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Wang L, Tian H, Wang H, Mao X, Luo J, He Q, Wen P, Cao H, Fang L, Zhou Y, Yang J, Jiang L. Disrupting circadian control of autophagy induces podocyte injury and proteinuria. Kidney Int 2024; 105:1020-1034. [PMID: 38387504 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock influences a wide range of biological process and controls numerous aspects of physiology to adapt to the daily environmental changes caused by Earth's rotation. The kidney clock plays an important role in maintaining tubular function, but its effect on podocytes remains unclear. Here, we found that podocytes expressed CLOCK proteins, and that 2666 glomerular gene transcripts (13.4%), including autophagy related genes, had 24-hour circadian rhythms. Deletion of Clock in podocytes resulted in 1666 gene transcripts with the loss of circadian rhythm including autophagy genes. Podocyte-specific Clock knockout mice at age three and eight months showed deficient autophagy, loss of podocytes and increased albuminuria. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequence analysis indicated autophagy related genes were targets of CLOCK in podocytes. ChIP-PCR further confirmed Clock binding to the promoter regions of Becn1 and Atg12, two autophagy related genes. Furthermore, the association of CLOCK regulated autophagy with chronic sleep fragmentation and diabetic kidney disease was analyzed. Chronic sleep fragmentation resulted in the loss of glomerular Clock rhythm, inhibition of podocyte autophagy, and proteinuria. Rhythmic oscillations of Clock also disappeared in high glucose treated podocytes and in glomeruli from diabetic mice. Finally, circadian differences in podocyte autophagy were also abolished in diabetic mice. Deletion Clock in podocytes aggravated podocyte injury and proteinuria in diabetic mice. Thus, our findings demonstrate that clock-dependent regulation of autophagy may be essential for podocyte survival. Hence. loss of circadian controlled autophagy may play an important role in podocyte injury and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyun He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdi Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junwei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Roguski A, Ritter P, Smith DJ. Sensitivity to light in bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical practice. Br J Psychiatry 2024; 224:143-146. [PMID: 38174418 PMCID: PMC7615859 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2023.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Circadian dysfunction is a core feature of bipolar disorder and may be due, at least in part, to abnormalities of non-visual photoreception. We critically review the evidence for light hypersensitivity in bipolar disorder and discuss how this may shape future research and clinical innovation, with a focus on a possible novel mechanism of action for lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Roguski
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philipp Ritter
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Strauß AFT, Bosma L, Visser ME, Helm B. Short-time exposure to light at night affects incubation patterns and correlates with subsequent body weight in great tits (Parus major). J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2024; 341:364-376. [PMID: 38327263 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) widely affects wildlife by blurring light-dark differences, including transitions such as sunrise and sunset, thereby affecting regulation of diel rhythms. As a result, activity onsets in many wild diurnal songbirds advance under ALAN. From chronobiological studies, it is known that the direction and strength of the response to light depends on when during the night exposure takes place. However, these experiments are mostly done under continuous light conditions, when animals have free-running rhythms. It remains unclear whether phase-dependence also holds in entrained, wild songbirds; i.e., does the effect of ALAN on activity patterns differ between exposure in the morning compared to the evening? This information is essential to assess the effects of mitigation measures by limiting ALAN to selected times of the night. We exposed incubating great tits (Parus major) inside the nest-box to 4 h of dim light, of which 1 h overlapped with dawn before sunrise or dusk after sunset. We found a small advancing effect of morning-light on activity onset and of evening-light on offset compared to dark controls but not vice versa. Breeding success and chick condition were unaffected by the light treatments. However, light-treated females had lower weights 9-18 days after the end of the treatment compared to the controls, independent of whether ALAN occurred in the morning or the evening, indicating possible costs of ALAN. Despite the weak behavioral response, ALAN might have affected the females' circadian clock or physiology resulting in lower body condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia F T Strauß
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Bosma
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Helm
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Bird Migration Unit, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
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4
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Rodan AR. Circadian Rhythm Regulation by Pacemaker Neuron Chloride Oscillation in Flies. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38411570 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00006.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior sync organisms to external environmental cycles. Here, circadian oscillation in intracellular chloride in central pacemaker neurons of the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is reviewed. Intracellular chloride links SLC12 cation-coupled chloride transporter function with kinase signaling and the regulation of inwardly rectifying potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin R Rodan
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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5
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Ma D, Ojha P, Yu AD, Araujo MS, Luo W, Keefer E, Díaz MM, Wu M, Joiner WJ, Abruzzi KC, Rosbash M. Timeless noncoding DNA contains cell-type preferential enhancers important for proper Drosophila circadian regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321338121. [PMID: 38568969 PMCID: PMC11009632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321338121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To address the contribution of transcriptional regulation to Drosophila clock gene expression and to behavior, we generated a series of CRISPR-mediated deletions within two regions of the circadian gene timeless (tim), an intronic E-box region and an upstream E-box region that are both recognized by the key transcription factor Clock (Clk) and its heterodimeric partner Cycle. The upstream deletions but not an intronic deletion dramatically impact tim expression in fly heads; the biggest upstream deletion reduces peak RNA levels and tim RNA cycling amplitude to about 15% of normal, and there are similar effects on tim protein (TIM). The cycling amplitude of other clock genes is also strongly reduced, in these cases due to increases in trough levels. These data underscore the important contribution of the upstream E-box enhancer region to tim expression and of TIM to clock gene transcriptional repression in fly heads. Surprisingly, tim expression in clock neurons is only modestly affected by the biggest upstream deletion and is similarly affected by a deletion of the intronic E-box region. This distinction between clock neurons and glia is paralleled by a dramatically enhanced accessibility of the intronic enhancer region within clock neurons. This distinctive feature of tim chromatin was revealed by ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing) assays of purified neurons and glia as well as of fly heads. The enhanced cell type-specific accessibility of the intronic enhancer region explains the resilience of clock neuron tim expression and circadian behavior to deletion of the otherwise more prominent upstream tim E-box region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbang Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Pranav Ojha
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
| | - Albert D. Yu
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
| | - Maisa S. Araujo
- Laboratory of Entomology, Fiocruz Rondônia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental/Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado, Federal University Foundation of Rondônia, Porto Velho76801-974, Brazil
| | - Weifei Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning530003, China
| | - Evelyn Keefer
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
| | - Madelen M. Díaz
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Meilin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - William J. Joiner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Katharine C. Abruzzi
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
| | - Michael Rosbash
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
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6
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Bass J. Interorgan rhythmicity as a feature of healthful metabolism. Cell Metab 2024; 36:655-669. [PMID: 38335957 PMCID: PMC10990795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The finding that animals with circadian gene mutations exhibit diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome with hypoinsulinemia revealed a distinct role for the clock in the brain and peripheral tissues. Obesogenic diets disrupt rhythmic sleep/wake patterns, feeding behavior, and transcriptional networks, showing that metabolic signals reciprocally control the clock. Providing access to high-fat diet only during the sleep phase (light period) in mice accelerates weight gain, whereas isocaloric time-restricted feeding during the active period enhances energy expenditure due to circadian induction of adipose thermogenesis. This perspective focuses on advances and unanswered questions in understanding the interorgan circadian control of healthful metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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7
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Jabbur ML, Dani C, Spoelstra K, Dodd AN, Johnson CH. Evaluating the Adaptive Fitness of Circadian Clocks and their Evolution. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:115-134. [PMID: 38185853 PMCID: PMC10994774 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231219206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Surely most chronobiologists believe circadian clocks are an adaptation of organisms that enhances fitness, but are we certain that this focus of our research effort really confers a fitness advantage? What is the evidence, and how do we evaluate it? What are the best criteria? These questions are the topic of this review. In addition, we will discuss selective pressures that might have led to the historical evolution of circadian systems while considering the intriguing question of whether the ongoing climate change is modulating these selective pressures so that the clock is still evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luísa Jabbur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chitrang Dani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kamiel Spoelstra
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antony N. Dodd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
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8
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Lewinski M, Steffen A, Kachariya N, Elgner M, Schmal C, Messini N, Köster T, Reichel M, Sattler M, Zarnack K, Staiger D. Arabidopsis thaliana GLYCINE RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 interaction with its iCLIP target LHCB1.1 correlates with changes in RNA stability and circadian oscillation. Plant J 2024; 118:203-224. [PMID: 38124335 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The importance of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) for plant responses to environmental stimuli and development is well documented. Insights into the portfolio of RNAs they recognize, however, clearly lack behind the understanding gathered in non-plant model organisms. Here, we characterize binding of the circadian clock-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 (AtGRP7) to its target transcripts. We identified novel RNA targets from individual-nucleotide resolution UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) data using an improved bioinformatics pipeline that will be broadly applicable to plant RBP iCLIP data. 2705 transcripts with binding sites were identified in plants expressing AtGRP7-GFP that were not recovered in plants expressing an RNA-binding dead variant or GFP alone. A conserved RNA motif enriched in uridine residues was identified at the AtGRP7 binding sites. NMR titrations confirmed the preference of AtGRP7 for RNAs with a central U-rich motif. Among the bound RNAs, circadian clock-regulated transcripts were overrepresented. Peak abundance of the LHCB1.1 transcript encoding a chlorophyll-binding protein was reduced in plants overexpressing AtGRP7 whereas it was elevated in atgrp7 mutants, indicating that LHCB1.1 was regulated by AtGRP7 in a dose-dependent manner. In plants overexpressing AtGRP7, the LHCB1.1 half-life was shorter compared to wild-type plants whereas in atgrp7 mutant plants, the half-life was significantly longer. Thus, AtGRP7 modulates circadian oscillations of its in vivo binding target LHCB1.1 by affecting RNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lewinski
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Steffen
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nitin Kachariya
- Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, 85747, Germany
| | - Mareike Elgner
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmal
