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Saito M, Wilaisrisak P, Pimanpanarak M, Viladpai-Nguen J, Paw MK, Koesukwiwat U, Tarning J, White NJ, Nosten F, McGready R. Comparison of lumefantrine, mefloquine, and piperaquine concentrations between capillary plasma and venous plasma samples in pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0009324. [PMID: 38597636 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00093-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Capillary samples offer practical benefits compared with venous samples for the measurement of drug concentrations, but the relationship between the two measures varies between different drugs. We measured the concentrations of lumefantrine, mefloquine, piperaquine in 270 pairs of venous plasma and concurrent capillary plasma samples collected from 270 pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum or vivax malaria. The median and range of venous plasma concentrations included in this study were 447.5 ng/mL (8.81-3,370) for lumefantrine (day 7, n = 76, median total dose received 96.0 mg/kg), 17.9 ng/mL (1.72-181) for desbutyl-lumefantrine, 1,885 ng/mL (762-4,830) for mefloquine (days 3-21, n = 90, median total dose 24.9 mg/kg), 641 ng/mL (79.9-1,950) for carboxy-mefloquine, and 51.8 ng/mL (3.57-851) for piperaquine (days 3-21, n = 89, median total dose 52.2 mg/kg). Although venous and capillary plasma concentrations showed a high correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.90-0.99) for all antimalarials and their primary metabolites, they were not directly interchangeable. Using the concurrent capillary plasma concentrations and other variables, the proportions of venous plasma samples predicted within a ±10% precision range was 34% (26/76) for lumefantrine, 36% (32/89) for desbutyl-lumefantrine, 74% (67/90) for mefloquine, 82% (74/90) for carboxy-mefloquine, and 24% (21/89) for piperaquine. Venous plasma concentrations of mefloquine, but not lumefantrine and piperaquine, could be predicted by capillary plasma samples with an acceptable level of agreement. Capillary plasma samples can be utilized for pharmacokinetic and clinical studies, but caution surrounding cut-off values is required at the individual level. CLINICAL TRIALS This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01054248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Saito
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pornpimon Wilaisrisak
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Mupawjay Pimanpanarak
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Jacher Viladpai-Nguen
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Moo Kho Paw
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Urairat Koesukwiwat
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joel Tarning
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas J White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Oshiro H, Hata J, Nakashima D, Hayashi N, Haga Y, Hagiya K, Yoshimaru D, Okano H. Influence of Diffusion Time and Temperature on Restricted Diffusion Signal: A Phantom Study. Magn Reson Med Sci 2024; 23:136-145. [PMID: 36754420 PMCID: PMC11024708 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffusion MRI is a physical measurement method that quantitatively indicates the displacement of water molecules diffusing in voxels. However, there are insufficient data to characterize the diffusion process physically in a uniform structure such as a phantom. This study investigated the transitional relationship between structure scale, temperature, and diffusion time for simple restricted diffusion using a capillary phantom. METHODS We performed diffusion-weighted pulsed-gradient stimulated-echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRI with a 9.4 Tesla MRI system (Bruker BioSpin, Ettlingen, Germany) and a quadrature coil with an inner diameter of 86 mm (Bruker BioSpin). We measured the diffusion coefficients (radial diffusivity [RD]) of capillary plates (pore sizes 6, 12, 25, 50, and 100 μm) with uniformly restricted structures at various temperatures (10ºC, 20ºC, 30ºC, and 40ºC) and multiple diffusion times (12-800 ms). We evaluated the characteristics of scale, temperature, and diffusion time for restricted diffusion. RESULTS The RD decayed and became constant depending on the structural scale. Diffusion coefficient fluctuations with temperature occurred mostly under conditions of a large structural scale and short diffusion time. We obtained data suggesting that temperature-dependent changes in the diffusion coefficients follow physical laws. CONCLUSION No water molecules were observed outside the glass tubes in the capillary plates, and the capillary plates only reflected a restricted diffusion process within the structure.We experimentally evaluated the characteristics of simple restricted diffusion to reveal the transitional relationship of the diffusion coefficient with diffusion time, structure scale, and temperature through composite measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Oshiro
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junichi Hata
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naoya Hayashi
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yawara Haga
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiya
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshimaru
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nelson PT, Sziraki A, Cao J. Response letter: Complexities in pericyte markers. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12975. [PMID: 38566360 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junyue Cao
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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Namaste SM, Baingana R, Brindle E. Hemoglobin measurement in venous blood compared with pooled and single-drop capillary blood: a method-comparison study in a controlled and survey setting in Uganda among children and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:949-959. [PMID: 38176682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard practice for estimating anemia in population-based surveys is to use a point-of-care device to measure hemoglobin (Hb) in a single drop of capillary blood. Emerging evidence points to larger than expected differences in Hb concentration depending on the blood source. OBJECTIVE We evaluated use of different blood sources to measure Hb with a HemoCue 201+ analyzer compared with the reference method of venous blood tested with a Sysmex XN-450 hematology analyzer. METHODS Hb concentration in venous, pooled capillary, and single-drop capillary blood were collected in controlled (laboratory) and survey (Demographic Health Survey-8 pilot) settings in Uganda among children 6-59 mo and nonpregnant women 15-49 y. Venous and capillary blood collected from the same individual was tested using a HemoCue 201+ analyzer and the venous blood was also measured with a Sysmex XN-450 hematology analyzer. Agreement between measures was estimated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plots, and Deming regression. Means and prevalences were compared using paired t-tests and McNemar's tests, respectively. RESULTS The limits of agreement between Hb measured using a HemoCue 201+ analyzer and the reference method were lowest for venous (1.1-1.96 g/dL), followed by pooled capillary (1.45-2.27 g/dL), and single-drop capillary blood (2.23-3.41 g/dL). Mean differences were <0.5 g/dL across comparators. There were statistically significant differences in Hb concentration from both types of capillary blood. Anemia prevalence was lower in pooled capillary blood compared with the reference method. CONCLUSIONS The variability of Hb measured by capillary blood using the HemoCue 201+ analyzer is higher than venous blood but the extent to which this impacts the validity of Hb and anemia estimates requires further exploration. Future research is also needed to evaluate the implications of using venous compared with capillary blood in population-based surveys. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05059457).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhona Baingana
- Makerere University College of Natural Sciences, Kampala, Uganda, Africa
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Desroches-Castan A, Koca D, Liu H, Roelants C, Resmini L, Ricard N, Bouvard C, Chaumontel N, Tharaux PL, Tillet E, Battail C, Lenoir O, Bailly S. BMP9 is a key player in endothelial identity and its loss is sufficient to induce arteriovenous malformations. Cardiovasc Res 2024:cvae052. [PMID: 38502919 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS BMP9 is a high affinity ligand of ALK1 and endoglin receptors that are mutated in the rare genetic vascular disorder Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). We have previously shown that loss of Bmp9 in the 129/Ola genetic background leads to spontaneous liver fibrosis via capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and kidney lesions. We aimed to decipher the molecular mechanisms downstream of BMP9 to better characterize its role in vascular homeostasis in different organs. METHODS AND RESULTS For this, we performed a RNAseq analysis on LSEC from adult WT and Bmp9-KO mice and identified over 2000 differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology analysis showed that Bmp9 deletion led to a decrease in BMP and Notch signaling, but also LSEC capillary identity while increasing their cell cycle. The gene ontology term "glomerulus development" was also negatively enriched in Bmp9-KO mice versus WT supporting a role for BMP9 in kidney vascularization. Through different imaging approaches (electron microscopy, immunostainings), we found that loss of Bmp9 led to vascular enlargement of the glomeruli capillaries associated with alteration of podocytes. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that the loss of Bmp9 led to spontaneous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the liver, gastro-intestinal tract and uterus. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results demonstrate that BMP9 plays an important role in vascular quiescence both locally in the liver by regulating endothelial capillary differentiation markers and cell cycle but also at distance in many organs via its presence in the circulation. It also reveals that loss of Bmp9 is sufficient to induce spontaneous AVMs, supporting a key role for BMP9 in the pathogenesis of HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Desroches-Castan
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - D Koca
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - H Liu
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - C Roelants
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - L Resmini
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - N Ricard
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - C Bouvard
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - N Chaumontel
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - P L Tharaux
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - E Tillet
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - C Battail
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - O Lenoir
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - S Bailly
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
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Karim Khani MM, Oveysi M, Bazargan V, Marengo M. A Simple Non-Embedded Single Capillary Device for On-Demand Complex Emulsion Formation. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:239. [PMID: 38398968 PMCID: PMC10893064 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study includes an examination of the design, fabrication, and experimentation of a rudimentary droplet generator. The device has potential applications in on-demand double and higher-order emulsions as well as tailored emulsions with numerous cores. The phenomenon of a pendant double droplet creation is observed when an inner phase is transported through a capillary, while a middle phase envelops the external surface of the capillary. This leads to the occurrence of a pinching-off process at the tip of the pulled capillary. Following this, the double droplet is introduced into a container that is filled with the outer phase. The present study examines the force equilibrium throughout the droplet break-up process and aims to forecast the final morphology of the droplets within the container by considering the impact of interfacial tension ratios. The shell thickness in a core-shell formation can be calculated based on the inner and middle phase flow rates as well as the middle droplet formation period. The present platform, which enables the simple production of double and higher emulsions, exhibits promising prospects for the controlled manufacturing of complex emulsions. This technology holds potential for various applications, including the experimental exploration of collision behavior or electro-hydrodynamics in emulsions as well as millimeter-size engineered microparticle fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Karim Khani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 4399-57131, Iran; (M.M.K.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Mehrnaz Oveysi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 4399-57131, Iran; (M.M.K.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Vahid Bazargan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 4399-57131, Iran; (M.M.K.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Marco Marengo
