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Wang Y, Chen G, Xu M, Cui Y, He W, Zeng H, Zeng T, Cheng R, Li X. Caspase-1 Deficiency Modulates Adipogenesis through Atg7-Mediated Autophagy: An Inflammatory-Independent Mechanism. Biomolecules 2024; 14:501. [PMID: 38672517 PMCID: PMC11048440 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity stands as a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases, intertwining increased inflammation and decreased adipogenesis with metabolic disorders. Studies have highlighted the correlation between Caspase-1 and inflammation in obesity, elucidating its essential role in the biological functions of adipose tissue. However, the impact of Caspase-1 on adipogenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. In our study, we observed a positive correlation between Caspase-1 expression and obesity and its association with adipogenesis. In vivo experiments revealed that, under normal diet conditions, Caspase-1 deficiency improved glucose homeostasis, stimulated subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion, and enhanced adipogenesis. Furthermore, our findings indicate that Caspase-1 deficiency promotes the expression of autophagy-related proteins and inhibits autophagy with 3-MA or CQ blocked Caspase-1 deficiency-induced adipogenesis in vitro. Notably, Caspase-1 deficiency promotes adipogenesis via Atg7-mediated autophagy activation. In addition, Caspase-1 deficiency resisted against high-fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. Our study proposes the downregulation of Caspase-1 as a promising strategy for mitigating obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui Cheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Hasegawa T, Noguchi S, Nakashima M, Miyai M, Goto M, Matsumoto Y, Torii S, Honda S, Shimizu S. Alternative autophagy dampens UVB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107173. [PMID: 38499149 PMCID: PMC11002869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunlight exposure results in an inflammatory reaction of the skin commonly known as sunburn, which increases skin cancer risk. In particular, the ultraviolet B (UVB) component of sunlight induces inflammasome activation in keratinocytes to instigate the cutaneous inflammatory responses. Here, we explore the intracellular machinery that maintains skin homeostasis by suppressing UVB-induced inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes. We found that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy promoted UVB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Unexpectedly, however, gene silencing of Atg5 or Atg7, which are critical for conventional autophagy, had no effect, whereas gene silencing of Beclin1, which is essential not only for conventional autophagy but also for Atg5/Atg7-independent alternative autophagy, promoted UVB-induced inflammasome activation, indicating an involvement of alternative autophagy. We found that damaged mitochondria were highly accumulated in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes when alternative autophagy was inhibited, and they appear to be recognized by NLRP3. Overall, our findings indicate that alternative autophagy, rather than conventional autophagy, suppresses UVB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the clearance of damaged mitochondria in human keratinocytes and illustrate a previously unknown involvement of alternative autophagy in inflammation. Alternative autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for sunburn and associated cutaneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saori Noguchi
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Makiko Goto
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Torii
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Yu Y, Yang J, Zheng L, Su H, Cao S, Jiang X, Liu X, Liu W, Wang Z, Meng F, Xu H, Wen D, Sun C, Song X, Vidal-Puig A, Cao L. Dysfunction of Akt/FoxO3a/Atg7 regulatory loop magnifies obesity-regulated muscular mass decline. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101892. [PMID: 38331318 PMCID: PMC10876605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoprotein degradation accelerates in obese individuals, resulting in a decline in muscular mass. Atg7 plays a crucial role in regulating protein stability and function through both autophagy-dependent and independent pathways. As obesity progresses, the expression of Atg7 gradually rises in muscle tissue. Nonetheless, the precise impact and mechanism of Atg7 in promoting muscle mass decline in obesity remain uncertain. The study aimed to elucidate the role and underly mechanism of Atg7 action in the context of obesity-induced muscle mass decline. METHODS In this study, we established a murine model of high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and introduced adeno-associated virus delivery of short hairpin RNA to knock down Atg7 (shAtg7) into the gastrocnemius muscle. We then examined the expressions of Atg7 and myoprotein degradation markers in the gastrocnemius tissues of obese patients and mice using immunofluorescence and western blotting techniques. To further investigate the effects of Atg7, we assessed skeletal muscle cell diameter and the myoprotein degradation pathway in C2C12 and HSkMC cells in the presence or absence of Atg7. Immunofluorescence staining for MyHC and western blotting were utilized for this purpose. To understand the transcriptional regulation of Atg7 in response to myoprotein degradation, we conducted luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments to examine whether FoxO3a enhances the transcription of Atg7. Moreover, we explored the role of Akt in Atg7-mediated regulation and its relevance to obesity-induced muscle mass decline. This was accomplished by Akt knockdown, treatment with MK2206, and GST pulldown assays to assess the interaction between Atg7 and Akt. RESULTS After 20 weeks of being on a high-fat diet, obesity was induced, leading to a significant decrease in the gastrocnemius muscle area and a decline in muscle performance. This was accompanied by a notable increase in Atg7 protein expression (p < 0.01). Similarly, in gastrocnemius tissues of obese patients when compared to nonobese individuals, there was a significant increase in both Atg7 (p < 0.01) and TRIM63 (p < 0.01) levels. When palmitic acid was administered to C2C12 cells, it resulted in increased Atg7 (p < 0.01), LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ (p < 0.01), and p62 levels (p < 0.01). Additionally, it promoted FoxO3a-mediated transcription of Atg7. The knockdown of Atg7 in the gastrocnemius partially reversed DIO-induced muscle mass decline. Furthermore, when Atg7 was knocked down in C2C12 and HSkMC cells, it mitigated palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance, increased the p-Akt/Akt ratio (p < 0.01), and reduced TRIM63 (p < 0.01). Muscular atrophy mediated by Atg7 was reversed by genetic knockdown of Akt and treatment with the p-Akt inhibitor MK2206. Palmitic acid administration increased the binding between Atg7 and Akt (p < 0.01) while weakening the binding of PDK1 (p < 0.01) and PDK2 (p < 0.01) to Akt. GST pulldown assays demonstrated that Atg7 directly interacted with the C-terminal domain of Akt. CONCLUSION The consumption of a high-fat diet, along with lipid-induced effects, led to the inhibition of Akt signaling, which, in turn, promoted FoxO3a-mediated transcription, increasing Atg7 levels in muscle cells. The excess Atg7 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, leading to a cyclic activation of FoxO3a and exacerbating the decline in muscle mass regulated by obesity. Consequently, Atg7 serves as a regulatory point in determining the decline in muscle mass induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Su
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Sunrun Cao
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuehan Jiang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Meng
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, CB2 1TN, Cambridge, UK; Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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4
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Hashimi SM, Huang MJ, Amini MQ, Wang WX, Liu TY, Chen Y, Liao LN, Lan HJ, Liu JZ. Silencing GmATG7 Leads to Accelerated Senescence and Enhanced Disease Resistance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16508. [PMID: 38003698 PMCID: PMC10671774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in nutrient recycling/re-utilizing under nutrient deprivation conditions. However, the role of autophagy in soybeans has not been intensively investigated. In this study, the Autophay-related gene 7 (ATG7) gene in soybeans (referred to as GmATG7) was silenced using a virus-induced gene silencing approach mediated by Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). Our results showed that ATG8 proteins were highly accumulated in the dark-treated leaves of the GmATG7-silenced plants relative to the vector control leaves (BPMV-0), which is indicative of an impaired autophagy pathway. Consistent with the impaired autophagy, the dark-treated GmATG7-silenced leaves displayed an accelerated senescence phenotype, which was not seen on the dark-treated BPMV-0 leaves. In addition, the accumulation levels of both H2O2 and salicylic acid (SA) were significantly induced in the GmATG7-silenced plants compared with the BPMV-0 plants, indicating an activated immunity. Consistently, the GmATG7-silenced plants were more resistant against both Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Psg) and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) compared with the BPMV-0 plants. However, the activated immunity in the GmATG7-silenced plant was not dependent upon the activation of MPK3/MPK6. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the function of GmATG7 is indispensable for autophagy in soybeans, and the activated immunity in the GmATG7-silenced plant is a result of impaired autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M. Hashimi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Min-Jun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Mohammad Q. Amini
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Wen-Xu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Tian-Yao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Li-Na Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hu-Jiao Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Aylan B, Bernard EM, Pellegrino E, Botella L, Fearns A, Athanasiadi N, Bussi C, Santucci P, Gutierrez MG. ATG7 and ATG14 restrict cytosolic and phagosomal Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication in human macrophages. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:803-818. [PMID: 36959508 PMCID: PMC10159855 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular innate-immune defence mechanism against intracellular microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). How canonical and non-canonical autophagy function to control Mtb infection in phagosomes and the cytosol remains unresolved. Macrophages are the main host cell in humans for Mtb. Here we studied the contributions of canonical and non-canonical autophagy in the genetically tractable human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages (iPSDM), using a set of Mtb mutants generated in the same genetic background of the common lab strain H37Rv. We monitored replication of Mtb mutants that are either unable to trigger canonical autophagy (Mtb ΔesxBA) or reportedly unable to block non-canonical autophagy (Mtb ΔcpsA) in iPSDM lacking either ATG7 or ATG14 using single-cell high-content imaging. We report that deletion of ATG7 by CRISPR-Cas9 in iPSDM resulted in increased replication of wild-type Mtb but not of Mtb ΔesxBA or Mtb ΔcpsA. We show that deletion of ATG14 resulted in increased replication of both Mtb wild type and the mutant Mtb ΔesxBA. Using Mtb reporters and quantitative imaging, we identified a role for ATG14 in regulating fusion of phagosomes containing Mtb with lysosomes, thereby enabling intracellular bacteria restriction. We conclude that ATG7 and ATG14 are both required for restricting Mtb replication in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beren Aylan
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Elliott M Bernard
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Pellegrino
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Laure Botella
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Antony Fearns
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Natalia Athanasiadi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Claudio Bussi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Pierre Santucci
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LISM, Marseille, France
| | - Maximiliano G Gutierrez
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Nagarajan N, Oka SI, Nah J, Wu C, Zhai P, Mukai R, Xu X, Kashyap S, Huang CY, Sung EA, Mizushima W, Titus AS, Takayama K, Mourad Y, Francisco J, Liu T, Chen T, Li H, Sadoshima J. Thioredoxin 1 promotes autophagy through transnitrosylation of Atg7 during myocardial ischemia. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162326. [PMID: 36480290 PMCID: PMC9888389 DOI: 10.1172/jci162326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of cysteine residues by oxidative and nitrosative stress affects structure and function of proteins, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Although the major function of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is to reduce disulfide bonds, it can also act as either a denitrosylase or transnitrosylase in a context-dependent manner. Here we show that Trx1 transnitrosylates Atg7, an E1-like enzyme, thereby stimulating autophagy. During ischemia, Trx1 was oxidized at Cys32-Cys35 of the oxidoreductase catalytic center and S-nitrosylated at Cys73. Unexpectedly, Atg7 Cys545-Cys548 reduced the disulfide bond in Trx1 at Cys32-Cys35 through thiol-disulfide exchange and this then allowed NO to be released from Cys73 in Trx1 and transferred to Atg7 at Cys402. Experiments conducted with Atg7 C402S-knockin mice showed that S-nitrosylation of Atg7 at Cys402 promotes autophagy by stimulating E1-like activity, thereby protecting the heart against ischemia. These results suggest that the thiol-disulfide exchange and the NO transfer are functionally coupled, allowing oxidized Trx1 to mediate a salutary effect during myocardial ischemia through transnitrosylation of Atg7 and stimulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayani Nagarajan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shin-ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jihoon Nah
