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Zhuo M, Sakuraba Y, Yanagisawa S. Dof1.7 and NIGT1 transcription factors mediate multilayered transcriptional regulation for different expression patterns of NITRATE TRANSPORTER2 genes under nitrogen deficiency stress. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38523242 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms regulating nitrogen (N) deficiency responses in plants is of great agricultural importance. Previous studies revealed that decreased expression of NITRATE-INDUCIBLE GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR1 (NIGT1) transcriptional repressor genes upon N deficiency is involved in N deficiency-inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling N deficiency-induced changes in gene expression is still limited. Through the identification of Dof1.7 as a direct target of NIGT1 repressors and a novel N deficiency response-related transcriptional activator gene, we here show that NIGT1 and Dof1.7 transcription factors (TFs) differentially regulate N deficiency-inducible expression of three high-affinity nitrate transporter genes, NRT2.1, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5, which are responsible for most of the soil nitrate uptake activity of Arabidopsis plants under N-deficient conditions. Unlike NIGT1 repressors, which directly suppress NRT2.1, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5 under N-sufficient conditions, Dof1.7 directly activated only NRT2.5 but indirectly and moderately activated NRT2.1 and NRT2.4 under N-deficient conditions, probably by indirectly decreasing NIGT1 expression. Thus, Dof1.7 converted passive transcriptional activation into active and potent transcriptional activation, further differentially enhancing the expression of NRT2 genes. These findings clarify the mechanism underlying different expression patterns of NRT2 genes upon N deficiency, suggesting that time-dependent multilayered transcriptional regulation generates complicated expression patterns of N deficiency-inducible genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhuo
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sakuraba
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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2
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Park G, Matsumoto I, Kiyohara T, Hofmann HF, Okamoto R, Takeuchi S. Realization of photon correlations beyond the linear optics limit. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadj8146. [PMID: 38134279 PMCID: PMC10745675 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Linear optical transformations of multiple single-photon inputs are fundamental for the development of photonic quantum technologies. Various nonclassical correlations can already be observed directly in states generated using only single-photon inputs and linear optics transformations. However, some quantum correlations require additional operations, and states that exhibit such correlations are classified as non-Fock states. Here, we demonstrate the generation of a two-photon three-mode non-Fock state that exhibits conditional quantum coherences that can only be achieved by non-Fock states. We determine the fidelity of the non-Fock state based on experimentally observed conditional visibilities that characterize the state and compare the result to the fidelity bounds for different classes of Fock and non-Fock states. Our experimental verification of the non-Fock character of the state provides insights into the technological requirements needed to achieve nonclassical correlations in multiphoton quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geobae Park
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Issei Matsumoto
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kiyohara
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Holger F. Hofmann
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takeuchi
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Hashimoto K, Shiwaku T, Aoki H, Yokoyama H, Mayumi K, Ito K. Strain-induced crystallization and phase separation used for fabricating a tough and stiff slide-ring solid polymer electrolyte. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi8505. [PMID: 38000032 PMCID: PMC10672157 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The demand for mechanically robust polymer-based electrolytes is increasing for applications to wearable devices. Young's modulus and breaking energy are essential parameters for describing the mechanical reliability of electrolytes. The former plays a vital role in suppressing the short circuit during charge-discharge, while the latter indicates crack propagation resistance. However, polymer electrolytes with high Young's moduli are generally brittle. In this study, a tough slide-ring solid polymer electrolyte (SR-SPE) breaking through this trade-off between stiffness and toughness is designed on the basis of strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and phase separation. SIC makes the material highly tough (breaking energy, 80 to 100 megajoules per cubic meter). Phase separation in the polymer enhanced stiffness (Young's modulus, 10 to 70 megapascals). The combined effect of phase separation and SIC made SR-SPE tough and stiff, while these mechanisms do not impair ionic conductivity. This SIC strategy could be combined with other toughening mechanisms to design tough polymer gel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toru Shiwaku
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoyama
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Koichi Mayumi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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4
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Shimizu M, Shiraishi N, Tada S, Sasaki T, Beck G, Nagano S, Kinoshita M, Sumi H, Sugimoto T, Ishida Y, Koda T, Ishikura T, Sugiyama Y, Kihara K, Kanakura M, Nakajima T, Takeda S, Takahashi MP, Yamashita T, Okuno T, Mochizuki H. RGMa collapses the neuronal actin barrier against disease-implicated protein and exacerbates ALS. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg3193. [PMID: 37992159 PMCID: PMC10665002 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) was originally identified as a neuronal growth cone-collapsing factor. Previous reports have demonstrated the multifunctional roles of RGMa mediated by neogenin1. However, the pathogenic involvement of RGMa in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that RGMa concentration was elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of both patients with ALS and transgenic mice overexpressing the mutant human superoxide dismutase1 (mSOD1 mice). Treatment with humanized anti-RGMa monoclonal antibody ameliorated the clinical symptoms in mSOD1 mice. Histochemical analysis revealed that the anti-RGMa antibody significantly decreased mutant SOD1 protein accumulation in the motor neurons of mSOD1 mice via inhibition of actin depolymerization. In vitro analysis revealed that the anti-RGMa antibody inhibited the cellular uptake of the mutant SOD1 protein, presumably by reinforcing the neuronal actin barrier. Collectively, these data suggest that RGMa leads to the collapse of the neuronal actin barrier and promotes aberrant protein deposition, resulting in exacerbation of the ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikito Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shiraishi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Tada
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka-Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisae Sumi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Data Science, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Koda
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Ishikura
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Sugiyama
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keigo Kihara
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minami Kanakura
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Nakajima
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori P. Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Hoshino R, Sano H, Yoshinari Y, Nishimura T, Niwa R. Circulating fructose regulates a germline stem cell increase via gustatory receptor-mediated gut hormone secretion in mated Drosophila. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd5551. [PMID: 36827377 PMCID: PMC9956130 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oogenesis is influenced by multiple environmental factors. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, nutrition and mating have large impacts on an increase in female germline stem cells (GSCs). However, it is unclear whether these two factors affect this GSC increase interdependently. Here, we report that dietary sugars are crucial for the GSC increase after mating. Dietary glucose is required for mating-induced release of neuropeptide F (NPF) from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), followed by NPF-mediated enhancement of GSC niche signaling. Unexpectedly, dietary glucose does not directly act on NPF-positive EECs. Rather, it contributes to elevation of hemolymph fructose generated through the polyol pathway. Elevated fructose stimulates the fructose-specific gustatory receptor, Gr43a, in NPF-positive EECs, leading to NPF secretion. This study demonstrates that circulating fructose, derived from dietary sugars, is a prerequisite for the GSC increase that leads to enhancement of egg production after mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hoshino
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuto Yoshinari
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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6
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Morita H, Kano C, Ishii C, Kagata N, Ishikawa T, Hirayama A, Uchiyama Y, Hara S, Nakamura T, Fukuda S. Bacteroides uniformis and its preferred substrate, α-cyclodextrin, enhance endurance exercise performance in mice and human males. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd2120. [PMID: 36696509 PMCID: PMC9876546 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although gut microbiota has been linked to exercise, whether alterations in the abundance of specific bacteria improve exercise performance remains ambiguous. In a cross-sectional study involving 25 male long-distance runners, we found a correlation between Bacteroides uniformis abundance in feces and the 3000-m race time. In addition, we administered flaxseed lignan or α-cyclodextrin as a test tablet to healthy, active males who regularly exercised in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to increase B. uniformis in the gut (UMIN000033748). The results indicated that α-cyclodextrin supplementation improved human endurance exercise performance. Moreover, B. uniformis administration in mice increased swimming time to exhaustion, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and the gene expression of enzymes associated with gluconeogenesis in the liver while decreasing hepatic glycogen content. These findings indicate that B. uniformis enhances endurance exercise performance, which may be mediated by facilitating hepatic endogenous glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Morita
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations Ltd., 1-1-21, Midori, Moriya, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan
| | - Chie Kano
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations Ltd., 1-1-21, Midori, Moriya, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ishii
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Noriko Kagata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ishikawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Uchiyama
- Aoyama Gakuin University Track and Field Club, Aoyama Gakuin University, 4-4-25 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8366, Japan
- School of International Politics, Economics and Communication, Aoyama Gakuin University, 4-4-25 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8366, Japan
| | - Susumu Hara
- Aoyama Gakuin University Track and Field Club, Aoyama Gakuin University, 4-4-25 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8366, Japan
