1
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Yucel M, Onbas R, Arslan Yildiz A, Yildiz UH. The Soft Nanodots as Fluorescent Probes for Cell Imaging: Analysis of Cell and Spheroid Penetration Behavior of Single Chain Polymer Dots. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300402. [PMID: 38102867 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the formation, size control, and penetration behavior of polymer nanodots (Pdots) consisting of single or few chain polythiophene-based conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) via nanophase separation between good solvent and poor solvent of CPE. Though the chain singularity may be associated with dilution nanophase separation suggests that molecules of a good solvent create a thermodynamically driven solvation layer surrounding the CPEs and thereby separating the single chains even in their poor solvents. This statement is therefore corroborated with emission intensity/lifetime, particle size, and scattering intensity of polyelectrolyte in good and poor solvents. Regarding the augmented features, Pdots are implemented into cell imaging studies to understand the nuclear penetration and to differentiate the invasive characteristics of breast cancer cells. The python based red, green, blue (RGB) color analysis depicts that Pdots have more nuclear penetration ability in triple negative breast cancer cells due to the different nuclear morphology in shape and composition and Pdots have penetrated cell membrane as well as extracellular matrix in spheroid models. The current Pdot protocol and its utilization in cancer cell imaging are holding great promise for gene/drug delivery to target cancer cells by explicitly achieving the very first priority of nuclear intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Yucel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 35430, Turkey
| | - Rabia Onbas
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 35430, Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 35430, Turkey
| | - Umit Hakan Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 35430, Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 35430, Turkey
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2
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Haghighi Shishavan Y, Amjadi M, Manzoori JL. A fluorescent magnetic nanosensor for imidacloprid based on the incorporation of polymer dots and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles into the covalent organic framework. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:2056-2064. [PMID: 37721052 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic nanoprobe was designed for imidacloprid by encapsulating nonconjugated polymer dots (NCPDs) and Fe3 O4 nanoparticles in the covalent organic framework (COF). The fluorescence intensity of the COF-based nanocomposite is markedly suppressed by imidacloprid. As the absorption spectrum of imidacloprid was close to the band-gap of the NCPDs, and due to the presence of a nitro group (as an electron acceptor), the electrons can be easily transferred from the conduction band of NCPDs to the LUMO of imidacloprid, so fluorescence quenching was more likely to have been caused by the electron transfer process. The COF-based nanosensor was used for the determination of imidacloprid in the linear range 1.3-130 nM with a detection limit of 1.2 nM. The high sensitivity of the nanoprobe for imidacloprid is due to the combination of COF benefits (accumulation of the imidacloprid into the COF cavities) and the high adsorption ability of the Fe3 O4 nanoparticles, which leads to further enrichment of imidacloprid. The magnetic nature of the nanocomposite enables the preconcentration and easy separation of the analyte, and so reduces matrix interference and lowers the detection limits. The practicality of this nanoprobe was confirmed by quantification of imidacloprid in the wastewater and fruit juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Amjadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamshid L Manzoori
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Fang L, Ai R, Wang W, Tan L, Li C, Wang D, Jiang R, Qiu F, Qi L, Yang J, Zhou W, Zhu T, Tan W, Jiang Y, Fang X. Hyperbranched Polymer Dots with Strong Absorption and High Fluorescence Quantum Yield for In Vivo NIR-II Imaging. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8734-8742. [PMID: 37669506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of NIR-II-emitting nanoparticles, D-A-D fluorophores are typically linked to intramolecular rotatable units to reduce aggregation-induced quenching. However, incorporating such units often leads to a twisted molecular backbone, which affects the coupling within the D-A-D unit and, as a result, lowers the absorption. Here, we overcome this limitation by cross-linking the NIR-II fluorophores to form a 2D polymer network, which simultaneously achieves a high QY by well-controlled fluorophore separation and strong absorption by restricting intramolecular distortion. Using the strategy, we developed polymer dots with the highest NIR-II single-particle brightness among reported D-A-D-based nanoparticles and applied them for imaging of hindlimb vasculatures and tumors as well as fluorescence-guided tumor resection. The high brightness of the polymer dots offered exceptional image quality and excellent surgical results, showing a promising performance for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ai
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanyuan Li
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Dachi Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Fensheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Qi
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Chen D, Qi W, Liu Y, Yang Y, Shi T, Wang Y, Fang X, Wang Y, Xi L, Wu C. Near-Infrared II Semiconducting Polymer Dots: Chain Packing Modulation and High-Contrast Vascular Imaging in Deep Tissues. ACS Nano 2023; 17:17082-17094. [PMID: 37590168 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window has attracted considerable interest in investigations of vascular structure and angiogenesis, providing valuable information for the precise diagnosis of early stage diseases. However, it remains challenging to image small blood vessels in deep tissues because of the strong photon scattering and low fluorescence brightness of the fluorophores. Here, we describe our combined efforts in both fluorescent probe design and image algorithm development for high-contrast vascular imaging in deep turbid tissues such as mouse and rat brains with intact skull. First, we use a polymer blending strategy to modulate the chain packing behavior of the large, rigid, NIR-II semiconducting polymers to produce compact and bright polymer dots (Pdots), a prerequisite for in vivo fluorescence imaging of small blood vessels. We further developed a robust Hessian matrix method to enhance the image contrast of vascular structures, particularly the small and weakly fluorescent vessels. The enhanced vascular images obtained in whole-body mouse imaging exhibit more than an order of magnitude improvement in the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) as compared to the original images. Taking advantage of the bright Pdots and Hessian matrix method, we finally performed through-skull NIR-II fluorescence imaging and obtained a high-contrast cerebral vasculature in both mouse and rat models bearing brain tumors. This study in Pdot probe development and imaging algorithm enhancement provides a promising approach for NIR-II fluorescence vascular imaging of deep turbid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Weizhi Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tianyue Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Su SP, Lee YC, Lin SL, Li YX, Lin MY, Chan YH, Lee YJ, Yang MH, Chiang HK. Realization of NIR-II 3D whole-body contour and tumor blood vessels imaging in small animals using rotational stereo vision technique. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:094807. [PMID: 37234194 PMCID: PMC10208585 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.9.094807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Significance Optical imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000 to 1700 nm) region is capable of deep tumor vascular imaging due to low light scattering and low autofluorescence. Non-invasive real-time NIR-II fluorescence imaging is instrumental in monitoring tumor status. Aim Our aim is to develop an NIR-II fluorescence rotational stereo imaging system for 360-deg three-dimensional (3D) imaging of whole-body blood vessels, tumor vessels, and 3D contour of mice. Approach Our study combined an NIR-II camera with a 360-deg rotational stereovision technique for tumor vascular imaging and 3D surface contour for mice. Moreover, self-made NIR-II fluorescent polymer dots were applied in high-contrast NIR-II vascular imaging, along with a 3D blood vessel enhancement algorithm for acquiring high-resolution 3D blood vessel images. The system was validated with a custom-made 3D printing phantom and in vivo experiments of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Results The results showed that the NIR-II 3D 360-deg tumor blood vessels and mice contour could be reconstructed with 0.15 mm spatial resolution, 0.3 mm depth resolution, and 5 mm imaging depth in an ex vivo experiment. Conclusions The pioneering development of an NIR-II 3D 360-deg rotational stereo imaging system was first applied in small animal tumor blood vessel imaging and 3D surface contour imaging, demonstrating its capability of reconstructing tumor blood vessels and mice contour. Therefore, the 3D imaging system can be instrumental in monitoring tumor therapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Po Su
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Lee
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Syue-Liang Lin
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Department of Applied Chemistry, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ying Lin
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Department of Applied Chemistry, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huihua Kenny Chiang
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Lu Y, Song W, Tang Z, Shi W, Gao S, Wu J, Wang Y, Pan H, Wang Y, Huang H. The Preparation of Golgi Apparatus-Targeted Polymer Dots Encapsulated with Carbon Nanodots of Bright Near-Infrared Fluorescence for Long-Term Bioimaging. Molecules 2023; 28:6366. [PMID: 37687195 PMCID: PMC10488926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As a vital organelle in eukaryotic cells, the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and transporting proteins in cells. Precisely monitoring the status of the Golgi apparatus with targeted fluorescence imaging technology is of enormous importance but remains a dramatically challenging task. In this study, we demonstrate the construction of the first Golgi apparatus-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobe, termed Golgi-Pdots. As a starting point of our investigation, hydrophobic carbon nanodots (CNDs) with bright NIR fluorescence at 674 nm (fluorescence quantum yield: 12.18%), a narrow emission band of 23 nm, and excellent stability were easily prepared from Magnolia Denudata flowers using an ultrasonic method. Incorporating the CNDs into a polymer matrix modified with Golgi-targeting molecules allowed for the production of the water-soluble Golgi-Pdots, which showed high colloidal stability and similar optical properties compared with pristine CNDs. Further studies revealed that the Golgi-Pdots showed good biocompatibility and Golgi apparatus-targeting capability. Based on these fascinating merits, utilizing Golgi-Pdots for the long-term tracking of the Golgi apparatus inside live cells was immensely successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Lu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China (Z.T.)
