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Elliott Williams M, Hardnett FP, Sheth AN, Wein AN, Li ZRT, Radzio-Basu J, Dinh C, Haddad LB, Collins EMB, Ofotokun I, Antia R, Scharer CD, Garcia-Lerma JG, Kohlmeier JE, Swaims-Kohlmeier A. The menstrual cycle regulates migratory CD4 T-cell surveillance in the female reproductive tract via CCR5 signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:41-53. [PMID: 37866719 PMCID: PMC10990418 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite their importance for immunity against sexually transmitted infections, the composition of female reproductive tract (FRT) memory T-cell populations in response to changes within the local tissue environment under the regulation of the menstrual cycle remains poorly defined. Here, we show that in humans and pig-tailed macaques, the cycle determines distinct clusters of differentiation 4 T-cell surveillance behaviors by subsets corresponding to migratory memory (TMM) and resident memory T cells. TMM displays tissue-itinerant trafficking characteristics, restricted distribution within the FRT microenvironment, and distinct effector responses to infection. Gene pathway analysis by RNA sequencing identified TMM-specific enrichment of genes involved in hormonal regulation and inflammatory responses. FRT T-cell subset fluctuations were discovered that synchronized to cycle-driven CCR5 signaling. Notably, oral administration of a CCR5 antagonist drug blocked TMM trafficking. Taken together, this study provides novel insights into the dynamic nature of FRT memory CD4 T cells and identifies the menstrual cycle as a key regulator of immune surveillance at the site of STI pathogen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elliott Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felica P Hardnett
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anandi N Sheth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander N Wein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Tiger Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chuong Dinh
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa B Haddad
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M B Collins
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Igho Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Gerardo Garcia-Lerma
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alison Swaims-Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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2
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Huang F, Lu X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Kuai L, Li B, Dong H, Shi J. Microenvironment-Based Diabetic Foot Ulcer Nanomedicine. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2203308. [PMID: 36424137 PMCID: PMC9839871 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), one of the most serious complications of diabetes, are essentially chronic, nonhealing wounds caused by diabetic neuropathy, vascular disease, and bacterial infection. Given its pathogenesis, the DFU microenvironment is rather complicated and characterized by hyperglycemia, ischemia, hypoxia, hyperinflammation, and persistent infection. However, the current clinical therapies for DFU are dissatisfactory, which drives researchers to turn attention to advanced nanotechnology to address DFU therapeutic bottlenecks. In the last decade, a large number of multifunctional nanosystems based on the microenvironment of DFU have been developed with positive effects in DFU therapy, forming a novel concept of "DFU nanomedicine". However, a systematic overview of DFU nanomedicine is still unavailable in the literature. This review summarizes the microenvironmental characteristics of DFU, presents the main progress of wound healing, and summaries the state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for DFU. Furthermore, the main challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed and prospected, aiming to fuel and foster the development of DFU nanomedicines successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and RegenerationMinistry of EducationTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012)Shanghai200050China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic MedicineThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012)Shanghai200050China
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200443China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and RegenerationMinistry of EducationTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065China
| | - Yushan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and RegenerationMinistry of EducationTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200443China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of DermatologyYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200437China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200443China
- Department of DermatologyYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200437China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and RegenerationMinistry of EducationTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic MedicineThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012)Shanghai200050China
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3
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Rajakaruna H, O'Connor JH, Cockburn IA, Ganusov VV. Liver Environment-Imposed Constraints Diversify Movement Strategies of Liver-Localized CD8 T Cells. J Immunol 2022; 208:1292-1304. [PMID: 35131868 PMCID: PMC9250760 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific CD8 T cells face the problem of finding rare cells that present their cognate Ag either in the lymph node or in infected tissue. Although quantitative details of T cell movement strategies in some tissues such as lymph nodes or skin have been relatively well characterized, we still lack quantitative understanding of T cell movement in many other important tissues, such as the spleen, lung, liver, and gut. We developed a protocol to generate stable numbers of liver-located CD8 T cells, used intravital microscopy to record movement patterns of CD8 T cells in livers of live mice, and analyzed these and previously published data using well-established statistical and computational methods. We show that, in most of our experiments, Plasmodium-specific liver-localized CD8 T cells perform correlated random walks characterized by transiently superdiffusive displacement with persistence times of 10-15 min that exceed those observed for T cells in lymph nodes. Liver-localized CD8 T cells typically crawl on the luminal side of liver sinusoids (i.e., are in the blood); simulating T cell movement in digital structures derived from the liver sinusoids illustrates that liver structure alone is sufficient to explain the relatively long superdiffusive displacement of T cells. In experiments when CD8 T cells in the liver poorly attach to the sinusoids (e.g., 1 wk after immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites), T cells also undergo Lévy flights: large displacements occurring due to cells detaching from the endothelium, floating with the blood flow, and reattaching at another location. Our analysis thus provides quantitative details of movement patterns of liver-localized CD8 T cells and illustrates how structural and physiological details of the tissue may impact T cell movement patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H O'Connor
- Division of Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; and
- Australian National University Medical School, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Division of Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; and
| | - Vitaly V Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN;
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Tomaz de Miranda J, Bringel FDA, Pereira Velosa AP, Protocevich V, Fernezlian SDM, Silva PL, Capelozzi VL, Mathor MB, Teodoro WR. Sterilized human skin graft with a dose of 25 kGy provides a privileged immune and collagen microenvironment in the adhesion of Nude mice wounds. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262532. [PMID: 35085314 PMCID: PMC8794154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to report the effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on inflammatory and repair stage of human skin graft adherence in Nude mice wounds. Animals were divided into transplanted with irradiated human skin grafts (IHSG) at 25 and 50 kGy (IHSG 25 kGy; IHSG 50 kGy) and non-IHSG and euthanized on the 3rd, 7th and 21st days after the surgery, by gross and microscopic changes, immunostaining for human type I collagen (Col I) and mouse Col I and Col III and inflammatory cells. We found an effectiveness of human split-thickness graft adherence in mice transplanted with IHSG 25 kGy, as well decrease in dermo-epidermal necrosis and neutrophils, lower loss of skin thickness, epithelization and neo-vascularization. Day 21 post-transplantation with IHSG 25 kGy was observed a well-preserved human skin in the border of the graft, a prominent granulation tissue in an organization by proliferated fibroblasts, Col III deposition and increased B-cells and macrophages. A complete adherence of human skin graft occurred with IHSG 25 kGy. We suggest that the ionizing radiation at 25 kGy mediates inflammation and the repair stage of human skin graft adherence in murine model, thus emerging as a potential tool in healing cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurandir Tomaz de Miranda
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Andrade Bringel
- Center of Radiation Technology (CTR) Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, IPEN—CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Velosa
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Verônica Protocevich
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Beatriz Mathor
- Center of Radiation Technology (CTR) Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, IPEN—CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wang B, Wang H, Li Y, Song L. Lipid metabolism within the bone micro-environment is closely associated with bone metabolism in physiological and pathophysiological stages. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:5. [PMID: 34996476 PMCID: PMC8742318 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in society have resulted in the emergence of both hyperlipidemia and obesity as life-threatening conditions in people with implications for various types of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This is further complicated by a global rise in the aging population, especially menopausal women, who mostly suffer from overweight and bone loss simultaneously. Interestingly, clinical observations in these women suggest that osteoarthritis may be linked to a higher body mass index (BMI), which has led many to believe that there may be some degree of bone dysfunction associated with conditions such as obesity. It is also common practice in many outpatient settings to encourage patients to control their BMI and lose weight in an attempt to mitigate mechanical stress and thus reduce bone pain and joint dysfunction. Together, studies show that bone is not only a mechanical organ but also a critical component of metabolism, and various endocrine functions, such as calcium metabolism. Numerous studies have demonstrated a relationship between metabolic dysfunction in bone and abnormal lipid metabolism. Previous studies have also regarded obesity as a metabolic disorder. However, the relationship between lipid metabolism and bone metabolism has not been fully elucidated. In this narrative review, the data describing the close relationship between bone and lipid metabolism was summarized and the impact on both the normal physiology and pathophysiology of these tissues was discussed at both the molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The first affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The first affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Battalion of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Battalion of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The first affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Abstract