- School of Global Studies and Collaboration, Aoyama Gakuin University, 4-4-25 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8366, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations Ltd., 1-1-21, Midori, Moriya, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory for Regenerative Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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7
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Morohoshi A, Miyata H, Tokuhiro K, Iida-Norita R, Noda T, Fujihara Y, Ikawa M. Testis-enriched ferlin, FER1L5, is required for Ca 2+-activated acrosome reaction and male fertility. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade7607. [PMID: 36696506 PMCID: PMC9876558 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Spermatozoa need to undergo an exocytotic event called the acrosome reaction before fusing with eggs. Although calcium ion (Ca2+) is essential for the acrosome reaction, its molecular mechanism remains unknown. Ferlin is a single transmembrane protein with multiple Ca2+-binding C2 domains, and there are six ferlins, dysferlin (DYSF), otoferlin (OTOF), myoferlin (MYOF), fer-1-like 4 (FER1L4), FER1L5, and FER1L6, in mammals. Dysf, Otof, and Myof knockout mice have been generated, and each knockout mouse line exhibited membrane fusion disorders such as muscular dystrophy in Dysf, deafness in Otof, and abnormal myogenesis in Myof. Here, by generating mutant mice of Fer1l4, Fer1l5, and Fer1l6, we found that only Fer1l5 is required for male fertility. Fer1l5 mutant spermatozoa could migrate in the female reproductive tract and reach eggs, but no acrosome reaction took place. Even a Ca2+ ionophore cannot induce the acrosome reaction in Fer1l5 mutant spermatozoa. These results suggest that FER1L5 is the missing link between Ca2+ and the acrosome reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Morohoshi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
| | - Haruhiko Miyata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
| | - Keizo Tokuhiro
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 5731191 Japan
| | - Rie Iida-Norita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
| | - Taichi Noda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 8600811 Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 8608555 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 5648565, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1088639 Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
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8
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Iwami R, Mihana T, Kanno K, Sunada S, Naruse M, Uchida A. Controlling chaotic itinerancy in laser dynamics for reinforcement learning. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn8325. [PMID: 36475794 PMCID: PMC9728972 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photonic artificial intelligence has attracted considerable interest in accelerating machine learning; however, the unique optical properties have not been fully used for achieving higher-order functionalities. Chaotic itinerancy, with its spontaneous transient dynamics among multiple quasi-attractors, can be used to realize brain-like functionalities. In this study, we numerically and experimentally investigate a method for controlling the chaotic itinerancy in a multimode semiconductor laser to solve a machine learning task, namely, the multiarmed bandit problem, which is fundamental to reinforcement learning. The proposed method uses chaotic itinerant motion in mode competition dynamics controlled via optical injection. We found that the exploration mechanism is completely different from a conventional searching algorithm and is highly scalable, outperforming the conventional approaches for large-scale bandit problems. This study paves the way to use chaotic itinerancy for effectively solving complex machine learning tasks as photonic hardware accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryugo Iwami
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takatomo Mihana
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kanno
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sunada
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Makoto Naruse
- Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Atsushi Uchida
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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9
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Shinozaki Y, Leung A, Namekata K, Saitoh S, Nguyen HB, Takeda A, Danjo Y, Morizawa YM, Shigetomi E, Sano F, Yoshioka N, Takebayashi H, Ohno N, Segawa T, Miyake K, Kashiwagi K, Harada T, Ohnuma SI, Koizumi S. Astrocytic dysfunction induced by ABCA1 deficiency causes optic neuropathy. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq1081. [PMID: 36332025 PMCID: PMC9635836 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte abnormalities have received great attention for their association with various diseases in the brain but not so much in the eye. Recent independent genome-wide association studies of glaucoma, optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, and vision loss found that single-nucleotide polymorphisms near the ABCA1 locus were common risk factors. Here, we show that Abca1 loss in retinal astrocytes causes glaucoma-like optic neuropathy in aged mice. ABCA1 was highly expressed in retinal astrocytes in mice. Thus, we generated macroglia-specific Abca1-deficient mice (Glia-KO) and found that aged Glia-KO mice had RGC degeneration and ocular dysfunction without affected intraocular pressure, a conventional risk factor for glaucoma. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Abca1 deficiency in aged Glia-KO mice caused astrocyte-triggered inflammation and increased the susceptibility of certain RGC clusters to excitotoxicity. Together, astrocytes play a pivotal role in eye diseases, and loss of ABCA1 in astrocytes causes glaucoma-like neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Alex Leung
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Huy Bang Nguyen
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, NIPS, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMP), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Akiko Takeda
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke M. Morizawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Sano
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yoshioka
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, NIPS, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ohnuma
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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10
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Nishioka S, Hojo K, Xiao L, Gao T, Miseki Y, Yasuda S, Yokoi T, Sayama K, Mallouk TE, Maeda K. Surface-modified, dye-sensitized niobate nanosheets enabling an efficient solar-driven Z-scheme for overall water splitting. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadc9115. [PMID: 35947708 PMCID: PMC9365272 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While dye-sensitized metal oxides are good candidates as H2 evolution photocatalysts for solar-driven Z-scheme water splitting, their solar-to-hydrogen (STH) energy conversion efficiencies remain low because of uncontrolled charge recombination reactions. Here, we show that modification of Ru dye-sensitized, Pt-intercalated HCa2Nb3O10 nanosheets (Ru/Pt/HCa2Nb3O10) with both amorphous Al2O3 and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) improves the STH efficiency of Z-scheme overall water splitting by a factor of ~100, when the nanosheets are used in combination with a WO3-based O2 evolution photocatalyst and an I3-/I- redox mediator, relative to an analogous system that uses unmodified Ru/Pt/HCa2Nb3O10. By using the optimized photocatalyst, PSS/Ru/Al2O3/Pt/HCa2Nb3O10, a maximum STH of 0.12% and an apparent quantum yield of 4.1% at 420 nm were obtained, by far the highest among dye-sensitized water splitting systems and comparable to conventional semiconductor-based suspended particulate photocatalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Nishioka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Koya Hojo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Langqiu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tianyue Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yugo Miseki
- Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), West, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yasuda
- Nanospace Catalysis Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yokoi
- Nanospace Catalysis Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sayama
- Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), West, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Thomas E. Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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11
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Sohn J, Suzuki M, Youssef M, Hatada S, Larkum ME, Kawaguchi Y, Kubota Y. Presynaptic supervision of cortical spine dynamics in motor learning. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm0531. [PMID: 35895812 PMCID: PMC9328689 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian neocortex, learning triggers the formation and turnover of new postsynaptic spines on pyramidal cell dendrites. However, the biological principles of spine reorganization during learning remain elusive because the identity of their presynaptic neuronal partners is unknown. Here, we show that two presynaptic neural circuits supervise distinct programs of spine dynamics to execute learning. We imaged spine dynamics in motor cortex during learning and performed post hoc identification of their afferent presynaptic neurons. New spines that appeared during learning formed small transient contacts with corticocortical neurons that were eliminated on skill acquisition. In contrast, persistent spines with axons from thalamic neurons were formed and enlarged. These results suggest that pyramidal cell dendrites in motor cortex use a neural circuit division of labor during skill learning, with dynamic teaching contacts from top-down intracortical axons followed by synaptic memory formation driven by thalamic axons. Dual spine supervision may govern diverse skill learning in the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaerin Sohn
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mototaka Suzuki
- Neurocure Center for Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammed Youssef
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Sayuri Hatada
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Matthew E. Larkum
- Neurocure Center for Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kubota
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Support Unit for Electron Microscopy Techniques, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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12
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Handa T, Hashimoto R, Yumoto G, Nakamura T, Wakamiya A, Kanemitsu Y. Metal-free ferroelectric halide perovskite exhibits visible photoluminescence correlated with local ferroelectricity. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo1621. [PMID: 35731878 PMCID: PMC9217093 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite materials with tunable electronic and structural characteristics can realize various physical properties including electrical/ionic conduction, ferroelectricity, and luminescence. Integrating and coupling these properties in a single perovskite material offer new possibilities for fundamental research and applications. In particular, coupling ferroelectricity and luminescence would enable novel applications. Here, we report that the metal-free ferroelectric perovskite MDABCO (N-methyl-N'-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium)-ammonium triiodide exhibits coupled superior ferroelectricity and visible photoluminescence (PL). Besides strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) associated with its ferroelectricity, MDABCO-ammonium triiodide shows long-lifetime PL at room temperature. Remarkably, the PL intensity depends strongly on the polarization of the excitation light. We found that this anisotropy is coupled to the local crystal orientation that was determined by polarization-resolved SHG. Our results suggest that the anisotropic PL property can be tuned in response to its ferroelectric state via an external field and, thereby, presents a previosuly unobserved functionality in perovskites.