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niki Messini
- Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, 85747, Germany
| | - Tino Köster
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marlene Reichel
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, 85747, Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) & Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dorothee Staiger
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Hicks D, Ribelayaga CP, Tosini G. Melatonin in the mammalian retina: Synthesis, mechanisms of action and neuroprotection. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12951. [PMID: 38572848 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is an important player in the regulation of many physiological functions within the body and in the retina. Melatonin synthesis in the retina primarily occurs during the night and its levels are low during the day. Retinal melatonin is primarily synthesized by the photoreceptors, but whether the synthesis occurs in the rods and/or cones is still unclear. Melatonin exerts its influence by binding to G protein-coupled receptors named melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1) and type 2 (MT2). MT1 and MT2 receptors activate a wide variety of signaling pathways and both receptors are present in the vertebrate photoreceptors where they may form MT1/MT2 heteromers (MT1/2h). Studies in rodents have shown that melatonin signaling plays an important role in the regulation of retinal dopamine levels, rod/cone coupling as well as the photopic and scotopic electroretinogram. In addition, melatonin may play an important role in protecting photoreceptors from oxidative stress and can protect photoreceptors from apoptosis. Critically, melatonin signaling is involved in the modulation of photoreceptor viability during aging and other studies have implicated melatonin in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Hence melatonin may represent a useful tool in the fight to protect photoreceptors-and other retinal cells-against degeneration due to aging or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Hicks
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe P Ribelayaga
- Department of Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Bussi IL, Ben-Hamo M, Salazar Leon LE, Casiraghi LP, Zhang VY, Neitz AF, Lee J, Takahashi JS, Kim JJ, de la Iglesia HO. The circadian molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is necessary but not sufficient for fear entrainment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316841121. [PMID: 38502706 PMCID: PMC10990155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316841121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We show that nocturnal aversive stimuli presented to mice while they are eating and drinking outside of their safe nest can entrain circadian behaviors, leading to a shift toward daytime activity. We also show that the canonical molecular circadian clock is necessary for fear entrainment and that an intact molecular clockwork in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the site of the central circadian pacemaker, is necessary but not sufficient to sustain fear entrainment of circadian rhythms. Our results demonstrate that entrainment of a circadian clock by cyclic fearful stimuli can lead to severely mistimed circadian behavior that persists even after the aversive stimulus is removed. Together, our findings support the interpretation that circadian and sleep symptoms associated with fear and anxiety disorders are, in part, the output of a fear-entrained clock, and provide a mechanistic insight into this clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana L. Bussi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
| | - Miriam Ben-Hamo
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
| | | | | | - Victor Y. Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
| | - Alexandra F. Neitz
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-7275
| | - Jeffrey Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
| | - Joseph S. Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Jeansok J. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1525
| | - Horacio O. de la Iglesia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-7275
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11
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Baril AA, Picard C, Labonté A, Sanchez E, Duclos C, Mohammediyan B, Breitner JCS, Villeneuve S, Poirier J. Longer sleep duration and neuroinflammation in at-risk elderly with a parental history of Alzheimer's disease. Sleep 2024:zsae081. [PMID: 38526098 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES While short sleep could promote neurodegeneration, long sleep may be a marker of ongoing neurodegeneration, potentially as a result of neuroinflammation. The objective was to evaluate sleep patterns with age of expected Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and neuroinflammation. METHODS We tested 203 dementia-free participants (68.5±5.4y/o, 78M). The PREVENT-AD cohort includes older persons with a parental history of AD whose age was nearing their expected AD onset. We estimated expected years to AD onset by subtracting the participant's age from their parent's at AD dementia onset. We extracted actigraphy sleep variables of interest (times of sleep onset and morning awakening, time in bed, sleep efficiency, sleep duration) and general profiles (sleep fragmentation, phase delay, hypersomnia). CSF inflammatory biomarkers were assessed with OLINK multiplex technology. RESULTS Proximity to, or exceeding, expected age of onset was associated with a sleep profile suggestive of hypersomnia (longer sleep, later morning awakening time). This hypersomnia sleep profile was associated with higher CSF neuroinflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, MCP-1, global score). Interactions analyses revealed that some of these sleep-neuroinflammation associations were present mostly in those closer/exceeding the age of expected AD onset, APOE4 carriers, and those with better memory performance. CONCLUSIONS Proximity to, or exceeding, parental AD dementia onset was associated with a longer sleep pattern, which was related to elevated proinflammatory CSF biomarkers. We speculate that longer sleep may serve a compensatory purpose potentially triggered by neuroinflammation as individuals are approaching AD onset. Further studies should investigate whether neuroinflammatory-triggered long sleep duration could mitigate cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Ann Baril
- Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne Labonté
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Erlan Sanchez
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine Duclos
- Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Béry Mohammediyan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - John C S Breitner
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Carrillo BJP, Cope E, Gurel S, Traslosheros A, Kenny A, Michot-Duval O, Mody N, Delibegovic M, Philip S, Thies F, Blana D, Gabriel BM. Morning exercise and pre-breakfast metformin interact to reduce glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38522033 DOI: 10.1113/jp285722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise is recommended in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and can improve insulin sensitivity. However, previous evidence suggests that exercise at different times of the day in people with type 2 diabetes may have opposing outcomes on glycaemia. Metformin is the most commonly prescribed initial pharmacological intervention in type 2 diabetes, and may alter adaptions to exercise. It is unknown if there is an interaction between metformin and diurnal exercise outcomes. We aimed to investigate glycaemic outcomes of moderate intensity morning vs. evening exercise in people with type 2 diabetes being prescribed metformin monotherapy. In this study, nine males and nine females with type 2 diabetes undergoing metformin monotherapy (age 61 ± 8.2 years, mean ± SD) completed a 16-week crossover trial including 2-week baseline recording, 6 weeks randomly assigned to a morning exercise (07.00-10.00 h) or evening exercise (16.00-19.00 h) and a 2-week wash-out period. Exercise arms consisted of 30 min of walking at 70% of estimated max heart rate every other day. Glucose levels were measured with continuous glucose monitors and activity measured by wrist-worn monitors. Food-intake was recorded by 4-day food diaries during baseline, first and last 2 weeks of each exercise arm. There was no difference in exercise intensity, total caloric intake or total physical activity between morning and evening arms. As primary outcomes, acute (24 h) glucose area under the curve (AUC), was lower (P = 0.02) after acute morning exercise (180.6 ± 68.4 mmol/l) compared to baseline (210.3 ± 76.7 mmol/l); and there were no differences identified for glucose (mmol/l) between baseline, morning and evening exercise at any specific time point when data were analysed with two-way ANOVA. As secondary outcomes, acute glucose AUC was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in participants taking metformin before breakfast (152.5 ± 29.95 mmol/l) compared with participants taking metformin after breakfast (227.2 ± 61.51 mmol/l) only during the morning exercise arm; and during weeks 5-6 of the exercise protocol, glucose AUC was significantly lower (P = 0.04) for participants taking metformin before breakfast (168.8 ± 15.8 mmol/l), rather than after breakfast (224.5 ± 52.0 mmol/l), only during morning exercise. Our data reveal morning moderate exercise acutely lowers glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes being prescribed metformin. This difference appears to be driven by individuals that consumed metformin prior to breakfast rather than after breakfast. This beneficial effect upon glucose levels of combined morning exercise and pre-breakfast metformin persisted through the final 2 weeks of the trial. Our findings suggest that morning moderate intensity exercise combined with pre-breakfast metformin intake may benefit the management of glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes. KEY POINTS: Morning moderate exercise acutely lowers glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes being prescribed metformin. This difference appears to be driven by individuals that consumed metformin prior to breakfast rather than after breakfast. Morning exercise combined with pre-breakfast metformin persistently reduced glucose compared to morning exercise combined with post-breakfast metformin through the final week (week 6) of the intervention. Our study suggests it may be possible to make simple changes to the time that people with type 2 diabetes take metformin and perform exercise to improve their blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Peña Carrillo
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Emily Cope
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sati Gurel
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andres Traslosheros
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Amber Kenny
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Oscar Michot-Duval
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nimesh Mody
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sam Philip
- NHS Grampian Diabetes Research Unit, Diabetes Centre, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Frank Thies
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Dimitra Blana
- Centre for Health Data Science, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Brendan M Gabriel
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Clarke GS, Vincent AD, Ladyman SR, Gatford KL, Page AJ. Circadian patterns of behaviour change during pregnancy in mice. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38477893 DOI: 10.1113/jp285553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Food intake and activity adapt during pregnancy to meet the increased energy demands. In comparison to non-pregnant females, pregnant mice consume more food, eating larger meals during the light phase, and reduce physical activity. How pregnancy changes the circadian timing of behaviour was less clear. We therefore randomised female C57BL/6J mice to mating for study until early (n = 10), mid- (n = 10) or late pregnancy (n = 11) or as age-matched, non-pregnant controls (n = 12). Mice were housed individually in Promethion cages with a 12 h light-12 h dark cycle [lights on at 07.00 h, Zeitgeber (ZT)0] for behavioural analysis. Food intake between ZT10 and ZT11 was greater in pregnant than non-pregnant mice on days 6.5-12.5 and 12.5-17.5. In mice that exhibited a peak in the last 4 h of the light phase (ZT8-ZT12), peaks were delayed by 1.6 h in the pregnant compared with the non-pregnant group. Food intake immediately after dark-phase onset (ZT13-ZT14) was greater in the pregnant than non-pregnant group during days 12.5-17.5. Water intake patterns corresponded to food intake. From days 0.5-6.5 onwards, the pregnant group moved less during the dark phase, with decreased probability of being awake, in comparison to the non-pregnant group. The onset of dark-phase activity, peaks in activity, and wakefulness were all delayed during pregnancy. In conclusion, increased food intake during pregnancy reflects increased amplitude of eating behaviour, without longer duration. Decreases in activity also contribute to positive energy balance in pregnancy, with delays to all measured behaviours evident from mid-pregnancy onwards. KEY POINTS: Circadian rhythms synchronise daily behaviours including eating, drinking and sleep, but how these change in pregnancy is unclear. Food intake increased, with delays in peaks of food intake behaviour late in the light phase from days 6.5 to 12.5 of pregnancy, in comparison to the non-pregnant group. The onset of activity after lights off (dark phase) was delayed in pregnant compared with non-pregnant mice. Activity decreased by ∼70% in the pregnant group, particularly in the dark (active) phase, with delays in peaks of wakefulness evident from days 0.5-6.5 of pregnancy onwards. These behavioural changes contribute to positive energy balance during pregnancy. Delays in circadian behaviours during mouse pregnancy were time period and pregnancy stage specific, implying different regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia S Clarke