Age-related immunosenescence, defined as an increase in inflammaging and the decline of the immune system, leads to tissue dysfunction and increased risk for metabolic disease. The elderly population is expanding, leading to a heightened need for therapeutics to improve health span. With age, many alterations of the immune system are observed, including shifts in the tissue-resident immune cells, increased expression of inflammatory factors, and the accumulation of senescent cells, all of which are responsible for a chronic inflammatory loop. Adipose tissue and the immune cell activation within are of particular interest for their well-known roles in metabolic disease. Recent literature reveals that adipose tissue is an organ in which signs of initial aging occur, including immune cell activation. Aged adipose tissue reveals changes in many innate and adaptive immune cell subsets, revealing a complex interaction that contributes to inflammation, increased senescence, impaired catecholamine-induced lipolysis, and impaired insulin sensitivity. Here, we will describe current knowledge surrounding age-related changes in immune cells while relating those findings to recent discoveries regarding immune cells in aged adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina D. Camell
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Nagyová E, Němcová L, Camaioni A. Cumulus Extracellular Matrix Is an Important Part of Oocyte Microenvironment in Ovarian Follicles: Its Remodeling and Proteolytic Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:54. [PMID: 35008478 PMCID: PMC8744823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential structure with biological activities. It has been shown that the ECM influences gene expression via cytoskeletal components and the gene expression is dependent upon cell interactions with molecules and hormones. The development of ovarian follicles is a hormone dependent process. The surge in the luteinizing hormone triggers ovulatory changes in oocyte microenvironment. In this review, we discuss how proteolytic cleavage affects formation of cumulus ECM following hormonal stimulation; in particular, how the specific proteasome inhibitor MG132 affects gonadotropin-induced cytoskeletal structure, the organization of cumulus ECM, steroidogenesis, and nuclear maturation. We found that after the inhibition of proteolytic cleavage, gonadotropin-stimulated oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCCs) were without any signs of cumulus expansion; they remained compact with preserved cytoskeletal F-actin-rich transzonal projections through the oocyte investments. Concomitantly, a significant decrease was detected in progesterone secretion and in the expression of gonadotropin-stimulated cumulus expansion-related transcripts, such as HAS2 and TNFAIP6. In agreement, the covalent binding between hyaluronan and the heavy chains of serum-derived the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, essential for the organization of cumulus ECM, was missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nagyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Němcová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic;
| | - Antonella Camaioni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpelier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Kalafatis D, Löfdahl A, Näsman P, Dellgren G, Wheelock ÅM, Elowsson Rendin L, Sköld M, Westergren-Thorsson G. Distal Lung Microenvironment Triggers Release of Mediators Recognized as Potential Systemic Biomarkers for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413421. [PMID: 34948231 PMCID: PMC8704101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with an unmet need of biomarkers that can aid in the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of the disease and response to treatment. In this two-part explorative proteomic study, we demonstrate how proteins associated with tissue remodeling, inflammation and chemotaxis such as MMP7, CXCL13 and CCL19 are released in response to aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) in IPF lung. We used a novel ex vivo model where decellularized lung tissue from IPF patients and healthy donors were repopulated with healthy fibroblasts to monitor locally released mediators. Results were validated in longitudinally collected serum samples from 38 IPF patients and from 77 healthy controls. We demonstrate how proteins elevated in the ex vivo model (e.g., MMP7), and other serum proteins found elevated in IPF patients such as HGF, VEGFA, MCP-3, IL-6 and TNFRSF12A, are associated with disease severity and progression and their response to antifibrotic treatment. Our study supports the model’s applicability in studying mechanisms involved in IPF and provides additional evidence for both established and potentially new biomarkers in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kalafatis
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (Å.M.W.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-72-3416617
| | - Anna Löfdahl
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; (A.L.); (L.E.R.); (G.W.-T.)
| | - Per Näsman
- Center for Safety Research, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Åsa M. Wheelock
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (Å.M.W.); (M.S.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Elowsson Rendin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; (A.L.); (L.E.R.); (G.W.-T.)
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (Å.M.W.); (M.S.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Westergren-Thorsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; (A.L.); (L.E.R.); (G.W.-T.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postmenopausal osteoporosis reduces circulating estrogen levels, which leads to osteoclast resorption, bone loss, and fracture. This review addresses emerging evidence that osteoporosis is not simply a disease of bone loss but that mechanosensitive osteocytes that regulate both osteoclasts and osteoblasts are also impacted by estrogen deficiency. RECENT FINDINGS At the onset of estrogen deficiency, the osteocyte mechanical environment is altered, which coincides with temporal changes in bone tissue composition. The osteocyte microenvironment is also altered, apoptosis is more prevalent, and hypermineralization occurs. The mechanobiological responses of osteocytes are impaired under estrogen deficiency, which exacerbates osteocyte paracrine regulation of osteoclasts. Recent research reveals changes in osteocytes during estrogen deficiency that may play a critical role in the etiology of the disease. A paradigm change for osteoporosis therapy requires an advanced understanding of such changes to establish the efficacy of osteocyte-targeted therapies to inhibit resorption and secondary mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laoise M McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Li W, Qiao W, Liu X, Bian D, Shen D, Zheng Y, Wu J, Kwan KYH, Wong TM, Cheung KMC, Yeung KWK. Biomimicking Bone-Implant Interface Facilitates the Bioadaption of a New Degradable Magnesium Alloy to the Bone Tissue Microenvironment. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2102035. [PMID: 34713634 PMCID: PMC8655172 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The most critical factor determining the success of biodegradable bone implants is the host tissue response, which greatly depends on their degradation behaviors. Here, a new magnesium-based implant, namely magnesium-silicon-calcium (Mg-0.2Si-1.0Ca) alloy, that coordinates its biodegradation along with the bone regenerative process via a self-assembled, multilayered bone-implant interface is designed. At first, its rapid biocorrosion contributes to a burst release of Mg2+ , leading to a pro-osteogenic immune microenvironment in bone. Meanwhile, with the simultaneous intervention of Ca and Si in the secondary phases of the new alloy, a hierarchical layered calcified matrix is rapidly formed at the degrading interface that favored the subsequent bone mineralization. In contrast, pure Mg or Mg-0.2Si alloy without the development of this interface at the beginning will unavoidably induce detrimental bone loss. Hence, it is believed this biomimicking interface justifies its bioadaptability in which it can modulate its degradation in vivo and accelerate bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dong Bian
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Danni Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Kenny Y H Kwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Tak Man Wong
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Kenneth M C Cheung
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
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11
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Tan GR, Hsu CYS, Zhang Y. pH-Responsive Hybrid Nanoparticles for Imaging Spatiotemporal pH Changes in Biofilm-Dentin Microenvironments. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:46247-46259. [PMID: 34570460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering highly sensitive nanomaterials to monitor spatiotemporal pH changes has rather broad applications in studying various biological systems. Intraoral/biofilm-tooth pH is the single parameter that has demonstrated accurate assessment of dental caries risk, reflecting the summative integrated outcome of the complicated interactions between three etiological factors, namely, microorganisms/biofilm, diet/carbohydrates, and tooth/saliva/host. However, there is little to no technology/system capable of accurately probing simultaneously both the micro-pH profiles in dentin tissues and acidogenic oral biofilms and examining the pathophysiologic acid attacks with high spatial/temporal resolution. Therefore, a highly sensitive pH-responsive hybrid nanoparticle (pH-NP) is developed and coupled with an ex vivo tooth-biofilm caries model to simulate and study the key cariogenic determinants/steps. The pH-NP emits two distinct fluorescences with mutually inversely proportional intensities that vary accordingly to the proximity pH and with a ratiometric output sensitivity of 13.4-fold across a broad clinically relevant pH range of 3.0-8.0. Using [H+], in addition to pH, to calculate the "area-under-curve" corroborates the "minimum-pH" in semiquantifying the demineralizing potential in each biofilm-dentin zones/depth. The data mechanistically elucidates a two-pronged cariogenic effect of a popular-acidic-sweet-drink, in inundating the biofilm/tooth-system with H+ ions from both the drink and the metabolic byproducts of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Rong Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ying Stephen Hsu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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12
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Blatchley MR, Hall F, Ntekoumes D, Cho H, Kailash V, Vazquez‐Duhalt R, Gerecht S. Discretizing Three-Dimensional Oxygen Gradients to Modulate and Investigate Cellular Processes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100190. [PMID: 34151527 PMCID: PMC8292886 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With the increased realization of the effect of oxygen (O2 ) deprivation (hypoxia) on cellular processes, recent efforts have focused on the development of engineered systems to control O2 concentrations and establish biomimetic O2 gradients to study and manipulate cellular behavior. Nonetheless, O2 gradients present in 3D engineered platforms result in diverse cell behavior across the O2 gradient, making it difficult to identify and study O2 sensitive signaling pathways. Using a layer-by-layer assembled O2 -controllable hydrogel, the authors precisely control O2 concentrations and study uniform cell behavior in discretized O2 gradients, then recapitulate the dynamics of cluster-based vasculogenesis, one mechanism for neovessel formation, and show distinctive gene expression patterns remarkably correlate to O2 concentrations. Using RNA sequencing, it is found that time-dependent regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling enables cell survival and clustering in the high stress microenvironments. Various extracellular matrix modulators orchestrate hypoxia-driven endothelial cell clustering. Finally, clustering is facilitated by regulators of cell-cell interactions, mainly vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Taken together, novel regulators of hypoxic cluster-based vasculogenesis are identified, and evidence for the utility of a unique platform is provided to study dynamic cellular responses to 3D hypoxic environments, with broad applicability in development, regeneration, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Blatchley
