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Abele M, Doll E, Bayer FP, Meng C, Lomp N, Neuhaus K, Scherer S, Kuster B, Ludwig C. Unified Workflow for the Rapid and In-Depth Characterization of Bacterial Proteomes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100612. [PMID: 37391045 PMCID: PMC10407251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse organisms among the kingdoms of life. Due to this excessive variance, finding a unified, comprehensive, and safe workflow for quantitative bacterial proteomics is challenging. In this study, we have systematically evaluated and optimized sample preparation, mass spectrometric data acquisition, and data analysis strategies in bacterial proteomics. We investigated workflow performances on six representative species with highly different physiologic properties to mimic bacterial diversity. The best sample preparation strategy was a cell lysis protocol in 100% trifluoroacetic acid followed by an in-solution digest. Peptides were separated on a 30-min linear microflow liquid chromatography gradient and analyzed in data-independent acquisition mode. Data analysis was performed with DIA-NN using a predicted spectral library. Performance was evaluated according to the number of identified proteins, quantitative precision, throughput, costs, and biological safety. With this rapid workflow, over 40% of all encoded genes were detected per bacterial species. We demonstrated the general applicability of our workflow on a set of 23 taxonomically and physiologically diverse bacterial species. We could confidently identify over 45,000 proteins in the combined dataset, of which 30,000 have not been experimentally validated before. Our work thereby provides a valuable resource for the microbial scientific community. Finally, we grew Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus in replicates under 12 different cultivation conditions to demonstrate the high-throughput suitability of the workflow. The proteomic workflow we present in this manuscript does not require any specialized equipment or commercial software and can be easily applied by other laboratories to support and accelerate the proteomic exploration of the bacterial kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Abele
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Division of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Etienne Doll
- Division of Microbial Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Florian P Bayer
- Division of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nina Lomp
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- Division of Microbial Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Siegfried Scherer
- Division of Microbial Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Division of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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Luo J, Yang C, Shen Y. Rapid Calibration of Nanoliter per Second Flow Rate by Image Processing Technology. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1189. [PMID: 37374775 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The need for high-precision microflow control is increasingly evident across various fields. For instance, microsatellites employed in gravitational wave detection require flow supply systems with a high accuracy of up to 0.1 nL/s to achieve on-orbit attitude control and orbit control. However, conventional flow sensors are unable to provide the necessary precision in the nanoliter per second range, and thus, alternative methods are required. In this study, we propose the use of image processing technology for rapid microflow calibration. Our method involves capturing images of the droplets at the outlet of the flow supply system to rapidly obtain the flow rate, and we used the gravimetric method to verify the accuracy of our approach. We conducted several microflow calibration experiments within the 1.5 nL/s range and demonstrated that image processing technology can achieve the desired accuracy of 0.1 nL/s while saving more than two-thirds of the time required to obtain the flow rate within an acceptable margin of error compared to the gravimetric method. Our study presents an efficient and innovative approach to addressing the challenges of measuring microflows with high precision, particularly in the nanoliter per second range, and has the potential for widespread applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Luo
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-sen University (Shenzhen Campus), Shenzhen 518107, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Microsatellite Constellation, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-sen University (Shenzhen Campus), Shenzhen 518107, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Microsatellite Constellation, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-sen University (Shenzhen Campus), Shenzhen 518107, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Microsatellite Constellation, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Yamashita K, Numata M. Automated Supramolecular Polymerization in a Microflow: A Versatile Platform for Multistep Supramolecular Reactions. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200254. [PMID: 36328773 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a basic microflow system capable of performing multistep supramolecular polymerization. In this system, injection of the monomer, directional supramolecular copolymerization, removal of the unreacted monomer, and purification of the product supramolecular diblock copolymers are realized along a three-stream flow. When injecting a supramolecular polymer into the central stream of the three-stream flow, the supramolecular polymerization always occurs in the central flow, with the two lateral flows serving as supply and removal lines for the monomer. Employing two kinds of perylene bisimide derivatives as monomers, we confirmed that the reaction occurred selectively at the forward-facing terminus of the supramolecular polymer, along with recovery of the unreacted monomer, ultimately leading to a high-purity supramolecular diblock copolymer. Diblock copolymers are basic units for preparing multicomponent supramolecular block copolymers. Thus, connecting the present system in series would, in principle, result in a "microplant" capable of producing supramolecular polymers having desired inner complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Yamashita
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Munenori Numata
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