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Changgong Wu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Peiyong Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Risa Mukai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sanchita Kashyap
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chun-Yang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eun-Ah Sung
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wataru Mizushima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Allen Sam Titus
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Koichiro Takayama
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Youssef Mourad
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jamie Francisco
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tong Chen
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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7
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Barrientos-Riosalido A, Real M, Bertran L, Aguilar C, Martínez S, Parada D, Vives M, Sabench F, Riesco D, Castillo DD, Richart C, Auguet T. Increased Hepatic ATG7 mRNA and ATG7 Protein Expression in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Associated with Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021324. [PMID: 36674839 PMCID: PMC9867349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy gene ATG7 has been shown to be essential for the induction of autophagy, a process that used to be suppressed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the specific role of ATG7 in NAFLD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze hepatic ATG7 mRNA and ATG7 protein expression regarding obesity-associated NAFLD. Patients included women classified into normal weight (NW, n = 6) and morbid obesity (MO, n = 72). The second group was subclassified into normal liver (NL, n = 11), simple steatosis (SS, n= 29), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 32). mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. Our results showed that NASH patients presented higher ATG7 mRNA and ATG7 protein levels. ATG7 mRNA expression was increased in NASH compared with SS, while ATG7 protein abundance was enhanced in NASH compared with NL. ATG7 mRNA correlated negatively with the expression of some hepatic lipid metabolism-related genes and positively with endocannabinoid receptors, adiponectin hepatic expression, and omentin levels. These results suggest that ATG7-mediated autophagy may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, especially in NASH, perhaps playing a possible protective role. However, this is a preliminary study that needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barrientos-Riosalido
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Monica Real
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Bertran
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Parada
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Margarita Vives
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - David Riesco
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-29-58-33
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Zhang W, Wu Z, Qi H, Chen L, Wang T, Mao X, Shi H, Chen H, Zhong M, Shi X, Wang X, Li Q. Celastrol upregulated ATG7 triggers autophagy via targeting Nur77 in colorectal cancer. Phytomedicine 2022; 104:154280. [PMID: 35752079 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celastrol is a biologically active ingredient extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii that has exerted properties of anti-cancer. We explored the anti-tumor activities of celastrol against colorectal cancer (CRC) and the potential signaling pathways involved in its mechanism in this study. PURPOSE The main purpose was to investigate the anti-CRC effects of celastrol and its novel potential mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN HCT-116 and SW480 cell lines were used for in vitro studies, the mouse xenograft model of CRC tumor was performed for in vivo studies. METHODS The effects of celastrol on colorectal cancer cells in vitro and underlying mechanisms were examined by using western blot analysis, cell proliferation assays, PI and Annexin-V staining assays, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR assay. CRC xenografts model and IHC-staining were mainly used to evaluate the effects of celastrol in vivo. RESULTS The results demonstrated that celastrol induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in CRC cells. The expression of Nur77 influenced the anti-CRC effects of celastrol, and inhibitory effect of celastrol on CRC cells could be reversed by overexpressing Nur77. Celastrol induced autophagy and the autophagy inhibition enhanced the anti-CRC effects. The ATG7 was up-regulated obviously after celastrol treatment for Nur77 overexpressing CRC cancer cells. Treating mice implanted with CRC cells with celastrol showed that it effectively inhibited tumor growth, which was associated with the down-regulation of Nur77. Levels of Nur77 and ATG7 were correlated with survival in human colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION Celastrol induced apoptosis and autophagy played an important role in human colorectal cancer, Nur77 was involved in the anti-CRC effect of celastrol and decreased expression of Nur77 induced high expression of ATG7. Celastrol exerted anti-CRC effects by inhibiting Nur77 to induce high expression of ATG7 signaling and Nur77/ATG7 signaling may be a potential pathway for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Huanying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Sun Y, He L, Wang W, Xie Z, Zhang X, Wang P, Wang L, Yan C, Liu Z, Zhao J, Cui Z, Wang Y, Tang L, Zhang Z. Activation of Atg7-dependent autophagy by a novel inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction from Penthorum chinense Pursh. attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced ferroptosis in zebrafish and dopaminergic neurons. Food Funct 2022; 13:7885-7900. [PMID: 35776077 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00357k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The death of dopaminergic neurons is a dominant factor during the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies demonstrated that ferroptosis is implicated in the death of dopaminergic neurons. Besides, polyphenols have been proven to be effective in preventing the death of dopaminergic neurons. This work aims to explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of thonningianin A (Th A), a polyphenolic compound in natural plant foods, against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced ferroptosis in dopaminergic cells. The results of molecular docking and other binding assays collectively demonstrated that Th A can strongly target the Kelch domain of Keap1. Th A treatment significantly facilitated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and subsequently increased the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein level through inhibiting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of Keap1 and Nrf2. Compared with the nomifensine (Nomi) treatment, Th A had a more potent protective effect on 6-OHDA-induced ferroptosis during PD pathology in zebrafish, which was associated with assuaging the reduction of the total swimming distance, glutathione (GSH) depletion, iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Furthermore, Th A also exhibited a strong protective effect against 6-OHDA-induced ferroptosis in vitro in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Th A degraded Keap1 protein through activating Atg7-dependent autophagy. Additionally, Th A treatment facilitated the degradation of Keap1 protein by promoting the interaction between p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1, hereafter referred to as p62) and Keap1. Taken together, our findings indicated that Th A protects dopaminergic cells against 6-OHDA-induced ferroptosis through activating the Nrf2-based cytoprotective system, thus enabling a potential application of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors in the restraint of ferroptosis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Sun
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Pan Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Lan Wang
- College of Chemical and Food Engineering, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Chenchen Yan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenghao Cui
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Yida Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
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Long JS, Kania E, McEwan DG, Barthet VJA, Brucoli M, Ladds MJ, Nössing C, Ryan KM. ATG7 is a haploinsufficient repressor of tumor progression and promoter of metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113465119. [PMID: 35867735 PMCID: PMC9282388 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113465119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy in cancer is complex. Both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive effects are reported, with tumor type, stage and specific genetic lesions dictating the role. This calls for analysis in models that best recapitulate each tumor type, from initiation to metastatic disease, to specifically understand the contribution of autophagy in each context. Here, we report the effects of deleting the essential autophagy gene Atg7 in a model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), in which mutant KrasG12D and mutant Trp53172H are induced in adult tissue leading to metastatic PDAC. This revealed that Atg7 loss in the presence of KrasG12D/+ and Trp53172H/+ was tumor promoting, similar to previous observations in tumors driven by embryonic KrasG12D/+ and deletion of Trp53. However, Atg7 hemizygosity also enhanced tumor initiation and progression, even though this did not ablate autophagy. Moreover, despite this enhanced progression, fewer Atg7 hemizygous mice had metastases compared with animals wild type for this allele, indicating that ATG7 is a promoter of metastasis. We show, in addition, that Atg7+/- tumors have comparatively lower levels of succinate, and that cells derived from Atg7+/- tumors are also less invasive than those from Atg7+/+ tumors. This effect on invasion can be rescued by ectopic expression of Atg7 in Atg7+/- cells, without affecting the autophagic capacity of the cells, or by treatment with a cell-permeable analog of succinate. These findings therefore show that ATG7 has roles in invasion and metastasis that are not related to the role of the protein in the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S. Long
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Elżbieta Kania
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - David G. McEwan
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Valentin J. A. Barthet
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Brucoli
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus J.G.W. Ladds
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Nössing
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
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Lyu X, Zeng L, Shi J, Ming Z, Li W, Liu B, Chen Y, Yuan B, Sun R, Yuan J, Zhao N, Yang X, Chen G, Yang S. Essential role for STAT3/FOXM1/ATG7 signaling-dependent autophagy in resistance to Icotinib. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:200. [PMID: 35690866 PMCID: PMC9188165 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of autophagy to cancer therapy resistance remains complex, mainly owing to the discrepancy of autophagy mechanisms in different therapy. However, the potential mechanisms of autophagy-mediated resistance to icotinib have yet to be elucidated. METHODS The effect of autophagy in icotinib resistance was examined using a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. The results above were further verified in biopsy specimens of lung cancer patients before and after icotinib or gefitinib treatment. RESULTS Icotinib increased ATG3, ATG5, and ATG7 expression, but without affecting Beclin-1, VPS34 and ATBG14 levels in icotinib-resistant lung cancer cells. Autophagy blockade by 3-MA or silencing Beclin-1 had no effects on resistance to icotinib. CQ effectively restored lung cancer cell sensitivity to icotinib in vitro and in vivo. Notably, aberrantly activated STAT3 and highly expressed FOXM1 were required for autophagy induced by icotinib, without the involvement of AMPK/mTOR pathway in this process. Alterations of STAT3 activity using genetic and/or pharmacological methods effectively affected FOXM1 and ATG7 levels increased by icotinib, with altering autophagy and icotinib-mediated apoptosis in resistant cells. Furthermore, silencing FOXM1 impaired up-regulated ATG7 induced by STAT3-CA and icotinib. STAT3/FOXM1 signalling blockade also reversed resistance to icotinib in vivo. Finally, we found a negative correlation between STAT3/FOXM1/ATG7 signalling activity and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) treatment efficacy in patients undergoing EGFR-TKIs treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that STAT3/FOXM1/ATG7 signalling-induced autophagy is a novel mechanism of resistance to icotinib, and provide insights into potential clinical values of ATG7-dependent autophagy in icotinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lyu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongjuan Ming
