harper MM, Burgess K, Ulijn RV, Dalby MJ. A Metabolomics-Based Approach to Identify Lineage Guiding Molecules in Pericyte Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2235:47-59. [PMID: 33576970 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1056-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of self-assembled peptide (F2/S) hydrogels and cellular metabolomics to identify a number of innate molecules that are integral to the metabolic processes which drive cellular differentiation of multipotent pericyte stem cells. The culture system relies solely on substrate mechanics to induce differentiation in the absence of traditional differentiation media and therefore is a non-invasive approach to assessing cellular behavior at the molecular level and identifying key metabolites in this process. This novel approach demonstrates that simple metabolites can provide an alternative means to direct stem cell differentiation and that biomaterials can be used to identify them simply and quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enateri V Alakpa
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher C West
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Johns Hospital, Livingston, UK
| | | | | | - Karl Burgess
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rein V Ulijn
- CUNY Advanced Science Research Centre, New York, USA
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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14
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West CC, Khan NS, Crisan M. Characterization of Human Pericyte Phenotype by Immunohistochemistry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2235:37-45. [PMID: 33576969 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1056-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are found in all vascularized organs and are defined anatomically as perivascular cells that closely surround endothelial cells in capillaries and microvessels and are embedded within the same basement membrane. They have been shown to have diverse physiological and pathological functions including regulation of blood pressure, and tissue regeneration and scarring. Fundamental to understanding the role these cells play in these diverse processes is the ability to accurately identify and localize them in vivo. To do this, we have developed multicolor immunohistochemistry protocols described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C West
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Johns Hospital, Livingston, UK
| | - Nusrat S Khan
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mihaela Crisan
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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15
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Abstract
Pericytes are mural cells closely associated with endothelial cells in capillaries and microvessels. They are precursors of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells that have historically been retrospectively characterized in culture. We established a protocol, described in this chapter, to characterize and isolate pericytes from multiple human organs by flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. This prospective purification of pericytes brings us a step forward in the development of strategies for their use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat S Khan
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher C West
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Johns Hospital, Livingston, UK
| | - Fiona Rossi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mihaela Crisan
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Cao Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zou Y, Li J. PIM1 inhibition attenuated endotoxin-induced acute lung injury through modulating ELK3/ICAM1 axis on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:89-98. [PMID: 33185705 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dysfunction of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) is one of the critical characteristics of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) induced by severe infection. PIM1 is a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase that is involved in multiple biological processes. However, the underlying correlation between PIM1 and PMVECs injury remains unclear. The main purpose of this study was to reveal roles of PIM1 and explore the potential mechanisms during the development of endotoxin-induced ALI induced by intraperitoneal LPS administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS PIM1 level in the lung tissues of endotoxin-induced ALI mice or plasma derived from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced ALI patients were measured. The protective roles of PIM1 specific inhibitor SMI-4a on endotoxin-induced lung injuries were evaluated through histological, permeability, neutrophil infiltration and survival assessment. The relationship between PIM1 and ELK3/ICAM-1 axis was validated in vivo and vitro. The correlation between plasma PIM1 and indicative vascular endothelium injury biomarkers (PaO2/FiO2 ratio, Ang-II, E-selectin and PAI-1) levels derived from CPB-induced ALI patient were analyzed. RESULTS PIM1 expression in the lung tissues was increased in the mice of endotoxin-induced ALI. The PIM1 specific inhibitor SMI-4a administration relieved the severity of endotoxin-induced ALI. More importantly, PIM1 modulates ICAM1 expression through regulating transcription factor ELK3 expression in vitro. Eventually, plasma PIM1 level was positively correlated with Ang-II and PAI-1 levels but negatively correlated with SpO2/FiO2 ratio among CPB induced ALI patients. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that PIM1 inhibition carried a protective role against endotoxin-induced ALI by modulating the ELK3/ICAM1 axis on PMVECs. PIM1 may be a potential therapeutic target for endotoxin-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20080, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20080, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20080, China
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20080, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20080, China.
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20080, China.
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Eickhoff MK, Winther SA, Hansen TW, Diaz LJ, Persson F, Rossing P, Frimodt-Møller M. Assessment of the sublingual microcirculation with the GlycoCheck system: Reproducibility and examination conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243737. [PMID: 33362252 PMCID: PMC7757800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The glycocalyx is an extracellular layer lining the lumen of the vascular endothelium, protecting the endothelium from shear stress and atherosclerosis and contributes to coagulation, immune response and microvascular perfusion. The GlycoCheck system estimates glycocalyx’ thickness in vessels under the tongue from perfused boundary region (PBR) and microvascular perfusion (red blood cell (RBC) filling) via a camera and dedicated software. Objectives Evaluating reproducibility and influence of examination conditions on measurements with the GlycoCheck system. Methods Open, randomised, controlled study including 42 healthy smokers investigating day-to-day, side-of-tongue, inter-investigator variance, intraclass-correlation (ICC) and influence of examination conditions at intervals from 0–180 minutes on PBR and RBC filling. Results Mean (SD) age was 24.9 (6.1) years, 52% were male. There was no significant intra- or inter-investigator variation for PBR or RBC filling nor for PBR for side-of-tongue. A small day-to-day variance was found for PBR (0.012μm, p = 0.007) and RBC filling (0.003%, p = 0.005) and side-of-tongue, RBC filling (0.025%, p = 0.009). ICC was modest but highly improved by increasing measurements. Small significant influence of cigarette smoking (from 40–180 minutes), high calorie meal intake and coffee consumption was found. The latter two peaking immediately and tapering off but remained significant up to 180 minutes, highest PBR changes for the three being 0.042μm (p<0.05), 0.183μm (p<0.001) and 0.160μm (p<0.05) respectively. Conclusions Measurements with the GlycoCheck system have a moderate reproducibility, but highly increases with multiple measurements and a small day-to-day variability. Smoking, meal and coffee intake had effects up to 180 minutes, abstinence is recommended at least 180 minutes before GlycoCheck measurements. Future studies should standardise conditions during measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased extracellular histones in the bloodstream are known as a biomarker for vascular dysfunction associated with severe trauma or sepsis. There is limited information regarding the pathogenic role of circulating histones in neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular endothelial injury. Particularly, it remains unclear whether histones affect the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability function. METHODS The direct effects of unfractionated histones on endothelial barrier properties were first assessed in brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance and solute flux. This was followed by in vivo mouse experiments, where BBB function was assessed by quantifying brain tissue accumulation of intravenously injected tracers of different molecular sizes, and comparison was made in mice receiving a sublethal dose of histones versus sterile saline. In parallel, the endothelial barrier ultrastructure was examined in histone- and saline-injected animals under transmission electron microscopy, corresponding to the expression of tight junction and adherens junction proteins. RESULTS Histones increased paracellular permeability to sodium fluorescein and reduced barrier resistance at 100 μg/mL; these responses were accompanied by discontinuous staining of the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and zona ocludens-1. Interestingly, the effects of histones did not seem to result from cytotoxicity, as evidenced by negative propidium iodide staining. In vivo, histones increased the paracellular permeability of the BBB to small tracers of < 1-kDa, whereas tracers larger than 3-kDa remained impermeable across brain microvessels. Further analysis of different brain regions showed that histone-induced tracer leakage and loss of tight junction protein expression mainly occurred in the hippocampus, but not in the cerebral cortex. Consistently, opening of tight junctions was found in hippocampal capillaries from histone-injected animals. Protein expression levels of GFAP and iBA1 remained unchanged in histone-injected mice indicating that histones did not affect reactive gliosis. Moreover, cell membrane surface charge alterations are involved in histone-induced barrier dysfunction and tight junction disruption. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular histones cause a reversible, region-specific increase in BBB permeability to small molecules by disrupting tight junctions in the hippocampus. We suggest that circulating histones may contribute to cerebrovascular injury or brain dysfunction by altering BBB structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Villalba
