1
|
Baedorf-Kassis E, Murn M, Dzierba AL, Serra AL, Garcia I, Minus E, Padilla C, Sarge T, Goodspeed VM, Matthay MA, Gong MN, Cook D, Loring SH, Talmor D, Beitler JR. Respiratory drive heterogeneity associated with systemic inflammation and vascular permeability in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2024; 28:136. [PMID: 38654391 PMCID: PMC11036740 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory drive often differs among patients with similar clinical characteristics. Readily observable factors like acid-base state, oxygenation, mechanics, and sedation depth do not fully explain drive heterogeneity. This study evaluated the relationship of systemic inflammation and vascular permeability markers with respiratory drive and clinical outcomes in ARDS. METHODS ARDS patients enrolled in the multicenter EPVent-2 trial with requisite data and plasma biomarkers were included. Neuromuscular blockade recipients were excluded. Respiratory drive was measured as PES0.1, the change in esophageal pressure during the first 0.1 s of inspiratory effort. Plasma angiopoietin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were measured concomitantly, and 60-day clinical outcomes evaluated. RESULTS 54.8% of 124 included patients had detectable respiratory drive (PES0.1 range of 0-5.1 cm H2O). Angiopoietin-2 and interleukin-8, but not interleukin-6, were associated with respiratory drive independently of acid-base, oxygenation, respiratory mechanics, and sedation depth. Sedation depth was not significantly associated with PES0.1 in an unadjusted model, or after adjusting for mechanics and chemoreceptor input. However, upon adding angiopoietin-2, interleukin-6, or interleukin-8 to models, lighter sedation was significantly associated with higher PES0.1. Risk of death was less with moderate drive (PES0.1 of 0.5-2.9 cm H2O) compared to either lower drive (hazard ratio 1.58, 95% CI 0.82-3.05) or higher drive (2.63, 95% CI 1.21-5.70) (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with ARDS, systemic inflammatory and vascular permeability markers were independently associated with higher respiratory drive. The heterogeneous response of respiratory drive to varying sedation depth may be explained in part by differences in inflammation and vascular permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Baedorf-Kassis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Murn
- Columbia Respiratory Critical Care Trials Group, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy L Dzierba
- Columbia Respiratory Critical Care Trials Group, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis L Serra
- Columbia Respiratory Critical Care Trials Group, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivan Garcia
- Columbia Respiratory Critical Care Trials Group, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Minus
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clarissa Padilla
- Columbia Respiratory Critical Care Trials Group, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd Sarge
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie M Goodspeed
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle N Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Cook
- St. Joseph's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen H Loring
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Talmor
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy R Beitler
- Columbia Respiratory Critical Care Trials Group, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keshavanarayana P, Spill F. A mechanical modeling framework to study endothelial permeability. Biophys J 2024; 123:334-348. [PMID: 38169215 PMCID: PMC10870174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The inner lining of blood vessels, the endothelium, is made up of endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin protein forms a bond with VE-cadherin from neighboring cells to determine the size of gaps between the cells and thereby regulate the size of particles that can cross the endothelium. Chemical cues such as thrombin, along with mechanical properties of the cell and extracellular matrix are known to affect the permeability of endothelial cells. Abnormal permeability is found in patients suffering from diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and COVID-19. Even though some of the regulatory mechanisms affecting endothelial permeability are well studied, details of how several mechanical and chemical stimuli acting simultaneously affect endothelial permeability are not yet understood. In this article, we present a continuum-level mechanical modeling framework to study the highly dynamic nature of the VE-cadherin bonds. Taking inspiration from the catch-slip behavior that VE-cadherin complexes are known to exhibit, we model the VE-cadherin homophilic bond as cohesive contact with damage following a traction-separation law. We explicitly model the actin cytoskeleton and substrate to study their role in permeability. Our studies show that mechanochemical coupling is necessary to simulate the influence of the mechanical properties of the substrate on permeability. Simulations show that shear between cells is responsible for the variation in permeability between bicellular and tricellular junctions, explaining the phenotypic differences observed in experiments. An increase in the magnitude of traction force due to disturbed flow that endothelial cells experience results in increased permeability, and it is found that the effect is higher on stiffer extracellular matrix. Finally, we show that the cylindrical monolayer exhibits higher permeability than the planar monolayer under unconstrained cases. Thus, we present a contact mechanics-based mechanochemical model to investigate the variation in the permeability of endothelial monolayer due to multiple loads acting simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian Spill
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong S, Choe YH, Kim YM, Hyun YM. Evaluation of Vascular Permeability in Inflamed Vessels of the Cremaster Muscle in Live Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:13-20. [PMID: 37776445 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in vascular structures due to external factors such as injury or infection inevitably leads to blood leakage. Therefore, measuring blood infiltrated into tissue may serve as an indication for the extent of an inflammatory reaction or injury. There are various methods of confirming vascular permeability in vivo and in vitro; for example, using a blood vessel permeable dye, the dye efflux can be quantitatively measured with a spectrophotometer. Although the aforementioned commonly used methods can measure leaked dye without difficulty, substantial limitations exist regarding the time points of blood leakage that can be measured. Here, we describe the details of a novel protocol to identify and analyze the real-time progression of blood leakage in vivo. This method, by combining existing methods with real-time imaging, is expected to immensely improve the visualization and evaluation of vascular permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soi Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Choe
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Waithe OY, Peng X, Childs EW, Tharakan B. Measurement of Transendothelial Electrical Resistance in Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:199-203. [PMID: 37776459 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the protective barrier of the brain, is key to maintaining normal microvascular permeability and brain homeostasis. Brain microvascular endothelial cells are primary components of the blood-brain barrier. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is the electrical resistance across a cellular monolayer such as the brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. Measurement of TEER is considered a sensitive, reliable, and noninvasive method for evaluating barrier integrity and permeability of an endothelial cell monolayer under in vitro conditions. Measurement of TEER is also helpful for studying various cellular and molecular changes and signaling events that regulate barrier functions in endothelial monolayers. One of the in vitro endothelial cell barrier models that have been commonly used for measuring TEER is the BBB model using human or rodent brain microvascular endothelial cells grown as a monolayer. In this protocol, we describe how TEER is measured in brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers, to determine blood-brain barrier integrity under in vitro conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O'lisa Yaa Waithe
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Ed W Childs
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Tan M, Yang T, Huang Q, Shan F. The paracrine isthmin1 transcriptionally regulated by C/EBPβ exacerbates pulmonary vascular leakage in murine sepsis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C304-C316. [PMID: 38047305 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00431.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
It is known that pulmonary vascular leakage, a key pathological feature of sepsis-induced lung injury, is largely regulated by perivascular cells. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully uncovered. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of isthmin1, a secretory protein originating from alveolar epithelium, in the pulmonary vascular leakage during sepsis and to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of isthmin1 gene transcription. We observed an elevated isthmin1 gene expression in the pulmonary tissue of septic mice induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), as well as in primary murine alveolar type II epithelial cells (ATII) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, we confirmed that isthmin1 derived from ATII contributes to pulmonary vascular leakage during sepsis. Specifically, adenovirus-mediated isthmin1 disruption in ATII led to a significant attenuation of the increased pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) hyperpermeability in a PMVEC/ATII coculture system when exposed to LPS. In addition, adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated knockdown of isthmin1 in the alveolar epithelium of septic mice significantly attenuated pulmonary vascular leakage. Finally, mechanistic studies unveiled that nuclear transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β participates in isthmin1 gene activation by binding directly to the cis-regulatory element of isthmin1 locus and may contribute to isthmin1 upregulation during sepsis. Collectively, the present study highlighted the impact of the paracrine protein isthmin1, derived from ATII, on the exacerbation of pulmonary vascular permeability in sepsis and revealed a new regulatory mechanism for isthmin1 gene transcription.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article addresses the role of the alveolar epithelial-secreted protein isthmin1 on the exacerbation of pulmonary vascular permeability in sepsis and identified nuclear factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β as a new regulator of isthmin1 gene transcription. Targeting the C/EBPβ-isthmin1 regulatory axis on the alveolar side would be of great value in the treatment of pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury induced by sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Frigid Zone Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Huang
- Department of Frigid Zone Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabo Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Breslin JW, Yuan SY. Determination of Solute Permeability of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Monolayers In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:1-12. [PMID: 37776444 PMCID: PMC10928851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The microvascular endothelium has a critical role in regulating the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and water to the surrounding tissues. Under inflammatory conditions that accompany acute injury or disease, microvascular permeability becomes elevated. When microvascular hyperpermeability becomes uncontrolled or chronic, the excessive escape of plasma proteins into the surrounding tissue disrupts homeostasis and ultimately leads to organ dysfunction. Much remains to be learned about the mechanisms that control microvascular permeability. In addition to in vivo and isolated microvessel methods, the cultured endothelial cell monolayer protocol is an important tool that allows for understanding the specific, endothelial subcellular mechanisms that determine permeability of the endothelium to plasma proteins. In this chapter, two variations of the popular Transwell culture methodology to determine permeability to using fluorescently labeled tracers are presented. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Williams DA, Flood MH. Hematoloechus sp. attachment shifts endothelium in vivo from pro- to anti-inflammatory profile in Rana pipiens: evidence from systemic and capillary physiology. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R133-R153. [PMID: 37272786 PMCID: PMC10393331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00041.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This prospective, descriptive study focused on lung flukes (Hematoloechus sp., H) and their impact on systemic and individual capillary variables measured in pithed Rana pipiens, a long-standing model for studies of capillary physiology. Three groups were identified based on Hematoloechus attachment: no Hematoloechus (No H), Hematoloechus not attached (H Not Att), and Hematoloechus attached (H Att). Among 38 descriptive, cardiovascular, and immunological variables, 18 changed significantly with H. Symptoms of H included weight loss, elevated immune cells, heart rate variability, faster coagulation, lower hematocrit, and fluid accumulation. Important capillary function discoveries included median baselines for hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of 7.0 (No H), 12.4 (H Not Att), and 4.2 (H Att) × 10-7 cm·s-1·cmH2O-1 (P < 0.0001) plus seasonal adaptation of sigma delta pi [σ(πc-πi), P = 0.03]. Pro- and anti-inflammatory phases were revealed for Lp and plasma nitrite/nitrate concentration ([NOx]) in both H Not Att and H Att, whereas capillary wall tensile strength increased in the H Att. H attachment was advantageous for the host due to lower edema and for the parasite via a sustained food source illustrating an excellent example of natural symbiosis. However, H attachment also resulted in host weight loss: in time, a conundrum for the highly dependent parasite. The study increases overall knowledge of Rana pipiens by revealing intriguing effects of H and previously unknown, naturally occurring seasonal changes in many variables. The data improve Rana pipiens as a general scientific and capillary physiology model. Diseases of inflammation and stroke are among the clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna A Williams