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringInstitute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Franklyn Hall
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringInstitute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Dimitris Ntekoumes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringInstitute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringInstitute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Vidur Kailash
- Department of BiophysicsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Rafael Vazquez‐Duhalt
- Department of BionanotechnologyCenter for Nanosciences and NanotechnologyNational Autonomous University of MexicoEnsenadaBaja California22800Mexico
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringInstitute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
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Gerges I, Tamplenizza M, Martello F, Koman S, Chincarini G, Recordati C, Tamplenizza M, Guelcher S, Crestani M, Tocchio A. Conditioning the microenvironment for soft tissue regeneration in a cell free scaffold. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13310. [PMID: 34172806 PMCID: PMC8233309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cell-free scaffolds for the regeneration of clinically relevant volumes of soft tissue has been challenged, particularly in the case of synthetic biomaterials, by the difficulty of reconciling the manufacturing and biological performance requirements. Here, we investigated in vivo the importance of biomechanical and biochemical cues for conditioning the 3D regenerative microenvironment towards soft tissue formation. In particular, we evaluated the adipogenesis changes related to 3D mechanical properties by creating a gradient of 3D microenvironments with different stiffnesses using 3D Poly(Urethane-Ester-ether) PUEt scaffolds. Our results showed a significant increase in adipose tissue proportions while decreasing the stiffness of the 3D mechanical microenvironment. This mechanical conditioning effect was also compared with biochemical manipulation by loading extracellular matrices (ECMs) with a PPAR-γ activating molecule. Notably, results showed mechanical and biochemical conditioning equivalency in promoting adipose tissue formation in the conditions tested, suggesting that adequate mechanical signaling could be sufficient to boost adipogenesis by influencing tissue remodeling. Overall, this work could open a new avenue in the design of synthetic 3D scaffolds for microenvironment conditioning towards the regeneration of large volumes of soft and adipose tissue, with practical and direct implications in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Camilla Recordati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Scott Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB 351604, Nashville, TN, 37235-1604, USA
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari - DiSFeB, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Dabrowska A, Milewska A, Ner-Kluza J, Suder P, Pyrc K. Mass Spectrometry versus Conventional Techniques of Protein Detection: Zika Virus NS3 Protease Activity towards Cellular Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123732. [PMID: 34207340 PMCID: PMC8234618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) used in proteomic approaches is able to detect hundreds of proteins in a single assay. Although undeniable high analytical power of MS, data acquired sometimes lead to confusing results, especially during a search of very selective, unique interactions in complex biological matrices. Here, we would like to show an example of such confusing data, providing an extensive discussion on the observed phenomenon. Our investigations focus on the interaction between the Zika virus NS3 protease, which is essential for virus replication. This enzyme is known for helping to remodel the microenvironment of the infected cells. Several reports show that this protease can process cellular substrates and thereby modify cellular pathways that are important for the virus. Herein, we explored some of the targets of NS3, clearly shown by proteomic techniques, as processed during infection. Unfortunately, we could not confirm the biological relevance of protein targets for viral infections detected by MS. Thus, although mass spectrometry is highly sensitive and useful in many instances, also being able to show directions where cell/virus interaction occurs, we believe that deep recognition of their biological role is essential to receive complete insight into the investigated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dabrowska
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (A.M.)
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Milewska
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (A.M.)
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Ner-Kluza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (K.P.); Tel.: +48-12-617-50-83 (P.S.); +48-12-664-61-21 (K.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (K.P.); Tel.: +48-12-617-50-83 (P.S.); +48-12-664-61-21 (K.P.)
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Wang S, Xu Y, Yu XW. Micro-Aqueous Organic System: A Neglected Model in Computational Lipase Design? Biomolecules 2021; 11:848. [PMID: 34200257 PMCID: PMC8226779 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water content is an important factor in lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic media but is frequently ignored in the study of lipases by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In this study, Candida antarctica lipase B, Candida rugosa lipase and Rhizopus chinensis lipase were used as research models to explore the mechanisms of lipase in micro-aqueous organic solvent (MAOS) media. MD simulations indicated that lipases in MAOS systems showed unique conformations distinguished from those seen in non-aqueous organic solvent systems. The position of water molecules aggregated on the protein surface in MAOS media is the major determinant of the unique conformations of lipases and particularly impacts the distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids on the lipase surface. Additionally, two maxima were observed in the water-lipase radial distribution function in MAOS systems, implying the formation of two water shells around lipase in these systems. The energy landscapes of lipases along solvent accessible areas of catalytic residues and the minimum energy path indicated the dynamic open states of lipases in MAOS systems differ from those in other solvent environments. This study confirmed the necessity of considering the influence of the microenvironment on MD simulations of lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.W.); (Y.X.)
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16
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Augustine R, Dan P, Hasan A, Khalaf IM, Prasad P, Ghosal K, Gentile C, McClements L, Maureira P. Stem cell-based approaches in cardiac tissue engineering: controlling the microenvironment for autologous cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111425. [PMID: 33756154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cardiac tissue engineering strategies focusing on biomaterial scaffolds incorporating cells and growth factors are emerging as highly promising for cardiac repair and regeneration. The use of stem cells within cardiac microengineered tissue constructs present an inherent ability to differentiate into cell types of the human heart. Stem cells derived from various tissues including bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue and umbilical cord can be used for this purpose. Approaches ranging from stem cell injections, stem cell spheroids, cell encapsulation in a suitable hydrogel, use of prefabricated scaffold and bioprinting technology are at the forefront in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. The stem cell microenvironment plays a key role in the maintenance of stemness and/or differentiation into cardiac specific lineages. This review provides a detailed overview of the recent advances in microengineering of autologous stem cell-based tissue engineering platforms for the repair of damaged cardiac tissue. A particular emphasis is given to the roles played by the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating the physiological response of stem cells within cardiac tissue engineering platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Pan Dan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Parvathy Prasad
- International and Inter University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France
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17
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Qian X, Zhang Y, Tao J, Niu R, Song S, Wang C, Peng X, Chen F. Acidosis induces synovial fibroblasts to release vascular endothelial growth factor via acid-sensitive ion channel 1a. J Transl Med 2021; 101:280-291. [PMID: 32826932 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensitive ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is a member of the extracellular H+ activated cation channel family. Studies have shown that tissue acidification contributes to the formation of microvessels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of tissue acidification in microvascular formation of arthritic synovial tissue and the effect of ASIC1a on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from arthritic synovial tissue. Our results indicate that ASIC1a expression, VEGF expression, and microvessel density (MVD) are elevated in RA synovial tissue and adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat synovial tissue. When AA rats were treated with ASIC1a-specific blocker psalmotoxin-1 (PcTx-1), the expression of ASIC1a, VEGF expression, and MVD were all reduced. Acidification of RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) can promote the release of VEGF. PcTx-1 and ASIC1a-short hairpin RNA can inhibit acid-induced release of VEGF. In addition, the ASIC1a overexpression vector can promote acid-induced VEGF release. This indicates that extracellular acidification induces the release of VEGF by RASF via ASIC1a. These findings suggest that blocking ASIC1a mediates the release of VEGF from synoviocytes may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Qian
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jingjing Tao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ruowen Niu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Sujing Song
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoqing Peng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Feihu Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Somarakis A, Van Unen V, Koning F, Lelieveldt B, Hollt T. ImaCytE: Visual Exploration of Cellular Micro-Environments for Imaging Mass Cytometry Data. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2021; 27:98-110. [PMID: 31369380 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2019.2931299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue functionality is determined by the characteristics of tissue-resident cells and their interactions within their microenvironment. Imaging Mass Cytometry offers the opportunity to distinguish cell types with high precision and link them to their spatial location in intact tissues at sub-cellular resolution. This technology produces large amounts of spatially-resolved high-dimensional data, which constitutes a serious challenge for the data analysis. We present an interactive visual analysis workflow for the end-to-end analysis of Imaging Mass Cytometry data that was developed in close collaboration with domain expert partners. We implemented the presented workflow in an interactive visual analysis tool; ImaCytE. Our workflow is designed to allow the user to discriminate cell types according to their protein expression profiles and analyze their cellular microenvironments, aiding in the formulation or verification of hypotheses on tissue architecture and function. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our workflow and ImaCytE through a case study performed by a collaborating specialist.