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sheon Baby
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Byeong J Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Cobo-Calvo A, Ruiz A, Richard C, Blondel S, Cavagna S, Strazielle N, Ghersi-Egea JF, Giraudon P, Marignier R. Purified IgG from aquaporin-4 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients alters blood-brain barrier permeability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238301. [PMID: 32881954 PMCID: PMC7470361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is a primary astrocytopathy driven by antibodies directed against the aquaporin-4 water channel located at the end-feet of the astrocyte. Although blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is considered one of the key steps for the development and lesion formation, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of human immunoglobulins from NMOSD patients (NMO-IgG) on BBB properties. METHODS Freshly isolated brain microvessels (IBMs) from rat brains were used as a study model. At first, analysis of the secretome profile from IBMs exposed to purified NMO-IgG, to healthy donor IgG (Control-IgG), or non-treated, was performed. Second, tight junction (TJ) proteins expression in fresh IBMs and primary cultures of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) was analysed by Western blotting (Wb) after exposition to NMO-IgG and Control-IgG. Finally, functional BBB properties were investigated evaluating the presence of rat-IgG in tissue lysate from brain using Wb in the rat-model, and the passage of NMO-IgG and sucrose in a bicameral model. RESULTS We found that NMO-IgG induces functional and morphological BBB changes, including: 1) increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines production (CXCL-10 [IP-10], IL-6, IL-1RA, IL-1β and CXCL-3) in IBMs when exposed to NMO-IgG; 2) decrease of Claudin-5 levels by 25.6% after treatment of fresh IBMs by NMO-IgG compared to Control-IgG (p = 0.002), and similarly, decrease of Claudin-5 by at least 20% when BMEC were cultured with NMO-IgG from five different patients; 3) a higher level of rat-IgG accumulated in periventricular regions of NMO-rats compared to Control-rats and an increase in the permeability of BBB after NMO-IgG treatment in the bicameral model. CONCLUSION Human NMO-IgG induces both structural and functional alterations of BBB properties, suggesting a direct role of NMO-IgG on modulation of BBB permeability in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Cobo-Calvo
- Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuroinflammation and Centre de Référence Pour les Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle (MIRCEM)–Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U1028 INSERM-CNRS UMR5292-UCBL, Bron, France
- Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne Ruiz
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U1028 INSERM-CNRS UMR5292-UCBL, Bron, France
| | - Chloé Richard
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U1028 INSERM-CNRS UMR5292-UCBL, Bron, France
| | - Sandrine Blondel
- Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvie Cavagna
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U1028 INSERM-CNRS UMR5292-UCBL, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Strazielle
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U1028 INSERM-CNRS UMR5292-UCBL, Bron, France
- BIP Facility, CRNL, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U1028 INSERM-CNRS UMR5292-UCBL, Bron, France
- BIP Facility, CRNL, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Giraudon
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U1028 INSERM-CNRS UMR5292-UCBL, Bron, France
| | - Romain Marignier
- Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuroinflammation and Centre de Référence Pour les Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle (MIRCEM)–Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U1028 INSERM-CNRS UMR5292-UCBL, Bron, France
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Qi K, Yang Y, Geng Y, Cui H, Li X, Jin C, Chen G, Tian X, Meng X. Tongxinluo attenuates oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration-induced endothelial barrier breakdown via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α/angiopoietin-like 4 pathway in high glucose-incubated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21821. [PMID: 32846824 PMCID: PMC7447398 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine Tongxinluo (TXL) has been widely used to treat coronary artery disease in China, since it could reduce myocardial infarct size and ischemia/reperfusion injury in both non-diabetic and diabetic conditions. It has been shown that TXL could regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), a positive modulator of angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4), in diabetic rats. Endothelial junction substructure components, such as VE-cadherin, are involved in the protection of reperfusion injury. Thus, we hypothesized cell-intrinsic and endothelial-specific Angptl4 mediated the protection of TXL on endothelial barrier under high glucose condition against ischemia/reperfusion-injury via PPAR-α pathway. METHODS Incubated with high glucose medium, the human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were then exposed to oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation (2 hours) and restoration (2 hours) stimulation, with or without TXL, insulin, or rhAngptl4 pretreatment. RESULTS TXL, insulin, and rhAngptl4 had similar protective effects on the endothelial barrier. TXL treatment reversed the endothelial barrier breakdown in HCMECs significantly as identified by decreasing endothelial permeability, upregulating the expression of JAM-A, VE-cadherin, and integrin-α5 and increasing the membrane location of VE-cadherin and integrin-α5, and these effects of TXL were as effective as insulin and rhAngptl4. However, Angptl4 knock-down with small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference and PPAR-α inhibitor MK886 partially abrogated these beneficial effects of TXL. Western blotting also revealed that similar with insulin, TXL upregulated the expression of Angptl4 in HCMECs, which could be inhibited by Angptl4 siRNA or MK886 exposure. TXL treatment increased PPAR-α activity, which could be diminished by MK886 but not by Angptl4 siRNA. CONCLUSION These data suggest cell-intrinsic and endothelial-specific Angptl4 mediates the protection of TXL against endothelial barrier breakdown during oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation and restoration under high glucose condition partly via the PPAR-α/Angptl4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qi
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjian Geng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Hehe Cui
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guihao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaqiu Tian
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Chen H, Hu X, Li R, Liu B, Zheng X, Fang Z, Chen L, Chen W, Min L, Hu S. LncRNA THRIL aggravates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by regulating miR-424/ROCK2 axis. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:111-119. [PMID: 32818819 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we aimed to investigate the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) THRIL in septic-induced acute lung injury. C57BL/6 mice were injected with Adenoviruses (Ad)-shTHRIL or negative control (NC) before caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation. MPVECs were transfected with Ad-shTHRIL or NC, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. MiR-424 and Rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2) were predicted and verified as direct targets of THRIL and miR-424, respectively, by using dual-luciferase reporter assay. ROCK2 overexpression vector and shTHRIL were co-transfected into mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells for 24 h before LPS treatment. Our results showed that THRIL was highly expressed in the lung of sepsis mice. CLP triggered severe lung injury and apoptosis in mice, which was abolished by THRIL knockdown. Moreover, CLP treatment visibly increased protein concentration, the number of total cell of neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Besides, elevated protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were observed in both lung and BALF. However, inhibition of THRIL reduced the number of inflammatory cells and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in sepsis mouse model. The effect of THRIL on inflammatory response and apoptosis in the lung was confirmed in sepsis cell model. Moreover, mechanistic studies have shown that THRIL up-regulated ROCK2 level through sponging miR-424. Furthermore, ROCK2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of THRIL knockdown on LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis. Overall, in vivo and in vitro results suggested that THRIL accelerates sepsis-induced lung injury by sponging miR-424 and further restoring ROCK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430022, China
| | - Boyi Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Zhicheng Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Shengli Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China.