- College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
| | - Mary H Flood
- College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Endothelial cells play a major part in the regulation of vascular permeability and angiogenesis. According to their duty to fit the needs of the underlying tissue, endothelial cells developed different subtypes with specific endothelial microdomains as caveolae, fenestrae and transendothelial channels which regulate nutrient exchange, leukocyte migration, and permeability. These microdomains can exhibit diaphragms that are formed by the endothelial cell-specific protein plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP), the only known protein component of these diaphragms. Several studies displayed an involvement of PLVAP in diseases as cancer, traumatic spinal cord injury, acute ischemic brain disease, transplant glomerulopathy, Norrie disease and diabetic retinopathy. Besides an upregulation of PLVAP expression within these diseases, pro-angiogenic or pro-inflammatory responses were observed. On the other hand, loss of PLVAP in knockout mice leads to premature mortality due to disrupted homeostasis. Generally, PLVAP is considered as a major factor influencing the permeability of endothelial cells and, finally, to be involved in the regulation of vascular permeability. Following these observations, PLVAP is debated as a novel therapeutic target with respect to the different vascular beds and tissues. In this review, we highlight the structure and functions of PLVAP in different endothelial types in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Denzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Walter Muranyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Horst Schroten
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schwerk
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cho HD, Nhàn NTT, Zhou C, Tu K, Nguyen T, Sarich NA, Yamada KH. KIF13B mediates VEGFR2 recycling to modulate vascular permeability. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:91. [PMID: 36928770 PMCID: PMC10165967 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signaling induces vascular leakage and angiogenesis in diseases. VEGFR2 trafficking to the cell surface, mediated by kinesin-3 family protein KIF13B, is essential to respond to VEGF-A when inducing angiogenesis. However, the precise mechanism of how KIF13B regulates VEGF-induced signaling and its effects on endothelial permeability is largely unknown. Here we show that KIF13B-mediated recycling of internalized VEGFR2 through Rab11-positive recycling vesicle regulates endothelial permeability. Phosphorylated VEGFR2 at the cell-cell junction was internalized and associated with KIF13B in Rab5-positive early endosomes. KIF13B mediated VEGFR2 recycling through Rab11-positive recycling vesicle. Inhibition of the function of KIF13B attenuated phosphorylation of VEGFR2 at Y951, SRC at Y416, and VE-cadherin at Y685, which are necessary for endothelial permeability. Failure of VEGFR2 trafficking to the cell surface induced accumulation and degradation of VEGFR2 in lysosomes. Furthermore, in the animal model of the blinding eye disease wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), inhibition of KIF13B-mediated VEGFR2 trafficking also mitigated vascular leakage. Thus, the present results identify the fundamental role of VEGFR2 recycling to the cell surface in mediating vascular permeability, which suggests a promising strategy for mitigating vascular leakage associated with inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Dong Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Christopher Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kayeman Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tara Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Nicolene A Sarich
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kaori H Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang ZS, Liu YY, He SS, Bao DQ, Wang HC, Zhang J, Peng XY, Zang JT, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Li QH, Li T, Liu LM. Pericytes protect rats and mice from sepsis-induced injuries by maintaining vascular reactivity and barrier function: implication of miRNAs and microvesicles. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:13. [PMID: 36907884 PMCID: PMC10010010 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular hyporeactivity and leakage are key pathophysiologic features that produce multi-organ damage upon sepsis. We hypothesized that pericytes, a group of pluripotent cells that maintain vascular integrity and tension, are protective against sepsis via regulating vascular reactivity and permeability. METHODS We conducted a series of in vivo experiments using wild-type (WT), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β)-Cre + mT/mG transgenic mice and Tie2-Cre + Cx43flox/flox mice to examine the relative contribution of pericytes in sepsis, either induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. In a separate set of experiments with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, pericytes were depleted using CP-673451, a selective PDGFR-β inhibitor, at a dosage of 40 mg/(kg·d) for 7 consecutive days. Cultured pericytes, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used for mechanistic investigations. The effects of pericytes and pericyte-derived microvesicles (PCMVs) and candidate miRNAs on vascular reactivity and barrier function were also examined. RESULTS CLP and LPS induced severe injury/loss of pericytes, vascular hyporeactivity and leakage (P < 0.05). Transplantation with exogenous pericytes protected vascular reactivity and barrier function via microvessel colonization (P < 0.05). Cx43 knockout in either pericytes or VECs reduced pericyte colonization in microvessels (P < 0.05). Additionally, PCMVs transferred miR-145 and miR-132 to VSMCs and VECs, respectively, exerting a protective effect on vascular reactivity and barrier function after sepsis (P < 0.05). miR-145 primarily improved the contractile response of VSMCs by activating the sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR)1/phosphorylation of myosin light chain 20 pathway, whereas miR-132 effectively improved the barrier function of VECs by activating the Sphk2/S1PR2/zonula occludens-1 and vascular endothelial-cadherin pathways. CONCLUSIONS Pericytes are protective against sepsis through regulating vascular reactivity and barrier function. Possible mechanisms include both direct colonization of microvasculature and secretion of PCMVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Sen Zhang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Yi-Yan Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Shuang-Shuang He
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Dai-Qin Bao
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Hong-Chen Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Xiao-Yong Peng
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Jia-Tao Zang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Yu Zhu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Yue Wu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Qing-Hui Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Tao Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Liang-Ming Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Garnier O, Vilgrain I. Dialogue between VE-Cadherin and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor1 (S1PR1) for Protecting Endothelial Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044018. [PMID: 36835432 PMCID: PMC9959973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells (EC) of established blood vessels in adults remain extraordinarily quiescent in the sense that they are not actively proliferating, but they fulfill the necessary role to control the permeability of their monolayer that lines the interior of blood vessels. The cell-cell junctions between ECs in the endothelium comprise tight junctions and adherens homotypic junctions, which are ubiquitous along the vascular tree. Adherens junctions are adhesive intercellular contacts that are crucial for the organization of the EC monolayer and its maintenance and regulation of normal microvascular function. The molecular components and underlying signaling pathways that control the association of adherens junctions have been described in the last few years. In contrast, the role that dysfunction of these adherens junctions has in contributing to human vascular disease remains an important open issue. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid mediator found at high concentrations in blood which has important roles in the control of the vascular permeability, cell recruitment, and clotting that follow inflammatory processes. This role of S1P is achieved through a signaling pathway mediated through a family of G protein-coupled receptors designated as S1PR1. This review highlights novel evidence for a direct linkage between S1PR1 signaling and the mediation of EC cohesive properties that are controlled by VE-cadherin.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of vascular permeability is critical to maintaining tissue metabolic homeostasis. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is a key stimulus of vascular permeability in acute and chronic diseases including ischemia reperfusion injury, sepsis, and cancer. Identification of novel regulators of vascular permeability would allow for the development of effective targeted therapeutics for patients with unmet medical need. METHODS In vitro and in vivo models of VEGFA-induced vascular permeability, pathological permeability, quantitation of intracellular calcium release and cell entry, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels were evaluated with and without modulation of PLC (phospholipase C) β2. RESULTS Global knock-out of PLCβ2 in mice resulted in blockade of VEGFA-induced vascular permeability in vivo and transendothelial permeability in primary lung endothelial cells. Further work in an immortalized human microvascular cell line modulated with stable knockdown of PLCβ2 recapitulated the observations in the mouse model and primary cell assays. Additionally, loss of PLCβ2 limited both intracellular release and extracellular entry of calcium following VEGF stimulation as well as reduced basal and VEGFA-stimulated levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate compared to control cells. Finally, loss of PLCβ2 in both a hyperoxia-induced lung permeability model and a cardiac ischemia:reperfusion model resulted in improved animal outcomes when compared with wild-type controls. CONCLUSIONS The results implicate PLCβ2 as a key positive regulator of VEGF-induced vascular permeability through regulation of both calcium flux and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels at the cellular level. Targeting of PLCβ2 in a therapeutic setting may provide a novel approach to regulating vascular permeability in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn N. Phoenix
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Zhichao Yue
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Lixia Yue
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Chunxia G. Cronin
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Bruce T. Liang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Luke H. Hoeppner
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kevin P. Claffey
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