| | - Wei Song
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhiquan Tang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China (Z.T.)
| | - Wenru Shi
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China (Z.T.)
| | - Shumei Gao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China (Z.T.)
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China (Z.T.)
| | - Hu Pan
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China (Z.T.)
| | - Yangang Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China (Z.T.)
| | - Hong Huang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China (Z.T.)
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7
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Li J, Guo Y, Ren P, Zhang Y, Han R, Xiong L. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein-Mediated Polymer Dots for Multimodal Imaging Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue Capillaries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:28981-28992. [PMID: 37289581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissues (BATs) have been identified as a promising target of metabolism disorders. [18F]FDG-PET (FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose; PET = positron emission tomography) has been predominantly employed for BAT imaging, but its limitations drive the urgent need for novel functional probes combined with multimodal imaging approaches. It has been reported that polymer dots (Pdots) display rapid BAT imaging without additional cold stimulation. However, the mechanism by which Pdots image BAT remains unclear. Here, we made an intensive study of the imaging mechanism and found that Pdots can bind to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). By virtue of their high affinity to TRLs, Pdots selectively accumulate in capillary endothelial cells (ECs) in interscapular brown adipose tissues (iBATs). Compared to poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)cumene terminated (PSMAC)-Pdots with a short half-life and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Pdots with low lipophilicity, naked-Pdots have good lipophilicity, with a half-life of about 30 min and up to 94% uptake in capillary ECs within 5 min, increasing rapidly after acute cold stimulation. These results suggested that the accumulation changes of Pdots in iBAT can reflect iBAT activity sensitively. Based on this mechanism, we further developed a strategy to detect iBAT activity and quantify the TRL uptake in vivo using multimodal Pdots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Guo
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Panting Ren
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
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8
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Yuan C, Xu YT, Huang YT, Zhou H, Jiang XW, Ju P, Zhu YC, Zhang L, Lin P, Chen G, Zhao WW. Polymer Dot-Gated Accumulation-Type Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor for Urea Biosensing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1835-1840. [PMID: 37011305 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) biosensing represents a new platform interfacing optoelectronics and biological systems with essential amplification, which, nevertheless, are concentrated on depletion-type operation to date. Here, a polymer dot (Pdot)-gated accumulation-type OPECT biosensor is devised and applied for sensitive urea detection. In such a device, the as-designed Pdot/poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) is validated as a superior gating module against the diethylenetriamine (DETA) de-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) channel, and the urea-dependent status of Pdots has been shown to be sensitively correlated with the device's response. High-performance urea detection is thus realized with a wide linear range of 1 μM-50 mM and a low detection limit of 195 nM. Given the diversity of the Pdot family and its immense interactions with other species, this work represents a generic platform for developing advanced accumulation-type OPECT and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Xing-Wu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, No. 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
| | - Peng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, No. 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials & Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guangxu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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9
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Jeong JE, Sutton JJ, Ryu HS, Kang M, Tay EJ, Nguyen TL, Gordon KC, Shim SH, Woo HY. Resonant Raman-Active Polymer Dot Barcodes for Multiplex Cell Mapping. ACS Nano 2023; 17:4800-4812. [PMID: 36863001 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy is an efficient tool for multiplex imaging because of the narrow bandwidth of the electronically enhanced vibrational signals. However, Raman signals are often overwhelmed by concurrent fluorescence. In this study, we synthesized a series of truxene-based conjugated Raman probes to show structure-specific Raman fingerprint patterns with a common 532 nm light source. The subsequent polymer dot (Pdot) formation of the Raman probes efficiently suppressed fluorescence via aggregation-induced quenching and improved the dispersion stability of particles without leakage of Raman probes or particle agglomeration for more than 1 year. Additionally, the Raman signal amplified by electronic resonance and increased probe concentration exhibited over 103 times higher relative Raman intensities versus 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, enabling successful Raman imaging. Finally, multiplex Raman mapping was demonstrated with a single 532 nm laser using six Raman-active and biocompatible Pdots as barcodes for live cells. Resonant Raman-active Pdots may suggest a simple, robust, and efficient way for multiplex Raman imaging using a standard Raman spectrometer, suggesting the broad applicability of our strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua J Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin and MacDiarmid Institute, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Elliot J Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin and MacDiarmid Institute, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin and MacDiarmid Institute, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sang-Hee Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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10
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Creamer A, Fiego AL, Agliano A, Prados-Martin L, Høgset H, Najer A, Richards DA, Wojciechowski JP, Foote JEJ, Kim N, Monahan A, Tang J, Shamsabadi A, Rochet LNC, Thanasi IA, de la Ballina LR, Rapley CL, Turnock S, Love EA, Bugeon L, Dallman MJ, Heeney M, Kramer-Marek G, Chudasama V, Fenaroli F, Stevens MM. Modular Synthesis of Semiconducting Graft Copolymers to Achieve "Clickable" Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Long Circulation and Specific Cancer Targeting. Adv Mater 2023:e2300413. [PMID: 36905683 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) are explored for applications in cancer theranostics because of their high absorption coefficients, photostability, and biocompatibility. However, SPNs are susceptible to aggregation and protein fouling in physiological conditions, which can be detrimental for in vivo applications. Here, a method for achieving colloidally stable and low-fouling SPNs is described by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) onto the backbone of the fluorescent semiconducting polymer, poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-5-fluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole), in a simple one-step substitution reaction, postpolymerization. Further, by utilizing azide-functionalized PEG, anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibodies, antibody fragments, or affibodies are site-specifically "clicked" onto the SPN surface, which allows the functionalized SPNs to specifically target HER2-positive cancer cells. In vivo, the PEGylated SPNs are found to have excellent circulation efficiencies in zebrafish embryos for up to seven days postinjection. SPNs functionalized with affibodies are then shown to be able to target HER2 expressing cancer cells in a zebrafish xenograft model. The covalent PEGylated SPN system described herein shows great potential for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Creamer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alessandra Lo Fiego
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alice Agliano
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lino Prados-Martin
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Håkon Høgset
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adrian Najer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jonathan P Wojciechowski
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James E J Foote
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Amy Monahan
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jiaqing Tang
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - André Shamsabadi
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Léa N C Rochet
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ioanna A Thanasi
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Laura R de la Ballina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0372, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0450, Norway
| | | | - Stephen Turnock
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Love
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Laurence Bugeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Margaret J Dallman
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, 4021, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, Oslo, 0371, Norway
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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11
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Deng S, Li L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Huang Z, Chen H. Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Point-of-Care Biosensing and In Vivo Bioimaging: A Concise Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:bios13010137. [PMID: 36671972 PMCID: PMC9855952 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) have attracted much attention due to their excellent photophysical properties and applicability, such as large absorption cross section, high brightness, tunable fluorescence emission, excellent photostability, good biocompatibility, facile modification and regulation. Therefore, Pdots have been widely used in various types of sensing and imaging in biological medicine. More importantly, the recent development of Pdots for point-of-care biosensing and in vivo imaging has emerged as a promising class of optical diagnostic technologies for clinical applications. In this review, we briefly outline strategies for the preparation and modification of Pdots and summarize the recent progress in the development of Pdots-based optical probes for analytical detection and biomedical imaging. Finally, challenges and future developments of Pdots for biomedical applications are given.