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Xiao F, Li L, Fu JS, Hu YX, Luo R. Regulation of the miR-19b-mediated SOCS6-JAK2/STAT3 pathway by lncRNA MEG3 is involved in high glucose-induced apoptosis in hRMECs. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20194370. [PMID: 32519748 PMCID: PMC7327180 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most severe and common complications of diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of MEG3, miR-19b and SOCS6 in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) under high glucose conditions. METHODS HRMECs were cultured in 5 or 30 mM D-glucose medium. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA expression and protein levels. MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to detect the viability and apoptosis of hRMECs, respectively. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels in cell supernatants were detected by ELISA. The activity of caspase-3/7 was also determined. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the targeting relationship between miR-19b and SOCS6, as well as MEG3 and miR-19b. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that miR-19b was increased and SOCS6 was decreased in HG-induced hRMECs. Knockdown of SOCS6 inhibited cell viability and reversed the promotion of cell viability induced by knockdown of miR-19b. Additionally, miR-19b directly targeted and negatively regulated SOCS6. Moreover, miR-19b promoted the cell apoptosis rate and caspase-3/7 activity and increased inflammatory factors through the SOCS6-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. In addition, MEG3 attenuated HG-induced apoptosis of hRMECs by targeting the miR-19b/SOCS6 axis. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that MEG3 inhibited HG-induced apoptosis and inflammation by regulating the miR-19b/SOCS6 axis through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in hRMECs. Thus, these findings might provide a new target for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Song Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Chou CH, Modo M. Characterization of gene expression changes in human neural stem cells and endothelial cells modeling a neurovascular microenvironment. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:9-19. [PMID: 32092433 PMCID: PMC7103513 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis-mediated neovascularization correlates with recovery after intracerebral implantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in stroke. To elucidate NSCs' mechanism of action, it is essential to understand how these interact with the brain's vasculature after implantation. Using an all-human endothelial cell (EC, D3 cell line) and NSC (STROC05 and CTXOE03) co-culture model, fluorescently activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to isolate each cell type for a comparison of gene expression between monocultures of undifferentiated proliferating and differentiated non-proliferating cells. Gene expression for angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, angiopoietin), as well as cell survival (brain derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor) and migration (stromal cell-derived factor-1a) were measured and contrasted with the corresponding receptors on each cell type. The cellular source of extracellular matrix defining the basement membrane (vitronectin, fibronectin, laminin, collagen I and IV) and neuropil (hyaluronic acid, aggrecan, neurocan, thrombospondin, nidogen and brain associated link protein-1) was evaluated for NSCs and ECs. Co-culturing dramatically changed the expression profiles of each cell type in comparison to undifferentiated, but also differentiated cells. These results indicate that monocultures provide a poor model to investigate the cellular signaling involved in a tissue repair response. Co-cultures of NSCs and ECs forming vasculature-like structures (VLS) provide a more complex model to investigate NSC-induced neovascularization. These in vitro studies are essential to tease out individual cell signaling in NSCs and ECs to develop a mechanistic understanding of the efficacy of NSCs as a therapeutic for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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24
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Khorram A, Vahidi B, Ahmadian B. Computational analysis of adhesion between a cancer cell and a white blood cell in a bifurcated microvessel. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 186:105195. [PMID: 31734471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cancer is one of the diseases caused by irregular and uncontrolled growth of cells and their propagation into various parts of the body. The motion and adhesion of cancer cells in a blood vessel is a critical step in tumor progression that depends on some vascular parameters such as vessel branching. In this study, effect of microvessel branching on the bonds between a cancer cell and a white blood has been investigated as compared to an analogous problem in a straight vessel. METHODS The analysis is performed using finite elements and fluid-structure interaction methods. Moreover, the equations for adhesion of the cancer cell to white blood cell are coded in MATLAB for calculating forces between them and the code is coupled directly and simultaneously with the COMSOL software. For fluid-structure interaction analysis, it is assumed that the properties of the blood and the cells are homogeneous and the fluid is incompressible and Newtonian. Cancer cell is modeled as a rigid body and white blood cell is assumed as linear elastic. RESULTS The results show that although the geometry of the vessel does not affect on the separation distance of cancer cell considerably, but at the area near a bifurcation, high fluctuations in cancer cell velocity is occurred due to increasing in number of bond formation between the cancer cell and the white blood cell. Accordingly, it can be predicted that higher concentration of adhered particles occurs near the bifurcations. Moreover, shear stress at the point of contact of the cancer cell and the white blood cell in the branched vessel is greater than that in the straight path. In addition to, the probability of breaking of the bond between the cancer cell and the white blood cell increases in the branched vessel. CONCLUSIONS Through consideration in the adhesion charts of this study along with observations from medical interventions such as drug delivery to cancer patients, considerable developments on the treatment or prevention of cancer metastasis may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Khorram
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Vahidi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Ahmadian
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The endothelium is an important regulator of arterial vascular tone, acting to release nitric oxide (NO) and open Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels to relax vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). While agonists acting at endothelial cell (EC) receptors are widely used to assess the ability of the endothelium to reduce vascular tone, the intrinsic EC-dependent mechanisms are less well characterized. In small resistance arteries and arterioles, the presence of heterocellular gap junctions termed myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJs) allows the passage of not only current, but small molecules including Ca2+ and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). When stimulated to contract, the increase in VSM Ca2+ and IP3 can therefore potentially pass through MEGJs to activate adjacent ECs. This activation releases NO and opens KCa channels, which act to limit contraction. This myoendothelial feedback (MEF) is amplified by EC Ca2+ influx and release pathways, and is dynamically modulated by processes regulating gap junction conductance. There is a remarkable localization of key signaling and regulatory proteins within the EC projection toward VSM, and the intrinsic EC-dependent signaling pathways occurring with this highly specialized microdomain are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A L Lemmey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim A Dora
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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26
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Xu D, Liu T, He L, Han D, Ma Y, Du J. LncRNA MEG3 inhibits HMEC-1 cells growth, migration and tube formation via sponging miR-147. Biol Chem 2020; 401:601-615. [PMID: 31863691 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been identified as a regulatory molecule in angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to illustrate how MEG3 affects the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells. Expression of MEG3, miR-147 and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) was altered by transfection, then cell viability, apoptosis, migration, tube formation, as well as the correlation among MEG3, miR-147 and ICAM-1 were explored. MEG3 was down-regulated during tube formation of HMEC-1 cells. MEG3 expression suppressed cells viability, migration and tube formation, while it induced apoptosis. MEG3 could bind with miR-147 and repress miR-147 expression. MiR-147 induced ICAM-1 expression, and contained ICAM-1 target sequences. The anti-atherogenic actions of MEG3 were inhibited by miR-147, and the anti-atherogenic actions of miR-147 suppression were also inhibited when ICAM-1 was overexpressed. Further, ICAM-1 overexpression showed activated roles in Wnt/β-catenin and Jak/Stat signaling pathways. In low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)−/− mice, MEG3 overexpression reduced CD68+, CD3+ and ICAM-1 areas in lesions and increased collagen content. MEG3 inhibited HMEC-1 cell growth, migration and tube formation. The anti-atherogenic actions of MEG3 might be mediated via sponging miR-147, and thereby repressing the expression of ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun130033, China
| | - Tianji Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Liu He
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun130033, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun130033, China
| | - Jianshi Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun130033, China
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Liu P, Bian Y, Fan Y, Zhong J, Liu Z. Protective Effect of Naringin on In Vitro Gut-Vascular Barrier Disruption of Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Induced by TNF-α. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:168-175. [PMID: 31850758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Naringin is a polymethoxylated flavonoid commonly found in citrus species and has therapeutic potential in intestinal disorders. However, the effect and mechanism of naringin on gut-vascular barrier disruption has not yet been reported. This study aimed to investigate the distinguishing and selectively protective effects of naringin on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced gut-vascular barrier disruption and elucidate the potential mechanism. In the present study, an in vitro gut-vascular barrier model composed of rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMVECs) was studied. Evans blue-albumin efflux assay showed that naringin (50 μM) evidently protected the integrity of RIMVEC monolayer barriers against TNF-α-induced disruption. Naringin maintained the expression and distribution of tight junction proteins including zona occludin-1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-2. Additionally, naringin protected RIMVECs from TNF-α-induced apoptosis and cell migration suppression (41.1 ± 2.2 vs 51.1 ± 3.5%; 61.0 ± 5.1 vs 72.2 ± 6.2%). Our results indicate that naringin effectively ameliorates gut-vascular barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yingsai Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine , Hebei Agricultural University , No. 289 Lingyusi Street , Baoding , Heibei 071001 , People's Republic of China