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13
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Watanabe Y, Hyeon-Deuk K, Yamamoto T, Yabuuchi M, Karakulina OM, Noda Y, Kurihara T, Chang IY, Higashi M, Tomita O, Tassel C, Kato D, Xia J, Goto T, Brown CM, Shimoyama Y, Ogiwara N, Hadermann J, Abakumov AM, Uchida S, Abe R, Kageyama H. Polyoxocationic antimony oxide cluster with acidic protons. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm5379. [PMID: 35714182 PMCID: PMC9205590 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The success and continued expansion of research on metal-oxo clusters owe largely to their structural richness and wide range of functions. However, while most of them known to date are negatively charged polyoxometalates, there is only a handful of cationic ones, much less functional ones. Here, we show an all-inorganic hydroxyiodide [H10.7Sb32.1O44][H2.1Sb2.1I8O6][Sb0.76I6]2·25H2O (HSbOI), forming a face-centered cubic structure with cationic Sb32O44 clusters and two types of anionic clusters in its interstitial spaces. Although it is submicrometer in size, electron diffraction tomography of HSbOI allowed the construction of the initial structural model, followed by powder Rietveld refinement to reach the final structure. The cationic cluster is characterized by the presence of acidic protons on its surface due to substantial Sb3+ deficiencies, which enables HSbOI to serve as an excellent solid acid catalyst. These results open up a frontier for the exploration and functionalization of cationic metal-oxo clusters containing heavy main group elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Watanabe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yamamoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yabuuchi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | - Yasuto Noda
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurihara
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - I-Ya Chang
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masanobu Higashi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Osamu Tomita
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Cédric Tassel
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daichi Kato
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jingxin Xia
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Goto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Craig M. Brown
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Yuto Shimoyama
- Department of Basic Science, School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naoki Ogiwara
- Department of Basic Science, School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Artem M. Abakumov
- CEST, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sayaka Uchida
- Department of Basic Science, School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Ryu Abe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kageyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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14
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Iida S, Shinkai S, Itoh Y, Tamura S, Kanemaki MT, Onami S, Maeshima K. Single-nucleosome imaging reveals steady-state motion of interphase chromatin in living human cells. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn5626. [PMID: 35658044 PMCID: PMC9166292 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic chromatin behavior plays a critical role in various genome functions. However, it remains unclear how chromatin behavior changes during interphase, where the nucleus enlarges and genomic DNA doubles. While the previously reported chromatin movements varied during interphase when measured using a minute or longer time scale, we unveil that local chromatin motion captured by single-nucleosome imaging/tracking on a second time scale remained steady throughout G1, S, and G2 phases in live human cells. This motion mode appeared to change beyond this time scale. A defined genomic region also behaved similarly. Combined with Brownian dynamics modeling, our results suggest that this steady-state chromatin motion was mainly driven by thermal fluctuations. Steady-state motion temporarily increased following a DNA damage response. Our findings support the viscoelastic properties of chromatin. We propose that the observed steady-state chromatin motion allows cells to conduct housekeeping functions, such as transcription and DNA replication, under similar environments during interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Iida
- Genome Dynamics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Soya Shinkai
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuji Itoh
- Genome Dynamics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tamura
- Genome Dynamics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Japan
| | - Masato T. Kanemaki
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
- Molecular Cell Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Onami
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maeshima
- Genome Dynamics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Tan C, Ho DYH, Wang L, Li JIA, Yudhistira I, Rhodes DA, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Shepard K, McEuen PL, Dean CR, Adam S, Hone J. Dissipation-enabled hydrodynamic conductivity in a tunable bandgap semiconductor. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabi8481. [PMID: 35427167 PMCID: PMC9012458 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic transport in the regime where carrier-carrier collisions are the dominant scattering mechanism has taken on new relevance with the advent of ultraclean two-dimensional materials. Here, we present a combined theoretical and experimental study of ambipolar hydrodynamic transport in bilayer graphene demonstrating that the conductivity is given by the sum of two Drude-like terms that describe relative motion between electrons and holes, and the collective motion of the electron-hole plasma. As predicted, the measured conductivity of gapless, charge-neutral bilayer graphene is sample- and temperature-independent over a wide range. Away from neutrality, the electron-hole conductivity collapses to a single curve, and a set of just four fitting parameters provides quantitative agreement between theory and experiment at all densities, temperatures, and gaps measured. This work validates recent theories for dissipation-enabled hydrodynamic conductivity and creates a link between semiconductor physics and the emerging field of viscous electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Derek Y. H. Ho
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138614, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Lei Wang
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jia I. A. Li
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Indra Yudhistira
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Daniel A. Rhodes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenneth Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Paul L. McEuen
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shaffique Adam
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138614, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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16
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Fujiyabu T, Sakumichi N, Katashima T, Liu C, Mayumi K, Chung UI, Sakai T. Tri-branched gels: Rubbery materials with the lowest branching factor approach the ideal elastic limit. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabk0010. [PMID: 35385299 PMCID: PMC8985917 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unlike hard materials such as metals and ceramics, rubbery materials can endure large deformations due to the large conformational degree of freedom of the cross-linked polymer network. However, the effect of the network's branching factor on the ultimate mechanical properties has not yet been clarified. This study shows that tri-branching, which entails the lowest branching factor, results in a large elastic deformation near the theoretical upper bound. This ideal elastic limit is realized by reversible strain-induced crystallization, providing on-demand reinforcement. The enhanced reversible strain-induced crystallization is observed in the tri-branched and not in the tetra-branched network. A mathematical theory of structural rigidity is used to explain the difference in the chain orientation. Although tetra-branched polymers have been preferred since the development of vulcanization, these findings highlighting the merits of tri-branching will prompt a paradigm shift in the development of rubbery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujiyabu
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sakumichi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Katashima
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang Liu
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Koichi Mayumi
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Akıl C, Ali S, Tran LT, Gaillard J, Li W, Hayashida K, Hirose M, Kato T, Oshima A, Fujishima K, Blanchoin L, Narita A, Robinson RC. Structure and dynamics of Odinarchaeota tubulin and the implications for eukaryotic microtubule evolution. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm2225. [PMID: 35333570 PMCID: PMC8956254 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tubulins are critical for the internal organization of eukaryotic cells, and understanding their emergence is an important question in eukaryogenesis. Asgard archaea are the closest known prokaryotic relatives to eukaryotes. Here, we elucidated the apo and nucleotide-bound x-ray structures of an Asgard tubulin from hydrothermal living Odinarchaeota (OdinTubulin). The guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-bound structure resembles a microtubule protofilament, with GTP bound between subunits, coordinating the "+" end subunit through a network of water molecules and unexpectedly by two cations. A water molecule is located suitable for GTP hydrolysis. Time course crystallography and electron microscopy revealed conformational changes on GTP hydrolysis. OdinTubulin forms tubules at high temperatures, with short curved protofilaments coiling around the tubule circumference, more similar to FtsZ, rather than running parallel to its length, as in microtubules. Thus, OdinTubulin represents an evolutionary stage intermediate between prokaryotic FtsZ and eukaryotic microtubule-forming tubulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Akıl
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI), Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Samson Ali
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Linh T. Tran
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jérémie Gaillard
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Wenfei Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Kenichi Hayashida
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mika Hirose
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oshima
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujishima
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI), Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Université de Paris, INSERM, CEA, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, U 976, CytoMorpho Lab, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Akihiro Narita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Robert C. Robinson
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
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18
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Bliokh KY, Punzmann H, Xia H, Nori F, Shats M. Field theory spin and momentum in water waves. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm1295. [PMID: 35061526 PMCID: PMC8782445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Spin is a fundamental yet nontrivial intrinsic angular momentum property of quantum particles or fields, which appears within relativistic field theory. The spin density in wave fields is described by the theoretical Belinfante-Rosenfeld construction based on the difference between the canonical and kinetic momentum densities. These quantities are usually considered as abstract and non-observable per se. Here, we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that the Belinfante-Rosenfeld construction naturally arises in gravity (water surface) waves. There, the canonical momentum is associated with the generalized Stokes drift phenomenon, while the spin is generated by subwavelength circular motion of water particles. Thus, we directly observe these fundamental field theory properties as microscopic mechanical properties of a classical wave system. Our findings shed light onto the nature of spin and momentum in wave fields, demonstrate the universality of relativistic field theory concepts, and offer a new platform for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Y. Bliokh
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Horst Punzmann
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hua Xia
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, USA
| | - Michael Shats
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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19