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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MacLellan AD, Easton AS, Alubankudi R, Pickett GE. Documented growth of an intracranial capillary hemangioma: A case report. Neuropathology 2024; 44:76-82. [PMID: 37403213 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial capillary hemangiomas in adults are rare, and diagnosis can be challenging. Hemangiomas, in general (and particularly in the skin), are more often noted in the pediatric population. Due to the lack of imaging undertaken in the presymptomatic phase, the literature provides few clues on the rate of growth of these unusual tumors. Therefore, we report a case of a 64-year-old man with a medical history of Lyme disease who presented with exhaustion and confusion. Imaging demonstrated an intra-axial lesion with vascularity in the posterior right temporal lobe, raising the possibility of a glioma. Imaging two years prior revealed a very small lesion in the same location. The patient underwent a craniectomy, total resection of the lesion was completed, and his symptoms of confusion resolved. Biopsy revealed a capillary hemangioma composed of small vascular channels lined by endothelial cells and pericytes without smooth muscle. Features of glioma, vascular neoplasms or neuroborreliosis (cerebral Lyme disease) were not identified. Our case documents the growth over two years of a rare intracranial capillary hemangioma in an older adult male.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander S Easton
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rufus Alubankudi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gwynedd E Pickett
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Mohta A, Mohta A, Kumari P. An Unusual Case of Anderson-Fabry Disease: Case Report. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e49573. [PMID: 38227354 PMCID: PMC10828944 DOI: 10.2196/49573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiokeratoma is a group of capillary malformations characterized by the formation of variably sized dark red hyperkeratotic papules. Initially, it was believed that angiokeratoma corporis diffusum was a telltale sign of Anderson-Fabry disease; however, current consensus states that it is also seen in various other lysosomal enzymatic deficiencies. In this report, we present the case of a 12-year-old boy who developed angiokeratoma corporis diffusum with sensorineural deafness, acroparesthesias, and renal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mohta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, India
| | - Achala Mohta
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, India
| | - Pramila Kumari
- Department of Dermatology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, India
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Madsen LS, Kjeldsen PL, Ismail R, Parbo P, Østergaard L, Brooks DJ, Eskildsen SF. Capillary dysfunction in healthy elderly APOE ε4 carriers with raised brain Aβ deposition. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:459-471. [PMID: 37679610 PMCID: PMC10917038 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Capillary dysfunction, characterized by disturbances in capillary blood flow distribution, might be an overlooked factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated microvascular blood flow in preclinical and prodromal AD individuals. METHODS Using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, we examined alterations in microvascular circulation and levels of Aβ deposition in two independent cohorts of APOE ε4 carriers. RESULTS Capillary dysfunction was elevated in both prodromal and preclinical AD individuals compared to age-matched controls. Additionally, the prodromal group exhibited higher levels of capillary dysfunction compared to the preclinical group. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that capillary dysfunction can be detected at the preclinical stage of AD and indicates a worsening of capillary dysfunction throughout the AD continuum. Understanding the interaction between capillary dysfunction and Aβ could provide insights into the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the development of AD. HIGHLIGHTS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with disturbances in microvascular circulation. Capillary dysfunction can be detected in preclinical AD. As cognitive symptoms progress in prodromal AD, capillary dysfunction worsens. Capillary dysfunction may impede the clearance of beta-amyloid (Aβ). Capillary dysfunction might contribute to the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse S. Madsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative NeuroscienceDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET‐CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Pernille L. Kjeldsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET‐CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Rola Ismail
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSygehus LillebaeltVejleDenmark
| | - Peter Parbo
- Department of Nuclear MedicineOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative NeuroscienceDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of NeuroradiologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - David J. Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET‐CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Institute of Translational and Clinical ResearchUniversity of Newcastle upon TyneNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Simon F. Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative NeuroscienceDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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Hellsten Y, Gliemann L. Peripheral limitations for performance: Muscle capillarization. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14442. [PMID: 37770233 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient delivery of oxygen and metabolic substrates, together with removal of waste products, are key elements of muscle performance. Capillaries are the primary site for this exchange in skeletal muscle and the degree of muscle capillarization affects diffusion conditions by influencing mean transit time, capillary surface area and diffusion distance. Muscle capillarization may thus represent a limiting factor for performance. Exercise training increases the number of capillaries per muscle fiber by about 10%-20% within a few weeks in untrained subjects, whereas capillary growth progresses more slowly in well-trained endurance athletes. Studies show that capillaries are tortuous, situated along and across the length of the fibers with an arrangement related to muscle fascicles. Although direct data is lacking, it is possible that years of training not only enhances capillary density but also optimizes the positioning of capillaries, to further improve the diffusion conditions. Muscle capillarization has been shown to increase oxygen extraction during exercise in humans, but direct evidence for a causal link between increased muscle capillarization and performance is scarce. This review covers current knowledge on the implications of muscle capillarization for oxygen and glucose uptake as well as performance. A brief overview of the process of capillary growth and of physical factors, inherent to exercise, which promote angiogenesis, provides the foundation for a discussion on how different training modalities may influence muscle capillary growth. Finally, we identify three areas for future research on the role of capillarization for exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Hellsten
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Transplant studies demonstrate unequivocally that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) produces diffusible signals that can sustain circadian locomotor rhythms. There is a vascular portal pathway between the SCN and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis in mouse brain. Portal pathways enable low concentrations of neurosecretions to reach specialized local targets without dilution in the systemic circulation. To explore the SCN vasculature and the capillary vessels whereby SCN neurosecretions might reach portal vessels, we investigated the blood vessels (BVs) of the core and shell SCN. The arterial supply of the SCN differs among animals, and in some animals, there are differences between the 2 sides. The rostral SCN is supplied by branches from either the superior hypophyseal artery (SHpA) or the anterior cerebral artery or the anterior communicating artery. The caudal SCN is consistently supplied by the SHpA. The rostral SCN is drained by the preoptic vein, while the caudal is drained by the basal vein, with variations in laterality of draining vessels. In addition, several key features of the core and shell SCN regions differ: Median BV diameter is significantly smaller in the shell than the core based on confocal image measurements, and a similar trend occurs in iDISCO-cleared tissue. In the cleared tissue, whole BV length density and surface area density are significantly greater in the shell than the core. Finally, capillary length density is also greater in the shell than the core. The results suggest three hypotheses: First, the distinct arterial and venous systems of the rostral and caudal SCN may contribute to the in vivo variations of metabolic and neural activities observed in SCN networks. Second, the dense capillaries of the SCN shell are well positioned to transport blood-borne signals. Finally, variations in SCN vascular supply and drainage may contribute to inter-animal differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY
| | | | - Alana B. Taub
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
| | - Ruya Tazebay
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
| | - Joseph LeSauter
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY
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Mitsui R, Miwa-Nishimura K, Hashitani H. Roles of endothelial prostaglandin I 2 in maintaining synchronous spontaneous Ca 2+ transients in rectal capillary pericytes. J Physiol 2023; 601:5213-5240. [PMID: 37819628 DOI: 10.1113/jp284284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In hollow visceral organs, capillary pericytes appear to drive spontaneous Ca2+ transients in the upstream arterioles. Here, mechanisms underlying the intercellular synchrony of pericyte Ca2+ transients were explored. Ca2+ dynamics in NG2 chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (NG2)-expressing capillary pericytes were examined using rectal mucosa-submucosa preparations of NG2-GCaMP6 mice. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients arising from endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release were synchronously developed amongst capillary pericytes in a gap junction blocker (3 μM carbenoxolone)-sensitive manner and could spread into upstream vascular segments. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients were suppressed by the Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel (CaCC) blocker niflumic acid and their synchrony was diminished by a TMEM16A inhibitor (3 μM Ani9) in accordance with TMEM16A immunoreactivity in pericytes. In capillaries where cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 immunoreactivity was expressed in endothelium but not pericytes, non-selective COX inhibitors (1 μM indomethacin or 10 μM diclofenac) or COX-2 inhibitor (10 μM NS 398) disrupted the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and raised the basal Ca2+ level. Subsequent prostaglandin I2 (PGI2 ; 100 nM) or the KATP channel opener levcromakalim restored the synchrony with a reduction in the Ca2+ level. PGI2 receptor antagonist (1 μM RO1138452) also disrupted the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and increased the basal Ca2+ level. Subsequent levcromakalim restored the synchrony and reversed the Ca2+ rise. Thus, the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in pericytes appears to be developed by the spread of spontaneous transient depolarisations arising from the opening of TMEM16A CaCCs. Endothelial PGI2 may play a role in maintaining the synchrony, presumably by stabilising the resting membrane potential in pericytes. KEY POINTS: Capillary pericytes in the rectal mucosa generate synchronous spontaneous Ca2+ transients that could spread into the upstream vascular segment. Spontaneous Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the opening of Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel TMEM16A and resultant depolarisations that spread amongst pericytes via gap junctions, establishing the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in pericytes. Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2 ), which is constitutively produced by the endothelium depending on cyclooxygenase-2, appears to prevent premature ER Ca2+ releases in the pericytes allowing periodic, regenerative Ca2+ releases. Endothelial PGI2 may maintain the synchrony of pericyte activity by stabilising pericyte resting membrane potential by opening of KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miwa-Nishimura
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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13
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Margolis EA, Friend NE, Rolle MW, Alsberg E, Putnam AJ. Manufacturing the multiscale vascular hierarchy: progress toward solving the grand challenge of tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1400-1416. [PMID: 37169690 PMCID: PMC10593098 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In human vascular anatomy, blood flows from the heart to organs and tissues through a hierarchical vascular tree, comprising large arteries that branch into arterioles and further into capillaries, where gas and nutrient exchange occur. Engineering a complete, integrated vascular hierarchy with vessels large enough to suture, strong enough to withstand hemodynamic forces, and a branching structure to permit immediate perfusion of a fluidic circuit across scales would be transformative for regenerative medicine (RM), enabling the translation of engineered tissues of clinically relevant size, and perhaps whole organs. How close are we to solving this biological plumbing problem? In this review, we highlight advances in engineered vasculature at individual scales and focus on recent strategies to integrate across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Margolis