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D Vincent
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health & Wellbeing, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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14
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Wyse CA, Rudderham LM, Nordon EA, Ince LM, Coogan AN, Lopez LM. Circadian Variation in the Response to Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Evidence Appraisal. J Biol Rhythms 2024:7487304241232447. [PMID: 38459699 DOI: 10.1177/07487304241232447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Molecular timing mechanisms known as circadian clocks drive endogenous 24-h rhythmicity in most physiological functions, including innate and adaptive immunity. Consequently, the response to immune challenge such as vaccination might depend on the time of day of exposure. This study assessed whether the time of day of vaccination (TODV) is associated with the subsequent immune and clinical response by conducting a systematic review of previous studies. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google, Medline, and Embase were searched for studies that reported TODV and immune and clinical outcomes, yielding 3114 studies, 23 of which met the inclusion criteria. The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination program facilitated investigation of TODV and almost half of the studies included reported data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was considerable heterogeneity in the demography of participants and type of vaccine, and most studies were biased by failure to account for immune status prior to vaccination, self-selection of vaccination time, or confounding factors such as sleep, chronotype, and shiftwork. The optimum TODV was concluded to be afternoon (5 studies), morning (5 studies), morning and afternoon (1 study), midday (1 study), and morning or late afternoon (1 study), with the remaining 10 studies reporting no effect. Further research is required to understand the relationship between TODV and subsequent immune outcome and whether any clinical benefit outweighs the potential effect of this intervention on vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy A Wyse
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Laura M Rudderham
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Enya A Nordon
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Louise M Ince
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Lorna M Lopez
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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15
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Fang M, LiWang A, Golden SS, Partch CL. The inner workings of an ancient biological clock. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:236-246. [PMID: 38185606 PMCID: PMC10939747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Circadian clocks evolved in diverse organisms as an adaptation to the daily swings in ambient light and temperature that derive from Earth's rotation. These timing systems, based on intracellular molecular oscillations, synchronize organisms' behavior and physiology with the 24-h environmental rhythm. The cyanobacterial clock serves as a special model for understanding circadian rhythms because it can be fully reconstituted in vitro. This review summarizes recent advances that leverage new biochemical, biophysical, and mathematical approaches to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of cyanobacterial Kai proteins that support the clock, and their homologues in other bacteria. Many questions remain in circadian biology, and the tools developed for the Kai system will bring us closer to the answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andy LiWang
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Susan S Golden
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carrie L Partch
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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16
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Chavan A, Heisler J, Chang YG, Golden SS, Partch CL, LiWang A. Protocols for in vitro reconstitution of the cyanobacterial circadian clock. Biopolymers 2024; 115:e23559. [PMID: 37421636 PMCID: PMC10772220 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are intracellular systems that orchestrate metabolic processes in anticipation of sunrise and sunset by providing an internal representation of local time. Because the ~24-h metabolic rhythms they produce are important to health across diverse life forms there is growing interest in their mechanisms. However, mechanistic studies are challenging in vivo due to the complex, that is, poorly defined, milieu of live cells. Recently, we reconstituted the intact circadian clock of cyanobacteria in vitro. It oscillates autonomously and remains phase coherent for many days with a fluorescence-based readout that enables real-time observation of individual clock proteins and promoter DNA simultaneously under defined conditions without user intervention. We found that reproducibility of the reactions required strict adherence to the quality of each recombinant clock protein purified from Escherichia coli. Here, we provide protocols for preparing in vitro clock samples so that other labs can ask questions about how changing environments, like temperature, metabolites, and protein levels are reflected in the core oscillator and propagated to regulation of transcription, providing deeper mechanistic insights into clock biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chavan
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California – San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Joel Heisler
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California – San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Yong-Gang Chang
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California – San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Susan S. Golden
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California – San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California – San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Carrie L. Partch
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California – San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California – Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Andy LiWang
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California – San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA 95343
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA 95343
- Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA 95343
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17
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Ferreira LL, Rosatto N, Marzullo P, Bellan M. Circadian variations in the elderly: A scoping review. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:311-328. [PMID: 38501270 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2327456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock plays important roles in several physiological processes. With aging, some of these circadian rhythms have been shown to be disrupted and suggested contributing to age-related diseases. The aim of this scoping review was to examine and map the existing evidence of circadian differences between young and older people in body fluid composition. Literature search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, Scopus and OpenGrey. The studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent reviewers and the results were summarized tabularly and narratively. The review process resulted in the identification of 1889 publications, of which 42 were eligible for inclusion. Forty-eight parameters or families of parameters were identified, including cortisol and melatonin, sex hormones, thyroid-related hormones, steroids and aldosterone. However, many were reported by only a single study. The results from the studies were heterogeneous. Even though the majority suggested the flattening of several circadian oscillations in the elderly population, this was not always observed for all the parameters analyzed, and some contradictory results were found. This review revealed a substantial number of publications that explored this research question, but further studies would be important to elucidate the clinical significance of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Ferreira
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Nadia Rosatto
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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18
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Della Monica C, Ravindran KKG, Atzori G, Lambert DJ, Rodriguez T, Mahvash-Mohammadi S, Bartsch U, Skeldon AC, Wells K, Hampshire A, Nilforooshan R, Hassanin H, The Uk Dementia Research Institute Care Research Amp Technology Research Group, Revell VL, Dijk DJ. A Protocol for Evaluating Digital Technology for Monitoring Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Older People and People Living with Dementia in the Community. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:129-155. [PMID: 38534798 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance are predictors of poor physical and mental health, including dementia. Long-term digital technology-enabled monitoring of sleep and circadian rhythms in the community has great potential for early diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, and assessing the effectiveness of interventions. Before novel digital technology-based monitoring can be implemented at scale, its performance and acceptability need to be evaluated and compared to gold-standard methodology in relevant populations. Here, we describe our protocol for the evaluation of novel sleep and circadian technology which we have applied in cognitively intact older adults and are currently using in people living with dementia (PLWD). In this protocol, we test a range of technologies simultaneously at home (7-14 days) and subsequently in a clinical research facility in which gold standard methodology for assessing sleep and circadian physiology is implemented. We emphasize the importance of assessing both nocturnal and diurnal sleep (naps), valid markers of circadian physiology, and that evaluation of technology is best achieved in protocols in which sleep is mildly disturbed and in populations that are relevant to the intended use-case. We provide details on the design, implementation, challenges, and advantages of this protocol, along with examples of datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Della Monica
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kiran K G Ravindran
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Giuseppe Atzori
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Damion J Lambert
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Thalia Rodriguez
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sara Mahvash-Mohammadi
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ullrich Bartsch
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anne C Skeldon
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Kevin Wells
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ramin Nilforooshan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust Surrey, Chertsey KT16 9AU, UK
| | - Hana Hassanin
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- Surrey Clinical Research Facility, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- NIHR Royal Surrey CRF, Royal Surrey Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | | | - Victoria L Revell
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
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19
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Spira AP, Liu F, Zipunnikov V, Bilgel M, Rabinowitz JA, An Y, Di J, Bai J, Wanigatunga SK, Wu MN, Lucey BP, Schrack JA, Wanigatunga AA, Rosenberg PB, Simonsick EM, Walker KA, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. Evaluating a Novel 24-Hour Rest/Activity Rhythm Marker of Preclinical β-Amyloid Deposition. Sleep 2024:zsae037. [PMID: 38381532 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare sleep and 24-hour rest/activity rhythms (RARs) between cognitively normal older adults who are β-amyloid-positive (Aβ or Aβ- and replicate a novel time-of-day-specific difference between these groups identified in a previous exploratory study. METHODS We studied 82 cognitively normal participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (aged 75.7 ±8.5 years, 55% female, 76% White) with wrist actigraphy data and Aβ vs. Aβ- status measured by [11C] Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography. RARs were calculated using epoch-level activity count data from actigraphy. We used novel, data-driven function-on-scalar regression (FOSR) analyses and standard RAR metrics to cross sectionally compare RARs between 25 Aβ+ and 57 Aβ- participants. RESULTS Compared to Aβ- participants, Aβ+ participants had higher mean activity from 1:00 PM-3:30 PM when using less conservative pointwise confidence intervals (CIs) and from 1:30 PM-2:30 PM using more conservative, simultaneous CIs. Further, Aβ+ participants had higher day-to-day variability in activity from 9:00 AM-11:30 AM and lower variability from 1:30 PM-4:00 PM and 7:30 PM-10:30 PM according to pointwise CIs, and lower variability from 8:30 PM-10:00 PM using simultaneous CIs. There were no Aβ-related differences in standard sleep or RAR metrics. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest Aβ older adults have higher, more stable day-to-day afternoon/evening activity than Aβ- older adults, potentially reflecting circadian dysfunction. Studies are needed to replicate our findings and determine whether these or other time-of-day-specific RAR features have utility as markers of preclinical Aβdeposition and if they predict clinical dementia and agitation in the afternoon/evening (i.e., "sundowning").