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Ohtsuka Y, Kanazawa N, Hirayama M, Matsui A, Nomoto T, Arita R, Nakajima T, Hanashima T, Ukleev V, Aoki H, Mogi M, Fujiwara K, Tsukazaki A, Ichikawa M, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y. Emergence of spin-orbit coupled ferromagnetic surface state derived from Zak phase in a nonmagnetic insulator FeSi. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj0498. [PMID: 34788092 PMCID: PMC8598002 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
FeSi is a nonmagnetic narrow-gap insulator, exhibiting peculiar charge and spin dynamics beyond a simple band structure picture. Those unusual features have been attracting renewed attention from topological aspects. Although the surface conduction was demonstrated according to size-dependent resistivity in bulk crystals, its topological characteristics and consequent electromagnetic responses remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate an inherent surface ferromagnetic-metal state of FeSi thin films and its strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) properties through multiple characterizations of two-dimensional conductance, magnetization, and spintronic functionality. Terminated covalent bonding orbitals constitute the polar surface state with momentum-dependent spin textures due to Rashba-type spin splitting, as corroborated by unidirectional magnetoresistance measurements and first-principles calculations. As a consequence of the spin-momentum locking, nonequilibrium spin accumulation causes magnetization switching. These surface properties are closely related to the Zak phase of the bulk band topology. Our findings propose another route to explore noble metal–free materials for SOC-based spin manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ohtsuka
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoya Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Motoaki Hirayama
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akira Matsui
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuya Nomoto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Arita
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Taro Nakajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | | | - Victor Ukleev
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging (LNS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Masataka Mogi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohei Fujiwara
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsukazaki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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20
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Dirnberger F, Ziegler JD, Faria Junior PE, Bushati R, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Fabian J, Bougeard D, Chernikov A, Menon VM. Quasi-1D exciton channels in strain-engineered 2D materials. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj3066. [PMID: 34714670 PMCID: PMC8555901 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering is a powerful tool in designing artificial platforms for high-temperature excitonic quantum devices. Combining strong light-matter interaction with robust and mobile exciton quasiparticles, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) hold great promise in this endeavor. However, realizing complex excitonic architectures based on strain-induced electronic potentials alone has proven to be exceptionally difficult so far. Here, we demonstrate deterministic strain engineering of both single-particle electronic bandstructure and excitonic many-particle interactions. We create quasi-1D transport channels to confine excitons and simultaneously enhance their mobility through locally suppressed exciton-phonon scattering. Using ultrafast, all-optical injection and time-resolved readout, we realize highly directional exciton flow with up to 100% anisotropy both at cryogenic and room temperatures. The demonstrated fundamental modification of the exciton transport properties in a deterministically strained 2D material with effectively tunable dimensionality has broad implications for both basic solid-state science and emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Dirnberger
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Jonas D. Ziegler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paulo E. Faria Junior
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Jaroslav Fabian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Bougeard
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Vinod M. Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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21
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Shimojima T, Nakamura A, Yu X, Karube K, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y, Ishizaka K. Nano-to-micro spatiotemporal imaging of magnetic skyrmion's life cycle. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/25/eabg1322. [PMID: 34134977 PMCID: PMC8208720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are self-organized topological spin textures that behave like particles. Because of their fast creation and typically long lifetime, experimental verification of skyrmion's creation/annihilation processes has been challenging. Here, we successfully track skyrmion dynamics in defect-introduced Co9Zn9Mn2 by using pump-probe Lorentz transmission electron microscope. Following the nanosecond photothermal excitation, we resolve 160-nm skyrmion's proliferation at <1 ns, contraction at 5 ns, drift from 10 ns to 4 μs, and coalescence at ~5 μs. These motions relay the multiscale arrangement and relaxation of skyrmion clusters in a repeatable cycle of 20 kHz. Such repeatable dynamics of skyrmions, arising from the weakened but still persistent topological protection around defects, enables us to visualize the whole life of the skyrmions and demonstrates the possible high-frequency manipulations of topological charges brought by skyrmions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asuka Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiuzhen Yu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kosuke Karube
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Taguchi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Tokyo College, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ishizaka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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22
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Tokuoka M, Maeda K, Kobayashi K, Mochizuki A, Satou Y. The gene regulatory system for specifying germ layers in early embryos of the simple chordate. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/24/eabf8210. [PMID: 34108211 PMCID: PMC8189585 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In animal embryos, gene regulatory networks control the dynamics of gene expression in cells and coordinate such dynamics among cells. In ascidian embryos, gene expression dynamics have been dissected at the single-cell resolution. Here, we revealed mathematical functions that represent the regulatory logics of all regulatory genes expressed at the 32-cell stage when the germ layers are largely specified. These functions collectively explain the entire mechanism by which gene expression dynamics are controlled coordinately in early embryos. We found that regulatory functions for genes expressed in each of the specific lineages contain a common core regulatory mechanism. Last, we showed that the expression of the regulatory genes became reproducible by calculation and controllable by experimental manipulations. Thus, these regulatory functions represent an architectural design for the germ layer specification of this chordate and provide a platform for simulations and experiments to understand the operating principles of gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tokuoka
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Maeda
- Faculty of Informatics, University of Fukuchiyama, 3370 Hori, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto 620-0886, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mochizuki
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Satou
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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23
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Xu B, Hu S, Hung SW, Shao C, Chandra H, Chen FR, Kodama T, Shiomi J. Weaker bonding can give larger thermal conductance at highly mismatched interfaces. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/17/eabf8197. [PMID: 33893088 PMCID: PMC8064637 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermal boundary conductance is typically positively correlated with interfacial adhesion at the interface. Here, we demonstrate a counterintuitive experimental result in which a weak van der Waals interface can give a higher thermal boundary conductance than a strong covalently bonded interface. This occurs in a system with highly mismatched vibrational frequencies (copper/diamond) modified by a self-assembled monolayer. Using finely controlled fabrication and detailed characterization, complemented by molecular simulation, the effects of bridging the vibrational spectrum mismatch and bonding at the interface are systematically varied and understood from a molecular dynamics viewpoint. The results reveal that the bridging and binding effects have a trade-off relationship and, consequently, that the bridging can overwhelm the binding effect at a highly mismatched interface. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of phonon transport at interfaces, unifying physical and chemical understandings, and allowing interfacial tailoring of the thermal transport in various material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiqian Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shih-Wei Hung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harsh Chandra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Takashi Kodama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Shiomi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Kato H, Tokutsu R, Kubota-Kawai H, Burton-Smith RN, Kim E, Minagawa J. Characterization of a Giant PSI Supercomplex in the Symbiotic Dinoflagellate Symbiodiniaceae. Plant Physiol 2020; 183:1725-1734. [PMID: 32546570 PMCID: PMC7401106 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Symbiodiniaceae are symbiotic dinoflagellates that provide photosynthetic products to corals. Because corals are distributed across a wide range of depths in the ocean, Symbiodiniaceae species must adapt to various light environments to optimize their photosynthetic performance. However, as few biochemical studies of Symbiodiniaceae photosystems have been reported, the molecular mechanisms of photoadaptation in this algal family remain poorly understood. Here, to investigate the photosynthetic machineries in Symbiodiniaceae, we purified and characterized the PSI supercomplex from the genome-sequenced Breviolum minutum (formerly Symbiodinium minutum). Mass spectrometry analysis revealed 25 light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), including both LHCF and LHCR families, from the purified PSI-LHC supercomplex. Single-particle electron microscopy showed unique giant supercomplex structures of PSI that were associated with the LHCs. Moreover, the PSI-LHC supercomplex contained a significant amount of the xanthophyll cycle pigment diadinoxanthin. Upon high light treatment, B. minutum cells showed increased nonphotochemical quenching, which was correlated with the conversion of diadinoxanthin to diatoxanthin, occurring preferentially in the PSI-LHC supercomplex. The possible role of PSI-LHC in photoprotection in Symbiodiniaceae is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kato
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hisako Kubota-Kawai
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Raymond N Burton-Smith
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Eunchul Kim
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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25
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Mizuno K, Shiozawa K, Katoh TA, Minegishi K, Ide T, Ikawa Y, Nishimura H, Takaoka K, Itabashi T, Iwane AH, Nakai J, Shiratori H, Hamada H. Role of Ca 2+ transients at the node of the mouse embryo in breaking of left-right symmetry. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba1195. [PMID: 32743070 PMCID: PMC7375832 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Immotile cilia sense extracellular signals such as fluid flow, but whether Ca2+ plays a role in flow sensing has been unclear. Here, we examined the role of ciliary Ca2+ in the flow sensing that initiates the breaking of left-right (L-R) symmetry in the mouse embryo. Intraciliary and cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients were detected in the crown cells at the node. These Ca2+ transients showed L-R asymmetry, which was lost in the absence of fluid flow or the PKD2 channel. Further characterization allowed classification of the Ca2+ transients into two types: cilium-derived, L-R-asymmetric transients (type 1) and cilium-independent transients without an L-R bias (type 2). Type 1 intraciliary transients occurred preferentially at the left posterior region of the node, where L-R symmetry breaking takes place. Suppression of intraciliary Ca2+ transients delayed L-R symmetry breaking. Our results implicate cilium-derived Ca2+ transients in crown cells in initiation of L-R symmetry breaking in the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Mizuno
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Corresponding author. (K.Miz.); (H.H.)