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19
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Zemkewicz JL, Akwii RG, Mikelis CM, Doçi CL. Investigating Epidermal Interactions Through an In Vivo Cutaneous Wound-Healing Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2193:1-11. [PMID: 32808253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0845-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is an intricate and multifaceted process. Despite these complexities, the distinct phases of wound healing provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the roles of different targets in these coordinated responses. This protocol details an in vivo wound healing assay to study the intersection of cellular, molecular, and systemic effector pathways. The role of certain proteins in the wound healing process can be efficiently explored in vivo through the generation of tissue-specific deficient mice. This approach, although optimized for use with animal models displaying epithelial deficiencies, can be used for other tissue-specific deficiencies, and utilizes simple and cost-effective methods, allowing investigators to precisely devise their experimental design. The coordination of immunological, epithelial, vascular, and microenvironmental factors in wound healing makes this technique a valuable tool for investigators across fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Zemkewicz
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Racheal G Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Colleen L Doçi
- College of Health Professions, Marian University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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20
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Li L, Liao J, Yuan Q, Hong X, Li J, Peng Y, He M, Zhu H, Zhu M, Hou FF, Fu H, Liu Y. Fibrillin-1-enriched microenvironment drives endothelial injury and vascular rarefaction in chronic kidney disease. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/5/eabc7170. [PMID: 33571112 PMCID: PMC7840119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell injury leading to microvascular rarefaction is a characteristic feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the mechanism underlying endothelial cell dropout is poorly defined. Here, we show a central role of the extracellular microenvironment in controlling endothelial cell survival and proliferation in CKD. When cultured on a decellularized kidney tissue scaffold (KTS) from fibrotic kidney, endothelial cells increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins. Proteomics profiling identified fibrillin-1 (FBN1) as a key component of the fibrotic KTS, which was up-regulated in animal models and patients with CKD. FBN1 induced apoptosis of endothelial cells and inhibited their proliferation in vitro. RNA sequencing uncovered activated integrin αvβ6/transforming growth factor-β signaling, and blocking this pathway abolished FBN1-triggered endothelial injury. In a mouse model of CKD, depletion of FBN1 ameliorated renal fibrotic lesions and mitigated vascular rarefaction. These studies illustrate that FBN1 plays a role in mediating vascular rarefaction by orchestrating a hostile microenvironment for endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The 924th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Guilin, China
| | - Yiling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meizhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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A Abdel Jaleel G, A Al-Awdan S, F Ahmed R, A H Ahmed-Farid O, Saleh DO. Melatonin regulates neurodegenerative complications associated with NAFLD via enhanced neurotransmission and cellular integrity: a correlational study. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1251-1261. [PMID: 32696189 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized globally as the leading cause of chronic liver diseases whose patients are asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally. It increases the rate of mortality which is usually related to cardiovascular events; however, scarce attention has been addressed to brain damage. This study was designed to investigate the impact of melatonin (MEL; 10 mg/kg) on overcoming the hepato and neuro-complications associated with high fat, high fructose (HFHF) diet induced-NAFLD in rats. NAFLD was induced by HFHF diet for 8 consecutive weeks. MEL was given orally for the last 10 days. Rats' general behavior was assessed by; open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST). On biochemical level; serum levels of glucose, insulin, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase as well as the hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol were evaluated. Monoamines' brain levels, their metabolites in addition to the brain level of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were evaluated. Moreover, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NOx) were measured in both the liver and brain tissues. Oral treatment of NAFLD induced rats with MEL for ten consecutive days managed to increase the activity of the rats in the OFT and decrease the immobility period in the FST. Moreover, MEL reduced monoamines turnover and elevated brain 8-OHdG level. It also had the ability to counteract the elevated levels of GSH, NOx, MDA, and TNF- α in liver and brain tissues. MEL can be suggested to be a promising candidate for treating the neuronal side effects related to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad A Abdel Jaleel
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Sally A Al-Awdan
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Rania F Ahmed
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Omar A H Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia O Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt.
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22
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Gaffke L, Pierzynowska K, Krzelowska K, Piotrowska E, Węgrzyn G. Changes in expressions of genes involved in the regulation of cellular processes in mucopolysaccharidoses as assessed by fibroblast culture-based transcriptomic analyses. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1353-1360. [PMID: 32886284 PMCID: PMC7584551 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that apart from lysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), secondary and tertiary changes in cellular processes may significantly contribute to development of disorders and symptoms occurring in mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), a group of lysosomal storage diseases in which neurodegeneration is specific for most types and subtypes. In this report, using transcriptomic data, we demonstrate that regulation of hundreds of genes coding for proteins involved in regulations of various cellular processes is changed in cells derived from patients suffering from all types and subtypes of MPS. Among such genes there are 10 which expression is significantly changed in 9 or more (out of 11) MPS types/subtypes; they include IER3IP1, SAR1A, TMEM38B, PLCB4, SIN3B, ABHD5, SH3BP5, CAPG, PCOLCE2, and MN1. Moreover, there are several genes whose expression is changed over log2 > 4 times in some MPS types relative to control cells. The above analysis indicates that significant changes in expression of genes coding for various regulators of cellular processes may considerably contribute to development of cellular dysfunctions, and further appearance of specific symptoms of MPS, including neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Krzelowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Abstract
The success of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has created optimism that cancers may be curable. However, not all patients respond, drug resistance is common and many patients relapse owing to dormant cancer cells. These rare and elusive cells can disseminate early and hide in specialized niches in distant organs before being reactivated to cause disease relapse after successful treatment of the primary tumour. Despite their importance, we are yet to leverage knowledge generated from experimental models and translate the potential of targeting dormant cancer cells to prevent disease relapse in the clinic. This is due, at least in part, to the lack of adherence to consensus definitions by researchers, limited models that faithfully recapitulate this stage of metastatic spread and an absence of interdisciplinary approaches. However, the application of new high-resolution, single-cell technologies is starting to revolutionize the field and transcend classical reductionist models of studying individual cell types or genes in isolation to provide a global view of the complex underlying cellular ecosystem and transcriptional landscape that controls dormancy. In this Perspective, we synthesize some of these recent advances to describe the hallmarks of cancer cell dormancy and how the dormant cancer cell life cycle offers opportunities to target not only the cancer but also its environment to achieve a durable cure for seemingly incurable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Giang Phan
- Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter I Croucher
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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24
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Grover HM, Smith PM, Ferguson AV. Phoenixin influences the excitability of nucleus of the solitary tract neurones, effects which are modified by environmental and glucocorticoid stress. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12855. [PMID: 32436241 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phoenixin (PNX) is a neuropeptide shown to play roles in the control of reproduction. The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), a critical autonomic integrating centre in the hindbrain, is one of many areas with dense expression of PNX. Using coronal NTS slices obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats, the present study characterised the effects of PNX on both spike frequency and membrane potential of NTS neurones. Extracellular recordings demonstrated that bath-applied 10 nmol L-1 PNX increased the firing frequency in 32% of NTS neurones, effects which were confirmed with patch-clamp recordings showing that 50% of NTS neurones tested depolarised in response to application of the peptide. Surprisingly, the responsiveness to PNX in NTS neurones then declined suddenly to 9% (P < 0.001). This effect was subsequently attributed to stress associated with construction in our animal care facility because PNX responsiveness was again observed in slices from rats delivered and maintained in a construction-free facility. We then examined whether this loss of PNX responsiveness could be replicated in rats placed on a chronic stress regimen involving ongoing corticosterone (CORT) treatment in the construction-free facility. Slices from animals treated in this way showed a similar lack of neuronal responsiveness to PNX (9.1 ± 3.9%) within 2 weeks of CORT treatment. These effects were specific to PNX responsiveness because CORT treatment had no effect on the responsiveness of NTS neurones to angiotensin II. These results are the first to implicate PNX with respect to directly controlling the excitability of NTS neurones and also provide intriguing data showing the plasticity of these effects associated with environmental and glucocorticoid stress levels of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Grover
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Pauline M Smith
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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25
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Abstract
Stem cells have the potential to advance therapy for many neurological diseases that are currently refractive to treatment. They are also key cellular players in homeostasis within several adult brain regions that host endogenous populations of neural stem cells. Investigations of the functions of stem cells in the adult CNS have historically approached these cells as sources of differentiated progeny, whether it be new neurons or new glial cells. Yet, as both basic research and pre-clinical efforts centered on stem cells in the brain push forward, it has become evident that this initial framework is incomplete. Emerging evidence indicates that stem and progenitor cells from a variety of tissues can regulate their microenvironment through production of secreted factors. This special issue highlights work investigating the role of the neural and non-neural stem cell secretome in regulating CNS function. These studies represent efforts both to more fully delineate the suite of factors secreted by stem cells and to evaluate its impact on CNS health and disease. Together, they demonstrate a broad potential for stem cell function through secreted proteins that urges continued basic and translational research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Rieskamp
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Kirby
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Brain Injury, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, United States.