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 8th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5300 Alpha Commons Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, 2024 E Monument St, Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E Monument St, Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Murat Bilgel
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 100, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yang An
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 100, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Junrui Di
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sarah K Wanigatunga
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 8th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Rangos Bldg, Room 294, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Rangos Bldg, Room 294, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brendan P Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8111, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, 2024 E Monument St, Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E Monument St, Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amal A Wanigatunga
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, 2024 E Monument St, Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E Monument St, Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Paul B Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5300 Alpha Commons Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 100, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Keenan A Walker
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 100, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 100, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 100, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
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20
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Farag HI, Murphy BA, Templeman JR, Hanlon C, Joshua J, Koch TG, Niel L, Shoveller AK, Bedecarrats GY, Ellison A, Wilcockson D, Martino TA. One Health: Circadian Medicine Benefits Both Non-human Animals and Humans Alike. J Biol Rhythms 2024:7487304241228021. [PMID: 38379166 DOI: 10.1177/07487304241228021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Circadian biology's impact on human physical health and its role in disease development and progression is widely recognized. The forefront of circadian rhythm research now focuses on translational applications to clinical medicine, aiming to enhance disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment responses. However, the field of circadian medicine has predominantly concentrated on human healthcare, neglecting its potential for transformative applications in veterinary medicine, thereby overlooking opportunities to improve non-human animal health and welfare. This review consists of three main sections. The first section focuses on the translational potential of circadian medicine into current industry practices of agricultural animals, with a particular emphasis on horses, broiler chickens, and laying hens. The second section delves into the potential applications of circadian medicine in small animal veterinary care, primarily focusing on our companion animals, namely dogs and cats. The final section explores emerging frontiers in circadian medicine, encompassing aquaculture, veterinary hospital care, and non-human animal welfare and concludes with the integration of One Health principles. In summary, circadian medicine represents a highly promising field of medicine that holds the potential to significantly enhance the clinical care and overall health of all animals, extending its impact beyond human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham I Farag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara A Murphy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James R Templeman
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Charlene Hanlon
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica Joshua
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Niel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna K Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Amy Ellison
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - David Wilcockson
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Tami A Martino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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21
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Štefánik P, Morová M, Herichová I. Impact of Long-Lasting Environmental Factors on Regulation Mediated by the miR-34 Family. Biomedicines 2024; 12:424. [PMID: 38398026 PMCID: PMC10887245 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on the interactions of newly emerging environmental factors with miRNA-mediated regulation. In particular, we draw attention to the effects of phthalates, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and a disrupted light/dark cycle. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules with a tremendous regulatory impact, which is usually executed via gene expression inhibition. To address the capacity of environmental factors to influence miRNA-mediated regulation, the miR-34 family was selected for its well-described oncostatic and neuro-modulatory properties. The expression of miR-34 is in a tissue-dependent manner to some extent under the control of the circadian system. There is experimental evidence implicating that phthalates, EMFs and the circadian system interact with the miR-34 family, in both lines of its physiological functioning. The inhibition of miR-34 expression in response to phthalates, EMFs and light contamination has been described in cancer tissue and cell lines and was associated with a decline in oncostatic miR-34a signalling (decrease in p21 expression) and a promotion of tumorigenesis (increases in Noth1, cyclin D1 and cry1 expressions). The effects of miR-34 on neural functions have also been influenced by phthalates, EMFs and a disrupted light/dark cycle. Environmental factors shifted the effects of miR-34 from beneficial to the promotion of neurodegeneration and decreased cognition. Moreover, the apoptogenic capacity of miR-34 induced via phthalate administration in the testes has been shown to negatively influence germ cell proliferation. To conclude, as the oncostatic and positive neuromodulatory functions of the miR-34 family can be strongly influenced by environmental factors, their interactions should be taken into consideration in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Štefánik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Morová
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Herichová
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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22
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Abhilash L, Shafer OT. A two-process model of Drosophila sleep reveals an inter-dependence between circadian clock speed and the rate of sleep pressure decay. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad277. [PMID: 37930351 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is controlled by two processes-a circadian clock that regulates its timing and a homeostat that regulates the drive to sleep. Drosophila has been an insightful model for understanding both processes. For four decades, Borbély and Daan's two-process model has provided a powerful framework for understanding sleep regulation. However, the field of fly sleep has not employed such a model as a framework for the investigation of sleep. To this end, we have adapted the two-process model to the fly and established its utility by showing that it can provide empirically testable predictions regarding the circadian and homeostatic control of fly sleep. We show that the ultradian rhythms previously reported for loss-of-function clock mutants in the fly are robustly detectable and a predictable consequence of a functional sleep homeostat in the absence of a functioning circadian system. We find that a model in which the circadian clock speed and homeostatic rates act without influencing each other provides imprecise predictions regarding how clock speed influences the strength of sleep rhythms and the amount of daily sleep. We also find that quantitatively good fits between empirical values and model predictions were achieved only when clock speeds were positively correlated with rates of decay of sleep pressure. Our results indicate that longer sleep bouts better reflect the homeostatic process than the current definition of sleep as any inactivity lasting 5 minutes or more. This two-process model represents a powerful framework for work on the molecular and physiological regulation of fly sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshman Abhilash
- The Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orie Thomas Shafer
- The Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Obayashi K, Saeki K, Tai Y, Yamagami Y, Esaki Y, Yoshikawa T, Sugie K, Kataoka H. Daily light exposure profiles and the association with objective sleep quality in patients with Parkinson's disease: The PHASE study. Sleep 2024:zsae036. [PMID: 38330229 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Light information crucially influences the sleep initiation and continuity. The purpose of this study was to compare daily light exposure between patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and non-PD older adults and evaluate the association of daily light exposure with objective sleep measures in patients with PD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 189 outpatients with PD and 1101 community dwelling older adults (controls), daily light exposure was measured using wrist light meters during the daytime and light meters set in the bedrooms during the nighttime, and objective sleep quality was measured by wrist actigraphy. RESULTS The median duration of exposure to ≥1000 lux light was significantly shorter in patients with PD than in controls. The median nighttime light intensity was higher in patients with PD than in controls. Among patients with PD, multivariable analysis suggested that the highest quartile of exposure to ≥1000 lux light during the daytime was linked to significantly higher sleep efficiency by 8.0% and shorter wake after sleep onset (WASO) by 36.9 min than the lowest quartile. During the nighttime, the highest quartile of mean light intensity had significantly lower sleep efficiency by 6.8%, longer WASO by 24.1 min, longer sleep onset latency, and higher fragmentation index, than the lowest quartile. Importantly, daytime and nighttime light levels were independently associated with objective sleep measures. CONCLUSION The present study illustrated that greater daytime light exposure and lower nighttime light exposure are significantly associated with better objective sleep measures in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tai
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamagami
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuichi Esaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Yoshikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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24
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Eckle T, Scott B. Preface on highlights in anesthesia and critical care medicine. Ann Transl Med 2024; 12:1. [PMID: 38304909 PMCID: PMC10777234 DOI: 10.21037/atm-2023-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin Scott
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Berthier A, Gheeraert C, Johanns M, Vinod M, Staels B, Eeckhoute J, Lefebvre P. The Molecular Circadian Clock Is a Target of Anti-cancer Translation Inhibitors. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:20-34. [PMID: 37872767 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231202561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Circadian-paced biological processes are key to physiology and required for metabolic, immunologic, and cardiovascular homeostasis. Core circadian clock components are transcription factors whose half-life is precisely regulated, thereby controlling the intrinsic cellular circadian clock. Genetic disruption of molecular clock components generally leads to marked pathological events phenotypically affecting behavior and multiple aspects of physiology. Using a transcriptional signature similarity approach, we identified anti-cancer protein synthesis inhibitors as potent modulators of the cardiomyocyte molecular clock. Eukaryotic protein translation inhibitors, ranging from translation initiation (rocaglates, 4-EGI1, etc.) to ribosomal elongation inhibitors (homoharringtonine, puromycin, etc.), were found to potently ablate protein abundance of REV-ERBα, a repressive nuclear receptor and component of the molecular clock. These inhibitory effects were observed both in vitro and in vivo and could be extended to PER2, another component of the molecular clock. Taken together, our observations suggest that the activity spectrum of protein synthesis inhibitors, whose clinical use is contemplated not only in cancers but also in viral infections, must be extended to circadian rhythm disruption, with potential beneficial or iatrogenic effects upon acute or prolonged administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Berthier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Manuel Johanns
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Manjula Vinod
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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26