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12
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Wang K, Qu L, Yang C. Long-Lived Dynamic Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Carbon Dots Based Materials. Small 2023:e2206429. [PMID: 36609989 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a type of room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) material, carbon dots (CDs) always show short lifetime and low phosphorescence efficiency. To counter these disadvantages, several strategies, such as embedding in rigid matrix, introducing of heteroatom, crosslink-enhanced emission, etc., are well developed. Consequently, lots of CDs-based RTP materials are obtained. Doping of CDs into various matrix is the dominant method for preparation of long-lived CDs-based RTP materials so far. The desired CDs@matrix composites always display outstanding RTP performances. Meanwhile, matrix-free CDs and carbonized polymer dots-based RTP materials are also widely developed. Amounts of CDs possessing ultra-long lived, multiple colored, and dynamic RTP emission are successfully obtained. Herein, the recent progress achieved in CDs-based RTP materials as well as the corresponding efficient strategies and emission mechanisms are summarized and reviewed in detail. Due to CDs-based RTP materials possess excellent chemical stability, photostability and low biological toxicity, they exhibit great application potential in the fields of anti-counterfeiting, data encryption, and biological monitoring. The application of the CDs-based RTP materials is also introduced in this review. As a promising functional material, development of long wavelength RTP emitting CDs with long lifetime is still challengeable, especially for the red and near-infrared emitting RTP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiti Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Lunjun Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Chaolong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
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13
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Li Y, Lu S, Zhang Y, Li J, Xiong L. High-Resolution Imaging of the Ocular Vasculature of Conjunctivitis in Mice Using Highly Bright Polymer Dots. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200978. [PMID: 36027786 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases are mainly caused by vascular aberrations in the eye, and accurate imaging and analysis of the ocular vascular structure is crucial. In this study, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) polymer dots (Pdots), with the advantages of easy synthesis, high brightness, and low toxicity, are used as nanoprobes to perform high-resolution imaging of the vasculature of the eyeball and optic nerve. Moreover, rapid imaging of the choroidal microvessels is carried out by stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy with a resolution of up to 1.6 µm. The comprehensive 3D vascular information of retinal aorta and optic nerve microvessels is obtained by combining tissue clearing and multiphoton microscopy. In addition, the vascular density of Schlemm's canal and iris blood vessels is compared between the conjunctivitis mice and the normal mice. These results suggest that PFBT Pdots have great application potential in the fast and accurate imaging of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Lu
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
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14
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Riahin C, Mendis K, Busick B, Ptaszek M, Yang M, Stacey G, Parvate A, Evans JE, Traeger J, Hu D, Orr G, Rosenzweig Z. Near Infrared Emitting Semiconductor Polymer Dots for Bioimaging and Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7218. [PMID: 36236328 PMCID: PMC9571013 DOI: 10.3390/s22197218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) are rapidly becoming one of the most studied nanoparticles in fluorescence bioimaging and sensing. Their small size, high brightness, and resistance to photobleaching make them one of the most attractive fluorophores for fluorescence imaging and sensing applications. This paper highlights our recent advances in fluorescence bioimaging and sensing with nanoscale luminescent Pdots, specifically the use of organic dyes as dopant molecules to modify the optical properties of Pdots to enable deep red and near infrared fluorescence bioimaging applications and to impart sensitivity of dye doped Pdots towards selected analytes. Building on our earlier work, we report the formation of secondary antibody-conjugated Pdots and provide Cryo-TEM evidence for their formation. We demonstrate the selective targeting of the antibody-conjugated Pdots to FLAG-tagged FLS2 membrane receptors in genetically engineered plant leaf cells. We also report the formation of a new class of luminescent Pdots with emission wavelengths of around 1000 nm. Finally, we demonstrate the formation and utility of oxygen sensing Pdots in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Riahin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Kushani Mendis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Brandon Busick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Mengran Yang
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Amar Parvate
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jeremiah Traeger
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Zeev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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15
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Mucha S, Piksa M, Firlej L, Krystyniak A, Różycka M, Kazana W, Pawlik KJ, Samoć M, Matczyszyn K. Non-toxic Polymeric Dots with the Strong Protein-Driven Enhancement of One- and Two-Photon Excited Emission for Sensitive and Non-destructive Albumin Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:40200-40213. [PMID: 36017993 PMCID: PMC9460497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The need for efficient probing, sensing, and control of the bioactivity of biomolecules (e.g., albumins) has led to the engineering of new fluorescent albumins' markers fulfilling very specific chemical, physical, and biological requirements. Here, we explore acetone-derived polymer dots (PDs) as promising candidates for albumin probes, with special attention paid to their cytocompatibility, two-photon absorption properties, and strong ability to non-destructively interact with serum albumins. The PDs show no cytotoxicity and exhibit high photostability. Their pronounced green fluorescence is observed upon both one-photon excitation (OPE) and two-photon excitation (TPE). Our studies show that both OPE and TPE emission responses of PDs are proteinaceous environment-sensitive. The proteins appear to constitute a matrix for the dispersion of fluorescent PDs, limiting both their aggregation and interactions with the aqueous environment. It results in a large enhancement of PD fluorescence. Meanwhile, the PDs do not interfere with the secondary protein structures of albumins, nor do they induce their aggregation, enabling the PD candidates to be good nanomarkers for non-destructive probing and sensing of albumins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian
G. Mucha
- Laboratoire
Charles Coulomb, UMR5221, Université
de Montpellier (CNRS), Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Marta Piksa
- Ludwik
Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland
| | - Lucyna Firlej
- Laboratoire
Charles Coulomb, UMR5221, Université
de Montpellier (CNRS), Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Agnieszka Krystyniak
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Mirosława
O. Różycka
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Wioletta Kazana
- Ludwik
Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J. Pawlik
- Ludwik
Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland
| | - Marek Samoć
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
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16