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26
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Chou CH, Modo M. Characterization of gene expression changes in human neural stem cells and endothelial cells modeling a neurovascular microenvironment. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:9-19. [PMID: 32092433 PMCID: PMC7103513 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis-mediated neovascularization correlates with recovery after intracerebral implantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in stroke. To elucidate NSCs' mechanism of action, it is essential to understand how these interact with the brain's vasculature after implantation. Using an all-human endothelial cell (EC, D3 cell line) and NSC (STROC05 and CTXOE03) co-culture model, fluorescently activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to isolate each cell type for a comparison of gene expression between monocultures of undifferentiated proliferating and differentiated non-proliferating cells. Gene expression for angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, angiopoietin), as well as cell survival (brain derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor) and migration (stromal cell-derived factor-1a) were measured and contrasted with the corresponding receptors on each cell type. The cellular source of extracellular matrix defining the basement membrane (vitronectin, fibronectin, laminin, collagen I and IV) and neuropil (hyaluronic acid, aggrecan, neurocan, thrombospondin, nidogen and brain associated link protein-1) was evaluated for NSCs and ECs. Co-culturing dramatically changed the expression profiles of each cell type in comparison to undifferentiated, but also differentiated cells. These results indicate that monocultures provide a poor model to investigate the cellular signaling involved in a tissue repair response. Co-cultures of NSCs and ECs forming vasculature-like structures (VLS) provide a more complex model to investigate NSC-induced neovascularization. These in vitro studies are essential to tease out individual cell signaling in NSCs and ECs to develop a mechanistic understanding of the efficacy of NSCs as a therapeutic for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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Liu A, Zhang L, Fei D, Guo H, Wu M, Liu J, He X, Zhang Y, Xuan K, Li B. Sensory nerve-deficient microenvironment impairs tooth homeostasis by inducing apoptosis of dental pulp stem cells. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12803. [PMID: 32246537 PMCID: PMC7260073 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the role of sensory nerve in tooth homeostasis and its effect on mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) in dental pulp. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established the rat denervated incisor models to identify the morphological and histological changes of tooth. The groups were as follows: IANx (inferior alveolar nerve section), SCGx (superior cervical ganglion removal), IANx + SCGx and Sham group. The biological behaviour of dental pulp stromal/stem cells (DPSCs) was evaluated. Finally, we applied activin B to DPSCs from sensory nerve-deficient microenvironment to analyse the changes of proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS Incisor of IANx and IANx + SCGx groups exhibited obvious disorganized tooth structure, while SCGx group only showed slight decrease of dentin thickness, implying sensory nerve, not sympathetic nerve, contributes to the tooth homeostasis. Moreover, we found sensory nerve injury led to disfunction of DPSCs via activin B/SMAD2/3 signalling in vitro. Supplementing activin B promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis of DPSCs in sensory nerve-deficient microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS This research first demonstrates that sensory nerve-deficient microenvironment impairs tooth haemostasis by inducing apoptosis of DPSCs via activin B/SMAD2/3 signalling. Our study provides the evidence for the crucial role of sensory nerve in tooth homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- An‐Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
- Department of Orthodontic DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Li‐Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
- Department of Orthodontic DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Dong‐Dong Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
- Department of Periodontic DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
- Department of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Mei‐Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
- Department of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Xiao‐Ning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Yong‐Jie Zhang
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Kun Xuan
- Department of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
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28
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Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, in particular its stiffness, are known to impact cell migration. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of a single cell migrating on an elastic matrix, which accounts for the deformation of the matrix induced by forces exerted by the cell, and investigate how the stiffness impacts the direction and speed of migration. We model a cell in 1D as a nucleus connected to a number of adhesion sites through elastic springs. The cell migrates by randomly updating the position of its adhesion sites. We start by investigating the case where the cell springs are constant, and then go on to assuming that they depend on the matrix stiffness, on matrices of both uniform stiffness as well as those with a stiffness gradient. We find that the assumption that cell springs depend on the substrate stiffness is necessary and sufficient for an efficient durotactic response. We compare simulations to recent experimental observations of human cancer cells exhibiting durotaxis, which show good qualitative agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - B Wennberg
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Gerlee
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Lin KH, Chiang JC, Ho YH, Yao CL, Lee H. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Hematopoiesis: From Microenvironmental Effects to Intracellular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062015. [PMID: 32188052 PMCID: PMC7139687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate hematopoiesis is a complex physiological process that is tightly regulated by intracellular signaling and extracellular microenvironment. In recent decades, breakthroughs in lineage-tracing technologies and lipidomics have revealed the existence of numerous lipid molecules in hematopoietic microenvironment. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid molecule, is one of the identified lipids that participates in hematopoiesis. LPA exhibits various physiological functions through activation of G-protein-coupled receptors. The functions of these LPARs have been widely studied in stem cells, while the roles of LPARs in hematopoietic stem cells have rarely been examined. Nonetheless, mounting evidence supports the importance of the LPA-LPAR axis in hematopoiesis. In this article, we have reviewed regulation of hematopoiesis in general and focused on the microenvironmental and intracellular effects of the LPA in hematopoiesis. Discoveries in these areas may be beneficial to our understanding of blood-related disorders, especially in the context of prevention and therapy for anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (J.-C.C.)
| | - Jui-Chung Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (J.-C.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ya-Hsuan Ho
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK;
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan;
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (J.-C.C.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +8862-3366-2499; Fax: +8862-2363-6837
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30
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Marinho TDS, Borges CC, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Intermittent fasting benefits on alpha- and beta-cell arrangement in diet-induced obese mice pancreatic islet. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107497. [PMID: 31866258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is a pancreatic islet adaptation in obese subjects, resulting in insulin resistance and diabetes type 2. We studied the effect of intermittent fasting (IntF) on the islet structure of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS Three-month-old male mice fed a control diet (C, 10% Kcal fat) or a high-fat diet (HF, 50% Kcal fat) for two months (n = 20 each group). Then, half of each group did IntF (alternating 24 h fed/24 h fast), continuing in their diets four more weeks: C, C-IntF, HF, HF-IntF. Islets were prepared to microscopy or isolated for molecular analysis. RESULTS HF group (vs. C group) showed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, hypoadiponectinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and islet hypertrophy with a consequent higher both the alpha-cell and beta-cell masses. In the HF group (vs. C), there was low PDX1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1), and IntF did not alter PDX1. There was a low p-AKT/AKT ratio (protein kinase B), and IntF enhanced it. Also, tumor suppressor p53 was increased, and IntF decreased it. IL (interleukin) -6 was higher in the HF group (vs. C), and HF-IntF (vs. C-IntF). Any significant change in NFkB was seen among groups. CONCLUSIONS IntF improves pancreatic islet structure in DIO mice, even with continued HF diet intake, primarily considering on the alpha- and beta-cell masses regulation, then improving insulin signaling and decreasing cell apoptosis. Future research should explore whether the shortening of the IntF extend could maintain the benefits observed in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatiany de Souza Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celina Carvalho Borges
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Zhang K, Bai X, Yuan Z, Cao X, Jiao X, Qin Y, Wen Y, Zhang X. Cellular Nanofiber Structure with Secretory Activity-Promoting Characteristics for Multicellular Spheroid Formation and Hair Follicle Regeneration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:7931-7941. [PMID: 32003218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids can mimic the in vivo microenvironment and maintain the unique functions of tissues, which has attracted great attention in tissue engineering. However, the traditional culture microenvironment with structural deficiencies complicates the culture and collection process and tends to lose the function of multicellular spheroids with the increase of cell passage. In order to construct efficient and functional multicellular spheroids, in this study, a chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber sponge which has an open-cell cellular structure is obtained. The hair follicle (HF) regeneration model was employed to evaluate HF-inducing ability of dermal papilla (DP) multicellular spheroids which formed on the cellular structure nanofiber sponge. Through structural fine-tuning, the nanofiber sponge has appropriate elasticity for the creation of a three-dimensional dynamic microenvironment to regulate cellular behavior. The cellular structure nanofiber sponge tilts the balance of cell-substratum and cell-cell interactions to a state which is more conducive to the formation of controllable multicellular spheroids in a short time. More importantly, it improves the secretory activity of high-passaged dermal papilla cells and restores their intrinsic properties. Experiments using BALB/c nude mice show that cultured DP multicellular spheroids could effectively enhance HF-inducing ability. This novel system provides a simple and efficient strategy for multicellular spheroid formation and HF regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Xiufeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 15 Datun Road , Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Zhipeng Yuan
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Xintao Cao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 15 Datun Road , Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiangyu Jiao
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 15 Datun Road , Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
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32
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Min S, Kim S, Cho SW. Gastrointestinal tract modeling using organoids engineered with cellular and microbiota niches. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:227-237. [PMID: 32103122 PMCID: PMC7062772 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of organoid technology has attracted great attention in gastroenterology because the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can be recapitulated in vitro using organoids, enabling disease modeling and mechanistic studies. However, to more precisely emulate the GI microenvironment in vivo, several neighboring cell types and types of microbiota need to be integrated into GI organoids. This article reviews the recent progress made in elucidating the crosstalk between GI organoids and components of their microenvironment. We outline the effects of stromal cells (such as fibroblasts, neural cells, immune cells, and vascular cells) on the gastric and intestinal epithelia of organoids. Because of the important roles that microbiota play in the physiology and function of the GI tract, we also highlight interactions between organoids and commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms and viruses. GI organoid models that contain niche components will provide new insight into gastroenterological pathophysiology and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suran Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The abnormalities of early post-implantation embryos can lead to early pregnancy loss and many other syndromes. However, it is hard to study embryos after implantation due to the limited accessibility. The success of embryo culture in vitro can avoid the challenges of embryonic development in vivo and provide a powerful research platform for research in developmental biology. The biophysical and chemical cues of the microenvironments impart significant spatiotemporal effects on embryonic development. Here, we summarize the main strategies which enable researchers to grow embryos outside of the body while overcoming the implantation barrier, highlight the roles of engineered microenvironments in regulating early embryonic development, and finally discuss the future challenges and new insights of early embryo culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gu
- School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Armstrong C. The architecture and spatial organization of the living human body as revealed by intratissular endoscopy - An osteopathic perspective. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 24:138-146. [PMID: 31987534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of research conducted by Dr Jean-Claude Guimberteau into the architecture and spatial organization of living matter and the relationship between the cells and the extracellular matrix. His research is discussed in the context of previous and current research into fascial anatomy. Andrew Taylor Still, the founder of Osteopathy, did not have access to modern research and yet his observations are proving to be surprisingly accurate in the light of recent findings. This article sets out to highlight the relevance of his insights from a purely anatomical perspective, and to draw parallels with a new way of thinking about the architecture of the living human body that is slowly emerging. Dr Guimberteau's research shows that a force applied to the surface of the skin is transmitted deep into living tissue via a continuous bodywide multifibrillar network. It also confirms the concept of the body as a dynamic functional unit, as proposed by A.T. Still. Still also proposed that structure and function are interrelated at all levels within the living human body. There is a growing body of research to support this. Intratissular endoscopy has highlighted the importance of the quality of the mobility and adaptability of the network of collagen and elastin fibers that structures the ECM in healthy living tissue. Factors such as abnormal stiffness of collagen fibers in the ECM are thought to have adverse effects on local tissue health.