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicole E Friend
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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14
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Thorel M, Roman Y, Leclerc A. Influence of Freezing Temperature, Freezing Duration, and Repeated Freeze/Thaw Cycles on Electrophoretic Profiles in the White Stork ( Ciconia ciconia). J Avian Med Surg 2023; 37:266-274. [PMID: 37962319 DOI: 10.1647/22-00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasma electrophoresis is an ancillary diagnostic tool in avian medicine, with agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) being the most common techniques. Frozen samples can be used for quantitative studies or comparative diagnostic purposes, but stability of avian plasma proteins under freezing is poorly described. To evaluate the influence of plasma freezing on electrophoretograms in white storks (Ciconia ciconia), heparin blood was sampled from 30 individuals during annual health examinations. Plasma samples were obtained after centrifugation of fresh samples and divided into aliquots. Both AGE and CZE were performed on fresh aliquots. The remaining aliquots were frozen at -20°C (-4°F) or -180°C (-292°F) and thawed following different protocols: 1 freeze/thaw cycle after 6 months at -20°C; 1, 2, 4, and 7 cycles over 12 months at -20°C; and 1 cycle after 18 months at -180°C. For both techniques, electrophoretic profiles obtained from these thawed aliquots were compared to fresh electrophoretograms. Quantitatively, significant differences (P < 0.05) in most fractions were seen from 6 months postfreezing at -20°C for both techniques. Fewer statistically significant differences were observed after 18 months under cryogenic preservation (-180°C). Qualitatively, AGE provided more repeatable and stable results than CZE over time on samples stored at -20°C, and electrophoretograms were stable after 18 months of cryogenic storage. An electromigration distortion associated with freezing was seen with CZE only. Plasma samples stored in a conventional freezer (-20°C) should not be compared to fresh plasma. For quantitative studies, cryogenic storage should be privileged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Thorel
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, 41110 Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Yannick Roman
- Le Parc de Clères, Département de Seine Maritime, 76690 Clères, France
| | - Antoine Leclerc
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, 41110 Saint-Aignan, France,
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15
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Sandow SL, Wilson SM, Leo MD. Editorial: The role of pericytes in physiology and pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1306031. [PMID: 37929215 PMCID: PMC10625401 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1306031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun L. Sandow
- Biomedical Science, School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, and Center for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sean M. Wilson
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - M. Dennis Leo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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16
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Hein M, Mehnert A, Freund KB, Yu DY, Balaratnasingam C. Variability in Capillary Perfusion Is Increased in Regions of Retinal Ischemia Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:30. [PMID: 37856113 PMCID: PMC10615145 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate alterations in macular perfusion variability due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) using a novel approach based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) coefficient of variation (CoV) analysis. Methods Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with macular ischemia due to BRVO were studied. Multiple consecutive en face OCTA images were acquired. Bias field correction, spatial alignment, and normalization of intensities across the images were performed followed by pixelwise computation of standard deviation divided by the mean to generate a CoV map. Region of interest-based CoV values, derived from this map, for arterioles, venules, and the microvasculature were compared between regions with macular ischemia and control areas of the same eye. Control areas were regions of the same macula that were not affected by the BRVO and had normal retinal vascular structure as seen on multimodal imaging and normal retinal vascular density measurements as quantified using OCTA. Results CoV increased by a mean value of 17.6% within the microvasculature of ischemic regions compared to the control microvasculature (P < 0.0001). CoV measurements of microvasculature were consistently greater in the ischemic area of all 13 eyes compared to control. There were no differences in CoV measurements between ischemic and control areas for arterioles (P = 0.13) and venules (P = 1.0). Conclusions Greater variability in microvasculature perfusion occurs at sites of macular ischemia due to BRVO. We report a novel way for quantifying macular perfusion variability using OCTA. This technique may have applicability for studying the pathophysiology of other retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hein
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew Mehnert
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - K. Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Dao-Yi Yu
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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17
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Shima Y, Watanabe A, Inoue N, Maruyama T, Kunitomo E, Kumanogoh A. Heating of the neck or elbows alleviates Raynaud's phenomenon but has different effects on different types of patients with systemic sclerosis. Mod Rheumatol 2023:road091. [PMID: 37706545 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously reported that heating of the neck or elbows alleviated Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis and upregulated capillary extension factor angiopoietin-1 (Angpt-1) in the fingertips. Here, we investigated which cases responded better to the effect of heating of the neck or elbows. METHODS The pre- to post-heating change in the visual analogue scale for Raynaud's phenomenon (ΔVAS) was examined for correlation with age, disease duration, autoantibodies, disease types, corticosteroid dose, capillaroscopic nailfold capillary damage, fingertip Angpt-1 concentrations at baseline, and increased rate of Angpt-1 concentration. RESULTS The ΔVAS for elbow heating correlated positively with the baseline Angpt-1 concentration, whereas the opposite correlation was observed for neck heating. The other items were not significantly correlated with the ΔVAS; however, the ΔVAS for elbow heating tended to be larger in patients with advanced capillary damage, whereas the opposite trend was observed for neck heating. CONCLUSIONS Elbow and neck heating alleviated Raynaud's phenomenon to a similar extent, but their mechanism was different. Heating the elbows had a greater effect on patients with advanced capillary damage and lower fingertip Angpt-1 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shima
- Laboratory of Thermo-therapeutics for Vascular Dysfunction, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akane Watanabe
- Laboratory of Thermo-therapeutics for Vascular Dysfunction, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Nobuto Inoue
- Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Maruyama
- Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiji Kunitomo
- Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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18
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Zeng J, Zhang W, Guo T, Lou Y, Wang W, Zhao Z, Wang C. Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Dual-Beam Laser Polishing Additive Manufacturing Ti6Al4V. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1765. [PMID: 37763928 PMCID: PMC10534757 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Laser polishing is an emerging efficient technique to remove surface asperity without polluting the environment. However, the insufficient understanding of the mechanism of laser polishing has limited its practical application in industry. In this study, a dual-beam laser polishing experiment was carried out to reduce the roughness of a primary Ti6Al4V sample, and the polishing mechanism was well studied using simulation analysis. The results showed that the surface roughness of the sample was efficiently reduced from an initial 10.96 μm to 1.421 μm using dual-beam laser processing. The simulation analysis regarding the evolution of material surface morphology and the flow behavior of the molten pool during laser the polishing process revealed that the capillary force attributed to surface tension was the main driving force for flattening the large curvature surface of the molten pool at the initial stage, whereas the thermocapillary force influenced from temperature gradient played the key role of eliminating the secondary roughness at the edge of the molten pool during the continuous wave laser polishing process. However, the effect of thermocapillary force can be ignored during the second processing stage in dual-beam laser polishing. The simulation result is well in agreement with the experimental result, indicating the accuracy of the mechanism for the dual-beam laser polishing process. In summary, this work reveals the effect of capillary force and thermocapillary force on molten pool flows during the dual-beam laser polishing processes. Moreover, it is also proved that the dual-beam laser polishing process can further reduce the surface roughness of a sample and obtain a smoother surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Zeng
- School of Sino-German Robitics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
- College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Sino-German Robitics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Ting Guo
- School of Sino-German Robitics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yan Lou
- College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- School of Sino-German Robitics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- School of Sino-German Robitics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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19
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Qi C, Ma X, Zhong J, Fang J, Huang Y, Deng X, Kong T, Liu Z. Facile and Programmable Capillary-Induced Assembly of Prototissues via Hanging Drop Arrays. ACS Nano 2023; 17:16787-16797. [PMID: 37639562 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
An important goal for bottom-up synthetic biology is to construct tissue-like structures from artificial cells. The key is the ability to control the assembly of the individual artificial cells. Unlike most methods resorting to external fields or sophisticated devices, inspired by the hanging drop method used for culturing spheroids of biological cells, we employ a capillary-driven approach to assemble giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs)-based protocells into colonized prototissue arrays by means of a coverslip with patterned wettability. By spatially confining and controllably merging a mixed population of lipid-coated double-emulsion droplets that hang on a water/oil interface, an array of synthetic tissue-like constructs can be obtained. Each prototissue module in the array comprises multiple tightly packed droplet compartments where interfacial lipid bilayers are self-assembled at the interfaces both between two neighboring droplets and between the droplet and the external aqueous environment. The number, shape, and composition of the interconnected droplet compartments can be precisely controlled. Each prototissue module functions as a processer, in which fast signal transports of molecules via cell-cell and cell-environment communications have been demonstrated by molecular diffusions and cascade enzyme reactions, exhibiting the ability to be used as biochemical sensing and microreactor arrays. Our work provides a simple yet scalable and programmable method to form arrays of prototissues for synthetic biology, tissue engineering, and high-throughput assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Junfeng Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Jiangyu Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Yuanding Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xiaokang Deng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
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20
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Setford S, Phillips S, Cameron H, Grady M. Distribution of Oxygen Partial Pressures in Native Capillary Fingertip Blood Samples From a Large Diabetes Patient Population. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:1317-1320. [PMID: 35587101 PMCID: PMC10563546 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221095055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A data set comprising 28 533 oxygen partial pressure (pO2) values gathered from nonarterialized fingertip capillary blood samples of a large diabetes population is reported. Data were gathered routinely as part of the ongoing clinical surveillance activities of a blood glucose monitoring (BGM) system manufacturer. Overall, a mean pO2 level of 75.3 mm Hg was recorded, with a standard deviation (SD) of 10.6 mm Hg and a range of 27.7 to 151.5 mm Hg. This data set, unique in terms of size, gathered more than 14 years at four separate clinical sites, provides a robust and comprehensive representation of an unmanipulated pO2 fingertip capillary sample distribution, which should be of interest for physiological reasons, but also from a medical device development perspective, in which the effect of pO2 on device performance may be an important design consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mike Grady