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Peng L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Fang X, Wang Y, Wu C. Surface Plasmon-Enhanced NIR-II Fluorescence in a Multilayer Nanoprobe for Through-Skull Mouse Brain Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:38575-38583. [PMID: 35975821 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) holds great potential for the accurate visualization of deeply located biological structures in vivo. However, the weak fluorescence of current NIR-II fluorophores remains a long-standing challenge for the ever-growing imaging demand. Here, we describe a surface plasmon-enhanced NIR-II fluorescence strategy by incorporating silica-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) and polymer dots (Pdots) into a multilayer nanostructure. Precise manipulation of the silica spacing layer thickness signifies an optimum distance of 8.6 nm, where an enhancement factor of up to 6.4 is achieved in the NIR-II imaging window. The surface plasmon enhancement approach is successfully extended to several types of Pdots fluorophores with NIR-II emission. We finally perform outer-layer encapsulation and PEGylation for the multilayer probes and demonstrate surface plasmon-enhanced NIR-II fluorescence for mouse brain imaging through the skull, which exhibits a refined signal-to-background ratio and penetration depth as compared to the clinically approved ICG dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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17
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Riahin C, Meares A, Esemoto NN, Ptaszek M, LaScola M, Pandala N, Lavik E, Yang M, Stacey G, Hu D, Traeger JC, Orr G, Rosenzweig Z. Hydroporphyrin-Doped Near-Infrared-Emitting Polymer Dots for Cellular Fluorescence Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:20790-20801. [PMID: 35451825 PMCID: PMC9210996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) have shown great potential for fluorescence imaging due to their exceptional chemical and photophysical properties. This paper describes the synthesis of NIR-emitting Pdots with great control and tunability of emission peak wavelength. The Pdots were prepared by doping poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(1,4-benzo-(2,1',3)-thiadiazole)] (PFBT), a semiconducting polymer commonly used as a host polymer in luminescent Pdots, with a series of chlorins and bacteriochlorins with varying functional groups. Chlorins and bacteriochlorins are ideal dopants due to their high hydrophobicity, which precludes their use as molecular probes in aqueous biological media but on the other hand prevents their leakage when doped into Pdots. Additionally, chlorins and bacteriochlorins have narrow deep red to NIR-emission bands and the wide array of synthetic modifications available for modifying their molecular structure enables tuning their emission predictably and systematically. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements show the chlorin- and bacteriochlorin-doped Pdots to be nearly spherical with an average diameter of 46 ± 12 nm. Efficient energy transfer between PFBT and the doped chlorins or bacteriochlorins decreases the PFBT donor emission to near baseline level and increases the emission of the doped dyes that serve as acceptors. The chlorin- and bacteriochlorin-doped Pdots show narrow emission bands ranging from 640 to 820 nm depending on the doped dye. The paper demonstrates the utility of the systematic chlorin and bacteriochlorin synthesis approach by preparing Pdots of varying emission peak wavelength, utilizing them to visualize multiple targets using wide-field fluorescence microscopy, binding them to secondary antibodies, and determining the binding of secondary antibody-conjugated Pdots to primary antibody-labeled receptors in plant cells. Additionally, the chlorin- and bacteriochlorin-doped Pdots show a blinking behavior that could enable their use in super-resolution imaging methods like STORM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Riahin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Adam Meares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Nopondo N Esemoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Michael LaScola
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Narendra Pandala
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Erin Lavik
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Mengran Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jeremiah C Traeger
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Zeev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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18
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Lee S, Park CS, Yoon H. Nanoparticulate Photoluminescent Probes for Bioimaging: Small Molecules and Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094949. [PMID: 35563340 PMCID: PMC9100005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in research on photoluminescent molecules due to their unique properties has played an important role in advancing the bioimaging field. In particular, small molecules and organic dots as probes have great potential for the achievement of bioimaging because of their desirable properties. In this review, we provide an introduction of probes consisting of fluorescent small molecules and polymers that emit light across the ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelength ranges, along with a brief summary of the most recent techniques for bioimaging. Since photoluminescence probes emitting light in different ranges have different goals and targets, their respective strategies also differ. Diverse and novel strategies using photoluminescence probes against targets have gradually been introduced in the related literature. Among recent papers (published within the last 5 years) on the topic, we here concentrate on the photophysical properties and strategies for the design of molecular probes, with key examples of in vivo photoluminescence research for practical applications. More in-depth studies on these probes will provide key insights into how to control the molecular structure and size/shape of organic probes for expanded bioimaging research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuck Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-1778
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19
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Karabacak S, Palaniappan A, Tony TSH, Edwin THT, Gulyás B, Padmanabhan P, Yildiz ÜH. Gadolinium and Polythiophene Functionalized Polyurea Polymer Dots as Fluoro-Magnetic Nanoprobes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12040642. [PMID: 35214969 PMCID: PMC8875818 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and one-pot synthesis of poly 3-thiopheneacetic acid (PTAA) functionalized polyurea polymer dots (Pdots) using polyethyleneimine and isophorone diisocyanate is reported. The one-pot mini-emulsion polymerization technique yielded Pdots with an average diameter of ~20 nm. The size, shape, and concentration of the surface functional groups could be controlled by altering the synthesis parameters such as ultrasonication time, concentration of the surfactant, and crosslinking agent, and the types of isocyanates utilized for the synthesis. Colloidal properties of Pdots were characterized using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. The spherical geometry of Pdots was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The Pdots were post-functionalized by 1,4,7,10 tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid for chelating gadolinium nanoparticles (Gd3+) that provide magnetic properties to the Pdots. Thus, the synthesized Pdots possess fluorescent and magnetic properties, imparted by PTAA and Gd3+, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy revealed that the synthesized dual-functional Gd3+-Pdots exhibited detectable fluorescent signals even at lower concentrations. Magnetic levitation experiments indicated that the Gd3+-Pdots could be easily manipulated via an external magnetic field. These findings illustrate that the dua- functional Gd3+-Pdots could be potentially utilized as fluorescent reporters that can be magnetically manipulated for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Karabacak
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla 35430, Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Alagappan Palaniappan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (A.P.); (T.H.T.E.)
| | - Tsang Siu Hon Tony
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Teo Hang Tong Edwin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (A.P.); (T.H.T.E.)
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore;
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore;
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (Ü.H.Y.)
| | - Ümit Hakan Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla 35430, Izmir, Turkey;
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla 35430, Izmir, Turkey
- Denge Kimya, Velimese Industrial Region St. Ergene, Corlu 59860, Tekirdag, Turkey
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (Ü.H.Y.)