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Caporarello N, D’Angeli F, Cambria MT, Candido S, Giallongo C, Salmeri M, Lombardo C, Longo A, Giurdanella G, Anfuso CD, Lupo G. Pericytes in Microvessels: From "Mural" Function to Brain and Retina Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246351. [PMID: 31861092 PMCID: PMC6940987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are branched cells located in the wall of capillary blood vessels that are found throughout the body, embedded within the microvascular basement membrane and wrapping endothelial cells, with which they establish a strong physical contact. Pericytes regulate angiogenesis, vessel stabilization, and contribute to the formation of both the blood-brain and blood-retina barriers by Angiopoietin-1/Tie-2, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) signaling pathways, regulating pericyte-endothelial cell communication. Human pericytes that have been cultured for a long period give rise to multilineage progenitor cells and exhibit mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) features. We focused our attention on the roles of pericytes in brain and ocular diseases. In particular, pericyte involvement in brain ischemia, brain tumors, diabetic retinopathy, and uveal melanoma is described. Several molecules, such as adenosine and nitric oxide, are responsible for pericyte shrinkage during ischemia-reperfusion. Anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-10, TGFβ, and MHC-II, which are increased in glioblastoma-activated pericytes, are responsible for tumor growth. As regards the eye, pericytes play a role not only in ocular vessel stabilization, but also as a stem cell niche that contributes to regenerative processes in diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, pericytes participate in melanoma cell extravasation and the genetic ablation of the PDGF receptor reduces the number of pericytes and aberrant tumor microvessel formation with important implications for therapy efficacy. Thanks to their MSC features, pericytes could be considered excellent candidates to promote nervous tissue repair and for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Floriana D’Angeli
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.C.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Cambria
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.C.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Saverio Candido
- Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Section of Haematology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Mario Salmeri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Cinzia Lombardo
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Anna Longo
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.C.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.C.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.C.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (C.D.A.); Tel.: +39-095-4781158 (G.L.); +39-095-4781170 (C.D.A.)
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.C.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (C.D.A.); Tel.: +39-095-4781158 (G.L.); +39-095-4781170 (C.D.A.)
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29
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Xu F, Zhou F. Inhibition of microRNA-92a ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by targeting ITGA5 through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106060. [PMID: 31841757 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming inflammation and extensive alveolar-endothelial injury are characteristic pathological features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)). MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes including endothelial damage and inflammatory responses. However, little is known about their function and the molecules regulating lung microvascular endothelial injury. Here, we determined the levels of microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). We found that miR-92a expression was greater in HPMECs treated with LPS than in control cells. Inhibition of miR-92a through transfection with a miR-92a inhibitor significantly increased HPMECs migration, enhanced tube formation, and improved endothelial cell barrier dysfunction. Inhibition of miR-92a ameliorated the inflammatory response by decreasing the release of the proinflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, integrin α5 (ITGA5) was found to be a target gene of miR-92a in LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Western blot analysis showed that inhibition of miR-92a may ameliorate endothelial barrier dysfunction by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Together, these results reveal an important role of miR-92a in LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, and suggest that miR-92a may have potential as a prognostic indicator and a future target for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI)/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Fachun Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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30
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Peghaire C, Dufton NP, Lang M, Salles-Crawley II, Ahnström J, Kalna V, Raimondi C, Pericleous C, Inuabasi L, Kiseleva R, Muzykantov VR, Mason JC, Birdsey GM, Randi AM. The transcription factor ERG regulates a low shear stress-induced anti-thrombotic pathway in the microvasculature. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5014. [PMID: 31676784 PMCID: PMC6825134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells actively maintain an anti-thrombotic environment; loss of this protective function may lead to thrombosis and systemic coagulopathy. The transcription factor ERG is essential to maintain endothelial homeostasis. Here, we show that inducible endothelial ERG deletion (ErgiEC-KO) in mice is associated with spontaneous thrombosis, hemorrhages and systemic coagulopathy. We find that ERG drives transcription of the anticoagulant thrombomodulin (TM), as shown by reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. TM expression is regulated by shear stress (SS) via Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). In vitro, ERG regulates TM expression under low SS conditions, by facilitating KLF2 binding to the TM promoter. However, ERG is dispensable for TM expression in high SS conditions. In ErgiEC-KO mice, TM expression is decreased in liver and lung microvasculature exposed to low SS but not in blood vessels exposed to high SS. Our study identifies an endogenous, vascular bed-specific anticoagulant pathway in microvasculature exposed to low SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peghaire
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N P Dufton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Lang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I I Salles-Crawley
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Ahnström
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - V Kalna
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Raimondi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Pericleous
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Inuabasi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - V R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J C Mason
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G M Birdsey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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31
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Darder M, Karan A, Real GD, DeCoster MA. Cellulose-based biomaterials integrated with copper-cystine hybrid structures as catalysts for nitric oxide generation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 108:110369. [PMID: 31923961 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bionanocomposite materials were developed from the assembly of polymer-coated copper-cystine high-aspect ratio structures (CuHARS) and cellulose fibers. The coating of the metal-organic materials with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) allows their covalent linkage to TEMPO-oxidized cellulose by means of EDC/NHS. The resulting materials can be processed as films or macroporous foams by solvent casting and lyophilization, respectively. The films show good mechanical behavior with Young's moduli around 1.5 GPa as well as resistance in water, while the obtained foams show an open network of interconnected macropores with average diameters around 130 μm, depending on the concentration of the initial suspension, and compression modulus values around 450 kPa, similar to other reported freeze-dried nanocellulose-based aerogels. Based on these characteristics, the cellulose/PAH-CuHARS composites are promising for potential biomedical applications as implants or wound dressing materials. They have proved to be effective in the decomposition of low molecular weight S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), similar to those existing in blood, releasing nitric oxide (NO). This effect is attributed to the presence of copper in the crystalline structure of the CuHARS building unit, which can be gradually released in the presence of redox species like ascorbic acid, typically found in blood. The resulting biomaterials can offer the interesting properties associated with NO, like antimicrobial activity as preliminary tests showed here with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In the presence of physiological concentration of RSNOs the amount of generated NO (around 360 nM) is not enough to show bactericidal effect on the studied bacteria, but it could provide other properties inherent to NO even at low concentration in the nM range like anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. The cytotoxic effect recorded of the films on rat brain endothelial cells (BMVECs) is least significant and proves them to be friendly enough for further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Darder
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Anik Karan
- Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, 71270, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gustavo Del Real
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7,5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark A DeCoster
- Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, 71270, Louisiana, USA; Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Micromanufacturing, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, 71270, Louisiana, USA
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32