- LifeScan Scotland Ltd, Inverness, Highland, UK
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21
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Pirri C, Wells RG, De Caro R, Stecco C, Theise ND. What's old is new again: The anatomical studies of Franklin P. Mall and the fascial-interstitial spaces. Clin Anat 2023; 36:887-895. [PMID: 36942935 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Franklin Mall was one of the foremost scientists of the turn of the 19th century, an exemplary mentor as well as researcher, and his revolutionary contributions are still relevant today. Mall's early training in Leipzig with Wilhelm His and Carl Ludwig provided him with an unusual perspective on the integration of anatomy and physiology, and his interest in the links between structure and function guided the work he carried out after joining the faculty of the new Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Mall carried out innovative studies on the one hand using dye injection to trace blood and lymphatic supplies to different organs and on the other hand using "putrefaction" to digest tissues and study the organization of the reticular space, demonstrating that it was the underlying source of support for all the organs. These two studies of Mall's, carried out independently, provide the basis for modern studies integrating the understanding of fascia and interstitial spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Pirri
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rebecca G Wells
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Stecco
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Neil D Theise
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Kujala J, Wester N, Lohela TJ, Kurkela M, Backman JT, Mikladal B, Laurila T, Koskinen J, Lilius TO, Kalso EA. Introduction of an electrochemical point-of-care assay for quantitative determination of paracetamol in finger-prick capillary whole blood samples. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:2933-2938. [PMID: 37218304 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Measuring venous plasma paracetamol concentrations is time- and resource-consuming. We aimed to validate a novel electrochemical point-of-care (POC) assay for rapid paracetamol concentration determinations. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers received 1 g oral paracetamol, and its concentrations were analysed 10 times over 12 h for capillary whole blood (POC), venous plasma (high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)), and dried capillary blood (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS At concentrations >30 μM, POC showed upward biases of 20% (95% limits of agreement [LOA] -22 to 62) and 7% (95% LOA -23 to 38) compared with venous plasma and capillary blood HPLC-MS/MS, respectively. There were no significant differences between mean concentrations for the paracetamol elimination phase. CONCLUSIONS Upward biases in POC compared with venous plasma HPLC-MS/MS were likely due to higher paracetamol concentrations in capillary blood than in venous plasma and to faulty individual sensors. The novel POC method is a promising tool for paracetamol concentration analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kujala
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- Fepod Oy Ltd, c/o Terkko Health Hub, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi J Lohela
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kurkela
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tomi Laurila
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas O Lilius
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Finnish Poison Information Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija A Kalso
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Cohen PR, Gutierrez N, Erickson CP, Calame A. Halo Phenomenon in Lobular Capillary Hemangioma: A Case Report of a Pyogenic Granuloma With Surrounding Cutaneous Hypopigmentation and Review of Tumors With Halo Phenomenon. Cureus 2023; 15:e43228. [PMID: 37692697 PMCID: PMC10491431 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A halo phenomenon describes a skin neoplasm that is surrounded by a hypopigmented or white halo. Halo lesions have been observed in association with an epithelial neoplasm (seborrheic keratosis), a fibrous lesion (surgical scar), a keratinocyte malignancy (basal cell carcinoma), melanocytic neoplasms, and vascular lesions. Benign lesions (café au lait macules and nevi) and malignant tumors (primary and metastatic melanoma) are melanocytic neoplasms that have developed perilesional halos. Halo nevi are a commonly occurring manifestation of a halo phenomenon; however, perilesional hypopigmented halos have also been observed around nevi in patients following treatment with antineoplastic drugs, acquisition of COVID-19 (infection and vaccine), the occurrence of a visceral tumor (including not only melanoma, but also papillary thyroid carcinoma and neuroendocrine cancer of the lung), surgery (such as the excision of a primary melanoma), and Turner syndrome. A halo phenomenon has also been observed in patients with congenital (capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation and congenital hemangioma) or acquired (angioma, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, infantile hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma) vascular lesions. In summary, a halo phenomenon can occur in association with primary lesions of various embryologic derivations. Most commonly, they have been observed in around nevi and vascular tumors. Halo lobular capillary hemangioma can be added to the list of acquired vascular lesions with the potential to develop a halo phenomenon. The preservation of melanocytes with loss of melanin pigment expression in the reported patient suggests the possibility that a post-inflammatory etiology may be responsible for the genesis of her halo lobular capillary hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Cohen
- Dermatology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA
| | - Nikolas Gutierrez
- General Practice, United States Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 3, Port Hueneme, USA
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Morris GP, Foster CG, Courtney J, Collins JM, Cashion JM, Brown LS, Howells DW, DeLuca GC, Canty AJ, King AE, Ziebell JM, Sutherland BA. Microglia directly associate with pericytes in the central nervous system. Glia 2023; 71:1847-1869. [PMID: 36994950 PMCID: PMC10952742 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is important for the maintenance of brain function and its dysregulation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia associations with capillaries suggest they may play a role in the regulation of CBF or the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). We explored the relationship between microglia and pericytes, a vessel-resident cell type that has a major role in the control of CBF and maintenance of the BBB, discovering a spatially distinct subset of microglia that closely associate with pericytes. We termed these pericyte-associated microglia (PEM). PEM are present throughout the brain and spinal cord in NG2DsRed × CX3 CR1+/GFP mice, and in the human frontal cortex. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy, we found microglia residing adjacent to pericytes at all levels of the capillary tree and found they can maintain their position for at least 28 days. PEM can associate with pericytes lacking astroglial endfeet coverage and capillary vessel width is increased beneath pericytes with or without an associated PEM, but capillary width decreases if a pericyte loses a PEM. Deletion of the microglia fractalkine receptor (CX3 CR1) did not disrupt the association between pericytes and PEM. Finally, we found the proportion of microglia that are PEM declines in the superior frontal gyrus in AD. In summary, we identify microglia that specifically associate with pericytes and find these are reduced in number in AD, which may be a novel mechanism contributing to vascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P. Morris
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Catherine G. Foster
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jo‐Maree Courtney
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jessica M. Collins
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jake M. Cashion
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Lachlan S. Brown
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - David W. Howells
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Gabriele C. DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alison J. Canty
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Global Brain Health InstituteTrinity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Anna E. King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jenna M. Ziebell
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Brad A. Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
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Pratiwi TN, Iwai T, Nakaya I, Lenggoro IW. Observation of viscous liquid flow in tobacco substrate during heating using optical coherence tomography. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230150. [PMID: 37621659 PMCID: PMC10445032 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor the dynamics of a highly viscous liquid in a porous tobacco substrate during heating. The OCT technique was integrated with a specially designed heating chamber and an air pump for measuring. Two transitional points in the liquid behaviours at different temperatures were estimated using OCT and statistical analysis of the attenuation coefficient. The first point, 'A', shows the time approximation at which the penetration-dominant zone transitions into the evaporation-dominant zone. The second point, 'B', indicates the time approximation at which rapid evaporation of free liquid transitions into slow evaporation of trapped and bound liquid. This analytical system is an alternative for tracking liquid transport in porous biomass during heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara N. Pratiwi
- Department of Food and Energy Systems Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Iwai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iori Nakaya
- Graduate School of BASE, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I. Wuled Lenggoro
- Graduate School of BASE, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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Adamek M, Mlcek J, Skowronkova N, Zvonkova M, Jasso M, Adamkova A, Skacel J, Buresova I, Sebestikova R, Cernekova M, Buckova M. 3D Printed Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Capillaries for Chemiresistive Gas Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6817. [PMID: 37571598 PMCID: PMC10422458 DOI: 10.3390/s23156817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the possible use of 3D fused deposition modeling (FDM) to fabricate capillaries for low-cost chemiresistive gas sensors that are often used in various applications. The disadvantage of these sensors is low selectivity, but 3D printed FDM capillaries have the potential to increase their selectivity. Capillaries with 1, 2 and 3 tiers with a length of 1.5 m, 3.1 m and 4.7 m were designed and manufactured. Food and goods available in the general trade network were used as samples (alcohol, seafood, chicken thigh meat, acetone-free nail polish remover and gas from a gas lighter) were also tested. The "Vodka" sample was used as a standard for determining the effect of capillary parameters on the output signal of the MiCS6814 sensor. The results show the shift of individual parts of the signal in time depending on the parameters of the capillary and the carrier air flow. A three-tier capillary was chosen for the comparison of gas samples with each other. The graphs show the differences between individual samples, not only in the height of the output signal but also in its time characteristic. The tested 3D printed FDM capillaries thus made it possible to characterize the output response by also using an inexpensive chemiresistive gas sensor in the time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Adamek
- Department of Automation and Control Engineering, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Stranemi 4511, 760 05 Zlin, Czech Republic;
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (N.S.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Nela Skowronkova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (N.S.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Magdalena Zvonkova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (N.S.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Miroslav Jasso
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (N.S.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Anna Adamkova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (N.S.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Josef Skacel
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Iva Buresova
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (I.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Romana Sebestikova
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (I.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Martina Cernekova
- Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | - Martina Buckova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (N.S.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (M.B.)
