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Hayakawa S, Kataoka K, Yamamoto M, Asahi T, Suzuki T. DeepLabCut-based daily behavioural and posture analysis in a cricket. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060237. [PMID: 38533608 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are indispensable intrinsic programs that regulate the daily rhythmicity of physiological processes, such as feeding and sleep. The cricket has been employed as a model organism for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms in insects. However, previous studies measuring rhythm-controlled behaviours only analysed locomotive activity using seesaw-type and infrared sensor-based actometers. Meanwhile, advances in deep learning techniques have made it possible to analyse animal behaviour and posture using software that is devoid of human bias and does not require physical tagging of individual animals. Here, we present a system that can simultaneously quantify multiple behaviours in individual crickets - such as locomotor activity, feeding, and sleep-like states - in the long-term, using DeepLabCut, a supervised machine learning-based software for body keypoints labelling. Our system successfully labelled the six body parts of a single cricket with a high level of confidence and produced reliable data showing the diurnal rhythms of multiple behaviours. Our system also enabled the estimation of sleep-like states by focusing on posture, instead of immobility time, which is a conventional parameter. We anticipate that this system will provide an opportunity for simultaneous and automatic prediction of cricket behaviour and posture, facilitating the study of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hayakawa
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kataoka
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamamoto
- Division of Sciences for Biological System, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Division of Sciences for Biological System, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Shibata T, Shimoda M, Kobayashi T, Arai H, Owashi Y, Uehara T. High-quality genome of the zoophytophagous stink bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis, informs their food habit adaptation. G3 (Bethesda) 2024; 14:jkad289. [PMID: 38113473 PMCID: PMC10849345 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The zoophytophagous stink bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis, is a promising natural enemy of micro-pests such as whiteflies and thrips. This bug possesses both phytophagous and entomophagous food habits, enabling it to obtain nutrition from both plants and insects. This trait allows us to maintain its population density in agricultural fields by introducing insectary plants, even when the pest prey density is extremely low. However, if the bugs' population becomes too dense, they can sometimes damage crop plants. This dual character seems to arise from the food preferences and chemosensation of this predator. To understand the genomic landscape of N. tenuis, we examined the whole genome sequence of a commercially available Japanese strain. We used long-read sequencing and Hi-C analysis to assemble the genome at the chromosomal level. We then conducted a comparative analysis of the genome with previously reported genomes of phytophagous and hematophagous stink bugs to focus on the genetic factors contributing to this species' herbivorous and carnivorous tendencies. Our findings suggest that the gustatory gene set plays a pivotal role in adapting to food habits, making it a promising target for selective breeding. Furthermore, we identified the whole genomes of microorganisms symbiotic with this species through genomic analysis. We believe that our results shed light on the food habit adaptations of N. tenuis and will accelerate breeding efforts based on new breeding techniques for natural enemy insects, including genomics and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Shibata
- Division of Insect Advanced Technology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masami Shimoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Division of Insect Advanced Technology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arai
- Division of Insect Advanced Technology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yuta Owashi
- Division of Insect Advanced Technology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Takuya Uehara
- Division of Insect Advanced Technology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
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Xedzro C, Shimamoto T, Yu L, Zuo H, Sugawara Y, Sugai M, Shimamoto T. Emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae and Raoultella ornithinolytica carrying the phosphoethanolamine transferase gene, mcr-9, derived from vegetables in Japan. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0106323. [PMID: 37909761 PMCID: PMC10714742 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01063-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Plasmid-mediated mobile colistin-resistance genes have been recognized as a global threat because they jeopardize the efficacy of colistin in therapeutic practice. Here, we described the genetic features of two mcr-9.1-carrying Gram-negative bacteria with a colistin-resistant phenotype derived from vegetables in Japan. The colistin-resistant mcr-9.1, which has never been detected in vegetables, was located on a large plasmid in Enterobacter cloacae CST17-2 and Raoultella ornithinolytica CST129-1, suggesting a high chance of horizontal gene transfer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mcr-9 in R. ornithinolytica. This study indicates that fresh vegetables might be a potential source for the transmission of mcr-9 genes encoding resistance to frontline (colistin) and clinically relevant antimicrobials. The study also provides additional consideration for colistin use and the relevance of routine surveillance in epidemiological perspective to curb the continuous spread of mcr alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Xedzro
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshi Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Liansheng Yu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Japan
| | - Hui Zuo
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Japan
| | - Yo Sugawara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Miyamura S, Oe R, Nakahara T, Koresawa H, Okada S, Taue S, Tokizane Y, Minamikawa T, Yano TA, Otsuka K, Sakane A, Sasaki T, Yasutomo K, Kajisa T, Yasui T. Rapid, high-sensitivity detection of biomolecules using dual-comb biosensing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14541. [PMID: 37752134 PMCID: PMC10522648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive detection of biomolecules is important for biosensing of infectious pathogens as well as biomarkers and pollutants. For example, biosensing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still strongly required for the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we aim to achieve the rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein antigen by enhancing the performance of optical biosensing based on optical frequency combs (OFC). The virus-concentration-dependent optical spectrum shift produced by antigen-antibody interactions is transformed into a photonic radio-frequency (RF) shift by a frequency conversion between the optical and RF regions in the OFC, facilitating rapid and sensitive detection with well-established electrical frequency measurements. Furthermore, active-dummy temperature-drift compensation with a dual-comb configuration enables the very small change in the virus-concentration-dependent signal to be extracted from the large, variable background signal caused by temperature disturbance. The achieved performance of dual-comb biosensing will greatly enhance the applicability of biosensors to viruses, biomarkers, environmental hormones, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Miyamura
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Ryo Oe
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakahara
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koresawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Shota Okada
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Shuji Taue
- School of System Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Yu Tokizane
- Division of Next-Generation Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Takeo Minamikawa
- Division of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Yano
- Division of Next-Generation Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Division of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sakane
- Division of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Division of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Koji Yasutomo
- Division of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Taira Kajisa
- Division of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan.
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yasui
- Division of Next-Generation Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan.
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Kee YJ, Ogawa S, Ichihashi Y, Shirasu K, Yoshida S. Strigolactones in Rhizosphere Communication: Multiple Molecules With Diverse Functions. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:955-966. [PMID: 37279572 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are root-secreted small molecules that influence organisms living in the rhizosphere. While SLs are known as germination stimulants for root parasitic plants and as hyphal branching factors for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, recent studies have also identified them as chemoattractants for parasitic plants, sensors of neighboring plants and key players in shaping the microbiome community. Furthermore, the discovery of structurally diverged SLs, including so-called canonical and non-canonical SLs in various plant species, raises the question of whether the same SLs are responsible for their diverse functions 'in planta' and the rhizosphere or whether different molecules play different roles. Emerging evidence supports the latter, with each SL exhibiting different activities as rhizosphere signals and plant hormones. The evolution of D14/KAI2 receptors has enabled the perception of various SLs or SL-like compounds to control downstream signaling, highlighting the complex interplay between plants and their rhizosphere environment. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the diverse functions of SLs in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jia Kee
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | | | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Satoko Yoshida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
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6
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Ishida S, Nishitsutsumi Y, Kashioka H, Taguchi T, Shineha R. A comparative review on neuroethical issues in neuroscientific and neuroethical journals. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1160611. [PMID: 37781239 PMCID: PMC10536163 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1160611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is a pilot literature review that compares the interest of neuroethicists and neuroscientists. It aims to determine whether there is a significant gap between the neuroethical issues addressed in philosophical neuroethics journals and neuroscience journals. We retrieved 614 articles from two specialist neuroethics journals (Neuroethics and AJOB Neuroscience) and 82 neuroethics-focused articles from three specialist neuroscience journals (Neuron, Nature Neuroscience, and Nature Reviews Neuroscience). We classified these articles in light of the neuroethical issue in question before we compared the neuroethical issues addressed in philosophical neuroethics with those addressed by neuroscientists. A notable result is a parallelism between them as a general tendency. Neuroscientific articles cover most neuroethical issues discussed by philosophical ethicists and vice versa. Subsequently, there are notable discrepancies between the two bodies of neuroethics literature. For instance, theoretical questions, such as the ethics of moral enhancement and the philosophical implications of neuroscientific findings on our conception of personhood, are more intensely discussed in philosophical-neuroethical articles. Conversely, neuroscientific articles tend to emphasize practical questions, such as how to successfully integrate ethical perspectives into scientific research projects and justifiable practices of animal-involving neuroscientific research. These observations will help us settle the common starting point of the attempt at "ethics integration" in emerging neuroscience, contributing to better governance design and neuroethical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ishida
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Nishitsutsumi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Kashioka
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahisa Taguchi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryuma Shineha