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Maidstone R, Rutter MK, Marjot T, Ray DW, Baxter M. Shift work and evening chronotype are associated with hepatic fat fraction and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 282,303 UK biobank participants. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230472. [PMID: 38055788 PMCID: PMC10831536 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common liver disease worldwide. Modern lifestyles have been linked to this rise in prevalence with changes in rhythmic human behaviour emerging as a possible mechanism. We investigated how shift working patterns and chronotype were associated with hepatic fat fraction and NAFLD in 282,303 UK Biobank participants. Methods We stratified participants into day, irregular-shift, and permanent night-shift workers. We then utilised multiple methods of disease identification including (i) Dallas steatosis index (DSI), (ii) ICD10 codes, and (iii) hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and examined how shift work exposure impacted these variables. We further assessed the relationship of baseline chronotype with liver phenotypes using these same outcome measures. Results Compared to day workers, irregular-shift workers were more likely to have a high DSI (OR 1.29 (1.2-1.4)) after adjusting for major covariates with some attenuation after additional adjustment for BMI (OR 1.12 (1.03-1.22)). Likelihood of high DSI was also increased in permanent night-shift workers (OR 1.08 (0.9-1.29)) in the fully adjusted model. Mediator analysis revealed that BMI was a significant mediator of the shift work effect. Compared to participants with intermediate chronotype, those with extreme late chronotype had a higher likelihood of high DSI defined NAFLD (OR 1.45 (1.34-1.56)) and a higher likelihood of NAFLD/NASH by ICD10 code (OR 1.23 (1.09-1.39)). Hepatic PDFF was elevated in irregular shift workers, but not permanent night-shift workers. Conclusions Irregular-shift work and extreme late chronotype are associated with pathological liver fat accumulation, suggesting circadian misalignment may have an underlying pathogenic role. These findings have implications for health interventions to mitigate the detrimental effect of shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Maidstone
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Liver Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Baxter
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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27
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Becker SP, Luebbe AM, Kofler MJ, Burns GL, Jarrett MA. ADHD, chronotype, and circadian preference in a multi-site sample of college students. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13994. [PMID: 37437906 PMCID: PMC10784417 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and an evening chronotype are both common among college students, and there is growing interest in understanding the possible link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and circadian function. However, mixed findings have been reported, and many of the existing studies have used small samples that were unable to examine chronotype across attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder presentations. Participants were 4751 students (73% female; 80% White), aged 18-29 years (M = 19.28, SD = 1.50), from five universities who completed measures assessing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to assess chronotype (categorical) and circadian preference (dimensional). Participants with either attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder predominantly inattentive presentation or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined presentation had higher rates of being an evening type (47.2% and 41.5%, respectively) than participants without elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (28.5%), and participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder predominantly inattentive presentation also had higher rates of being an evening type than participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation (30.7%). Dimensional analyses indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive symptoms were more strongly associated than hyperactive-impulsive symptoms with eveningness preference. Finally, greater eveningness preference strengthened the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention and depressive symptoms but not anxiety symptoms. This is the largest study to document that college students with elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are more likely to be evening types than other college students, and inattentive symptoms in particular are associated with later circadian preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron M. Luebbe
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael J. Kofler
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - G. Leonard Burns
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew A. Jarrett
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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28
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Akpoghiran O, Afonso DJS, Zhang Y, Koh K. TARANIS Interacts with VRILLE and PDP1 to Modulate the Circadian Transcriptional Feedback Mechanism in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0922232023. [PMID: 38296648 PMCID: PMC10860567 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0922-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular clock that generates daily rhythms of behavior and physiology consists of interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops. In Drosophila, the primary feedback loop involving the CLOCK-CYCLE transcriptional activators and the PERIOD-TIMELESS transcriptional repressors is interlocked with a secondary loop involving VRILLE (VRI) and PAR DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (PDP1), a repressor and activator of Clock transcription, respectively. Whereas extensive studies have found numerous transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational modulators of the primary loop, relatively little is known about the secondary loop. In this study, using male and female flies as well as cultured cells, we demonstrate that TARANIS (TARA), a Drosophila homolog of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of transcriptional coregulators, functions with VRI and PDP1 to modulate the circadian period and rhythm strength. Knocking down tara reduces rhythm amplitude and can shorten the period length, while overexpressing TARA lengthens the circadian period. Additionally, tara mutants exhibit reduced rhythmicity and lower expression of the PDF neuropeptide. We find that TARA can form a physical complex with VRI and PDP1, enhancing their repressor and activator functions, respectively. The conserved SERTA domain of TARA is required to regulate the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1, and its deletion leads to reduced locomotor rhythmicity. Consistent with TARA's role in enhancing VRI and PDP1 activity, overexpressing tara has a similar effect on the circadian period and rhythm strength as simultaneously overexpressing vri and Pdp1 Together, our results suggest that TARA modulates circadian behavior by enhancing the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenerukevwe Akpoghiran
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
| | - Dinis J S Afonso
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
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29
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Willis GL, Armstrong SM. Fine-tuning the circadian system with light treatment for Parkinson's disease: an in-depth, critical review. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:57-84. [PMID: 37609845 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Late in the twentieth century, interest intensified regarding the involvement of the circadian system in the aetiology and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been envisaged that this approach might provide relief beyond the limited benefits and severe side effects achieved by dopamine (DA) replacement. In the first clinical article, published in 1996, polychromatic light was used to shift the circadian clock as it is considered to be the most powerful zeitgeber (time keeper) that can be implemented to realign circadian phase. Since that time, 11 additional articles have implemented light treatment (LT) in various forms as an adjuvant to DA replacement. In spite of the growing interest in this area, the systematic exploration of LT in PD has been stymied by several methodological factors. Such factors include time of LT presentation, duration of studies undertaken, frequency of light employed, dose of light prescribed and relevance of experimental design to the prolonged course of the illness. On this basis, it is the purpose of this review to provide an in-depth examination of these papers, and the underlying preclinical work, to provide critique, thereby giving direction for future studies in therapeutic applications of LT for PD. Consideration of this collective work may serve to carve a path for future research and thereby improve the lives of those suffering from this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Willis
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, 40 Davy Street, Woodend, VIC 3442, Australia
| | - Stuart M Armstrong
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, 40 Davy Street, Woodend, VIC 3442, Australia
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30
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Aukema RJ, Baglot SL, Scheufen J, Lightfoot SH, Hill MN. Circadian Influence on Acute Stress-induced Changes in Cortico-limbic Endocannabinoid Levels in Adult Male Rats. Neuroscience 2024; 537:84-92. [PMID: 38006961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays an important role in regulating the stress response, including glucocorticoid release and the generation of avoidance behaviour. Its two major ligands, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide; AEA), are dynamically influenced by psychological stress to gate the generation of the stress response and facilitate recovery upon stress termination. Many biological systems exhibit circadian "daily" rhythms, including glucocorticoids and endocannabinoids, and the behavioural and endocrine impact of stress is modulated by the time of day. Nonetheless, most preclinical experiments investigating the interaction between stress and endocannabinoids occur in the light, "inactive" phase. We therefore tested if circadian phase influences stress-induced changes in eCB levels in the hippocampus (HIP), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and amygdala (AMY). Adult male rats were exposed to 15 min swim stress or immediately euthanized, and brains were collected. Testing occurred either early in the light or early in the dark phase of their cycle to compare circadian effects. We found that overall, stress decreased AEA in the AMY and HIP, with an effect in the PFC dependent on the time of day. Conversely, stress increased 2-AG in the AMY, with an effect in the PFC and HIP dependent on the time of day. This suggests that stress has a similar overall impact on eCB levels regardless of circadian phase, but that subtle differences may occur depending on the brain region, especially the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Aukema
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Samantha L Baglot
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jessica Scheufen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Savannah Hm Lightfoot
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
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31
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Wang S, Lightman S, Cristianini N. Diurnal patterns in Twitter sentiment in Italy and United Kingdom are correlated. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1276285. [PMID: 38314252 PMCID: PMC10836357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1276285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diurnal variations in indicators of emotion have been reliably observed in Twitter content, but confirmation of their circadian nature has not been possible due to the many confounding factors present in the data. We report on correlations between those indicators in Twitter content obtained from 9 cities of Italy and 54 cities in the United Kingdom, sampled hourly at the time of the 2020 national lockdowns. This experimental setting aims at minimizing synchronization effects related to television, eating habits, or other cultural factors. This correlation supports a circadian origin for these diurnal variations, although it does not exclude the possibility that similar zeitgebers exist in both countries including during lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nello Cristianini
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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32
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Kumar R, Fu J, Ortiz BL, Cao X, Shedden K, Choi SW. Dyadic and Individual Variation in 24-Hour Heart Rates of Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:95. [PMID: 38247972 PMCID: PMC10813060 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty-four-hour heart rate (HR) integrates multiple physiological and psychological systems related to health and well-being, and can be continuously monitored in high temporal resolution over several days with wearable HR monitors. Using HR data from two independent datasets of cancer patients and their caregivers, we aimed to identify dyadic and individual patterns of 24 h HR variation and assess their relationship to demographic, environmental, psychological, and clinical variables of interest. METHODS a novel regularized approach to high-dimensional canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to identify factors reflecting dyadic and individual variation in the 24 h (circadian) HR trajectories of 430 people in 215 dyads, then regression analysis was used to relate these patterns to explanatory variables. RESULTS Four distinct factors of dyadic covariation in circadian HR were found, contributing approximately 7% to overall circadian HR variation. These factors, along with non-dyadic factors reflecting individual variation exhibited diverse and statistically robust patterns of association with explanatory variables of interest. CONCLUSIONS Both dyadic and individual anomalies are present in the 24 h HR patterns of cancer patients and their caregivers. These patterns are largely synchronous, and their presence robustly associates with multiple explanatory variables. One notable finding is that higher mood scores in cancer patients correspond to an earlier HR nadir in the morning and higher HR during the afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.K.); (B.L.O.); (X.C.)
| | - Junhan Fu
- Department of Statistics, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Bengie L. Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.K.); (B.L.O.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiao Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.K.); (B.L.O.); (X.C.)
