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Zhan D, Liu Y, Yu N, Hao C. Photosynthetic response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 to zinc toxicity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383360. [PMID: 38650883 PMCID: PMC11033396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element but can lead to water contamination and ecological deterioration when present in excessive amounts. Therefore, investigating the photosynthetic response of microalgae to Zn stress is of great significance. In this study, we assessed the photosynthetic responses of neutrophilic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and acidophilic Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 to Zn exposure for 96 h. The specific growth rate (μ), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. The results demonstrated that Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 was much more tolerant to Zn than C. reinhardtii, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 225.4 mg/L and 23.4 mg/L, respectively. The μ and Chl-a content of C. reinhardtii decreased in the presence of 15 mg/L Zn, whereas those of Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 were unaffected by as high as 100 mg/L Zn. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters indicated that the regulation of energy dissipation, including non-photochemical quenching, played a crucial role in Zn stress resistance for both Chlamydomonas strains. However, in the case of C. reinhardtii, non-photochemical quenching was inhibited by 5 mg/L Zn in the first 48 h, whereas for Chlamydomonas sp. 1710, it remained unaffected under 100 mg/L Zn. Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 also exhibited a 20 times stronger capacity for regulating the electron transfer rate than C. reinhardtii under Zn stress. The light energy utilization efficiency (α) of Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 had the most highly non-linear correlation with μ, indicating the energy utilization and regulation process of Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 was well protected under Zn stress. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the photosystem of Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 is much more resilient and tolerant than that of C. reinhardtii under Zn stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhan
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yu
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
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Isanta-Navarro J, Peoples LM, Bras B, Church MJ, Elser JJ. Elemental and macromolecular plasticity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) in response to resource limitation and growth rate. J Phycol 2024; 60:418-431. [PMID: 38196398 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
With the ongoing differential disruption of the biogeochemical cycles of major elements that are essential for all life (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), organisms are increasingly faced with a heterogenous supply of these elements in nature. Given that photosynthetic primary producers form the base of aquatic food webs, impacts of changed elemental supply on these organisms are particularly important. One way that phytoplankton cope with the differential availability of nutrients is through physiological changes, resulting in plasticity in macromolecular and elemental biomass composition. Here, we assessed how the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adjusts its macromolecular (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) and elemental (C, N, and P) biomass pools in response to changes in growth rate and the modification of resources (nutrients and light). We observed that Chlamydomonas exhibits considerable plasticity in elemental composition (e.g., molar ratios ranging from 124 to 971 for C:P, 4.5 to 25.9 for C:N, and 15.1 to 61.2 for N:P) under all tested conditions, pointing to the adaptive potential of Chlamydomonas in a changing environment. Exposure to low light modified the elemental and macromolecular composition of cells differently than limitation by nutrients. These observed differences, with potential consequences for higher trophic levels, included smaller cells, shifts in C:N and C:P ratios (due to proportionally greater N and P contents), and differential allocation of C among macromolecular pools (proportionally more lipids than carbohydrates) with different energetic value. However, substantial pools of N and P remained unaccounted for, especially at fast growth, indicating accumulation of N and P in forms we did not measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Isanta-Navarro
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Logan M Peoples
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Benedicta Bras
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Matthew J Church
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - James J Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
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Findinier J, Joubert LM, Schmid MF, Malkovskiy A, Chiu W, Burlacot A, Grossman AR. Dramatic Changes in Mitochondrial Subcellular Location and Morphology Accompany Activation of the CO 2 Concentrating Mechanism. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.25.586705. [PMID: 38585955 PMCID: PMC10996633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in intracellular ultrastructure can be critical for the ability of organisms to acclimate to environmental conditions. Microalgae, which are responsible for ~50% of global photosynthesis, compartmentalize their Rubisco into a specialized structure known as the pyrenoid when the cells experience limiting CO2 conditions; this compartmentalization appears to be a component of the CO2 Concentrating Mechanism (CCM), which facilitates photosynthetic CO2 fixation as environmental levels of inorganic carbon (Ci) decline. Changes in the spatial distribution of mitochondria in green algae have also been observed under CO2 limiting conditions, although a role for this reorganization in CCM function remains unclear. We used the green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to monitor changes in the position and ultrastructure of mitochondrial membranes as cells transition between high CO2 (HC) and Low/Very Low CO2 (LC/VLC). Upon transferring cells to VLC, the mitochondria move from a central to a peripheral location, become wedged between the plasma membrane and chloroplast envelope, and mitochondrial membranes orient in parallel tubular arrays that extend from the cell's apex to its base. We show that these ultrastructural changes require protein and RNA synthesis, occur within 90 min of shifting cells to VLC conditions, correlate with CCM induction and are regulated by the CCM master regulator CIA5. The apico-basal orientation of the mitochondrial membrane, but not the movement of the mitochondrion to the cell periphery, is dependent on microtubules and the MIRO1 protein, which is involved in membrane-microtubule interactions. Furthermore, blocking mitochondrial electron transport in VLC acclimated cells reduces the cell's affinity for inorganic carbon. Overall, our results suggest that CIA5-dependent mitochondrial repositioning/reorientation functions in integrating cellular architecture and energetics with CCM activities and invite further exploration of how intracellular architecture can impact fitness under dynamic environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Findinier
- The Carnegie Institution for Science, Biosphere Sciences & Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lydia-Marie Joubert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michael F. Schmid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Andrey Malkovskiy
- The Carnegie Institution for Science, Biosphere Sciences & Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford University, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adrien Burlacot
- The Carnegie Institution for Science, Biosphere Sciences & Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford University, Biology Department, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arthur R. Grossman
- The Carnegie Institution for Science, Biosphere Sciences & Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford University, Biology Department, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Fueki S, Kaneko T, Matsuki H, Hashimoto Y, Yoshida M, Isu A, Wakabayashi KI, Yoshimura K. Temperature-dependent augmentation of ciliary motility by the TRP2 channel in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38426808 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is a critical factor for living organisms. Many microorganisms migrate toward preferable temperatures, and this behavior is called thermotaxis. In this study, the molecular and physiological bases for thermotaxis are examined in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A mutant with knockout of a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, trp2-3, showed defective thermotaxis. The swimming velocity and ciliary beat frequency of wild-type Chlamydomonas increase with temperature; however, this temperature-dependent enhancement of motility was almost absent in the trp2-3 mutant. Wild-type Chlamydomonas showed negative thermotaxis, but mutants deficient in the outer or inner dynein arm showed positive thermotaxis and a defect in temperature-dependent increase in swimming velocity, suggesting involvement of both dynein arms in thermotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Fueki
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taro Kaneko
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruka Matsuki
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Megumi Yoshida
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Isu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Yoshimura
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
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Luxmi R, King SM. Cilia Provide a Platform for the Generation, Regulated Secretion, and Reception of Peptidergic Signals. Cells 2024; 13:303. [PMID: 38391915 PMCID: PMC10886904 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based cellular projections that act as motile, sensory, and secretory organelles. These structures receive information from the environment and transmit downstream signals to the cell body. Cilia also release vesicular ectosomes that bud from the ciliary membrane and carry an array of bioactive enzymes and peptide products. Peptidergic signals represent an ancient mode of intercellular communication, and in metazoans are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and various other physiological processes and responses. Numerous peptide receptors, subtilisin-like proteases, the peptide-amidating enzyme, and bioactive amidated peptide products have been localized to these organelles. In this review, we detail how cilia serve as specialized signaling organelles and act as a platform for the regulated processing and secretion of peptidergic signals. We especially focus on the processing and trafficking pathways by which a peptide precursor from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is converted into an amidated bioactive product-a chemotactic modulator-and released from cilia in ectosomes. Biochemical dissection of this complex ciliary secretory pathway provides a paradigm for understanding cilia-based peptidergic signaling in mammals and other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M. King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA;
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Plummer SM, Plummer MA, Merkel PA, Waidner LA. Using directed evolution to improve hydrogen production in chimeric hydrogenases from algal species. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110349. [PMID: 37984199 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Algae generate hydrogen from sunlight and water utilizing high-energy electrons generated during photosynthesis. The amount of hydrogen produced in heterologous expression of the wild-type hydrogenase is currently insufficient for industrial applications. One approach to improve hydrogen yields is through directed evolution of the DNA of the native hydrogenase. Here, we created 113 chimeric algal hydrogenase gene variants derived from combining segments of three parent hydrogenases, two from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrHydA1 and CrHydA2) and one from Scenedesmus obliquus (HydA1). To generate chimeras, there were seven segments into which each of the parent hydrogenase genes was divided and recombined in a variety of combinations. The chimeric and parental hydrogenase sequences were cloned for heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, and 40 of the resultant enzymes expressed were assayed for H2 production. Chimeric clones that resulted in equal or greater production obtained with the cloned CrHydA1 parent hydrogenase were those comprised of CrHydA1 sequence in segments #1, 2, 3, and/or 4. These best-performing chimeras all contained one common region, segment #2, the part of the sequence known to contain important amino acids involved in proton transfer or hydrogen cluster coordination. The amino acid sequence distances among all chimeric clones to that of the CrHydA1 parent were determined, and the relationship between sequence distances and experimentally-derived H2 production was evaluated. An additional model determined the correlation between electrostatic potential energy surface area ratios and H2 production. The model yielded several algal mutants with predicted hydrogen productions in a range of two to three times that of the wild-type hydrogenase. The mutant data and the model can now be used to predict which specific mutant sequences may result in even higher hydrogen yields. Overall, results provide more precise details in planning future directed evolution to functionally improve algal hydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia A Merkel
- H2OPE Biofuels LLC, Greenwood Village, CO, USA; Children's Hospital, 3123 East 16th Avenue, B518, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lisa A Waidner
- H2OPE Biofuels LLC, Greenwood Village, CO, USA; University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL USA.