- Research Center on Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Yamagishi M, Motomura Y, Kamatani T, Oguchi Y, Suzuki N, Kiniwa T, Kabata H, Irie M, Tsunoda T, Miya F, Goda K, Ohara O, Funatsu T, Fukunaga K, Moro K, Uemura S, Shirasaki Y. Time-dependent cell-state selection identifies transiently expressed genes regulating ILC2 activation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:915. [PMID: 37673922 PMCID: PMC10482971 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision of whether cells are activated or not is controlled through dynamic intracellular molecular networks. However, the low population of cells during the transition state of activation renders the analysis of the transcriptome of this state technically challenging. To address this issue, we have developed the Time-Dependent Cell-State Selection (TDCSS) technique, which employs live-cell imaging of secretion activity to detect an index of the transition state, followed by the simultaneous recovery of indexed cells for subsequent transcriptome analysis. In this study, we used the TDCSS technique to investigate the transition state of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) activation, which is indexed by the onset of interleukin (IL)-13 secretion. The TDCSS approach allowed us to identify time-dependent genes, including transiently induced genes (TIGs). Our findings of IL4 and MIR155HG as TIGs have shown a regulatory function in ILC2s activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Live Cell Diagnosis, Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of AI Technology Development, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Precision Cancer Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oguchi
- PRESTO, JST, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobutake Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kiniwa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kabata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, 430072, China
| | | | - Takashi Funatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Pratiwi TN, Iwai T, Nakaya I, Lenggoro IW. Observation of viscous liquid flow in tobacco substrate during heating using optical coherence tomography. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230150. [PMID: 37621659 PMCID: PMC10445032 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor the dynamics of a highly viscous liquid in a porous tobacco substrate during heating. The OCT technique was integrated with a specially designed heating chamber and an air pump for measuring. Two transitional points in the liquid behaviours at different temperatures were estimated using OCT and statistical analysis of the attenuation coefficient. The first point, 'A', shows the time approximation at which the penetration-dominant zone transitions into the evaporation-dominant zone. The second point, 'B', indicates the time approximation at which rapid evaporation of free liquid transitions into slow evaporation of trapped and bound liquid. This analytical system is an alternative for tracking liquid transport in porous biomass during heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara N. Pratiwi
- Department of Food and Energy Systems Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Iwai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iori Nakaya
- Graduate School of BASE, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I. Wuled Lenggoro
- Graduate School of BASE, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of BASE, TUAT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Fawcett JA, Takeshima R, Kikuchi S, Yazaki E, Katsube-Tanaka T, Dong Y, Li M, Hunt HV, Jones MK, Lister DL, Ohsako T, Ogiso-Tanaka E, Fujii K, Hara T, Matsui K, Mizuno N, Nishimura K, Nakazaki T, Saito H, Takeuchi N, Ueno M, Matsumoto D, Norizuki M, Shirasawa K, Li C, Hirakawa H, Ota T, Yasui Y. Genome sequencing reveals the genetic architecture of heterostyly and domestication history of common buckwheat. Nat Plants 2023; 9:1236-1251. [PMID: 37563460 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, is an orphan crop domesticated in southwest China that exhibits heterostylous self-incompatibility. Here we present chromosome-scale assemblies of a self-compatible F. esculentum accession and a self-compatible wild relative, Fagopyrum homotropicum, together with the resequencing of 104 wild and cultivated F. esculentum accessions. Using these genomic data, we report the roles of transposable elements and whole-genome duplications in the evolution of Fagopyrum. In addition, we show that (1) the breakdown of heterostyly occurs through the disruption of a hemizygous gene jointly regulating the style length and female compatibility and (2) southeast Tibet was involved in common buckwheat domestication. Moreover, we obtained mutants conferring the waxy phenotype for the first time in buckwheat. These findings demonstrate the utility of our F. esculentum assembly as a reference genome and promise to accelerate buckwheat research and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryoma Takeshima
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Yumei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Meifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Harriet V Hunt
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Martin K Jones
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diane L Lister
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takanori Ohsako
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eri Ogiso-Tanaka
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Fujii
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Hara
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kasai, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsui
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroki Saito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Tropical Agriculture Research Front, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ishigaki, Japan
| | - Naoko Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Ueno
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Matsumoto
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Awara, Japan
| | - Miyu Norizuki
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | | | - Chengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
| | | | - Tatsuya Ota
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan.
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Yasui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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10
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Nakajima I, Kawahigashi H, Nishitani C, Azuma A, Haji T, Toki S, Endo M. Targeted deletion of grape retrotransposon associated with fruit skin color via CRISPR/Cas9 in Vitis labrascana 'Shine Muscat'. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286698. [PMID: 37289779 PMCID: PMC10249860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposition of transposable elements affect expression levels, splicing and epigenetic status, and function of genes located in, or near, the inserted/excised locus. For example, in grape, presence of the Gret1 retrotransposon in the promoter region of the VvMYBA1a allele at the VvMYBA1 locus suppress the expression of the VvMYBA1 transcription factor gene for the anthocyanin biosynthesis and this transposon insertion is responsible for the green berry skin color of Vitis labrascana, 'Shine Muscat', a major grape cultivar in Japan. To prove that transposons in grape genome can be removed by genome editing, we focused on Gret1 in the VvMYBA1a allele as a target of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated transposon removal. PCR amplification and sequencing detected Gret1 eliminated cells in 19 of 45 transgenic plants. Although we have not yet confirmed any effects on grape berry skin color, we were successful in demonstrating that cleaving the long terminal repeat (LTR) present at both ends of Gret1 can efficiently eliminate the transposon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Nakajima
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahigashi
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishitani
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akifumi Azuma
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Haji
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiichi Toki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Endo
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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11
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Vázquez-Cortés D, Janssens SD, Sutisna B, Fried E. Early stages of polycrystalline diamond deposition: laser reflectance at substrates with growing nanodiamonds. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:412-424. [PMID: 36756269 PMCID: PMC9846553 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical vapor deposition of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) films is typically done on substrates seeded with diamond nanoparticles. Specular laser reflectance has been used in tandem with a continuous film model to monitor the thickness of these films during their deposition. However, approaches to gain information on properties that strongly affect film morphology, such as the areal density of seeds, remain largely unexplored. This work outlines a strategy for using laser reflectance measurements to refine the monitoring of film thickness during deposition, estimate the mean equivalent radii and the areal density of seeds, and estimate growth incubation periods. We present a general model based on the Rayleigh theory of scattering for laser reflectance at substrates with growing nanoparticles that captures the early stages of PCD deposition. We test our model experimentally by depositing diamond under identical conditions on silicon substrates with various seed densities and by comparing seed densities obtained by scanning electron microscopy to those determined by our strategy. We also explore the different deposition stages for which our model and a continuous film model can be used safely. In addition to providing guidelines for characterizing PCD deposition, this work may also advance the general understanding of nanoparticle growth and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vázquez-Cortés
- Mechanics and Materials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa 904-0495 Japan +81-98-966-1372
| | - Stoffel D Janssens
- Mechanics and Materials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa 904-0495 Japan +81-98-966-1372
| | - Burhannudin Sutisna
- Mechanics and Materials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa 904-0495 Japan +81-98-966-1372
| | - Eliot Fried
- Mechanics and Materials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa 904-0495 Japan +81-98-966-1372
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12
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Takizawa S, Shinkai T, Kobayashi Y, Masuda M, Hashiba K, Uchisawa K, Terada F. Rumen microbial composition associated with the non-glucogenic to glucogenic short-chain fatty acids ratio in Holstein cows. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13829. [PMID: 36992531 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the physiological features and rumen microbial composition associated with the non-glucogenic-to-glucogenic short-chain fatty acids ratio (NGR). Holstein cows were housed in a free-stall barn with an automatic milking system and fed a partially mixed ration. Physiological and microbial analyses were performed on 66 datasets collected from 66 cows (50-250 days in milk). NGR was positively correlated with ruminal pH, relative abundances of protozoa and fungi, methane conversion factor, methane intensity, plasma lipids, parity, and milk fat, and negatively correlated with total short-chain fatty acids. To highlight the differences in bacterial and archaeal compositions between NGRs, low-NGR cows (N = 22) were compared with medium-NGR (N = 22) and high-NGR (N = 22) cows. The low-NGR group was characterized by a lower abundance of Methanobrevibacter and a higher abundance of operational taxonomic units belonging to the lactate-producing, such as Intestinibaculum, Kandleria, and Dialister, and the succinate-producing Prevotella. Our findings indicate that NGR affects the methane conversion factor, methane intensity, and blood and milk compositions. Low NGR is associated with a higher abundance of lactate- and succinate-producing bacteria and lower abundances of protozoa, fungi, and Methanobrevibacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Takizawa
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takumi Shinkai
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kobayashi
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Masuda
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Niikappu Station, Shinhidaka, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashiba
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Niikappu Station, Shinhidaka, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kota Uchisawa
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Niikappu Station, Shinhidaka, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fuminori Terada