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Sung Won Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.K.); (B.L.O.); (X.C.)
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33
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Youngstedt SD. Delaying early morning workouts to protect sleep in two-a-day athletes. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1346761. [PMID: 38292067 PMCID: PMC10825006 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1346761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-a-day training is common for endurance athletes with training sessions typically beginning at 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. or 4 p.m. However, the early morning workouts could contribute to significant sleep loss, especially for night owls. Chronic sleep loss over a season could result in impaired performance, as well as an increased risk of physical and mental illness. It is hypothesized that shifting the early morning workout to later in the day could have beneficial effects for these athletes. A number of obstacles could make this hypothesis difficulty to test and implement. However, such a change could have dramatic benefits for some athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D. Youngstedt
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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34
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Crouse JJ, Park SH, Byrne EM, Mitchell BL, Chan K, Scott J, Medland SE, Martin NG, Wray NR, Hickie IB. Evening chronotypes with depression report poorer outcomes of SSRIs: A survey-based study of self-ratings. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)00002-7. [PMID: 38185236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence suggests evening chronotype relates to poorer efficacy of selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is unknown whether this is specific to particular medications, self-rated chronotype, or efficacy. METHODS In the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (N=15,108; 75% female; 18-90 years; 68% with ≥1 other lifetime diagnosis), a survey assessed experiences with 10 antidepressants and the reduced Morningness-Evening Questionnaire; a chronotype polygenic score (PGS) was calculated. Age- and sex-adjusted regression models (Bonferroni-corrected) estimated associations among antidepressants variables ("how well the antidepressant worked" [efficacy], duration of symptom improvement, side effects, discontinuation due to side effects) and self-rated and genetic chronotypes. RESULTS The chronotype-PGS explained 4% of the variance in self-rated chronotype (r=0.21). Higher self-rated eveningness was associated with poorer efficacy of escitalopram (OR=1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.06; p=0.000035), fluoxetine (OR=1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p=0.001), sertraline (OR=1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.04; p=0.0008), and desvenlafaxine (OR=1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p=0.004), and a profile of increased side effects (80% of those recorded; ORs=0.93-0.98), with 'difficulty getting to sleep' most likely. Self-rated chronotype was not related to duration of improvement or discontinuation due to side effects. The chronotype-PGS was only associated with suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide (self-reported). While our measures are imperfect, and not of circadian phase under controlled conditions, the model coefficients suggest that dysregulation of phenotypic chronotype relative to its genetic proxy was driving relationships with antidepressant outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The idea that variation in circadian factors influences antidepressant responses was supported and encourages exploration of circadian mechanisms of depressive disorders and antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Crouse
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Shin Ho Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brittany L Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karina Chan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Weidemann BJ, Marcheva B, Kobayashi M, Omura C, Newman MV, Kobayashi Y, Waldeck NJ, Perelis M, Lantier L, McGuinness OP, Ramsey KM, Stein RW, Bass J. Repression of latent NF-κB enhancers by PDX1 regulates β cell functional heterogeneity. Cell Metab 2024; 36:90-102.e7. [PMID: 38171340 PMCID: PMC10793877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between lineage-determining and activity-dependent transcription factors determine single-cell identity and function within multicellular tissues through incompletely known mechanisms. By assembling a single-cell atlas of chromatin state within human islets, we identified β cell subtypes governed by either high or low activity of the lineage-determining factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1). β cells with reduced PDX1 activity displayed increased chromatin accessibility at latent nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) enhancers. Pdx1 hypomorphic mice exhibited de-repression of NF-κB and impaired glucose tolerance at night. Three-dimensional analyses in tandem with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing revealed that PDX1 silences NF-κB at circadian and inflammatory enhancers through long-range chromatin contacts involving SIN3A. Conversely, Bmal1 ablation in β cells disrupted genome-wide PDX1 and NF-κB DNA binding. Finally, antagonizing the interleukin (IL)-1β receptor, an NF-κB target, improved insulin secretion in Pdx1 hypomorphic islets. Our studies reveal functional subtypes of single β cells defined by a gradient in PDX1 activity and identify NF-κB as a target for insulinotropic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Weidemann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Biliana Marcheva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mikoto Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chiaki Omura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marsha V Newman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nathan J Waldeck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mark Perelis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Louise Lantier
- Vanderbilt-NIH Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Vanderbilt-NIH Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Roland W Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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36
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Burgess HJ, Kagan D, Rizvydeen M, Swanson LM, Kim HM. An independent comparison of the Novolytix salivary melatonin radioimmunoassay with the new Novolytix salivary melatonin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12933. [PMID: 38108222 PMCID: PMC10872290 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is the current gold standard biomarker of the timing of the central circadian clock in humans and is often assessed from saliva samples. To date, only one commercially available salivary melatonin assay is considered accurate at the low daytime levels required to accurately detect the DLMO (Novolytix RIA RK-DSM2). The aim of this study was to conduct the first independent evaluation of a newly improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Novolytix MLTN-96) and compare it with the recommended radioimmunoassay (RIA)-both in terms of melatonin concentrations and derived DLMOs. Twenty participants (15 females, 18-59 years old) provided saliva samples every 30 min in dim light starting 6 h before their habitual bedtime, yielding a total of 260 saliva samples. Both the RIA and ELISA yielded daytime melatonin concentrations <2 pg/mL, indicating adequate accuracy to detect the DLMO. The melatonin concentrations from the two assays were highly correlated (r = .94, p < .001), although the RIA yielded lower levels of melatonin concentration than the ELISA, on average by 0.70 pg/mL (p = .006). Seventeen DLMOs were calculated from the melatonin profiles and the DLMOs from both assays were not statistically different (p = .36) and were highly correlated (r = .97, p < .001). Two DLMOs derived from the RIA occurred more than 30 min earlier than the DLMO derived from the ELISA. These results indicate that the new Novolytix ELISA is an appropriate assay to use if the Novolytix RIA is not feasible or available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J. Burgess
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - David Kagan
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - Muneer Rizvydeen
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - Leslie M. Swanson
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- Consulting for Statistics, Computing and Analytics Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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37
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Najjar RP, Prayag AS, Gronfier C. Melatonin suppression by light involves different retinal photoreceptors in young and older adults. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12930. [PMID: 38241677 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Age-related sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances may be due to altered nonvisual photoreception. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics of light-induced melatonin suppression in young and older individuals. In a within-subject design study, young and older participants were exposed for 60 min (0030-0130 at night) to nine narrow-band lights (range: 420-620 nm). Plasma melatonin suppression was calculated at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min time intervals. Individual spectral sensitivity of melatonin suppression and photoreceptor contribution were predicted for each interval and age group. In young participants, melanopsin solely drove melatonin suppression at all time intervals, with a peak sensitivity at 485.3 nm established only after 15 min of light exposure. Conversely, in older participants, spectral light-driven melatonin suppression was best explained by a more complex model combining melanopsin, S-cone, and M-cone functions, with a stable peak (~500 nm) at 30, 45, and 60 min of light exposure. Aging is associated with a distinct photoreceptor contribution to melatonin suppression by light. While in young adults melanopsin-only photoreception is a reliable predictor of melatonin suppression, in older individuals this process is jointly driven by melanopsin, S-cone, and M-cone functions. These findings offer new prospects for customizing light therapy for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Najjar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Visual Neurosciences Group, ASPIRE Research Program, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Visual Sciences and Ophthalmology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Innovation & Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek S Prayag
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Waking Team, Inserm UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Waking Team, Inserm UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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38
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Lightman S, Upton T. How an appreciation of dynamics has altered our understanding of the HPA axis. Stress 2024; 27:2297371. [PMID: 38258508 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2297371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhythmicity is a intrinsic feature of biological systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, a mammalian neurohormonal system crucial both in daily life and as a network that responds to stressful stimuli. Circadian and ultradian rhythmicity underlie HPA activity in rodents and in humans, regulating gene expression, metabolism and behavior, and adverse consequences occur when rhythms are disturbed. In the assessment of human disease, the complexity of HPA rhythmicity is rarely acknowledged or understood, and is currently a limitation to better diagnosis and treatment. However, the recent emergence of ambulatory, high frequency and blood-free hormone sampling techniques has the promise to substantially change our understanding of the function of HPA axis in healthy normal life, and provide new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas Upton
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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39
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Xing H, Wu Z, Chang Y, Ma M, Song Z, Liu Y, Dai H. Resting-State fMRI Study of Vigilance Under Circadian and Homeostatic Modulation Based on Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation and Regional Homogeneity in Humans Under Normal Entrained Conditions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:211-222. [PMID: 37078514 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How brain neural activity changes at multiple time points throughout the day and the neural mechanisms underlying time-dependent modulation of vigilance are less clear. PURPOSE To explore the effect of circadian rhythms and homeostasis on brain neural activity and the potential neural basis of time-dependent modulation of vigilance. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS A total of 30 healthy participants (22-27 years old). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T, T1-weighted imaging, echo-planar functional MRI (fMRI). ASSESSMENT Six resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scanning sessions were performed at fixed times (9:00 h, 13:00 h, 17:00 h, 21:00 h, 1:00 h, and 5:00 h) to investigate fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) diurnal variation. The fALFF/ReHo and the result of the psychomotor vigilance task were used to assess local neural activity and vigilance. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess changes in vigilance (P < 0.05) and neural activity in the whole brain (P < 0.001 at the voxel level and P < 0.01 at the cluster level, Gaussian random field [GRF] corrected). Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between neural activity and vigilance at all-time points of the day. RESULTS The fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices tended to increase from 9:00 h to 13:00 h and from 21:00 h to 5:00 h, whereas the key nodes of the default mode network (DMN) tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The vigilance tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices was negatively correlated with vigilance at all-time points of the day, whereas the fALFF/ReHo in the key nodes of the DMN was positively correlated with vigilance. DATA CONCLUSION Neural activities in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices show similar trends throughout the day, whereas the key nodes of the DMN show roughly opposite trends. Notably, diurnal variation of the neural activity in these brain regions may be an adaptive or compensatory response to changes in vigilance. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1. TECHNICAL EFFICACY 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Xing