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Boxuan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiying Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
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Wang C, Tang Z, Zhang Z, Liu T, Zhang J, Huang H, Li Y. MiR-7-5p suppresses invasion via downregulation of the autophagy-related gene ATG7 and increases chemoresistance to cisplatin in BCa. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7328-7339. [PMID: 35300572 PMCID: PMC9278970 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and is a major threat to the lives and health of older men. Many studies have shown that miR-7, as an important tumor suppressor gene, could directly inhibit some pathways involved in the development of cancer. MiR-7-5p, which was assessed in this study, consists of one arm of miR-7 and acts as a cancer suppressor gene in multiple cancer types. Autophagy, as a common biological process, plays dual roles in the process of cancer. Chemotherapy resistance is a problem in the treatment of BCa. In this study, the data showed that miR-7-5p was obviously down-regulated in BCa tissues and cells compared to their respective controls. In addition, miR-7-5p mimic effectively inhibited migration, invasion and autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. In the mechanistic study, miR-7-5p targeted autophagy-related gene ATG7 to inhibit its expression, which in turn inhibited autophagy. Finally, the migration of BCa cells was inhibited, and chemosensitivity was improved. Overall, our results provide evidence of the role of miR-7-5p as a cancer suppressor gene in BCa and provide new opportunities for the treatment of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding Rna Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding Rna Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding Rna Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Houbao Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yawei Li
- CONTACT Yawei Li Department of Urology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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Chen X, Gong W, Shao X, Shi T, Zhang L, Dong J, Shi Y, Shen S, Qin J, Jiang Q, Guo B. METTL3-mediated m 6A modification of ATG7 regulates autophagy-GATA4 axis to promote cellular senescence and osteoarthritis progression. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:87-99. [PMID: 34706873 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and their senescence in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Synovial tissues from normal patients and patients with OA were collected. Synovium FLS senescence was analysed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The role of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in autophagy regulation was explored using N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-methylated RNA and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Mice subjected to destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery were intra-articularly injected with or without pAAV9 loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting METTL3. Histological analysis was performed to determine cartilage damage. RESULTS Senescent FLSs were markedly increased with the progression of OA in patients and mouse models. We determined that impaired autophagy occurred in OA-FLS, resulting in the upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Re-establishment of autophagy reversed the senescent phenotype by suppressing GATA4. Further, we observed for the first time that excessive m6A modification negatively regulated autophagy in OA-FLS. Mechanistically, METTL3-mediated m6A modification decreased the expression of autophagy-related 7, an E-1 enzyme crucial for the formation of autophagosomes, by attenuating its RNA stability. Silencing METTL3 enhanced autophagic flux and inhibited SASP expression in OA-FLS. Intra-articular injection of synovium-targeted METTL3 siRNA suppressed cellular senescence propagation in joints and ameliorated DMM-induced cartilage destruction. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the important role of FLS senescence in OA progression. Targeted METTL3 inhibition could alleviate the senescence of FLS and limit OA development in experimental animal models, providing a potential strategy for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianshu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baosheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Collier JJ, Suomi F, Oláhová M, McWilliams TG, Taylor RW. Emerging roles of ATG7 in human health and disease. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14824. [PMID: 34725936 PMCID: PMC8649875 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardinal stages of macroautophagy are driven by core autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, whose ablation largely abolishes intracellular turnover. Disrupting ATG genes is paradigmatic of studying autophagy deficiency, yet emerging data suggest that ATG proteins have extensive biological importance beyond autophagic elimination. An important example is ATG7, an essential autophagy effector enzyme that in concert with other ATG proteins, also regulates immunity, cell death and protein secretion, and independently regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis. Recently, a direct association between ATG7 dysfunction and disease was established in patients with biallelic ATG7 variants and childhood-onset neuropathology. Moreover, a prodigious body of evidence supports a role for ATG7 in protecting against complex disease states in model organisms, although how dysfunctional ATG7 contributes to manifestation of these diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and infection, in humans remains unclear. Here, we systematically review the biological functions of ATG7, discussing the impact of its impairment on signalling pathways and human pathology. Future studies illuminating the molecular relationship between ATG7 dysfunction and disease will expedite therapies for disorders involving ATG7 deficiency and/or impaired autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Collier
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Present address:
Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Fumi Suomi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Thomas G McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and ChildrenNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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15
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Rapisarda V, Broggi G, Caltabiano R, Lombardo C, Castorina S, Trovato A, Ledda C, Filetti V, Loreto C. ATG7 immunohistochemical expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma. A preliminary report. Histol Histopathol 2021; 36:1301-1308. [PMID: 34761371 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Literature evidence has demonstrated a high incidence of asbestos-related malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in a Sicilian town (Biancavilla, Italy), where fluoro-edenite (FE) fibers were discovered some decades ago. As ATG7 immunohistochemical analysis has been ascribed as a prognostic tool of improved survival, we decided to investigate, in MPM patients, exposed and not exposed to FE fibers, the immunohistochemical expression of this autophagy-related protein named ATG7. We analyzed the correlation between ATG7 immunohistochemical level and clinicopathological parameters. Twenty MPM tissue samples, from patients with available clinical and follow-up data, were included in paraffin and processed for immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical results confirmed activation of the autophagic process in MPM. Densitometric and morphometric expressions of ATG7 were significantly increased in MPMs when compared to the control tissues. A significant association of a high level of ATG7 with increased survival was demonstrated, with a mean overall survival (OS) of 12.5 months for patients with high expression vs. a mean OS of 4.5 months for patients with low ATG7 expression. In addition, a significant correlation between ATG7 expression and the survival time of MPM patients was observed. This study represents a starting point to hypothesize the prognostic role of ATG7 which could be a reliable prognostic indicator in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Lombardo
- Human Anatomy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Human Anatomy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato
- Department of Prevention, Provincial Health Authority of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Protection and Prevention Service, Health Surveillance, Provincial Health Authority of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Veronica Filetti
- Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Carla Loreto
- Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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16
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Xu J, Ji Y, Shogren KL, Okuno SH, Yaszemski MJ, Maran A. RNA-dependent protein kinase is required for interferon-γ-induced autophagy in MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Gene 2021; 802:145865. [PMID: 34352301 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor that mainly affects children and adolescents. Interferons (IFNs) have been shown to exert antitumor effects in osteosarcoma cells, although the molecular mechanisms have not been fully realized. We investigated IFN-γ actions on osteosarcoma cells. Our results show that IFN-γ induces the accumulation of autophagosomes in osteosarcoma cells. IFN-γ treatment leads to the conversion of autophagy marker light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II in osteosarcoma cells, and this conversion is accompanied by puncta formation. Also, IFN-γ-mediated induction of autophagosome formation and autophagic flux require RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) activity. In addition, our findings show that IFN-γ-mediated osteosarcoma cell death is not dependent on PKR. Our study suggests that IFN-γ has differential effects that lead to induction of cell death and autophagy in osteosarcoma cells. Further evaluation of the IFN-γ-mediated molecular mechanism could lead to improved understanding of and targeted treatment strategies for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Musculoskeletal Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Scott H Okuno
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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17
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Uchida Y, Torisu K, Ueki K, Tsuruya K, Nakano T, Kitazono T. Autophagy gene ATG7 regulates albumin transcytosis in renal tubule epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F572-F586. [PMID: 34541900 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00172.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated albumin transport in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) is important to control proteinuria. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway, and its role in intracellular trafficking through interactions with the endocytic pathway has recently been highlighted. Here, we determined whether autophagy regulates albumin transcytosis in PTECs and suppresses albumin-induced cytotoxicity using human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a receptor for albumin transcytosis, is partially colocalized with autophagosomes. Recycling of FcRn was attenuated, and FcRn accumulated in autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) knockdown HK-2 cells. Colocalization of FcRn with RAB7-positive late endosomes and RAB11-positive recycling endosomes was reduced in ATG7 knockdown cells, which decreased recycling of FcRn to the plasma membrane. In ATG7 or autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) knockdown cells and Atg5 or Atg7 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, albumin transcytosis was significantly reduced and intracellular albumin accumulation was increased. Finally, the release of kidney injury molecule-1, a marker of tubule injury, from ATG7 or ATG5 knockdown cells was increased in response to excess albumin. In conclusion, suppression of autophagy in tubules impairs FcRn transport, thereby inhibiting albumin transcytosis. The resulting accumulation of albumin induces cytotoxicity in tubules.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Albumin transport in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) is important to control proteinuria. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a receptor for albumin transcytosis, is partially colocalized with autophagosomes. Recycling of FcRn to the plasma membrane was decreased in autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) knockdown cells. In addition, albumin transcytosis was decreased in ATG7 or autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) knockdown PTECs. Finally, release of kidney injury molecule-1 from ATG7 or ATG5 knockdown cells was increased in response to excess albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Uchida