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Valerius O, Asif AR, Beißbarth T, Bohrer R, Dihazi H, Feussner K, Jahn O, Majcherczyk A, Schmidt B, Schmitt K, Urlaub H, Lenz C. Mapping Cellular Microenvironments: Proximity Labeling and Complexome Profiling (Seventh Symposium of the Göttingen Proteomics Forum). Cells 2019; 8:cells8101192. [PMID: 31581721 PMCID: PMC6830108 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics methods are finding increasing use in structural biology research. Beyond simple interaction networks, information about stable protein-protein complexes or spatially proximal proteins helps to elucidate the biological functions of proteins in a wider cellular context. To shed light on new developments in this field, the Göttingen Proteomics Forum organized a one-day symposium focused on complexome profiling and proximity labeling, two emerging technologies that are gaining significant attention in biomolecular research. The symposium was held in Göttingen, Germany on 23 May, 2019, as part of a series of regular symposia organized by the Göttingen Proteomics Forum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Valerius
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Abdul R Asif
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Rainer Bohrer
- Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung mbH Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hassan Dihazi
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Andrzej Majcherczyk
- Büsgen Institute, Section Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Georg August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Schmidt
- Institute for Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- DFG Collaborative Research Centre SFB1190 "Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells", 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christof Lenz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- DFG Collaborative Research Centre SFB1190 "Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells", 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Jana A, Nookaew I, Singh J, Behkam B, Franco AT, Nain AS. Crosshatch nanofiber networks of tunable interfiber spacing induce plasticity in cell migration and cytoskeletal response. FASEB J 2019; 33:10618-10632. [PMID: 31225977 PMCID: PMC6766658 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical cues within tissue microenvironments are critical for maintaining homeostasis, and their disruption can contribute to malignant transformation and metastasis. Once transformed, metastatic cancer cells can migrate persistently by adapting (plasticity) to changes in the local fibrous extracellular matrix, and current strategies to recapitulate persistent migration rely exclusively on the use of aligned geometries. Here, the controlled interfiber spacing in suspended crosshatch networks of nanofibers induces cells to exhibit plasticity in migratory behavior (persistent and random) and the associated cytoskeletal arrangement. At dense spacing (3 and 6 µm), unexpectedly, elongated cells migrate persistently (in 1 dimension) at high speeds in 3-dimensional shapes with thick nuclei, and short focal adhesion cluster (FAC) lengths. With increased spacing (18 and 36 µm), cells attain 2-dimensional morphologies, have flattened nuclei and longer FACs, and migrate randomly by rapidly detaching their trailing edges that strain the nuclei by ∼35%. At 54-µm spacing, kite-shaped cells become near stationary. Poorly developed filamentous actin stress fibers are found only in cells on 3-µm networks. Gene-expression profiling shows a decrease in transcriptional potential and a differential up-regulation of metabolic pathways. The consistency in observed phenotypes across cell lines supports using this platform to dissect hallmarks of plasticity in migration in vitro.-Jana, A., Nookaew, I., Singh, J., Behkam, B., Franco, A. T., Nain, A. S. Crosshatch nanofiber networks of tunable interfiber spacing induce plasticity in cell migration and cytoskeletal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Jana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jugroop Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Aime T. Franco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amrinder S. Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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37
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Leonel C, Sena IFG, Silva WN, Prazeres PHDM, Fernandes GR, Mancha Agresti P, Martins Drumond M, Mintz A, Azevedo VAC, Birbrair A. Staphylococcus epidermidis role in the skin microenvironment. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5949-5955. [PMID: 31278859 PMCID: PMC6714221 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex dynamic physiological process in response to cutaneous destructive stimuli that aims to restore the cutaneous' barrier role. Deciphering the underlying mechanistic details that contribute to wound healing will create novel therapeutic strategies for skin repair. Recently, by using state-of-the-art technologies, it was revealed that the cutaneous microbiota interact with skin immune cells. Strikingly, commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced CD8+ T cells induce re-epithelization of the skin after injury, accelerating wound closure. From a drug development perspective, the microbiota may provide new therapeutic candidate molecules to accelerate skin healing. Here, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in the understanding of the microbiota in the skin microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Leonel
- Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrasil
| | - Isadora F. G. Sena
- Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrasil
| | - Walison N. Silva
- Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrasil
| | | | | | - Pamela Mancha Agresti
- Departamento de Biologia GeralUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrasil
| | | | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of RadiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Vasco A. C. Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia GeralUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrasil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrasil
- Department of RadiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
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38
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Abstract
Tissue engineered systems are important models for the testing and discovery of therapeutics against a number of diseases. The use of these models in vitro can expand both our understanding of the mechanisms behind disease and allow for higher throughput and personalized modeling of therapeutic response. Over the past decade there has been an explosion of models of neurological disorders that can be used in vitro to study new therapies against devastating neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuro-oncological disease. These models span several types of engineered microenvironments which are produced using microfluidic devices, microtissue technology and/or the incorporation of biomaterial scaffolds to model neurological conditions such as; Alzheimer's disease, idiopathic autism, Parkinson's disease, Zika-induced microcephaly and neoplasms. Using engineered brain microenvironments, therapeutics can be tested in more physiologically relevant ways leading to new knowledge of the underlying causes and interactions occurring at the tissue level. However, much is still left to learn and model within these systems to make them truly valuable in the discovery and testing of novel therapies. Here we review the current state of the art of engineered brain microenvironments being used specifically to screen and test new therapeutic strategies and discuss the current benefits and limitations that still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsley M Tate
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
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Malandrino A, Trepat X, Kamm RD, Mak M. Dynamic filopodial forces induce accumulation, damage, and plastic remodeling of 3D extracellular matrices. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006684. [PMID: 30958816 PMCID: PMC6472805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM)–a complex, 3D, fibrillar scaffold of cells in physiological environments–modulate cell behavior and can drive tissue morphogenesis, regeneration, and disease progression. For simplicity, it is often convenient to assume these properties to be time-invariant. In living systems, however, cells dynamically remodel the ECM and create time-dependent local microenvironments. Here, we show how cell-generated contractile forces produce substantial irreversible changes to the density and architecture of physiologically relevant ECMs–collagen I and fibrin–in a matter of minutes. We measure the 3D deformation profiles of the ECM surrounding cancer and endothelial cells during stages when force generation is active or inactive. We further correlate these ECM measurements to both discrete fiber simulations that incorporate fiber crosslink unbinding kinetics and continuum-scale simulations that account for viscoplastic and damage features. Our findings further confirm that plasticity, as a mechanical law to capture remodeling in these networks, is fundamentally tied to material damage via force-driven unbinding of fiber crosslinks. These results characterize in a multiscale manner the dynamic nature of the mechanical environment of physiologically mimicking cell-in-gel systems. Many cells in the body are surrounded by a 3D extracellular matrix of interconnected protein fibers. The density and architecture of this protein fiber network can play important roles in controlling cell behavior. Deregulated biophysical properties of the extracellular environment are observed in diseases such as cancer. We demonstrate, through an integrated computational and experimental study, that cell-generated dynamic local forces rapidly and mechanically remodel the matrix, creating a non-homogeneous, densified region around the cell. This substantially increases extracellular matrix protein concentration in the vicinity of cells and alters matrix mechanical properties over time, creating a new microenvironment. Cells are known to respond to both biochemical and biomechanical properties of their surroundings. Our findings show that for mechanically active cells that exert dynamic forces onto the extracellular matrix, the physical properties of the surrounding environment that they sense are dynamic, and these dynamic properties should be taken into consideration in studies involving cell-matrix interactions, such as 3D traction force microscopy experiments in physiologically relevant environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Malandrino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (AM); (RDK); (MM)
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AM); (RDK); (MM)
| | - Michael Mak
- Yale University, Biomedical Engineering Department, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AM); (RDK); (MM)
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40