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Klinger M, Zugmaier G, Nägele V, Goebeler ME, Brandl C, Stelljes M, Lassmann H, von Stackelberg A, Bargou RC, Kufer P. Adhesion of T Cells to Endothelial Cells Facilitates Blinatumomab-Associated Neurologic Adverse Events. Cancer Res 2019; 80:91-101. [PMID: 31662326 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blinatumomab, a CD19/CD3-bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) immuno-oncology therapy for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, is associated with neurologic adverse events in a subgroup of patients. Here, we provide evidence for a two-step process for the development of neurologic adverse events in response to blinatumomab: (i) blinatumomab induced B-cell-independent redistribution of peripheral T cells, including T-cell adhesion to blood vessel endothelium, endothelial activation, and T-cell transmigration into the perivascular space, where (ii) blinatumomab induced B-cell-dependent T-cell activation and cytokine release to potentially trigger neurologic adverse events. Evidence for this process includes (i) the coincidence of T-cell redistribution and the early occurrence of most neurologic adverse events, (ii) T-cell transmigration through brain microvascular endothelium, (iii) detection of T cells, B cells, and blinatumomab in cerebrospinal fluid, (iv) blinatumomab-induced T-cell rolling and adhesion to vascular endothelial cells in vitro, and (v) the ability of antiadhesive agents to interfere with blinatumomab-induced interactions between T cells and vascular endothelial cells in vitro and in patients. On the basis of these observations, we propose a model that could be the basis of mitigation strategies for neurologic adverse events associated with blinatumomab treatment and other T-cell therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: This study proposes T-cell adhesion to endothelial cells as a necessary but insufficient first step for development of blinatumomab-associated neurologic adverse events and suggests interfering with adhesion as a mitigation approach.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Bispecific/adverse effects
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cell Line
- Child
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/blood
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Male
- Microvessels/cytology
- Microvessels/immunology
- Microvessels/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neurotoxicity Syndromes/epidemiology
- Neurotoxicity Syndromes/immunology
- Neurotoxicity Syndromes/pathology
- Neurotoxicity Syndromes/prevention & control
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arend von Stackelberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf C Bargou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kufer
- Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH, Munich, Germany
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33
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Merola J, Reschke M, Pierce RW, Qin L, Spindler S, Baltazar T, Manes TD, Lopez-Giraldez F, Li G, Bracaglia LG, Xie C, Kirkiles-Smith N, Saltzman WM, Tietjen GT, Tellides G, Pober JS. Progenitor-derived human endothelial cells evade alloimmunity by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated complete ablation of MHC expression. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129739. [PMID: 31527312 PMCID: PMC6824302 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering may address organ shortages currently limiting clinical transplantation. Off-the-shelf engineered vascularized organs will likely use allogeneic endothelial cells (ECs) to construct microvessels required for graft perfusion. Vasculogenic ECs can be differentiated from committed progenitors (human endothelial colony-forming cells or HECFCs) without risk of mutation or teratoma formation associated with reprogrammed stem cells. Like other ECs, these cells can express both class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, bind donor-specific antibody (DSA), activate alloreactive T effector memory cells, and initiate rejection in the absence of donor leukocytes. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated dual ablation of β2-microglobulin and class II transactivator (CIITA) in HECFC-derived ECs eliminates both class I and II MHC expression while retaining EC functions and vasculogenic potential. Importantly, dually ablated ECs no longer bind human DSA or activate allogeneic CD4+ effector memory T cells and are resistant to killing by CD8+ alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Despite absent class I MHC molecules, these ECs do not activate or elicit cytotoxic activity from allogeneic natural killer cells. These data suggest that HECFC-derived ECs lacking MHC molecule expression can be utilized for engineering vascularized grafts that evade allorejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Merola
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie Reschke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Susann Spindler
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tania Baltazar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas D. Manes
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Francesc Lopez-Giraldez
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis and Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura G. Bracaglia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Catherine Xie
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nancy Kirkiles-Smith
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gregory T. Tietjen
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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34
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Song W, Chiu A, Wang LH, Schwartz RE, Li B, Bouklas N, Bowers DT, An D, Cheong SH, Flanders JA, Pardo Y, Liu Q, Wang X, Lee VK, Dai G, Ma M. Engineering transferrable microvascular meshes for subcutaneous islet transplantation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4602. [PMID: 31601796 PMCID: PMC6787187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of engineered cell or tissue implants is dependent on vascular regeneration to meet adequate metabolic requirements. However, development of a broadly applicable strategy for stable and functional vascularization has remained challenging. We report here highly organized and resilient microvascular meshes fabricated through a controllable anchored self-assembly method. The microvascular meshes are scalable to centimeters, almost free of defects and transferrable to diverse substrates, ready for transplantation. They promote formation of functional blood vessels, with a density as high as ~220 vessels mm-2, in the poorly vascularized subcutaneous space of SCID-Beige mice. We further demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating microvascular meshes from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells, opening a way to engineer patient-specific microvasculature. As a proof-of-concept for type 1 diabetes treatment, we combine microvascular meshes and subcutaneously transplanted rat islets and achieve correction of chemically induced diabetes in SCID-Beige mice for 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alan Chiu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nikolaos Bouklas
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Daniel T Bowers
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Duo An
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - James A Flanders
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yehudah Pardo
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Vivian K Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02120, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02120, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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35
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Kiss T, Balasubramanian P, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Csipo T, Lipecz A, Reglodi D, Zhang XA, Bari F, Farkas E, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment attenuates oxidative stress and rescues angiogenic capacity in aged cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells: a potential mechanism for the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment. GeroScience 2019; 41:619-630. [PMID: 31144244 PMCID: PMC6885080 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related impairment of angiogenesis likely has a critical role in cerebromicrovascular rarefaction and development of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) in the elderly. Recently, we demonstrated that aging is associated with NAD+ depletion in the vasculature and that administration of NAD+ precursors exerts potent anti-aging vascular effects, rescuing endothelium-mediated vasodilation in the cerebral circulation and improving cerebral blood supply. The present study was designed to elucidate how treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD+ intermediate, impacts age-related impairment of endothelial angiogenic processes. Using cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) isolated from young and aged F344xBN rats, we demonstrated that compared with young cells, aged CMVECs exhibit impaired proliferation, cellular migration (measured by a wound-healing assay using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing [ECIS] technology), impaired ability to form capillary-like structures, and increased oxidative stress. NMN treatment in aged CMVECs significantly improved angiogenic processes and attenuated H2O2 production. We also found that pre-treatment with EX-527, a pharmacological inhibitor of SIRT1, prevented NMN-mediated restoration of angiogenic processes in aged CMVECs. Collectively, we find that normal cellular NAD+ levels are essential for normal endothelial angiogenic processes, suggesting that age-related cellular NAD+ depletion and consequential SIRT1 dysregulation may be a potentially reversible mechanism underlying impaired angiogenesis and cerebromicrovascular rarefaction in aging. We recommend that pro-angiogenic effects of NAD+ boosters should be considered in both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Marta Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Xin A. Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Ferenc Bari
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, the Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
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Grifno GN, Farrell AM, Linville RM, Arevalo D, Kim JH, Gu L, Searson PC. Tissue-engineered blood-brain barrier models via directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13957. [PMID: 31562392 PMCID: PMC6764995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) recapitulate in vivo shear stress, cylindrical geometry, and cell-ECM interactions. Here we address four issues associated with BBB models: cell source, barrier function, cryopreservation, and matrix stiffness. We reproduce a directed differentiation of brain microvascular endothelial cells (dhBMECs) from two fluorescently labeled human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (hiPSCs) and demonstrate physiological permeability of Lucifer yellow over six days. Microvessels formed from cryopreserved dhBMECs show expression of BBB markers and maintain physiological barrier function comparable to non-cryopreserved cells. Microvessels displaying physiological barrier function are formed in collagen I hydrogels with stiffness matching that of human brain. The dilation response of microvessels was linear with increasing transmural pressure and was dependent on matrix stiffness. Together these results advance capabilities for tissue-engineered BBB models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle N Grifno