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Hopkins CC, Shen AQ, Haward SJ. Effect of blockage ratio on flow of a viscoelastic wormlike micellar solution past a cylinder in a microchannel. Soft Matter 2022; 18:8856-8866. [PMID: 36374283 PMCID: PMC9709659 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present experiments on the flow of a viscoelastic wormlike micellar solution around cylinders (radius R) confined in straight microchannels (width W). Thirteen flow geometries are tested where the blockage ratio is varied over a wide range 0.055 ≤ BR = 2R/W ≤ 0.63. Experiments are performed at negligible Reynolds number, and for Weissenberg numbers Wi = λU/R up to 1000, where U is the average flow speed and λ is the relaxation time of the fluid. Micro-particle image velocimetry is used to characterise the flow state at each BR and Wi. In all of the geometries, a first critical Weissenberg number marks a transition from symmetric flow to an asymmetric but time-steady flow state, while a second higher critical Weissenberg number marks the onset of time-dependent flows. However, we report a clear shift in behaviour over a narrow intermediate range of 0.33 ≲ BR ≲ 0.41. Channels with BR ≤ 0.33 fall in a 'low' BR regime, with instabilities that originate from the downstream stagnation point, while those with BR ≥ 0.44 fall in a 'high' BR regime, with instabilities developing at the upstream stagnation point. Behaviour within the newly-identified intermediate BR regime is complex due to the competing influence of the two stagnation points. We summarise all our results in a flow state diagram covering Wi-BR parameter space, clearly defining the different regimes of blockage ratio for the first time. Our results contribute to the understanding of the complexities of viscoelastic flow in this benchmark geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C Hopkins
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate Univerisity, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate Univerisity, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Simon J Haward
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate Univerisity, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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14
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Arakawa K, Kono N, Malay AD, Tateishi A, Ifuku N, Masunaga H, Sato R, Tsuchiya K, Ohtoshi R, Pedrazzoli D, Shinohara A, Ito Y, Nakamura H, Tanikawa A, Suzuki Y, Ichikawa T, Fujita S, Fujiwara M, Tomita M, Blamires SJ, Chuah JA, Craig H, Foong CP, Greco G, Guan J, Holland C, Kaplan DL, Sudesh K, Mandal BB, Norma-Rashid Y, Oktaviani NA, Preda RC, Pugno NM, Rajkhowa R, Wang X, Yazawa K, Zheng Z, Numata K. 1000 spider silkomes: Linking sequences to silk physical properties. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo6043. [PMID: 36223455 PMCID: PMC9555773 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spider silks are among the toughest known materials and thus provide models for renewable, biodegradable, and sustainable biopolymers. However, the entirety of their diversity still remains elusive, and silks that exceed the performance limits of industrial fibers are constantly being found. We obtained transcriptome assemblies from 1098 species of spiders to comprehensively catalog silk gene sequences and measured the mechanical, thermal, structural, and hydration properties of the dragline silks of 446 species. The combination of these silk protein genotype-phenotype data revealed essential contributions of multicomponent structures with major ampullate spidroin 1 to 3 paralogs in high-performance dragline silks and numerous amino acid motifs contributing to each of the measured properties. We hope that our global sampling, comprehensive testing, integrated analysis, and open data will provide a solid starting point for future biomaterial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8520, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kono
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8520, Japan
| | - Ali D. Malay
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tateishi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nao Ifuku
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Spiber Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ohtoshi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Spiber Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Ito
- Spiber Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Spiber Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akio Tanikawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ichikawa
- Kokugakuin Kugayama High School, Suginami, Tokyo 168-0082, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8520, Japan
| | - Sean J. Blamires
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jo-Ann Chuah
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hamish Craig
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Choon P. Foong
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Gabriele Greco
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Juan Guan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chris Holland
- Natural Materials Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Kumar Sudesh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781 039 Assam, India
- Center for Nanotechnology, IITG, Guwahati, 781 039 Assam, India
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, IITG, Guwahati, 781 039 Assam, India
| | - Y. Norma-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur A. Oktaviani
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Rucsanda C. Preda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Nicola M. Pugno
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kenjiro Yazawa
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhaozhu Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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15
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Takamori S, Cicuta P, Takeuchi S, Di Michele L. DNA-assisted selective electrofusion (DASE) of Escherichia coli and giant lipid vesicles. Nanoscale 2022; 14:14255-14267. [PMID: 36129323 PMCID: PMC9536516 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology and cellular engineering require chemical and physical alterations, which are typically achieved by fusing target cells with each other or with payload-carrying vectors. On one hand, electrofusion can efficiently induce the merging of biological cells and/or synthetic analogues via the application of intense DC pulses, but it lacks selectivity and often leads to uncontrolled fusion. On the other hand, synthetic DNA-based constructs, inspired by natural fusogenic proteins, have been shown to induce a selective fusion between membranes, albeit with low efficiency. Here we introduce DNA-assisted selective electrofusion (DASE) which relies on membrane-anchored DNA constructs to bring together the objects one seeks to merge, and applying an electric impulse to trigger their fusion. The DASE process combines the efficiency of standard electrofusion and the selectivity of fusogenic nanostructures, as we demonstrate by inducing and characterizing the fusion of spheroplasts derived from Escherichia coli bacteria with cargo-carrying giant lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takamori
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
- Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
- Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Di Michele
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
- fabriCELL, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
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16
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Yokoyama D, Suzuki S, Asakura T, Kikuchi J. Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses in Different Closed-Circulation Aquarium Systems and Their Network Visualization. ACS Omega 2022; 7:30399-30404. [PMID: 36061672 PMCID: PMC9434780 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the causes of microbiome formation and its relationship to environmental conditions is important to properly maintain recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). Although RAS has been applied to numerous fish types and environmental conditions (e.g., loading intensity), the effects of these environmental conditions (i.e., fish type and loading intensity) on microbiome composition are limitedly known. Therefore, we established three experimental aquarium tanks to explore the effects of fish type, loading intensity, filter pore size, and rearing day on microbiome compositions: (1) a tank for Acanthogobius flavimanus, (2) for Girella punctata, and (3) for G. punctata with higher loading intensity. Multivariate analysis showed that the microbial community composition differed among the tanks, indicating that the fish type and loading intensity significantly affected microbiome formation in rearing water. Some microbes, such as Sediminicola and Glaciecola, were detected at a higher loading intensity, indicating that these microbes might be an indicator of eutrophic conditions in the aquacultural systems. In addition, a partial correlation network revealed a connection between microbes and metabolites in the aquarium tanks. Such a microbe-metabolite network might be a clue to control the microbiome by adjusting the molecule abundance in the aquacultural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Yokoyama
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sosei Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taiga Asakura
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya
University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan
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17
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Kato H, Goto R, Tsuji T, Kondo K. The effects of patient cost-sharing on health expenditure and health among older people: Heterogeneity across income groups. Eur J Health Econ 2022; 23:847-861. [PMID: 34779932 PMCID: PMC9170661 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite rapidly rising health expenditure associated with population aging, empirical evidence on the effects of cost-sharing on older people is still limited. This study estimated the effects of cost-sharing on the utilization of healthcare and health among older people, the most intensive users of healthcare. We employed a regression discontinuity design by exploiting a drastic reduction in the coinsurance rate from 30 to 10% at age 70 in Japan. We used large administrative claims data as well as income information at the individual level provided by a municipality. Using the claims data with 1,420,252 person-month observations for health expenditure, we found that reduced cost-sharing modestly increased outpatient expenditure, with an implied price elasticity of - 0.07. When examining the effects of reduced cost-sharing by income, we found that the price elasticities for outpatient expenditure were almost zero, - 0.08, and - 0.11 for lower-, middle-, and higher-income individuals, respectively, suggesting that lower-income individuals do not have more elastic demand for outpatient care compared with other income groups. Using large-scale mail survey data with 3404 observations for self-reported health, we found that the cost-sharing reduction significantly improved self-reported health only among lower-income individuals, but drawing clear conclusions about health outcomes is difficult because of a lack of strong graphical evidence to support health improvement. Our results suggest that varying cost-sharing by income for older people (i.e., smaller cost-sharing for lower-income individuals and larger cost-sharing for higher-income individuals) may reduce health expenditure without compromising health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521 Japan
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Rei Goto
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521 Japan
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0012 Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi, 474-8511 Japan
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18
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Oleszek S, Shiota K, Chen M, Takaoka M. Effective Separation and Recovery of Manganese and Potassium from Biomass Ash by Solvent Extraction. ACS Omega 2022; 7:20155-20164. [PMID: 35721962 PMCID: PMC9201890 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is considered an important, energy-critical metal due to its leading role in the production of electrochemical energy storage devices. One valuable source of Mn is hyperaccumulator plants used for the phytoremediation of contaminated soil. In this study, stems and leaves of ginger (Zingiber officinale), which accumulate Mn at moderate levels (∼0.2 wt %) and potassium (K) at high levels (>5 wt %), were analyzed to assess the potential of recovering metals from this plant. The extraction behaviors of Mn and K were studied using raw and ash samples (100-600 °C). It was crucial to set an appropriate incineration temperature (300 °C) to selectively extract K (∼96%) and Mn (∼90%) using water and nitric acid over two consecutive steps. Additionally, citric acid, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solvent, was just as effective (∼85%) as nitric acid in extracting Mn. X-ray absorbance near-edge spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of the ash before and after extractions were applied to elucidate the extraction mechanism. The results revealed that selective extraction of both compounds was possible due to the change in the oxidative state of Mn(II) (soluble in water) into Mn(III) and Mn(IV) (insoluble in water) during sample incineration. Simultaneously, there were complex reactions associated with the changes within potassium carbonate compounds; however, these did not affect the K extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Oleszek
