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Killion EA, Hussien R, Shkumatov A, Davies R, Lloyd DJ, Véniant MM, Lebrec H, Fort MM. GIPR gene expression in testis is mouse-specific and can impact male mouse fertility. Andrology 2022; 10:789-799. [PMID: 35224888 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (Gipr) gene expression has been reported in mouse spermatids and Gipr knockout (KO) male mice have previously been reported to have decreased in vitro fertilization, although the role of Gipr signaling in male mouse fertility is not well understood. OBJECTIVES The purposes of these studies were to determine the role of GIPR in male fertility using Gipr KO mice and anti-GIPR antibody treated wild-type mice and to determine if the expression of Gipr in mouse testes is similar in non-human and human primates. METHODS AND MATERIALS Adiponectin promoter-driven Gipr knockout male mice (GiprAdipo-/- ) were assessed for in vitro and in vivo fertility, sperm parameters, and testicular histology. CD1 male mice were administered an anti-GIPR antibody (muGIPR-Ab) prior to and during mating for assessment of in vivo fertility and sperm parameters. Expression of Gipr/GIPR mRNA in the mouse, cynomolgus monkey, and human testes was assessed by in situ hybridization methods using species-specific probes. RESULTS GiprAdipo-/- male mice are infertile in vitro and in vivo, despite normal testis morphology, sperm counts and sperm motility. In contrast, administration of muGIPR-Ab to CD1 male mice did not impact fertility. While Gipr mRNA expression is detectable in the mouse testes, GIPR mRNA expression is not detectable in monkey or human testes. DISCUSSION The infertility of GiprAdipo-/- male mice correlated with the lack of Gipr expression in the testis and/or adipocyte tissue. However, as administration of muGIPR-Ab did not impact the fertility of adult male mice, it is possible that the observations in genetically deficient male mice are related to Gipr-deficiency during development. CONCLUSION Our data support a role for Gipr expression in the mouse testis during the development of sperm fertilization potential, but based on gene expression data, a similar role for GIPR in non-human primate or human male fertility is unlikely. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Killion
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Rajaa Hussien
- Amgen Research, Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Artem Shkumatov
- Amgen Research, Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Rhian Davies
- Amgen Research, Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - David J Lloyd
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA.,D.L. is currently at Carmot Therapeutics, Inc
| | - Murielle M Véniant
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Herve Lebrec
- Amgen Research, Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA.,H.L. is currently at Sonoma Biotherapeutics, Inc
| | - Madeline M Fort
- Amgen Research, Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
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2
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Vasquez JJ, Hussien R, Aguilar-Rodriguez B, Junger H, Dobi D, Henrich TJ, Thanh C, Gibson E, Hogan LE, McCune J, Hunt PW, Stoddart CA, Laszik ZG. Elucidating the Burden of HIV in Tissues Using Multiplexed Immunofluorescence and In Situ Hybridization: Methods for the Single-Cell Phenotypic Characterization of Cells Harboring HIV In Situ. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:427-446. [PMID: 29462571 PMCID: PMC5977441 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418756848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent tissue reservoirs of HIV present a major barrier to cure. Defining subsets of infected cells in tissues is a major focus of HIV cure research. Herein, we describe a novel multiplexed in situ hybridization (ISH) (RNAscope) protocol to detect HIV-DNA (vDNA) and HIV-RNA (vRNA) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissues in combination with immunofluorescence (IF) phenotyping of the infected cells. We show that multiplexed IF and ISH (mIFISH) is suitable for quantitative assessment of HIV vRNA and vDNA and that multiparameter IF phenotyping allows precise identification of the cellular source of the ISH signal. We also provide semi-quantitative data on the impact of various tissue fixatives on the detectability of vDNA and vRNA with RNAscope technology. Finally, we describe methods to quantitate the ISH signal on whole-slide digital images and validation of the quantitative ISH data with quantitative real-time PCR for vRNA. It is our hope that this approach will provide insight into the biology of HIV tissue reservoirs and to inform strategies aimed at curing HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Vasquez
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy,
and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajaa Hussien
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Aguilar-Rodriguez
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Junger
- Department of Pathology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dejan Dobi
- Department of Pathology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of HIV/AIDS, Department of Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Thanh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department
of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erica Gibson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department
of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Louise E. Hogan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department
of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department
of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department
of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of HIV/AIDS, Department of Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Stoddart
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department
of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zoltan G. Laszik