DeOre BJ, Partyka PP, Fan F, Galie PA. CD44 mediates shear stress mechanotransduction in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model through small GTPases RhoA and Rac1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22278. [PMID: 35436025 PMCID: PMC10758994 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100822rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress is an important mediator of vascular permeability, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of shear on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have yet to be clarified in cerebral vasculature despite its importance for brain homeostasis. The goal of this study is to probe components of shear mechanotransduction within the BBB to gain a better understanding of pathologies associated with changes in cerebral perfusion including ischemic stroke. Interrogating the effects of shear stress in vivo is complicated by the complexity of factors in the brain parenchyma and the difficulty associated with modulating blood flow regimes. The in vitro model used in this study is compatible with real-time measurement of barrier function using a transendothelial electrical resistance as well as immunocytochemistry and dextran permeability assays. These experiments reveal that there is a threshold level of shear stress required for barrier formation and that the composition of the extracellular matrix, specifically the presence of high molecular weight hyaluronan, dictates the flow response. Gene editing to modulate the expression of CD44, a mechanosensitive receptor for hyaluronan, demonstrates that the receptor is required for the endothelial response to shear stress. Manipulation of small GTPase activity reveals CD44 activates Rac1 while inhibiting RhoA activation. Additionally, adducin-γ localizes to tight junctions in response to shear stress and RhoA inhibition and is required to maintain the barrier. This study identifies specific components of the mechanosensing complex associated with the BBB response to fluid shear stress and, therefore, illuminates potential targets for barrier manipulation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. DeOre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul P. Partyka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter A. Galie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang SS, Yang ZX, Guo DY, Jia BB, Yan J. [Interleukin 33 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced high permeability of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:559-564. [PMID: 35488608 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210625-00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of interleukin-33 (IL-33) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced permeability of rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (RCMECs). Methods: RCMECs were cultured in vitro to be divided into control group, LPS group, IL-33 group and LPS+IL-33 group. The effect of IL-33 on the proliferation of RCMECs was detected by cell counting reagent (CCK8). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran assay was used to evaluate the permeability of RCMECs. The expression of vascular endothelial calmodulin, ras homologous gene family (Rho) member A (RhoA) and phosphorylated Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (p-ROCK2) proteins were tested by western blot. High-throughput sequencing and gene ontology (GO) were performed for gene expression in LPS and LPS+IL-33 groups. Results: No significant effect of IL-33 at 10-50 ng/ml on the proliferation of RCMECs was observed (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the permeability of RCMECs (permeability coefficient ratio 1.404±0.029 vs. 1.000±0.200, P<0.05) was significantly increased in LPS group and the expression of vascular endothelial calmodulin (relative gray value 0.429 5±0.012 9 vs. 0.594 9±0.014 2, P<0.05) was down-regulated, while the permeability of monolayers (permeability coefficient ratio, 0.948±0.013, P<0.01) was decreased in LPS+IL-33 group and the expression of vascular endothelial calmodulin (relative grayscale value 0.549 1±0.012 0, P<0.005) was up-regulated compared with the LPS group. High-throughput sequencing data revealed that the differential genes downregulated in the LPS and LPS+IL-33 groups were associated with cytoskeleton and Rho signaling pathway. Compared with the control group, RhoA (relative gray value 0.211 4±0.009 9 vs. 0.135 0±0.007 6, P<0.000 1) and p-ROCK (relative gray value 0.656 3±0.013 2 vs. 0.503 6±0.036 2, P<0.000 1) protein expression was upregulated in the LPS group. When compared with LPS group, RhoA (relative gray value 0.157 7±0.010 7, P=0.000 2), p-ROCK (relative gray value 0.427 7±0.003 8, P<0.000 1) protein expression was decreased in LPS+IL-33 group. Conclusion: IL-33 may improve LPS-induced hyperpermeability of RCMECs by inhibiting RhoA and p-ROCK protein expression in Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical Collage, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310053, China Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Z X Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - D Y Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - B B Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - J Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases, the activation of which plays an important role in the development of diabetic microvascular complications. The activation of PKC under high-glucose conditions stimulates redox reactions and leads to an accumulation of redox stress. As a result, various types of cells in the microvasculature are influenced, leading to changes in blood flow, microvascular permeability, extracellular matrix accumulation, basement thickening and angiogenesis. Structural and functional disorders further exacerbate diabetic microvascular complications. Here, we review the roles of PKC in the development of diabetic microvascular complications, presenting evidence from experiments and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Xiyuan hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Gynecological Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hoeppner LH. Assessing Molecular Regulation of Vascular Permeability Using a VEGF-Inducible Zebrafish Model. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2475:339-350. [PMID: 35451770 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2217-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates vascular permeability in a variety of human pathologies, such as cancer, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular disease, retinal conditions, and COVID-19-associated pulmonary edema, sepsis, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Comprehensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms of VEGF-induced vascular permeability has been hindered by the lack of in vivo models that easily facilitate genetic manipulation studies in real time. To address this need, we generated a heat-inducible VEGF transgenic zebrafish model of vascular permeability. Here, we describe how this zebrafish model can be used to monitor VEGF-induced vascular permeability through live in vivo imaging to identify genetic regulators that play key roles in vascular barrier integrity in physiological conditions and human disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke H Hoeppner
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ragelle H, Dernick K, Westenskow PD, Kustermann S. Retinal Microvasculature-on-a-Chip for Modeling VEGF-Induced Permeability. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2475:239-257. [PMID: 35451763 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2217-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Relevant human in vitro models of the retinal microvasculature can be used to study the role of disease mediators on retinal barrier dysfunction and assess the efficacy of early drug candidates. This chapter describes an organ-on-a-chip model of the retinal microvasculature that allows for facile quantification of barrier permeability in response to leakage mediators, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and enables screening of VEGF-induced permeability inhibitors. This chapter also presents an automated confocal imaging method for the visualization of endothelial tube morphology as an additional measure of barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Ragelle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Dernick
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kustermann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim BK, Canonica J, Roudnicky F, Westenskow PD. Preventing VEGF-Mediated Vascular Permeability by Experimentally Potentiating BBB Characteristics in Endothelial Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2475:259-274. [PMID: 35451764 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2217-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties with poor reproducibility and translatability of animal model-based research, along with increased efforts to abide by the 3Rs tenet of animal welfare, are driving demand for more relevant human cellular systems. This is especially true for central nervous system (CNS) vasculatures with specialized properties and barriers, namely the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers (BBB and BRB, respectively) which are difficult to model in vitro. The BBB and BRB protect neurovascular units by regulating nutrient homeostasis, maintaining local ion levels, protecting against exposure from circulating toxins and pathogens, and restricting passage of peripheral immune factors. In this manuscript, we will describe transgenic and pharmacological-based protocols to generate relevant BBB and BRB models both from human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) and from primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). When followed, researchers can expect to generate well-characterized, anatomical and functional BBB and BRB EC monolayers in 36-48 h that are stable up to 90 h. The ability to generate more relevant BBB and BRB EC cultures will improve drug discovery efforts and inform future therapies for neurovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyoung Kim
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Canonica
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Filip Roudnicky
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail: (AT); (TWY)
| | - Caroline Lin Lin Chua
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Po Ying Chia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsin Wen Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (AT); (TWY)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chan YH, Musa NF, Chong YJ, Saat SA, Hafiz F, Shaari K, Israf DA, Tham CL. 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone suppresses vascular leakage and leukocyte infiltration in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemic mice. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:732-740. [PMID: 34155953 PMCID: PMC8221152 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1933083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbates systemic inflammatory responses and causes excessive fluid leakage. 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone (tHGA) has been revealed to protect against LPS-induced vascular inflammation and endothelial hyperpermeability in vitro. OBJECTIVE This study assesses the in vivo protective effects of tHGA against LPS-induced systemic inflammation and vascular permeability in endotoxemic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally pre-treated with tHGA for 1 h, followed by 6 h of LPS induction. Evans blue permeability assay and leukocyte transmigration assay were performed in mice (n = 6) pre-treated with 2, 20 and 100 mg/kg tHGA. The effects of tHGA (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) on LPS-induced serum TNF-α secretion, lung dysfunction and lethality were assessed using ELISA (n = 6), histopathological analysis (n = 6) and survivability assay (n = 10), respectively. Saline and dexamethasone were used as the negative control and drug control, respectively. RESULTS tHGA significantly inhibited vascular permeability at 2, 20 and 100 mg/kg with percentage of inhibition of 48%, 85% and 86%, respectively, in comparison to the LPS control group (IC50=3.964 mg/kg). Leukocyte infiltration was suppressed at 20 and 100 mg/kg doses with percentage of inhibition of 73% and 81%, respectively (IC50=17.56 mg/kg). However, all tHGA doses (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) failed to prevent endotoxemic mice from lethality because tHGA could not suppress TNF-α overproduction and organ dysfunction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS tHGA may be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for diseases related to uncontrolled vascular leakage by combining with other anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Han Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nazmi Firdaus Musa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yi Joong Chong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Arfah Saat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Faizul Hafiz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- CONTACT Chau Ling Tham Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dou R, Liu K, Yang C, Zheng J, Shi D, Lin X, Wei C, Zhang C, Fang Y, Huang S, Song J, Wang S, Xiong B. EMT-cancer cells-derived exosomal miR-27b-3p promotes circulating tumour cells-mediated metastasis by modulating vascular permeability in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e595. [PMID: 34936736 PMCID: PMC8694332 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are regarded as the precursor cells of metastasis. The CTCs, which underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are associated with metastasis and responsible for poor prognosis. EMT cancer cells modulate endothelial permeability in the invasive front and facilitate cancer cell intravasation, resulting in CTCs-mediated distant metastasis. Exosomes derived from cancer cells are key mediators of cancer-host intercommunication. However, the mechanism by which EMT-tumour cells-derived exosomes modulate vascular permeability and promote CTCs generation has remained unclear. METHODS Exosomes isolation and purification were conducted by ultra-centrifugation. Exosomal miRNA was identified by sequencing followed by quantitative PCR. In vitro co-culture assay experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of exosomal miR-27b-3p on the permeability of blood vessel endothelium. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to investigate the underlying mechanism by which miR-27b-3p is packaged into exosomes. A mouse model was established to determine the role of exosomal miR-27b-3p in blood vessel permeability modulation in vivo. RESULTS We found that EMT-CRC cells attenuate the blood vessel barrier by transferring miR-27b-3p to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in exosomes. Mechanically, miR-27b-3p atteuated the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cad) and p120 at the post-transcriptional level by binding to 3'-untranslated region of VE-Cad and p120 directly. The packaging of miR-27b-3p into exosomes was induced by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), which activated by STAT3. Clinically, miR-27b-3p up-regulated in CRC tissues. Plasma exosomal miR-27b-3p was positively correlated with malignant progression and CTC count in CRC patients. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which EMT-CRC cells promote metastasis, increasing blood vessel permeability and facilitating the generation of CTCs. CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-27b-3p secreted by EMT-CRC cells increases blood vessel permeability and facilitates the generation of CTCs. Exosomal miR-27b-3p may become a promising biomarker for CRC metastasis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Nozohouri S, Zhang Y, Albekairi TH, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Glutamate Buffering Capacity and Blood-Brain Barrier Protection of Opioid Receptor Agonists Biphalin and Nociceptin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:260-269. [PMID: 34663677 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids play crucial roles in the regulation of many important brain functions including pain, memory, and neurogenesis. Activation of opioid receptors is reported to have neuroprotective effects after ischemic reperfusion injury. The objective of this study was to understand the role of biphalin and nociceptin, opioid receptor agonists, on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity during ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to measure the effect of biphalin and nociceptin on astrocytic glutamate uptake and on expression of excitatory amino acid transporter to study the indirect role of astrocytes on opioid receptor-mediated BBB protection during in vitro stroke conditions. We used mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) and primary astrocytes as an in vitro BBB model. Restrictive BBB properties were evaluated by measuring [14C] sucrose paracellular permeability and the redistribution of the tight junction proteins. The protective effect of biphalin and nociceptin on BBB integrity was assessed after exposing cells to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and glutamate. It was observed that combined stress (2 mM glutamate and 2 hours of OGD) significantly reduced glutamate uptake by astrocytes; however, biphalin and nociceptin treatment increased glutamate uptake in primary astrocytes. This suggests a role of increased astrocytic buffering capacity in opioid-meditated protection of the BBB during ischemic stroke. It was also found that the combined stress significantly increased [14C] sucrose paracellular permeability in an in vitro BBB model. Biphalin and nociceptin treatment attenuated the effect of the combined stress, which was reversed by the opioid receptor antagonists, suggesting the role of opioid receptors in biphalin and nociception's BBB modulatory activity. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: There is an unmet need for discovering new efficacious therapeutic agents to offset the deleterious effects of ischemic stroke. Given the confirmed roles of opioid receptors in the regulation of central nervous system functions, opioid receptor agonists have been studied as potential neuroprotective options in ischemic conditions. This study adds to the knowledge about the cerebrovascular protective effects of opioid receptor agonists and provides insight about the mechanism of action of these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim ID, Cave JW, Cho S. Aflibercept, a VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-Trap, Reduces Vascular Permeability and Stroke-Induced Brain Swelling in Obese Mice. Stroke 2021; 52:2637-2648. [PMID: 34192895 PMCID: PMC8312568 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Brain edema is an important underlying pathology in acute stroke, especially when comorbidities are present. VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) signaling is implicated in edema. This study investigated whether obesity impacts VEGF signaling and brain edema, as well as whether VEGF inhibition alters stroke outcome in obese subjects. Methods High-fat diet-induced obese mice were subjected to a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. VEGF-A and VEGFR2 (receptor) expression, infarct volume, and swelling were measured 3 days post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. To validate the effect of an anti-VEGF strategy, we used aflibercept, a fusion protein that has a VEGF-binding domain and acts as a decoy receptor, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated with rVEGF (recombinant VEGF; 50 ng/mL) for permeability and tube formation. In vivo, aflibercept (10 mg/kg) or IgG control was administered in obese mice 3 hours after transient 30 minutes middle cerebral artery occlusion. Blood-brain barrier integrity was assessed by IgG staining and dextran extravasation in the postischemic brain. A separate cohort of nonobese (lean) mice was subjected to 40 minutes middle cerebral artery occlusion to test the effect of aflibercept on malignant infarction. Results Compared with lean mice, obese mice had increased mortality, infarct volume, swelling, and blood-brain barrier disruption. These outcomes were also associated with increased VEGF-A and VEGFR2 expression. Aflibercept reduced VEGF-A-stimulated permeability and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Compared with the IgG-treated controls, mice treated with aflibercept had reduced mortality rates (40% versus 17%), hemorrhagic transformation (43% versus 27%), and brain swelling (28% versus 18%), although the infarct size was similar. In nonobese mice with large stroke, aflibercept neither improved nor exacerbated stroke outcomes. Conclusions The study demonstrates that aflibercept selectively attenuates stroke-induced brain edema and vascular permeability in obese mice. These findings suggest the repurposing of aflibercept to reduce obesity-enhanced brain edema in acute stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il-doo Kim
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY (I.-d.K., S.C.)
| | | | - Sunghee Cho
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY (I.-d.K., S.C.)
- Feil Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pan P, Li G, Shen M, Yu Z, Ge W, Lao Z, Fan Y, Chen K, Ding Z, Wang W, Wan P, Shereen MA, Luo Z, Chen X, Zhang Q, Lin L, Wu J. DENV NS1 and MMP-9 cooperate to induce vascular leakage by altering endothelial cell adhesion and tight junction. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1008603. [PMID: 34310658 PMCID: PMC8341711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that causes a spectrum of diseases including life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Vascular leakage is a common clinical crisis in DHF/DSS patients and highly associated with increased endothelial permeability. The presence of vascular leakage causes hypotension, circulatory failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation as the disease progresses of DHF/DSS patients, which can lead to the death of patients. However, the mechanisms by which DENV infection caused the vascular leakage are not fully understood. This study reveals a distinct mechanism by which DENV induces endothelial permeability and vascular leakage in human endothelial cells and mice tissues. We initially show that DENV2 promotes the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and secretion in DHF patients’ sera, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and macrophages. This study further reveals that DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) induces MMP-9 expression through activating the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Additionally, NS1 facilitates the MMP-9 enzymatic activity, which alters the adhesion and tight junction and vascular leakage in human endothelial cells and mouse tissues. Moreover, NS1 recruits MMP-9 to interact with β-catenin and Zona occludens protein-1/2 (ZO-1 and ZO-2) and to degrade the important adhesion and tight junction proteins, thereby inducing endothelial hyperpermeability and vascular leakage in human endothelial cells and mouse tissues. Thus, we reveal that DENV NS1 and MMP-9 cooperatively induce vascular leakage by impairing endothelial cell adhesion and tight junction, and suggest that MMP-9 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of hypovolemia in DSS/DHF patients. DENV is the most common mosquito-transmitted viral pathogen in humans. In general, DENV-infected patients are asymptomatic or have flu-like symptoms with fever and rash. However, in severe cases of DENV infection, the diseases may progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in school-age children in tropical and subtropical regions. DENV-induced vascular leakage is characterized by enhanced vascular permeability without morphological damage to the capillary endothelium. This study reveals a possible mechanism by which DENV NS1 and MMP-9 cooperatively induce vascular leakage. NS1 also recruits MMP-9 to degrade β-catenin, ZO-1, and ZO-2 that leads to intervene endothelial hyperpermeability in human endothelial cells and mouse vascular. Moreover, the authors further reveal that DENV activates NF-κB signaling pathway to induce MMP-9 expression in patients, mice, PBMC, and macrophages though NS1 protein. This study would provide new in signs into the pathogenesis of DENV infection, and suggest that MMP-9 may act as a drug target for the prevention and treatment of DENV-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Xulin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (JW)
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (JW)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Taghadosi Z, Zarifkar A, Razban V, Owjfard M, Aligholi H. Effect of chronically electric foot shock stress on spatial memory and hippocampal blood brain barrier permeability. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113364. [PMID: 33992668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes critically to preserving normal brain functions. According to the available evidence, intense or chronic exposure to stress would potentially affect different brain structures, such as the hippocampus, negatively. The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between the BBB permeability of the hippocampus and the performance of spatial learning and memory under chronically electric foot shock stress. Sixteen rats were divided into the control and stress groups equally. Animals in the stress group were exposed to foot shock (1 mA, 1 Hz) for 10-s duration every 60 s (1 h/day) for 10 consecutive days. The anxiety-related behavior, spatial learning, and memory were assessed by an Open Field (OF) and the Morris Water Maze (MWM) respectively. The hippocampal BBB permeability was determined by Evans blue penetration assay. Our results demonstrated that the stress model not only increased locomotor activities in the OF test but reduced spatial learning and memory in MWM. Moreover, these effects coincided with a significant increase in hippocampal BBB permeability. In sum, the stress model can be used in future studies focusing on the relationship between stress and BBB permeability of the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Taghadosi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asadollah Zarifkar
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Owjfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Aligholi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Walsh J, Tozer DJ, Sari H, Hong YT, Drazyk A, Williams G, Shah NJ, O’Brien JT, Aigbirhio FI, Rosenberg G, Fryer TD, Markus HS. Microglial activation and blood-brain barrier permeability in cerebral small vessel disease. Brain 2021; 144:1361-1371. [PMID: 34000009 PMCID: PMC8874873 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major cause of stroke and dementia. The underlying pathogenesis is poorly understood, but both neuroinflammation and increased blood-brain barrier permeability have been hypothesized to play a role, and preclinical studies suggest the two processes may be linked. We used PET magnetic resonance to simultaneously measure microglial activation using the translocator protein radioligand 11C-PK11195, and blood-brain barrier permeability using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. A case control design was used with two disease groups with sporadic SVD (n = 20), monogenic SVD (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, CADASIL), and normal controls (n = 20) were studied. Hotspots of increased glial activation and blood-brain barrier permeability were identified as values greater than the 95th percentile of the distribution in controls. In sporadic SVD there was an increase in the volume of hotspots of both 11C-PK11195 binding (P = 0.003) and blood-brain barrier permeability (P = 0.007) in the normal appearing white matter, in addition to increased mean blood-brain barrier permeability (P < 0.001). In CADASIL no increase in blood-brain barrier permeability was detected; there was a non-significant trend to increased 11C-PK11195 binding (P = 0.073). Hotspots of 11C-PK11195 binding and blood-brain barrier permeability were not spatially related. A panel of 93 blood biomarkers relating to cardiovascular disease, inflammation and endothelial activation were measured in each participant; principal component analysis was performed and the first component related to blood-brain barrier permeability and microglial activation. Within the sporadic SVD group both hotspot and mean volume blood-brain barrier permeability values in the normal appearing white matter were associated with dimension 1 (β = 0.829, P = 0.017, and β = 0.976, P = 0.003, respectively). There was no association with 11C-PK11195 binding. No associations with blood markers were found in the CADASIL group. In conclusion, in sporadic SVD both microglial activation and increased blood-brain barrier permeability occur, but these are spatially distinct processes. No evidence of increased blood-brain barrier permeability was found in CADASIL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Walsh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan J Tozer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hasan Sari
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young T Hong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Drazyk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guy Williams