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7
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Morita R, Shigeta Y, Harada R. Latrunculin resistance mechanism of non-conventional actin NAP1 uncovered by molecular dynamics simulations. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:143-150. [PMID: 37815120 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Monomeric G-actin polymerizes into F-actin to perform various cellular functions. Actin depolymerization drugs, such as latrunculin-A (Lat-A), inhibit filament formation and disrupt the cytoskeleton. Interestingly, the green algae Chlamydomonas alternatively produces a non-conventional actin, NAP1, that responds to inhibition by latrunculin. However, the molecular mechanism underlying latrunculin resistance of NAP1 remains unclear because of the difficulty due to its low in vitro polymerizability. Instead of biochemical experiments, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate whether NAP1 has a lower affinity for Lat-A than the conventional actins. Our phylogenetic comparison of the binding free energies shows that Lat-A is evolutionarily optimized for skeletal muscles. By decomposing the binding free energy into each amino acid residue, we found that some residues in NAP1 play an important role in latrunculin resistance, suggesting that the primary mechanism of latrunculin resistance is the loss of affinity for Lat-A due to substitutions. In conclusion, our binding-free-energy calculations using MD simulations provide the critical insight that loss of affinity is the direct mechanism of latrunculin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuri Morita
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Harada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sakato-Antoku M, Patel-King RS, Balsbaugh JL, King SM. Methylation of ciliary dynein motors involves the essential cytosolic assembly factor DNAAF3/PF22. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318522121. [PMID: 38261620 PMCID: PMC10835030 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318522121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Axonemal dynein motors drive ciliary motility and can consist of up to twenty distinct components with a combined mass of ~2 MDa. In mammals, failure of dyneins to assemble within the axonemal superstructure leads to primary ciliary dyskinesia. Syndromic phenotypes include infertility, rhinitis, severe bronchial conditions, and situs inversus. Nineteen specific cytosolic factors (Dynein Axonemal Assembly Factors; DNAAFs) are necessary for axonemal dynein assembly, although the detailed mechanisms involved remain very unclear. Here, we identify the essential assembly factor DNAAF3 as a structural ortholog of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. We demonstrate that dynein heavy chains, especially those forming the ciliary outer arms, are methylated on key residues within various nucleotide-binding sites and on microtubule-binding domain helices directly involved in the transition to low binding affinity. These variable modifications, which are generally missing in a Chlamydomonas null mutant for the DNAAF3 ortholog PF22 (DAB1), likely impact on motor mechanochemistry fine-tuning the activities of individual dynein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Sakato-Antoku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3305
| | - Ramila S Patel-King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3305
| | - Jeremy L Balsbaugh
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Center for Open Research Resources & Equipment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Stephen M King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3305
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Atkinson N, Stringer R, Mitchell SR, Seung D, McCormick AJ. SAGA1 and SAGA2 promote starch formation around proto-pyrenoids in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311013121. [PMID: 38241434 PMCID: PMC10823261 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311013121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The pyrenoid is a chloroplastic microcompartment in which most algae and some terrestrial plants condense the primary carboxylase, Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) as part of a CO2-concentrating mechanism that improves the efficiency of CO2 capture. Engineering a pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanism (pCCM) into C3 crop plants is a promising strategy to enhance yield capacities and resilience to the changing climate. Many pyrenoids are characterized by a sheath of starch plates that is proposed to act as a barrier to limit CO2 diffusion. Recently, we have reconstituted a phase-separated "proto-pyrenoid" Rubisco matrix in the model C3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana using proteins from the alga with the most well-studied pyrenoid, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [N. Atkinson, Y. Mao, K. X. Chan, A. J. McCormick, Nat. Commun. 11, 6303 (2020)]. Here, we describe the impact of introducing the Chlamydomonas proteins StArch Granules Abnormal 1 (SAGA1) and SAGA2, which are associated with the regulation of pyrenoid starch biogenesis and morphology. We show that SAGA1 localizes to the proto-pyrenoid in engineered Arabidopsis plants, which results in the formation of atypical spherical starch granules enclosed within the proto-pyrenoid condensate and adjacent plate-like granules that partially cover the condensate, but without modifying the total amount of chloroplastic starch accrued. Additional expression of SAGA2 further increases the proportion of starch synthesized as adjacent plate-like granules that fully encircle the proto-pyrenoid. Our findings pave the way to assembling a diffusion barrier as part of a functional pCCM in vascular plants, while also advancing our understanding of the roles of SAGA1 and SAGA2 in starch sheath formation and broadening the avenues for engineering starch morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Atkinson
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre of Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Rhea Stringer
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Mitchell
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - David Seung
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J. McCormick
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre of Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
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Hwang J, Yanagisawa H, Davis KC, Hunter EL, Fox LA, Jimenez AR, Goodwin RE, Gordon SA, Stuart CDE, Bower R, Porter ME, Dutcher SK, Sale WS, Lechtreck KF, Alford LM. Assembly of FAP93 at the proximal axoneme in Chlamydomonas cilia. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38224153 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
To identify proteins specific to the proximal ciliary axoneme, we used iTRAQ to compare short (~2 μm) and full-length (~11 μm) axonemes of Chlamydomonas. Known compoents of the proximal axoneme such as minor dynein heavy chains and LF5 kinase as well as the ciliary tip proteins FAP256 (CEP104) and EB1 were enriched in short axonemes whereas proteins present along the length of the axoneme were of similar abundance in both samples. The iTRAQ analysis revealed that FAP93, a protein of unknown function, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are enriched in the short axonemes. Consistently, immunoblots show enrichment of FAP93 and PP2A in short axonemes and immunofluorescence confirms the localization of FAP93 and enrichment of PP2A at the proximal axoneme. Ciliary regeneration reveals that FAP93 assembles continuously but more slowly than other axonemal structures and terminates at 1.03 μm in steady-state axonemes. The length of FAP93 assembly correlates with ciliary length, demonstrating ciliary length-dependent assembly of FAP93. Dikaryon rescue experiments show that FAP93 can assemble independently of IFT transport. In addition, FRAP analysis of GFP-tagged FAP93 demonstrates that FAP93 is stably anchored in axoneme. FAP93 may function as a scaffold for assembly of other specific proteins at the proximal axoneme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Keira C Davis
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- College of Arts & Sciences, Clayton State University, Morrow, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily L Hunter
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Science Communication Group, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Laura A Fox
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ariana R Jimenez
- Division of Natural Sciences, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Reagan E Goodwin
- Division of Natural Sciences, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah A Gordon
- Division of Natural Sciences, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Raqual Bower
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary E Porter
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan K Dutcher
- Department of Genetics, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Winfield S Sale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karl F Lechtreck
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lea M Alford
- Division of Natural Sciences, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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11
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Yamamoto R, Kon T. Functional and structural significance of the inner-arm-dynein subspecies d in ciliary motility. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38214410 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Motile cilia play various important physiological roles in eukaryotic organisms including cell motility and fertility. Inside motile cilia, large motor-protein complexes called "ciliary dyneins" coordinate their activities and drive ciliary motility. The ciliary dyneins include the outer-arm dyneins, the double-headed inner-arm dynein (IDA f/I1), and several single-headed inner-arm dyneins (IDAs a, b, c, d, e, and g). Among these single-headed IDAs, one of the ciliary dyneins, IDA d, is of particular interest because of its unique properties and subunit composition. In addition, defects in this subspecies have recently been associated with several types of ciliopathies in humans, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagellum. In this mini-review, we discuss the composition, structure, and motor properties of IDA d, which have been studied in the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and further discuss the relationship between IDA d and human ciliopathies. In addition, we provide future perspectives and discuss remaining questions regarding this intriguing dynein subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahide Kon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Terentyev VV, Shukshina AK. CAH3 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Unique Carbonic Anhydrase of the Thylakoid Lumen. Cells 2024; 13:109. [PMID: 38247801 PMCID: PMC10814762 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CAH3 is the only carbonic anhydrase (CA) present in the thylakoid lumen of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The monomer of the enzyme has a molecular weight of ~29.5 kDa with high CA activity. Through its dehydration activity, CAH3 can be involved either in the carbon-concentrating mechanism supplying CO2 for RuBisCO in the pyrenoid or in supporting the maximal photosynthetic activity of photosystem II (PSII) by accelerating the removal of protons from the active center of the water-oxidizing complex. Both proposed roles are considered in this review, together with a description of the enzymatic parameters of native and recombinant CAH3, the crystal structure of the protein, and the possible use of lumenal CA as a tool for increasing biomass production in higher plants. The identified involvement of lumenal CAH3 in the function of PSII is still unique among green algae and higher plants and can be used to understand the mechanism(s) of the functional interconnection between PSII and the proposed CA(s) of the thylakoid lumen in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V. Terentyev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Beauchemin R, Merindol N, Fantino E, Lavoie P, Nouemssi SB, Meddeb-Mouelhi F, Desgagné-Penix I. Successful reversal of transgene silencing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300232. [PMID: 37975165 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been successfully engineered to produce compounds of interest following transgene integration and heterologous protein expression. The advantages of this model include the availability of validated tools for bioengineering, its photosynthetic ability, and its potential use as biofuel. Despite this, breakthroughs have been hindered by its ability to silence transgene expression through epigenetic changes. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are main players in gene expression. We hypothesized that transgene silencing can be reverted with chemical treatments using HDAC inhibitors. To analyze this, we transformed C. reinhardtii, integrating into its genome the mVenus reporter gene under the HSP70-rbcs2 promoter. From 384 transformed clones, 88 (22.9%) displayed mVenus positive (mVenus+ ) cells upon flow-cytometry analysis. Five clones with different fluorescence intensities were selected. The number of integrated copies was measured by qPCR. Transgene expression levels were followed over the growth cycle and upon SAHA treatment, using a microplate reader, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and western blot analysis. First, we observed that expression varies with the cell cycle, reaching a maximum level just before the stationary phase in all clones. Second, we uncovered that supplementation with HDAC inhibitors of the hydroxamate family, such as vorinostat (suberoylanilide-hydroxamic-acid, SAHA) at the initiation of culture increases the frequency (% of mVenus+ cells) and the level of transgene expression per cell over the whole growth cycle, through histone deacetylase inhibition. Thus, we propose a new tool to successfully trigger the expression of heterologous proteins in the green algae C. reinhardtii, overcoming its main obstacle as an expression platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Beauchemin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Natacha Merindol