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20
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Li Y, Su S, Yang C, Liu M, Lo P, Chen Y, Hsu C, Lee Y, Chiang HK, Chan Y. Molecular Design of Ultrabright Semiconducting Polymer Dots with High NIR-II Fluorescence for 3D Tumor Mapping. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100993. [PMID: 34549550 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence probes emitting in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window with the ability for deep-tissue imaging in mammals herald a new era in surgical methodology. However, the brightness of these NIR-II probes is still far from satisfactory due to their low fluorescence quantum yields (QYs), preventing the observation of high-resolution images such as whole-organ vascular networks in real time. Described here is the molecular engineering of a series of semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) incorporated with aggregation-induced emission moieties to exhibit the QYs as high as 14% in the NIR-II window. Benefiting from the ultrahigh brightness, a 1400 nm long-pass filter is utilized to realize in vivo 3D tumor mapping in mice. To further understand how the geometrical and electron structures of the semiconducting polymers affect their optical properties, the in-depth and thorough density-functional theory calculations are performed to interpret the experimental results. This study lays the groundwork for further molecular design of highly bright NIR-II Pdots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Xuan Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Po Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Chou‐Hsun Yang
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Ho Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Pin‐Ho Lo
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences School of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Chen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chao‐Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences Physics Division Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences School of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Huihua Kenny Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yang‐Hsiang Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
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21
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Ding L, Wu Y, Wu M, Zhao Q, Li H, Liu J, Liu X, Zhang X, Zeng Y. Engineered Red Blood Cell Biomimetic Nanovesicle with Oxygen Self-Supply for Near-Infrared-II Fluorescence-Guided Synergetic Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:52435-52449. [PMID: 34705421 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The low bioavailability of photosensitizers (PSs) and the hypoxia nature of tumors often limit the efficacy of current photodynamic therapy (PDT). Therefore, improving the utilization of three essential components (PS, light, and O2) in tumors will enhance PDT efficacy substantially. Herein, we have developed a red blood cell (RBC) biomimetic theranostic nanovesicle (named SPN-Hb@RBCM) with improved photostability, accumulation of PSs, and oxygen self-supply ability to enhance PDT efficacy upon near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Such a biomimetic nanovesicle was prepared by a red blood cell membrane (RBCM)-camouflaged hemoglobin (Hb)-linked semiconducting polymer nanoparticle (SPN-Hb). The RBCM coating enables the long-term circulation of SPN-Hb due to the membrane-mediated immune evasion, allowing for more effective PS accumulation in tumors. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, the photostable SPN can serve as both a photodynamic and a second-near-infrared-window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging agent; meanwhile, the conjugated Hb can be used as an oxygen carrier to relieve tumor hypoxia for enhancing PDT efficacy. In addition, Hb can also react with the tumor microenvironment overproduced H2O2 to generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OHs) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which further achieve synergistic effects for PDT. Thus, this study proposed a promising biomimetic theranostic nanoagent for enhancing tumor oxygenation and NIR-II fluorescence-guided synergetic CDT/PDT against hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, P. R. China
| | - Yanni Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Qingfu Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, P. R. China
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22
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Paisley NR, Halldorson SV, Tran MV, Gupta R, Kamal S, Algar WR, Hudson ZM. Near-Infrared-Emitting Boron-Difluoride-Curcuminoid-Based Polymers Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence as Biological Imaging Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18630-18638. [PMID: 34133838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared-emitting polymers were prepared using four boron-difluoride-curcuminoid-based monomers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Well-defined polymers with molecular weights of ≈20 kDa and dispersities <1.07 were produced and exhibited near-infrared (NIR) emission in solution and in the solid state with photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL ) as high as 0.72 and 0.18, respectively. Time-resolved emission spectroscopy revealed thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in polymers containing highly planar dopants, whereas room-temperature phosphorescence dominated with twisted species. Density functional theory demonstrated that rotation about the donor-acceptor linker can give rise to TADF, even where none would be expected based on calculations using ground-state geometries. Incorporation of TADF-active materials into water-soluble polymer dots (Pdots) gave NIR-emissive nanoparticles, and conjugation of these Pdots with antibodies enabled immunofluorescent labeling of SK-BR3 human breast-cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Paisley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sarah V Halldorson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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23
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Liu J, Fang X, Liu Z, Li R, Yang Y, Sun Y, Zhao Z, Wu C. Expansion Microscopy with Multifunctional Polymer Dots. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2007854. [PMID: 33988880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) provides nanoscale resolution on conventional microscopes via physically enlarging specimens with swellable polyelectrolyte gels. However, challenges involving fluorophore degradation and dilution during sample expansion have yet to be overcome. Herein, sequential cellular targeting, gel anchoring, and high-fidelity fluorescence reported using multifunctional polymer dots (Pdots) designed for ExM applications are demonstrated. The impressive brightness of the Pdots facilitates multicolor ExM, thereby enabling visualization of a variety of subcellular structures and neuron synapses. The average fluorescence intensities of Pdots in ExM range from ≈3 to 6 times higher than those achieved using commercially available Alexa dyes. Moreover, the fluorescence brightness and optical fluctuation are significantly improved by a surfactant-containing expansion buffer, which enables further resolution enhancement via super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). The combination of ExM and SOFI allows subcellular structures of ≈30 nm to be resolved by conventional microscopes. These results highlight the immense potential of multifunctional Pdots for ExM-enhanced super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Rongqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongying Zhao
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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24
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Ding Z, Dou X, Wang C, Feng G, Xie J, Zhang X. Ratiometric pH sensing by fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based hybrid semiconducting polymer dots in living cells. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:245502. [PMID: 33636714 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abea38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pH plays a significant role in all cell activities. Due to their precise imaging capabilities, fluorescent probes have attracted much attention for the investigation of pH-regulated processes. Detecting intracellular pH values with high throughput is critical for cell research and applications. In this work, hybrid semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) were developed and characterized and were applied for cell imaging and exclusive ratiometric sensing of intracellular pH values. The reported Pdots were prepared by blending a synthesized block polymer (POMF) and a semiconducting polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEHPPV) to construct a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system for ratiometric sensing. Pdots showed many advantages, including high brightness, excellent photostability and biocompatibility, giving the pH probe high sensitivity and good stability. Our results proved the capability of POMF-MEHPPV Pdots for the detection of pH in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilin Dou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Feng
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhou X, Liu Q, Yuan W, Li Z, Xu Y, Feng W, Xu C, Li F. Ultrabright NIR-II Emissive Polymer Dots for Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Detection. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2000441. [PMID: 33643783 PMCID: PMC7887585 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative diagnosis of metastatic tumors is of significant importance to the treatment of ovarian cancer. NIR-II fluorescence imaging holds great promise for facile detection of tumor in situ with high sensitivity and resolution. Herein, a kind of NIR-II fluorescent polymer dots (NIR-II Pdots) with high brightness is developed for real-time detection of metastatic ovarian cancer via NIR-II fluorescence imaging. The NIR-II Pdots are constructed via the self-assembly of NIR-II emissive aggregation induced emission luminogens (NIR-II AIEgens) and poly (styrene)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) in water. Such NIR-II Pdots show very high fluorophore contents of nearly 30% and high quantum yield of 5.4% at emission maximum near 1020 nm. Further modification of the NIR-II Pdots with targeting peptides yields NIR-II Pdots-GnRH, which can afford enhanced affinity of NIR-II Pdots to ovarian cancer. Upon intravenous injection of the NIR-II Pdots, whole-body organs and vessels, peritoneal and lymphatic metastases of ovarian cancer are clearly visualized by NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Under the guidance of NIR-II fluorescence imaging, the metastatic foci with the diameter down to ≈2 mm can be facilely eliminated. The results indicate preclinical potential value of the NIR-II Pdots for metastatic ovarian cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases & Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University ShanghaiShanghai200011China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yuliang Xu