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Zhao B, Zhou C, Wen Y, Xu X. High-fat and high-glucose microenvironment decreases Runx2 and TAZ expression and inhibits bone regeneration in the mouse. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:55. [PMID: 30777111 PMCID: PMC6380030 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperlipidemia are negatively related to bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-fat and high-glucose microenvironment on bone regeneration and to detect the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding domain (TAZ) during this process. METHODS After establishing a high-fat and high-glucose mouse model, a 1 mm × 1.5 mm bone defect was developed in the mandible. On days 7, 14, and 28 after operation, bone regeneration was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, TRAP staining, and immunohistochemistry, while Runx2 and TAZ expression were detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that the inhibition of bone regeneration in high-fat and high-glucose group was the highest among the four groups. In addition, the expression of Runx2 in high-fat, high-glucose, and high-fat and high-glucose groups was weaker than that in the control group, but the expression of TAZ only showed a decreasing trend in the high-fat and high-glucose group during bone regeneration. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results suggest that high-fat and high-glucose microenvironment inhibits bone regeneration, which may be related to the inhibition of Runx2 and TAZ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Yixiao Xing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
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Abstract
With advantageous features such as minimizing the cost, time, and sample size requirements, organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems have garnered enormous interest from researchers for their ability for real-time monitoring of physical parameters by mimicking the in vivo microenvironment and the precise responses of xenobiotics, i.e., drug efficacy and toxicity over conventional two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, as well as animal models. Recent advancements of OOC systems have evidenced the fabrication of 'multi-organ-on-chip' (MOC) models, which connect separated organ chambers together to resemble an ideal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model for monitoring the complex interactions between multiple organs and the resultant dynamic responses of multiple organs to pharmaceutical compounds. Numerous varieties of MOC systems have been proposed, mainly focusing on the construction of these multi-organ models, while there are only few studies on how to realize continual, automated, and stable testing, which still remains a significant challenge in the development process of MOCs. Herein, this review emphasizes the recent advancements in realizing long-term testing of MOCs to promote their capability for real-time monitoring of multi-organ interactions and chronic cellular reactions more accurately and steadily over the available chip models. Efforts in this field are still ongoing for better performance in the assessment of preclinical attributes for a new chemical entity. Further, we give a brief overview on the various biomedical applications of long-term testing in MOCs, including several proposed applications and their potential utilization in the future. Finally, we summarize with perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China.
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42
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Abstract
Originally thought of as a stress response end point, the view of cellular senescence has since evolved into one encompassing a wide range of physiological and pathological functions, including both protumorignic and antitumorigenic features. It has also become evident that senescence is a highly dynamic and heterogenous process. Efforts to reconcile the beneficial and detrimental features of senescence suggest that physiological functions require the transient presence of senescent cells in the tissue microenvironment. Here, we propose the concept of a physiological "senescence life cycle," which has pathological consequences if not executed in its entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelyne Sue Li Chan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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43
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Ostblom J, Nazareth EJP, Tewary M, Zandstra PW. Context-explorer: Analysis of spatially organized protein expression in high-throughput screens. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006384. [PMID: 30601802 PMCID: PMC6331134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of the cellular microenvironment as a regulator of phenotypic and functional cellular responses to perturbations. We have previously developed cell patterning techniques to control population context parameters, and here we demonstrate context-explorer (CE), a software tool to improve investigation cell fate acquisitions through community level analyses. We demonstrate the capabilities of CE in the analysis of human and mouse pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs, mPSCs) patterned in colonies of defined geometries in multi-well plates. CE employs a density-based clustering algorithm to identify cell colonies. Using this automatic colony classification methodology, we reach accuracies comparable to manual colony counts in a fraction of the time, both in micropatterned and unpatterned wells. Classifying cells according to their relative position within a colony enables statistical analysis of spatial organization in protein expression within colonies. When applied to colonies of hPSCs, our analysis reveals a radial gradient in the expression of the transcription factors SOX2 and OCT4. We extend these analyses to colonies of different sizes and shapes and demonstrate how the metrics derived by CE can be used to asses the patterning fidelity of micropatterned plates. We have incorporated a number of features to enhance the usability and utility of CE. To appeal to a broad scientific community, all of the software’s functionality is accessible from a graphical user interface, and convenience functions for several common data operations are included. CE is compatible with existing image analysis programs such as CellProfiler and extends the analytical capabilities already provided by these tools. Taken together, CE facilitates investigation of spatially heterogeneous cell populations for fundamental research and drug development validation programs. Cell behavior is influenced by cues that cells receive from their surrounding environment such as signals secreted from other cells and cell-to-cell contact. These factors are spatially heterogeneous and cells at different positions within a colony will experience varying degrees of influence from such environmental cues. In vitro assays often do not allow control over environmental variables and there is a lack of easy to use software to investigate the effect of spatial variation in these factors. We have developed a software package to address this gap and facilitate the quantification of spatially heterogeneous cell responses. Our software accurately identifies colonies of cells within a well and individual cells can be grouped according to their position within these colonies, which enables quantification of cell response as a function of cellular location. To support broad scientific accessibility, the full functionality of the software is available through a graphical user interface. Using this software to analyze data from a screening-optimized micropatterning platform, we show that human pluripotent stem cell-derived colonies grown either under pluripotency maintenance or differentiation-inducing conditions exhibit cell responses that are dependent on spatial organization. This technology should enable more accurate and predictive context-dependent drug screening and cell-fate investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ostblom
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emanuel J. P. Nazareth
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mukul Tewary
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Medicine by Design, A Canada First Research Excellence Program at the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Chacko JV, Eliceiri KW. Autofluorescence lifetime imaging of cellular metabolism: Sensitivity toward cell density, pH, intracellular, and intercellular heterogeneity. Cytometry A 2019; 95:56-69. [PMID: 30296355 PMCID: PMC6329636 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) has greatly accelerated in the last decade, way past its origins in detecting endogenous signals in biological tissues to identify differences between samples. There are many endogenous fluorescence sources of contrast but the most robust and widely utilized have been those associated with metabolism. The intrinsically fluorescent metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ /NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD/FADH2 ) have been utilized in a number of AFI applications including basic research, clinical, and pharmaceutical studies. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has emerged as one of the more powerful AFI tools for NADH and FAD characterization due to its unique ability to noninvasively detect metabolite bound and free states and quantitate cellular redox ratio. However, despite this widespread biological use, many standardization methods are still needed to extend FLIM-based AFI into a fully robust research and clinical diagnostic tools. FLIM is sensitive to a wide range of factors in the fluorophore microenvironment, and there are a number of analysis variables as well. To this end, there has been an emphasis on developing imaging standards and ways to make the image acquisition and analysis more consistent. However, biological conditions during FLIM-based AFI imaging are rarely considered as key sources of FLIM variability. Here, we present several experimental factors with supporting data of the cellular microenvironment such as confluency, pH, inter-/intracellular heterogeneity, and choice of cell line that need to be considered for accurate quantitative FLIM-based AFI measurement of cellular metabolism. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenu V. Chacko
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison WI, USA