| | - Kei Shiozawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Takanobu A. Katoh
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Katsura Minegishi
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ide
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yayoi Ikawa
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishimura
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Takaoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Takeshi Itabashi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Atsuko H. Iwane
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakai
- Department of Oral Function and Morphology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Shiratori
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
- Corresponding author. (K.Miz.); (H.H.)
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26
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Ochiai H, Hayashi T, Umeda M, Yoshimura M, Harada A, Shimizu Y, Nakano K, Saitoh N, Liu Z, Yamamoto T, Okamura T, Ohkawa Y, Kimura H, Nikaido I. Genome-wide kinetic properties of transcriptional bursting in mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz6699. [PMID: 32596448 PMCID: PMC7299619 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional bursting is the stochastic activation and inactivation of promoters, contributing to cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of transcriptional bursting kinetics (burst size and frequency) in mammalian cells remains elusive. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the intrinsic noise and mRNA levels for elucidating the transcriptional bursting kinetics in mouse embryonic stem cells. Informatics analyses and functional assays revealed that transcriptional bursting kinetics was regulated by a combination of promoter- and gene body-binding proteins, including the polycomb repressive complex 2 and transcription elongation factors. Furthermore, large-scale CRISPR-Cas9-based screening identified that the Akt/MAPK signaling pathway regulated bursting kinetics by modulating transcription elongation efficiency. These results uncovered the key molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional bursting and cell-to-cell gene expression noise in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ochiai
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN BDR, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mana Umeda
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN BDR, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshimura
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN BDR, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-0054, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shimizu
- Department of Animal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo 812-0054, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakano
- Department of Animal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo 812-0054, Japan
| | - Noriko Saitoh
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Cancer Institute of JFCR, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Animal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo 812-0054, Japan
- Section of Animal Models, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo 812-0054, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-0054, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN BDR, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Bioinformatics Course, Master’s/Doctoral Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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27
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Prabhakar S, Shields T, Dada AC, Ebrahim M, Taylor GG, Morozov D, Erotokritou K, Miki S, Yabuno M, Terai H, Gawith C, Kues M, Caspani L, Hadfield RH, Clerici M. Two-photon quantum interference and entanglement at 2.1 μm. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay5195. [PMID: 32258399 PMCID: PMC7101225 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-enhanced optical systems operating within the 2- to 2.5-μm spectral region have the potential to revolutionize emerging applications in communications, sensing, and metrology. However, to date, sources of entangled photons have been realized mainly in the near-infrared 700- to 1550-nm spectral window. Here, using custom-designed lithium niobate crystals for spontaneous parametric down-conversion and tailored superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, we demonstrate two-photon interference and polarization-entangled photon pairs at 2090 nm. These results open the 2- to 2.5-μm mid-infrared window for the development of optical quantum technologies such as quantum key distribution in next-generation mid-infrared fiber communication systems and future Earth-to-satellite communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Prabhakar
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Taylor Shields
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Adetunmise C. Dada
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mehdi Ebrahim
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Gregor G. Taylor
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Shigehito Miki
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo 657-0013, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yabuno
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Terai
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Corin Gawith
- Covesion Ltd., Unit A7, The Premier Centre, Premier Way, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9DG, UK
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Michael Kues
- Hannover Center for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering–Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lucia Caspani
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Robert H. Hadfield
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Matteo Clerici
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Tanaka H, Kanahashi K, Takekoshi N, Mada H, Ito H, Shimoi Y, Ohta H, Takenobu T. Thermoelectric properties of a semicrystalline polymer doped beyond the insulator-to-metal transition by electrolyte gating. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay8065. [PMID: 32110735 PMCID: PMC7021494 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymer thin films containing inherent structural disorder exhibit complicated electronic, transport, and thermoelectric properties. The unconventional power-law relation between the Seebeck coefficient (S) and the electrical conductivity (σ) is one of the typical consequences of this disorder, where no maximum of the thermoelectric power factor (P = S 2σ) has been observed upon doping, unlike conventional systems. Here, it is demonstrated that a thiophene-based semicrystalline polymer exhibits a clear maximum of P through wide-range carrier doping by the electrolyte gating technique. The maximum value appears around the macroscopic insulator-to-metal transition upon doping, which is firmly confirmed by the temperature dependence of σ and magnetoresistance measurements. The effect of disorder on charge transport is suppressed in the metallic state, resulting in the conventional S-σ relation described by the Mott equation. The present results provide a physical background for controlling the performance of conducting polymers toward the application to thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kaito Kanahashi
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-855, Japan
| | - Naoya Takekoshi
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mada
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shimoi
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohta
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Taishi Takenobu
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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29
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Zhuo M, Sakuraba Y, Yanagisawa S. A Jasmonate-Activated MYC2-Dof2.1-MYC2 Transcriptional Loop Promotes Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2020; 32:242-262. [PMID: 31641025 PMCID: PMC6961620 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA binding-with-one-finger (Dof) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors closely associated with a variety of physiological processes. Here, we show that the Dof protein family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) functions in leaf senescence. Disruption of Dof2 1, a jasmonate (JA)-inducible gene, led to a marked reduction in promotion of leaf senescence and inhibition of root development as well as dark-induced and age-dependent leaf senescence, while overexpression of Dof2 1 promoted these processes. Additionally, the dof2 1 knockout mutant showed almost no change in the transcriptome in the absence of JA; in the presence of JA, expression of many senescence-associated genes, including MYC2, which encodes a central regulator of JA responses, was induced to a lesser extent in the dof2 1 mutant than in the wild type. Furthermore, direct activation of the MYC2 promoter by Dof2.1, along with the results of epistasis analysis, indicated that Dof2.1 enhances leaf senescence mainly by promoting MYC2 expression. Interestingly, MYC2 was also identified as a transcriptional activator responsible for JA-inducible expression of Dof2 1 Based on these results, we propose that Dof2.1 acts as an enhancer of JA-induced leaf senescence through the MYC2-Dof2.1-MYC2 feedforward transcriptional loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhuo
- Plant Functional Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sakuraba
- Plant Functional Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Plant Functional Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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30
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Takehara R, Sunami K, Miyagawa K, Miyamoto T, Okamoto H, Horiuchi S, Kato R, Kanoda K. Topological charge transport by mobile dielectric-ferroelectric domain walls. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax8720. [PMID: 31763453 PMCID: PMC6858255 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concept of topology has been widely applied in condensed matter physics, leading to the identification of peculiar electronic states on three-dimensional (3D) surfaces or 2D lines separating topologically distinctive regions. In the systems explored so far, the topological boundaries are built-in walls; thus, their motional degrees of freedom, which potentially bring about new paradigms, have been experimentally inaccessible. Here, working with a quasi-1D organic material with a charge-transfer instability, we show that mobile neutral-ionic (dielectric-ferroelectric) domain boundaries with topological charges carry strongly 1D-confined and anomalously large electrical conduction with an energy gap much smaller than the one-particle excitation gap. This consequence is further supported by nuclear magnetic resonance detection of spin solitons, which are required for steady current of topological charges. The present observation of topological charge transport may open a new channel for broad charge transport-related phenomena such as thermoelectric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Takehara
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - K. Sunami
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - K. Miyagawa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - T. Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - H. Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando–Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Chiba 277-8568, Japan
| | - S. Horiuchi
- Flexible Electronics Research Center (FLEC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - R. Kato
- Condensed Molecular Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K. Kanoda
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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31
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Handa T, Tahara H, Aharen T, Kanemitsu Y. Large negative thermo-optic coefficients of a lead halide perovskite. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax0786. [PMID: 31334354 PMCID: PMC6641940 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are promising semiconductors for high-performance photonic devices. Because the refractive index determines the optimal design and performance limit of the semiconductor devices, the refractive index and its change upon external modulations are the most critical properties for advanced photonic applications. Here, we report that the refractive index of halide perovskite CH3NH3PbCl3 shows a distinct decrease with increasing temperature, i.e., a large negative thermo-optic coefficient, which is opposite to those of conventional inorganic semiconductors. By using this negative coefficient, we demonstrate the compensation of thermally induced optical phase shifts occurring in conventional semiconductors. Furthermore, we observe a large and slow refractive index change in CH3NH3PbCl3 during photoirradiation and clarify its origin to be a very low thermal conductivity supported by theoretical analysis. The giant thermo-optic response of CH3NH3PbCl3 facilitates efficient phase modulation of visible light.