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisa Fantino
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Pamela Lavoie
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Basile Nouemssi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Fatma Meddeb-Mouelhi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Plant Biology Research Group, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Maeda AE, Muranaka T, Nakamichi N, Oyama T, Dodd AN. Complexities, similarities, and differences in circadian regulation in the green lineage: A session concerning circadian regulation in unpredictable environments, at the 33rd International Conference of Arabidopsis Research, Makuhari Messe, Chiba, Japan, 5-9 June 2023. New Phytol 2024; 241:28-31. [PMID: 37823209 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akari E Maeda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Muranaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Norihito Nakamichi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tokitaka Oyama
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Antony N Dodd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7RU, UK
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Tamaki S, Shinomura T, Mochida K. Illuminating the diversity of carotenoids in microalgal eyespots and phototaxis. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2257348. [PMID: 37724547 PMCID: PMC10512927 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2257348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms biosynthesize various carotenoids, a group of light-absorbing isoprenoid pigments that have key functions in photosynthesis, photoprotection, and phototaxis. Microalgae, in particular, contain diverse carotenoids and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways as a consequence of the various endosymbiotic events in their evolutionary history. Carotenoids such as astaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, and fucoxanthin are unique to algae. In microalgae, carotenoids are concentrated in the eyespot, a pigmented organelle that is important for phototaxis. A wide range of microalgae, including chlorophytes, euglenophytes, ochrophytes, and haptophytes, have an eyespot. In the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, carotenoid layers in the eyespot reflect light to amplify the photosignal and shield photoreceptors from light, thereby enabling precise phototaxis. Our recent research revealed that, in contrast to the β-carotene-rich eyespot of C. reinhardtii, the euglenophyte Euglena gracilis relies on zeaxanthin for stable eyespot formation and phototaxis. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in the study of eyespot carotenoids and phototaxis in these microalgae, placing special emphasis on the diversity of carotenoid-dependent visual systems among microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shinomura
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Microalgae Resource Upcycling Research Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Poirier M, Osmers P, Wilkins K, Morgan-Kiss RM, Cvetkovska M. Aberrant light sensing and motility in the green alga Chlamydomonas priscuii from the ice-covered Antarctic Lake Bonney. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2184588. [PMID: 38126947 PMCID: PMC10012900 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2184588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic green alga Chlamydomonas priscuii is an obligate psychrophile and an emerging model for photosynthetic adaptation to extreme conditions. Endemic to the ice-covered Lake Bonney, this alga thrives at highly unusual light conditions characterized by very low light irradiance (<15 μmol m-2 s-1), a narrow wavelength spectrum enriched in blue light, and an extreme photoperiod. Genome sequencing of C. priscuii exposed an unusually large genome, with hundreds of highly similar gene duplicates and expanded gene families, some of which could be aiding its survival in extreme conditions. In contrast to the described expansion in the genetic repertoire in C. priscuii, here we suggest that the gene family encoding for photoreceptors is reduced when compared to related green algae. This alga also possesses a very small eyespot and exhibits an aberrant phototactic response, compared to the model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We also investigated the genome and behavior of the closely related psychrophilic alga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-MDV, that is found throughout the photic zone of Lake Bonney and is naturally exposed to higher light levels. Our analyses revealed a photoreceptor gene family and a robust phototactic response similar to those in the model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These results suggest that the aberrant phototactic response in C. priscuii is a result of life under extreme shading rather than a common feature of all psychrophilic algae. We discuss the implications of these results on the evolution and survival of shade adapted polar algae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pomona Osmers
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, OH, Canada
| | - Kieran Wilkins
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, OH, Canada
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Torres MJ, Fakhimi N, Dubini A, González-Ballester D. Stenotrophomonas goyi sp. nov., a novel bacterium associated with the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. F1000Res 2023; 12:1373. [PMID: 38021406 PMCID: PMC10682605 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134978.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A culture of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was accidentally contaminated with three different bacteria in our laboratory facilities. This contaminated alga culture showed increased algal biohydrogen production. These three bacteria were independently isolated. Methods The chromosomic DNA of one of the isolated bacteria was extracted and sequenced using PacBio technology. Tentative genome annotation (RAST server) and phylogenetic trees analysis (TYGS server) were conducted. Diverse growth tests were assayed for the bacterium and for the alga-bacterium consortium. Results Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the bacterium is a novel member of the Stenotrophomonas genus that has been termed in this work as S. goyi sp. nov. A fully sequenced genome (4,487,389 base pairs) and its tentative annotation (4,147 genes) are provided. The genome information suggests that S. goyi sp. nov. is unable to use sulfate and nitrate as sulfur and nitrogen sources, respectively. Growth tests have confirmed the dependence on the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. S. goyi sp. nov. and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can establish a mutualistic relationship when cocultured together. Conclusions S. goyi sp. nov. could be of interest for the design of biotechnological approaches based on the use of artificial microalgae-bacteria multispecies consortia that take advantage of the complementary metabolic capacities of their different microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesus Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Córdoba, Andalusia, 14071, Spain
| | - Neda Fakhimi
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Córdoba, Andalusia, 14071, Spain
- Carnegie Institution for Science Department of Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra Dubini
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Córdoba, Andalusia, 14071, Spain
| | - David González-Ballester
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Córdoba, Andalusia, 14071, Spain
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A culture of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was accidentally contaminated with three different bacteria in our laboratory facilities. This contaminated alga culture showed increased algal biohydrogen production. These three bacteria were independently isolated. METHODS The chromosomic DNA of one of the isolated bacteria was extracted and sequenced using PacBio technology. Tentative genome annotation (RAST server) and phylogenetic trees analysis (TYGS server) were conducted. Diverse growth tests were assayed for the bacterium and for the alga-bacterium consortium. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the bacterium is a novel member of the Stenotrophomonas genus that has been termed in this work as S. goyi sp. nov. A fully sequenced genome (4,487,389 base pairs) and its tentative annotation (4,147 genes) are provided. The genome information suggests that S. goyi sp. nov. is unable to use sulfate and nitrate as sulfur and nitrogen sources, respectively. Growth tests have confirmed the dependence on the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. S. goyi sp. nov. and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can establish a mutualistic relationship when cocultured together. CONCLUSIONS S. goyi sp. nov. could be of interest for the design of biotechnological approaches based on the use of artificial microalgae-bacteria multispecies consortia that take advantage of the complementary metabolic capacities of their different microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesus Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Córdoba, Andalusia, 14071, Spain
| | - Neda Fakhimi
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Córdoba, Andalusia, 14071, Spain
- Carnegie Institution for Science Department of Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra Dubini
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Córdoba, Andalusia, 14071, Spain
| | - David González-Ballester
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Córdoba, Andalusia, 14071, Spain
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Caccamo A, Vega de Luna F, Wahni K, Volkov AN, Przybyla-Toscano J, Amelii A, Kriznik A, Rouhier N, Messens J, Remacle C. Ascorbate Peroxidase 2 (APX2) of Chlamydomonas Binds Copper and Modulates the Copper Insertion into Plastocyanin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1946. [PMID: 38001799 PMCID: PMC10669542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent phylogenetic studies have unveiled a novel class of ascorbate peroxidases called "ascorbate peroxidase-related" (APX-R). These enzymes, found in green photosynthetic eukaryotes, lack the amino acids necessary for ascorbate binding. This study focuses on the sole APX-R from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii referred to as ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APX2). We used immunoblotting to locate APX2 within the chloroplasts and in silico analysis to identify key structural motifs, such as the twin-arginine transport (TAT) motif for lumen translocation and the metal-binding MxxM motif. We also successfully expressed recombinant APX2 in Escherichia coli. Our in vitro results showed that the peroxidase activity of APX2 was detected with guaiacol but not with ascorbate as an electron donor. Furthermore, APX2 can bind both copper and heme, as evidenced by spectroscopic, and fluorescence experiments. These findings suggest a potential interaction between APX2 and plastocyanin, the primary copper-containing enzyme within the thylakoid lumen of the chloroplasts. Predictions from structural models and evidence from 1H-NMR experiments suggest a potential interaction between APX2 and plastocyanin, emphasizing the influence of APX2 on the copper-binding abilities of plastocyanin. In summary, our results propose a significant role for APX2 as a regulator in copper transfer to plastocyanin. This study sheds light on the unique properties of APX-R enzymes and their potential contributions to the complex processes of photosynthesis in green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caccamo
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.C.); (F.V.d.L.); (J.P.-T.); (A.A.)