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alanna M Farrell
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raleigh M Linville
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego Arevalo
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joo Ho Kim
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luo Gu
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Yamaguchi T, Shimizu K, Kokubu Y, Nishijima M, Takeda S, Ogura H, Kawabata K. Effect of heat stress on blood-brain barrier integrity in iPS cell-derived microvascular endothelial cell models. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222113. [PMID: 31483843 PMCID: PMC6726235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heatstroke has been increasing. Heatstroke has been shown to affect physiological barrier functions. However, there are few studies of the effect of heat stress on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. In this study, we investigated the influence of heat stress on brain microvascular endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Heatstroke model mice administered Texas Red-dextran showed leakage outside the brain vessel walls. In addition, trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was significantly reduced in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells under heat stress by reducing claudin-5 expression. In addition, our results showed that the expression level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was increased in iPS cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells under heat stress. Furthermore, serum from heatstroke model mice could impair the BBB integrity of iPS cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells. These results suggest that BBB integrity was affected by heat stress in vivo and in vitro and provide important insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies for heatstroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kokubu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misae Nishijima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Watanabe M, Yano K, Okawa K, Yamashita T, Tajima K, Sawada K, Yagi H, Kitagawa Y, Tanishita K, Sudo R. Construction of sinusoid-scale microvessels in perfusion culture of a decellularized liver. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:307-318. [PMID: 30593886 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a great deal of demand for the construction of transplantable liver grafts. Over the last decade, decellularization techniques have been developed to construct whole liver tissue grafts as potential biomaterials. However, the lack of intact vascular networks, especially sinusoids, in recellularized liver scaffolds leads to hemorrhage and thrombosis after transplantation, which is a major obstacle to the development of transplantable liver grafts. In the present study, we hypothesized that both mechanical (e.g., fluid shear stress) and chemical factors (e.g., fibronectin coating) can enhance the formation of hierarchical vascular networks including sinusoid-scale microvessels. We demonstrated that perfusion culture promoted formation of sinusoid-scale microvessels in recellularized liver scaffolds, which was not observed in static culture. In particular, perfusion culture at 4.7 ml/min promoted the formation of sinusoid-scale microvessels compared to perfusion culture at 2.4 and 9.4 ml/min. In addition, well-aligned endothelium was observed in perfusion culture, suggesting that endothelial cells sensed the flow-induced shear stress. Moreover, fibronectin coating of decellularized liver scaffolds enhanced the formation of sinusoid-scale microvessels in perfusion culture at 4.7 ml/min. This study represents a critical step in the development of functional recellularized liver scaffolds, which can be used not only for transplantation but also for drug screening and disease-modeling studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Decellularized liver scaffolds are promising biomaterials that allow production of large-scale tissue-engineered liver grafts. However, it is difficult to maintain recellularized liver grafts after transplantation due to hemorrhage and thrombosis. To overcome this obstacle, construction of an intact vascular network including sinusoid-scale microvessels is essential. In the present study, we succeeded in constructing sinusoid-scale microvessels in decellularized liver scaffolds via a combination of perfusion culture and surface coating. We further confirmed that endothelial cells in decellularized liver scaffolds responded to flow-derived mechanical stress by aligning actin filaments. Our strategy to construct sinusoid-scale microvessels is critical for the development of intact vascular networks, and addresses the limitations of recellularized liver scaffolds after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Watanabe
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Koki Yano
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Koki Okawa
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Yamashita
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shunjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sawada
- Collaborative Research Resources, Keio University School of Medicine, Shunjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shunjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shunjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanishita
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shunjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Ryo Sudo
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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Patel DB, Luthers CR, Lerman MJ, Fisher JP, Jay SM. Enhanced extracellular vesicle production and ethanol-mediated vascularization bioactivity via a 3D-printed scaffold-perfusion bioreactor system. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:236-244. [PMID: 30471476 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant interest in the biotechnology field due to their intrinsic therapeutic properties as well as their ability to serve as vehicles for bioactive cargo. However, the lack of an established biomanufacturing platform and limited potency of EVs in vivo remain critical bottlenecks for clinical translation. In this study, we utilized a 3D-printed scaffold-perfusion bioreactor system to assess the response of dynamic culture on extracellular vesicle production from endothelial cells (ECs). We also investigated whether ethanol conditioning, which was previously shown to enhance vascularization bioactivity of EC-derived EVs produced in standard 2D culture conditions, could be employed successfully for the same purpose in a 3D production system. Our results indicate that dynamic culture in a perfusion bioreactor significantly enhances EV production from human ECs. Moreover, the use of ethanol conditioning in conjunction with dynamic culture induces pro-vascularization bioactivity of EC-derived EVs that is correlated with increased EV levels of pro-angiogenic lncRNAs HOTAIR and MALAT1. Thus, this study represents one of the first reports of rationally-designed EV potency enhancement that is conserved between static 2D and dynamic 3D EV production systems, increasing the potential for scalable biomanufacturing of therapeutic EC-derived EVs for a variety of applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have substantial therapeutic potential in a variety of applications. However, translation of EV-based therapies may be hindered by biomanufacturing challenges. EV production to date has predominantly involved the use of tissue culture flasks. Here, we report, for the first time, the use of a tubular perfusion bioreactor system with an integrated 3D-printed biomaterial scaffold for EV production from human endothelial cells. This system increases EV yield by over 100-fold compared to conventional tissue culture systems. Further, we show that an ethanol-conditioning approach that our group previously developed in 2D culture for enhancing EV potency is compatible with this new system. Thus, potency enhancement of EVs for vascularization applications is possible even with significantly increased production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya B Patel
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Christopher R Luthers
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Max J Lerman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland 4418 Stadium Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Surface and Trace Chemical Analysis Group, Materials Measurement Science Division National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive, Mailstop 6431, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Greenbaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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40
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Ocaña MC, Martínez-Poveda B, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. Highly Glycolytic Immortalized Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells are Able to Grow in Glucose-Starved Conditions. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080332. [PMID: 31374952 PMCID: PMC6723428 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels, in a process known as angiogenesis. Excessive angiogenesis is a hallmark of several diseases, including cancer. The number of studies in endothelial cell metabolism has increased in recent years, and new metabolic targets for pharmacological treatment of pathological angiogenesis are being proposed. In this work, we wanted to address experimental evidence of substrate (namely glucose, glutamine and palmitate) dependence in immortalized dermal microvascular endothelial cells in comparison to primary endothelial cells. In addition, due to the lack of information about lactate metabolism in this specific type of endothelial cells, we also checked their capability of utilizing extracellular lactate. For fulfilling these aims, proliferation, migration, Seahorse, substrate uptake/utilization, and mRNA/protein expression experiments were performed. Our results show a high glycolytic capacity of immortalized dermal microvascular endothelial cells, but an early independence of glucose for cell growth, whereas a total dependence of glutamine to proliferate was found. Additionally, in contrast with reported data in other endothelial cell lines, these cells lack monocarboxylate transporter 1 for extracellular lactate incorporation. Therefore, our results point to the change of certain metabolic features depending on the endothelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª Carmen Ocaña
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana R Quesada
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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41