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32
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Terashige T, Ono T, Miyamoto T, Morimoto T, Yamakawa H, Kida N, Ito T, Sasagawa T, Tohyama T, Okamoto H. Doublon-holon pairing mechanism via exchange interaction in two-dimensional cuprate Mott insulators. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav2187. [PMID: 31187057 PMCID: PMC6555625 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of charge and spin degrees of freedom is a critical feature of correlated electron oxides, as represented by the spin-related mechanism of a Cooper pair under high-T c superconductivity. A doublon-holon pair generated on an antiferromagnetic spin background is also predicted to attract each other via the spin-spin interaction J, similar to a Cooper pair, while its evidence is difficult to obtain experimentally. Here, we investigate such an excitonic effect by electroreflectance spectroscopy using terahertz electric field pulses in undoped cuprates: Nd2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and La2CuO4. Analyses of the spectral changes of reflectivity under electric fields reveal that the splitting of odd-parity and even-parity excitons, a measure of doublon-holon binding energy, increases with J. This trend is reproduced by t-J-type model calculations, providing strong evidence of the spin-related doublon-holon pairing. Agreement with the calculations supports the s-wave symmetry of the doublon-holon pair in contrast to the d-wave Cooper pair in doped cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Terashige
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Chiba 277-8568, Japan
| | - T. Ono
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - T. Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T. Morimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - H. Yamakawa
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - N. Kida
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T. Ito
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - T. Sasagawa
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - T. Tohyama
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - H. Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Chiba 277-8568, Japan
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33
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Tsujii N, Nishide A, Hayakawa J, Mori T. Observation of enhanced thermopower due to spin fluctuation in weak itinerant ferromagnet. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaat5935. [PMID: 30801005 PMCID: PMC6386555 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand for higher energy efficiency calls for waste heat recovery technology. Thus, facilitating practical thermoelectric generation systems is strongly desired. One option is enhancing the thermoelectric power factor, S 2/r, where S is the Seebeck coefficient and r is the electrical resistivity, although it is still challenging because of the trade-off between S and r. We demonstrate that enhanced S 2/r can be achieved by incorporating magnetic interaction in ferromagnetic metals via the spin fluctuation arising from itinerant electrons. We show that electron-doped Heusler alloys exhibit weak ferromagnetism at T C near room temperature with a small magnetic moment. A pronounced enhancement around T C was observed, with a 20% improvement in the power factor from the case where spin fluctuation is suppressed by applying magnetic field. This result supports the merit of using spin fluctuation to further enhance thermoelectric properties and the potential to further probe correlations and synergy between magnetic and thermoelectric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohito Tsujii
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishide
- Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Hitachi Ltd., Akanuma 2520, Hatoyama-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Jun Hayakawa
- Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Hitachi Ltd., Akanuma 2520, Hatoyama-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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34
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Yoshimi R, Yasuda K, Tsukazaki A, Takahashi KS, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y. Current-driven magnetization switching in ferromagnetic bulk Rashba semiconductor (Ge,Mn)Te. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaat9989. [PMID: 30539144 PMCID: PMC6286171 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic materials with both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders provide a promising arena for the electrical manipulation of magnetization through the mutual correlation between those ferroic orders. Such a concept of multiferroics may expand to semiconductor with both broken symmetries of spatial inversion and time reversal, that is, polar ferromagnetic semiconductors. Here, we report the observation of current-driven magnetization switching in one such example, (Ge,Mn)Te thin films. The ferromagnetism caused by Mn doping opens an exchange gap in original massless Dirac band of the polar semiconductor GeTe with Rashba-type spin-split bands. The anomalous Hall conductivity is enhanced with increasing hole carrier density, indicating that the contribution of the Berry phase is maximized as the Fermi level approaches the exchange gap. By means of pulse-current injection, the electrical switching of the magnetization is observed in the (Ge,Mn)Te thin films as thick as 200 nm, pointing to the Rashba-Edelstein effect of bulk origin. The efficiency of this effect strongly depends on the Fermi-level position owing to the efficient spin accumulation at around the gap. The magnetic bulk Rashba system will be a promising platform for exploring the functional correlations among electric polarization, magnetization, and current.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Yoshimi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - K. Yasuda
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - A. Tsukazaki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - K. S. Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - M. Kawasaki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Y. Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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35
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Sunami K, Nishikawa T, Miyagawa K, Horiuchi S, Kato R, Miyamoto T, Okamoto H, Kanoda K. Evidence for solitonic spin excitations from a charge-lattice-coupled ferroelectric order. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaau7725. [PMID: 30515457 PMCID: PMC6269158 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Topological defects have been explored in different fields ranging from condensed matter physics and particle physics to cosmology. In condensed matter, strong coupling between charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom brings about emergent excitations with topological characteristics at low energies. One-dimensional (1D) systems with degenerate dimerization patterns are typical stages for the generation of topological defects, dubbed "solitons"; for instance, charged solitons are responsible for high electrical conductivity in doped trans-polyacetylene. Here, we provide evidence based on a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study for mobile spin solitons deconfined from a strongly charge-lattice-coupled spin-singlet ferroelectric order in a quasi-1D organic charge-transfer complex. The NMR spectral shift and relaxation rate associated with static and dynamic spin susceptibilities indicate that the ferroelectric order is violated by dilute solitonic spin excitations, which were further demonstrated to move diffusively by the frequency dependence of the relaxation rate. The traveling solitons revealed here may promise the emergence of anomalous electrical and thermal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sunami
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - T. Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - K. Miyagawa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - S. Horiuchi
- Flexible Electronics Research Center (FLEC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - R. Kato
- Condensed Molecular Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T. Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - H. Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of AIST, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
| | - K. Kanoda
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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36
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Ohnishi N, Zhang L, Sakamoto W. VIPP1 Involved in Chloroplast Membrane Integrity Has GTPase Activity in Vitro. Plant Physiol 2018; 177:328-338. [PMID: 29622686 PMCID: PMC5933125 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