- Department of Pathology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Cavrois M, Banerjee T, Mukherjee G, Raman N, Hussien R, Rodriguez BA, Vasquez J, Spitzer MH, Lazarus NH, Jones JJ, Ochsenbauer C, McCune JM, Butcher EC, Arvin AM, Sen N, Greene WC, Roan NR. Mass Cytometric Analysis of HIV Entry, Replication, and Remodeling in Tissue CD4+ T Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 20:984-998. [PMID: 28746881 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize susceptibility to HIV infection, we phenotyped infected tonsillar T cells by single-cell mass cytometry and created comprehensive maps to identify which subsets of CD4+ T cells support HIV fusion and productive infection. By comparing HIV-fused and HIV-infected cells through dimensionality reduction, clustering, and statistical approaches to account for viral perturbations, we identified a subset of memory CD4+ T cells that support HIV entry but not viral gene expression. These cells express high levels of CD127, the IL-7 receptor, and are believed to be long-lived lymphocytes. In HIV-infected patients, CD127-expressing cells preferentially localize to extrafollicular lymphoid regions with limited viral replication. Thus, CyTOF-based phenotyping, combined with analytical approaches to distinguish between selective infection and receptor modulation by viruses, can be used as a discovery tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Cavrois
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trambak Banerjee
- Department of Data Sciences and Operations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gourab Mukherjee
- Department of Data Sciences and Operations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nandhini Raman
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rajaa Hussien
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Brandon Aguilar Rodriguez
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Joshua Vasquez
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Nicole H Lazarus
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA; Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research and the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1290, USA
| | - Jennifer J Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233-1912, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233-1912, USA; Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-2107, USA
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA; Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research and the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1290, USA
| | - Ann M Arvin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
| | - Nandini Sen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
| | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nadia R Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Hogan LE, Vasquez J, Hobbs KS, Hanhauser E, Aguilar-Rodriguez B, Hussien R, Thanh C, Gibson EA, Carvidi AB, Smith LCB, Khan S, Trapecar M, Sanjabi S, Somsouk M, Stoddart CA, Kuritzkes DR, Deeks SG, Henrich TJ. Increased HIV-1 transcriptional activity and infectious burden in peripheral blood and gut-associated CD4+ T cells expressing CD30. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006856. [PMID: 29470552 PMCID: PMC5823470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1-infected cells persist indefinitely despite the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), and novel therapeutic strategies to target and purge residual infected cells in individuals on ART are urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate that CD4+ T cell-associated HIV-1 RNA is often highly enriched in cells expressing CD30, and that cells expressing this marker considerably contribute to the total pool of transcriptionally active CD4+ lymphocytes in individuals on suppressive ART. Using in situ RNA hybridization studies, we show co-localization of CD30 with HIV-1 transcriptional activity in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. We also demonstrate that ex vivo treatment with brentuximab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets CD30, significantly reduces the total amount of HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from infected, ART-suppressed individuals. Finally, we observed that an HIV-1-infected individual, who received repeated brentuximab vedotin infusions for lymphoma, had no detectable virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Overall, CD30 may be a marker of residual, transcriptionally active HIV-1 infected cells in the setting of suppressive ART. Given that CD30 is only expressed on a small number of total mononuclear cells, it is a potential therapeutic target of persistent HIV-1 infection. Previous studies have shown that higher levels of soluble CD30 are associated with HIV-1 disease progression. Many of these studies, however, were performed prior to the implementation of combination ART, and the relationship between surface CD30 expression, soluble CD30 and HIV-1 infection in ART suppressed individuals, or those with viremic control off ART, is not known. We demonstrate that cell-associated HIV-1 RNA is highly enriched in CD4+ T cells expressing CD30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. These findings were observed in several HIV-1 infected donor groups, regardless of whether or not the participants were receiving suppressive ART. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ex vivo treatment with brentuximab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate that targets CD30, reduces the total amount of HIV-1 DNA in PBMC obtained from infected individuals. Finally, we show through in situ RNA hybridization studies that CD30 and HIV transcriptional activity co-localize in cells from gut biopsies obtained from HIV-1 infected donors. These data suggest that CD30 may be a marker of residual, transcriptionally active HIV-1 infected cells in the setting of suppressive ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E. Hogan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LEH); (TJH)
| | - Joshua Vasquez
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kristen S. Hobbs
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Hanhauser
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brandon Aguilar-Rodriguez
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rajaa Hussien
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cassandra Thanh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Erica A. Gibson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander B. Carvidi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Louis C. B. Smith