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ueki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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Vujić N, Bradić I, Goeritzer M, Kuentzel KB, Rainer S, Kratky D, Radović B. ATG7 is dispensable for LC3-PE conjugation in thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. Autophagy 2021; 17:3402-3407. [PMID: 33459130 PMCID: PMC8632316 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1874132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioglycolate-elicited macrophages exhibit abundant conjugation of LC3 with PE (LC3-II). Among other autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, it is proposed that, like in yeast, both ATG5 and ATG7 are essential for LC3 conjugation. Using atg5-deficient (-/-) and atg7-/-macrophages, we provide evidence that loss of ATG5 but not of ATG7 resulted in LC3-II depletion. Accumulation of LC3-II in elicited atg7-/- macrophages in response to bafilomycin A1 validated these data. Furthermore, complete loss of ATG3 in atg7-/- macrophages demonstrated that ATG7 and ATG3 are dispensable for LC3-PE conjugation. In contrast to thioglycolate-elicited macrophages, naïve peritoneal and bone marrow-derived atg7-/- macrophages exhibited no LC3-II, even under inflammatory stimuli in vitro. Hence, the macrophage metabolic status dictates the level of LC3-PE conjugation with a supportive but nonessential role of ATG7, disclosing the eukaryotic exception from the LC3 lipidation model based on yeast data. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy-related; BM: bone marrow; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivan Bradić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Madeleine Goeritzer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Silvia Rainer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Branislav Radović
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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19
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Meyer N, Henkel L, Linder B, Zielke S, Tascher G, Trautmann S, Geisslinger G, Münch C, Fulda S, Tegeder I, Kögel D. Autophagy activation, lipotoxicity and lysosomal membrane permeabilization synergize to promote pimozide- and loperamide-induced glioma cell death. Autophagy 2021; 17:3424-3443. [PMID: 33461384 PMCID: PMC8632287 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1874208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that induction of lethal macroautophagy/autophagy carries potential significance for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). In continuation of previous work, we demonstrate that pimozide and loperamide trigger an ATG5- and ATG7 (autophagy related 5 and 7)-dependent type of cell death that is significantly reduced with cathepsin inhibitors and the lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger α-tocopherol in MZ-54 GBM cells. Global proteomic analysis after treatment with both drugs also revealed an increase of proteins related to lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes. These changes were accompanied by a massive accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids in the lysosomal compartment, indicative of impaired lipid transport/degradation. In line with these observations, pimozide and loperamide treatment were associated with a pronounced increase of bioactive sphingolipids including ceramides, glucosylceramides and sphingoid bases measured by targeted lipidomic analysis. Furthermore, pimozide and loperamide inhibited the activity of SMPD1/ASM (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1) and promoted induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), as well as release of CTSB (cathepsin B) into the cytosol in MZ-54 wild-type (WT) cells. Whereas LMP and cell death were significantly attenuated in ATG5 and ATG7 knockout (KO) cells, both events were enhanced by depletion of the lysophagy receptor VCP (valosin containing protein), supporting a pro-survival function of lysophagy under these conditions. Collectively, our data suggest that pimozide and loperamide-driven autophagy and lipotoxicity synergize to induce LMP and cell death. The results also support the notion that simultaneous overactivation of autophagy and induction of LMP represents a promising approach for the treatment of GBM.Abbreviations: ACD: autophagic cell death; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG14: autophagy related 14; CERS1: ceramide synthase 1; CTSB: cathepsin B; CYBB/NOX2: cytochrome b-245 beta chain; ER: endoplasmatic reticulum; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GBM: glioblastoma; GO: gene ontology; HTR7/5-HT7: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; RB1CC1: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; SMPD1/ASM: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1; VCP/p97: valosin containing protein; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Meyer
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Henkel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Svenja Zielke
- Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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20
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He R, Wang Z, Cui M, Liu S, Wu W, Chen M, Wu Y, Qu Y, Lin H, Chen S, Wang B, Shao Z. HIF1A Alleviates compression-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus derived stem cells via upregulating autophagy. Autophagy 2021; 17:3338-3360. [PMID: 33455530 PMCID: PMC8632345 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1872227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary pathological mechanism that underlies low back pain. Overloading-induced cell death, especially endogenous stem cell death, is the leading factor that undermines intrinsic repair and aggravates IDD. Previous research has separately studied the effect of oxygen concentration and mechanical loading in IDD. However, how these two factors synergistically influence endogenous repair remains unclear. Therefore, we established in vitro and in vivo models to study the mechanisms by which hypoxia interacted with overloading-induced cell death of the nucleus pulposus derived stem cells (NPSCs). We found the content of HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) and the number of NPSCs decreased with disc degeneration in both rats and human discs. Hence, we isolated this subpopulation from rat discs and treated them simultaneously with hypoxia and excessive mechanical stress. Our results demonstrated that hypoxia exerted protective effect on NPSCs under compression, partially through elevating macroautophagy/autophagy. Proteomics and knockdown experiments further revealed HIF1A-BNIP3-ATG7 axis mediated the increase in autophagy flux, in which HMOX1 and SLC2A1 were also involved. Moreover, HIF1A-overexpressing NPSCs exhibited stronger resistance to over-loading induced apoptosis in vitro. They also showed higher survival rates, along with elevated autophagy after being intra-disc transplanted into over-loaded discs. Jointly, both in vivo and in vitro experiments proved the anti-apoptotic effect of HIF1A on NPSCs under the excessive mechanical loading, suggesting that restoring hypoxia and manipulating autophagy is crucial to maintain the intrinsic repair and to retard disc degeneration.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACAN: aggrecan; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BAX: BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CASP3: caspase 3; CCK8: cell counting kit-8; CHT: chetomin; CMP: compression; CoCl2: cobalt chloride; COL2A1: collagen type II alpha 1 chain; Ctrl: control; DAPI: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DEP: differentially expressed protein; DiR: 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl indotricarbocyanine; ECM: extracellular matrix; FCM: flow cytometry; GD2: disialoganglioside GD 2; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GO: gene ontology; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; H&E: hematoxylin-eosin; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HK2: hexokinase 2; HMOX1: heme oxygenase 1; HX: hypoxia mimicry; IDD: intervertebral disc degeneration; IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IVD: intervertebral disc; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; LBP: low back pain; Lv: lentivirus; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; NC: negative control; NIR: near-infrared; NP: nucleus pulposus; NPC: nucleus pulposus cell; NPSC: nucleus pulposus derived stem cell; NX: normoxia; PPI: protein-protein interactions; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SLC2A1/GLUT1: solute carrier family 2 member 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEK/TIE2: TEK receptor tyrosine kinase; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBB: tubulin beta class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanji Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Wang Y, Lu X, Wang X, Qiu Q, Zhu P, Ma L, Ma X, Herrmann J, Lin X, Wang W, Xu X. atg7-Based Autophagy Activation Reverses Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Circ Res 2021; 129:e166-e182. [PMID: 34384247 PMCID: PMC8484060 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Nemati S, Pazoki H, Mohammad Rahimi H, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Shahrokh S, Baghaei K, Mirjalali H, Zali MR. Toxoplasma gondii profilin and tachyzoites RH strain may manipulate autophagy via downregulating Atg5 and Atg12 and upregulating Atg7. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7041-7047. [PMID: 34453672 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy process is an important defense mechanism against intracellular infection. This process plays a critical role in limiting the development of Toxoplasma gondii. This study aimed to investigate the effects of T. gondii profilin and tachyzoites on the expression of autophagy genes. METHODS AND RESULTS PMA-activated THP-1 cell line was incubated with T. gondii profilin and tachyzoites for 6 h. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression of Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, and LC3b was evaluated using real-time PCR. The results revealed statistically significant downregulation of Atg5 for 1.43 (P-value = 0.0062) and 4.15 (P-value = 0.0178) folds after treatment with T. gondii profilin and tachyzoites, respectively. Similar to Atg 5, Atg 12 revealed a statistically significant downregulation for profilin (1.41 fold; P-value = 0.0047) and T. gondii tachyzoites (3.25 fold; P-value = 0.011). The expression of Atg7 elevated in both T. gondii profilin (2.083 fold; P-value = 0.0087) and tachyzoites (1.64 fold; P-value = 0.206). T. gondii profilin and tachyzoites downregulated (1.04 fold; P-value = 0.0028) and upregulated (twofold; P-value = 0.091) the expression of LC3b, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that T. gondii and profilin may manipulate autophagy via preventing from the formation of Atg5-12-16L complex to facilitate replication of T. gondii and development of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nemati
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Pazoki
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Abstract
ATG7 drives macroautophagy, hereafter "autophagy", by generating ATG12-ATG5 conjugates and lipidating Atg8 homologs including LC3. A pioneering body of work has defined the requirement of ATG7 for survival in mice and shown that neural-specific atg7 deletion causes neurodegeneration, but it has not been ascertained whether human life is compatible with ATG7 dysfunction. Recently, we defined the importance of ATG7 in human physiology by identifying twelve patients from five families harboring pathogenic, biallelic ATG7 variants causing a neurodevelopmental disorder. Patient fibroblasts show undetectable or severely diminished ATG7 protein levels, and biochemical assessment via autophagic flux and long-lived protein degradation assays demonstrated that attenuated autophagy underpins the pathology. Confirming the pathogenicity of patient variants, mouse cells expressing mutated ATG7 are unable to rescue LC3/Atg8 lipidation to wild-type levels. Our work defines mutated ATG7 as an important cause of human neurological disease and expands our understanding of autophagy in longevity and human health. We demonstrated that in certain circumstances, human survival with relatively mild phenotypes is possible even with undetectable levels of a nonredundant core autophagy protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J. Collier
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas G. McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Ye W, Bian D, Mao T, Dai M, Feng P, Zhu Q, Ren Y, Li F, Gu Z, Li B. Cloning and functional analysis of autophagy-related gene 7 in Bombyx mori, silkworm. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2021; 107:e21827. [PMID: 34173258 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect and an attractive model system. A series of autophagy-related genes (Atgs) are involved in the autophagic process, and these Atgs have been proved to play important roles in the development. Atg7 stands at the hub of two ubiquitin-like systems involving Atg8 and Atg12 in the autophagic vesicle. In the present study, we cloned and characterized a BmAtg7 gene in Bombyx mori. The open reading frame (ORF) of BmAtg7 was 1908 bp in length, and it encoded a polypeptide of 635 amino acids. BmAtg7 was highly expressed in the posterior silk gland, fatbody, and epidermis. The expression profile of BmAtg7 in the fatbody showed an increasing tendency from day 1 of the 5th instar to the prepupal stage. After chlorantraniliprole (CAP) exposure, the transcriptional level of BmAtg7 was continuously decreased. After depletion of BmAtg7 by RNAi, the expressions of BmAtg7, BmAtg8, and BmEcr were all downregulated, while the expression of BmJHBP2 was upregulated. However, depletion of BmAtg7 did not prevent the metamorphosis of silkworm from larvae to pupae, while the occurrence of such process was delayed. After the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment, the expression characteristics of these four genes (BmAtg7, BmAtg8, BmEcr and BmJHBP2) were contrary to the results after depletion of BmAtg7. Our results suggested that although CAP exposure could significantly inhibit the expression of BmAtg7 continuously, the changes of BmAtg7 was not the key factor in CAP-induced metamorphosis defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Ye