VESICLE-INDUCING PROTEIN IN PLASTID1 (VIPP1) is conserved among oxygenic photosynthetic organisms and appears to have diverged from the bacterial PspA protein. VIPP1 localizes to the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane, where it forms homooligomers of high molecular mass. Although multiple roles of VIPP1 have been inferred, including thylakoid membrane formation, envelope maintenance, membrane fusion, and regulation of photosynthetic activity, its precise role in chloroplast membrane quality control remains unknown. VIPP1 forms an oligomer through its amino-terminal domain and triggers membrane fusion in an Mg2+-dependent manner. We previously demonstrated that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) VIPP1 also exhibits dynamic complex disassembly in response to osmotic and heat stresses in vivo. These results suggest that VIPP1 mediates membrane fusion/remodeling in chloroplasts. Considering that protein machines that regulate intracellular membrane fusion/remodeling events often require a capacity for GTP binding and/or hydrolysis, we questioned whether VIPP1 has similar properties. We conducted an in vitro assay using a purified VIPP1-His fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli cells. VIPP1-His showed GTP hydrolysis activity that was inhibited competitively by an unhydrolyzable GTP analog, GTPγS, and that depends on GTP binding. It is particularly interesting that the ancestral PspA from E. coli also possesses GTP hydrolysis activity. Although VIPP1 does not contain a canonical G domain, the amino-terminal α-helix was found to be important for both GTP binding and GTP hydrolysis as well as for oligomer formation. Collectively, our results reveal that the properties of VIPP1/PspA are similar to those of GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Ohnishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Lingang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
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37
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Terahara N, Inoue Y, Kodera N, Morimoto YV, Uchihashi T, Imada K, Ando T, Namba K, Minamino T. Insight into structural remodeling of the FlhA ring responsible for bacterial flagellar type III protein export. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaao7054. [PMID: 29707633 PMCID: PMC5916509 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao7054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial flagellum is a supramolecular motility machine. Flagellar assembly begins with the basal body, followed by the hook and finally the filament. A carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of FlhA (FlhAC) forms a nonameric ring structure in the flagellar type III protein export apparatus and coordinates flagellar protein export with assembly. However, the mechanism of this process remains unknown. We report that a flexible linker of FlhAC (FlhAL) is required not only for FlhAC ring formation but also for substrate specificity switching of the protein export apparatus from the hook protein to the filament protein upon completion of the hook structure. FlhAL was required for cooperative ring formation of FlhAC. Alanine substitutions of residues involved in FlhAC ring formation interfered with the substrate specificity switching, thereby inhibiting filament assembly at the hook tip. These observations lead us to propose a mechanistic model for export switching involving structural remodeling of FlhAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Terahara
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yumi Inoue
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke V. Morimoto
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imada
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Keiichi Namba
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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38
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Ishizuka H, Nagaosa N. Spin chirality induced skew scattering and anomalous Hall effect in chiral magnets. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaap9962. [PMID: 29487909 PMCID: PMC5819897 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Noncoplanar magnetic orders in magnetic metals give rise to an anomalous Hall effect of unconventional origin, which, by the spin Berry phase effect, is known as the topological Hall effect. This effect is pronounced in the low-temperature limit, where the fluctuation of spins is suppressed. In contrast, we here discuss that the fluctuating but locally correlated spins close to the phase boundary give rise to another anomalous Hall effect, that with the opposite sign to the topological Hall effect. Using the Born approximation, we show that the anomalous Hall effect is attributed to the skew scattering induced by the local correlation of spins. The relation of the scalar spin chirality to the skew scattering amplitude is given, and the explicit formula for the Hall conductivity is derived using a semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. Our theory potentially accounts for the sign change of the anomalous Hall effect observed in chiral magnets in the vicinity of the phase boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ishizuka
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagaosa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Ueda M, Matsui A, Tanaka M, Nakamura T, Abe T, Sako K, Sasaki T, Kim JM, Ito A, Nishino N, Shimada H, Yoshida M, Seki M. The Distinct Roles of Class I and II RPD3-Like Histone Deacetylases in Salinity Stress Response. Plant Physiol 2017; 175:1760-1773. [PMID: 29018096 PMCID: PMC5717743 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is an essential process in the epigenetic regulation of diverse biological processes, including environmental stress responses in plants. Previously, our research group identified a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (HDI) that confers salt tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this study, we demonstrate that class I HDAC (HDA19) and class II HDACs (HDA5/14/15/18) control responses to salt stress through different pathways. The screening of 12 different selective HDIs indicated that seven newly reported HDIs enhance salt tolerance. Genetic analysis, based on a pharmacological study, identified which HDACs function in salinity stress tolerance. In the wild-type Columbia-0 background, hda19 plants exhibit tolerance to high-salinity stress, while hda5/14/15/18 plants exhibit hypersensitivity to salt stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the effect of HDA19 deficiency on the response to salinity stress is distinct from that of HDA5/14/15/18 deficiencies. In hda19 plants, the expression levels of stress tolerance-related genes, late embryogenesis abundant proteins that prevent protein aggregation and positive regulators such as ABI5 and NAC019 in abscisic acid signaling, were induced strongly relative to the wild type. Neither of these elements was up-regulated in the hda5/14/15/18 plants. The mutagenesis of HDA19 by genome editing in the hda5/14/15/18 plants enhanced salt tolerance, suggesting that suppression of HDA19 masks the phenotype caused by the suppression of class II HDACs in the salinity stress response. Collectively, our results demonstrate that HDIs that inhibit class I HDACs allow the rescue of plants from salinity stress regardless of their selectivity, and they provide insight into the hierarchal regulation of environmental stress responses through HDAC isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ueda
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoe Nakamura
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan
| | - Kaori Sako
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taku Sasaki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jong-Myong Kim
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Norikazu Nishino
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan
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Ikeda F, Shikata K, Hata J, Fukuhara M, Hirakawa Y, Ohara T, Mukai N, Nagata M, Yoshida D, Yonemoto K, Esaki M, Kitazono T, Kiyohara Y, Ninomiya T. Combination of Helicobacter pylori Antibody and Serum Pepsinogen as a Good Predictive Tool of Gastric Cancer Incidence: 20-Year Prospective Data From the Hisayama Study. J Epidemiol 2016; 26:629-636. [PMID: 27265836 PMCID: PMC5121431 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little information regarding whether the combination of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibody and serum pepsinogen (sPG), which is a marker of the degree of atrophic gastritis, has a discriminatory ability for detecting incident gastric cancer. We examined this issue in a long-term prospective cohort study of a Japanese population. METHODS A total of 2446 Japanese community-dwelling individuals aged ≥40 years were stratified into four groups according to baseline H. pylori serological status and sPG: Group A (H. pylori[-], sPG[-]), Group B (H. pylori[+], sPG[-]), Group C (H. pylori[+], sPG[+]), and Group D (H. pylori[-], sPG[+]), and participants were followed up prospectively for 20 years. RESULTS During the follow-up, 123 subjects developed gastric cancer. Compared with that in Group A, the cumulative incidence of gastric cancer was significantly increased in Groups B, C, and D, whereas no significant difference was found between Groups C and D. The multivariable-adjusted risk of gastric cancer was significantly increased in Group B (hazard ratio [HR], 4.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-10.28) and in Groups C and D combined (HR 11.1; 95% CI, 4.45-27.46). When the multivariable model with H. pylori antibody was changed into that with the combination of H. pylori antibody and sPG, the C statistics for developing gastric cancer increased significantly (0.773 vs 0.732, P = 0.005), and the continuous net reclassification improvement value was 0.591 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the combination of H. pylori antibody and sPG is a useful tool for predicting the development of gastric cancer.