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27
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Pirtle FA, Maldonado D, Yingchoncharoen P, Thongpiya J, Leelaviwat N, Cavazos A, Stetson CL. Rumpel-Leede Phenomenon Following Radial Artery Catheterisation. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2023; 10:003990. [PMID: 37554476 PMCID: PMC10405879 DOI: 10.12890/2023_003990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rumpel-Leede phenomenon is a rarely diagnosed entity that can be seen in patients following the application of tourniquet-like forces to the extremities. This phenomenon describes petechiae and purpura secondary to venous compression and congestion, with its underlying aetiology involving the fragility of capillary vessels within the dermis. This condition is associated with chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, peripheral vascular disease and systemic inflammatory diseases, including infections. In addition, patients with coagulopathy including thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction from antiplatelet use, or those with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, are predisposed to capillary haemorrhage and petechiae formation. In this report, we present a case of a patient who developed Rumpel-Leede phenomenon following catheterisation of the right radial artery with spontaneous resolution - where only five cases have been reported to date - with the aim to make clinicians aware of this condition and to avoid unnecessary interventions. LEARNING POINTS Rumpel-Leede phenomenon is a benign condition that can be seen after tourniquet-like compression of a limb in those with capillary fragility.Dermatologists and other practitioners should remain aware of the phenomenon, helping to avoid unnecessary investigation.Rumpel-Leede phenomenon self-resolves, with only supportive treatment required with no reported lingering effects to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floyd A. Pirtle
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Dylan Maldonado
- Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Jerapas Thongpiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Natnicha Leelaviwat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Annia Cavazos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Cloyce L. Stetson
- Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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28
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Schwarting J, Nehrkorn K, Harapan BN, Balbi M, Terpolilli NA, Plesnila N. Pericytes Are Not Associated With Reduced Capillary Perfusion After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2023. [PMID: 37381898 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.042936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by an acute reduction of cerebral blood flow and subsequent cortical infarcts, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Since pericytes regulate cerebral perfusion on the capillary level, we hypothesize that pericytes may reduce cerebral perfusion after SAH. METHODS Pericytes and vessel diameters of cerebral microvessels were imaged in vivo using NG2 (neuron-glial antigen 2) reporter mice and 2-photon microscopy before and 3 hours after sham surgery or induction of SAH by perforating the middle cerebral artery with an intraluminal filament. Twenty-four hours after, SAH pericyte density was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SAH caused pearl-string-like constrictions of pial arterioles, slowed down blood flow velocity in pial arterioles by 50%, and reduced the volume of intraparenchymal arterioles and capillaries by up to 70% but did not affect pericyte density or induce capillary constriction by pericytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that perfusion deficits after SAH are not induced by pericyte-mediated capillary constrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwarting
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Germany. (J.S., K.N., B.N.H., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (J.S.)
| | - Katrin Nehrkorn
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Germany. (J.S., K.N., B.N.H., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
- Munich Cluster for System Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (K.N., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
| | - Biyan N Harapan
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Germany. (J.S., K.N., B.N.H., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Munich University Hospital, Germany. (B.N.H., N.T.)
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Germany. (J.S., K.N., B.N.H., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
- Munich Cluster for System Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (K.N., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
| | - Nicole A Terpolilli
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Germany. (J.S., K.N., B.N.H., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Munich University Hospital, Germany. (B.N.H., N.T.)
- Munich Cluster for System Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (K.N., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Germany. (J.S., K.N., B.N.H., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
- Munich Cluster for System Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (K.N., M.B., N.T., N.P.)
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29
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Li J, Guo Y, Ren P, Zhang Y, Han R, Xiong L. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein-Mediated Polymer Dots for Multimodal Imaging Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue Capillaries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:28981-28992. [PMID: 37289581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissues (BATs) have been identified as a promising target of metabolism disorders. [18F]FDG-PET (FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose; PET = positron emission tomography) has been predominantly employed for BAT imaging, but its limitations drive the urgent need for novel functional probes combined with multimodal imaging approaches. It has been reported that polymer dots (Pdots) display rapid BAT imaging without additional cold stimulation. However, the mechanism by which Pdots image BAT remains unclear. Here, we made an intensive study of the imaging mechanism and found that Pdots can bind to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). By virtue of their high affinity to TRLs, Pdots selectively accumulate in capillary endothelial cells (ECs) in interscapular brown adipose tissues (iBATs). Compared to poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)cumene terminated (PSMAC)-Pdots with a short half-life and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Pdots with low lipophilicity, naked-Pdots have good lipophilicity, with a half-life of about 30 min and up to 94% uptake in capillary ECs within 5 min, increasing rapidly after acute cold stimulation. These results suggested that the accumulation changes of Pdots in iBAT can reflect iBAT activity sensitively. Based on this mechanism, we further developed a strategy to detect iBAT activity and quantify the TRL uptake in vivo using multimodal Pdots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Guo
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Panting Ren
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
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Davis H, Attwell D. A tight squeeze: how do we make sense of small changes in microvascular diameter? J Physiol 2023; 601:2263-2272. [PMID: 37036208 PMCID: PMC10953087 DOI: 10.1113/jp284207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is an energetically demanding tissue which, to function adequately, requires constant fine tuning of its supporting blood flow, and hence energy supply. Whilst blood flow was traditionally believed to be regulated only by vascular smooth muscle cells on arteries and arterioles supplying the brain, recent work has suggested a critical role for capillary pericytes, which are also contractile. This concept has evoked some controversy, especially over the relative contributions of arterioles and capillaries to the control of cerebral blood flow. Here we outline why pericytes are in a privileged position to control cerebral blood flow. First we discuss the evidence, and fundamental equations, which describe how the small starting diameter of capillaries, compared to upstream arterioles, confers a potentially greater control by capillary pericytes than by arterioles over total cerebral vascular resistance. Then we suggest that the faster time frame over which low branch order capillary pericytes dilate in response to local energy demands provides a niche role for pericytes to regulate blood flow compared to slower responding arterioles. Finally, we discuss the role of pericytes in capillary stalling, whereby pericyte contraction appears to facilitate a transient stall of circulating blood cells, exacerbating the effect of pericytes upon cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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31
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Baum O, Huber-Abel FAM, Flück M. nNOS Increases Fiber Type-Specific Angiogenesis in Skeletal Muscle of Mice in Response to Endurance Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119341. [PMID: 37298293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the relationship between neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) expression and capillarity in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mice subjected to treadmill training. The mRNA (+131%) and protein (+63%) levels of nNOS were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the TA muscle of C57BL/6 mice undergoing treadmill training for 28 days than in those of littermates remaining sedentary, indicating an up-regulation of nNOS by endurance exercise. Both TA muscles of 16 C57BL/6 mice were subjected to gene electroporation with either the pIRES2-ZsGreen1 plasmid (control plasmid) or the pIRES2-ZsGreen1-nNOS gene-inserted plasmid (nNOS plasmid). Subsequently, one group of mice (n = 8) underwent treadmill training for seven days, while the second group of mice (n = 8) remained sedentary. At study end, 12-18% of TA muscle fibers expressed the fluorescent reporter gene ZsGreen1. Immunofluorescence for nNOS was 23% higher (p ≤ 0.05) in ZsGreen1-positive fibers than ZsGreen1-negative fibers from the nNOS-transfected TA muscle of mice subjected to treadmill training. Capillary contacts around myosin heavy-chain (MHC)-IIb immunoreactive fibers (14.2%; p ≤ 0.05) were only higher in ZsGreen1-positive fibers than ZsGreen1-negative fibers in the nNOS-plasmid-transfected TA muscles of trained mice. Our observations are in line with an angiogenic effect of quantitative increases in nNOS expression, specifically in type-IIb muscle fibers after treadmill training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baum
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Flück