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Motherwell JM, Rozenblum M, Katakam PV, Murfee WL. Bioreactor System to Perfuse Mesentery Microvascular Networks and Study Flow Effects During Angiogenesis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:447-458. [PMID: 31280703 PMCID: PMC6686705 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Microvascular remodeling, or angiogenesis, plays a central role in multiple pathological conditions, including cancer, diabetes, and ischemia. Tissue-engineered in vitro models have emerged as tools to elucidate the mechanisms that drive the angiogenic process. However, a major challenge with model development is recapitulating the physiological complexity of real microvascular networks, including incorporation of the entire vascular tree and hemodynamics. This study establishes a bioreactor system that incorporates real microvascular networks with physiological flow as a novel ex vivo tissue culture model, thereby providing a platform to evaluate angiogenesis in a physiologically relevant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Motherwell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maximillian Rozenblum
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Prasad V.G. Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Walter L. Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Park TE, Mustafaoglu N, Herland A, Hasselkus R, Mannix R, FitzGerald EA, Prantil-Baun R, Watters A, Henry O, Benz M, Sanchez H, McCrea HJ, Goumnerova LC, Song HW, Palecek SP, Shusta E, Ingber DE. Hypoxia-enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Chip recapitulates human barrier function and shuttling of drugs and antibodies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2621. [PMID: 31197168 DOI: 10.1101/482463v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The high selectivity of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts delivery of many pharmaceuticals and therapeutic antibodies to the central nervous system. Here, we describe an in vitro microfluidic organ-on-a-chip BBB model lined by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelium interfaced with primary human brain astrocytes and pericytes that recapitulates the high level of barrier function of the in vivo human BBB for at least one week in culture. The endothelium expresses high levels of tight junction proteins and functional efflux pumps, and it displays selective transcytosis of peptides and antibodies previously observed in vivo. Increased barrier functionality was accomplished using a developmentally-inspired induction protocol that includes a period of differentiation under hypoxic conditions. This enhanced BBB Chip may therefore represent a new in vitro tool for development and validation of delivery systems that transport drugs and therapeutic antibodies across the human BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Park
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nur Mustafaoglu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anna Herland
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hasselkus
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Mannix
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edward A FitzGerald
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Watters
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivier Henry
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maximilian Benz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Henry Sanchez
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heather J McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Hannah W Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Eric Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Chen J, Sun L, Ding GB, Chen L, Jiang L, Wang J, Wu J. Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Induces Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Hyperpermeability Via VE-Cadherin Internalization: Roles of RhoA/ROCK2. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:49-59. [PMID: 31187440 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes to a spectrum of neurological diseases such as stroke, and the hyperpermeability of endothelial cells is one of the characters of stroke, which is possibly exacerbated after reperfusion. However, the underlying mechanisms involving hyperpermeability after reperfusion between the endothelial cells remain poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, the human microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to mimic ischemic stroke condition in vitro with the aim to investigate the potential mechanisms induced by OGD/R. The permeability of cultured HBMECs was measured using FITC-labeled dextran in a Transwell system and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), while the RhoA activity was detected by pull-down assay. In addition, the phosphorylation of MYPT1, which reflects the activation of ROCK and the internalization of VE-cadherin, was detected by Western blot. It showed that OGD/R treatment significantly increased the permeability of HBMEC monolayers and facilitated the internalization of VE-cadherin in HBMEC monolayers. Pull-down assay showed that RhoA activation was obviously enhanced after OGD/R treatment, while RhoA and ROCK inhibitor significantly reversed OGD/R-induced HBMEC monolayers hyperpermeability and the internalization of VE-cadherin. Meanwhile, the knockdown assay showed that RhoA small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to similar effects. The inactivation of the downstream effector protein ROCK was also examined. Intriguingly, ROCK2 rather than ROCK1 exerted its adverse effects on HBMEC monolayer integrity, since ROCK2 knockdown markedly reverses the injury of OGD/R in HBMEC monolayers. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that OGD/R may induce HBMEC monolayer hyperpermeability via RhoA/ROCK2-mediated VE-cadherin internalization, which may provide an impetus for the development of therapeutics targeting BBB damage in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Bing Ding
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Jannaway M, Yang X, Meegan JE, Coleman DC, Yuan SY. Thrombin-cleaved syndecan-3/-4 ectodomain fragments mediate endothelial barrier dysfunction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214737. [PMID: 31091226 PMCID: PMC6519803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The endothelial glycocalyx constitutes part of the endothelial barrier but its degradation leaves endothelial cells exposed to transmigrating cells and circulating mediators that can damage the barrier or promote intercellular gaps. Syndecan proteins are key components of the endothelial glycocalyx and are shed during disease states where expression and activity of proteases such as thrombin are elevated. We tested the ability of thrombin to cleave the ectodomains of syndecans and whether the products could act directly on endothelial cells to alter barrier function. Approach and results Using transmission electron microscopy, we illustrated the presence of glycocalyx in human lung microvasculature. We confirmed expression of all syndecan subtypes on the endothelial surface of agarose-inflated human lungs. ELISA and western blot analysis suggested that thrombin can cleave syndecan-3/-4 ectodomains to produce fragments. In vivo, syndecan-3 ectodomain fragments increased extravasation of albumin-bound Evans blue in mouse lung, indicative of plasma protein leakage into the surrounding tissue. Syndecan-3/-4 ectodomain fragments decreased transendothelial electrical resistance, a measure of cell-cell adhesive barrier integrity, in a manner sensitive to a Rho kinase inhibitor. These effects were independent of glycosylation and thrombin receptor PAR1. Moreover, these cleavage products caused rapid VE-cadherin-based adherens junction disorganization and increased F-actin stress fibers, supporting their direct effect on endothelial paracellular permeability. Conclusions We suggest that thrombin can cleave syndecan-3/4 ectodomain into fragments which interact with endothelial cells causing paracellular hyperpermeability. This may have important implications in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction during sepsis or thrombotic disease states where thrombin is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Danielle C. Coleman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Forget A, Gianni-Barrera R, Uccelli A, Sarem M, Kohler E, Fogli B, Muraro MG, Bichet S, Aumann K, Banfi A, Shastri VP. Mechanically Defined Microenvironment Promotes Stabilization of Microvasculature, Which Correlates with the Enrichment of a Novel Piezo-1 + Population of Circulating CD11b + /CD115 + Monocytes. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1808050. [PMID: 30924979 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization is a critical step in the restoration of cellular homeostasis. Several strategies including localized growth factor delivery, endothelial progenitor cells, genetically engineered cells, gene therapy, and prevascularized implants have been explored to promote revascularization. But, long-term stabilization of newly induced vessels remains a challenge. It has been shown that fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells can stabilize newly induced vessels. However, whether an injected biomaterial alone can serve as an instructive environment for angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. It is reported here that appropriate vascular branching, and long-term stabilization can be promoted simply by implanting a hydrogel with stiffness matching that of fibrin clot. A unique subpopulation of circulating CD11b+ myeloid and CD11b+ /CD115+ monocytes that express the stretch activated cation channel Piezo-1, which is enriched prominently in the clot-like hydrogel, is identified. These findings offer evidence for a mechanobiology paradigm in angiogenesis involving an interplay between mechanosensitive circulating cells and mechanics of tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Forget
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Gianni-Barrera
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Uccelli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Melika Sarem
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Kohler
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Fogli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Manuele G Muraro
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Bichet
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Aumann
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - V Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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46
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Polacheck WJ, Kutys ML, Tefft JB, Chen CS. Microfabricated blood vessels for modeling the vascular transport barrier. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1425-1454. [PMID: 30953042 PMCID: PMC7046311 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium forms the inner lining of blood vessels and actively regulates vascular permeability in response to chemical and physical stimuli. Understanding the molecular pathways and mechanisms that regulate the permeability of blood vessels is of critical importance for developing therapies for cardiovascular dysfunction and disease. Recently, we developed a novel microfluidic human engineered microvessel (hEMV) platform to enable controlled blood flow through a human endothelial lumen within a physiologic 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) into which pericytes and other stromal cells can be introduced to recapitulate tissue-specific microvascular physiology. This protocol describes how to design and fabricate the silicon hEMV device master molds (takes ~1 week) and elastomeric substrates (takes 3 d); how to seed, culture, and apply calibrated fluid shear stress to hEMVs (takes 1-7 d); and how to assess vascular barrier function (takes 1 d) and perform immunofluorescence imaging (takes 3 d).