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Niemann AK, Batista E, Geršl J, Bissig H, Büker O, Lee SH, Graham E, Stolt K, Afonso J, Benková M, Knotek S. Assessment of drug delivery devices working at microflow rates. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2023; 68:51-65. [PMID: 36420524 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Almost every medical department in hospitals around the world uses infusion devices to administer fluids, nutrition, and medications to patients to treat many different diseases and ailments. There have been several reports on adverse incidents caused by medication errors associated with infusion equipment. Such errors can result from malfunction or improper use, or even inaccuracy of the equipment, and can cause harm to patients' health. Depending on the intended use of the equipment, e.g. if it is used for anaesthesia of adults or for medical treatment of premature infants, the accuracy of the equipment may be more or less important. A well-defined metrological infrastructure can help to ensure that infusion devices function properly and are as accurate as needed for their use. However, establishing a metrological infrastructure requires adequate knowledge of the performance of infusion devices in use. This paper presents the results of various tests conducted with two types of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsa Batista
- Metrology Department, Portuguese Institute for Quality, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jan Geršl
- Department of Primary Metrology of Liquids Flow, Flow Velocity and Heat, CMI, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hugo Bissig
- Physics, Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Bern-Wabern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Büker
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - Seok Hwan Lee
- Thermometry and Fluid Flow Metrology Group, Division of Physical Metrology, KRISS, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Emmelyn Graham
- Life Sciences & Healthcare, TUV SUD NEL, East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Joana Afonso
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miroslava Benková
- Department of Primary Metrology of Liquids Flow, Flow Velocity and Heat, CMI, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Knotek
- Department of Primary Metrology of Liquids Flow, Flow Velocity and Heat, CMI, Brno, Czech Republic
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Batista E, Álvares M, Martins RF, Ogheard F, Geršl J, Godinho I. Measurement of internal diameters of capillaries and glass syringes using gravimetric and optical methods for microflow applications. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2023; 68:29-38. [PMID: 36347268 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microflow measurement devices are used in several science and health applications, mainly drug delivery. In the last decade, several new methods based on optical technology were developed, namely the front tracking and interferometric method, in which the knowledge of the inner diameter of the syringe or the capillary used is critical. Only a few National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) can perform inner diameter measurements below 1 mm, which requires expensive technology. Therefore, IPQ, in cooperation with CETIAT, CMI and UNIDEMI, under the EMPIR project 18HLT08 MeDDII - Metrology for Drug Delivery, developed new measurement methods for small inner diameter tubes based on the gravimetric principle and optical methods in order to simplify the apparatus used for this type of measurements without increasing uncertainty. METHODS The gravimetric experimental setup consists of measuring the liquid volume on a specific length of the glass tube. The optical method used is based on the front track principle that uses a high-resolution camera and ImageJ software, to determine the diameter at both ends of each capillary. RESULTS To validate the developed methods, a comparison was performed between CETIAT, CMI and IPQ and the results obtained were all consistent. CONCLUSIONS This work allowed the determination of inner diameter of syringes or capillaries using two different methods with relative expanded uncertainties from 0.1 to 0.5% (k=2), that can be applied for flow measurements using optical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Batista
- Portuguese Institute for Quality - IPQ, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Álvares
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui F Martins
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Florestan Ogheard
- Centre Technique des Industries Aérauliques et Thermiques - CETIAT, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jan Geršl
- Czech Metrology Institute- CMI, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Godinho
- Portuguese Institute for Quality - IPQ, Caparica, Portugal
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Fortin AMV, Long AS, Williams A, Meier MJ, Cox J, Pinsonnault C, Yauk CL, White PA. Application of a new approach methodology (NAM)-based strategy for genotoxicity assessment of data-poor compounds. Front Toxicol 2023; 5:1098432. [PMID: 36756349 PMCID: PMC9899896 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1098432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional battery for genotoxicity testing is not well suited to assessing the large number of chemicals needing evaluation. Traditional in vitro tests lack throughput, provide little mechanistic information, and have poor specificity in predicting in vivo genotoxicity. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) aim to accelerate the pace of hazard assessment and reduce reliance on in vivo tests that are time-consuming and resource-intensive. As such, high-throughput transcriptomic and flow cytometry-based assays have been developed for modernized in vitro genotoxicity assessment. This includes: the TGx-DDI transcriptomic biomarker (i.e., 64-gene expression signature to identify DNA damage-inducing (DDI) substances), the MicroFlow® assay (i.e., a flow cytometry-based micronucleus (MN) test), and the MultiFlow® assay (i.e., a multiplexed flow cytometry-based reporter assay that yields mode of action (MoA) information). The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of the TGx-DDI transcriptomic biomarker, multiplexed with the MicroFlow® and MultiFlow® assays, as an integrated NAM-based testing strategy for screening data-poor compounds prioritized by Health Canada's New Substances Assessment and Control Bureau. Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were exposed to 3 control and 10 data-poor substances, using a 6-point concentration range. Gene expression profiling was conducted using the targeted TempO-Seq™ assay, and the TGx-DDI classifier was applied to the dataset. Classifications were compared with those based on the MicroFlow® and MultiFlow® assays. Benchmark Concentration (BMC) modeling was used for potency ranking. The results of the integrated hazard calls indicate that five of the data-poor compounds were genotoxic in vitro, causing DNA damage via a clastogenic MoA, and one via a pan-genotoxic MoA. Two compounds were likely irrelevant positives in the MN test; two are considered possibly genotoxic causing DNA damage via an ambiguous MoA. BMC modeling revealed nearly identical potency rankings for each assay. This ranking was maintained when all endpoint BMCs were converted into a single score using the Toxicological Prioritization (ToxPi) approach. Overall, this study contributes to the establishment of a modernized approach for effective genotoxicity assessment and chemical prioritization for further regulatory scrutiny. We conclude that the integration of TGx-DDI, MicroFlow®, and MultiFlow® endpoints is an effective NAM-based strategy for genotoxicity assessment of data-poor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie V. Fortin