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA–BRAIN–Translational Medicine, Aachen, and Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - John T O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Gary Rosenberg
- UNM Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abe K, Tanaka J, Mishima K, Iijima T. Exploring the mechanism of hyperpermeability following glycocalyx degradation: Beyond the glycocalyx as a structural barrier. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252416. [PMID: 34086745 PMCID: PMC8177458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological hyperpermeability is a morbidity involved in various systemic diseases, including sepsis. The endothelial glycocalyx layer (GCX) plays a key role in controlling vascular permeability and could be a useful therapeutic target. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the functional role of the GCX in vascular permeability and to elucidate its role in pathological conditions. First, male C57BL/6J wild-type mice were used as in vivo models to study the effects of sepsis and the pharmacological digestion of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the GCX. Vascular permeability was evaluated using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran. Second, the changes in gene expression in vascular endothelial cells after GAGs digestion were compared between a control and a septic model using RNA sequencing. In the in vivo study, the glycocalyx was depleted in both the septic model and the group with pharmacological GAGs digestion. FITC-labeled dextran had leaked into the interstitium in the septic group, but not in the other groups. In the in vitro study, histamine decreased the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), indicating an increase in permeability. GAGs digestion alone did not change the TEER, and the effect of histamine on the TEER was not enhanced by GAGs digestion. The gene expression profiles after GAGs digestion differed from the control condition, indicating the initiation of signal transduction. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the structural barrier of the GCX does not solely determine the fluid permeability of the endothelial layer, since enzymatic depletion of the GCX did not increase the permeability. The gene expression findings suggest that the digestion of GAGs alone did not induce hyperpermeability either in vitro or in vivo, although sepsis did induce hyperpermeability. While GAGs degradation by itself does not appear to induce hyperpermeability, it may play an important role in initiating signal transductions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Abe
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Perioperative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Iijima
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Perioperative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota City, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shimotsu R, Hotta K, Ikegami R, Asamura T, Tabuchi A, Masamoto K, Yagishita K, Poole DC, Kano Y. Vascular permeability of skeletal muscle microvessels in rat arterial ligation model: in vivo analysis using two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R972-R983. [PMID: 33949210 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00135.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the lower limb compromises oxygen supply due to arterial occlusion. Ischemic skeletal muscle is accompanied by capillary structural deformation. Therefore, using novel microscopy techniques, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial cell swelling temporally and quantitatively corresponds to enhanced microvascular permeability. Hindlimb ischemia was created in male Wistar rat's by iliac artery ligation (AL). The tibialis anterior (TA) muscle microcirculation was imaged using intravenously infused rhodamine B isothiocyanate dextran fluorescent dye via two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) and dye extravasation at 3 and 7 days post-AL quantified to assess microvascular permeability. The TA microvascular endothelial ultrastructure was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared with control (0.40 ± 0.15 μm3 × 106), using TPLSM, the volumetrically determined interstitial leakage of fluorescent dye measured at 3 (3.0 ± 0.40 μm3 × 106) and 7 (2.5 ± 0.8 μm3 × 106) days was increased (both P < 0.05). Capillary wall thickness was also elevated at 3 (0.21 ± 0.06 μm) and 7 (0.21 ± 0.08 μm) days versus control (0.11 ± 0.03 μm, both P < 0.05). Capillary endothelial cell swelling was temporally and quantitatively associated with elevated vascular permeability in the AL model of PAD but these changes occurred in the absence of elevations in protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) its receptor (VEGFR2 which decreased by AL-7 day) or matrix metalloproteinase. The temporal coherence of endothelial cell swelling and increased vascular permeability supports a common upstream mediator. TPLSM, in combination with TEM, provides a sensitive and spatially discrete technique to assess the mechanistic bases for, and efficacy of, therapeutic countermeasures to the pernicious sequelae of compromised peripheral arterial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Shimotsu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
| | - Kzuki Hotta
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Ikegami
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Health Science, Health Science University, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Asamura
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tabuchi
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (CNBE), University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Hyperbaric Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (CNBE), University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Laksitorini MD, Yathindranath V, Xiong W, Parkinson FE, Thliveris JA, Miller DW. Impact of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on ethanol-induced changes in brain endothelial cell permeability. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1118-1137. [PMID: 32998179 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to ethanol is associated with enhanced leakiness in the brain microvessel endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As previous studies suggested Wnt/β-catenin signaling could improve the BBB phenotype of brain endothelial cells, we examined the extent to which Wnt signaling is altered following ethanol exposure, using both a cell culture model of the BBB and mice exposed to ethanol, and the ability of Wnt activation to reverse the permeability effects of ethanol. The human brain endothelial cells, hCMEC/D3, were exposed to ethanol (17-200 mM) for various periods of time (0-96 hr) and Wnt signaling, as well as expression of downstream genes influencing BBB integrity in the cell monolayers were monitored. Determination of Wnt signaling in both brain homogenates and brain microvessels from mice exposed to ethanol was also performed. The effects of ethanol on the permeability of the hCMEC/D3 monolayers were examined using both small molecular weight (sodium fluorescein) and large molecular weight (IRdye 800CW PEG) fluorescent markers. Exposure of hCMEC/D3 to ethanol (50 mM) caused a down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a reduction of tight junction protein expression and up-regulation of plasmalemma vesicle associated protein (PLVAP). A similar reduction in Wnt/β-catenin activity in both cortical brain homogenates and isolated cortical cerebral microvessels were observed in mice. Other areas such as cerebellum and striatum displayed as much as 3-6 fold increases in Dkk-1, an endogenous Wnt inhibitor. Ethanol exposure caused significant changes in both sodium fluorescein and IRdye 800CW PEG permeability (2-fold compared to control). The ethanol-induced increases in permeability were attenuated by treatment with known Wnt activators (i.e. LiCl or Wnt3a). Additional screens of CNS active agents with possible Wnt activity indicated fluoxetine could also prevent the permeability effects of ethanol. These studies suggest that ethanol-induced changes in brain microvessel permeability can be reversed through activation of Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlyn D Laksitorini
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vinith Yathindranath
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Fiona E Parkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - James A Thliveris
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Donald W Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Kleysen Institute of Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nagatake T, Zhao YC, Ito T, Itoh M, Kometani K, Furuse M, Saika A, Node E, Kunisawa J, Minato N, Hamazaki Y. Selective expression of claudin-5 in thymic endothelial cells regulates the blood-thymus barrier and T-cell export. Int Immunol 2021; 33:171-182. [PMID: 33038259 PMCID: PMC7936066 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell development depends on the thymic microenvironment, in which endothelial cells (ECs) play a vital role. Interestingly, vascular permeability of the thymic cortex is lower than in other organs, suggesting the existence of a blood-thymus barrier (BTB). On the other hand, blood-borne molecules and dendritic cells bearing self-antigens are accessible to the medulla, facilitating central tolerance induction, and continuous T-precursor immigration and mature thymocyte egress occur through the vessels at the cortico-medullary junction (CMJ). We found that claudin-5 (Cld5), a membrane protein of tight junctions, was expressed in essentially all ECs of the cortical vasculatures, whereas approximately half of the ECs of the medulla and CMJ lacked Cld5 expression. An intravenously (i.v.) injected biotin tracer hardly penetrated cortical Cld5+ vessels, but it leaked into the medullary parenchyma through Cld5- vessels. Cld5 expression in an EC cell line caused a remarkable increase in trans-endothelial resistance in vitro, and the biotin tracer leaked from the cortical vasculatures in Cldn5-/- mice. Furthermore, i.v.-injected sphingosine-1 phosphate distributed selectively into the medulla through the Cld5- vessels, probably ensuring the egress of CD3high mature thymocytes from Cld5- vessels at the CMJ. These results suggest that distinct Cld5 expression profiles in the cortex and medulla may control the BTB and the T-cell gateway to blood circulation, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nagatake
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Yan-Chun Zhao
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Itoh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Azusa Saika
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Node
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Hamazaki
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cooney OD, Nagareddy PR, Murphy AJ, Lee MKS. Healthy Gut, Healthy Bones: Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Promote Bone Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:620466. [PMID: 33679604 PMCID: PMC7933548 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.620466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of probiotics to modify the gut microbiome has become a public spotlight in reducing the severity of a number of chronic diseases such as autoimmune disease, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Recently, the gut microbiome has been shown to play an important role in regulating bone mass. Therefore, targeting the gut microbiome may be a potential alternative avenue for those with osteopenia or osteoporosis. In this mini-review, we take the opportunity to delve into how the different components of the gut work together and how the gut-related diseases impact on bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia D. Cooney
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prabhakar R. Nagareddy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Man K. S. Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Randal O Dull
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (R.O.D.), Department of Pathology (R.O.D.), Department of Surgery (R.O.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Research Unit (R.G.H.), Södertälje Hospital, Södertälje; and Karolinska Institute at Danderyds Hospital (R.G.H.), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Trivedi A, Potter DR, Miyazawa BY, Lin M, Vivona LR, Khakoo MA, Antebi B, Lee A, Ishler B, Dickerson M, Kozar R, Schreiber MA, Holcomb JB, Fitzpatrick GM, Pati S. Freeze-dried platelets promote clot formation, attenuate endothelial cell permeability, and decrease pulmonary vascular leak in a murine model of hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 90:203-214. [PMID: 33060537 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic shock (HS) and trauma induce endothelial barrier compromise, inflammation, and aberrant clotting. We have shown that fresh human platelets (Plts) and Plt extracellular vesicles mitigate vascular leak in murine models of injury. Here, we investigate the potential of freeze-dried platelets (FDPlts) to attenuate pulmonary vascular permeability, decrease inflammation, and promote clotting in a murine model of HS. METHODS Human FDPlts were characterized using in vitro assays of Plt marker expression, aggregation, coagulation, and endothelial cell permeability. An intravital model of vascular injury in the mouse cremaster muscle was used to assess the ability of FDPlts to incorporate into clots. Mouse groups subjected to controlled hemorrhage for 90 minutes were (1) lactated Ringer solution (LR), (2) FDPlts, (3) fresh human Plts, (4) murine whole blood (WB), and (5) shams (only instrumented). Hemorrhagic shock mouse endpoints included coagulation, pulmonary vascular permeability, and lung injury. RESULTS Freeze-dried Plts expressed Plt-specific markers and retained functionality similar to fresh Plts. In in vitro assays of Plt aggregation, differences were noted. In vivo, FDPlts and Plts were found to incorporate into clots in postcapillary venules in the mouse cremaster muscle. Hemorrhagic shock mice resuscitated with LR displayed increased pulmonary vascular permeability compared with sham (sham, 686.6 ± 359.7; shock-LR, 2,637 ± 954.7; p = 0.001), and treatment with FDPlts or WB attenuated permeability compared with shock: shock-FDPlts, 1,328 ± 462.6 (p = 0.05), and shock-WB, 1,024 ± 370.5 (p = 0.0108). However, human Plts (Days 1-3) did not attenuate vascular leak in HS mice compared with shock-LR (shock-Plts, 3,601 ± 1,581; p = 0.33). CONCLUSION FDPlts contribute to clot formation similar to fresh human Plts. FDPlts also attenuated vascular permeability in vitro and in vivo. Mouse WB resuscitation but not fresh human Plts attenuated vascular permeability after HS. These data suggest that the effect of FDPlts may be a suitable alternative to fresh Plts in modulating hemostasis and the endotheliopathy associated with injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Trivedi
