1
|
Casiraghi L, Mambretti F, Tovo A, Paraboschi EM, Suweis S, Bellini T. Synthetic eco-evolutionary dynamics in simple molecular environment. eLife 2024; 12:RP90156. [PMID: 38530348 PMCID: PMC10965223 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics, and in particular the mechanism of coexistence of species, is still fragmentary and in need of test bench model systems. To this aim we developed a variant of SELEX in vitro selection to study the evolution of a population of ∼1015 single-strand DNA oligonucleotide 'individuals'. We begin with a seed of random sequences which we select via affinity capture from ∼1012 DNA oligomers of fixed sequence ('resources') over which they compete. At each cycle ('generation'), the ecosystem is replenished via PCR amplification of survivors. Massive parallel sequencing indicates that across generations the variety of sequences ('species') drastically decreases, while some of them become populous and dominate the ecosystem. The simplicity of our approach, in which survival is granted by hybridization, enables a quantitative investigation of fitness through a statistical analysis of binding energies. We find that the strength of individual resource binding dominates the selection in the first generations, while inter- and intra-individual interactions become important in later stages, in parallel with the emergence of prototypical forms of mutualism and parasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Casiraghi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli CerviSegrateItaly
| | - Francesco Mambretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Anna Tovo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi MontalciniPieve EmanueleItaly
- IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research CenterRozzanoItaly
| | - Samir Suweis
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Tommaso Bellini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli CerviSegrateItaly
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cappadona C, Rimoldi V, Paraboschi EM, Asselta R. Genetic susceptibility to severe COVID-19. Infect Genet Evol 2023; 110:105426. [PMID: 36934789 PMCID: PMC10022467 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinical manifestations of the disease range from an asymptomatic condition to life-threatening events and death, with more severe courses being associated with age, male sex, and comorbidities. Besides these risk factors, intrinsic characteristics of the virus as well as genetic factors of the host are expected to account for COVID-19 clinical heterogeneity. Genetic studies have long been recognized as fundamental to identify biological mechanisms underlying congenital diseases, to pinpoint genes/proteins responsible for the susceptibility to different inherited conditions, to highlight targets of therapeutic relevance, to suggest drug repurposing, and even to clarify causal relationships that make modifiable some environmental risk factors. Though these studies usually take long time to be concluded and, above all, to translate their discoveries to patients' bedside, the scientific community moved really fast to deliver genetic signals underlying different COVID-19 phenotypes. In this Review, besides a concise description of COVID-19 symptomatology and of SARS-CoV-2 mechanism of infection, we aimed to recapitulate the current literature in terms of host genetic factors that specifically associate with an increased severity of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cappadona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele - Milan 20090, Italy
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele - Milan 20090, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele - Milan 20090, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele - Milan 20090, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cardamone G, Paraboschi EM, Soldà G, Liberatore G, Rimoldi V, Cibella J, Airi F, Tisato V, Cantoni C, Gallia F, Gemmati D, Piccio L, Duga S, Nobile-Orazio E, Asselta R. The circular RNA landscape in multiple sclerosis: Disease-specific associated variants and exon methylation shape circular RNA expression profile. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104426. [PMID: 36446168 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs increasingly emerging as crucial actors in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including autoimmune and neurological disorders as multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite several efforts, the mechanisms regulating circRNAs expression are still largely unknown and the circRNA profile and regulation in MS-relevant cell models has not been completely investigated. In this work, we aimed at exploring the global landscape of circRNA expression in MS patients, also evaluating a possible correlation with their genetic and epigenetic background. METHODS We performed RNA-seq experiments on circRNA-enriched samples, derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 10 MS patients and 10 matched controls and performed differential circRNA expression. The genetic background was evaluated using array genotyping, and an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was carried out. RESULTS Expression analysis revealed 166 differentially expressed circRNAs in MS patients, 125 of which are downregulated. One of the top dysregulated circRNAs, hsa_circ_0007990, derives from the PGAP3 gene, encoding a protein relevant for the control of autoimmune responses. The downregulation of this circRNA was confirmed in two independent replication cohorts, suggesting its implementation as a possible RNA-based biomarker. The eQTL analysis evidenced a significant association between 89 MS-associated loci and the expression of at least one circRNA, suggesting that MS-associated variants could impact on disease pathogenesis by altering circRNA profiles. Finally, we found a significant correlation between exon methylation and circRNA expression levels, supporting the hypothesis that epigenetic features may play an important role in the definition of the cell circRNA pool. CONCLUSION We described the circRNA expression profile of PBMCs in MS patients, suggesting that MS-associated variants may tune the expression levels of circRNAs acting as "circ-QTLs", and proposing a role for exon-based DNA methylation in regulating circRNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cardamone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Liberatore