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura C-1-3, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
- Institute
of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Sklodowska-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kenji Shiota
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura C-1-3, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minhsuan Chen
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura C-1-3, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura C-1-3, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Yokoyama D, Suzuki S, Asakura T, Kikuchi J. Chemometric Analysis of NMR Spectra and Machine Learning to Investigate Membrane Fouling. ACS Omega 2022; 7:12654-12660. [PMID: 35474825 PMCID: PMC9025983 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Efficient membrane filtration requires the understanding of the membrane foulants and the functional properties of different membrane types in water purification. In this study, dead-end filtration of aquaculture system effluents was performed and the membrane foulants were investigated via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Several machine learning models (Random Forest; RF, Extreme Gradient Boosting; XGBoost, Support Vector Machine; SVM, and Neural Network; NN) were constructed, one to predict the maximum transmembrane pressure, for revealing the chemical compounds causing fouling, and the other to classify the membrane materials based on chemometric analysis of NMR spectra, for determining their effect on the properties of the different membrane types tested. Especially, RF models exhibited high accuracy; the important chemical shifts observed in both the regression and classification models suggested that the proportional patterns of sugars and proteins are key factors in the fouling progress and the classification of membrane types. Therefore, the proposed strategy of chemometric analysis of NMR spectra is suitable for membrane research, which aims at investigating comprehensively the fouling phenomenon and how the foulants and environmental conditions vary according to the filtration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Yokoyama
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sosei Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taiga Asakura
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya
University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan
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20
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Sukegawa S, Toki S, Saika H. Genome Editing Technology and Its Application to Metabolic Engineering in Rice. Rice (N Y) 2022; 15:21. [PMID: 35366102 PMCID: PMC8976860 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technology can be used for gene engineering in many organisms. A target metabolite can be fortified by the knockout and modification of target genes encoding enzymes involved in catabolic and biosynthesis pathways, respectively, via genome editing technology. Genome editing is also applied to genes encoding proteins other than enzymes, such as chaperones and transporters. There are many reports of such metabolic engineering using genome editing technology in rice. Genome editing is used not only for site-directed mutagenesis such as the substitution of a single base in a target gene but also for random mutagenesis at a targeted region. The latter enables the creation of novel genetic alleles in a target gene. Recently, genome editing technology has been applied to random mutagenesis in a targeted gene and its promoter region in rice, enabling the screening of plants with a desirable trait from these mutants. Moreover, the expression level of a target gene can be artificially regulated by a combination of genome editing tools such as catalytically inactivated Cas protein with transcription activator or repressor. This approach could be useful for metabolic engineering, although expression cassettes for inactivated Cas fused to a transcriptional activator or repressor should be stably transformed into the rice genome. Thus, the rapid development of genome editing technology has been expanding the scope of molecular breeding including metabolic engineering. In this paper, we review the current status of genome editing technology and its application to metabolic engineering in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Sukegawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Seiichi Toki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saika
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
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21
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Kato R, Uesugi M, Komatsu Y, Okamoto F, Tanaka T, Kitawaki F, Yano TA. Highly Stable Polymer Coating on Silver Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Enhancement of Fluorescence. ACS Omega 2022; 7:4286-4292. [PMID: 35155921 PMCID: PMC8829869 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface coating of plasmonic nanoparticles is of huge importance to suppress fluorescence quenching in plasmon-enhanced fluorescence sensing. Herein, a one-pot method for synthesizing polymer-coated silver nanoparticles was developed using a functional polymer conjugated with disulfide-containing anchoring groups. The disulfides played a crucial role in covalently bonding polymers to the surface of the silver nanoparticles. The covalent bond enabled the polymer layer to form a long-term stable coating on the silver nanoparticles. The polymer layer coated was adequately thin to efficiently achieve plasmonic enhancement of fluorescence and also thick enough to effectively suppress quenching of fluorescence, achieving a huge net enhancement of fluorescence. The polymer-coated plasmonic nanoparticles are a promising platform for demonstrating highly sensitive biosensing for medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kato
- Institute
of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | | | - Yoshie Komatsu
- PHC
Corporation, 2131-1 Minamigata, Toon, Ehime 791-0395, Japan
| | | | - Takuo Tanaka
- Institute
of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | | | - Taka-aki Yano
- Institute
of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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22
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Kataoka K, Togawa Y, Sanno R, Asahi T, Yura K. Dissecting cricket genomes for the advancement of entomology and entomophagy. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:75-97. [PMID: 35340598 PMCID: PMC8921346 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in biophysical methods such as next-generation sequencing technologies have now opened the way to conduct evolutionary and applied research based on the genomic information of greatly diverse insects. Crickets belonging to Orthoptera (Insecta: Polyneoptera), one of the most flourishing groups of insects, have contributed to the development of multiple scientific fields including developmental biology and neuroscience and have been attractive targets in evolutionary ecology for their diverse ecological niches. In addition, crickets have recently gained recognition as food and feed. However, the genomic information underlying their biological basis and application research toward breeding is currently underrepresented. In this review, we summarize the progress of genomics of crickets. First, we outline the phylogenetic position of crickets in insects and then introduce recent studies on cricket genomics and transcriptomics in a variety of fields. Furthermore, we present findings from our analysis of polyneopteran genomes, with a particular focus on their large genome sizes, chromosome number, and repetitive sequences. Finally, how the cricket genome can be beneficial to the food industry is discussed. This review is expected to enhance greater recognition of how important the cricket genomes are to the multiple biological fields and how basic research based on cricket genome information can contribute to tackling global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kataoka
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Togawa
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuto Sanno
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yura
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Sathish S, Shen AQ. Toward the Development of Rapid, Specific, and Sensitive Microfluidic Sensors: A Comprehensive Device Blueprint. JACS Au 2021; 1:1815-1833. [PMID: 34841402 PMCID: PMC8611667 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nano/microfluidics have led to the miniaturization of surface-based chemical and biochemical sensors, with applications ranging from environmental monitoring to disease diagnostics. These systems rely on the detection of analytes flowing in a liquid sample, by exploiting their innate nature to react with specific receptors immobilized on the microchannel walls. The efficiency of these systems is defined by the cumulative effect of analyte detection speed, sensitivity, and specificity. In this perspective, we provide a fresh outlook on the use of important parameters obtained from well-characterized analytical models, by connecting the mass transport and reaction limits with the experimentally attainable limits of analyte detection efficiency. Specifically, we breakdown when and how the operational (e.g., flow rates, channel geometries, mode of detection, etc.) and molecular (e.g., receptor affinity and functionality) variables can be tailored to enhance the analyte detection time, analytical specificity, and sensitivity of the system (i.e., limit of detection). Finally, we present a simple yet cohesive blueprint for the development of high-efficiency surface-based microfluidic sensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of chemical and biochemical analytes, pertinent to a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sathish
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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24
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Mekawy M, Terada E, Inoue S, Sakamoto Y, Kawakita J. Quantitative Correlation of Droplets on Galvanic-Coupled Arrays with Response Current by Image Processing. ACS Omega 2021; 6:30818-30825. [PMID: 34805710 PMCID: PMC8600636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the presence of a slight amount of water plays a crucial role in practical applications such as the advanced detection of dew condensation and the microdetermination of perspiration and transpiration. For this purpose, we have developed a configuration for the moisture sensor that consists of a microgalvanic cell composed of narrow metal arrays. It is inferred that the output response current arising from this sensor should depend on the geometric parameters (e.g., number, area, volume, etc.) of water droplets attaching on the sensor surface. In this study, the output current was recorded, while the microscopic images of the sensor surface were captured. The droplets on the sensor surface were analyzed manually and by computational image processing with deep learning and ImageJ. The deep learning technique shortened the processing time to 1/1000 of the manual one and was able to match 90-100% of the manual count. The results revealed that the response current increased with the total projected area of droplets bridging the galvanic-coupled arrays on the sensor surface. In addition, a straight line with relatively strong positive correlation was obtained between the response current and the total volume of the bridging droplets. These findings suggested that our sensor can be practically used to estimate the presence of a slight amount of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Mekawy
- National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Eiji Terada
- National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Chiba
Institute of Technology, 2-17-1, Tsudanuma, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Shinji Inoue
- National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sakamoto
- Chiba
Institute of Technology, 2-17-1, Tsudanuma, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Jin Kawakita
- National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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25