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.T., D.R.P., B.Y.M., M.L., L.R.V., M.A.K., S.P.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Cellphire (B.A., A.L., B.I., M.D., G.M.F.), Rockville; Shock Trauma Center (R.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.A.S.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and Division of Acute Care Surgery (J.B.H.), University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Taghavi S, Abdullah S, Duchesne J, Pociask D, Kolls J, Jackson-Weaver O. Interleukin 22 mitigates endothelial glycocalyx shedding after lipopolysaccharide injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 90:337-345. [PMID: 33502147 PMCID: PMC7872437 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) on the luminal surface of endothelial cells contributes to the permeability barrier of vessels and prevents activation of the coagulation cascade. Endothelial glycocalyx damage, which occurs in the shock state, results in endotheliopathy. Interleukin (IL)-22 is a cytokine with both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties, and how IL-22 affects the EG has not been studied. We hypothesized that IL-22:Fc, a recombinant fusion protein with human IL-22 and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1 (which extends the protein half-life), would not affect EG shedding in endothelium after injury. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lipopolysaccharide-injured cells (n = 284) were compared with HUVECs with LPS injury plus 0.375 μg/mL of IL-22:Fc treatment (n = 293) for 12 hours. These two cohorts were compared with control HUVECs (n = 286) and HUVECs exposed to IL-22:Fc alone (n = 269). Cells were fixed and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled wheat germ agglutinin to quantify EG. Total RNA was collected, and select messenger RNAs were quantified by real time - quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using SYBR green fluorescence. RESULTS Exposure of HUVECs to LPS resulted in degradation of the EG compared with control (5.86 vs. 6.09 arbitrary unit [AU], p = 0.01). Interleukin-22:Fc alone also resulted in degradation of EG (5.08 vs. 6.09 AU, p = 0.01). Treatment with IL-22:Fc after LPS injury resulted in less degradation of EG compared with LPS injury alone (5.86 vs. 5.08 AU, p = 0.002). Expression of the IL-22Ra1 receptor was not different for IL-22:Fc treated compared with LPS injury only (0.69 vs. 0.86 relative expression, p = 0.10). Treatment with IL-22:Fc after LPS injury resulted in less matrix metalloproteinase 2 (0.79 vs. 1.70 relative expression, p = 0.005) and matrix metalloproteinase 14 (0.94 vs. 2.04 relative expression, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-22:Fc alone induces EG degradation. However, IL-22:Fc treatment after LPS injury appears to mitigate EG degradation. This protective effect appears to be mediated via reduced expression of metalloproteinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharven Taghavi
- From the Department of Surgery (S.T., S.A., J.D., O.J.-W.), and Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation (D.P., J.K.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Karki P, Birukov KG. Oxidized Phospholipids in Control of Endothelial Barrier Function: Mechanisms and Implication in Lung Injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:794437. [PMID: 34887839 PMCID: PMC8649713 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.794437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies investigating the pathogenesis of chronic vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis described pro-inflammatory and vascular barrier disruptive effects of lipid oxidation products accumulated in the sites of vascular lesion and atherosclerotic plaque. However, accumulating evidence including studies from our group suggests potent barrier protective and anti-inflammatory properties of certain oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) in the lung vascular endothelium. Among these OxPLs, oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachdonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) causes sustained enhancement of lung endothelial cell (EC) basal barrier properties and protects against vascular permeability induced by a wide variety of agonists ranging from bacterial pathogens and their cell wall components, endotoxins, thrombin, mechanical insults, and inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, truncated OxPLs cause acute endothelial barrier disruption and potentiate inflammation. It appears that multiple signaling mechanisms triggering cytoskeletal remodeling are involved in OxPLs-mediated regulation of EC barrier. The promising vascular barrier protective and anti-inflammatory properties exhibited by OxPAPC and its particular components that have been established in the cellular and animal models of sepsis and acute lung injury has prompted consideration of OxPAPC as a prototype therapeutic molecule. In this review, we will summarize signaling and cytoskeletal mechanisms involved in OxPLs-mediated damage, rescue, and restoration of endothelial barrier in various pathophysiological settings and discuss a future potential of OxPAPC in treating lung disorders associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Konstantin G. Birukov,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li B, Yu Y, Liu K, Zhang Y, Geng Q, Zhang F, Li Y, Qi J. β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits histone deacetylase 3 to promote claudin-5 generation and attenuate cardiac microvascular hyperpermeability in diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:226-239. [PMID: 33106900 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Microvascular endothelial hyperpermeability, mainly caused by claudin-5 deficiency, is the initial pathological change that occurs in diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exerts unique beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, but the involvement of BHB in promoting the generation of claudin-5 to attenuate cardiac microvascular hyperpermeability in diabetes is poorly understood. METHODS The effects of BHB on cardiac microvascular endothelial hyperpermeability and claudin-5 generation were evaluated in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and in high glucose (HG)-stimulated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs). To explore the underlying mechanisms, we also measured β-catenin nuclear translocation, binding of β-catenin, histone deacetylase (HDAC)1, HDAC3 and p300 to the Claudin-5 (also known as CLDN5) promoter, interaction between HDAC3 and β-catenin, and histone acetylation in the Claudin-5 promoter. RESULTS We found that 10 weeks of BHB treatment promoted claudin-5 generation and antagonised cardiac microvascular endothelial hyperpermeability in rat models of diabetes. Meanwhile, BHB promoted claudin-5 generation and inhibited paracellular permeability in HG-stimulated HCMECs. Specifically, BHB (2 mmol/l) inhibited HG-induced HDAC3 from binding to the Claudin-5 promoter, although nuclear translocation or promoter binding of β-catenin did not change with BHB treatment. In addition, BHB prevented the binding and co-localisation of HDAC3 to β-catenin in HG-stimulated HCMECs. Furthermore, using mass spectrometry, acetylated H3K14 (H3K14ac) in the Claudin-5 promoter following BHB treatment was identified, regardless of whether cells were stimulated by HG or not. Although reduced levels of acetylated H3K9 in the Claudin-5 promoter were found following HG stimulation, increased H3K14ac was specifically associated with BHB treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION BHB inhibited HDAC3 and caused acetylation of H3K14 in the Claudin-5 promoter, thereby promoting claudin-5 generation and antagonising diabetes-associated cardiac microvascular hyperpermeability. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijin Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Geng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Eisa-Beygi S, Vo NJ, Link BA. RhoA activation-mediated vascular permeability in capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome: a hypothesis. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:1790-1793. [PMID: 33358701 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome is a class of capillary anomalies that are associated with arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas, which carry a risk of hemorrhages. There are no broadly effective pharmacological therapies currently available. Most CM-AVMs are associated with a loss of RASA1, resulting in constitutive activation of RAS signaling. However, protein interaction analysis revealed that RASA1 forms a complex with Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP), a negative regulator of RhoA signaling. Herein, we propose that loss of RASA1 function results in constitutive activation of RhoA signaling in endothelial cells, resulting in enhanced vascular permeability. Therefore, strategies aimed at curtailing RhoA activity should be tested as an adjunctive therapeutic approach in cell culture studies and animal models of RASA1 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Nghia Jack Vo
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Radiology, Pediatric Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian A Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tomita K, Saito Y, Suzuki T, Imbaby S, Hattori K, Matsuda N, Hattori Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor contributes to lung vascular hyperpermeability in sepsis-associated acute lung injury. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2365-2374. [PMID: 32696151 PMCID: PMC7371837 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime regulator of vascular permeability. Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by high-permeability pulmonary edema in addition to refractory hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. In this study, we examined whether VEGF can be implicated as a pulmonary vascular permeability factor in sepsis-associated ALI. We found that a great increase in lung vascular leak occurred in mice instilled intranasally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as assessed by IgM levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Treatment with the VEGF-neutralizing monoclonal antibody bevacizumab significantly reduced this hyperpermeability response, suggesting active participation of VEGF in non-cardiogenic lung edema associated with LPS-induced ALI. However, this was not solely attributable to excessive levels of intrapulmonary VEGF. Expression levels of VEGF were significantly reduced in lung tissues from mice with both intranasal LPS administration and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, which may stem from decreases in non-endothelial cells-dependent VEGF production in the lungs. In support of this assumption, stimulation with LPS and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) significantly increased VEGF in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, a significant rise in plasma VEGF levels was observed in CLP-induced septic mice. The increase in VEGF released from HPMECs after LPS/IFN-γ challenge was completely blocked by either specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subgroups. Taken together, our results indicate that VEGF can contribute to the development of non-cardiogenic lung edema in sepsis-associated ALI due to increased VEGF secretion from pulmonary vascular endothelial cells through multiple MAPK-dependent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Tomita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Shimizu Corporation, Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Yuna Saito
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Center for Clinical Training, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Tokiko Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- J-Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, 230-0046, Japan
| | - Samar Imbaby