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Cibella
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Airi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesca Gallia
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy; Center Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Milan University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Degenhardt F, Ellinghaus D, Juzenas S, Lerga-Jaso J, Wendorff M, Maya-Miles D, Uellendahl-Werth F, ElAbd H, Rühlemann MC, Arora J, Özer O, Lenning OB, Myhre R, Vadla MS, Wacker EM, Wienbrandt L, Blandino Ortiz A, de Salazar A, Garrido Chercoles A, Palom A, Ruiz A, Garcia-Fernandez AE, Blanco-Grau A, Mantovani A, Zanella A, Holten AR, Mayer A, Bandera A, Cherubini A, Protti A, Aghemo A, Gerussi A, Ramirez A, Braun A, Nebel A, Barreira A, Lleo A, Teles A, Kildal AB, Biondi A, Caballero-Garralda A, Ganna A, Gori A, Glück A, Lind A, Tanck A, Hinney A, Carreras Nolla A, Fracanzani AL, Peschuck A, Cavallero A, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Ruello A, Julià A, Muscatello A, Pesenti A, Voza A, Rando-Segura A, Solier A, Schmidt A, Cortes B, Mateos B, Nafria-Jimenez B, Schaefer B, Jensen B, Bellinghausen C, Maj C, Ferrando C, de la Horra C, Quereda C, Skurk C, Thibeault C, Scollo C, Herr C, Spinner CD, Gassner C, Lange C, Hu C, Paccapelo C, Lehmann C, Angelini C, Cappadona C, Azuure C, Bianco C, Cea C, Sancho C, Hoff DAL, Galimberti D, Prati D, Haschka D, Jiménez D, Pestaña D, Toapanta D, Muñiz-Diaz E, Azzolini E, Sandoval E, Binatti E, Scarpini E, Helbig ET, Casalone E, Urrechaga E, Paraboschi EM, Pontali E, Reverter E, Calderón EJ, Navas E, Solligård E, Contro E, Arana-Arri E, Aziz F, Garcia F, García Sánchez F, Ceriotti F, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Peyvandi F, Kurth F, Blasi F, Malvestiti F, Medrano FJ, Mesonero F, Rodriguez-Frias F, Hanses F, Müller F, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Bellani G, Grasselli G, Pezzoli G, Costantino G, Albano G, Cardamone G, Bellelli G, Citerio G, Foti G, Lamorte G, Matullo G, Baselli G, Kurihara H, Neb H, My I, Kurth I, Hernández I, Pink I, de Rojas I, Galván-Femenia I, Holter JC, Afset JE, Heyckendorf J, Kässens J, Damås JK, Rybniker J, Altmüller J, Ampuero J, Martín J, Erdmann J, Banales JM, Badia JR, Dopazo J, Schneider J, Bergan J, Barretina J, Walter J, Hernández Quero J, Goikoetxea J, Delgado J, Guerrero JM, Fazaal J, Kraft J, Schröder J, Risnes K, Banasik K, Müller KE, Gaede KI, Garcia-Etxebarria K, Tonby K, Heggelund L, Izquierdo-Sanchez L, Bettini LR, Sumoy L, Sander LE, Lippert LJ, Terranova L, Nkambule L, Knopp L, Gustad LT, Garbarino L, Santoro L, Téllez L, Roade L, Ostadreza M, Intxausti M, Kogevinas M, Riveiro-Barciela M, Berger MM, Schaefer M, Niemi MEK, Gutiérrez-Stampa MA, Carrabba M, Figuera Basso ME, Valsecchi MG, Hernandez-Tejero M, Vehreschild MJGT, Manunta M, Acosta-Herrera M, D'Angiò M, Baldini M, Cazzaniga M, Grimsrud MM, Cornberg M, Nöthen MM, Marquié M, Castoldi M, Cordioli M, Cecconi M, D'Amato M, Augustin M, Tomasi M, Boada M, Dreher M, Seilmaier MJ, Joannidis M, Wittig M, Mazzocco M, Ciccarelli M, Rodríguez-Gandía M, Bocciolone M, Miozzo M, Imaz Ayo N, Blay N, Chueca N, Montano N, Braun N, Ludwig N, Marx N, Martínez N, Cornely OA, Witzke O, Palmieri O, Faverio P, Preatoni P, Bonfanti P, Omodei P, Tentorio P, Castro P, Rodrigues PM, España PP, Hoffmann P, Rosenstiel P, Schommers P, Suwalski P, de Pablo R, Ferrer R, Bals R, Gualtierotti R, Gallego-Durán R, Nieto R, Carpani R, Morilla R, Badalamenti S, Haider S, Ciesek S, May S, Bombace S, Marsal S, Pigazzini S, Klein S, Pelusi S, Wilfling S, Bosari S, Volland S, Brunak S, Raychaudhuri S, Schreiber S, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Aliberti S, Ripke S, Dudman S, Wesse T, Zheng T, Bahmer T, Eggermann T, Illig T, Brenner T, Pumarola T, Feldt T, Folseraas T, Gonzalez Cejudo T, Landmesser U, Protzer U, Hehr U, Rimoldi V, Monzani V, Skogen V, Keitel V, Kopfnagel V, Friaza V, Andrade V, Moreno V, Albrecht W, Peter W, Poller W, Farre X, Yi X, Wang X, Khodamoradi Y, Karadeniz Z, Latiano A, Goerg S, Bacher P, Koehler P, Tran F, Zoller H, Schulte EC, Heidecker B, Ludwig KU, Fernández J, Romero-Gómez M, Albillos A, Invernizzi P, Buti M, Duga S, Bujanda L, Hov JR, Lenz TL, Asselta R, de Cid R, Valenti L, Karlsen TH, Cáceres M, Franke A. Detailed stratified GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3945-3966. [PMID: 35848942 PMCID: PMC9703941 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended genome-wide association meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3255 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12 488 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.31 to a ~0.9-Mb inversion polymorphism that creates two highly differentiated haplotypes and characterized the potential effects of the inversion in detail. Our data, together with the 5th release of summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative including non-Caucasian individuals, also identified a new locus at 19q13.33, including NAPSA, a gene which is expressed primarily in alveolar cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Degenhardt
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (Frauke Degenhardt) and (Andre Franke)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hesham ElAbd
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte C Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jatin Arora
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Onur Özer
- Research Group for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany,Research Unit for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ole Bernt Lenning
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway,Randaberg Municipality, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ronny Myhre
- Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics (HDGB), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Sissel Vadla
- Randaberg Municipality, Stavanger, Norway,Department of Quality and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Eike M Wacker
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Wienbrandt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aaron Blandino Ortiz
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo de Salazar
- Ibs.Granada Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain,Microbiology Unit. Hospital Universitario Clinico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Adolfo Garrido Chercoles