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Haward SJ, Hopkins CC, Varchanis S, Shen AQ. Bifurcations in flows of complex fluids around microfluidic cylinders. Lab Chip 2021; 21:4041-4059. [PMID: 34647558 PMCID: PMC8549630 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flow around a cylinder is a classical problem in fluid dynamics and also one of the benchmarks for testing viscoelastic flows. The problem is of wide relevance to understanding many microscale industrial and biological processes and applications, such as porous media and mucociliary flows. In recent years, we have developed model microfluidic geometries consisting of very slender cylinders fabricated in glass by selective laser-induced etching. The cylinder radius is small compared with the channel width, which allows the effects of the stagnation points in the flow to dominate over the effects of squeezing between the cylinder and the channel walls. Furthermore, the cylinders are contained in high aspect ratio microchannels that render the flow field approximately two-dimensional (2D) and therefore conveniently permit comparison between experiments and 2D numerical simulations. A number of different viscoelastic fluids including wormlike micellar and various polymer solutions have been tested in our devices. Of particular interest to us has been the occurrence of a striking, steady-in-time, flow asymmetry that occurs for certain non-Newtonian fluids when the dimensionless Weissenberg number (quantifying the importance of elastic over viscous forces in the flow) increases above a critical value. In this perspective review, we present a summary of our key findings related to this novel flow instability and present our current understanding of the mechanism for its onset and growth. We believe that the same fundamental mechanism may also underlie some important non-Newtonian phenomena observed in viscoelastic flows around particles, drops, and bubbles, or through geometries composed of multiple bifurcation points such as cylinder arrays and other porous media. Knowledge of the instability we discuss will be important to consider in the design of optimally functional lab-on-a-chip devices in which viscoelastic fluids are to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Haward
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Cameron C Hopkins
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Stylianos Varchanis
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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26
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Shiba K, Imamura G, Yoshikawa G. Odor-Based Nanomechanical Discrimination of Fuel Oils Using a Single Type of Designed Nanoparticles with Nonlinear Viscoelasticity. ACS Omega 2021; 6:23389-23398. [PMID: 34549138 PMCID: PMC8444291 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Odors are one of the most diverse and complicated gaseous mixtures so that their discrimination is challenging yet attractive because of the rich information about their origin. The more similar the properties of odors are, the more difficult the discrimination becomes. The practical applications, however, often demand such discrimination, especially with a compact sensing platform. In this paper, we show that a nanomaterial designed for a specific type of odors can clearly discriminate them even with a single nanomechanical sensing channel. Fuel oils and their mixture are used as a model target that has similar chemical properties but different compositions mainly consisting of paraffinic, olefinic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons. We demonstrate using octadecyl functionalized silica-titania nanoparticles that the difference in the compositions is successfully picked up based on their high affinity for the aliphatic hydrocarbons and alkyl chain length dependent nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. Such a properly designed material is proved to derive sufficient information from a series of analytes to discriminate them even with a single sensing element. This approach provides a guideline to prepare various sensors whose response properties are distinct and optimized depending on applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Shiba
- Center
for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gaku Imamura
- Center
for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- Center
for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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27
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Kikuchi J, Yamada S. The exposome paradigm to predict environmental health in terms of systemic homeostasis and resource balance based on NMR data science. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30426-30447. [PMID: 35480260 PMCID: PMC9041152 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment, from microbial ecosystems to recycled resources, fluctuates dynamically due to many physical, chemical and biological factors, the profile of which reflects changes in overall state, such as environmental illness caused by a collapse of homeostasis. To evaluate and predict environmental health in terms of systemic homeostasis and resource balance, a comprehensive understanding of these factors requires an approach based on the "exposome paradigm", namely the totality of exposure to all substances. Furthermore, in considering sustainable development to meet global population growth, it is important to gain an understanding of both the circulation of biological resources and waste recycling in human society. From this perspective, natural environment, agriculture, aquaculture, wastewater treatment in industry, biomass degradation and biodegradable materials design are at the forefront of current research. In this respect, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers tremendous advantages in the analysis of samples of molecular complexity, such as crude bio-extracts, intact cells and tissues, fibres, foods, feeds, fertilizers and environmental samples. Here we outline examples to promote an understanding of recent applications of solution-state, solid-state, time-domain NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the complex evaluation of organisms, materials and the environment. We also describe useful databases and informatics tools, as well as machine learning techniques for NMR analysis, demonstrating that NMR data science can be used to evaluate the exposome in both the natural environment and human society towards a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
| | - Shunji Yamada
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
- Prediction Science Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
- Data Assimilation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
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28
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Kono N, Nakamura H, Tateishi A, Numata K, Arakawa K. The balance of crystalline and amorphous regions in the fibroin structure underpins the tensile strength of bagworm silk. Zoological Lett 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 34311769 PMCID: PMC8314566 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-021-00179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based materials are considered versatile biomaterials, and their biodegradability is an advantage for sustainable development. Bagworm produces strong silk for use in unique situations throughout its life stages. Rigorous molecular analyses of Eumeta variegata suggested that the particular mechanical properties of its silk are due to the coexistence of poly-A and GA motifs. However, little molecular information on closely related species is available, and it is not understood how these properties were acquired evolutionarily or whether the motif combination is a conserved trait in other bagworms. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of two other bagworm species (Canephora pungelerii and Bambalina sp.) belonging to the family Psychidae to elucidate the relationship between the fibroin gene and silk properties. The obtained transcriptome assemblies and tensile tests indicated that the motif combination and silk properties were conserved among the bagworms. Furthermore, our analysis showed that C. pungelerii produces extraordinarily strong silk (breaking strength of 1.4 GPa) and indicated that the cause may be the C. pungelerii -specific balance of crystalline/amorphous regions in the H-fibroin repetitive domain. This particular H-fibroin architecture may have been evolutionarily acquired to produce strong thread to maintain bag stability during the relatively long development period of Canephora species relative to other bagworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kono
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 403-1 Nihonkoku, Daihouji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata Japan
| | | | - Ayaka Tateishi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 403-1 Nihonkoku, Daihouji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata Japan
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29
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Mayumi K, Liu C, Yasuda Y, Ito K. Softness, Elasticity, and Toughness of Polymer Networks with Slide-Ring Cross-Links. Gels 2021; 7:91. [PMID: 34287305 PMCID: PMC8293080 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Slide-ring (SR) gels cross-linked by ring molecules are characterized by softness (low Young's modulus), elasticity (low hysteresis loss), and toughness (large fracture energy). In this article, the mechanical and fracture properties of SR gels are reviewed to clarify the physical understanding of the relationship between the molecular-level sliding dynamics of the slide-ring cross-links and macroscopic properties of SR gels. The low Young's modulus and large fracture energy of SR gels are expressed by simple equations as a function of the degree of sliding movement. The dynamic fracture behaviors of SR gels gives us the time scale of the sliding dynamics of the cross-links, which is at the micro-sec scale. The fast sliding motion of the cross-links leads to the elasticity of the SR gels. The SR concept can be applied to solvent-free elastomers and composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Mayumi
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan;
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC), Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan;
| | - Chang Liu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Yasuda
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC), Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan;
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC), Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan;
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Fujiwara M, Kono N, Hirayama A, Malay AD, Nakamura H, Ohtoshi R, Numata K, Tomita M, Arakawa K. Xanthurenic Acid Is the Main Pigment of Trichonephila clavata Gold Dragline Silk. Biomolecules 2021; 11:563. [PMID: 33921320 PMCID: PMC8070366 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider silk is a natural fiber with remarkable strength, toughness, and elasticity that is attracting attention as a biomaterial of the future. Golden orb-weaving spiders (Trichonephila clavata) construct large, strong webs using golden threads. To characterize the pigment of golden T. clavata dragline silk, we used liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis. We found that the major pigment in the golden dragline silk of T. clavata was xanthurenic acid. To investigate the possible function of the pigment, we tested the effect of xanthurenic acid on bacterial growth using gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. We found that xanthurenic acid had a slight antibacterial effect. Furthermore, to investigate the UV tolerance of the T. clavata threads bleached of their golden color, we conducted tensile deformation tests and scanning electron microscope observations. However, in these experiments, no significant effect was observed. We therefore speculate that golden orb-weaving spiders use the pigment for other purposes, such as to attract their prey in the sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fujiwara
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku 403-1, Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0013, Japan; (M.F.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Endo 5322, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kono
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku 403-1, Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0013, Japan; (M.F.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Endo 5322, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku 403-1, Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0013, Japan; (M.F.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Endo 5322, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Ali D. Malay
- Biomacromolecules Research Team: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (A.D.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Spiber Inc.: Mizukami 234-1, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (H.N.); (R.O.)
| | - Rintaro Ohtoshi
- Spiber Inc.: Mizukami 234-1, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (H.N.); (R.O.)