- Heart Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Department EMC, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Tarawneh R. Microvascular Contributions to Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis: Is Alzheimer Disease Primarily an Endotheliopathy? Biomolecules 2023; 13:830. [PMID: 37238700 PMCID: PMC10216678 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) models are based on the notion that abnormal protein aggregation is the primary event in AD, which begins a decade or longer prior to symptom onset, and culminates in neurodegeneration; however, emerging evidence from animal and clinical studies suggests that reduced blood flow due to capillary loss and endothelial dysfunction are early and primary events in AD pathogenesis, which may precede amyloid and tau aggregation, and contribute to neuronal and synaptic injury via direct and indirect mechanisms. Recent data from clinical studies suggests that endothelial dysfunction is closely associated with cognitive outcomes in AD and that therapeutic strategies which promote endothelial repair in early AD may offer a potential opportunity to prevent or slow disease progression. This review examines evidence from clinical, imaging, neuropathological, and animal studies supporting vascular contributions to the onset and progression of AD pathology. Together, these observations support the notion that the onset of AD may be primarily influenced by vascular, rather than neurodegenerative, mechanisms and emphasize the importance of further investigations into the vascular hypothesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, Center for Memory and Aging, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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Kam CY, Singh ID, Gonzalez DG, Matte-Martone C, Solá P, Solanas G, Bonjoch J, Marsh E, Hirschi KK, Greco V. Mechanisms of skin vascular maturation and maintenance captured by longitudinal imaging of live mice. Cell 2023; 186:2345-2360.e16. [PMID: 37167971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A functional network of blood vessels is essential for organ growth and homeostasis, yet how the vasculature matures and maintains homeostasis remains elusive in live mice. By longitudinally tracking the same neonatal endothelial cells (ECs) over days to weeks, we found that capillary plexus expansion is driven by vessel regression to optimize network perfusion. Neonatal ECs rearrange positions to evenly distribute throughout the developing plexus and become positionally stable in adulthood. Upon local ablation, adult ECs survive through a plasmalemmal self-repair response, while neonatal ECs are predisposed to die. Furthermore, adult ECs reactivate migration to assist vessel repair. Global ablation reveals coordinated maintenance of the adult vascular architecture that allows for eventual network recovery. Lastly, neonatal remodeling and adult maintenance of the skin vascular plexus are orchestrated by temporally restricted, neonatal VEGFR2 signaling. Our work sheds light on fundamental mechanisms that underlie both vascular maturation and adult homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan Kam
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ishani D Singh
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Paloma Solá
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Solanas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Bonjoch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edward Marsh
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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34
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Moore M, Courville EL. Work-up of Patients with Decreased Hemoglobin A2 Identified by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis: A North American Institutional Experience. Lab Med 2023; 54:235-240. [PMID: 36239634 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isolated low hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) is rarely encountered in our clinical practice using capillary zone electrophoresis. The study goal was to characterize the work-up at our institution of patients with low HbA2. METHODS Patients with low HbA2 and a control cohort with normal capillary zone electrophoresis were identified and relevant information extracted from the medical record. RESULTS Of 44 patients with isolated decreased HbA2, 28 (64%) had corresponding complete blood count/ferritin values. Compared to control patients, patients with low HbA2 were more likely to have iron deficiency and demonstrated a more microcytic, hypochromic blood picture. However, 46% (13/28) of patients with low HbA2 and ferritin for evaluation did not have iron deficiency. Only 2 patients had genetic testing. CONCLUSION This study redemonstrates the association between low HbA2 and iron deficiency and reinforces the need for iron indices to interpret capillary zone electrophoresis results. Our study population showed incomplete or absent iron studies in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Moore
- University of Virginia School of Medicine and University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Courville
- University of Virginia School of Medicine and University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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DeBeer T, Jordan LC, Waddle S, Lee C, Patel NJ, Garza M, Davis LT, Pruthi S, Jones S, Donahue MJ. Red cell exchange transfusions increase cerebral capillary transit times and may alter oxygen extraction in sickle cell disease. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4889. [PMID: 36468659 PMCID: PMC10106384 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Persons with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from chronic hemolytic anemia, reduced blood oxygen content, and lifelong risk of silent and overt stroke. Major conventional stroke risk factors are absent in most individuals with SCD, yet nearly 50% have evidence of brain infarcts by the age of 30 years, indicating alternative etiologies for ischemia. We investigated whether radiological evidence of accelerated blood water transit through capillaries, visible on arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging, reduces following transfusion-induced increases in hemoglobin and relates to oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Neurological evaluation along with anatomical and hemodynamic imaging with cerebral blood flow (CBF)-weighted pseudocontinuous ASL and OEF imaging with T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging were applied in sequence before and after blood transfusion therapy (n = 32) and in a comparator cohort of nontransfused SCD participants on hydroxyurea therapy scanned at two time points to assess stability without interim intervention (n = 13). OEF was calculated separately using models derived from human hemoglobin-F, hemoglobin-A, and hemoglobin-S. Gray matter CBF and dural sinus signal, indicative of rapid blood transit, were evaluated at each time point and compared with OEF using paired statistical tests (significance: two-sided p < 0.05). No significant change in sinus signal was observed in nontransfused participants (p = 0.650), but a reduction was observed in transfused participants (p = 0.034), consistent with slower red cell transit following transfusion. The dural sinus signal intensity was inversely associated with OEF pretransfusion (p = 0.011), but not posttransfusion. Study findings suggest that transfusion-induced increases in total hemoglobin may lengthen blood transit times through cerebral capillaries and alter cerebral OEF in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonner DeBeer
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lori C. Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Spencer Waddle
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chelsea Lee
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Niral J. Patel
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Garza
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L. Taylor Davis
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sumit Pruthi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sky Jones
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J. Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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36
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Giblin JT, Park SW, Jiang J, Kılıç K, Kura S, Tang J, Boas DA, Chen IA. Measuring capillary flow dynamics using interlaced two-photon volumetric scanning. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:595-609. [PMID: 36495178 PMCID: PMC10063827 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221145091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are two standard methods for measuring flow speeds of red blood cells in microvessels, particularly in animal models. However, traditional two photon microscopy lacks the depth of field to adequately capture the full volumetric complexity of the cerebral microvasculature and OCT lacks the specificity offered by fluorescent labeling. In addition, the traditional raster scanning technique utilized in both modalities requires a balance of image frame rate and field of view, which severely limits the study of RBC velocities in the microvascular network. Here, we overcome this by using a custom two photon system with an axicon based Bessel beam to obtain volumetric images of the microvascular network with fluorescent specificity. We combine this with a novel scan pattern that generates pairs of frames with short time delay sufficient for tracking red blood cell flow in capillaries. We track RBC flow speeds in 10 or more capillaries simultaneously at 1 Hz in a 237 µm × 237 µm × 120 µm volume and quantified both their spatial and temporal variability in speed. We also demonstrate the ability to track flow speed changes around stalls in capillary flow and measure to 300 µm in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Giblin
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seong-Wook Park
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Jiang
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianbo Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - David A Boas
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ichun A Chen
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Bjørnholm KD, Del Gaudio F, Li H, Li W, Vazquez-Liebanas E, Mäe MA, Lendahl U, Betsholtz C, Nilsson P, Karlström H, Vanlandewijck M. A robust and efficient microvascular isolation method for multimodal characterization of the mouse brain vasculature. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100431. [PMID: 37056377 PMCID: PMC10088242 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Studying disease-related changes in the brain vasculature is warranted due to its crucial role in supplying oxygen and nutrients and removing waste and due to the anticipated vascular dysfunction in brain diseases. To this end, we have developed a protocol for fast and simple isolation of brain vascular fragments without the use of transgenic reporters. We used it to isolate and analyze 22,515 cells by single-cell RNA sequencing. The cells distributed into 23 distinct clusters corresponding to all known vascular and perivascular cell types in the brain. Western blot analysis also suggested that the protocol is suitable for proteomic analysis. We further adapted it for the establishment of primary cell cultures. The protocol generated highly reproducible results. In conclusion, we have developed a simple and robust brain vascular isolation protocol suitable for different experimental modalities, such as single-cell analyses, western blotting, and primary cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Dahl Bjørnholm
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Weihan Li
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisa Vazquez-Liebanas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Helena Karlström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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38
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Wells BN, Russell McEvoy GM, Shogan H, Kiley ME, Fraser GM. Fixing skeletal muscle PO 2 eliminates hyperinsulinemic microvascular blood flow response. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12805. [PMID: 36918739 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if insulin mediated hyperemia is partially dependent on local muscle oxygen concentration. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was reflected onto an inverted microscope. Intravital video microscopy sequences were recorded during baseline and hyperinsulinemic euglycemia. The muscle was reflected over a glass stage insert (Experiment 1a and 1b), or over a gas exchange chamber (Experiment 2), and microvascular capillary blood flow was recorded during sequential changes (7%-12%-2%-7%) of oxygen (O2 ) concentration. Blood flow was measured by the red blood cell supply rate (SR) in number of cells per second. All animal protocols were approved by Memorial University's Institutional Animal Care Committee. RESULTS In Experiment 1a, SR increased from 8.0 to 14.0 cells/s at baseline to euglycemia (p = 0.01), while no significant SR variation was detected after performing a sham hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (Experiment 1b). In Experiment 2, SR decreased at 12% O2 and increased at 2% O2 , compared to 7% O2 , under both experimental conditions. Magnitude of SR responses to oxygen oscillations during euglycemia were not different to those at baseline at each O2 concentration (p > 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased blood flow observed in response to insulin is eliminated if tissue oxygen microenvironment is fixed at a given oxygen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda N Wells