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adriana Palom
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain,Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Albert Blanco-Grau
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanella
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Aleksander Rygh Holten
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alena Mayer
- Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Protti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Aghemo
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Gerussi
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy,Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alice Braun
- Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ana Barreira
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lleo
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Teles
- Research Group for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany,Research Unit for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders Benjamin Kildal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Departement, Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network (ERN) PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN-University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale, San Gerardo, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ganna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Gori
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas Glück
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Tanck
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Carreras Nolla
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Peschuck
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Antonio Julià
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Pesenti
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Voza
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ariadna Rando-Segura
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain
| | - Aurora Solier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatriz Cortes
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Nafria-Jimenez
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Benedikt Schaefer
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory of Iron and Phosphate Biology at the Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Björn Jensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Carla Bellinghausen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Maj
- Institute of Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlos Ferrando
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain,Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen de la Horra
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Quereda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Chiara Scollo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology Laboratory, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V—Pneumology, Allergology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Gassner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany,Institute of Translational Medicine, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein (UFL), Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Christoph Lange
- Respiratory Medicine and International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany,Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Borstel, Germany
| | - Cinzia Hu
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Paccapelo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Lehmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Claudio Cappadona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Clinton Azuure
- Research Group for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany,Research Unit for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Cristiana Bianco
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cea
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sancho
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Respiratory Service, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dag Arne Lihaug Hoff
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Medicine, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Jiménez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pestaña
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Toapanta
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñiz-Diaz
- Immunohematology Department, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Azzolini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sandoval
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eleonora Binatti
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy,Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Casalone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Eloisa Urrechaga
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao Hospital, Respiratory Service, Galdakao, Spain,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Enric Reverter
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique J Calderón
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Navas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erik Solligård
- Geminicenter for Sepsis Research, Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging (ISB), NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ernesto Contro
- Accident and Emergency and Emergency Medicine Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Fátima Aziz
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Garcia
- Ibs.Granada Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain,Microbiology Unit. Hospital Universitario Clinico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix García Sánchez
- Histocompatibilidad y Biologia Molecular, Centro de Transfusion de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Florian Kurth
- Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany,Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francisco J Medrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain,Internal Medicine Department, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Mesonero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodriguez-Frias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain,Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain,Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank Hanses
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Department for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Giacomo Bellani