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (K.W.); (A.N.V.)
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Félix Vega de Luna
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.C.); (F.V.d.L.); (J.P.-T.); (A.A.)
| | - Khadija Wahni
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (K.W.); (A.N.V.)
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander N. Volkov
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (K.W.); (A.N.V.)
- Jean Jeener NMR Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Przybyla-Toscano
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.C.); (F.V.d.L.); (J.P.-T.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonello Amelii
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.C.); (F.V.d.L.); (J.P.-T.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexandre Kriznik
- CNRS, IMoPA and IBSLor, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | | | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (K.W.); (A.N.V.)
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.C.); (F.V.d.L.); (J.P.-T.); (A.A.)
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Balasubramanian RN, Gao M, Umen J. Identification of cell-type specific alternative transcripts in the multicellular alga Volvox carteri. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:654. [PMID: 37904088 PMCID: PMC10617192 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell type specialization is a hallmark of complex multicellular organisms and is usually established through implementation of cell-type-specific gene expression programs. The multicellular green alga Volvox carteri has just two cell types, germ and soma, that have previously been shown to have very different transcriptome compositions which match their specialized roles. Here we interrogated another potential mechanism for differentiation in V. carteri, cell type specific alternative transcript isoforms (CTSAI). METHODS We used pre-existing predictions of alternative transcripts and de novo transcript assembly with HISAT2 and Ballgown software to compile a list of loci with two or more transcript isoforms, identified a small subset that were candidates for CTSAI, and manually curated this subset of genes to remove false positives. We experimentally verified three candidates using semi-quantitative RT-PCR to assess relative isoform abundance in each cell type. RESULTS Of the 1978 loci with two or more predicted transcript isoforms 67 of these also showed cell type isoform expression biases. After curation 15 strong candidates for CTSAI were identified, three of which were experimentally verified, and their predicted gene product functions were evaluated in light of potential cell type specific roles. A comparison of genes with predicted alternative splicing from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular relative of V. carteri, identified little overlap between ortholog pairs with alternative splicing in both species. Finally, we interrogated cell type expression patterns of 126 V. carteri predicted RNA binding protein (RBP) encoding genes and found 40 that showed either somatic or germ cell expression bias. These RBPs are potential mediators of CTSAI in V. carteri and suggest possible pre-adaptation for cell type specific RNA processing and a potential path for generating CTSAI in the early ancestors of metazoans and plants. CONCLUSIONS We predicted numerous instances of alternative transcript isoforms in Volvox, only a small subset of which showed cell type specific isoform expression bias. However, the validated examples of CTSAI supported existing hypotheses about cell type specialization in V. carteri, and also suggested new hypotheses about mechanisms of functional specialization for their gene products. Our data imply that CTSAI operates as a minor but important component of V. carteri cellular differentiation and could be used as a model for how alternative isoforms emerge and co-evolve with cell type specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minglu Gao
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Umen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Je S, Choi BY, Kim E, Kim K, Lee Y, Yamaoka Y. Sterol Biosynthesis Contributes to Brefeldin-A-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Cell Physiol 2023:pcad131. [PMID: 37864404 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in most eukaryotes. In this response, sterols in the phospholipid bilayer play a crucial role in controlling membrane fluidity and homeostasis. Despite the significance of both the ER stress response and sterols in maintaining ER homeostasis, their relationship remains poorly explored. Our investigation focused on Chlamydomonas strain CC-4533 and revealed that free sterol biosynthesis increased in response to ER stress, except in mutants of the ER stress sensor IRE1. Transcript analysis of Chlamydomonas experiencing ER stress unveiled the regulatory role of the IRE1/bZIP1 pathway in inducing the expression of ERG5, which encodes C-22 sterol desaturase. Through the isolation of three erg5 mutant alleles, we observed a defect in the synthesis of Chlamydomonas' sterol end products, ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol. Furthermore, these erg5 mutants also exhibited increased sensitivity to ER stress induced by brefeldin A (BFA, an inhibitor of ER-Golgi trafficking), whereas tunicamycin (Tm, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation) and dithiothreitol (DTT, an inhibitor of disulfide-bond formation) had no such effect. Intriguingly, the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors fenpropimorph (Fp) and fenhexamid (Fh), which impede steps upstream of the ERG5 enzyme in sterol biosynthesis, rescued BFA hypersensitivity in CC-4533 cells. Collectively, our findings support the conclusion that the accumulation of intermediates in the sterol biosynthetic pathway influences ER stress in a complex manner. This study highlights the significance and complexity of regulating sterol biosynthesis during the ER stress response in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Je
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Young Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungyoon Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
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Sakato-Antoku M, Balsbaugh JL, King SM. N-Terminal Processing and Modification of Ciliary Dyneins. Cells 2023; 12:2492. [PMID: 37887336 PMCID: PMC10605206 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonemal dyneins are highly complex microtubule motors that power ciliary motility. These multi-subunit enzymes are assembled at dedicated sites within the cytoplasm. At least nineteen cytosolic factors are specifically needed to generate dynein holoenzymes and/or for their trafficking to the growing cilium. Many proteins are subject to N-terminal processing and acetylation, which can generate degrons subject to the AcN-end rule, alter N-terminal electrostatics, generate new binding interfaces, and affect subunit stoichiometry through targeted degradation. Here, we have used mass spectrometry of cilia samples and electrophoretically purified dynein heavy chains from Chlamydomonas to define their N-terminal processing; we also detail the N-terminal acetylase complexes present in this organism. We identify four classes of dynein heavy chain based on their processing pathways by two distinct acetylases, one of which is dependent on methionine aminopeptidase activity. In addition, we find that one component of both the outer dynein arm intermediate/light chain subcomplex and the docking complex is processed to yield an unmodified Pro residue, which may provide a setpoint to direct the cytosolic stoichiometry of other dynein complex subunits that contain N-terminal degrons. Thus, we identify and describe an additional level of processing and complexity in the pathways leading to axonemal dynein formation in cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Sakato-Antoku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA;
| | - Jeremy L. Balsbaugh
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Stephen M. King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA;
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Pivato M, Grenzi M, Costa A, Ballottari M. Compartment-specific Ca 2+ imaging in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveals high light-induced chloroplast Ca 2+ signatures. New Phytol 2023; 240:258-271. [PMID: 37488718 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in the perception and response mechanisms to light in unicellular microalgae, the genetically encoded ratiometric Ca2+ indicator Yellow Cameleon (YC3.6) was expressed in the model organism for green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, targeted to cytosol, chloroplast, and mitochondria. Through in vivo single-cell confocal microscopy imaging, light-induced Ca2+ signaling was investigated in different conditions and different genotypes, including the photoreceptors mutants phot and acry. A genetically encoded H2 O2 sensor was also adopted to investigate the possible role of H2 O2 formation in light-dependent Ca2+ signaling. Light-dependent Ca2+ response was observed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells only in the chloroplast as an organelle-autonomous response, influenced by light intensity and photosynthetic electron transport. The absence of blue and red-light photoreceptor aCRY strongly reduced the light-dependent chloroplast Ca2+ response, while the absence of the blue photoreceptor PHOT had no significant effects. A correlation between high light-induced chloroplast H2 O2 gradients and Ca2+ transients was drawn, supported by H2 O2 -induced chloroplast Ca2+ transients in the dark. In conclusion, different triggers are involved in the light-induced chloroplast Ca2+ signaling as saturation of the photosynthetic electron transport, H2 O2 formation, and aCRY-dependent light perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pivato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Grenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
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24
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Klena N, Maltinti G, Batman U, Pigino G, Guichard P, Hamel V. An In-depth Guide to the Ultrastructural Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4792. [PMID: 37719077 PMCID: PMC10502176 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion microscopy is an innovative method that enables super-resolution imaging of biological materials using a simple confocal microscope. The principle of this method relies on the physical isotropic expansion of a biological specimen cross-linked to a swellable polymer, stained with antibodies, and imaged. Since its first development, several improved versions of expansion microscopy and adaptations for different types of samples have been produced. Here, we show the application of ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) to investigate the 3D organization of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cellular ultrastructure, with a particular emphasis on the different types of sample fixation that can be used, as well as compatible staining procedures including membranes. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umut Batman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Section of Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Section of Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Section of Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Kalra I, Wang X, Zhang R, Morgan-Kiss R. High salt-induced PSI-supercomplex is associated with high CEF and attenuation of state transitions. Photosynth Res 2023; 157:65-84. [PMID: 37347385 PMCID: PMC10484818 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
While PSI-driven cyclic electron flow (CEF) and assembly of thylakoid supercomplexes have been described in model organisms like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, open questions remain regarding their contributions to survival under long-term stress. The Antarctic halophyte, C. priscuii UWO241 (UWO241), possesses constitutive high CEF rates and a stable PSI-supercomplex as a consequence of adaptation to permanent low temperatures and high salinity. To understand whether CEF represents a broader acclimation strategy to short- and long-term stress, we compared high salt acclimation between the halotolerant UWO241, the salt-sensitive model, C. reinhardtii, and a moderately halotolerant Antarctic green alga, C. sp. ICE-MDV (ICE-MDV). CEF was activated under high salt and associated with increased non-photochemical quenching in all three Chlamydomonas species. Furthermore, high salt-acclimated cells of either strain formed a PSI-supercomplex, while state transition capacity was attenuated. How the CEF-associated PSI-supercomplex interferes with state transition response is not yet known. We present a model for interaction between PSI-supercomplex formation, state transitions, and the important role of CEF for survival during long-term exposure to high salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Kalra