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shahzada Khan
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Martin Trapecar
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Stoddart
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Kuritzkes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LEH); (TJH)
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5
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Kasem S, Saleh M, Qasim I, Hashim O, Alkarar A, Abu-Obeida A, Gaafer A, Hussien R, AL-Sahaf A, Al-Doweriej A, Bayoumi F, Hodhood A, Abdelatif M. Outbreak investigation and molecular diagnosis of Lumpy skin disease among livestock in Saudi Arabia 2016. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e494-e500. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kasem
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafrelsheikh University; Kafrelsheikh Egypt
| | - M. Saleh
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Agriculture Research Centre; Animal Health Research Institute; Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - I. Qasim
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - O. Hashim
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Veterinary Research Institute; Alamarat Khartoum Sudan
| | - A. Alkarar
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Abu-Obeida
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Gaafer
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Hussien
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - A. AL-Sahaf
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Al-Doweriej
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Bayoumi
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Hodhood
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Abdelatif
- Department of Animal Resources; Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Wealth Development; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
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6
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Hussien R, Rihn BH, Eidi H, Ronzani C, Joubert O, Ferrari L, Vazquez O, Kaufer D, Brooks GA. Unique growth pattern of human mammary epithelial cells induced by polymeric nanoparticles. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00027. [PMID: 24303146 PMCID: PMC3831889 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique properties, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have found broad use in industry, technology, and medicine, including as a vehicle for drug delivery. However, the understanding of NPs' interaction with different types of mammalian cells lags significantly behind their increasing adoption in drug delivery. In this study, we show unique responses of human epithelial breast cells when exposed to polymeric Eudragit® RS NPs (ENPs) for 1-3 days. Cells displayed dose-dependent increases in metabolic activity and growth, but lower proliferation rates, than control cells, as evidenced in tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays, respectively. Those effects did not affect cell death or mitochondrial fragmentation. We attribute the increase in metabolic activity and growth of cells culture with ENPs to three factors: (1) high affinity of proteins present in the serum for ENPs, (2) adhesion of ENPs to cells, and (3) activation of proliferation and growth pathways. The proteins and genes responsible for stimulating cell adhesion and growth were identified by mass spectrometry and Microarray analyses. We demonstrate a novel property of ENPs, which act to increase cell metabolic activity and growth and organize epithelial cells in the epithelium as determined by Microarray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Hussien
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, California, 94720-3140
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7
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Abstract
Shuttling of intermediary metabolites, such as pyruvate, contributes to the dynamic energy and biosynthetic needs of tissues. Tracer kinetic studies offer a powerful tool to measure the metabolism of substrates like pyruvate that are simultaneously taken up from and released into the circulation by organs. However, we understood that during each circulatory passage, the entire cardiac output transits the pulmonary circulation. Therefore, we examined the transpulmonary pyruvate kinetics in an anesthetized rat model during an unstimulated (Con), lactate clamp (LC), and epinephrine infusion (Epi) conditions using a primed-continuous infusion of [U-¹³C]pyruvate. Compared with Con and Epi stimulation, LC significantly increased mixed central venous ([v]) and arterial ([a]) pyruvate concentrations (P < 0.05). We hypothesized that the lungs, specifically the pulmonary capillary beds are sites of simultaneous production and removal of pyruvate and contributes significantly to whole body carbohydrate intermediary metabolism. Transpulmonary net pyruvate balances were positive during all three conditions, indicating net pyruvate uptake. Net balance was significantly greater during epinephrine stimulation compared with the unstimulated control (P < 0.05). Tracer-measured pyruvate fractional extraction averaged 42.8 ± 5.8% for all three conditions and was significantly higher during epinephrine stimulation (P < 0.05) than during either Con or LC conditions, that did not differ from each other. Pyruvate total release (tracer measured uptake - net balance) was significantly higher during epinephrine stimulation (400 ± 100 μg/min) vs. Con (30 ± 20 μg/min) (P < 0.05). These data are interpreted to mean that significant pyruvate extraction occurs during circulatory transport across lung parenchyma. The extent of pulmonary parenchymal pyruvate extraction predicts high expression of monocarboxylate (lactate/pyruvate) transporters (MCTs) in the tissue. Western blot analysis of whole lung homogenates detected three isoforms, MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4. We conclude that a major site of circulating pyruvate extraction resides with the lungs and that during times of elevated circulating lactate, pyruvate, or epinephrine stimulation, pyruvate extraction is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Johnson