- Department Emergency, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson and Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Costantino
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Cardamone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Neurointensive Care Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Foti
- Department Emergency, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lamorte
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Baselli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Holger Neb
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilaria My
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabell Pink
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Galván-Femenia
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Jan Cato Holter
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Egil Afset
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Respiratory Service, Bilbao, Spain,Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Respiratory Medicine and International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany,Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Borstel, Germany
| | - Jan Kässens
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Rybniker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Digestive Diseases Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research, Lübeck, Germany,University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute—Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Joan Ramon Badia
- Respiratory ICU, Institut Clínic Respiratory, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud, and Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine V—Pneumology, Allergology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Bergan
- Department of Research, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Gralum, Norway
| | - Jordi Barretina
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics & Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jose Hernández Quero
- Ibs.Granada Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Clinico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Josune Goikoetxea
- Infectious Diseases Service, Osakidetza, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Juan Delgado
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M Guerrero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia Fazaal
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Kraft
- Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kari Risnes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Research, St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl Erik Müller
- Medical Department, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Karoline I Gaede
- Research Center Borstel, BioMaterialBank Nord, Borstel, Germany,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany,Popgen 2.0 Network (P2N), Kiel, Germany
| | - Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute—Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Medical Department, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute—Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Laura Rachele Bettini
- Pediatric Departement, Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network (ERN) PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN-University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale, San Gerardo, Italy
| | - Lauro Sumoy
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Lindokuhle Nkambule
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research & Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Knopp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lise Tuset Gustad
- Geminicenter for Sepsis Research, Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging (ISB), NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,Clinic of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trondelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Luigi Santoro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Téllez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Roade
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maider Intxausti
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Respiratory Service, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Riveiro-Barciela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain
| | - Marc M Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Mari E K Niemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - María A Gutiérrez-Stampa
- Osakidetza, OSI Donostialdea, Altza Primary Care, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria Carrabba
- Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria E Figuera Basso
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt & Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria Manunta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mariella D'Angiò
- Pediatric Departement, Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network (ERN) PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN-University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale, San Gerardo, Italy
| | - Marina Baldini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cazzaniga
- Phase 1 Research Centre, ASST Monza, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marit M Grimsrud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mattia Cordioli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maurizio Cecconi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain,Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE—BRTA, Derio, Spain,Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
| | - Max Augustin
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Cologne, Germany
| | - Melissa Tomasi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Dreher
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael J Seilmaier
- Munich Clinic Schwabing, Academic Teaching Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Joannidis
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Miguel Rodríguez-Gandía
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Monica Miozzo
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Natale Imaz Ayo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Natalia Blay
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Natalia Chueca
- Microbiology Unit. Hospital Universitario Clinico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Nicola Montano