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 USA
- Present Address: Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 USA
| | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
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26
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Müller B. Iron transport mechanisms and their evolution focusing on chloroplasts. J Plant Physiol 2023; 288:154059. [PMID: 37586271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for photosynthetic organisms, required for several vital biological functions. Photosynthesis, which takes place in the chloroplasts of higher plants, is the major Fe consumer. Although the components of the root Fe uptake system in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants have been extensively studied, the Fe transport mechanisms of chloroplasts in these two groups of plants have received little attention. This review focuses on the comparative analysis of Fe transport processes in the evolutionary ancestors of chloroplasts (cyanobacteria) with the processes in embryophytes and green algae (Viridiplantae). The aim is to summarize how chloroplasts are integrated into cellular Fe homeostasis and how Fe transporters and Fe transport mechanisms have been modified by evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Müller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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27
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Nievergelt AP, Diener DR, Bogdanova A, Brown T, Pigino G. Efficient precision editing of endogenous Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genes with CRISPR-Cas. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100562. [PMID: 37671018 PMCID: PMC10475843 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas genome engineering in the unicellular green algal model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has until now been primarily applied to targeted gene disruption, whereas scarless knockin transgenesis has generally been considered difficult in practice. We have developed an efficient homology-directed method for knockin mutagenesis in Chlamydomonas by delivering CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoproteins and a linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) donor into cells by electroporation. Our method allows scarless integration of fusion tags and sequence modifications of proteins without the need for a preceding mutant line. We also present methods for high-throughput crossing of transformants and a custom quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based high-throughput screening of mutants as well as meiotic progeny. We demonstrate how to use this pipeline to facilitate the generation of mutant lines without residual selectable markers by co-targeted insertion. Finally, we describe how insertional cassettes can be erroneously mutated during insertion and suggest strategies to select for lines that are modified as designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Pascal Nievergelt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dennis Ray Diener
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aliona Bogdanova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Brown
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center (DcGC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gaia Pigino
- Human Technopole, V.le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20017 Milan, Italy
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28
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Findinier J. Autolysin Production from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4705. [PMID: 37449035 PMCID: PMC10336564 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism for various processes, from photosynthesis to cilia biogenesis, and a great chassis to learn more about biofuel production. This is due to the width of molecular tools available, which have recently expanded with the development of a modular cloning system but, most importantly, with CRISPR/Cas9 editing now being possible. This technique has proven to be more efficient in the absence of a cell wall by using specific mutants or by digesting Chlamydomonas cell wall using the mating-specific metalloprotease autolysin (also called gametolysin). Multiple protocols have been used and shared for autolysin production from Chlamydomonas cells; however, they provide very inconsistent results, which hinders the capacity to routinely perform CRISPR mutagenesis. Here, we propose a simple protocol for autolysin production requiring transfer of cells from plates into a dense liquid suspension, gametogenesis by overnight incubation before mixing of gametes, and enzyme harvesting after 2 h. This protocol has shown to be highly efficient for autolysin production regardless of precise control over cell density at any step. Requiring a minimal amount of labor, it will provide a simple, ready-to-go approach to produce an enzyme critical for the generation of targeted mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Findinier
- Biology Science & Engineering, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, USA
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29
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Bytešníková Z, Koláčková M, Dobešová M, Švec P, Ridošková A, Pekárková J, Přibyl J, Cápal P, Húska D, Adam V, Richtera L. New insight into the biocompatibility/toxicity of graphene oxides and their reduced forms on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. NanoImpact 2023; 31:100468. [PMID: 37209721 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxides (GOs) and their reduced forms are often discussed both positively and negatively due to the lack of information about their chemistry and structure. This study utilized GOs with two sheet sizes that were further reduced by two reducing agents (sodium borohydride and hydrazine) to obtain two different degrees of reduction. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy (RA) to understand their chemistry and structure. The second focus of our investigation included in vitro testing of the biocompatibility/toxicity of these materials on a model organism, the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The effects were studied on the basis of biological endpoints complemented by biomass investigation (FTIR spectroscopy, EA, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)). The results showed that the biocompatibility/toxicity of GOs is dependent on their chemistry and structure and that it is impossible to generalize the toxicity of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Bytešníková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Koláčková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Dobešová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ridošková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pekárková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cápal
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Slechtitelu 241/27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Húska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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30
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Wolfram M, Greif A, Sizova I, Baidukova O, Hegemann P, Kreimer G. Multifactorial in vivo regulation of the photoreceptor channelrhodopsin-1 abundance. Plant Cell Environ 2023. [PMID: 37381151 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Oriented movement (phototaxis) is an efficient way to optimize light-driven processes and to avoid photodamage for motile algae. In Chlamydomonas the receptors for phototaxis are the channelrhodopsins ChR1 and ChR2. Both are directly light-gated, plasma membrane-localized cation channels. To optimally adjust its overall light-dependent responses, Chlamydomonas must tightly control the ChRs cellular abundance and integrate their activities into its general photoprotective network. How this is achieved is largely unknown. Here we show that the ChR1 protein level decreases upon illumination in a light-intensity and quality-dependent manner, whereas it is stable in prolonged darkness. Analysis of knockout strains of six major photoreceptors absorbing in the blue-violet range, which is most effective in evoking ChR1 degradation, revealed that only phototropin (PHOT) is involved. Notably, ChR2 degradation was normal in a ΔPHOT strain. Further, our results indicate that a COP1-SPA1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, the transcription factor Hy5 as well as changes in the cellular redox poise and cyclic nucleotide levels are additional components involved in this light acclimation response of Chlamydomonas. Our data highlight the presence of an adaptive framework connecting phototaxis with general photoprotective mechanisms via the use of overlapping signaling components already at the level of the primary photoreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Wolfram
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Arne Greif
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Irina Sizova
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Baidukova
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Kreimer
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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31
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Tejada-Jimenez M, Leon-Miranda E, Llamas A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii-A Reference Microorganism for Eukaryotic Molybdenum Metabolism. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1671. [PMID: 37512844 PMCID: PMC10385300 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is vital for the activity of a small but essential group of enzymes called molybdoenzymes. So far, specifically five molybdoenzymes have been discovered in eukaryotes: nitrate reductase, sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and mARC. In order to become biologically active, Mo must be chelated to a pterin, forming the so-called Mo cofactor (Moco). Deficiency or mutation in any of the genes involved in Moco biosynthesis results in the simultaneous loss of activity of all molybdoenzymes, fully or partially preventing the normal development of the affected organism. To prevent this, the different mechanisms involved in Mo homeostasis must be finely regulated. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic microalga that has produced fundamental advances in key steps of Mo homeostasis over the last 30 years, which have been extrapolated to higher organisms, both plants and animals. These advances include the identification of the first two molybdate transporters in eukaryotes (MOT1 and MOT2), the characterization of key genes in Moco biosynthesis, the identification of the first enzyme that protects and transfers Moco (MCP1), the first characterization of mARC in plants, and the discovery of the crucial role of the nitrate reductase-mARC complex in plant nitric oxide production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the progress achieved in using C. reinhardtii as a model organism in Mo homeostasis and to propose how this microalga can continue improving with the advancements in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tejada-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esperanza Leon-Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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32
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Yang Y, Ren S, Jia X, Zeng H, Wang L, Zhu Y, Yi K. Measurement of Total Phosphorus and Polyphosphate in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4692. [PMID: 37323639 PMCID: PMC10262207 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants. Green algae usually store excess P as polyphosphate (polyP) in the vacuoles. PolyP, a linear chain of three to hundreds of phosphate residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds, is important for cell growth. Based on the previous method of polyP purification with silica gel columns (Werner et al., 2005; Canadell et al., 2016) in yeast cells, we developed a protocol to purify and determine the total P and polyP in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by a quick, simplified, and quantitative method. We use hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to digest polyP or total P in dried cells and analyze P content using the malachite green colorimetric method. This method may be applied to other microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Suna Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xianqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- KeKe Yi’s Lab https://yilab.life