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra S. Long
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Meier
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Cox
- Bureau of Gastroenterology, Infection and Viral Diseases, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Pinsonnault
- New Substances Assessment and Control Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carole L. Yauk
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Carole L. Yauk, ; Paul A. White,
| | - Paul A. White
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Carole L. Yauk, ; Paul A. White,
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Kong Y, Yu X, Peng G, Wang F, Yin Y. Interstitial Fluid Flows along Perivascular and Adventitial Clearances around Neurovascular Bundles. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040172. [PMID: 36278641 PMCID: PMC9624367 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports new phenomena of the interstitial fluid (ISF) microflow along perivascular and adventitial clearances (PAC) around neurovascular bundles. The fluorescent tracing was used to observe the ISF flow along the PAC of neurovascular bundles in 8-10 week old BALB/c mice. The new results include: (1) the topologic structure of the PAC around the neurovascular bundles is revealed; (2) the heart-orientated ISF flow along the PAC is observed; (3) the double-belt ISF flow along the venous adventitial clearance of the PAC is recorded; (4) the waterfall-like ISF flow induced by the small branching vessel or torn fascia along the PAC is discovered. Based on the above new phenomena, this paper approached the following objectives: (1) the kinematic laws of the ISF flow along the PAC around neurovascular bundles are set up; (2) the applicability of the hypothesis on the PAC and its subspaces by numerical simulations are examined. The findings of this paper not only enriched the image of the ISF flow through the body but also explained the kernel structure of the ISF flow (i.e., the PAC). It helps to lay the foundation for the kinematics and dynamics of the ISF flow along the PAC around neurovascular bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiya Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yajun Yin
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (Y.Y.)
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Aziz MU, Robbin ML. Improved Detection of Gallbladder Perforation Using Ultrasound Small Vessel Slow Flow "Perfusion" Imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2022; 41:511-518. [PMID: 33885191 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder (GB) perforation is a potentially fatal cause of acute abdomen. Higher morbidity and mortality are associated with this entity due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasound with color/power Doppler and contrast sonography can detect wall discontinuity; however, sometimes it can be subtle or unavailable. Small vessel slow flow "perfusion" imaging allows improved microvascular perfusion detection using different filters, which result in increased spatial resolution and vessel visualization. Noncontrast perfusion imaging was of immense clinical value in the diagnosis of GB perforation in the six cases presented here. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing efficacy of noncontrast "perfusion" imaging in detection of GB perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Aziz
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michelle L Robbin
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Yang G, Lai H, Lin W, Tong J, Cao J, Luo J, Zhang Y, Cui C. A quantitative model to understand the microflow-controlled sintering mechanism of metal particles at nanometer to micron scale. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:505721. [PMID: 34474405 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the particle size effect on the sintering behaviors of Cu particles at nanometer to micron scale is explored. The results show that micron-sized particles could form obvious sintering necks at a low temperature of 260 °C, exhibiting a shear strength as high as 64 MPa. A power relation ofx ∝ a0.8between sintering neck radius (x) and particle radius (a) is discovered, and a sintering model with a quantitative relational expression of (x/a)5 = 160γδDt/3akTis proposed by considering the surface tension driven microflow process between adjacent particles to predict the growth of sintering necks. It is concluded that the sintering process of particles at nanometer to micron scale is controlled by microflow mechanism instead of diffusion mechanism. Our proposed model provides a new theoretical basis for understanding the kinetic growth mechanism of sintering necks of metal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528225, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiye Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528225, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528225, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528225, People's Republic of China
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Gao ZX, Yue Y, Yang JM, Li JY, Wu H, Jin ZJ. Numerical Study of the Microflow Characteristics in a V-ball Valve. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:155. [PMID: 33557370 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
V-ball valves are widely applied in many process industries to regulate fluid flow, and they have advantages of good approximately equal percentage flow characteristics and easy maintenance. However, in some applications, the V-ball valve needs to have good performance under both large and extremely small flow coefficients. In this paper, the improvement of the original V-ball valve is made and the flow characteristics between the original and the improved V-ball valve are compared. Two types of small gaps are added to the original V-ball, namely the gap with an approximately rectangular port and the gap with an approximately triangular port. The effects of the structure and the dimension of the gap on flow characteristics are investigated. Results show that within the gap, the flow coefficient increases but the loss coefficient decreases as the valve opening increases, and the flow coefficient has an approximately linear relationship with the flow cross-area of the added gap. Results also show that under the same flow cross-area, the flow coefficient has a higher value if the distance between the gap and the ball center is greater or if the gap is an approximately rectangular port, while the loss coefficient has an opposite trend.