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, 061-0293, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mora P, Hollier PL, Guimbal S, Abelanet A, Diop A, Cornuault L, Couffinhal T, Horng S, Gadeau AP, Renault MA, Chapouly C. Blood-brain barrier genetic disruption leads to protective barrier formation at the Glia Limitans. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000946. [PMID: 33253145 PMCID: PMC7728400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) induces endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening as well as the formation of a tight junction barrier between reactive astrocytes at the Glia Limitans. We hypothesized that the CNS parenchyma may acquire protection from the reactive astrocytic Glia Limitans not only during neuroinflammation but also when BBB integrity is compromised in the resting state. Previous studies found that astrocyte-derived Sonic hedgehog (SHH) stabilizes the BBB during CNS inflammatory disease, while endothelial-derived desert hedgehog (DHH) is expressed at the BBB under resting conditions. Here, we investigated the effects of endothelial Dhh on the integrity of the BBB and Glia Limitans. We first characterized DHH expression within endothelial cells at the BBB, then demonstrated that DHH is down-regulated during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using a mouse model in which endothelial Dhh is inducibly deleted, we found that endothelial Dhh both opens the BBB via the modulation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) transcriptional activity and induces a tight junctional barrier at the Glia Limitans. We confirmed the relevance of this glial barrier system in human multiple sclerosis active lesions. These results provide evidence for the novel concept of “chronic neuroinflammatory tolerance” in which BBB opening in the resting state is sufficient to stimulate a protective barrier at the Glia Limitans that limits the severity of subsequent neuroinflammatory disease. In summary, genetic disruption of the BBB generates endothelial signals that drive the formation under resting conditions of a secondary barrier at the Glia Limitans with protective effects against subsequent CNS inflammation. The concept of a reciprocally regulated CNS double barrier system has implications for treatment strategies in both the acute and chronic phases of multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. This study uncovers a critical role for the signaling molecule desert hedgehog (Dhh) in maintaining tightness of the blood-brain barrier and highlights a reciprocally regulated double barrier system in the central nervous system that relies on crosstalk between endothelial cells and astrocytes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adherens Junctions/pathology
- Adherens Junctions/physiology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Astrocytes/physiology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/physiopathology
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/physiology
- Capillary Permeability/genetics
- Capillary Permeability/physiology
- Claudin-5/genetics
- Claudin-5/physiology
- Down-Regulation
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/physiology
- Female
- Hedgehog Proteins/deficiency
- Hedgehog Proteins/genetics
- Hedgehog Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Neuroglia/physiology
- Tight Junctions/pathology
- Tight Junctions/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mora
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | | | - Sarah Guimbal
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | - Alice Abelanet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | - Aïssata Diop
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | - Lauriane Cornuault
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | - Sam Horng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Marie-Ange Renault
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | - Candice Chapouly
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hrenak J, Simko F. Renin-Angiotensin System: An Important Player in the Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218038. [PMID: 33126657 PMCID: PMC7663767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by massive inflammation, increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema. Mortality due to ARDS remains very high and even in the case of survival, acute lung injury can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a significant role in these processes. The activities of RAS molecules are subject to dynamic changes in response to an injury. Initially, increased levels of angiotensin (Ang) II and des-Arg9-bradykinin (DABK), are necessary for an effective defense. Later, augmented angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 activity supposedly helps to attenuate inflammation. Appropriate ACE2 activity might be decisive in preventing immune-induced damage and ensuring tissue repair. ACE2 has been identified as a common target for different pathogens. Some Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, also use ACE2 to infiltrate the cells. A number of questions remain unresolved. The importance of ACE2 shedding, associated with the release of soluble ACE2 and ADAM17-mediated activation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-signaling is unclear. The roles of other non-classical RAS-associated molecules, e.g., alamandine, Ang A or Ang 1-9, also deserve attention. In addition, the impact of established RAS-inhibiting drugs on the pulmonary RAS is to be elucidated. The unfavorable prognosis of ARDS and the lack of effective treatment urge the search for novel therapeutic strategies. In the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and considering the involvement of humoral disbalance in the pathogenesis of ARDS, targeting the renin-angiotensin system and reducing the pathogen's cell entry could be a promising therapeutic strategy in the struggle against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Hrenak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital – University Hospital of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak
| | - Fedor Simko
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbova 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovak
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Halder SK, Milner R. Mild hypoxia triggers transient blood-brain barrier disruption: a fundamental protective role for microglia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:175. [PMID: 33115539 PMCID: PMC7592567 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that when mice are exposed to chronic mild hypoxia (CMH, 8% O2), blood vessels in the spinal cord show transient vascular leak that is associated with clustering and activation of microglia around disrupted vessels. Importantly, microglial depletion profoundly increased hypoxia-induced vascular leak, implying that microglia play a critical role maintaining vascular integrity in the hypoxic spinal cord. The goal of the current study was to examine if microglia play a similar vasculo-protective function in the brain. Employing extravascular fibrinogen leak as an index of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, we found that CMH provoked transient vascular leak in cerebral blood vessels that was associated with activation and aggregation of Mac-1-positive microglia around leaky vessels. Interestingly, CMH-induced vascular leak showed regional selectivity, being much more prevalent in the brainstem and olfactory bulb than the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Pharmacological depletion of microglia with the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622, had no effect under normoxic conditions, but markedly increased hypoxia-induced cerebrovascular leak in all regions examined. As in the spinal cord, this was associated with endothelial induction of MECA-32, a marker of leaky CNS endothelium, and greater loss of endothelial tight junction proteins. Brain regions displaying the highest levels of hypoxic-induced vascular leak also showed the greatest levels of angiogenic remodeling, suggesting that transient BBB disruption may be an unwanted side-effect of hypoxic-induced angiogenic remodeling. As hypoxia is common to a multitude of human diseases including obstructive sleep apnea, lung disease, and age-related pulmonary, cardiac and cerebrovascular dysfunction, our findings have important translational implications. First, they point to a potential pathogenic role of chronic hypoxia in triggering BBB disruption and subsequent neurological dysfunction, and second, they demonstrate an important protective role for microglia in maintaining vascular integrity in the hypoxic brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebok K. Halder
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 10865 Road to the Cure, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 10865 Road to the Cure, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zamudio F, Loon AR, Smeltzer S, Benyamine K, Navalpur Shanmugam NK, Stewart NJF, Lee DC, Nash K, Selenica MLB. TDP-43 mediated blood-brain barrier permeability and leukocyte infiltration promote neurodegeneration in a low-grade systemic inflammation mouse model. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:283. [PMID: 32979923 PMCID: PMC7519496 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions containing TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are a neuropathological feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Emerging evidence also indicates that systemic inflammation may be a contributor to the pathology progression of these neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS To investigate the role of systemic inflammation in the progression of neuronal TDP-43 pathology, AAV9 particles driven by the UCHL1 promoter were delivered to the frontal cortex of wild-type aged mice via intracranial injections to overexpress TDP-43 or green fluorescent protein (GFP) in corticospinal motor neurons. Animals were then subjected to a low-dose (500 μg/kg) intraperitoneal E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration challenge for 2 weeks to mimic a chronically altered low-grade systemic inflammatory state. Mice were then subjected to neurobehavioral studies, followed by biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses of the brain tissue. RESULTS In the present study, we report that elevated neuronal TDP-43 levels induced microglial and astrocytic activation in the cortex of injected mice followed by increased RANTES signaling. Moreover, overexpression of TDP-43 exerted abundant mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG), CD3, and CD4+ T cell infiltration as well as endothelial and pericyte activation suggesting increased blood-brain barrier permeability. The BBB permeability in TDP-43 overexpressing brains yielded the frontal cortex vulnerable to the systemic inflammatory response following LPS treatment, leading to marked neutrophil infiltration, neuronal loss, reduced synaptosome-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) levels, and behavioral impairments in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) task. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a novel role for TDP-43 in BBB permeability and leukocyte recruitment, indicating complex intermolecular interactions between an altered systemic inflammatory state and pathologically prone TDP-43 protein to promote disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Zamudio
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Anjanet R. Loon
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Shayna Smeltzer
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Khawla Benyamine
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | | | - Nicholas J. F. Stewart
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Kevin Nash
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Maj-Linda B. Selenica
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased extracellular histones in the bloodstream are known as a biomarker for vascular dysfunction associated with severe trauma or sepsis. There is limited information regarding the pathogenic role of circulating histones in neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular endothelial injury. Particularly, it remains unclear whether histones affect the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability function. METHODS The direct effects of unfractionated histones on endothelial barrier properties were first assessed in brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance and solute flux. This was followed by in vivo mouse experiments, where BBB function was assessed by quantifying brain tissue accumulation of intravenously injected tracers of different molecular sizes, and comparison was made in mice receiving a sublethal dose of histones versus sterile saline. In parallel, the endothelial barrier ultrastructure was examined in histone- and saline-injected animals under transmission electron microscopy, corresponding to the expression of tight junction and adherens junction proteins. RESULTS Histones increased paracellular permeability to sodium fluorescein and reduced barrier resistance at 100 μg/mL; these responses were accompanied by discontinuous staining of the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and zona ocludens-1. Interestingly, the effects of histones did not seem to result from cytotoxicity, as evidenced by negative propidium iodide staining. In vivo, histones increased the paracellular permeability of the BBB to small tracers of < 1-kDa, whereas tracers larger than 3-kDa remained impermeable across brain microvessels. Further analysis of different brain regions showed that histone-induced tracer leakage and loss of tight junction protein expression mainly occurred in the hippocampus, but not in the cerebral cortex. Consistently, opening of tight junctions was found in hippocampal capillaries from histone-injected animals. Protein expression levels of GFAP and iBA1 remained unchanged in histone-injected mice indicating that histones did not affect reactive gliosis. Moreover, cell membrane surface charge alterations are involved in histone-induced barrier dysfunction and tight junction disruption. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular histones cause a reversible, region-specific increase in BBB permeability to small molecules by disrupting tight junctions in the hippocampus. We suggest that circulating histones may contribute to cerebrovascular injury or brain dysfunction by altering BBB structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Villalba
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sheon Baby