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Polacheck
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew L Kutys
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliann B Tefft
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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47
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Cyboran-Mikołajczyk S, Solarska-Ściuk K, Mieszała K, Glatzel-Plucińska N, Matczak K, Kleszczyńska H. The Impact of O-Glycosylation on Cyanidin Interaction with RBCs and HMEC-1 Cells-Structure⁻Activity Relationships. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081928. [PMID: 31010130 PMCID: PMC6514962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of contributing to the knowledge about their potential therapeutic activity, we determined the biological activities of cyanidin and its selected O-glycosides in relation to erythrocytes (RBCs) and human dermal vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Furthermore, on the basis of changes in the physical/functional properties of the cells, the structure–activity relationships of the compounds were determined. Concerning erythrocytes, we analyzed the antioxidant activity of the compounds and their impact on the RBCs’ shape and transmembrane potential. The compounds’ cytotoxic activity, ability to modulate apoptosis, cell cycle, and intracellular ROS generation, as well as inhibitory activity against AAPH-inducted oxidative stress, were determined in relation to HMEC-1 cells. We demonstrated that biological activity of cyanidin and its O-glycosides strongly depends on the number and type of sugar substituents, and varies depending on the extracellular environment and type of cells. The compounds are practically non-cytotoxic, and do not induce apoptosis or disturb the progression of the cell cycle. Additionally, the compounds alter the shape of RBCs, but they do not affect their transmembrane potential. They effectively protect erythrocytes against free radicals and affect intracellular reactive oxygen spices (ROS) generation under physiological and AAPH-induced oxidative stress conditions. Our results suggest a potential beneficial effect of cyanidin on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Cyboran-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Solarska-Ściuk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Mieszała
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Natalia Glatzel-Plucińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Matczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Halina Kleszczyńska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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48
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Stump B, Shrestha S, Lamattina AM, Louis PH, Cho W, Perrella MA, Ai X, Rosas IO, Wagner FF, Priolo C, Astin J, El-Chemaly S. Glycogen synthase kinase 3-β inhibition induces lymphangiogenesis through β-catenin-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213831. [PMID: 30964887 PMCID: PMC6456176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels play an important role in health and in disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GSK3-β inhibition on lung lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition and silencing of GSK3-β resulted in increased lymphangiogenesis of lung lymphatic endothelial cells. To investigate mechanisms of GSK3-β-mediated lymphangiogenesis, we interrogated the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway and found that inhibition of GSK3-β resulted in PTEN activation and subsequent decreased activation of AKT, leading to decreased p-P70S6kinase levels, indicating inhibition of the mTOR pathway. In addition, consistent with a negative role of GSK3-β in β-catenin stability through protein phosphorylation, we found that GSK3-β inhibition resulted in an increase in β-catenin levels. Simultaneous silencing of β-catenin and inhibition of GSK3-β demonstrated that β-catenin is required for GSK3-β-induced lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stump
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shikshya Shrestha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. Lamattina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pierce H. Louis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Woohyun Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ivan O. Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Florence F. Wagner
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carmen Priolo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Astin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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49
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Uwamori H, Ono Y, Yamashita T, Arai K, Sudo R. Comparison of organ-specific endothelial cells in terms of microvascular formation and endothelial barrier functions. Microvasc Res 2019; 122:60-70. [PMID: 30472038 PMCID: PMC6294313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Every organ demonstrates specific vascular characteristics and functions maintained by interactions of endothelial cells (ECs) and parenchymal cells. Particularly, brain ECs play a central role in the formation of a functional blood brain barrier (BBB). Organ-specific ECs have their own morphological features, and organ specificity must be considered when investigating interactions between ECs and other cell types constituting a target organ. Here we constructed angiogenesis-based microvascular networks with perivascular cells in a microfluidic device setting by coculturing ECs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Furthermore, we analyzed endothelial barrier functions as well as fundamental morphology, an essential step to build an in vitro BBB model. In particular, we used both brain microvascular ECs (BMECs) and human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) to test if organ specificity of ECs affects the formation processes and endothelial barrier functions of an engineered microvascular network. We found that microvascular formation processes differed by the source of ECs. HUVECs formed more extensive microvascular networks compared to BMECs while no differences were observed between BMECs and HUVECs in terms of both the microvascular diameter and the number of pericytes peripherally associated with the microvasculatures. To compare the endothelial barrier functions of each type of EC, we performed fluorescence dextran perfusion on constructed microvasculatures. The permeability coefficient of BMEC microvasculatures was significantly lower than that of HUVEC microvasculatures. In addition, there were significant differences in terms of tight junction protein expression. These results suggest that the organ source of ECs influences the properties of engineered microvasculature and thus is a factor to be considered in the design of organ-specific cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuuichi Ono
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Yamashita
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, Japan; Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Japan
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA; Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Ryo Sudo
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, Japan; Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Japan.
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50
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Redd MA, Zeinstra N, Qin W, Wei W, Martinson A, Wang Y, Wang RK, Murry CE, Zheng Y. Patterned human microvascular grafts enable rapid vascularization and increase perfusion in infarcted rat hearts. Nat Commun 2019; 10:584. [PMID: 30718840 PMCID: PMC6362250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization and efficient perfusion are long-standing challenges in cardiac tissue engineering. Here we report engineered perfusable microvascular constructs, wherein human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hESC-ECs) are seeded both into patterned microchannels and the surrounding collagen matrix. In vitro, the hESC-ECs lining the luminal walls readily sprout and anastomose with de novo-formed endothelial tubes in the matrix under flow. When implanted on infarcted rat hearts, the perfusable microvessel grafts integrate with coronary vasculature to a greater degree than non-perfusable self-assembled constructs at 5 days post-implantation. Optical microangiography imaging reveal that perfusable grafts have 6-fold greater vascular density, 2.5-fold higher vascular velocities and >20-fold higher volumetric perfusion rates. Implantation of perfusable grafts containing additional hESC-derived cardiomyocytes show higher cardiomyocyte and vascular density. Thus, pre-patterned vascular networks enhance vascular remodeling and accelerate coronary perfusion, potentially supporting cardiac tissues after implantation. These findings should facilitate the next generation of cardiac tissue engineering design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Redd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nicole Zeinstra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Amy Martinson
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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