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (A.D.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku 403-1, Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0013, Japan; (M.F.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Endo 5322, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Endo 5322, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku 403-1, Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0013, Japan; (M.F.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Endo 5322, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Endo 5322, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
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Mizuno T, Hase E, Minamikawa T, Tokizane Y, Oe R, Koresawa H, Yamamoto H, Yasui T. Full-field fluorescence lifetime dual-comb microscopy using spectral mapping and frequency multiplexing of dual-comb optical beats. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabd2102. [PMID: 33523842 PMCID: PMC7775765 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful tool for quantitative fluorescence imaging because fluorescence lifetime is independent of concentration of fluorescent molecules or excitation/detection efficiency and is robust to photobleaching. However, since most FLIMs are based on point-to-point measurements, mechanical scanning of a focal spot is needed for forming an image, which hampers rapid imaging. Here, we demonstrate scan-less full-field FLIM based on a one-to-one correspondence between two-dimensional (2D) image pixels and frequency-multiplexed radio frequency (RF) signals. A vast number of dual-comb optical beats between dual optical frequency combs are effectively adopted for 2D spectral mapping and high-density frequency multiplexing in the RF region. Bimodal images of fluorescence amplitude and lifetime are obtained with high quantitativeness from amplitude and phase spectra of fluorescence RF comb modes without the need for mechanical scanning. The parallelized FLIM will be useful for rapid quantitative fluorescence imaging in life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mizuno
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- JST-ERATO MINOSHIMA Intelligent Optical Synthesizer Project, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - E Hase
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- JST-ERATO MINOSHIMA Intelligent Optical Synthesizer Project, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - T Minamikawa
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- JST-ERATO MINOSHIMA Intelligent Optical Synthesizer Project, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Y Tokizane
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - R Oe
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - H Koresawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- JST-ERATO MINOSHIMA Intelligent Optical Synthesizer Project, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- Center for Optical Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - T Yasui
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics (pLED), Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- JST-ERATO MINOSHIMA Intelligent Optical Synthesizer Project, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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Watanabe D, Saito Y, Tsuda M, Ohsawa R. Increased awareness and decreased acceptance of genome-editing technology: The impact of the Chinese twin babies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238128. [PMID: 32946484 PMCID: PMC7500613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-editing technology has become increasingly known in recent years, and the 2018 news of genome-edited twins in China had a particularly significant impact on public awareness. In the present study we investigate the effect of Japanese media coverage on public opinions of this technology. To identify the effects we employ a questionnaire survey method on a pre-registered sample from online research company Macromill. Our repeated survey from 2016 through 2019 reveal a generally supportive attitude toward the medical application of genome-editing methods. To see this we employed a multinomial logit analysis examining the determinants of negative and positive impressions of the technology. Results show that although editing for medical purposes remained mostly acceptable, its use in fertilizing human eggs was increasingly rejected, especially in 2019, the most recent sample year. The suggestion is that while genome-editing applications in general medical fields are publicly accepted, its use in human functionality enhancement is heavily increasingly resisted. News of the twin babies in China did raise public awareness of the methods but also damaged their reputation. It therefore is important for genome researchers to hold such concerns in mind, keeping the public informed of changing technology fundamentals. As a related question we inquire into the public acceptability of genome editing for animal and plant breeding, such as in agriculture and fisheries, as well. We find the Japanese public views the medical and breeding applications of this technology to be unconnected with each other, despite that awareness of both has risen significantly in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Watanabe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoko Saito
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mai Tsuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohsawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tanaka M, Saito S, Kita R, Jang J, Choi Y, Choi J, Okochi M. Array-Based Screening of Silver Nanoparticle Mineralization Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2377. [PMID: 32235567 PMCID: PMC7178033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomolecules in nanomaterial synthesis has received increasing attention, because they can function as a medium to produce inorganic materials in ambient conditions. Short peptides are putative ligands that interact with metallic surfaces, as they have the potential to control the synthesis of nanoscale materials. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) mineralization using peptides has been investigated; however, further comprehensive analysis must be carried out, because the design of peptide mediated-AgNP properties is still highly challenging. Herein, we employed an array comprising 200 spot synthesis-based peptides, which were previously isolated as gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-binding and/or mineralization peptides, and the AgNP mineralization activity of each peptide was broadly evaluated. Among 10 peptides showing the highest AgNP-synthesis activity (TOP10), nine showed the presence of EE and E[X]E (E: glutamic acid, and X: any amino acid), whereas none of these motifs were found in the WORST25 (25 peptides showing the lowest AgNP synthesis activity) peptides. The size and morphology of the particles synthesized by TOP3 peptides were dependent on their sequences. These results suggested not only that array-based techniques are effective for the peptide screening of AgNP mineralization, but also that AgNP mineralization regulated by peptides has the potential for the synthesis of AgNPs, with controlled morphology in environmentally friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Shogo Saito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Reo Kita
- School of Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;
| | - Jaehee Jang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.J.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.J.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.J.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.)
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Itoh T, Onuki R, Tsuda M, Oshima M, Endo M, Sakai H, Tanaka T, Ohsawa R, Tabei Y. Foreign DNA detection by high-throughput sequencing to regulate genome-edited agricultural products. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4914. [PMID: 32188926 PMCID: PMC7080720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the advent of several new breeding techniques (NBTs) is revolutionizing agricultural production processes, technical information necessary for their regulation is yet to be provided. Here, we show that high-throughput DNA sequencing is effective for the detection of unintended remaining foreign DNA segments in genome-edited rice. A simple k-mer detection method is presented and validated through a series of computer simulations and real data analyses. The data show that a short foreign DNA segment of 20 nucleotides can be detected and the probability that the segment is overlooked is 10-3 or less if the average sequencing depth is 30 or more, while the number of false hits is less than 1 on average. This method was applied to real sequencing data, and the presence and absence of an external DNA segment were successfully proven. Additionally, our in-depth analyses also identified some weaknesses in current DNA sequencing technologies. Hence, for a rigorous safety assessment, the combination of k-mer detection and another method, such as Southern blot assay, is recommended. The results presented in this study will lay the foundation for the regulation of NBT products, where foreign DNA is utilized during their generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Itoh
- Bioinformatics Team, Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Ritsuko Onuki
- Bioinformatics Team, Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center Japan, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mai Tsuda
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Masao Oshima
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Masaki Endo
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Bioinformatics Team, Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Bioinformatics Team, Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohsawa
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
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Suwatthanarak T, Tanaka M, Minamide T, Harvie AJ, Tamang A, Critchley K, Evans SD, Okochi M. Screening and characterisation of CdTe/CdS quantum dot-binding peptides for material surface functionalisation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8218-8223. [PMID: 35497846 PMCID: PMC9049935 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are promising nanomaterials due to their unique photophysical properties. For them to be useful in biological applications, the particle surface generally needs to be conjugated to biological molecules, such as antibodies. In this study, we screened CdTe/CdS QD-binding peptides from a phage display library as linkers for simple and bio-friendly QD modification. Among five QD-binding peptide candidates, a series of truncated peptides designed from two high-affinity peptides were subjected to an array-based binding assay with QDs to assess their functional core sequences and characteristics. Linking these isolated, shortened peptides (PWSLNR and SGVYK) with an antibody-binding peptide (NKFRGKYK) created dual-functional peptides that are capable of QD surface functionalisation by antibodies. Consequently, the dual-functional peptides could mediate anti-CD9 antibody functionalisation onto CdTe/CdS QD surface; CD9 protein imaging of cancer cells was also demonstrated. Our proposed peptides offer an effective vehicle for QD surface functionalisation in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Suwatthanarak
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Taisuke Minamide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Andrew J Harvie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim 7491 Norway
| | - Abiral Tamang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Kevin Critchley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Stephen D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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Kato S, Hirai M, Ohkuma M, Suzuki K. Microbial metabolisms in an abyssal ferromanganese crust from the Takuyo-Daigo Seamount as revealed by metagenomics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224888. [PMID: 31703093 PMCID: PMC6839870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rocky outcrops covered with thick Fe and Mn oxide coatings, which are known as ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts, are commonly found on slopes of aged seamounts in bathyal and abyssal zones. Although the presence of diverse microorganisms on these Fe-Mn crusts has been reported, little is known about their metabolism. Here, we report the metabolic potential of the microbial community in an abyssal crust collected in the Takuyo-Daigo Seamount, in the north-western Pacific. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the Fe-Mn crust, and detected putative genes involved in dissolution and precipitation of Fe and Mn, nitrification, sulfur oxidation, carbon fixation, and decomposition of organics in the metagenome. In addition, four metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of abundant members in the microbial community were recovered from the metagenome. The MAGs were affiliated with Thaumarchaeota, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, and were distantly related to previously reported genomes/MAGs of cultured and uncultured species. Putative genes involved in the above reactions were also found in the crust MAGs. Our results suggest that crust microbial communities play a role in biogeochemical cycling of C, N, S, Fe, and Mn, and imply that they contribute to the growth of Fe-Mn crusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kato