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Braun
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany,University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Center of Human and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nilda Martínez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oliver A Cornely
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Cologne, Germany,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Orazio Palmieri
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Paola Faverio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Pulmonary Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bonfanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Infectious Diseases Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Omodei
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pedro Castro
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute—Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Pedro Pablo España
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao Hospital, Respiratory Service, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Schommers
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Raúl de Pablo
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, SODIR-VHIR research group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V—Pneumology, Allergology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Nieto
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rossana Carpani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rubén Morilla
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Sammra Haider
- Department of Medicine, Møre & Romsdal Hospital Trust, Molde, Norway
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sara Bombace
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Marsal
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Pigazzini
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Serena Pelusi
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sibylle Wilfling
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Zentrum für Humangenetik Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Department of Neurology, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvano Bosari
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonja Volland
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany,Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Susanne Dudman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tanja Wesse
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tenghao Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Bahmer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tomas Pumarola
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain,Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Division for Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ulf Landmesser
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Hehr
- Zentrum für Humangenetik Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Monzani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Vegard Skogen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Kopfnagel
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vicente Friaza
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Victor Andrade
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Victor Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain,Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Albrecht
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peter
- Stefan-Morsch-Stiftung, Birkenfeld, Germany,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Xavier Farre
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Xiaoli Yi
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yascha Khodamoradi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt & Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Anna Latiano
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Siegfried Goerg
- Institute of Transfusionsmedicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany,Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Koehler
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany,Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory of Iron and Phosphate Biology at the Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva C Schulte
- Institute of Virology, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany,Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Medical Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Javier Fernández
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Digestive Diseases Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy,Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Buti
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain
| | - Stefano Duga
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute—Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andre Franke
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (Frauke Degenhardt) and (Andre Franke)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ardissino M, Nelson AJ, Maglietta G, Malagoli Tagliazucchi G, Disisto C, Celli P, Ferrario M, Canosi U, Cernetti C, Negri F, Merlini PA, Tubaro M, Berzuini C, Manzalini C, Ignone G, Campana C, Moschini L, Ponte E, Pozzi R, Fetiveau R, Buratti S, Paraboschi EM, Asselta R, Botti A, Tuttolomondo D, Barocelli F, Bricoli S, Biagi A, Bonura R, Moccetti T, Crocamo A, Benatti G, Paoli G, Solinas E, Notarangelo MF, Moscarella E, Calabrò P, Duga S, Magnani G, Ardissino D. Sex-Related Differences in Long-Term Outcomes After Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:863811. [PMID: 35859592 PMCID: PMC9289186 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.863811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance There is growing awareness of sex-related differences in cardiovascular risk profiles, but less is known about whether these extend to pre-menopausal females experiencing an early-onset myocardial infarction (MI), who may benefit from the protective effects of estrogen exposure. Methods A nationwide study involving 125 Italian Coronary Care Units recruited 2,000 patients between 1998 and 2002 hospitalized for a type I myocardial infarction before the age of 45 years (male, n = 1,778 (88.9%). Patients were followed up for a median of 19.9 years (IQR 18.1–22.6). The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial re-infarction or non-fatal stroke, and the secondary endpoint of hospitalization