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley California, USA
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Hussien R, Brooks GA. Mitochondrial and plasma membrane lactate transporter and lactate dehydrogenase isoform expression in breast cancer cell lines. Physiol Genomics 2010; 43:255-64. [PMID: 21177384 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00177.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that dysregulation of lactate/pyruvate (monocarboxylate) transporters (MCT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoforms contribute to the Warburg effect in cancer. Therefore, we assayed for the expression levels and the localizations of MCT (1, 2, and 4), and LDH (A and B) isoforms in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and compared results with those from a control, untransformed primary breast cell line, HMEC 184. Remarkably, MCT1 is not expressed in MDA-MB-231, but MCT1 is expressed in MCF-7 cells, where its abundance is less than in control HMEC 184 cells. When present in HMEC 184 and MCF-7 cells, MCT1 is localized to the plasma membrane. MCT2 and MCT4 were expressed in all the cell lines studied. MCT4 expression was higher in MDA-MB-231 compared with MCF-7 and HMEC 184 cells, whereas MCT2 abundance was higher in MCF-7 compared with MDA-MB-231 and HMEC 184 cells. Unlike MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4 were localized in mitochondria in addition to the plasma membrane. LDHA and LDHB were expressed in all the cell-lines, but abundances were higher in the two cancer cell lines than in the control cells. MCF-7 cells expressed mainly LDHB, while MDA-MB-231 and control cells expressed mainly LDHA. LDH isoforms were localized in mitochondria in addition to the cytosol. These localization patterns were the same in cancerous and control cell lines. In conclusion, MCT and LDH isoforms have distinct expression patterns in two breast cancer cell lines. These differences may contribute to divergent lactate dynamics and oxidative capacities in these cells, and offer possibilities for targeting cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Hussien
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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Abstract
In skeletal muscle and many other cell types, mitochondria exist as an elaborate and dynamic network in which "individual" mitochondria exist only transiently even under nonstimulated conditions. The balance of continuous mitochondrial fission and fusion defines the morphology of the mitochondrial reticulum. Environmental stimuli, such as oxidative stress, can influence fusion and fission rates, resulting in a transformation of the network's connectivity. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy of C(2)C(12) mouse myocytes, we show that acute exposure to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induces a slow fragmentation of the mitochondrial reticulum that is reversible over 24h. Although H(2)O(2) decomposes rapidly in culture medium, the full extent of fragmentation occurs 5-6h posttreatment, suggesting that H(2)O(2) affects mitochondrial morphology by modulating cellular physiology. Supraphysiological (>1 mM) concentrations of H(2)O(2) are cytotoxic, but lower concentrations (250 μM) sufficient to induce transient fragmentation do not lower cell viability. H(2)O(2)-induced mitochondrial fragmentation is preceded by decreases in inner mitochondrial membrane potential and maximal respiratory rate, suggesting a possible mechanism. Because H(2)O(2) is produced in contracting muscle, our results raise the possibility that ROS generation may contribute to exercise-induced changes in mitochondrial morphology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Fan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
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10
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Hussien R, Brooks GA. Lactate Shuttles in Breast Cancer Cells: a 'Super Athlete' Model. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389436.62255.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Valiyaveettil M, Bentley AA, Gursahaney P, Hussien R, Chakravarti R, Kureishy N, Prag S, Adams JC. Novel role of the muskelin-RanBP9 complex as a nucleocytoplasmic mediator of cell morphology regulation. J Cell Biol 2008; 182:727-39. [PMID: 18710924 PMCID: PMC2518711 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200801133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved kelch-repeat protein muskelin was identified as an intracellular mediator of cell spreading. We discovered that its morphological activity is controlled by association with RanBP9/RanBPM, a protein involved in transmembrane signaling and a conserved intracellular protein complex. By subcellular fractionation, endogenous muskelin is present in both the nucleus and the cytosol. Muskelin subcellular localization is coregulated by its C terminus, which provides a cytoplasmic restraint and also controls the interaction of muskelin with RanBP9, and its atypical lissencephaly-1 homology motif, which has a nuclear localization activity which is regulated by the status of the C terminus. Transient or stable short interfering RNA-based knockdown of muskelin resulted in protrusive cell morphologies with enlarged cell perimeters. Morphology was specifically restored by complementary DNAs encoding forms of muskelin with full activity of the C terminus for cytoplasmic localization and RanBP9 binding. Knockdown of RanBP9 resulted in equivalent morphological alterations. These novel findings identify a role for muskelin-RanBP9 complex in pathways that integrate cell morphology regulation and nucleocytoplasmic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Valiyaveettil