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Byeong J Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Idowu TO, Etzrodt V, Seeliger B, Bolanos-Palmieri P, Thamm K, Haller H, David S. Identification of specific Tie2 cleavage sites and therapeutic modulation in experimental sepsis. eLife 2020; 9:e59520. [PMID: 32838837 PMCID: PMC7447424 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial Tie2 signaling plays a pivotal role in vascular barrier maintenance at baseline and after injury. We previously demonstrated that a sharp drop in Tie2 expression observed across various murine models of critical illnesses is associated with increased vascular permeability and mortality. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-14-mediated Tie2 ectodomain shedding has recently been recognized as a possible mechanism for Tie2 downregulation in sepsis. Here, we identified the exact MMP14-mediated Tie2 ectodomain cleavage sites and could show that pharmacological MMP14 blockade in experimental murine sepsis exerts barrier protective and anti-inflammatory effects predominantly through the attenuation of Tie2 cleavage to improve survival both in a pre-treatment and rescue approach. Overall, we show that protecting Tie2 shedding might offer a new therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of septic vascular leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temitayo O Idowu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Valerie Etzrodt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and German Centre of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Patricia Bolanos-Palmieri
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Kristina Thamm
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Sascha David
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- Institute for Intensive Care, University Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
COVID-19 management guidelines have largely attributed critically ill patients who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, to a systemic overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cardiovascular dysfunction may also represent a primary phenomenon, with increasing data suggesting that severe COVID-19 reflects a confluence of vascular dysfunction, thrombosis and dysregulated inflammation. Here, we first consolidate the information on localized microvascular inflammation and disordered cytokine release, triggering vessel permeability and prothrombotic conditions that play a central role in perpetuating the pathogenic COVID-19 cascade. Secondly, we seek to clarify the gateways which SARS-CoV-2, the causative COVID-19 virus, uses to enter host vascular cells. Post-mortem examinations of patients' tissues have confirmed direct viral endothelial infection within several organs. While there have been advances in single-cell RNA sequencing, endothelial cells across various vascular beds express low or undetectable levels of those touted SARS-CoV-2 entry factors. Emerging studies postulate alternative pathways and the apicobasal distribution of host cell surface factors could influence endothelial SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication. Finally, we provide experimental considerations such as endothelial polarity, cellular heterogeneity in organoids and shear stress dynamics in designing cellular models to facilitate research on viral-induced endothelial dysfunctions. Understanding the vascular underpinning of COVID-19 pathogenesis is crucial to managing outcomes and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wazny
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore636921, Singapore
| | - Anthony Siau
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore636921, Singapore
| | - Kan Xing Wu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore636921, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore636921, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore138673, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sarvari S, Moakedi F, Hone E, Simpkins JW, Ren X. Mechanisms in blood-brain barrier opening and metabolism-challenged cerebrovascular ischemia with emphasis on ischemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:851-868. [PMID: 32297170 PMCID: PMC7988906 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability among adults as well as the 2nd leading cause of death globally. Ischemic stroke accounts for about 85% of strokes, and currently, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), whose therapeutic window is limited to up to 4.5 h for the appropriate population, is the only FDA approved drug in practice and medicine. After a stroke, a cascade of pathophysiological events results in the opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through which further complications, disabilities, and mortality are likely to threaten the patient's health. Strikingly, tPA administration in eligible patients might cause hemorrhagic transformation and sustained damage to BBB integrity. One must, therefore, delineate upon stroke onset which cellular and molecular factors mediate BBB permeability as well as what key roles BBB rupture plays in the pathophysiology of stroke. In this review article, given our past findings of mechanisms underlying BBB opening in stroke animal models, we elucidate cellular, subcellular, and molecular factors involved in BBB permeability after ischemic stroke. The contribution of each factor to stroke severity and outcome is further discussed. Determinant factors in BBB permeability and stroke include mitochondria, miRNAs, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion proteins. Once these factors are interrogated and their roles in the pathophysiology of stroke are determined, novel targets for drug discovery and development can be uncovered in addition to novel therapeutic avenues for human stroke management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Sarvari
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Faezeh Moakedi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Emily Hone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Experimental Stroke Core Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Experimental Stroke Core Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
In COVID-19, lung manifestations present as a slowly evolving pneumonia with insidious early onset interstitial pulmonary edema that undergoes acute exacerbation in the late stages and microvascular thrombosis. Currently, these manifestations are considered to be only consequences of pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. We are proposing a new hypothesis that neurogenic insult may also play a major role in the pathogenesis of these manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammation of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) may play a role in the acute exacerbation of pulmonary edema and microvascular clotting in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop U.R.
- UR Anoop Research
Group, Pondicherry, India
605008
| | - Kavita Verma
- UR Anoop Research
Group, Pondicherry, India
605008
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Brucker WJ, Croteau SE, Prensner JR, Cullion K, Heeney MM, Lo J, McAlvin JB, Peeler K, Shah N, Yee CSK, Berry GT, Bodamer O. An emerging role for endothelial barrier support therapy for congenital disorders of glycosylation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:880-890. [PMID: 32064623 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are clinically heterogeneous disorders defined by a decreased ability to modify biomolecules with oligosaccharides. Critical disruptions in protein recognition, interaction, binding, and anchoring lead to broad physiological effects. Patients present with endocrinopathy, immunodeficiency, hepatopathy, coagulopathy, and neurodevelopmental impairment. Patients may experience mortality/morbidity associated with shock physiology that is frequently culture negative and poorly responsive to standard care. Oedema, pleural and pericardial effusions, ascites, proteinuria, and protein-losing enteropathy are observed with an exaggerated inflammatory response. The negative serum protein steady state results from several mechanisms including reduced hepatic synthesis and secretion, increased consumption, and extravasation. Disruption of the glycocalyx, a layer of glycosylated proteins that lines the endothelium preventing thrombosis and extravasation, is a suspected cause of endothelial dysfunction in CDG patients. We performed a retrospective review of CDG patients admitted to our institution with acute illness over the past 2 years. Longitudinal clinical and laboratory data collected during the sick and well states were assessed for biomarkers of inflammation and efficacy of interventions. Six patients representing 4 CDG subtypes and 14 hospitalisations were identified. Acute D-dimer elevation, proteinuria, decreased serum total protein levels, coagulation proteins, and albumin were observed with acute illness. Infusion of fresh frozen plasma, and in some cases protein C concentrate, was associated with clinical and biomarker improvement. This was notable with intra-patient comparison of treated vs untreated courses. Use of endothelial barrier support therapy may reduce endothelial permeability by restoring both regulatory serum protein homeostasis and supporting the glycocalyx and is likely a critical component of care for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Brucker
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stacy E Croteau
- Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John R Prensner
- Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kate Cullion
- Division of Medical Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew M Heeney
- Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James B McAlvin
- Division of Medical Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Peeler
- Division of Medical Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nidhi Shah
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina S K Yee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olaf Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Junxiu Z, Yu F, Yanyan H, Yin Z, Yi L, Minghui Y, Shaodan L. Mast cell activation, TLR4-NF-κB/TNF-α pathway variation in rats' intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and Tongxinluo's therapeutic effect. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1599-1608. [PMID: 33583793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate mast cell activation and related TLR4-NF-κB/TNF-α pathway variation in 3 and 7 days' rats intestinal I/R injury, and TXL's intervention effect. Rat intestine I/R injury was carried out using superior mesenteric artery occlusion model with 30 min ischemia followed 3 or 7 days' reperfusion. Rats were administered TXL ultrafine power of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6g/kg/d respectively for 3 or 7 days after modeling. Mast cell activation was determined by immunofluorescent double staining. TLR4, ANGPTL4 and microRNA126 were determined by RT-PCR. PECAM-1, NF-κB p65, TNF-α and VE-Cadherin were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Intestine I/R induced massively mast cell activation and overexpressed TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, PECAM-1, miR126 in 3 and 7 days. VE-cadherin and ANGPTL4 expression was reduced. TXL treatment attenuated mast cell activation and inhibited TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, PECAM-1 over-expression in 3 and 7 days, protected VE-cadherin and ANGPTL4 protein. Inflammation boomed in rats' intestine I/R injury for 3 and 7 days, characterized by mast cell and related TLR4-NF-κB/TNF-α pathway activation, accompanied with endothelial barrier dysfunction and enhanced vascular permeability. TXL treatment attenuated inflammation, protected endothelial barrier function. TXL treat intestine I/R injury, according with "Treat different diseases with the same method" in TCM theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Junxiu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, China
| | - Hu Yanyan
- First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Yin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, China
| | - Yang Minghui
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, China
| | - Li Shaodan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pons S, Fodil S, Azoulay E, Zafrani L. The vascular endothelium: the cornerstone of organ dysfunction in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Crit Care 2020; 24:353. [PMID: 32546188 PMCID: PMC7296907 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, emerging data including recent histopathological studies have emphasized the crucial role of endothelial cells (ECs) in vascular dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and inflammation.Histopathological studies have evidenced direct viral infection of ECs, endotheliitis with diffuse endothelial inflammation, and micro- and macrovascular thrombosis both in the venous and arterial circulations. Venous thrombotic events, particularly pulmonary embolism, with elevated D-dimer and coagulation activation are highly prevalent in COVID-19 patients. The pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-2 receptor, and tumor necrosis factor-α, could also participate in endothelial dysfunction and leukocyte recruitment in the microvasculature. COVID-19-induced endotheliitis may explain the systemic impaired microcirculatory function in different organs in COVID-19 patients. Ongoing trials directly and indirectly target COVID-19-related endothelial dysfunctions: i.e., a virus-cell entry using recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS-2) blockade, coagulation activation, and immunomodulatory therapies, such as anti-IL-6 strategies. Studies focusing on endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 patients are warranted as to decipher their precise role in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and organ dysfunction and to identify targets for further interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Pons
- INSERM U976, Human Immunology, Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Avicenne Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Sofiane Fodil
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Elie Azoulay
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- INSERM U976, Human Immunology, Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France.
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|