- Submarine Resources Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM), RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miho Hirai
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM), RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Submarine Resources Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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Yokouchi N, Hashimoto H. Association Between Deviation of Fairness Perceptions from Group Average and Serious Psychological Distress in Japanese Worksites: a Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Behav Med 2019; 26:306-315. [PMID: 30877552 PMCID: PMC6529606 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Workers with deviating fairness perceptions are likely to be excluded and become isolated at worksites, leading to psychological distress. The study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between deviation of fairness perception from the group average and serious psychological distress in Japanese worksites. Methods Secondary data analysis of an existing Japanese occupational cohort data using a multilevel logistic regression model was conducted for 8701 workers from 12 companies in Japan who participated in the baseline survey (from April 2010 to March 2012). Individual perception of interactional and procedural fairness was measured with the Japanese version of the Organizational Justice Scale. Group averages were calculated within workers’ reference groups, categorized by company affiliation, age group, gender, and occupational class. Psychological distress was measured using the K6 scale, and serious psychological distress was defined as a total K6 score of 13 or more. Results Both low deviation and high deviation of interactional fairness perception were significantly and positively associated with serious psychological distress (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence intervals (CI); 1.03–1.49 and OR = 1.57, 95% CI; 1.12–2.19), independently of individual-level fairness perception, group-level mean fairness perception, demographic characteristics, and health-related behaviors. Only high deviation of procedural fairness perception was significantly and positively related to serious psychological distress (OR = 1.51, 95% CI; 1.11–2.06). Conclusions The results indicated that divergent perceptions of fairness at worksites may deserve further exploration for equal achievement of workers’ psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutada Yokouchi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Kono N, Nakamura H, Ohtoshi R, Tomita M, Numata K, Arakawa K. The bagworm genome reveals a unique fibroin gene that provides high tensile strength. Commun Biol 2019; 2:148. [PMID: 31044173 PMCID: PMC6488591 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod silk is known as a versatile tool, and its variability makes it an attractive biomaterial. Eumeta variegata is a bagworm moth (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) that uses silk throughout all life stages. Notably, the bagworm-specific uses of silk include larval development in a bag coated with silk and plant materials and the use of silk attachments to hang pupae. An understanding at the molecular level of bagworm silk, which enables such unique purposes, is an opportunity to expand the possibilities for artificial biomaterial design. However, very little is known about the bagworm fibroin gene and the mechanical properties of bagworm silk. Here, we report the bagworm genome, including a silk fibroin gene. The genome is approximately 700 Mbp in size, and the newly found fibroin gene has a unique repetitive motif. Furthermore, a mechanical property test demonstrates a phylogenetic relationship between the unique motif and tensile strength of bagworm silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kono
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
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Kato Y, Fujihara Y, Vavricka CJ, Chang JS, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. Light/dark cycling causes delayed lipid accumulation and increased photoperiod-based biomass yield by altering metabolic flux in oleaginous Chlamydomonas sp. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:39. [PMID: 30828384 PMCID: PMC6383270 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light/dark cycling is an inevitable outdoor culture condition for microalgal biofuel production; however, the influence of this cycling on cellular lipid production has not been clearly established. The general aim of this study was to determine the influence of light/dark cycling on microalgal biomass production and lipid accumulation. To achieve this goal, specific causative mechanisms were investigated using a metabolomics approach. Laboratory scale photoautotrophic cultivations of the oleaginous green microalga Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4 were performed under continuous light (LL) and light/dark (LD) conditions. RESULTS Lipid accumulation and carbohydrate degradation were delayed under the LD condition compared with that under the LL condition. Metabolomic analysis revealed accumulation of phosphoenolpyruvate and decrease of glycerol 3-phosphate under the LD condition, suggesting that the imbalance of these metabolites is a source of delayed lipid accumulation. When accounting for light dosage, biomass yield under the LD condition was significantly higher than that under the LL condition. Dynamic metabolic profiling showed higher levels of lipid/carbohydrate anabolism (including production of 3-phosphoglycerate, fructose 6-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate and acetyl-CoA) from CO2 under the LD condition, indicating higher CO2 fixation than that of the LL condition. CONCLUSIONS Photoperiods define lipid accumulation and biomass production, and light/dark cycling was determined as a critical obstacle for lipid production in JSC4. Conversions of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate to glycerol 3-phosphate are the candidate rate-limiting steps responsible for delayed lipid accumulation. The accumulation of substrates including ribulose 5-phosphate could be explained by the close relationship of increased biomass yield with enhanced CO2 fixation. The present study investigated the influence of light/dark cycling on lipid production by direct comparison with continuous illumination for the first time, and revealed underlying metabolic mechanisms and candidate metabolic rate-limiting steps during light/dark cycling. These findings suggest promising targets to metabolically engineer improved lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujihara
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Christopher J. Vavricka
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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Ota N, Yalikun Y, Suzuki T, Lee SW, Hosokawa Y, Goda K, Tanaka Y. Enhancement in acoustic focusing of micro and nanoparticles by thinning a microfluidic device. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:181776. [PMID: 30891287 PMCID: PMC6408367 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of micro/nanoparticles has become increasingly important in biological and industrial fields. As a non-contact method for particle manipulation, acoustic focusing has been applied in sorting, enrichment and analysis of particles with microfluidic devices. Although the frequency and amplitude of acoustic waves and the dimensions of microchannels have been recognized as important parameters for acoustic focusing, the thickness of microfluidic devices has not been considered so far. Here, we report that thin glass microfluidic devices enhance acoustic focusing of micro/nanoparticles. It was found that the thickness of a microfluidic device strongly influences its ability to focus particles via acoustic radiation, because the energy propagation of acoustic waves is affected by the total mass of the device. Acoustic focusing of submicrometre polystyrene beads and Escherichia coli as well as enrichment of polystyrene beads were achieved in glass microfluidic devices as thin as 0.4 mm. Modifying the thickness of a microfluidic device can thus serve as a critical parameter for acoustic focusing when conventional parameters to achieve this effect are kept unchanged. Thus, our findings enable new approaches to the design of novel microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Ota
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sang Wook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Author for correspondence: Yo Tanaka e-mail:
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Tanaka M, Takahashi Y, Roach L, Critchley K, Evans SD, Okochi M. Rational screening of biomineralisation peptides for colour-selected one-pot gold nanoparticle syntheses. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:71-75. [PMID: 36132451 PMCID: PMC9473233 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralisation peptides that facilitate the one-pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with selected optical properties, were screened using a coherent peptide-spotted array consisting of a AuNP binding peptide library. As the biomineralised AuNPs were captured on each peptide spot, analysis of the images provided information on their collective optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan +81-3-5734-2116 +81-3-5734-2116
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan +81-3-5734-2116 +81-3-5734-2116
| | - L Roach
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - K Critchley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - S D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - M Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan +81-3-5734-2116 +81-3-5734-2116
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Toju H, Sato H, Yamamoto S, Tanabe AS. Structural diversity across arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and endophytic plant-fungus networks. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:292. [PMID: 30463525 PMCID: PMC6249749 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Below-ground linkage between plant and fungal communities is one of the major drivers of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics. However, we still have limited knowledge of how such plant-fungus associations vary in their community-scale properties depending on fungal functional groups and geographic locations. METHODS By compiling a high-throughput sequencing dataset of root-associated fungi in eight forests along the Japanese Archipelago, we performed a comparative analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and saprotrophic/endophytic associations across a latitudinal gradient from cool-temperate to subtropical regions. RESULTS In most of the plant-fungus networks analyzed, host-symbiont associations were significantly specialized but lacked "nested" architecture, which has been commonly reported in plant-pollinator and plant-seed disperser networks. In particular, the entire networks involving all functional groups of plants and fungi and partial networks consisting of ectomycorrhizal plant and fungal species/taxa displayed "anti-nested" architecture (i.e., negative nestedness scores) in many of the forests examined. Our data also suggested that geographic factors affected the organization of plant-fungus network structure. For example, the southernmost subtropical site analyzed in this study displayed lower network-level specificity of host-symbiont associations and higher (but still low) nestedness than northern localities. CONCLUSIONS Our comparative analyses suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and saprotrophic/endophytic plant-fungus associations often lack nested network architecture, while those associations can vary, to some extent, in their community-scale properties along a latitudinal gradient. Overall, this study provides a basis for future studies that will examine how different types of plant-fungus associations collectively structure terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Toju
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Akifumi S. Tanabe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194 Japan
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Kadowaki K, Yamamoto S, Sato H, Tanabe AS, Hidaka A, Toju H. Mycorrhizal fungi mediate the direction and strength of plant-soil feedbacks differently between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal communities. Commun Biol 2018; 1:196. [PMID: 30480098 PMCID: PMC6244237 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants influence their soil environment, which affects the next generation of seedlings that can be established. While research has shown that such plant-soil feedbacks occur in the presence of mycorrhizal fungi, it remains unclear when and how mycorrhizal fungi mediate the direction and strength of feedbacks in tree communities. Here we show that arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungal guilds mediate plant-soil feedbacks differently to influence large-scale patterns such as tree species coexistence and succession. When seedlings are grown under the same mycorrhizal type forest, arbuscular mycorrhizal plant species exhibit negative or neutral feedbacks and ectomycorrhizal plant species do neutral or positive feedbacks. In contrast, positive and neutral feedbacks dominate when seedlings are grown in associations within the same versus different mycorrhizal types. Thus, ectomycorrhizal communities show more positive feedbacks than arbuscular mycorrhizal communities, potentially explaining why most temperate forests are ectomycorrhizal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohmei Kadowaki