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Amadatsu T, Morinaga J, Kawano T, Terada K, Kadomatsu T, Miyata K, Endo M, Kasamo D, Kuratsu JI, Oike Y. Macrophage-Derived Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2 Exacerbates Brain Damage by Accelerating Acute Inflammation after Ischemia-Reperfusion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166285. [PMID: 27861531 PMCID: PMC5115716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Several reports suggest that acute inflammation after ischemia-reperfusion exacerbates brain damage; however, molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Here, we report that MAC-3-positive immune cells, including infiltrating bone marrow-derived macrophages and activated microglia, express abundant angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) 2 in ischemic mouse brain in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Both neurological deficits and infarct volume decreased in transient MCAO model mice established in Angptl2 knockout (KO) relative to wild-type mice. Acute brain inflammation after ischemia-reperfusion, as estimated by expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α, was significantly suppressed in Angptl2 KO compared to control mice. Moreover, analysis employing bone marrow chimeric models using Angptl2 KO and wild-type mice revealed that infiltrated bone marrow-derived macrophages secreting ANGPTL2 significantly contribute to acute brain injury seen after ischemia-reperfusion. These studies demonstrate that infiltrating bone marrow-derived macrophages promote inflammation and injury in affected brain areas after ischemia-reperfusion, likely via ANGPTL2 secretion in the acute phase of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Amadatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate school of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
| | - Jun Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate school of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
| | - Kazutoyo Terada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate school of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate school of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
| | - Keishi Miyata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate school of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Endo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate school of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
| | - Daiki Kasamo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate school of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kuratsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate school of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860–8556, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kuniyoshi Y, Maehara K, Iwasaki T, Hayashi M, Semba Y, Fujita M, Sato Y, Kimura H, Harada A, Ohkawa Y. Identification of Immunoglobulin Gene Sequences from a Small Read Number of mRNA-Seq Using Hybridomas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165473. [PMID: 27788226 PMCID: PMC5082856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of immunoglobulin genes in hybridomas is essential for producing antibodies for research and clinical applications. A couple of methods such as RACE and degenerative PCR have been developed for determination of the Igh and Igl/Igk coding sequences (CDSs) but it has been difficult to process a number of hybridomas both with accuracy and rapidness. Here, we propose a new strategy for antibody sequence determination by mRNA-seq of hybridomas. We demonstrated that hybridomas highly expressed the Igh and Igl/Igk genes and that de novo transcriptome assembly using mRNA-seq data enabled identification of the CDS of both Igh and Igl/Igk accurately. Furthermore, we estimated that only 30,000 sequenced reads are required to identify immunoglobulin sequences from four different hybridoma clones. Thus, our approach would facilitate determining variable CDSs drastically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kuniyoshi
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Maehara
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hayashi
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Semba
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Umehara H, Numata S, Tajima A, Nishi A, Nakataki M, Imoto I, Sumitani S, Ohmori T. Calcium Signaling Pathway Is Associated with the Long-Term Clinical Response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) and SSRI with Antipsychotics in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157232. [PMID: 27281126 PMCID: PMC4900663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are established first-line pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), while antipsychotics are used as an augmentation strategy for SSRI in OCD patients who have either no response or a partial response to SSRI treatment. The goal of the present study was to identify genetic variants and pathways that are associated with the long-term clinical response of OCD patients to SSRI or SSRI with antipsychotics. Methods We first performed a genome-wide association study of 96 OCD patients to examine genetic variants contributing to the response to SSRI or SSRI with antipsychotics. Subsequently, we conducted pathway-based analyses by using Improved Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for Genome-wide Association Study (i-GSEA4GWAS) to examine the combined effects of genetic variants on the clinical response in OCD. Results While we failed to detect specific genetic variants associated with clinical responses to SSRI or to SSRI with an atypical antipsychotic at genome-wide levels of significance, we identified 8 enriched pathways for the SSRI treatment response and 5 enriched pathways for the treatment response to SSRI with an antipsychotic medication. Notably, the calcium signaling pathway was identified in both treatment responses. Conclusions Our results provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the variability in clinical response to SSRI and SSRI with antipsychotics in OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Umehara
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Nishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahito Nakataki
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satsuki Sumitani
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of support for students with special needs, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Toyoshima Y, Tokunaga T, Hirose O, Kanamori M, Teramoto T, Jang MS, Kuge S, Ishihara T, Yoshida R, Iino Y. Accurate Automatic Detection of Densely Distributed Cell Nuclei in 3D Space. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004970. [PMID: 27271939 PMCID: PMC4894571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To measure the activity of neurons using whole-brain activity imaging, precise detection of each neuron or its nucleus is required. In the head region of the nematode C. elegans, the neuronal cell bodies are distributed densely in three-dimensional (3D) space. However, no existing computational methods of image analysis can separate them with sufficient accuracy. Here we propose a highly accurate segmentation method based on the curvatures of the iso-intensity surfaces. To obtain accurate positions of nuclei, we also developed a new procedure for least squares fitting with a Gaussian mixture model. Combining these methods enables accurate detection of densely distributed cell nuclei in a 3D space. The proposed method was implemented as a graphical user interface program that allows visualization and correction of the results of automatic detection. Additionally, the proposed method was applied to time-lapse 3D calcium imaging data, and most of the nuclei in the images were successfully tracked and measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Toyoshima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumasa Tokunaga
- Department of Systems Design and Informatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Hirose
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Manami Kanamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Teramoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Moon Sun Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kuge
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Igarashi H, Koizumi K, Kaneko R, Ikeda K, Egawa R, Yanagawa Y, Muramatsu SI, Onimaru H, Ishizuka T, Yawo H. A Novel Reporter Rat Strain That Conditionally Expresses the Bright Red Fluorescent Protein tdTomato. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155687. [PMID: 27195805 PMCID: PMC4873025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the strength of the Cre/loxP recombination system in animal models, its application in rats trails that in mice because of the lack of relevant reporter strains. Here, we generated a floxed STOP tdTomato rat that conditionally expresses a red fluorescent protein variant (tdTomato) in the presence of exogenous Cre recombinase. The tdTomato signal vividly visualizes neurons including their projection fibers and spines without any histological enhancement. In addition, a transgenic rat line (FLAME) that ubiquitously expresses tdTomato was successfully established by injecting intracytoplasmic Cre mRNA into fertilized ova. Our rat reporter system will facilitate connectome studies as well as the visualization of the fine structures of genetically identified cells for long periods both in vivo and ex vivo. Furthermore, FLAME is an ideal model for organ transplantation research owing to improved traceability of cells/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Igarashi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tohoku University Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyo Koizumi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Bioresource center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Egawa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onimaru
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ishizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Abstract
Prior results on the spatial integration of layouts within a room differed regarding the reference frame that participants used for integration. We asked whether these differences also occur when integrating 2D screen views and, if so, what the reasons for this might be. In four experiments we showed that integrating reference frames varied as a function of task familiarity combined with processing time, cues for spatial transformation, and information about action requirements paralleling results in the 3D case. Participants saw part of an object layout in screen 1, another part in screen 2, and reacted on the integrated layout in screen 3. Layout presentations between two screens coincided or differed in orientation. Aligning misaligned screens for integration is known to increase errors/latencies. The error/latency pattern was thus indicative of the reference frame used for integration. We showed that task familiarity combined with self-paced learning, visual updating, and knowing from where to act prioritized the integration within the reference frame of the initial presentation, which was updated later, and from where participants acted respectively. Participants also heavily relied on layout intrinsic frames. The results show how humans flexibly adjust their integration strategy to a wide variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Meilinger
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department for Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsumi Watanabe
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Intermedia Art and Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kato A, Use K, Takatani N, Ikeda K, Matsuura M, Kojima K, Aichi M, Maeda SI, Omata T. Modulation of the balance of fatty acid production and secretion is crucial for enhancement of growth and productivity of the engineered mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. Biotechnol Biofuels 2016; 9:91. [PMID: 27110287 PMCID: PMC4841976 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the three model cyanobacterial species that have been used for engineering a system for photosynthetic production of free fatty acids (FFAs), Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 has been the least successful; the FFA-excreting mutants constructed from this strain could attain lower rates of FFA excretion and lower final FFA concentrations than the mutants constructed from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Synechococcus sp. PCC7002. It has been suggested that S. elongatus PCC7942 cells suffer from toxicity of FFA, but the cause of the low productivity has remained to be determined. RESULTS By modulating the expression level of the acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase and raising the light intensity during cultivation, FFA secretion rates comparable to those obtained with the other cyanobacterial species were attained with an engineered Synechococcus elongatus mutant (dAS1T). The final FFA concentration in the external medium was also higher than previously reported for other S. elongatus mutants. However, about 85 % of the total FFA in the culture was found to remain in the cells, causing severe photoinhibition. Targeted inactivation of the wzt gene in dAS1T, which gene manipulation was previously shown to result in loss of the hydrophilic O-antigen layer on the cell surface, increased FFA secretion, alleviated photoinhibition, and lead to 50 and 45 % increase in the final cell density and the total amount of FFA in the culture (i.e., the sum of the cellular and extracellular FFA), respectively. The average rate of production of total FFA by the culture of the ∆wzt strain was 2.7 mg L(-1) h(-1), being five times higher than those reported for Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and comparable to the rates of triacylglycerol production in green algae. CONCLUSION Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 has larger capacity of FFA production than Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 but accumulates most of the product in the cell because of the imbalance of the rates of FFA production and secretion. This causes severe photoinhibition and exerts adverse effects on cell growth and FFA productivity. Enhancement of FFA secretion would be required to fully exploiting the capacity of FFA production for the purpose of biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kato
- />Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Kazuhide Use
- />Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takatani
- />Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- />Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- />Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052 Japan
- />Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
- />Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Miyuki Matsuura
- />Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Kouji Kojima
- />Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- />Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Aichi
- />Department of Biological Chemistry, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501 Japan
- />Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Maeda
- />Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- />Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Omata
- />Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- />Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
- />Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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