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Lam SF, Shirure VS, Chu YE, Soetikno AG, George SC. Microfluidic device to attain high spatial and temporal control of oxygen. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209574. [PMID: 30571786 PMCID: PMC6301786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have been successfully used to recreate in vitro biological microenvironments, including disease states. However, one constant issue for replicating microenvironments is that atmospheric oxygen concentration (21% O2) does not mimic physiological values (often around 5% O2). We have created a microfluidic device that can control both the spatial and temporal variations in oxygen tensions that are characteristic of in vivo biology. Additionally, since the microcirculation is responsive to hypoxia, we used a 3D sprouting angiogenesis assay to confirm the biological relevance of the microfluidic platform. Our device consists of three parallel connected tissue chambers and an oxygen scavenger channel placed adjacent to these tissue chambers. Experimentally measured oxygen maps were constructed using phosphorescent lifetime imaging microscopy and compared with values from a computational model. The central chamber was loaded with endothelial and fibroblast cells to form a 3D vascular network. Four to six days later, fibroblasts were loaded into the side chambers, and a day later the oxygen scavenger (sodium sulfite) was flowed through the adjacent channel to induce a spatial and temporal oxygen gradient. Our results demonstrate that both constant chronic and intermittent hypoxia can bias vessel growth, with constant chronic hypoxia showing higher degrees of biased angiogenesis. Our simple design provides consistent control of spatial and temporal oxygen gradients in the tissue microenvironment and can be used to investigate important oxygen-dependent biological processes in conditions such as cancer and ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra F. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Venktesh S. Shirure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yunli E. Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alan G. Soetikno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Steven C. George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Burmeister A, Hilgers F, Langner A, Westerwalbesloh C, Kerkhoff Y, Tenhaef N, Drepper T, Kohlheyer D, von Lieres E, Noack S, Grünberger A. A microfluidic co-cultivation platform to investigate microbial interactions at defined microenvironments. Lab Chip 2018; 19:98-110. [PMID: 30488920 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00977e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies interactions inside microbial communities bear a tremendous diversity of complex chemical processes that are by far not understood. Even for simplified, often synthetic systems, the interactions between two microbes are barely revealed in detail. Here, we present a microfluidic co-cultivation platform for the analysis of growth and interactions inside microbial consortia with single-cell resolution. Our device allows the spatial separation of two different microbial organisms inside adjacent microchambers facilitating sufficient exchange of metabolites via connecting nanochannels. Inside the cultivation chambers cell growth can be observed with high spatio-temporal resolution by live-cell imaging. In contrast to conventional approaches, in which single-cell activity is typically fully masked by the average bulk behavior, the small dimensions of the microfluidic cultivation chambers enable accurate environmental control and observation of cellular interactions with full spatio-temporal resolution. Our method enables one to study phenomena in microbial interactions, such as gene transfer or metabolic cross-feeding. We chose two different microbial model systems to demonstrate the wide applicability of the technology. First, we investigated commensalistic interactions between an industrially relevant l-lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum strain and an l-lysine auxotrophic variant of the same species. Spatially separated co-cultivation of both strains resulted in growth of the auxotrophic strain due to secreted l-lysine supplied by the producer strain. As a second example we investigated bacterial conjugation between Escherichia coli S17-1 and Pseudomonas putida KT2440 cells. We could show that direct cell contact is essential for the successful gene transfer via conjugation and was hindered when cells were spatially separated. The presented device lays the foundation for further studies on contactless and contact-based interactions of natural and synthetic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Burmeister
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Abstract
Diffusive molecular communication (DMC) is one of the most promising approaches for realizing nano-scale communications in biological environments for healthcare applications. In this paper, a DMC system in biological cylindrical environment is considered, inspired by blood vessel structures in the body. The internal surface of the cylinder boundary is assumed to be covered by the biological receptors which may irreversibly react with hitting molecules. Also, the information molecules diffusing in the fluid medium are subject to a degradation reaction and flow. The concentration Green's function of diffusion in this environment is analytically derived which takes into account asymmetry in all radial, axial, and azimuthal coordinates. Employing obtained Green's function, information channel between transmitter and transparent receiver of DMC is characterized. To evaluate the DMC system in the biological cylinder, a simple on-off keying modulation scheme is adopted and corresponding error probability is derived. The particle-based simulation results confirm the proposed analysis. Also, the effect of different system parameters on the concentration Green's function are examined. Our results reveal that the degradation reaction and the boundary covered by biological receptors may be utilized to mitigate intersymbol interference and outperform the corresponding error probability.
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Sediqi H, Wray A, Jones C, Jones M. Application of Spectral Phasor analysis to sodium microenvironments in myoblast progenitor cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204611. [PMID: 30379959 PMCID: PMC6209149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium ions (Na+) are key regulators of molecular events in many cellular processes, yet the dynamics of this ion remain poorly defined. Developing approaches to identify and characterise Na+ microenvironments will enable more detailed elucidation of the mechanisms of signal transduction. Here we report the application of Spectral Phasor analysis to the Na+ fluorophore, CoroNa Green, to identify and spatially map spectral emissions that report Na+ microenvironments. We use differentiating stem cells where Na+ fluxes were reported as an antecedent. Myoblast stem cells were induced to differentiate by serum starvation and then fixed at intervals between 0 and 40-minutes of differentiation prior to addition of CoroNa Green. The fluorescent intensity was insufficient to identify discrete Na+ microenvironments. However, using Spectral Phasor analysis we identified spectral shifts in CoroNa Green fluorescence which is related to the Na+ microenvironment. Further, spectral-heterogeneity appears to be contingent on the distance of Na+ from the nucleus in the early stages of differentiation. Spectral Phasor analysis of CoroNa Green in fixed stem cells demonstrates for the first time that CoroNa Green has unique spectral emissions depending on the nature of the Na+ environment in differentiating stem cells. Applying Spectral Phasor analysis to CoroNa Green in live stem cells is likely to further elucidate the role of Na+ microenvironments in the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sediqi
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex Wray
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Jones
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Meyers CA, Xu J, Asatrian G, Ding C, Shen J, Broderick K, Ting K, Soo C, Peault B, James AW. WISP-1 drives bone formation at the expense of fat formation in human perivascular stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15618. [PMID: 30353078 PMCID: PMC6199241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular wall within adipose tissue is a source of mesenchymal progenitors, referred to as perivascular stem/stromal cells (PSC). PSC are isolated via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and defined as a bipartite population of pericytes and adventitial progenitor cells (APCs). Those factors that promote the differentiation of PSC into bone or fat cell types are not well understood. Here, we observed high expression of WISP-1 among human PSC in vivo, after purification, and upon transplantation in a bone defect. Next, modulation of WISP-1 expression was performed, using WISP-1 overexpression, WISP-1 protein, or WISP-1 siRNA. Results demonstrated that WISP-1 is expressed in the perivascular niche, and high expression is maintained after purification of PSC, and upon transplantation in a bone microenvironment. In vitro studies demonstrate that WISP-1 has pro-osteogenic/anti-adipocytic effects in human PSC, and that regulation of BMP signaling activity may underlie these effects. In summary, our results demonstrate the importance of the matricellular protein WISP-1 in regulation of the differentiation of human stem cell types within the perivascular niche. WISP-1 signaling upregulation may be of future benefit in cell therapy mediated bone tissue engineering, for the healing of bone defects or other orthopaedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Meyers
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, United States
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, United States
| | - Greg Asatrian
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, UCLA, California, Los Angeles, 90095, United States
| | - Catherine Ding
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, UCLA, California, Los Angeles, 90095, United States
| | - Jia Shen
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, UCLA, California, Los Angeles, 90095, United States
| | - Kristen Broderick
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 21205, Baltimore, United States
| | - Kang Ting
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, UCLA, California, Los Angeles, 90095, United States
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, California, Los Angeles, 90095, United States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, California, Los Angeles, 90095, United States
| | - Bruno Peault
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, California, Los Angeles, 90095, United States
- Center For Cardiovascular Science and MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, United States.
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, California, Los Angeles, 90095, United States.
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50
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Wu H, de León MAP, Othmer HG. Getting in shape and swimming: the role of cortical forces and membrane heterogeneity in eukaryotic cells. J Math Biol 2018; 77:595-626. [PMID: 29480329 PMCID: PMC6109630 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-018-1223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that motile cells can adapt their mode of propulsion to the mechanical properties of the environment in which they find themselves-crawling in some environments while swimming in others. The latter can involve movement by blebbing or other cyclic shape changes, and both highly-simplified and more realistic models of these modes have been studied previously. Herein we study swimming that is driven by membrane tension gradients that arise from flows in the actin cortex underlying the membrane, and does not involve imposed cyclic shape changes. Such gradients can lead to a number of different characteristic cell shapes, and our first objective is to understand how different distributions of membrane tension influence the shape of cells in an inviscid quiescent fluid. We then analyze the effects of spatial variation in other membrane properties, and how they interact with tension gradients to determine the shape. We also study the effect of fluid-cell interactions and show how tension leads to cell movement, how the balance between tension gradients and a variable bending modulus determine the shape and direction of movement, and how the efficiency of movement depends on the properties of the fluid and the distribution of tension and bending modulus in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, 270A Vincent Hall, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, 270A Vincent Hall, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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