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
- Research and Educational Unit for Studies on Connectivity of Hills, Humans and Oceans, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akifumi S Tanabe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Amane Hidaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Toju
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Kida J, Imato K, Goseki R, Aoki D, Morimoto M, Otsuka H. The photoregulation of a mechanochemical polymer scission. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3504. [PMID: 30158595 PMCID: PMC6115466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Control over mechanochemical polymer scission by another external stimulus may offer an avenue to further advance the fields of polymer chemistry, mechanochemistry, and materials science. Herein, we demonstrate that light can regulate the mechanochemical behavior of a diarylethene-conjugated Diels-Alder adduct (DAE/DA) that reversibly isomerizes from a weaker open form to a stronger closed form under photoirradiation. Pulsed ultrasonication experiments, spectroscopic analyses, and density functional theory calculations support the successful photoregulation of the reactivity of this DAE/DA mechanophore, which is incorporated at the mid-chain of a polymer, and indicate that higher force and energy are required to cleave the closed form of the DAE/DA mechanophore relative to the open form. The present photoregulation concept provides an attractive approach toward the generation of new mechanofunctional polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Kida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Keiichi Imato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Raita Goseki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
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Ofori PA, Mizuno A, Suzuki M, Martinoia E, Reuscher S, Aoki K, Shibata D, Otagaki S, Matsumoto S, Shiratake K. Genome-wide analysis of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters in tomato. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200854. [PMID: 30048467 PMCID: PMC6062036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are proteins that actively mediate the transport of a wide range of molecules, such as organic acids, metal ions, phytohormones and secondary metabolites. Therefore, ABC transporters must play indispensable roles in growth and development of tomato, including fruit development. Most ABC transporters have transmembrane domains (TMDs) and belong to the ABC protein family, which includes not only ABC transporters but also soluble ABC proteins lacking TMDs. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes encoding ABC proteins in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which is a valuable horticultural crop and a model plant for studying fleshy fruits. In the tomato genome, a total of 154 genes putatively encoding ABC transporters, including 9 ABCAs, 29 ABCBs, 26 ABCCs, 2 ABCDs, 2 ABCEs, 6 ABCFs, 70 ABCGs and 10 ABCIs, were identified. Gene expression data from the eFP Browser and reverse transcription-semi-quantitative PCR analysis revealed their tissue-specific and development-specific expression profiles. This work suggests physiological roles of ABC transporters in tomato and provides fundamental information for future studies of ABC transporters not only in tomato but also in other Solanaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Amoako Ofori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mizuno
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mami Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Reuscher
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koh Aoki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | | | - Shungo Otagaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Takeuchi N, Sugiyama S, Inui K, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M. Long-latency suppression of auditory and somatosensory change-related cortical responses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199614. [PMID: 29944700 PMCID: PMC6019261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory suppression is a mechanism that attenuates selective information. As for long-latency suppression in auditory and somatosensory systems, paired-pulse suppression, observed as 2 identical stimuli spaced by approximately 500 ms, is widely known, though its mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between auditory and somatosensory long-latency suppression of change-related cortical responses using magnetoencephalography. Somatosensory change-related responses were evoked by an abrupt increase in stimulus strength in a train of current-constant square wave pulses at 100 Hz to the left median nerve at the wrist. Furthermore, auditory change-related responses were elicited by an increase in sound pressure by 15 dB in a continuous sound composed of a train of 25-ms pure tones. Binaural stimulation was used in Experiment 1, while monaural stimulation was used in Experiment 2. For both somatosensory and auditory stimuli, the conditioning and test stimuli were identical, and inserted at 2400 and 3000 ms, respectively. The results showed clear suppression of the test response in the bilateral parisylvian region, but not in the postcentral gyrus of the contralateral hemisphere in the somatosensory system. Similarly, the test response in the bilateral supratemporal plane (N100m) was suppressed in the auditory system. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between suppression of right N100m and right parisylvian activity, suggesting that similar mechanisms are involved in both. Finally, a high test-retest reliability for suppression was seen with both modalities. Suppression revealed in the present study is considered to reflect sensory inhibition ability in individual subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Institute of Human Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a number of recent studies have uncovered remarkable diversity of microbes associated with plants, understanding and managing dynamics of plant microbiomes remain major scientific challenges. In this respect, network analytical methods have provided a basis for exploring "hub" microbial species, which potentially organize community-scale processes of plant-microbe interactions. METHODS By compiling Illumina sequencing data of root-associated fungi in eight forest ecosystems across the Japanese Archipelago, we explored hubs within "metacommunity-scale" networks of plant-fungus associations. In total, the metadata included 8080 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected from 227 local populations of 150 plant species/taxa. RESULTS Few fungal OTUs were common across all the eight forests. However, in each of the metacommunity-scale networks representing northern four localities or southern four localities, diverse mycorrhizal, endophytic, and pathogenic fungi were classified as "metacommunity hubs," which were detected from diverse host plant taxa throughout a climatic region. Specifically, Mortierella (Mortierellales), Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales), Ilyonectria (Hypocreales), Pezicula (Helotiales), and Cadophora (incertae sedis) had broad geographic and host ranges across the northern (cool-temperate) region, while Saitozyma/Cryptococcus (Tremellales/Trichosporonales) and Mortierella as well as some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were placed at the central positions of the metacommunity-scale network representing warm-temperate and subtropical forests in southern Japan. CONCLUSIONS The network theoretical framework presented in this study will help us explore prospective fungi and bacteria, which have high potentials for agricultural application to diverse plant species within each climatic region. As some of those fungal taxa with broad geographic and host ranges have been known to promote the survival and growth of host plants, further studies elucidating their functional roles are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Toju
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Akifumi S Tanabe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Seta Oe, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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48
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Ishizuka H, Nagaosa N. Spin chirality induced skew scattering and anomalous Hall effect in chiral magnets. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaap9962. [PMID: 29487909 PMCID: PMC5819897 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Noncoplanar magnetic orders in magnetic metals give rise to an anomalous Hall effect of unconventional origin, which, by the spin Berry phase effect, is known as the topological Hall effect. This effect is pronounced in the low-temperature limit, where the fluctuation of spins is suppressed. In contrast, we here discuss that the fluctuating but locally correlated spins close to the phase boundary give rise to another anomalous Hall effect, that with the opposite sign to the topological Hall effect. Using the Born approximation, we show that the anomalous Hall effect is attributed to the skew scattering induced by the local correlation of spins. The relation of the scalar spin chirality to the skew scattering amplitude is given, and the explicit formula for the Hall conductivity is derived using a semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. Our theory potentially accounts for the sign change of the anomalous Hall effect observed in chiral magnets in the vicinity of the phase boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ishizuka
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagaosa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Inui K, Takeuchi N, Sugiyama S, Motomura E, Nishihara M. GABAergic mechanisms involved in the prepulse inhibition of auditory evoked cortical responses in humans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190481. [PMID: 29298327 PMCID: PMC5752037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their essential roles in signal processing in the brain, the functions of interneurons currently remain unclear in humans. We recently developed a method using the prepulse inhibition of sensory evoked cortical responses for functional measurements of interneurons. When a sensory feature is abruptly changed in a continuous sensory stimulus, change-related cortical responses are recorded using MEG. By inserting a weak change stimulus (prepulse) before the test change stimulus, it is possible to observe the inhibition of the test response. By manipulating the prepulse–test interval (PTI), several peaks appear in inhibition, suggesting the existence of temporally distinct mechanisms. We herein attempted to separate these components through the oral administration of diazepam and baclofen. The test stimulus and prepulse were an abrupt increase in sound pressure in a continuous click train of 10 and 5 dB, respectively. The results obtained showed that the inhibition at PTIs of 10 and 20 ms was significantly greater with diazepam than with the placebo administration, suggesting increased GABAA-mediated inhibition. Baclofen decreased inhibition at PTIs of 40 and 50 ms, which may have been due to the activation of GABAB autoreceptors. Therefore, the present study separated at least two inhibitory mechanisms pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Inui
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Sheng P, Sakuraba Y, Lau YC, Takahashi S, Mitani S, Hayashi M. The spin Nernst effect in tungsten. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1701503. [PMID: 29119140 PMCID: PMC5669613 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The spin Hall effect allows the generation of spin current when charge current is passed along materials with large spin-orbit coupling. It has been recently predicted that heat current in a nonmagnetic metal can be converted into spin current via a process referred to as the spin Nernst effect. We report the observation of the spin Nernst effect in W. In W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures, we find changes in the longitudinal and transverse voltages with magnetic field when temperature gradient is applied across the film. The field dependence of the voltage resembles that of the spin Hall magnetoresistance. A comparison of the temperature gradient-induced voltage and the spin Hall magnetoresistance allows direct estimation of the spin Nernst angle. We find the spin Nernst angle of W to be similar in magnitude but opposite in sign to its spin Hall angle. Under an open-circuit condition, this sign difference results in the spin current generation larger than otherwise. These results highlight the distinct characteristics of the spin Nernst and spin Hall effects, providing pathways to explore materials with unique band structures that may generate large spin current with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sheng
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yuya Sakuraba
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yong-Chang Lau
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Saburo Takahashi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Mitani
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Hayashi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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