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Bian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Mao
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minli Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Piao Feng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuying Ren
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiya Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Towers CG, Wodetzki DK, Thorburn J, Smith KR, Caino MC, Thorburn A. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles compensate for loss of LC3-mediated mitophagy. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2029-2042.e5. [PMID: 34171288 PMCID: PMC8319140 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical metabolic and signaling hubs, and dysregulated mitochondrial homeostasis is implicated in many diseases. Degradation of damaged mitochondria by selective GABARAP/LC3-dependent macro-autophagy (mitophagy) is critical for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. To identify alternate forms of mitochondrial quality control that functionally compensate if mitophagy is inactive, we selected for autophagy-dependent cancer cells that survived loss of LC3-dependent autophagosome formation caused by inactivation of ATG7 or RB1CC1/FIP200. We discovered rare surviving autophagy-deficient clones that adapted to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis after gene inactivation and identified two enhanced mechanisms affecting mitochondria including mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs). To further understand these mechanisms, we quantified MDVs via flow cytometry and confirmed an SNX9-mediated mechanism necessary for flux of MDVs to lysosomes. We show that the autophagy-dependent cells acquire unique dependencies on these processes, indicating that these alternate forms of mitochondrial homeostasis compensate for loss of autophagy to maintain mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina G Towers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Darya K Wodetzki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jacqueline Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katharine R Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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26
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Patrizz AN, Moruno-Manchon JF, O’Keefe LM, Doran SJ, Patel AR, Venna VR, Tsvetkov AS, Li J, McCullough LD. Sex-Specific Differences in Autophagic Responses to Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071825. [PMID: 34359998 PMCID: PMC8304137 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke triggers a series of complex pathophysiological processes including autophagy. Differential activation of autophagy occurs in neurons derived from males versus females after stressors such as nutrient deprivation. Whether autophagy displays sexual dimorphism after ischemic stroke is unknown. We used a cerebral ischemia mouse model (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) to evaluate the effects of inhibiting autophagy in ischemic brain pathology. We observed that inhibiting autophagy reduced infarct volume in males and ovariectomized females. However, autophagy inhibition enhanced infarct size in females and in ovariectomized females supplemented with estrogen compared to control mice. We also observed that males had increased levels of Beclin1 and LC3 and decreased levels of pULK1 and p62 at 24 h, while females had decreased levels of Beclin1 and increased levels of ATG7. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy markers were increased under basal conditions and after oxygen and glucose deprivation in male neurons compared with female neurons in vitro. E2 supplementation significantly inhibited autophagy only in male neurons, and was beneficial for cell survival only in female neurons. This study shows that autophagy in the ischemic brain differs between the sexes, and that autophagy regulators have different effects in a sex-dependent manner in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N. Patrizz
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jose F. Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Lena M. O’Keefe
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sarah J. Doran
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Anita R. Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Venugopal R. Venna
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Andrey S. Tsvetkov
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Zehender A, Li YN, Lin NY, Stefanica A, Nüchel J, Chen CW, Hsu HH, Zhu H, Ding X, Huang J, Shen L, Györfi AH, Soare A, Rauber S, Bergmann C, Ramming A, Plomann M, Eckes B, Schett G, Distler JHW. TGFβ promotes fibrosis by MYST1-dependent epigenetic regulation of autophagy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4404. [PMID: 34285225 PMCID: PMC8292318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of fibroblasts is essential for physiological tissue repair. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts, however, may lead to tissue fibrosis with organ dysfunction. Although several pathways capable of promoting fibroblast activation and tissue repair have been identified, their interplay in the context of chronic fibrotic diseases remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence that transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) activates autophagy by an epigenetic mechanism to amplify its profibrotic effects. TGFβ induces autophagy in fibrotic diseases by SMAD3-dependent downregulation of the H4K16 histone acetyltransferase MYST1, which regulates the expression of core components of the autophagy machinery such as ATG7 and BECLIN1. Activation of autophagy in fibroblasts promotes collagen release and is both, sufficient and required, to induce tissue fibrosis. Forced expression of MYST1 abrogates the stimulatory effects of TGFβ on autophagy and re-establishes the epigenetic control of autophagy in fibrotic conditions. Interference with the aberrant activation of autophagy inhibits TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation and ameliorates experimental dermal and pulmonary fibrosis. These findings link uncontrolled TGFβ signaling to aberrant autophagy and deregulated epigenetics in fibrotic diseases and may contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Zehender
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Neng-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Adrian Stefanica
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Nüchel
- Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hsiao-Han Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jingang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lichong Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea-Hermina Györfi
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Soare
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Rauber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Plomann
- Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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28
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Xu Y, Propson NE, Du S, Xiong W, Zheng H. Autophagy deficiency modulates microglial lipid homeostasis and aggravates tau pathology and spreading. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023418118. [PMID: 34187889 PMCID: PMC8271658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023418118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosomal pathway plays a critical role in intracellular clearance and metabolic homeostasis. While neuronal autophagy is known to participate in the degradation of neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated and misfolded tau protein in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, how microglial-specific autophagy regulates microglial intrinsic properties and neuronal tau pathology is not well understood. We report here that Atg7, a key mediator of autophagosome biogenesis, plays an essential role in the regulation of microglial lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation. Microglia-specific deletion of Atg7 leads to the transition of microglia to a proinflammatory status in vivo and to inflammasome activation in vitro. Activation of ApoE and lipid efflux attenuates the lipid droplets accumulation and inhibits cytokine production in microglial cells with Atg7 deficiency. Functionally, we show that the absence of microglial Atg7 enhances intraneuronal tau pathology and its spreading. Our results reveal an essential role for microglial autophagy in regulating lipid homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030;
| | - Nicholas E Propson
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Shuqi Du
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Wen Xiong
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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29
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Wang S, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang A, Kou B, Che Y, Chen D, Zhang Y, Shi Y. ASPP2 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication by preventing nucleus translocation of HSF1 and attenuating the transactivation of ATG7. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6899-6908. [PMID: 34085409 PMCID: PMC8278078 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a kind of virus with the capability to induce autophagy, thereby facilitating its replication. Reducing hepatocyte autophagy is proved to be a useful way to inhibit HBV replication. Herein, we reported that p53-binding protein 2 (apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53-2, ASPP2) could attenuate HBV-induced hepatocyte autophagy in a p53-independent manner. Mechanistically, overexpressed ASPP2 binds to HSF1 in cytoplasm of HBV-infected cells, which prevents the translocation of HSF1 to nuclei, thereby inhibiting the transactivation of Atg7. By regulating the transcription of Atg7, ASPP2 reduces hepatocyte autophagy, thereby inhibiting HBV replication. Therefore, ASPP2 is a key regulator of cell autophagy, and overexpression of ASPP2 could be a novel method to inhibit HBV replication in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You’an HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijingChina
| | - Yu Sun
- Minimally Invasive Interventional Centre of OncologyBeijing You’an HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You’an HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijingChina
| | - Anna Wang
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You’an HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Buxin Kou
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You’an HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijingChina
| | - Yang Che
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You’an HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijingChina
| | - Dexi Chen
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You’an HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijingChina
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You’an HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ying Shi
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You’an HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijingChina
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30
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Lv XW, Wang MJ, Qin QY, Lu P, Qin GW. 6-Gingerol relieves myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury by regulating lncRNA H19/miR-143/ATG7 signaling axis-mediated autophagy. J Transl Med 2021; 101:865-877. [PMID: 33758383 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) causes severe damage in cardiac tissue, thereby resulting in a high rate of mortality. 6-Gingerol (6-G) is reported to play an essential role in alleviating MIRI. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. This study was intended to explore the potential mechanism by which 6-G functions. Q-PCR was employed to quantify the relative RNA levels of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 (H19), miR-143, and ATG7, an enzyme essential for autophagy, in HL-1 cells. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were employed for protein evaluation in cultured cells or mouse tissues. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis were analysed by CCK-8, LDH, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The binding sites for miR-143 were predicted using starBase software and experimentally validated through a dual-luciferase reporter system. Here, we found that 6-G elevated cellular H19 expression in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated HL-1 cells. Moreover, 6-G increased Bcl-2 expression but reduced cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9 protein levels. Mechanistically, H19 directly interacted with miR-143 and lowered its cellular abundance by acting as a molecular sponge. Importantly, ATG7 was validated as a regulated gene of miR-143, and the depletion of miR-143 by H19 caused an increased in ATG7 expression, which in turn promoted the autophagy process. Last, mouse experiments highly supported our in vitro findings that 6-G relieves MIRI by enhancing autophagy. The H19/miR-143/ATG7 axis was shown to be critical for the function of 6-G in relieving MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Wei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Yu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Pan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wei Qin
- Department of Science and Technology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China.