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Burns EC, Moran J, Breidinger S, Ho S, Guthrie R, Amaravardi L. Report on the 17th Annual Land O'Lakes Bioanalytical Conference. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2183-7. [PMID: 27665666 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
17th Annual Land O'Lakes Bioanalytical Conference, Madison, WI, USA, 11-14 July 2016 The 17th Annual Land O'Lakes Bioanalytical Conference, titled 'Biomarker Validation, Stability, and Regulatory Concerns', was held on 11-14 July 2016 (Monday through Thursday) in Madison, WI, USA. The Land O'Lakes Conference is presented each year by the Division of Pharmacy Professional Development within the School of Pharmacy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA). The purpose of this 3-day conference is to provide an educational forum to discuss issues and applications associated with the analysis of xenobiotics, metabolites, biologics and biomarkers in biological matrices. The conference is designed to include and encourage an open exchange of scientific and methodological applications for bioanalysis. To increase the interactive nature of the conference, the program is a mixture of lectures, interactive discussions and a poster session. This report summarizes the presentations at the 17th Annual Conference.
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Burns EC, Guthrie RH, Fluhler EN, Stubbs RJ, Bateman K, King L, Moran J. 16th Annual Land O'Lakes Bioanalytical Conference. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2731-4. [PMID: 26563751 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This Land O'Lakes Conference is presented each year by the Division of Pharmacy Professional Development within the School of Pharmacy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA). The purpose of this 3-day conference is to provide an educational forum to discuss issues and applications associated with the analysis of xenobiotics, metabolites, biologics and biomarkers in biological matrices. The conference is designed to include and encourage an open exchange of scientific and methodological applications for bioanalysis. To increase the interactive nature of the conference, the program is a mixture of lectures, interactive discussions and a poster session. This report summarized the presentations at the 16th Annual Conference. 6th Annual Land O'Lakes Bioanalytical Conference, Fluno Center Madison, WI, USA, 13-16 July 2015.
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Shvydkiv O, Nolan K, Oelgemöller M. Microphotochemistry: 4,4'-Dimethoxybenzophenone mediated photodecarboxylation reactions involving phthalimides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1055-63. [PMID: 21915208 PMCID: PMC3170193 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone mediated intra- and intermolecular photodecarboxylation reactions involving phthalimides have been examined under microflow conditions. Conversion rates, isolated yields and chemoselectivities were compared to analogous reactions in a batch photoreactor. In all cases investigated, the microreactions gave superior results thus proving the superiority of microphotochemistry over conventional technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shvydkiv
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kieran Nolan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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15
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Abstract
Microfluidic devices with channel cross sections measuring 4 × 10 μm(2) instrumented with gold microelectrodes were used to sense flow rates of ionic solutions on the basis of electric impedance (EI) measured perpendicular to the flow. Negative pressures were applied to access ports of the microdevices to generate flow of saline solutions (physiologic concentrations 0.9%) through the micro-EI recording zone with flow rates between 2.4 and 4.8 μl min(-1). The EI spectra (100 Hz-20 MHz) recorded under flow conditions were compared with the no-flow condition. Changes in the magnitude of EI (at 350 Hz) for flow rates as low as 2.4 μl min(-1) were statistically significant compared with the no-flow condition. The observed dependence of EI on flow rate is attributed to the relative difference between the rate of migration of charge-balancing electrolyte ions to the electrode surface and the rate of removal of the same ions by forced convection. An electrochemical convection-diffusion model was used to study the observed dependence on flow. Simulations support the conceptual model that passing DC current from the gold electrodes into the ionic solution results in an increase in ionic concentration near the electrode surface (due to the inward migration of counter-balancing ions). When the fluid flow rates increase, these counter-balancing ions are replaced by the bulk solution, thereby lowering the average ionic concentration within the recording zone. This local concentration drop results in an increase in the real part of the impedance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Edward Ayliffe
- Department of Bioengineering, Unversity of Utah, 50 South Central Campus Drive 2480 MEB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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