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive HSC 4311, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6
| | - Gaylene M Russell McEvoy
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive HSC 4311, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6
| | - Hamza Shogan
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive HSC 4311, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6
| | - Meghan E Kiley
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive HSC 4311, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6
| | - Graham M Fraser
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive HSC 4311, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6
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Díaz-Marín CD, Li D, Vázquez-Cosme FJ, Pajovic S, Cha H, Song Y, Kilpatrick C, Vaartstra G, Wilson CT, Boriskina S, Wang EN. Capillary Transfer of Self-Assembled Colloidal Crystals. Nano Lett 2023; 23:1888-1896. [PMID: 36802577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal self-assembly has attracted significant interest in numerous applications including optics, electrochemistry, thermofluidics, and biomolecule templating. To meet the requirements of these applications, numerous fabrication methods have been developed. However, these are limited to narrow ranges of feature sizes, are incompatible with many substrates, and/or have low scalability, significantly limiting the use of colloidal self-assembly. In this work, we study the capillary transfer of colloidal crystals and demonstrate that this approach overcomes these limitations. Enabled by capillary transfer, we fabricate 2D colloidal crystals with nano-to-micro feature sizes spanning 2 orders of magnitude and on typically challenging substrates including those that are hydrophobic, rough, curved, or structured with microchannels. We developed and systemically validated a capillary peeling model, elucidating the underlying transfer physics. Due to its high versatility, good quality, and simplicity, this approach can expand the possibilities of colloidal self-assembly and enhance the performance of applications using colloidal crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Díaz-Marín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Diane Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fernando J Vázquez-Cosme
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Puerto Rico─Mayagüez, Mayagüez, 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Simo Pajovic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hyeongyun Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Youngsup Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cameron Kilpatrick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Geoffrey Vaartstra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chad T Wilson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Svetlana Boriskina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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40
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Setford S, Phillips S, Cameron H, Grady M. Clinical Accuracy of a Glucose Oxidase-Based Blood Glucose Test-Strip Across Extremes of Oxygen Partial Pressure. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023:19322968231158663. [PMID: 36879470 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231158663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose oxidase (GOx)-based blood glucose monitors (BGMs) are influenced by the partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) within the applied sample. Limited in-clinic data exists regarding the quantitative effect of Po2 in unmanipulated capillary fingertip blood samples across physiologically representative glucose and Po2 ranges. METHOD Clinical accuracy data were collected as part of a BGM manufacturer's ongoing post-market surveillance program for a commercially available GOx-based BGM test-strip. The data set comprised 29 901 paired BGM-comparator readings and corresponding Po2 values from 5 428 blood samples from a panel of 975 subjects. RESULTS A linear regression-calculated bias range of 5.22% (+0.72% [low Po2: 45 mm Hg] to -4.5% [high Po2: 105 mm Hg]); biases calculated as absolute at <100 mg/dL glucose was found. Below the nominal Po2 of 75 mm Hg, a linear regression bias of +3.14% was calculated at low Po2, while negligible impact on bias (regression slope: +0.002%) was observed at higher than nominal levels (>75 mm Hg). When evaluating BGM performance under corner conditions of low (<70 mg/dL) and high (>180 mg/dL) glucose, combined with low and high Po2, linear regression biases ranged from +1.52% to -5.32% within this small group of subjects and with no readings recorded at <70 mg/dL glucose at low and high Po2. CONCLUSIONS Data from this large-scale clinical study, performed on unmanipulated fingertip capillary bloods from a diverse diabetes population, indicate Po2 sensitivity of the BGM to be markedly lower than published studies, which are mainly laboratory-based, requiring artificial manipulation of oxygen levels in aliquots of venous blood.
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Toorop AA, Steenhuis M, Loeff FC, Weijers SS, Killestein J, Rispens T, van Kempen ZLE. Fingerprick blood samples to measure serum natalizumab concentrations. Mult Scler 2023; 29:457-460. [PMID: 36448735 PMCID: PMC9972227 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221136448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natalizumab via subcutaneous administration was recently approved for patients with multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE In light of personalized extended dosing, in which treatment intervals are prolonged to a concentration cut-off, it would be preferable to measure natalizumab drug concentrations in capillary blood. METHODS In this cross-sectional study in patients treated with intravenous (IV) natalizumab, capillary blood samples by fingerprick and venous blood samples were collected in 30 participants prior to IV administration of natalizumab. RESULTS Natalizumab concentrations were similar with a mean bias of -0.36 μg/mL (95% CI: 1.3 to -2 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that physicians can monitor natalizumab drug concentrations by a fingerprick, which could be used for personalized extended dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Toorop
- AA Toorop Neurology Outpatient Clinic,
Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1118,
1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Floris C Loeff
- Biologics Laboratory, Sanquin Diagnostic
Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne S Weijers
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC
location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Amsterdam UMC
location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Biologics Laboratory, Sanquin Diagnostic
Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin
Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic
Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zoé LE van Kempen
- Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Amsterdam UMC
location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Batista E, Álvares M, Martins RF, Ogheard F, Geršl J, Godinho I. Measurement of internal diameters of capillaries and glass syringes using gravimetric and optical methods for microflow applications. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2023; 68:29-38. [PMID: 36347268 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microflow measurement devices are used in several science and health applications, mainly drug delivery. In the last decade, several new methods based on optical technology were developed, namely the front tracking and interferometric method, in which the knowledge of the inner diameter of the syringe or the capillary used is critical. Only a few National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) can perform inner diameter measurements below 1 mm, which requires expensive technology. Therefore, IPQ, in cooperation with CETIAT, CMI and UNIDEMI, under the EMPIR project 18HLT08 MeDDII - Metrology for Drug Delivery, developed new measurement methods for small inner diameter tubes based on the gravimetric principle and optical methods in order to simplify the apparatus used for this type of measurements without increasing uncertainty. METHODS The gravimetric experimental setup consists of measuring the liquid volume on a specific length of the glass tube. The optical method used is based on the front track principle that uses a high-resolution camera and ImageJ software, to determine the diameter at both ends of each capillary. RESULTS To validate the developed methods, a comparison was performed between CETIAT, CMI and IPQ and the results obtained were all consistent. CONCLUSIONS This work allowed the determination of inner diameter of syringes or capillaries using two different methods with relative expanded uncertainties from 0.1 to 0.5% (k=2), that can be applied for flow measurements using optical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Batista
- Portuguese Institute for Quality - IPQ, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Álvares
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui F Martins
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Florestan Ogheard
- Centre Technique des Industries Aérauliques et Thermiques - CETIAT, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jan Geršl
- Czech Metrology Institute- CMI, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Godinho
- Portuguese Institute for Quality - IPQ, Caparica, Portugal
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Hirunpattarasilp C, James G, Kwanthongdee J, Freitas F, Huo J, Sethi H, Kittler JT, Owens RJ, McCoy LE, Attwell D. SARS-CoV-2 triggers pericyte-mediated cerebral capillary constriction. Brain 2023; 146:727-738. [PMID: 35867861 PMCID: PMC9384509 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, is found on pericytes, contractile cells enwrapping capillaries that regulate brain, heart and kidney blood flow. ACE2 converts vasoconstricting angiotensin II into vasodilating angiotensin-(1-7). In brain slices from hamster, which has an ACE2 sequence similar to human ACE2, angiotensin II evoked a small pericyte-mediated capillary constriction via AT1 receptors, but evoked a large constriction when the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD, original Wuhan variant) was present. A mutated non-binding RBD did not potentiate constriction. A similar RBD-potentiated capillary constriction occurred in human cortical slices, and was evoked in hamster brain slices by pseudotyped virions expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This constriction reflects an RBD-induced decrease in the conversion of angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) mediated by removal of ACE2 from the cell surface membrane and was mimicked by blocking ACE2. The clinically used drug losartan inhibited the RBD-potentiated constriction. Thus, AT1 receptor blockers could be protective in COVID-19 by preventing pericyte-mediated blood flow reductions in the brain, and perhaps the heart and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Greg James
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jaturon Kwanthongdee
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Felipe Freitas
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Huma Sethi