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Yeganeh A, Alibhai FJ, Tobin SW, Lim F, Wu J, Li S, Weisel RD, Li RK. Age-related defects in autophagy alter the secretion of paracrine factors from bone marrow mononuclear cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14687-14708. [PMID: 34088884 PMCID: PMC8221303 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy improves cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI), in-part through signaling to resident cardiac cells, such as fibroblasts, which regulate scar formation. The efficacy of cell therapy declines with age, as aging of both donor and recipient cells decreases repair responses. Autophagy regulates the microenvironment by both extracellular vesicle (EV)-dependent and independent secretion pathways. We hypothesized that age-related autophagy changes in bone marrow cells (BMCs) alter paracrine signaling, contributing to lower cell therapy efficacy. Here, we demonstrate that young Sca-1+ BMCs exhibited a higher LC3II/LC3I ratio compared to old Sca-1+ BMCs, which was accentuated when BMCs were cultured under hypoxia. To examine the effect on paracrine signaling, old cardiac fibroblasts were cultured with conditioned medium (CM) from young and old Sca-1+ BMCs. Young, but not old CM, enhanced fibroblast proliferation, migration, and differentiation, plus reduced senescence. These beneficial effects were lost when autophagy or EV secretion in BMCs was blocked pharmacologically, or by siRNA knockdown of Atg7. Therefore, both EV-dependent and -independent paracrine signaling from young BMCs is responsible for paracrine stimulation of old cardiac fibroblasts. In vivo, bone marrow chimerism of old mice with young BMCs increased the number of LC3b+ cells in the heart compared to old mice reconstituted with old BMCs. These data suggest that the deterioration of autophagy with aging negatively impacts the paracrine effects of BMCs, and provide mechanistic insight into the age-related decline in cell therapy efficacy that could be targeted to improve the function of old donor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Yeganeh
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Faisal J. Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie W. Tobin
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fievel Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shuhong Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard D. Weisel
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zhao SP, Yu C, Yang MS, Liu ZL, Yang BC, Xiao XF. Long Non-coding RNA FENDRR Modulates Autophagy Through Epigenetic Suppression of ATG7 via Binding PRC2 in Acute Pancreatitis. Inflammation 2021; 44:999-1013. [PMID: 33417179 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory, complicated pancreatic disease, carrying significant morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in AP pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we explore the role of FOXF1 adjacent non-coding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) in AP progression. Caerulein with or without LPS- induced or taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLC-S)-induced AP mouse models and cell models were performed for the validation of FENDRR expression in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Histopathological examinations of pancreatic tissues were performed to evaluate the severity of AP. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to visualize the autophagic vacuoles. siRNA specifically targeting FENDRR was further applied. Flow cytometry was employed to assess cell apoptosis. ELISA, immunoflureoscence, and western blotting analysis were also performed to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines and autophagy activity. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were carried out to reveal the epigenetic regulation of FENDRR on ATG7. Additionally, silencing FENDRR was also verified in AP mouse models. Higher FENDRR and impaired autophagy were displayed in both AP mouse models and cell models. FENDRR knockdown dramatically attenuated caerulein- or TLC-S-induced AR42J cells apoptosis and autophagy suppression. Further mechanistic experiments implied that the action of FENDRR is moderately attributable to its repression of ATG7 via direct interaction with the epigenetic repressor PRC2. Moreover, the silencing of FENDRR significantly induced the promotion of ATG7, thus alleviating the development of AP in vivo. Our study highlights FENDRR as a novel target that may contribute to AP progression, suggesting a therapeutic target for AP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ping Zhao
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Yu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Shi Yang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Liang Liu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Chang Yang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fei Xiao
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Wang S, Guo Y, Zhang X, Wang C. miR‑654‑5p inhibits autophagy by targeting ATG7 via mTOR signaling in intervertebral disc degeneration. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:444. [PMID: 33846806 PMCID: PMC8060800 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common chronic disease characterized by the loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the nucleus pulposus (NP). Accumulating evidence has revealed that abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRs) is closely associated with IDD development. The present study aimed to investigate the precise role and possible mechanism underlying the effects of miR‑654‑5p in the pathogenesis of IDD. NP cells were isolated from patients with IDD. Monodansylcadaverine staining was conducted to reveal cell autophagy, while western blotting was performed to detect the expression of ECM‑related proteins in NP cells. Luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to identify the binding between RNAs. The results demonstrated that miR‑654‑5p was significantly upregulated in degenerated NP tissues from patients with IDD and high miR‑654‑5p expression was positively associated with disc degeneration grade. Functional assays suggested that miR‑654‑5p facilitated ECM degradation by increasing the expression levels of MMP‑3, MMP‑9 and MMP‑13, as well as decreasing collagen I, collagen II, SOX9 and aggrecan expression by inhibiting autophagy. Furthermore, autophagy‑related gene 7 (ATG7) was verified as a direct downstream target gene of miR‑654‑5p. miR‑654‑5p could bind to the 3' untranslated region of ATG7 to inhibit its mRNA expression and further reduce its translation. Notably, ATG7 knockdown abrogated the effects of the miR‑654‑5p inhibitor on ECM degradation and autophagy regulation. Furthermore, miR‑654‑5p inhibited autophagy in NP cells by increasing the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑PI3K, p‑AKT and p‑mTOR in an ATG7‑dependent manner. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that miR‑654‑5p may enhance ECM degradation via inhibition of autophagy by targeting ATG7 to activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings may provide novel insights into the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yudong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Feng J, Mansouripour A, Xi Z, Zhang L, Xu G, Zhou H, Xu H. Nujiangexanthone A Inhibits Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation by Promoting Mitophagy. Molecules 2021; 26:2858. [PMID: 34065886 PMCID: PMC8150697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nujiangexanthone A (NJXA), a bioactive component isolated from the leaves of Garcinia nujiangensis, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. Our previous work has shown that NJXA induced G0/1 arrest and apoptosis, thus suppressing cervical cancer cell growth. The present study provides new evidence that NJXA can induce cell death in HeLa cells by promoting mitophagy. We first identified that NJXA triggered GFP-LC3 and YFP-Parkin puncta accumulation, which are biomarkers of mitophagy. Moreover, NJXA degraded the mitochondrial membrane proteins Tom20 and Tim23 and mitochondrial fusion proteins MFN1 and MFN2, downregulated Parkin, and stabilized PINK1. Additionally, we revealed that NJXA induced lysosome degradation and colocalization of mitochondria and autophagosomes, which was attenuated by knocking down ATG7, the key regulator of mitophagy. Furthermore, since mitophagy is induced under starvation conditions, we detected the cytotoxic effect of NJXA in nutrient-deprived HeLa cells and observed better cytotoxicity. Taken together, our work contributes to the further clarification of the mechanism by which NJXA inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and provides evidence that NJXA has the potential to develop anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Feng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.M.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Anahitasadat Mansouripour
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.M.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.M.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.M.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.M.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.M.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.)
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Bian S, Zhao Y, Li F, Lu S, Yang S, Liu M, Wang S, Zhao D, Zhang W, Wang J. Knockdown of p62/sequestosome enhances ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer HeLa cells with no effect on autophagy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1097-1103. [PMID: 33784737 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
p62/sequestosome is a multifunctional adaptor protein that participates in a wide variety of cellular processes. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) has various biological effects, including anticancer activity. We found that G-Rh2 can induce apoptosis and autophagy in HeLa cells. G-Rh2 significantly enhanced the transcriptional level of p62. A siRNA was constructed to knock down p62 and assess its effect on apoptosis induced by G-Rh2. p62 protein levels were successfully downregulated in cells transfected with the p62-specific siRNA. Silencing of p62 further decreased cell viability while also enhancing cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and the cleavage of PARP. p62 knockdown decreased expression levels of Nrf2. Moreover, silencing of p62 had no significant effect on autophagy induced by G-Rh2. These results suggest that combining G-Rh2 treatment with inhibition of p62 may be a potential treatment strategy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Bian
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuyan Lu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Song Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Siming Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Office of Academic Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Schroeder S, Hofer SJ, Zimmermann A, Pechlaner R, Dammbrueck C, Pendl T, Marcello GM, Pogatschnigg V, Bergmann M, Müller M, Gschiel V, Ristic S, Tadic J, Iwata K, Richter G, Farzi A, Üçal M, Schäfer U, Poglitsch M, Royer P, Mekis R, Agreiter M, Tölle RC, Sótonyi P, Willeit J, Mairhofer B, Niederkofler H, Pallhuber I, Rungger G, Tilg H, Defrancesco M, Marksteiner J, Sinner F, Magnes C, Pieber TR, Holzer P, Kroemer G, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Scorrano L, Dengjel J, Madl T, Sedej S, Sigrist SJ, Rácz B, Kiechl S, Eisenberg T, Madeo F. Dietary spermidine improves cognitive function. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108985. [PMID: 33852843 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased cognitive performance is a hallmark of brain aging, but the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues remain poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed health-protective and lifespan-extending effects of dietary spermidine, a natural autophagy-promoting polyamine. Here, we show that dietary spermidine passes the blood-brain barrier in mice and increases hippocampal eIF5A hypusination and mitochondrial function. Spermidine feeding in aged mice affects behavior in homecage environment tasks, improves spatial learning, and increases hippocampal respiratory competence. In a Drosophila aging model, spermidine boosts mitochondrial respiratory capacity, an effect that requires the autophagy regulator Atg7 and the mitophagy mediators Parkin and Pink1. Neuron-specific Pink1 knockdown abolishes spermidine-induced improvement of olfactory associative learning. This suggests that the maintenance of mitochondrial and autophagic function is essential for enhanced cognition by spermidine feeding. Finally, we show large-scale prospective data linking higher dietary spermidine intake with a reduced risk for cognitive impairment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schroeder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - G Mark Marcello
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Pogatschnigg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Gschiel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Selena Ristic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Tadic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Keiko Iwata
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 910-1193 Fukui, Japan; Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Gesa Richter
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Muammer Üçal
- Department of Neurosurgery, RU Experimental Neurotraumatology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ute Schäfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, RU Experimental Neurotraumatology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Poglitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Royer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ronald Mekis
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Agreiter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Regine C Tölle
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Defrancesco
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Frank Sinner
- HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Magnes
- HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94 805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Luca Scorrano
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Madl
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Sedej