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Ma
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine and Equipment, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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40
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James AB, Sharples C, Laird J, Armstrong EM, Guo W, Tzioutziou N, Zhang R, Brown JWS, Nimmo HG, Jones MA. REVEILLE2 thermosensitive splicing: a molecular basis for the integration of nocturnal temperature information by the Arabidopsis circadian clock. New Phytol 2024; 241:283-297. [PMID: 37897048 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the major environmental factors that limit growth and yield of plants. However, it is still not fully understood how plants account for daily temperature fluctuations, nor how these temperature changes are integrated with other regulatory systems such as the circadian clock. We demonstrate that REVEILLE2 undergoes alternative splicing after chilling that increases accumulation of a transcript isoform encoding a MYB-like transcription factor. We explore the biological function of REVEILLE2 in Arabidopsis thaliana using a combination of molecular genetics, transcriptomics, and physiology. Disruption of REVEILLE2 alternative splicing alters regulatory gene expression, impairs circadian timing, and improves photosynthetic capacity. Changes in nuclear gene expression are particularly apparent in the initial hours following chilling, with chloroplast gene expression subsequently upregulated. The response of REVEILLE2 to chilling extends our understanding of plants immediate response to cooling. We propose that the circadian component REVEILLE2 restricts plants responses to nocturnal reductions in temperature, thereby enabling appropriate responses to daily environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan B James
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Chantal Sharples
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty for Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Janet Laird
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Emily May Armstrong
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Nikoleta Tzioutziou
- Plant Sciences Division, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Runxuan Zhang
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - John W S Brown
- Plant Sciences Division, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Hugh G Nimmo
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Matthew A Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Erickson ML, Dobias D, Keleher MR, Dabelea D, Bergman BC, Broussard JL, Boyle KE. In Vitro Circadian Clock Gene Expression Assessments in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Infants: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:52. [PMID: 38201882 PMCID: PMC10780581 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to intrauterine obesity can disrupt clock gene rhythmicity in animal models. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if maternal obesity alters rhythmic expression of core clock in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cords of human infants born to mothers with obesity (Ob-MSC) vs. normal weight (NW-MSC). METHODS We compared in vitro rhythmic expression patterns of core clock (BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2) and clock-output (NR1D1), components in undifferentiated Ob-MSCs (n = 3) vs. NW-MSCs (n = 3). MSCs were harvested every 2 h, following a dexamethasone shock, for 30 h. Adipogenesis or myogenesis was induced in vitro and markers of adipogenesis and fat storage were assessed, respectively. RESULTS We detected significant rhythmicity in expression patterns of BMAL1, PER2, and NR1D1 at the group level in Ob- and NW-MSCs (p < 0.05). PER2 oscillatory amplitude was 3-fold higher in Ob-MSCs vs. NW-MSCs (p < 0.006). During adipogenesis, Ob-MSCs had higher PPARγ protein content (p = 0.04) vs. NW-MSC. During myogenesis, Ob-MSCs had higher saturated triacylglycerols (p = 0.04) vs. NW-MSC. CONCLUSION Rhythmic expressions of BMAL1, PER2, and NR1D1 are detectable in undifferentiated MSCs. Higher PER2 oscillatory amplitude was paralleled by higher markers of fat storage during differentiation in Ob-MSCs vs. NW-MSCs, and supports that the core clock and cellular metabolism may be linked in infant MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin Dobias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.D.)
| | - Madeline Rose Keleher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.D.)
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Bryan C. Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.C.B.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Josiane L. Broussard
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.C.B.); (J.L.B.)
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80011, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.D.)
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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42
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Nettnin EA, Nguyen T, Arana S, Barros Guinle MI, Garcia CA, Gibson EM, Prolo LM. Review: therapeutic approaches for circadian modulation of the glioma microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1295030. [PMID: 38173841 PMCID: PMC10762863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1295030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are malignant brain tumors that are characteristically hard to treat because of their nature; they grow quickly and invasively through the brain tissue and develop chemoradiation resistance in adults. There is also a distinct lack of targeted treatment options in the pediatric population for this tumor type to date. Several approaches to overcome therapeutic resistance have been explored, including targeted therapy to growth pathways (ie. EGFR and VEGF inhibitors), epigenetic modulators, and immunotherapies such as Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell and vaccine therapies. One new promising approach relies on the timing of chemotherapy administration based on intrinsic circadian rhythms. Recent work in glioblastoma has demonstrated temporal variations in chemosensitivity and, thus, improved survival based on treatment time of day. This may be due to intrinsic rhythms of the glioma cells, permeability of the blood brain barrier to chemotherapy agents, the tumor immune microenvironment, or another unknown mechanism. We review the literature to discuss chronotherapeutic approaches to high-grade glioma treatment, circadian regulation of the immune system and tumor microenvironment in gliomas. We further discuss how these two areas may be combined to temporally regulate and/or improve the effectiveness of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella A. Nettnin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thien Nguyen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Arana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Cesar A. Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Erin M. Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura M. Prolo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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43
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Zeng X, Soreze TSC, Ballegaard M, Petersen PM. Integrative Lighting Aimed at Patients with Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:806-830. [PMID: 38131751 PMCID: PMC10742818 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of circadian lighting-induced melatonin suppression on patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders in hospital wards by using an ad-hoc metrology framework and the subsequent metrics formalized by the CIE in 2018. A measurement scheme was conducted in hospital ward rooms in the Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, at Roskilde in Denmark, to evaluate the photometric and colorimetric characteristics of the lighting system, as well as its influence on the circadian rhythm of the occupants. The measurement scheme included point measurements and data logging, using a spectrophotometer mounted on a tripod with adjustable height to assess the newly installed circadian lighting system. The measured spectra were uploaded to the Luox platform to calculate illuminance, CCT, MEDI, etc., in accordance with the CIE S026 standard. Furthermore, the MLIT based on MEDI data logging results was calculated. In addition to CIE S026, we have investigated the usefulness of melatonin suppression models for the assessment of circadian performance regarding measured light. From the results, the lighting conditions in the patient room for both minimal and abundant daylight access were evaluated and compared; we found that access to daylight is essential for both illumination and circadian entrainment. It can be concluded that the measurement scheme, together with the use of the Luox platform and Canva template, is suitable for the accurate and satisfactory measurement of integrative lighting that aligns with CIE requirements and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxi Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (X.Z.); (P.M.P.)
| | - Thierry Silvio Claude Soreze
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (X.Z.); (P.M.P.)
| | - Martin Ballegaard
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Michael Petersen
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (X.Z.); (P.M.P.)
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Miller MB, Cofresí RU, McCarthy DM, Carskadon MA. Sleep and circadian influences on blood alcohol concentration. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad250. [PMID: 37756490 PMCID: PMC10710990 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Anecdotally, adults reach higher levels of subjective intoxication on days they are fatigued or sleep-deprived, but sleep is not typically discussed as a predictor of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in clinical settings. To inform clinical work and future research, this perspective reviews data examining the impact of sleep (process S) and circadian (process C) factors on indicators of BAC in humans and animal models. METHODS Literature searches of medical and psychological databases were conducted to identify articles that manipulated sleep/circadian factors and reported effects on indicators of alcohol pharmacology (e.g. BAC, alcohol metabolism). RESULTS Of the 86 full-text articles reviewed, 21 met inclusion criteria. Studies included manipulations of time of day, circadian phase (evidence for process C), and time in bed (evidence for process S). Evidence for time-of-day effects on alcohol pharmacology was most compelling. Studies also provided evidence for circadian phase effects, but failed to find support for time-in-bed effects. Although results were not uniform across studies, most evidence from human and animal models indicates that peak BACs occur toward the beginning of the biological day, with some studies indicating slower alcohol elimination rates at this time. CONCLUSIONS Circadian factors likely influence alcohol pharmacokinetics, perhaps due to altered elimination of alcohol from the body. This means that individuals may reach higher BACs if they drink during the morning (when, for most people, circadian alerting is low) versus other times of the day. Alcohol prevention and intervention efforts should highlight sleep/circadian health as a potential contributor to alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Roberto U Cofresí
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri College of Arts and Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Denis M McCarthy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri College of Arts and Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- Sleep for Science Research Lab, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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45
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Berisha G, Sedliak M, Zeman M, Hamar D, Cvečka J, Tirpáková V, Vajda M, Oreská Ľ, Černáčková A, Čupka M, Šarabon N, Protasi F, Zampieri S, Kern H, Lofler S, Musaro A, Stebelová K, Okuliarová M. Can lifelong endurance exercise improve ageing through beneficial effects on circadian timing function, muscular performance and health status in men? Protocol for a comparative cross-sectional study. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:10.4081/ejtm.2023. 12012. [PMID: 38058287 PMCID: PMC10811640 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-synchronized circadian system is a manifestation of an individual's health. A gradual weakening of the circadian timing function characterizes aging. Regular exercise has been suggested as a modality to improve many detrimental changes associated with aging. Therefore, we aim to examine the benefits and risks of lifelong endurance exercise on age-dependent changes in the circadian time-keeping function, the performance of the muscular system and health status. The study protocol has a comparative cross-sectional design, including groups of senior (65 to 75 years old, n=16) and young (20-30 years old, n=16) endurance runners and triathletes. Age-matched groups of young and elderly sedentary men are included as controls. The circadian function is evaluated mainly by measurement of urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin, a metabolite of the hormone melatonin shown to participate in the modulation of sleep cycles. The 6-sulphatoxymelatonin will be assessed in urine samples collected upon awakening in the morning and in the late evening, as a marker of melatonin production. In addition, sleep/activity rhythms and sleep quality will be measured by wrist actigraphy. Performance of the muscular system will be assessed by examination of muscular strength and quantifying of gene expression in the skeletal muscle tissue samples. Health status and age-induced reduction in immune function are to be analysed via the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune markers in the plasma and skeletal muscle, body composition, bone density and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genc Berisha
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Michal Zeman
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology.