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases & Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University ShanghaiShanghai200011China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
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26
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Gupta N, Chan YH, Saha S, Liu MH. Near-Infrared-II Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Deep-tissue Fluorescence Imaging. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:175-184. [PMID: 33331122 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging, particularly in the NIR-II region (1000-1700 nm), has become an unprecedented tool for deep-tissue in vivo imaging. Among the fluorescent nanoprobes, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) appear to be a promising agent because of their tunable optical and photophysical properties, ultrahigh brightness, minimal autofluorescence, narrow-size distribution, and low cytotoxicity. This review elucidates the recent advances in Pdots for deep-tissue fluorescence imaging and the facing future translation to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Centre of Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ming-Ho Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 30010, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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27
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Abstract
Early diagnosis of diseases is of great importance because it increases the chance of a cure and significantly reduces treatment costs. Thus, development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable biosensing techniques is essential for the benefits of human life and health. As such, various nanomaterials have been explored to improve performance of biosensors, among which, carbon dots (CDs) have received enormous attention due to their excellent performance. In this Review, the recent advancements of CD-based biosensors have been carefully summarized. First, biosensors are classified according to their sensing strategies, and the role of CDs in these sensors is elaborated in detail. Next, several typical CD-based biosensors (including CD-only, enzymatic, antigen-antibody, and nucleic acid biosensors) and their applications are fully discussed. Last, advantages, challenges, and perspectives on the future trends of CD-based biosensors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Ji
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Zhili Peng
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Zhou D, Yang YD, Jin LY, Yang Y, Wang SH, Cai Q, Guan WB, Ma F, Xiong L. Near-Infrared Polymer Dots in the Portal-Hepatic Circulation Achieve Localization of Hepatic Carcinoma In Vivo. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:6177-6186. [PMID: 35021750 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to use polymer dots to explore whether they can visualize tumor lesions in a diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. The HCC rat model was set up, and serum liver function indexes and AFP were tested on days 0, 30, 60, and 90 of the modeling process. After characterization of the polymer dots, they were injected into the rats and mice. The liver, spleen, and kidney of rats and the gallbladder of mice were extracted to verify the metabolic pathways of the polymer dots and their capability of fluorescent localization of HCC and gallbladder by fluorescence imaging. Strong fluorescent emission from the liver appeared immediately and 15 min after the polymer dots were injected through the main portal veins and tail veins of the model rats, respectively. A satisfactory fluorescent imaging effect lasted up to 45 min. Polymer dots circulate through the bloodstream within intrahepatic vessels rather than intracellular areas and can be clearly visualized by using both the pCLE and IVIS spectrum imaging systems. Contrast imaging of HCC lesions without fluorescent emissions was due to the lack of normal portal-hepatic veins within the tumor areas. Fluorescent imaging of the gallbladder could also be detected at 15 min after the polymer dots were injected through the tail veins of mice. The polymer dots had satisfactory fluorescent localization capability for targeted intrahepatic vessels and HCC lesions in vivo and showed potential practical value in hepato-biliary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Dian Yang
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. No. 1954 Hua-Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Long Yang Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 26 Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shou Hua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Bin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. No. 1954 Hua-Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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29
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Liu Y, Liu J, Chen D, Wang X, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Jiang L, Qi W, Ye Z, He S, Liu Q, Xi L, Zou Y, Wu C. Fluorination Enhances NIR-II Fluorescence of Polymer Dots for Quantitative Brain Tumor Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21049-21057. [PMID: 32767727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a fluorination strategy for semiconducting polymers for the development of highly bright second near-infrared region (NIR-II) probes. Tetrafluorination yielded a fluorescence QY of 3.2 % for the polymer dots (Pdots), over a 3-fold enhancement compared to non-fluorinated counterparts. The fluorescence enhancement was attributable to a nanoscale fluorous effect in the Pdots that maintained the molecular planarity and minimized the structure distortion between the excited state and ground state, thus reducing the nonradiative relaxations. By performing through-skull and through-scalp imaging of the brain vasculature of live mice, we quantitatively analyzed the vascular morphology of transgenic brain tumors in terms of the vessel lengths, vessel branches, and vessel symmetry, which showed statistically significant differences from the wild type animals. The bright NIR-II Pdots obtained through fluorination chemistry provide insightful information for precise diagnosis of the malignancy of the brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiaosha Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Lihui Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Weizhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ziyuan Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shuqing He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Quanying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Shit A, Heo SB, In I, Park SY. Mineralized Soft and Elastic Polymer Dot Hydrogel for a Flexible Self-Powered Electronic Skin Sensor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:34105-34114. [PMID: 32613826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose an integrated, self-powered, flexible electronic skin device containing an alginate-derived polymer dot (A-PD)-incorporated mineralized hydrogel-based energy storage unit and a chitosan-derived n-type carbon dot (N-CD)-based solar cell for an energy-harvesting unit. This study demonstrates a unique architecture of mineralized hydrogel comprising A-PD-incorporated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/CaCO3/laponite containing soft and sensitive layers, deposited with a polyaniline electrode to serve as an energy storage unit. The self-assembly was achieved through the ionic cross-linking between A-PD and PAA driven by the mineralization process, resulting in excellent dimensional stability and improved mechanical properties of the hydrogel. The sp2 carbon-rich A-PD enhances the electrochemical performance and the overall photon-to-electrical conversion and storage efficiency for self-powered devices by the formation of the bridge of electrons between the ionized polymer and metal ion. The capacitive sensor developed in this study exhibits high sensitivity in detecting small pressure changes, such as the falling of small water droplets. The self-powered sensing device can detect and monitor various human motions continuously by harvesting light energy from outdoor sunlight. Furthermore, the energy-autonomous device exhibits unique responses for handwriting characters stably and repeatedly. The proposed system may be applicable to human-machine interfaces, biomonitoring systems, secure communication, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Shit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Beom Heo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Insik In
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
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31
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Zhang J, Teng F, Tang S, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Li J, Li Y, Zhang C, Xiong L. The Effect of Polymer Dots During Mammalian Early Embryo Development and Their Biocompatibility on Maternal Health. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000128. [PMID: 32567242 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer dots have excellent fluorescence properties in terms of their structural diversity and functional design, showing broad application prospects in the fields of biological imaging and biosensing. Polymer dots contain no heavy metals and are thought to be of low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Therefore, systematic studies on their potential toxicity are needed. Herein, the biocompatibility of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1',3}-thiadiazole)],10% benzothiadiazole(y) (PFBT) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) polymer dots on early embryo development as well as maternal health is studied in detail. The results show that prepared polymer dots are dose-dependently toxic to preimplantation embryos, and low-dose polymer dots can be used for cell labeling of early embryos without affecting the normal development of embryos into blastocysts. In addition, the in vivo distribution data show that the polymer dots accumulate mainly in the maternal liver, spleen, kidney, placenta, ovary, and lymph nodes of the pregnant mice. Histopathological examination and blood biochemical tests demonstrate that exposure of the maternal body to polymer dots at a dosage of 14 µg g-1 does not affect the normal function of the maternal organs and early fetal development. The research provides a safe basis for the wide application of polymer dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiang Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Fei Teng
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Tang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Guo