for revascularisation by means of a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Results ST-elevation MI was the most frequent presentation among both men and women (85.1 vs. 87.4%, p = ns), but the men had a greater baseline coronary atherosclerotic burden (median Duke Coronary Artery Disease Index: 48 vs. 23; median Syntax score 9 vs. 7; both p < 0.001). The primary composite endpoint occurred less frequently among women (25.7% vs. 37.0%; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.69, 95% CI 0.52–0.91; p = 0.01) despite being less likely to receive treatment with most secondary prevention medications during follow up. Conclusions There are significant sex-related differences in baseline risk factors and outcomes among patients with early-onset MI: women present with a lower atherosclerotic disease burden and, although they are less frequently prescribed secondary prevention measures, experience better long-term outcomes. Trial Registration 4272/98 Ospedale Niguarda, Ca' Granda 03/09/1998.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J. Nelson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Maglietta
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Disisto
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Celli
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Camillo, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrario
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Canosi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Associazione per lo Studio della Trombosi in Cardiologia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Cernetti
- Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital “Santa Maria della Miserciordia”, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Negri
- Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital “Santa Maria della Miserciordia”, Udine, Italy
| | - Piera Angelica Merlini
- Associazione per lo Studio della Trombosi in Cardiologia, Pavia, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Tubaro
- ICCU, Intensive and Interventional Cardiology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Berzuini
- Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Manzalini
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ignone
- Department of Cardiology, Antonio Perrino Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Carlo Campana
- Department of Cardiology, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Luigi Moschini
- Division of Cardiology, Istituti Ospitalieri, Cremona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ponte
- Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Servizio di Radiologia, Toledo, Spain
| | - Roberto Pozzi
- Division of Cardiology, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Buratti
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Botti
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Federico Barocelli
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Bricoli
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Biagi
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosario Bonura
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Crocamo
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Benatti
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Paoli
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emilia Solinas
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- University Division of Clinical Cardiology, AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- University Division of Clinical Cardiology, AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Magnani
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Magnani ;
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Associazione per lo Studio della Trombosi in Cardiologia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gerussi A, Paraboschi EM, Cappadona C, Caime C, Binatti E, Cristoferi L, Asselta R, Invernizzi P. The Role of Epigenetics in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094873. [PMID: 35563266 PMCID: PMC9105933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a rare autoimmune disease of the liver, affecting mostly females. There is evidence that epigenetic changes have a pathogenic role in PBC. Epigenetic modifications are related to methylation of CpG DNA islands, post-translational modifications of histone proteins, and non-coding RNAs. In PBC, there are data showing a dysregulation of all these levels, especially in immune cells. In addition, epigenetics seems to be involved in complex phenomena such as X monosomy or abnormalities in the process of X chromosome inactivation, which have been reported in PBC and appear to influence its sex imbalance and pathogenesis. We review here historical data on epigenetic modifications in PBC, present new data, and discuss possible links among X-chromosome abnormalities at a genetic and epigenetic level, PBC pathogenesis, and PBC sex imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gerussi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.G.); (C.C.); (E.B.); (L.C.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (E.M.P.); (C.C.); (R.A.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Claudio Cappadona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (E.M.P.); (C.C.); (R.A.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Caime
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.G.); (C.C.); (E.B.); (L.C.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Binatti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.G.); (C.C.); (E.B.); (L.C.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Cristoferi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.G.); (C.C.); (E.B.); (L.C.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (E.M.P.); (C.C.); (R.A.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.G.); (C.C.); (E.B.); (L.C.