| | - Dušan Hamar
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Ján Cvečka
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Professor Hamar Diagnostic Centre.
| | - Veronika Tirpáková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Professor Hamar Diagnostic Centre.
| | - Matej Vajda
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Professor Hamar Diagnostic Centre.
| | - Ľudmila Oreská
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Alena Černáčková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Martin Čupka
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences.
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences.
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- University of Padova, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Biomedical Sciences.
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, St. Pölten, Austria and 2. Physiko- und Rheumatherapie.
| | - Stefan Lofler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, St. Pölten, Austria and 2. Physiko- und Rheumatherapie.
| | - Antonio Musaro
- University of Rome La Sapienza, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza.
| | - Katarína Stebelová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology.
| | - Monika Okuliarová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology.
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46
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Hughes BR, Shanaz S, Ismail-Sutton S, Wreglesworth NI, Subbe CP, Innominato PF. Circadian lifestyle determinants of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1284089. [PMID: 38111535 PMCID: PMC10727689 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1284089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised cancer care in recent years. Despite a global improvement in the efficacy and tolerability of systemic anticancer treatments, a sizeable proportion of patients still do not benefit maximally from ICI. Extensive research has been undertaken to reveal the immune- and cancer-related mechanisms underlying resistance and response to ICI, yet more limited investigations have explored potentially modifiable lifestyle host factors and their impact on ICI efficacy and tolerability. Moreover, multiple trials have reported a marked and coherent effect of time-of-day ICI administration and patients' outcomes. The biological circadian clock indeed temporally controls multiple aspects of the immune system, both directly and through mediation of timing of lifestyle actions, including food intake, physical exercise, exposure to bright light and sleep. These factors potentially modulate the immune response also through the microbiome, emerging as an important mediator of a patient's immune system. Thus, this review will look at critically amalgamating the existing clinical and experimental evidence to postulate how modifiable lifestyle factors could be used to improve the outcomes of cancer patients on immunotherapy through appropriate and individualised entrainment of the circadian timing system and temporal orchestration of the immune system functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan R. Hughes
- Oncology Department, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom
- School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Sadiq Shanaz
- Oncology Department, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Seline Ismail-Sutton
- Oncology Department, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas I. Wreglesworth
- Oncology Department, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom
- School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Christian P. Subbe
- School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- Department of Acute Medicine, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale F. Innominato
- Oncology Department, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Research Unit ‘Chronotherapy, Cancers and Transplantation’, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
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47
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Ehichioya DE, Taufique SKT, Magaña I, Farah S, Obata Y, Yamazaki S. Gut microbiota depletion minimally affects the daily voluntary wheel running activity and food anticipatory activity in female and male C57BL/6J mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1299474. [PMID: 38107475 PMCID: PMC10722266 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1299474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the regulation of various aspects of mammalian physiology and behavior, including circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are fundamental behavioral and physiological processes that are governed by circadian pacemakers in the brain. Since mice are nocturnal, voluntary wheel running activity mostly occurs at night. This nocturnal wheel-running activity is driven by the primary circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Food anticipatory activity (FAA) is the increased bout of locomotor activity that precedes the scheduled short duration of a daily meal. FAA is controlled by the food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) located outside of the SCN. Several studies have shown that germ-free mice and mice with gut microbiota depletion altered those circadian behavioral rhythms. Therefore, this study was designed to test if the gut microbiota is involved in voluntary wheel running activity and FAA expression. To deplete gut microbiota, C57BL/6J wildtype mice were administered an antibiotic cocktail via their drinking water throughout the experiment. The effect of antibiotic cocktail treatment on wheel running activity rhythm in both female and male mice was not detectable with the sample size in our current study. Then mice were exposed to timed restricted feeding during the day. Both female and male mice treated with antibiotics exhibited normal FAA which was comparable with the FAA observed in the control group. Those results suggest that gut microbiota depletion has minimum effect on both circadian behavioral rhythms controlled by the SCN and FEO respectively. Our result contradicts recently published studies that reported significantly higher FAA levels in germ-free mice compared to their control counterparts and gut microbiota depletion significantly reduced voluntary activity by 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ehichioya
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Isabel Magaña
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sofia Farah
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yuuki Obata
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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48
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Baud MO, Proix T, Gregg NM, Brinkmann BH, Nurse ES, Cook MJ, Karoly PJ. Seizure forecasting: Bifurcations in the long and winding road. Epilepsia 2023; 64 Suppl 4:S78-S98. [PMID: 35604546 PMCID: PMC9681938 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, the unpredictability of seizures remains a source of suffering for people with epilepsy, motivating decades of research into methods to forecast seizures. Originally, only few scientists and neurologists ventured into this niche endeavor, which, given the difficulty of the task, soon turned into a long and winding road. Over the past decade, however, our narrow field has seen a major acceleration, with trials of chronic electroencephalographic devices and the subsequent discovery of cyclical patterns in the occurrence of seizures. Now, a burgeoning science of seizure timing is emerging, which in turn informs best forecasting strategies for upcoming clinical trials. Although the finish line might be in view, many challenges remain to make seizure forecasting a reality. This review covers the most recent scientific, technical, and medical developments, discusses methodology in detail, and sets a number of goals for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime O Baud
- Sleep-Wake-Epilepsy Center, Center for Experimental Neurology, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Wyss Center for Bio- and Neuro-Engineering, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Timothée Proix
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M Gregg
- Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Benjamin H Brinkmann
- Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ewan S Nurse
- Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark J Cook
- Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippa J Karoly
- Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Transplant studies demonstrate unequivocally that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) produces diffusible signals that can sustain circadian locomotor rhythms. There is a vascular portal pathway between the SCN and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis in mouse brain. Portal pathways enable low concentrations of neurosecretions to reach specialized local targets without dilution in the systemic circulation. To explore the SCN vasculature and the capillary vessels whereby SCN neurosecretions might reach portal vessels, we investigated the blood vessels (BVs) of the core and shell SCN. The arterial supply of the SCN differs among animals, and in some animals, there are differences between the 2 sides. The rostral SCN is supplied by branches from either the superior hypophyseal artery (SHpA) or the anterior cerebral artery or the anterior communicating artery. The caudal SCN is consistently supplied by the SHpA. The rostral SCN is drained by the preoptic vein, while the caudal is drained by the basal vein, with variations in laterality of draining vessels. In addition, several key features of the core and shell SCN regions differ: Median BV diameter is significantly smaller in the shell than the core based on confocal image measurements, and a similar trend occurs in iDISCO-cleared tissue. In the cleared tissue, whole BV length density and surface area density are significantly greater in the shell than the core. Finally, capillary length density is also greater in the shell than the core. The results suggest three hypotheses: First, the distinct arterial and venous systems of the rostral and caudal SCN may contribute to the in vivo variations of metabolic and neural activities observed in SCN networks. Second, the dense capillaries of the SCN shell are well positioned to transport blood-borne signals. Finally, variations in SCN vascular supply and drainage may contribute to inter-animal differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY
| | | | - Alana B. Taub
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
| | - Ruya Tazebay
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
| | - Joseph LeSauter
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY
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50
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Abstract
To assess the consistency of biological rhythms across studies, 57 public mouse liver tissue timeseries totaling 1096 RNA-seq samples were obtained and analyzed. Only the control groups of each study were included, to create comparable data. Technical factors in RNA-seq library preparation were the largest contributors to transcriptome-level differences, beyond biological or experiment-specific factors such as lighting conditions. Core clock genes were remarkably consistent in phase across all studies. Overlap of genes identified as rhythmic across studies was generally low, with no pair of studies having over 60% overlap. Distributions of phases of significant genes were remarkably inconsistent across studies, but the genes that consistently identified as rhythmic had acrophase clustering near ZT0 and ZT12. Despite the discrepancies between single-study analyses, cross-study analyses found substantial consistency. Running compareRhythms on each pair of studies identified a median of only 11% of the identified rhythmic genes as rhythmic in only 1 of the 2 studies. Data were integrated across studies in a joint and individual variance estimate (JIVE) analysis, which showed that the top 2 components of joint within-study variation are determined by time of day. A shape-invariant model with random effects was fit to the genes to identify the underlying shape of the rhythms, consistent across all studies, including identifying 72 genes with consistently multiple peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Brooks
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aditi Manjrekar
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Antonijo Mrcˇela
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory R. Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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