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Sharma K, Sizova I, Sanyal SK, Pandey GK, Hegemann P, Kateriya S. Deciphering the role of cytoplasmic domain of Channelrhodopsin in modulating the interactome and SUMOylome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125135. [PMID: 37247713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Translocation of channelrhodopsins (ChRs) is mediated by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery. However, the functional role of the network involving photoreceptors, IFT and other proteins in controlling algal ciliary motility is still not fully delineated. In the current study, we have identified two important motifs at the C-terminus of ChR1, VXPX and LKNE. VXPX is a known ciliary targeting sequence in animals, and LKNE is a well-known SUMOylation motif. To the best of our knowledge, this study gives prima facie insight into the role of SUMOylation in Chlamydomonas. We prove that VMPS of ChR1 is important for interaction with GTPase CrARL11. We show that SUMO motifs are present in the C-terminus of putative ChR1s from green algae. Performing experiments with n-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) and Ubiquitin-like protease 1 (ULP-1) we show that SUMOylation may modulate ChR1 protein in Chlamydomonas. Experiments with 2D08, a known sumoylation blocker, increased the concentration of ChR1 protein. Finally, we show the endogenous SUMOylated proteins (SUMOylome) of C. reinhardtii, identified by using immunoprecipitation followed by nano-LC-MS/MS detection. This report establishes a link between evolutionarily conserved SUMOylation, and ciliary machinery for the maintenance and functioning of cilia across the eukaryotes. Our enriched SUMOylome of C. reinhardtii comprehends the proteins related to ciliary development and, photo-signaling, along with orthologue(s) associated to human ciliopathies as SUMO targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Irina Sizova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre, «Kurchatov Institute», St. Petersburg, Gatchina 1 188300, Russia
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institut für Biologie, Experimentelle Biophysik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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34
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Perozeni F, Pivato M, Angelini M, Maricchiolo E, Pompa A, Ballottari M. Towards microalga-based superfoods: heterologous expression of zeolin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1184064. [PMID: 37229116 PMCID: PMC10203602 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms that can be grown in artificial systems to capture CO2, release oxygen, use nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich wastes, and produce biomass and bioproducts of interest including edible biomass for space exploration. In the present study, we report a metabolic engineering strategy for the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to produce high-value proteins for nutritional purposes. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a species approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human consumption, and its consumption has been reported to improve gastrointestinal health in both murine models and humans. By utilizing the biotechnological tools available for this green alga, we introduced a synthetic gene encoding a chimeric protein, zeolin, obtained by merging the γ-zein and phaseolin proteins, in the algal genome. Zein and phaseolin are major seed storage proteins of maize (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and storage vacuoles, respectively. Seed storage proteins have unbalanced amino acid content, and for this reason, need to be complemented with each other in the diet. The chimeric recombinant zeolin protein represents an amino acid storage strategy with a balanced amino acid profile. Zeolin protein was thus efficiently expressed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; thus, we obtained strains that accumulate this recombinant protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, reaching a concentration up to 5.5 fg cell-1, or secrete it in the growth medium, with a titer value up to 82 µg/L, enabling the production of microalga-based super-food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perozeni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Pivato
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Margherita Angelini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Maricchiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
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35
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Wilson S, Kim E, Ishii A, Ruban AV, Minagawa J. Overexpression of LHCSR and PsbS enhance light tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Photochem Photobiol B 2023; 244:112718. [PMID: 37156084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is a crucial mechanism for fine-tuning light harvesting and protecting the photosystem II (PSII) reaction centres from excess light energy in plants and algae. This process is regulated by photoprotective proteins LHCSR1, LHCSR3, and PsbS in green algae, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The det1-2 phot mutant, which overexpresses these photoprotective proteins, resulting in a significantly higher NPQ response, has been recently discovered in C. reinhardtii. Here, we analysed the physiological impact of this response on algal cells and found that det1-2 phot was capable of efficient growth under high light intensities, where wild-type (WT) cells were unable to survive. The mutant exhibited a smaller PSII cross-section in the dark and showed a detachment of the peripheral light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) antenna in the NPQ state, as suggested by a rise in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter of photochemical quenching in the dark (qPd > 1). Furthermore, fluorescence decay-associated spectra demonstrated a decreased excitation pressure on PSII, with excess energy being directed toward PSI. The amount of LHCSR1, LHCSR3, and PsbS in the mutant correlated with the magnitude of the protective NPQ response. Overall, the study suggests the mechanism by which the overexpression of photoprotective proteins in det1-2 phot brings about an efficient and effective photoprotective response, enabling the mutant to grow and survive under high light intensities that would otherwise be lethal for WT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Eunchul Kim
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Asako Ishii
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan.
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36
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Schmollinger S, Chen S, Merchant SS. Quantitative elemental imaging in eukaryotic algae. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad025. [PMID: 37186252 PMCID: PMC10209819 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
All organisms, fundamentally, are made from the same raw material, namely the elements of the periodic table. Biochemical diversity is achieved by how these elements are utilized, for what purpose, and in which physical location. Determining elemental distributions, especially those of trace elements that facilitate metabolism as cofactors in the active centers of essential enzymes, can determine the state of metabolism, the nutritional status, or the developmental stage of an organism. Photosynthetic eukaryotes, especially algae, are excellent subjects for quantitative analysis of elemental distribution. These microbes utilize unique metabolic pathways that require various trace nutrients at their core to enable their operation. Photosynthetic microbes also have important environmental roles as primary producers in habitats with limited nutrient supplies or toxin contaminations. Accordingly, photosynthetic eukaryotes are of great interest for biotechnological exploitation, carbon sequestration, and bioremediation, with many of the applications involving various trace elements and consequently affecting their quota and intracellular distribution. A number of diverse applications were developed for elemental imaging, allowing subcellular resolution, with X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM, XRF) being at the forefront, enabling quantitative descriptions of intact cells in a non-destructive method. This Tutorial Review summarizes the workflow of a quantitative, single-cell elemental distribution analysis of a eukaryotic alga using XFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schmollinger
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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37
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Yamasaki T, Tokutsu R, Sawa H, Razali NN, Hayashi M, Minagawa J. Small RNA-mediated silencing of phototropin suppresses the induction of photoprotection in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302185120. [PMID: 37098057 PMCID: PMC10160981 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302185120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) form complexes with Argonaute proteins and bind to transcripts with complementary sequences to repress gene expression. sRNA-mediated regulation is conserved in a diverse range of eukaryotes and is involved in the control of various physiological functions. sRNAs are present in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and genetic analyses revealed that the core sRNA biogenesis and action mechanisms are conserved with those of multicellular organisms. However, the roles of sRNAs in this organism remain largely unknown. Here, we report that Chlamydomonas sRNAs contribute to the induction of photoprotection. In this alga, photoprotection is mediated by LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEX STRESS-RELATED 3 (LHCSR3), whose expression is induced by light signals through the blue-light receptor phototropin (PHOT). We demonstrate here that sRNA-defective mutants showed increased PHOT abundance leading to greater LHCSR3 expression. Disruption of the precursor for two sRNAs predicted to bind to the PHOT transcript also increased PHOT accumulation and LHCSR3 expression. The induction of LHCSR3 in the mutants was enhanced by light containing blue wavelengths, but not by red light, indicating that the sRNAs regulate the degree of photoprotection via regulation of PHOT expression. Our results suggest that sRNAs are involved not only in the regulation of photoprotection but also in biological phenomena regulated by PHOT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Yamasaki
- Science and Technology Department, Natural Science Cluster, Kochi University, Kochi780-8520, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki444-8585, Japan
| | - Haruhi Sawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi780-8520, Japan
| | - Nazifa Naziha Razali
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi780-8520, Japan
| | - Momoka Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi780-8520, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki444-8585, Japan
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38
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Chen H, Yang QL, Xu JX, Deng X, Zhang YJ, Liu T, Rots MG, Xu GL, Huang KY. Efficient methods for multiple types of precise gene-editing in Chlamydomonas. Plant J 2023. [PMID: 37310200 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Precise gene-editing using CRISPR/Cas9 technology remains a long-standing challenge, especially for genes with low expression and no selectable phenotypes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a classic model for photosynthesis and cilia research. Here, we developed a multi-type and precise genetic manipulation method in which a DNA break was generated by Cas9 nuclease and the repair was mediated using a homologous DNA template. The efficacy of this method was demonstrated for several types of gene editing, including inactivation of two low-expression genes (CrTET1 and CrKU80), the introduction of a FLAG-HA epitope tag into VIPP1, IFT46, CrTET1 and CrKU80 genes, and placing a YFP tag into VIPP1 and IFT46 for live-cell imaging. We also successfully performed a single amino acid substitution for the FLA3, FLA10 and FTSY genes, and documented the attainment of the anticipated phenotypes. Lastly, we demonstrated that precise fragment deletion from the 3'-UTR of MAA7 and VIPP1 resulted in a stable knock-down effect. Overall, our study has established efficient methods for multiple types of precise gene editing in Chlamydomonas, enabling substitution, insertion and deletion at the base resolution, thus improving the potential of this alga in both basic research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jia-Xi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yun-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Marianne G Rots