- Division of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Ashimatey BS, Zhou X, Chu Z, Alluwimi M, Wang RK, Kashani AH. Variability of Vascular Reactivity in the Retina and Choriocapillaris to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:9. [PMID: 36745450 PMCID: PMC9910388 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the regional and layer-specific vascular reactivity of the healthy human retina and choriocapillaris to changes in systemic carbon dioxide or oxygen. Methods High-resolution 3 × 3-mm2 optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were acquired from the central macula, temporal macula, and peripapillary retina while participants were exposed to three gas breathing conditions-room air, 5%CO2, and 100% O2. OCTA from all three regions were extracted and the apparent skeletonized vessel density (VSD) was assessed. The mean flow deficit sizes (MFDSs) of the choriocapillaris were also assessed. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the ratio of intrasubject VSD change induced by the gas conditions from baseline in the superficial retinal layer (SRL) and deep retinal layer (DRL) for each retinal region independently, as well as the MFDS of the choriocapillaris. We also compared the vessel reactivity between the retinal capillaries and the choriocapillaris. Results The cumulative intrasubject response to the gas conditions differed significantly among regions of the SRL (F(2, 7) = 28.22, P < 0.001), with the temporal macula showing the largest response (15%) compared to the macula (8%) and radial peripapillary capillaries (7%). A similar trend was found in the DRL. The choriocapillaris reactivity was similar between the macula (5.8%) and temporal macula (5.6%). There was also a significant heterogeneity in the layer-specific gas responses, with the DRL showing the largest response (28.2%) and the choriocapillaris showing the smallest response (2.8%). Conclusions Capillary reactivity to changes in inhaled O2 and CO2 is spatially heterogeneous across the retina but not choriocapillaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright S. Ashimatey
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Zhongdi Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Muhammed Alluwimi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Amir H. Kashani
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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45
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Appiah-Thompson P, Hanson NAM, Quansah K, Edzie EKM, Babatunde JB. Congenital Laryngeal Hemangioma: A Case Report of a Rare Presentation. Cureus 2023; 15:e34814. [PMID: 36915847 PMCID: PMC10008088 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric vascular anomalies are classified into vascular malformations and vascular tumors. While vascular malformations are generally anomalous vessels, vascular tumors arise from endothelial cells characterized by abnormal proliferation. Vascular tumors, also called hemangiomas, are subdivided into infantile and congenital hemangiomas. The differentiation of these anomalies can be challenging, and immunohistochemical staining is often employed for this purpose. The GLUT-1 (erythrocyte-type glucose transporter protein) stain is positive for the infantile type. Hemangiomas are usually found in the head and neck region. Their occurrence in the laryngeal region in infants tends to manifest in the subglottic region. Hemangiomas in the larynx mostly do not cause any symptoms until they are large enough to cause dyspnea, stridor, or hoarseness of voice. They are mostly treated in infants with propranolol or surgical excision. We report a case of an eight-day-old female infant who presented with a mass that recurrently protruded out of the mouth when she cried. The mass stopped protruding out of the mouth when the baby became restless, had respiratory distress, and refused feeds. Endoscopy of the pharynx and larynx showed a pedunculated hemorrhagic mass attached by a stalk to the left arytenoid. With cautery, the stalk of the lesion was severed from its attachment. The baby was discharged on the fourth postoperative day and histology reported a cavernous hemangioma. Seven months after the surgery, the baby is growing normally. Yearly follow-up endoscopies have been scheduled to evaluate for recurrence or residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Appiah-Thompson
- Surgery/Otolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, GHA.,Surgery/Otolaryngology, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, GHA
| | | | - Kofi Quansah
- Surgery/Otolaryngology, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, GHA
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Thaweeskulchai T, Schulte A. Basic Guide to Multilayer Microfluidic Fabrication with Polyimide Tape and Diode Laser. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:mi14020324. [PMID: 36838024 PMCID: PMC9959566 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
For normal operations, microfluidic devices typically require an external source of pressure to deliver fluid flow through the microchannel. This requirement limits their use for benchtop research activities in a controlled static environment. To exploit the full potential of the miniaturization and portability of microfluidic platforms, passively driven capillary microfluidic devices have been developed to completely remove the need for an external pressure source. Capillary microfluidics can be designed to perform complex tasks by designing individual components of the device. These components, such as the stop valve and trigger valve, operate through changes in microchannel dimensions and aspect ratios. A direct, maskless fabrication protocol that allows the precise fabrication of microchannels and other microfluidic components is introduced here. A diode laser and polyimide tape on a PMMA substrate are the only components needed to start fabrication. By varying the laser power used and the number of laser repetitions, various depths and widths of the microchannel can be quickly created to meet specific needs. As an example of a functional unit, a trigger valve was fabricated and tested, as proof of the validity of the fabrication protocol.
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Russell McEvoy GM, Wells BN, Kiley ME, Kaur KK, Fraser GM. Dynamics of capillary blood flow responses to acute local changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1052449. [PMID: 36561216 PMCID: PMC9764012 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1052449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to quantify the magnitude and time transients of capillary blood flow responses to acute changes in local oxygen concentration ([O2]), and carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) in skeletal muscle. Additionally, we sought to quantify the combined response to both low [O2] and high [CO2] to mimic muscle microenvironment changes at the onset of exercise. Methods: 13 Sprague Dawley rats were anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented with indwelling catheters for systemic monitoring. The extensor digitorum longus muscle was blunt dissected, and reflected over a microfluidic gas exchange chamber in the stage of an inverted microscope. Four O2 challenges, four CO2 challenges, and a combined low O2 (7-2%) and high CO2 (5-10%) challenges were delivered to the surface with simultaneous visualization of capillary blood flow responses. Recordings were made for each challenge over a 1-min baseline period followed by a 2-min step change. The combined challenge employed a 1-min [O2] challenge followed by a 2-min change in [CO2]. Mean data for each sequence were fit using least-squared non-linear exponential models to determine the dynamics of each response. Results: 7-2% [O2] challenges decreased capillary RBC saturation within 2 s following the step change (46.53 ± 19.56% vs. 48.51 ± 19.02%, p < 0.0001, τ = 1.44 s), increased RBC velocity within 3 s (228.53 ± 190.39 μm/s vs. 235.74 ± 193.52 μm/s, p < 0.0003, τ = 35.54 s) with a 52% peak increase by the end of the challenge, hematocrit and supply rate show similar dynamics. 5-10% [CO2] challenges increased RBC velocity within 2 s following the step change (273.40 ± 218.06 μm/s vs. 276.75 ± 215.94 μm/s, p = 0.007, τ = 79.34s), with a 58% peak increase by the end of the challenge, supply rate and hematocrit show similar dynamics. Combined [O2] and [CO2] challenges resulted in additive responses to all microvascular hemodynamic measures with a 103% peak velocity increase by the end of the collection period. Data for mean responses and exponential fitting parameters are reported for all challenges. Conclusion: Microvascular level changes in muscle [O2] and [CO2] provoked capillary hemodynamic responses with differing time transients. Simulating exercise via combined [O2] and [CO2] challenges demonstrated the independent and additive nature of local blood flow responses to these agents.
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Engelbrecht E, Kooistra T, Knipe RS. The Vasculature in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Curr Tissue Microenviron Rep 2022; 3:83-97. [PMID: 36712832 PMCID: PMC9881604 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-022-00040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The current paradigm of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis involves recurrent injury to a sensitive alveolar epithelium followed by impaired repair responses marked by fibroblast activation and deposition of extracellular matrix. Multiple cell types are involved in this response with potential roles suggested by advances in single-cell RNA sequencing and lung developmental biology. Notably, recent work has better characterized the cell types present in the pulmonary endothelium and identified vascular changes in patients with IPF. Recent Findings Lung tissue from patients with IPF has been examined at single-cell resolution, revealing reductions in lung capillary cells and expansion of a population of vascular cells expressing markers associated with bronchial endothelium. In addition, pre-clinical models have demonstrated a fundamental role for aging and vascular permeability in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Summary Mounting evidence suggests that the endothelium undergoes changes in the context of fibrosis, and these changes may contribute to the development and/or progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Additional studies will be needed to further define the functional role of these vascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tristan Kooistra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel S. Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Gouyon J, Boudier A, Barakat F, Pallotta A, Clarot I. Taylor dispersion analysis of metallic-based nanoparticles - A short review. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2377-2391. [PMID: 36153831 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) is an interesting tool for nanoparticle (NP) size determination, feasible using simple capillary electrophoresis apparatus. Based upon the radial diffusion of analytes upon a laminar stream, the diffusion coefficient of species is easily estimable. Moreover, TDA is generally more adequate than conventional dynamic light scattering methodologies as it is less dependent on the polydispersity of the sample, leading to accurate measurement and reliable results. This review provides every paper mentioning the use of TDA for metallic-based NPs size determination. Diverse strategies for the detection of metallic NPs (like UV-visible and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry - ICP-MS - for instance) and interpretation of the Taylorgrams are discussed. Based upon the literature, advices on future prospects are also indicated, especially for the comparison of TDA results with other classical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariane Boudier
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, 54000, France.,Nanocontrol, Nancy, France
| | | | - Arnaud Pallotta
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, 54000, France.,Nanocontrol, Nancy, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, 54000, France.,Nanocontrol, Nancy, France
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Kisler K, Nikolakopoulou AM, Sweeney MD, Lazic D, Zhao Z, Zlokovic BV. Corrigendum: Acute ablation of cortical pericytes leads to rapid neurovascular uncoupling. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1078919. [PMID: 36523817 PMCID: PMC9746286 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1078919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00027.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Kisler
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Angeliki M. Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melanie D. Sweeney
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Divna Lazic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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