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Institute of Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; VASCage, Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Zhou Q, Cui F, Lei C, Ma S, Huang J, Wang X, Qian H, Zhang D, Yang Y. ATG7-mediated autophagy involves in miR-138-5p regulated self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells derived from A549 cells. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:376-385. [PMID: 33323682 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Activation and proliferation of cancer stem cells exert an important role in the invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of malignant tumors, including lung cancer. Therefore, exploring molecular targets related to self-renewal and mobility of lung cancer stem cells has important clinical significance. In our present study, we aimed to explore the effects of miR-138-5p on lung cancer stem-like cells and associated regulatory mechanism. In our present study, enhanced self-renewal capacity and elevated expression of cancer stem cells markers CD133, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 of lung cancer stem-like cells derived from A549 cells were firstly verified. Then, obviously enhanced autophagy was found in lung cancer stem-like cells compared with parental cells A549. Besides, we found that enhanced autophagy induced by rapamycin promoted self-renewal and cell mobility of lung cancer stem-like cells and suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine exerted just opposite effects. In addition, miR-138-5p was found to be downregulated in lung cancer stem-like cells compared with that in parental cell A549. At the same time, overexpression of miR-138-5p by transfected with miR-138-5p mimic was found to effectively suppress self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells. Further study revealed that ATG7 was a target of miR-138-5p and overexpressed miR-138-5p suppressed ATG7-mediated autophagy. In addition, specific small interference RNA-ATG7 strengthened the inhibiting effect of miR-138-5p mimic on self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells. Taken together, we found that autophagy helped to maintain self-renewal and invasion ability of lung cancer stem-like cells and overexpressed miR-138-5p exerted anti-tumor effects by blocking the self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells through suppressing ATG7-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Myojin Y, Hikita H, Sugiyama M, Sasaki Y, Fukumoto K, Sakane S, Makino Y, Takemura N, Yamada R, Shigekawa M, Kodama T, Sakamori R, Kobayashi S, Tatsumi T, Suemizu H, Eguchi H, Kokudo N, Mizokami M, Takehara T. Hepatic Stellate Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Promote Tumor Growth Via Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Production. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1741-1754.e16. [PMID: 33346004 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor growth, it is not fully understood what role hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment. METHODS A high-fat diet after streptozotocin was administered to HSC-specific Atg7-deficient (GFAP-Atg7 knockout [KO]) or growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)-deficient (GFAP-GDF15KO) mice. LX-2 cells, a human HSC cell line, were cultured with human hepatoma cells. RESULTS In the steatohepatitis-based tumorigenesis model, GFAP-Atg7KO mice formed fewer and smaller liver tumors than their wild-type littermates. Mixed culture of LX-2 cells and hepatoma cells promoted LX-2 cell autophagy and hepatoma cell proliferation, which were attenuated by Atg7 KO in LX-2 cells. Hepatoma cell xenograft tumors grew rapidly in the presence of LX-2 cells, but Atg7 KO in LX-2 cells abolished this growth. RNA-sequencing revealed that LX-2 cells cultured with HepG2 cells highly expressed GDF15, which was abolished by Atg7 KO in LX-2 cells. GDF15 KO LX-2 cells did not show a growth-promoting effect on hepatoma cells either in vitro or in the xenograft model. GDF15 deficiency in HSCs reduced liver tumor size caused by the steatohepatitis-based tumorigenesis model. GDF15 was highly expressed and GDF15-positive nonparenchymal cells were more abundant in human HCC compared with noncancerous parts. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that GDF15-positive rates in HSCs were higher in HCC than in background liver. Serum GDF15 levels were high in HCC patients and increased with tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS In the HCC microenvironment, an increase of HSCs that produces GDF15 in an autophagy-dependent manner may be involved in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Myojin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takemura
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Minoru Shigekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Central Institute for Experimental Animals
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
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Ando S, Hashida N, Yamashita D, Kawabata T, Asao K, Kawasaki S, Sakurai K, Yoshimori T, Nishida K. Rubicon regulates A2E-induced autophagy impairment in the retinal pigment epithelium implicated in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 551:148-154. [PMID: 33740621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Waste product deposition and light stress in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of various retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss in elderly individuals worldwide. Given that autophagy in the RPE suppresses waste accumulation, determining the molecular mechanism by which autophagy is compromised in degeneration is necessary. Using polarized human RPE sheets, we found that bis-retinoid N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E), a major toxic fluorophore of lipofuscin, causes significant impairment of autophagy and the simultaneous upregulation of Rubicon, a negative regulator of autophagy. Importantly, this impairment was reversed in Rubicon-specific siRNA-treated RPE sheets. In a retinal functional analysis using electroretinograms (ERGs), mice with the RPE-specific deletion of Rubicon showed no significant differences from control cre-expressing mice but presented partially but significantly enhanced amplitudes compared with Atg7 knockout mice. We also found that an inflammatory reaction in the retina in response to chronic blue light irradiation was alleviated in mice with the RPE-specific deletion of Rubicon. In summary, we propose that upregulating basal autophagy by targeting Rubicon is beneficial for protecting the RPE from functional damage with ageing and the inflammatory reaction caused by light-induced cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ando
- Department of Ocular Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Ako Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ako, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hashida
- Department of Ocular Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of Ocular Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Ako Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ako, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Asao
- Department of Ocular Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawasaki
- Department of Ocular Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Sakurai
- Department of Ocular Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Ako Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ako, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ocular Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Kim KH, Hong GL, Jung DY, Karunasagara S, Jeong WI, Jung JY. IL-17 deficiency aggravates the streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy through the reduction of autophagosome formation in mice. Mol Med 2021; 27:25. [PMID: 33691614 PMCID: PMC7945049 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important medical complications of diabetes mellitus. Autophagy is an important mediator of pathological response and plays a critical role in inflammation during the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Interleukin (IL)-17A favorably modulates inflammatory disorders including DN. In this study, we examined whether IL-17A deficiency affected the autophagy process in the kidneys of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN. METHODS The autophagic response of IL-17A to STZ-induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated by analyzing STZ-induced functional and histological renal injury in IL-17A knockout (KO) mice. RESULTS IL-17A KO STZ-treated mice developed more severe nephropathy than STZ-treated wild-type (WT) mice, with increased glomerular damage and renal interstitial fibrosis at 12 weeks. IL-17A deficiency also increased the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and fibrotic gene expression after STZ treatment. Meanwhile, autophagy-associated proteins were induced in STZ-treated WT mice. However, IL-17A KO STZ-treated mice displayed a significant decrease in protein expression. Especially, the levels of LC3 and ATG7, which play crucial roles in autophagosome formation, were notably decreased in the IL-17A KO STZ-treated mice compared with their WT counterparts. CONCLUSIONS IL-17 deficiency aggravates of STZ-induced DN via attenuation of autophagic response. Our study demonstrated that IL-17A mediates STZ-induced renal damage and represents a potential therapeutic target in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Lan Hong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shanika Karunasagara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Kang X, Wang Y, Liang W, Tang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhao P, Lu Z. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus downregulates transcription factor BmFoxO to elevate virus infection. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 116:103904. [PMID: 33245980 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead-box O (FoxO) is the primary transcriptional effector of the insulin-like signaling pathway that enhances gluconeogenesis through transcriptional activation of PEPCK and G6Pase in mammals. We have previously demonstrated the involvement of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (BmPEPCK-2) in antiviral immunity against the multiplication of Bombyx mori nuclearpolyhedrosisvirus (BmNPV) in silkworm. Therefore, we speculated that BmFoxO might suppress BmNPV by regulating the expression of PEPCK in silkworm. In the present study, we found that the expression of BmFoxO decreased after BmNPV infection in Bombyx mori; this finding was consistent with BmPEPCK-2 expression. In addition, the expression of BmFoxO was altered, and it was found that reduced expression of BmFoxO (dsBmFoxO) downregulated the expression of BmPEPCK-2 and increased the viral fluorescence and content in silkworm embryonic cell line BmE cells, and vice versa. BmFoxO could upregulate the expression of BmPEPCK-2 by binding to the BmPEPCK-2 promoter. Moreover, overexpression of BmFoxO significantly increased the expression of autophagy genes ATG6/7/8 after infection with BmNPV, consistent with BmPEPCK-2. These results indicate that BmNPV downregulates transcription factor BmFoxO to elevate virus infection, and BmFoxO overexpression upregulates BmPEPCK-2 expression and enhances silkworm antiviral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Zhongyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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Abstract
At present, no systematic and in-depth study is available on the function and potential mechanisms of circular RNA in autophagy. This study aimed to screen the expression profiles of circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA of ovarian cancer cells induced by Torin 1 (10 µM). The expression profiles of circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA were analyzed with next-generation sequencing technology. CircRAB11FIP1 expression was elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues than in normal ovarian tissues. Silencing circRAB11FIP1 inhibited the autophagic flux of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. However, circRAB11FIP1 overexpression activated the autophagic flux of ovarian cancer A2780 cells. CircRAB11FIP1-induced autophagy accelerated EOC proliferation and invasion. Also, circRAB11FIP1 directly bound to miR-129 and regulated its targets ATG7 and ATG14. CircRAB11FIP1 bound to desmocollin 1to facilitate its interaction with ATG101. Also, circRAB11FIP1 directly bound to the mRNA of fat mass and obesity-associated protein and promoted its expression. Then, circRAB11FIP1 mediated mRNA expression levels of ATG5 and ATG7 depending on m6A. In general, this study demonstrated that circRAB11FIP1 regulated ATG7 and ATG14 by sponging miR-129. The data suggested that circRAB11FIP1 might serve as a candidate biomarker for EOC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Kwon I, Song W, Jang Y, Choi MD, Vinci DM, Lee Y. Elevation of hepatic autophagy and antioxidative capacity by endurance exercise is associated with suppression of apoptosis in mice. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:69-78. [PMID: 31611063 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Endurance exercise (EXE) has emerged as a potent inducer of autophagy essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis in various tissues; however, the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of EXE-induced autophagy in the liver remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the signaling nexus of hepatic autophagy pathways occurring during acute EXE and a potential crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to sedentary control group (CON, n=9) and endurance exercise (EXE, n=9). Mice assigned to EXE were gradually acclimated to treadmill running and ran for 60min per day for five consecutive days. RESULTS Our data showed that EXE promoted hepatic autophagy via activation of canonical autophagy signaling pathways via mediating microtubule-associated protein B-light chain 3 II (LC3-II), autophagy protein 7 (ATG7), phosphorylated adenosine mono phosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), CATHEPSIN L, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), and a reduction in p62. Interestingly, this autophagy promotion concurred with enhanced anabolic activation via AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-p70S6K signaling cascade and enhanced antioxidant capacity such as copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3), known to be as antagonists of autophagy. Moreover, exercise-induced autophagy was inversely related to apoptosis in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that improved autophagy and antioxidant capacity, and potentiated anabolic signaling may be a potent non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy against diverse liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Kwon
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FLUSA
| | - Wankeun Song
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FLUSA
| | - Yongchul Jang
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FLUSA
| | - Myung D Choi
- Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MIUSA
| | - Debra M Vinci
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FLUSA
| | - Youngil Lee
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FLUSA.