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guo-Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Grochau-Wright ZI, Nedelcu AM, Michod RE. The Genetics of Fitness Reorganization during the Transition to Multicellularity: The Volvocine regA-like Family as a Model. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040941. [PMID: 37107699 PMCID: PMC10137558 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary transition from single-celled to multicellular individuality requires organismal fitness to shift from the cell level to a cell group. This reorganization of fitness occurs by re-allocating the two components of fitness, survival and reproduction, between two specialized cell types in the multicellular group: soma and germ, respectively. How does the genetic basis for such fitness reorganization evolve? One possible mechanism is the co-option of life history genes present in the unicellular ancestors of a multicellular lineage. For instance, single-celled organisms must regulate their investment in survival and reproduction in response to environmental changes, particularly decreasing reproduction to ensure survival under stress. Such stress response life history genes can provide the genetic basis for the evolution of cellular differentiation in multicellular lineages. The regA-like gene family in the volvocine green algal lineage provides an excellent model system to study how this co-option can occur. We discuss the origin and evolution of the volvocine regA-like gene family, including regA-the gene that controls somatic cell development in the model organism Volvox carteri. We hypothesize that the co-option of life history trade-off genes is a general mechanism involved in the transition to multicellular individuality, making volvocine algae and the regA-like family a useful template for similar investigations in other lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurora M Nedelcu
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Richard E Michod
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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40
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Je S, Lee Y, Yamaoka Y. Effect of Common ER Stress-Inducing Drugs on the Growth and Lipid Phenotypes of Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:392-404. [PMID: 36318453 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is caused by the stress-induced accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Several compounds are used to induce the unfolded protein response (UPR) in animals, with different modes of action, but which ER stress-inducing drugs induce ER stress in microalgae or land plants is unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of seven chemicals that were reported to induce ER stress in animals on the growth, UPR gene expression and fatty acid profiles of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis): 2-deoxyglucose, dithiothreitol (DTT), tunicamycin (TM), thapsigargin, brefeldin A (BFA), monensin (MON) and eeyarestatin I. In both model photosynthetic organisms, DTT, TM, BFA and MON treatment induced ER stress, as indicated by the induction of spliced bZIP1 and bZIP60, respectively. In Chlamydomonas, DTT, TM and BFA treatment induced the production of transcripts related to lipid biosynthesis, but MON treatment did not. In Arabidopsis, DTT, TM, BFA and MON inhibited seed germination and seedling growth with the activation of bZIP60. These findings lay the foundation for using four types of ER stress-inducing drugs in photosynthetic organisms, and they help uncover the mode of action of each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Je
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, The Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, The Republic of Korea
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41
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Aono T, Yamashita K, Hashimoto M, Ishikawa Y, Aizawa K, Tokunaga E. Spatial Distribution of Flagellated Microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Space. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:813. [PMID: 37421046 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the phenomenon of collective order formation by cell-cell interactions in motile cells, microswimmers, has been a topic of interest, most studies have been conducted under conditions of high cell density, where the space occupancy of a cell population relative to the space size ϕ>0.1 (ϕ is the area fraction). We experimentally determined the spatial distribution (SD) of the flagellated unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at a low cell density (ϕ≈0.01) in a quasi-two-dimensional (thickness equal to cell diameter) restricted space and used the variance-to-mean ratio to investigate the deviation from the random distribution of cells, that is, do cells tend to cluster together or avoid each other? The experimental SD is consistent with that obtained by Monte Carlo simulation, in which only the excluded volume effect (EV effect) due to the finite size of cells is taken into account, indicating that there is no interaction between cells other than the EV effect at a low cell density of ϕ≈0.01. A simple method for fabricating a quasi-two-dimensional space using shim rings was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Aono
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yamashita
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masafumi Hashimoto
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishikawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Aizawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Tokunaga
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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42
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Ma Y, Hou Y, Wang W, Cui M, Guo Z, Han T, Liu Z, Hao N, Chen F, Zhao L. Insights into carbon utilization under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. Bioresour Technol 2023; 374:128788. [PMID: 36828225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixotrophic microalgae cultivation with various carbon resources is considered as a strategy that could increase biomass. However, the mechanism of carbon utilization between inorganic carbon (IC) and organic carbon (OC) remains unknown. In this study, IC and OC consumption, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, intracellular Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate content and transcriptional changes in related genes were characterized. The results showed that IC was utilized preferentially, whereas 76% IC was consumed at 8 h. Subsequently, OC was the dominant carbon resource for fermentation. The cell density in the IC group was 100% higher than that in the group without IC at 24 h. Bicarbonate addition enhanced photosynthesis by dissipating less energy and generating more electrons and energy, which benefited OC assimilation. This finding was verified by qRT-PCR analysis. These results elucidate the carbon utilization mechanism under mixotrophic conditions, which provide clues for promoting microalgae growth by regulating carbon utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Ma
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China
| | - Meijie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhile Guo
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Han
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nahui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China.
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Teneva I, Velikova V, Belkinova D, Moten D, Dzhambazov B. Allelopathic Potential of the Cyanotoxins Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin on Green Algae. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1403. [PMID: 36987092 PMCID: PMC10057654 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathic interactions are widespread in all aquatic habitats, among all groups of aquatic primary biomass producers, including cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are producers of potent toxins called cyanotoxins, whose biological and ecological roles, including their allelopathic influence, are still incompletely understood. The allelopathic potential of the cyanotoxins microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYL) on green algae (Chlamydomonas asymmetrica, Dunaliella salina, and Scenedesmus obtusiusculus) was established. Time-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth and motility of the green algae exposed to cyanotoxins were detected. Changes in their morphology (cell shape, granulation of the cytoplasm, and loss of flagella) were also observed. The cyanotoxins MC-LR and CYL were found to affect photosynthesis to varying degrees in the green algae Chlamydomonas asymmetrica, Dunaliella salina, and Scenedesmus obtusiusculus, affecting chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as the maximum photochemical activity (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII), the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ), and the quantum yield of the unregulated energy dissipation Y(NO) in PSII. In the context of ongoing climate change and the associated expectations of the increased frequency of cyanobacterial blooms and released cyanotoxins, our results demonstrated the possible allelopathic role of cyanotoxins on competing autotrophs in the phytoplankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Teneva
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Detelina Belkinova
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dzhemal Moten
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Balik Dzhambazov
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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44
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Dobesova M, Kolackova M, Pencik O, Capal P, Chaloupsky P, Svec P, Ridoskova A, Motola M, Cicmancova V, Sopha H, Macak JM, Richtera L, Adam V, Huska D. Transcriptomic hallmarks of in vitro TiO 2 nanotubes toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 256:106419. [PMID: 36807021 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, more accessible transcriptomic approaches have provided a new and deeper understanding of environmental toxicity. The present study focuses on the transcriptomic profiles of green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to new industrially promising material, TiO2 nanotubes (NTs), as an example of a widely used one-dimensional nanomaterial. The first algal in vitro assay included 2.5 and 7.5 mg/L TiO2 NTs, resulting in a dose-dependent negative effect on biological endpoints. At a working concentration of 7.5 mg/L, RNA-sequencing showed a mainly negative effect on the cells. In summary, the results indicated metabolic disruption, such as ATP loss, damage to mitochondria and chloroplasts, loss of solutes due to permeated membranes, and cell wall damage. Moreover, apoptosis-induced transcripts were detected. Interestingly, reactivation of transposons was observed. In signalling and transcription pathways, including chromatin remodelling and locking, the annotated genes were downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Dobesova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Pencik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Capal
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Slechtitelu 241/27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Chaloupsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ridoskova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Motola
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Cicmancova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Sopha
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan M Macak
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Huska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhou Y, He Y, Guo X, Dai J, Lai X, Hong B, Chen B, Wang M. Pilot-scale remediation of rare earth elements ammonium wastewater by Chlamydomonas sp. YC in summer under outdoor conditions. Bioresour Technol 2023; 372:128674. [PMID: 36702323 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the performance of real rare earth elements (REEs) wastewater purification and carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation by Chlamydomonas sp. YC with pilot-scale airlift-photobioreactors (AL-PBRs), tubular photobioreactors (TB-PBRs) and raceway ponds (ORWPs) under high-temperature outdoor conditions in summer. The obtained results showed that Chlamydomonas sp. YC at 1 g/L oyster shell piece (OSP) and 3 % CO2 had the highest biomass (1.9 g/L) and NH4+-N removal efficiency (34.0 %) during the REEs wastewater treatment. Among the selected photobioreactors, Chlamydomonas sp. YC to treat real REEs wastewater at 3 % CO2 under high-temperature outdoor conditions attained the highest biomass (2.3 g/L) in the TB-PBRs with the best NH4+-N removal efficiency (43.0 %). Furthermore, the input cost and CO2 net sequestration evaluation revealed that TB-PBRs was more economical photobioreactors to treat REEs wastewater and fix CO2 by Chlamydomonas sp. YC, providing some vital scientific details for REEs wastewater and CO2 fixation by microalgal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Zhou
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xu Guo
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jingxuan Dai
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xiaobin Lai