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Hashimoto T, Hussien R, Cho HS, Kaufer D, Brooks GA. Evidence for the mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex in rat neurons: demonstration of an essential component of brain lactate shuttles. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2915. [PMID: 18698340 PMCID: PMC2488371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the presence of components of a putative Intracellular Lactate Shuttle (ILS) in neurons, we attempted to determine if monocarboxylate (e.g. lactate) transporter isoforms (MCT1 and -2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are coexpressed in neuronal mitochondria of rat brains. Immunohistochemical analyses of rat brain cross-sections showed MCT1, MCT2, and LDH to colocalize with the mitochondrial inner membrane marker cytochrome oxidase (COX) in cortical, hippocampal, and thalamic neurons. Immunoblotting after immunoprecipitation (IP) of mitochondria from brain homogenates supported the histochemical observations by demonstrating that COX coprecipitated MCT1, MCT2, and LDH. Additionally, using primary cultures from rat cortex and hippocampus as well as immunohistochemistry and immunocoprecipitation techniques, we demonstrated that MCT2 and LDH are coexpressed in mitochondria of cultured neurons. These findings can be interpreted to mean that, as in skeletal muscle, neurons contain a mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex (mLOC) that has the potential to facilitate both intracellular and cell-cell lactate shuttles in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hashimoto
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Rajaa Hussien
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hyung-Sook Cho
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - George A. Brooks
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hashimoto T, Hussien R, Oommen S, Gohil K, Brooks GA. Lactate as a Metabolic Signal in Gene Expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000274116.55368.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hashimoto T, Hussien R, Oommen S, Gohil K, Brooks GA. Lactate sensitive transcription factor network in L6 cells: activation of
MCT1
and mitochondrial biogenesis. FASEB J 2007; 21:2602-12. [PMID: 17395833 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8174com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that in addition to serving as a fuel source and gluconeogenic precursor, lactate anion (La-) is a signaling molecule. Therefore, we screened genome-wide responses of L6 cells to elevated (10 and 20 mM) sodium-La- added to buffered, high-glucose media. Lactate increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and up-regulated 673 genes, many known to be responsive to ROS and Ca2+. The induction of genes encoding for components of the mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex was confirmed by independent methods (PCR and EMSA). Specifically, lactate increased monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) mRNA and protein expression within 1 h and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) mRNA and protein expression in 6 h. Increases in COX coincided with increases in peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC1alpha) expression and the DNA binding activity of nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-2. We conclude that the lactate signaling cascade involves ROS production and converges on transcription factors affecting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hashimoto
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140 USA
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Hashimoto T, Hussien R, Brooks GA. Colocalization of MCT1, CD147, and LDH in mitochondrial inner membrane of L6 muscle cells: evidence of a mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 290:E1237-44. [PMID: 16434551 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00594.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Results of previous studies suggested a role of mitochondria in intracellular and cell-cell lactate shuttles. Therefore, by using a rat-derived L6 skeletal muscle cell line and confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM), we examined the cellular locations of mitochondria, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the lactate-pyruvate transporter MCT1, and CD147, a purported chaperone protein for MCT1. CLSM showed that LDH, MCT1, and CD147 are colocalized with the mitochondrial reticulum. Western blots showed that cytochrome oxidase (COX), NADH dehydrogenase, LDH, MCT1, and CD147 are abundant in mitochondrial fractions of L6 cells. Interactions among COX, MCT1, and CD147 in mitochondria were confirmed by immunoblotting after immunoprecipitation. These findings support the presence of a mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex associated with the COX end of the electron transport chain that might explain the oxidative catabolism of lactate and, hence, mechanism of the intracellular lactate shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hashimoto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Dept. of Integrative Biology, 5101 Valley Life Sciences Bldg., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
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Hashimoto T, Hussien R, Brooks GA. Transient Elevations in Lactate Concentration Increase the Expression of Lactate Transporter MCT1. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hashimoto T, Hussien R, Brooks GA. Evidence of a mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex at mitochondrial inner membrane in mammalian skeletal muscle cells. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a816-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hashimoto
- Integrative BiologyUniversity of California Berkeley, 5101 VLSBDept. of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720
| | - Rajaa Hussien
- Integrative BiologyUniversity of California Berkeley, 5101 VLSBDept. of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720
| | - George A Brooks
- Integrative BiologyUniversity of California Berkeley, 5101 VLSBDept. of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720
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Abou El-Ella K, Al Sebayel M, Ramirez C, Hussien R. Outcome and risk factors of hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation in adults. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:2712-3. [PMID: 11498135 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(01)02157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Abou El-Ella
- The Hepatobiliary Unit, King Khalid University Hospital, and the Liver Transplant Program, King Fahad Hospital National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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