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He Y, Ao N, Yang J, Wang X, Jin S, Du J. The preventive effect of liraglutide on the lipotoxic liver injury via increasing autophagy. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:44-52. [PMID: 31787541 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. Previous studies indicated that Liraglutide, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, could regulate glucose homeostasis as a valuable treatment for Type 2 Diabetes. However, the precise effect of Liraglutide on NAFLD model in rats and the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which Liraglutide ameliorates hepatic steatosis in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rat model of NAFLD in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS NALFD rat models and hepatocyte steatosis in HepG2 cells were induced by HFD and palmitate fatty acid treatment, respectively. AMPK inhibitor, Compound C was added in HepG2 cells. Autophagy-related proteins LC3, Beclin1 and Atg7, and AMPK pathway-associated proteins were evaluated by Western blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS Liraglutide enhanced autophagy as showed by the increased expression of the autophagy markers LC3, Beclin1 and Atg7 in HFD rats and HepG2 cells treated with palmitate fatty acid. In vitro, The AMPK inhibitor exhibited an inhibitory effect on Liraglutide-induced autophagy enhancement with the deceased expression of LC3, Beclin1 and Atg7. Additionally, Liraglutide treatment elevated AMPK levels and TSC1, decreased p-mTOR expression. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide could upregulate autophagy to decrease lipid over-accumulation via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini He
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Liu K, Hong D, Zhang F, Li X, He M, Han X, Zhang G, Xu G, Stonehouse NJ, Jiang Z, An W, Guo L. MicroRNA-106a Inhibits Autophagy Process and Antimicrobial Responses by Targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1 During Mycobacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:610021. [PMID: 33505399 PMCID: PMC7832394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a key element of innate immune response against invading pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The emerging roles of microRNAs in regulating host antimicrobial responses against M. tuberculosis have gained widespread attention. However, the process by which miRNAs specifically influence antibacterial autophagy during mycobacterial infection is largely uncharacterized. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role of miR-106a in regulating macrophage autophagy against M. tuberculosis. H37Ra infection leads to downregulation of miR-106a in a time- and dose-dependent manner and concomitant upregulation of its three targets (ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1) in THP-1 macrophages. MiR-106a could inhibit autophagy activation and antimicrobial responses to M. tuberculosis by targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1. Overexpression of miR-106a dramatically inhibited H37Ra-induced activation of autophagy in human THP-1 macrophages, whereas inhibitors of miR-106a remarkably promoted H37Ra-induced autophagy. The inhibitory effect of miR-106a on autophagy process during mycobacterial infection was also confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) observation. More importantly, forced expression of miR-106a increased mycobacterial survival, while transfection with miR-106a inhibitors attenuated the survival of intracellular mycobacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrated that miR-106a functioned as a negative regulator in autophagy and antimicrobial effects by targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1 during M. tuberculosis infection, which may provide a potential target for developing diagnostic reagents or antibacterials against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dantong Hong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuebo Han
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Suzhou Institute for Drug Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Nicola J. Stonehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongjia Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Weijun An
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Song E, Da Eira D, Jani S, Sepa-Kishi D, Vu V, Hunter H, Lai M, Wheeler MB, Ceddia RB, Sweeney G. Cardiac Autophagy Deficiency Attenuates ANP Production and Disrupts Myocardial-Adipose Cross Talk, Leading to Increased Fat Accumulation and Metabolic Dysfunction. Diabetes 2021; 70:51-61. [PMID: 33046483 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Increased myocardial autophagy has been established as an important stress-induced cardioprotective response. Three weeks after generating cardiomyocyte-specific autophagy deficiency, via inducible deletion of autophagy-related protein 7 (Atg7), we found that these mice (AKO) had increased body weight and fat mass without altered food intake. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests indicated reduced insulin sensitivity in AKO mice. Metabolic cage analysis showed reduced ambulatory activity and oxygen consumption with a trend of elevated respiratory exchange ratio in AKO mice. Direct analysis of metabolism in subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes showed increased glucose oxidation and reduced ATGL expression and HSL phosphorylation with no change in lipid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation. Importantly, we found AKO mice had reduced myocardial and circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an established mediator of myocardial-adipose cross talk. When normal ANP levels were restored to AKO mice with use of osmotic pump, the metabolic dysfunction evident in AKO mice was corrected. We conclude that cardiac autophagy deficiency alters myocardial-adipose cross talk via decreased ANP levels with adverse metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfei Song
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Da Eira
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shailee Jani
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diane Sepa-Kishi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vivian Vu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Howard Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mi Lai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rolando B Ceddia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
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47
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Schimmel K, Stojanović SD, Huang CK, Jung M, Meyer MH, Xiao K, Grote-Levi L, Bär C, Pfanne A, Mitzka S, Just A, Geffers R, Bock K, Kenneweg F, Kleemiß F, Falk CS, Fiedler J, Thum T. Combined high-throughput library screening and next generation RNA sequencing uncover microRNAs controlling human cardiac fibroblast biology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 150:91-100. [PMID: 33127387 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis is a hallmark of the failing heart, contributing to the most common causes of deaths worldwide. Several microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) controlling cardiac fibrosis were identified in recent years; however, a more global approach to identify miRNAs involved in fibrosis is missing. METHODS AND RESULTS Functional miRNA mimic library screens were applied in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) to identify annotated miRNAs inducing proliferation. In parallel, miRNA deep sequencing was performed after subjecting HCFs to proliferating and resting stimuli, additionally enabling discovery of novel miRNAs. In-depth in vitro analysis confirmed the pro-fibrotic nature of selected, highly conserved miRNAs miR-20a-5p and miR-132-3p. To determine downstream cellular pathways and their role in the fibrotic response, targets of the annotated miRNA candidates were modulated by synthetic siRNA. We here provide evidence that repression of autophagy and detoxification of reactive oxygen species by miR-20a-5p and miR-132-3p explain some of their pro-fibrotic nature on a mechanistic level. CONCLUSION We here identified both miR-20a-5p and miR-132-3p as crucial regulators of fibrotic pathways in an in vitro model of human cardiac fibroblast biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schimmel
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stevan D Stojanović
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cheng-Kai Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin H Meyer
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ke Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lea Grote-Levi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angelika Pfanne
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Saskia Mitzka
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annette Just
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research Group Genome Analytics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina Bock
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Kenneweg
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Kleemiß
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Transplant Immunology, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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48
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Ohnstad AE, Delgado JM, North BJ, Nasa I, Kettenbach AN, Schultz SW, Shoemaker CJ. Receptor-mediated clustering of FIP200 bypasses the role of LC3 lipidation in autophagy. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104948. [PMID: 33226137 PMCID: PMC7737610 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagosome formation requires multiple autophagy-related (ATG) factors. However, we find that a subset of autophagy substrates remains robustly targeted to the lysosome in the absence of several core ATGs, including the LC3 lipidation machinery. To address this unexpected result, we performed genome-wide CRISPR screens identifying genes required for NBR1 flux in ATG7KO cells. We find that ATG7-independent autophagy still requires canonical ATG factors including FIP200. However, in the absence of LC3 lipidation, additional factors are required including TAX1BP1 and TBK1. TAX1BP1's ability to cluster FIP200 around NBR1 cargo and induce local autophagosome formation enforces cargo specificity and replaces the requirement for lipidated LC3. In support of this model, we define a ubiquitin-independent mode of TAX1BP1 recruitment to NBR1 puncta, highlighting that TAX1BP1 recruitment and clustering, rather than ubiquitin binding per se, is critical for function. Collectively, our data provide a mechanistic basis for reports of selective autophagy in cells lacking the lipidation machinery, wherein receptor-mediated clustering of upstream autophagy factors drives continued autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E Ohnstad
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNHUSA
| | - Jose M Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNHUSA
| | - Brian J North
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNHUSA
| | - Isha Nasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNHUSA
- Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonNHUSA
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNHUSA
- Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonNHUSA
| | - Sebastian W Schultz
- Centre for Cancer Cell ReprogrammingFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Christopher J Shoemaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNHUSA
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49
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El-Khazragy N, Elshimy AA, Hassan SS, Shaaban MH, Bayoumi AH, El Magdoub HM, Ghozy S, Gaballah A, Aboelhussein MM, Abou Gabal HH, Bannunah AM, Mansy AES. lnc-HOTAIR predicts hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 following direct-acting antivirals therapy. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:1382-1391. [PMID: 33074585 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been sequentially reported in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Homeobox transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), an oncogene, has been reported to be associated with cancer. We investigated the predictive value of lnc-HOTAIR for HCC surveillance in chronic HCV patients following DAAs therapy. The expression levels of lnc-HOTAIR and ATG-7 genes were measured in 220 with chronic HCV, following a DAAs based therapy for 12 weeks, the patients were followed-up for attentive surveillance of HCC for 12 months after starting DAAs. In terms of lnc-HOTAIR, patients with HCC and high viral load had significantly higher median expression levels of HOTAIR of (68 vs. 24; p = .001) and (94 vs. 52; p = .001), respectively. Moreover, the median expression level of ATG-7 was higher in those who developed HCC (114 vs. 51; p = .001). The expression of lnc-HOTAIR and ATG-7 are significant predictors of the development of HCC in HCV-4 infected patients treated with DAAs, with a cut-off value of 37 and 86, respectively. The increased expression levels of lnc-HOTAIR more than 68 in HCC patients following DAAs were correlated with poorer disease outcomes compared to those with lower expression levels; however, ATG-7 expression levels more than 114 were correlated with worse overall survival but not the progression-free one. We suggest that high expression levels of lnc-HOTAIR could serve as a risk assessment biomarker for HCC before and during DAAs course therapy in Chronic HCV-4 patients, and should be rigorously taken into consideration before DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa El-Khazragy
- Department of Clinical Pathology-Hematology, and Ain Shams Medical Research Institute (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Ali Elshimy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University and Galala University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa Shawky Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hafez Shaaban
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Bayoumi
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hekmat M El Magdoub
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gaballah
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Aboelhussein
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda H Abou Gabal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azzah M Bannunah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Common First-year Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza El-Sayed Mansy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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50
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Shao L, Xiong X, Zhang Y, Miao H, Ren Y, Tang X, Song J, Wang C. IL-22 ameliorates LPS-induced acute liver injury by autophagy activation through ATF4-ATG7 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:970. [PMID: 33177520 PMCID: PMC7658242 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrollable inflammatory response acts as a driver of sepsis-associated liver injury (SALI). IL-22 plays an important role in regulating inflammatory responses, but its role in SALI remains unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the association of serum IL-22 with SALI in pediatric patients and to enclose the underlying mechanisms of IL-22 involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice. Serum IL-22 levels in patients with SALI were significantly lower than in septic patients without liver injury, and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of IL-22 for discriminating SALI was 0.765 (95% CI: 0.593-0.937). Pre-administration of recombinant murine IL-22 alleviated LPS-induced ALI in mice, and serum IL-6 levels and the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in livers were decreased in response to IL-22 pre-treatment in mice. More importantly, IL-22 pre-treatment activated hepatic autophagy mediated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) signaling in vivo and in vitro in response to LPS administration. Moreover, knockdown of ATF4 in mice aggravated LPS-induced ALI, which was associated with suppressed ATG7-related autophagy. In addition, the protective effects of IL-22 on LPS-induced ALI was partially blocked by ATF4 knockdown, which was associated with lower expression of LC3II/I in the livers of ATF4 knockdown (HT or Atf4+/-) mice compared with wild-type mice (WT or Atf4+/+) mice. In conclusion, low serum IL-22 level is associated with SALI occurrence, and IL-22 pre-administration activates autophagy in hepatocytes and protects mice against LPS-induced ALI partially related to ATF4-ATG7 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujing Shao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yucai Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Huijie Miao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yuqian Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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