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yuqiao Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
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32
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Bai Y, Hu Z, Jiang JX, Huang F. Hydrophilic Conjugated Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1780-1790. [PMID: 32293789 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is viewed as a promising green strategy to utilize the inexhaustible solar energy and provide clean hydrogen fuels with zero-emission characteristic. The nature of semiconductor-based photocatalysts is the key point to achieve efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Conjugated materials have been recently emerging as a novel class of photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic reactions due to their electronic properties can be well controlled via tailor-made chemical structures. Hydrophilic conjugated materials, a subgroup of conjugated materials, possess multiple advantages for photocatalytic applications, thus spurring remarkable progress on both material realm and photocatalytic applications. This minireview aims to provide a brief review of the recent developments of hydrophilic conjugated polymers/small molecules for photocatalytic applications, and special concern on the rational molecular design and their impact on photocatalytic performance will be reviewed. Perspectives on the hydrophilic conjugated materials and challenges to their applications in the photocatalytic field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xing Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
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33
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Tonge CM, Paisley NR, Polgar AM, Lix K, Algar WR, Hudson ZM. Color-Tunable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Oxadiazole-Based Acrylic Copolymers: Photophysical Properties and Applications in Ratiometric Oxygen Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:6525-6535. [PMID: 31989816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based emitters are a promising route to the production of low-cost, scalable solution-processable luminescent materials. Here we describe a series of acrylic oxadiazole-based donor-acceptor monomers with tunable emission from blue to orange, with quantum yields as high as 96%. By introducing structural constraints that limit donor-acceptor orbital overlap, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was observed in these materials. Polymerization by Cu(0) reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) gave high-molecular-weight copolymers (Mn > 20 kDa) with dispersities ranging from 1.10 to 1.45, using a room-temperature procedure with Cu wire as a catalyst. One of these materials, which had phenothiazine as donor moiety, exhibited conformationally dependent dual emission, giving a mixture of prompt fluorescence and delayed fluorescence peaks, whose relative ratios varied based on the amount of O2 present during measurement. We demonstrate that this material can combine prompt and delayed fluorescence to act as a single-component, all-organic, ratiometric oxygen sensor without external calibrant. Application to ratiometric oxygen sensing is demonstrated both using a polymer thin film and via incorporation of this material into water-soluble polymer dots (Pdots), with a ratiometric response to O2 throughout the range of partial pressures relevant to biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Tonge
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Nathan R Paisley
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Alexander M Polgar
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
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34
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Kim SG, Ryplida B, Phuong PTM, Won HJ, Lee G, Bhang SH, Park SY. Reduction-Triggered Paclitaxel Release Nano-Hybrid System Based on Core-Crosslinked Polymer Dots with a pH-Responsive Shell-Cleavable Colorimetric Biosensor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5368. [PMID: 31661903 PMCID: PMC6862247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the fabrication and characterization of carbonized disulfide core-crosslinked polymer dots with pH-cleavable colorimetric nanosensors, based on diol dye-conjugated fluorescent polymer dots (L-PD), for reduction-triggered paclitaxel (PTX) release during fluorescence imaging-guided chemotherapy of tumors. L-PD were loaded with PTX (PTX loaded L-PD), via π-π stackings or hydrophobic interactions, for selective theragnosis by enhanced release of PTX after the cleavage of disulfide bonds by high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in a tumor. The nano-hybrid system showed fluorescence quenching behavior with less than 2% of PTX released under physiological conditions. However, in a tumor microenvironment, the fluorescence recovered at an acidic-pH, and PTX (approximately 100% of the drug release) was released efficiently out of the matrix by reduction caused by the GSH level in the tumor cells, which improved the effectiveness of the cancer treatment. Therefore, the colorimetric nanosensor showed promising potential in distinguishing between normal and cancerous tissues depending on the surrounding pH and GSH concentrations so that PTX can be selectively delivered into cancer cells for improved cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Benny Ryplida
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Pham Thi My Phuong
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jeong Won
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Gibaek Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sung Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
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35
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Zhang H, Dong X, Wang J, Guan R, Cao D, Chen Q. Fluorescence Emission of Polyethylenimine-Derived Polymer Dots and Its Application to Detect Copper and Hypochlorite Ions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:32489-32499. [PMID: 31393690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer dots with nonconjugated groups that are facile to synthesize and environmentally friendly generally attract substantial interest. However, their fluorescence-emitting mechanisms are not clear. In this paper, nonconjugated polymer dots (N-PDs) are synthesized by amidation reaction between polyethylenimine (PEI) and citric acid (CA), then self-assemble into rice-like dots in aqueous phase with a high fluorescence quantum yield. Such nitrogen-containing nonconjugated compounds N-PDs are believed to be inherently fluorescent, and the reported reasons for fluorescence-emitting are discussed. Importantly, these N-PDs can be used as an excellent fluorescent probe to detect Cu2+ and ClO- in aqueous solutions. Cu2+ could combine with the PEI moiety of the N-PDs to form a copper amine complex and then quench the fluorescence by an internal filtration effect. ClO- could oxidize the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the N-PDs to form a positive charge, blocking electron transfer between the hydroxyl groups and the chromophore groups. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied to the detection of Cu2+ and ClO- in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , China
| | - Xuezhe Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , China
| | - Ruifang Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , China
| | - Duxia Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , China
| | - Qifeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , China
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36
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Ou J, Tan H, Chen Z, Chen X. FRET-Based Semiconducting Polymer Dots for pH Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E1455. [PMID: 30934603 PMCID: PMC6470647 DOI: 10.3390/s19061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based polymer dots (Pdots), fabricated by semiconducting polymers and exhibiting excellent properties, have attracted much interest in the last decade, however, full polymer-dot-based pH sensors are seldom systematically exploited by researchers. In this work, we constructed a kind of blend polymer dot, utilizing poly[(9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-vinylene)-co-(1-methoxy-4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2,5-phenylenevinylene)] (PFV) as the donor, poly[2,5-bis(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (BDMO-PPV) as the acceptor, and polysytrene graft EO functionalized with carboxy (PS-PEG-COOH) to generate surface carboxyl groups. This type of Pdot, based on the FRET process, was quite sensitive to pH value changes, especially low pH environments. When the pH value decreases down to 2 or 1, the fluorescence spectrum of Pdots-20% exhibit spectral and intensity changes at the same time, and fluorescence lifetime changes as well, which enables pH sensing applications. The sharpening of the emission peak at ~524 nm, along with the weakening and blue shifts of the emission band at ~573 nm, imply that the efficiency of the energy transfer between PFV and BDMO-PPV inside the Pdots-20% decreased due to polymer chain conformational changes. The time-resolved fluorescence measurements supported this suggestion. Pdots constructed by this strategy have great potential in many applications, such as industrial wastewater detection, in vitro and intracellular pH measurement, and DNA amplification and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Ou
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Huijun Tan
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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37
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Luo Y, Han Y, Hu X, Yin M, Wu C, Li Q, Chen N, Zhao Y. Live-cell imaging of octaarginine-modified polymer dots via single particle tracking. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12556. [PMID: 30710394 PMCID: PMC6496536 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nanocarriers can greatly enhance the cellular uptake of therapeutic agents to regulate cell proliferation and metabolism. Nevertheless, further application of nanocarriers is often limited by insufficient understanding of the mechanisms of their uptake and intracellular behaviour. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluorescent polymer dots (Pdots) are coated with synthetic octaarginine peptides (R8) and are analysed for cellular uptake and intracellular transportation in HeLa cervical cancer cells via single particle tracking. RESULTS Surface modification with the R8 peptide efficiently improves both cellular uptake and endosomal escape of Pdots. With single particle tracking, we capture the dynamic process of internalization and intracellular trafficking of R8-Pdots, providing new insights into the mechanism of R8 in facilitating nanostructure-based cellular delivery. Furthermore, our results reveal R8-Pdots as a novel type of autophagy inducer. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into R8-mediated cellular uptake and endosomal escape of nanocarriers. It potentiates biological applications of Pdots in targeted cell imaging, drug delivery and gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Han