- Longyan Rare Earth Development CO., LTD, China
| | - Bengen Hong
- Longyan Rare Earth Development CO., LTD, China
| | - Bilian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Mingzi Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
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Kim JH, Dubey SK, Hwangbo K, Chung BY, Lee SS, Lee S. Application of ionizing radiation as an elicitor to enhance the growth and metabolic activities in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1087070. [PMID: 36890890 PMCID: PMC9986495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a eukaryotic, unicellular photosynthetic organism and a potential algal platform for producing biomass and recombinant proteins for industrial use. Ionizing radiation is a potent genotoxic and mutagenic agent used for algal mutation breeding that induces various DNA damage and repair responses. In this study, however, we explored the counterintuitive bioeffects of ionizing radiation, such as X- and γ-rays, and its potential as an elicitor to facilitate batch or fed-batch cultivation of Chlamydomonas cells. A certain dose range of X- and γ-rays was shown to stimulate the growth and metabolite production of Chlamydomonas cells. X- or γ-irradiation with relatively low doses below 10 Gy substantially increased chlorophyll, protein, starch, and lipid content as well as growth and photosynthetic activity in Chlamydomonas cells without inducing apoptotic cell death. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated the radiation-induced changes in DNA damage response (DDR) and various metabolic pathways with the dose-dependent expression of some DDR genes, such as CrRPA30, CrFEN1, CrKU, CrRAD51, CrOASTL2, CrGST2, and CrRPA70A. However, the overall transcriptomic changes were not causally associated with growth stimulation and/or enhanced metabolic activities. Nevertheless, the radiation-induced growth stimulation was strongly enhanced by repetitive X-irradiation and/or subsequent cultivation with an inorganic carbon source, i.e., NaHCO3, but was significantly inhibited by treatment of ascorbic acid, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The optimal dose range of X-irradiation for growth stimulation differed by genotype and radiation sensitivity. Here, we suggest that ionizing radiation within a certain dose range determined by genotype-dependent radiation sensitivity could induce growth stimulation and enhance metabolic activities, including photosynthesis, chlorophyll, protein, starch, and lipid synthesis in Chlamydomonas cells via ROS signaling. The counterintuitive benefits of a genotoxic and abiotic stress factor, i.e., ionizing radiation, in a unicellular algal organism, i.e., Chlamydomonas, may be explained by epigenetic stress memory or priming effects associated with ROS-mediated metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hong Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shubham Kumar Dubey
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Hwangbo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Calatrava V, Tejada-Jimenez M, Sanz-Luque E, Fernandez E, Galvan A, Llamas A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a Reference Organism to Study Algal-Microbial Interactions: Why Can't They Be Friends? Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12040788. [PMID: 36840135 PMCID: PMC9965935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The stability and harmony of ecological niches rely on intricate interactions between their members. During evolution, organisms have developed the ability to thrive in different environments, taking advantage of each other. Among these organisms, microalgae are a highly diverse and widely distributed group of major primary producers whose interactions with other organisms play essential roles in their habitats. Understanding the basis of these interactions is crucial to control and exploit these communities for ecological and biotechnological applications. The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a well-established model, is emerging as a model organism for studying a wide variety of microbial interactions with ecological and economic significance. In this review, we unite and discuss current knowledge that points to C. reinhardtii as a model organism for studying microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Calatrava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manuel Tejada-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-218352
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Fei X, Huang X, Li Z, Li X, He C, Xiao S, Li Y, Zhang X, Deng X. Effect of marker-free transgenic Chlamydomonas on the control of Aedes mosquito population and on plankton. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 36653886 PMCID: PMC9847121 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of the world's population suffers from epidemic diseases that are spread by mosquitoes. The primary strategy used to stop the spread of mosquito-borne diseases is vector control. Interference RNA (RNAi) is a powerful tool for controlling insect populations and may be less susceptible to insect resistance than other strategies. However, public concerns have been raised because of the transfer of antibiotic resistance marker genes to environmental microorganisms after integration into the recipient genome, thus allowing the pathogen to acquire resistance. Therefore, in the present study, we modified the 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase (3hkt) and hormone receptor 3 (hr3) RNAi vectors to remove antibiotic resistance marker genes and retain the expression cassette of the inverse repeat sequence of the 3hkt/hr3 target gene. This recombinant microalgal marker-free RNAi insecticide was subsequently added to the suburban water in a simulated-field trial to test its ability to control mosquito population. METHODS The expression cassette of the 3hkt/hr3 inverted repeat sequence and a DNA fragment of the argininosuccinate lyase gene without the ampicillin resistance gene were obtained using restriction enzyme digestion and recovery. After the cotransformation of Chlamydomonas, the recombinant algae was then employed to feed Aedes albopictus larvae. Ten and 300 larvae were used in small- and large-scale laboratory Ae.albopictus feeding trials, respectively. Simulated field trials were conducted using Meishe River water that was complemented with recombinant Chlamydomonas. Moreover, the impact of recombinant microalgae on phytoplankton and zooplankton in the released water was explored via high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The marker-free RNAi-recombinant Chlamydomonas effectively silenced the 3hkt/hr3 target gene, resulting in the inhibition of Ae. albopictus development and also in the high rate of Ae. albopictus larvae mortality in the laboratory and simulated field trials. In addition, the results confirmed that the effect of recombinant Chlamydomonas on plankton in the released water was similar to that of the nontransgenic Chlamydomonas, which could reduce the abundance and species of plankton. CONCLUSIONS The marker-free RNAi-recombinant Chlamydomonas are highly lethal to the Ae. albopictus mosquito, and their effect on plankton in released water is similar to that of the nontransgenic algal strains, which reduces the abundance and species of plankton. Thus, marker-free recombinant Chlamydomonas can be used for mosquito biorational control and mosquito-borne disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Fei
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinghan Li
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Changhao He
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Sha Xiao
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yajun Li
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China ,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China ,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodong Deng
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China ,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou, China ,grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Zhanjiang Experimental Station, CATAS, Zhanjiang, China
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Huang MD, Wu CW, Chou HY, Cheng SY, Chang HY. The revealing of a novel lipid transfer protein lineage in green algae. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:21. [PMID: 36627558 PMCID: PMC9832785 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are a group of small and basic proteins that can bind and transfer various lipid molecules to the apoplastic space. A typical nsLTP carries a conserved architecture termed eight-cysteine motif (8CM), a scaffold of loop-linked helices folding into a hydrophobic cavity for lipids binding. Encoded by a multigene family, nsLTPs are widely distributed in terrestrial plants from bryophytes to angiosperms with dozens of gene members in a single species. Although the nsLTPs in the most primitive plants such as Marchantia already reach 14 members and are divergent enough to form separate groups, so far none have been identified in any species of green algae. RESULTS By using a refined searching strategy, we identified putative nsLTP genes in more than ten species of green algae as one or two genes per haploid genome but not in red and brown algae. The analyses show that the algal nsLTPs carry unique characteristics, including the extended 8CM spacing, larger molecular mass, lower pI value and multiple introns in a gene, which suggests that they could be a novel nsLTP lineage. Moreover, the results of further investigation on the two Chlamydomonas nsLTPs using transcript and protein assays demonstrated their late zygotic stage expression patterns and the canonical nsLTP properties were also verified, such as the fatty acids binding and proteinase resistance activities. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a novel nsLTP lineage is identified in green algae, which carries some unique sequences and molecular features that are distinguishable from those in land plants. Combined with the results of further examinations of the Chlamydomonas nsLTPs in vitro, possible roles of the algal nsLTPs are also suggested. This study not only reveals the existence of the nsLTPs in green algae but also contributes to facilitating future studies on this enigmatic protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424.
| | - Chin-Wei Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424
| | - Hong-Yun Chou
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424
| | - Sou-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424
| | - Hsin-Yang Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424.
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, 11221.
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Li Y, Wang WX. Internalization of the Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101(Cr)-NH 2 by a Freshwater Alga and Transfer to Zooplankton. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:118-127. [PMID: 36503235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The common metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 has attracted considerable attention due to its great potential applications in the environmental field. Nevertheless, its behavior and fate in aquatic systems are unknown. This study quantified and visualized the interactions of MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 with the freshwater phytoplanktonic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its potential trophic transfer to zooplankton. The unicellular alga absorbed and accumulated the MOF by surface attachment, forming agglomerates and eventually cosettling out from water. Bioimaging revealed that MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 was internalized by the algal cells and mainly occurred in the pyrenoid. Without algae in a freshwater system, MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 was ingested by Daphnia magna, showing steadily increasing concentrations approaching 1-9% of dry body weight. Addition of algae substantially suppressed D. magna uptake of MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 by 63.8-97.9%. Such inhibition could be explained by the competitive uptake of MOF by the algae and the inductive effects of algal food on MOF elimination by D. magna. The MOF (≤1 mg/L) ingested by D. magna was centered in the gut regions, whereas large MOF or algae-MOF aggregates were adsorbed onto the carapace and appendages, including the antennae, at 10 mg/L. Overall, the algae were the major targets for MIL-101(Cr)-NH2, with nearly all algal cells settling out at 10 mg/L within 24 h. The possibility of trophic transfer of MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 to D. magna in aquatic systems with algae present was limited due to its low accumulation potential and short retention time in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Li
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
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