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingjie Hu
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Yin
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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38
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Chen D, Cui C, Tong N, Zhou H, Wang X, Wang R. Water-Soluble and Low-Toxic Ionic Polymer Dots as Invisible Security Ink for MultiStage Information Encryption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:1480-1486. [PMID: 30525393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanodots are attractive stimuli-responsive luminescence materials for anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. However, their applications are limited by low water solubility and single-mode information identification by naked eyes under UV light illumination. Herein, we report one type of new nanodots, main-chain imidazolium-based ionic polymer dots (IPDs). There is no edge effect in IPDs, and the ionic groups are homogenously distributed in the entire dot. IPDs exhibit high water solubility, good stability, narrow size distribution, low toxicity, and exceptional optical performance without additional modification. Written information using aqueous IPD solution is invisible in natural light, but can be recognized by a portable UV lamp. Moreover, they can be further encrypted and decrypted using easily available and nontoxic sodium carbonate and acetic acid, respectively. The encrypted information is invisible in natural light and/or UV light. This study provides a new prospect for high-level data recording and security protection by using water-soluble IPDs as invisible security ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Caiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Na Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Ruihu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
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Yao S, Chen Z, Li F, Xu B, Song J, Yan L, Jin G, Wen S, Wang C, Yang B, Tian W. High-efficiency aqueous-solution-processed hybrid solar cells based on P3HT dots and CdTe nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:7146-7152. [PMID: 25781480 DOI: 10.1021/am508985q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Without using any environmentally hazardous organic solution, we fabricated hybrid solar cells (HSCs) based on the aqueous-solution-processed poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) dots and CdTe nanocrystals (NCs). As a novel aqueous donor material, the P3HT dots are prepared through a reprecipitation method and present an average diameter of 2.09 nm. When the P3HT dots are mixed with the aqueous CdTe NCs, the dependence of the device performance on the donor-acceptor ratio shows that the optimized ratio is 1:24. Specifically, the dependence of the device performance on the active-layer thermal annealing conditions is investigated. As a result, the optimized annealing temperature is 265 °C, and the incorporation of P3HT dots as donor materials successfully reduced the annealing time from 1 h to 10 min. In addition, the transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements demonstrate that the size of the CdTe NCs increased as the annealing time increased, and the annealing process facilitates the formation of a smoother interpenetrating network in the active layer. Therefore, charge separation and transport in the P3HT dots:CdTe NCs layer are more efficient. Eventually, the P3HT dots:CdTe NCs solar cells achieved 4.32% power conversion efficiency. The polymer dots and CdTe NCs based aqueous-solution-processed HSCs provide an effective way to avoid a long-time thermal annealing process of the P3HT dots:CdTe NCs layer and largely broaden the donor materials for aqueous HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yao
- †State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolai Chen
- †State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fenghong Li
- †State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- †State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- †State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lulin Yan
- †State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Gan Jin
- ‡College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Shanpeng Wen
- §State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- §State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- †State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- †State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Chang K, Liu Z, Chen H, Sheng L, Zhang SXA, Chiu DT, Yin S, Wu C, Qin W. Conjugated polymer dots for ultra-stable full-color fluorescence patterning. Small 2014; 10:4270-4275. [PMID: 25048985 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable full-color fluorescence patterning are achieved by multicolor polymer-dot inks. The fluorescent patterns show extraordinary stability upon various treatments, offering a superior combination of bright fluorescence, excellent photostability, chemical resistance, and eco-friendship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Chang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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Sun W, Yu J, Deng R, Rong Y, Fujimoto B, Wu C, Zhang H, Chiu DT. Semiconducting polymer dots doped with europium complexes showing ultranarrow emission and long luminescence lifetime for time-gated cellular imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11294-7. [PMID: 24030955 PMCID: PMC3883514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bright dots: Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) doped with europium complexes possess line-like fluorescence emission, high quantum yield, and long fluorescence lifetime. The Pdots successfully labeled receptors on cells. The long fluorescence lifetime of the Pdots was used to distinguish them from other red fluorescence emitting nanoparticles, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio for time-gated cellular imaging. PVK=poly(9-vinylcarbazole).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
| | - Ruiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
| | - Bryant Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
| | - Changfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
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Abstract
In recent years, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention because of their outstanding characteristics as fluorescent probes. These nanoparticles, which primarily consist of π-conjugated polymers and are called polymer dots (Pdots) when they exhibit small particle size and high brightness, have demonstrated utility in a wide range of applications such as fluorescence imaging and biosensing. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the photophysical properties of Pdots which speak to the merits of these entities as fluorescent labels. This review also highlights the surface functionalization and biomolecular conjugation of Pdots, and their applications in cellular labeling, in vivo imaging, single-particle tracking, biosensing, and drug delivery. We discuss the relationship between the physical properties and performance, and evaluate the merits and limitations of the Pdot probes for certain imaging tasks and fluorescence assays. We also tackle the current challenges of Pdots and share our perspective on the future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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43
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Rong Y, Wu C, Yu J, Zhang X, Ye F, Zeigler M, Gallina ME, Wu IC, Zhang Y, Chan YH, Sun W, Uvdal K, Chiu DT. Multicolor fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots with narrow emissions and high brightness. ACS Nano 2013; 7:376-84. [PMID: 23282278 PMCID: PMC3552064 DOI: 10.1021/nn304376z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) have attracted great interest because of their superior characteristics as fluorescent probes, such as high fluorescence brightness, fast radiative rates, and excellent photostability. However, currently available Pdots generally exhibit broad emission spectra, which significantly limit their usefulness in many biological applications involving multiplex detections. Here, we describe the design and development of multicolor narrow emissive Pdots based on different boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) units. BODIPY-containing semiconducting polymers emitting at multiple wavelengths were synthesized and used as precursors for preparing the Pdots, where intraparticle energy transfer led to highly bright, narrow emissions. The emission full width at half-maximum of the resulting Pdots varies from 40 to 55 nm, which is 1.5-2 times narrower than those of conventional semiconducting polymer dots. BODIPY 520 Pdots were about an order of magnitude brighter than commercial Qdot 525 under identical laser excitation conditions. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry experiments indicate that the narrow emissions from these bright Pdots are promising for multiplexed biological detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Changfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Division of Molecular Surface Physics & Nanosciecne, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Fangmao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Maxwell Zeigler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Maria Elena Gallina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - I-Che Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kajsa Uvdal
- Division of Molecular Surface Physics & Nanosciecne, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Gadd JC, Budzinski KL, Chan YH, Ye F, Chiu DT. Probing the interior of synaptic vesicles with internalized nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8232. [PMID: 31693003 DOI: 10.1117/12.905091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicles are subcellular organelles that are found in the synaptic bouton and are responsible for the propagation of signals between neurons. Synaptic vesicles undergo endo- and exocytosis with the neuronal membrane to load and release neurotransmitters. Here we discuss how we utilize this property to load nanoparticles as a means of probing the interior of synaptic vesicles. To probe the intravesicular region of synaptic vesicles, we have developed a highly sensitive pH-sensing polymer dot. We feel the robust nature of the pH-sensing polymer dot will provide insight into the dynamics of proton loading into synaptic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Gadd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - Kristi L Budzinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - Fangmao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
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