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marasca F, Sinha S, Vadalà R, Polimeni B, Ranzani V, Paraboschi EM, Burattin FV, Ghilotti M, Crosti M, Negri ML, Campagnoli S, Notarbartolo S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Siena S, Prati D, Montini G, Viale G, Torre O, Harari S, Grifantini R, Soldà G, Biffo S, Abrignani S, Bodega B. LINE1 are spliced in non-canonical transcript variants to regulate T cell quiescence and exhaustion. Nat Genet 2022; 54:180-193. [PMID: 35039641 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How gene expression is controlled to preserve human T cell quiescence is poorly understood. Here we show that non-canonical splicing variants containing long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1) enforce naive CD4+ T cell quiescence. LINE1-containing transcripts are derived from CD4+ T cell-specific genes upregulated during T cell activation. In naive CD4+ T cells, LINE1-containing transcripts are regulated by the transcription factor IRF4 and kept at chromatin by nucleolin; these transcripts act in cis, hampering levels of histone 3 (H3) lysine 36 trimethyl (H3K36me3) and stalling gene expression. T cell activation induces LINE1-containing transcript downregulation by the splicing suppressor PTBP1 and promotes expression of the corresponding protein-coding genes by the elongating factor GTF2F1 through mTORC1. Dysfunctional T cells, exhausted in vitro or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), accumulate LINE1-containing transcripts at chromatin. Remarkably, depletion of LINE1-containing transcripts restores TIL effector function. Our study identifies a role for LINE1 elements in maintaining T cell quiescence and suggests that an abundance of LINE1-containing transcripts is critical for T cell effector function and exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marasca
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Shruti Sinha
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Vadalà
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine, DIMET, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Benedetto Polimeni
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine, DIMET, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Ranzani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ghilotti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luce Negri
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | | | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- University of Milan, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Torre
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giuseppe Hospital MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Harari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giuseppe Hospital MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- CheckmAb Srl, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Biffo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Bodega
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stravalaci M, Pagani I, Paraboschi EM, Pedotti M, Doni A, Scavello F, Mapelli SN, Sironi M, Perucchini C, Varani L, Matkovic M, Cavalli A, Cesana D, Gallina P, Pedemonte N, Capurro V, Clementi N, Mancini N, Invernizzi P, Bayarri-Olmos R, Garred P, Rappuoli R, Duga S, Bottazzi B, Uguccioni M, Asselta R, Vicenzi E, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. Recognition and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by humoral innate immunity pattern recognition molecules. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:275-286. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
9
|
Vecellio M, Paraboschi EM, Ceribelli A, Isailovic N, Motta F, Cardamone G, Robusto M, Asselta R, Brescianini S, Sacrini F, Costanzo A, De Santis M, Stazi MA, Duga S, Selmi C. DNA Methylation Signature in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Psoriatic Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:778677. [PMID: 34901024 PMCID: PMC8653905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriatic disease is a multifactorial inflammatory condition spanning from skin and nail psoriasis (Pso) to spine and joint involvement characterizing psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Monozygotic twins provide a model to investigate genetic, early life environmental exposure and stochastic influences to complex diseases, mainly mediated by epigenetics. Methods: We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study on whole blood of monozygotic twins from 7 pairs discordant for Pso/PsA using the Infinium Methylation EPIC array (Illumina). MeDiP—qPCR was used to confirm specific signals. Data were replicated in an independent cohort of seven patients with Pso/PsA and 3 healthy controls. Transcriptomic profiling was performed by RNAsequence on the same 7 monozygotic twin pairs. Results: We identified 2,564 differentially methylated positions between psoriatic disease and controls, corresponding to 1,703 genes, 59% within gene bodies. There were 19 regions with at least two DMPs within 1 kb of distance and significant within-pair Δβ-values (p < 0.005), among them SNX25, BRG1 and SMAD3 genes, all involved in TGF-β signaling pathway, were identified. Co-expression analyses on transcriptome data identified IL-6/JAK/STAT3 and TNF-α pathways as important signaling axes involved in the disease, and they also suggested an altered glucose metabolism in patients’ immune cells, characteristic of pro-inflammatory T lymphocytes. Conclusion: The study suggests the presence of an epigenetic signature in affected individuals, pointing to genes involved in immunological and inflammatory responses. This result is also supported by transcriptome data, that altogether suggest a higher activation state of the immune system, that could promote the disease status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vecellio
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Natasa Isailovic
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Cardamone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Michela Robusto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Sonia Brescianini
- Italian Twin Registry, Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sacrini
- Dermatology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,Dermatology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Stazi
- Italian Twin Registry, Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cappadona C, Paraboschi EM, Ziliotto N, Bottaro S, Rimoldi V, Gerussi A, Azimonti A, Brenna D, Brunati A, Cameroni C, Campanaro G, Carloni F, Cavadini G, Ciravegna M, Composto A, Converso G, Corbella P, D’Eugenio D, Dal Rì G, Di Giorgio SM, Grondelli MC, Guerrera L, Laffoucriere G, Lando B, Lopedote L, Maizza B, Marconi E, Mariola C, Matronola GM, Menga LM, Montorsi G, Papatolo A, Patti R, Profeta L, Rebasti V, Smidili A, Tarchi SM, Tartaglia FC, Tettamanzi G, Tinelli E, Stuani R, Bolchini C, Pattini L, Invernizzi P, Degenhardt F, Franke A, Duga S, Asselta R. MEDTEC Students against Coronavirus: Investigating the Role of Hemostatic Genes in the Predisposition to COVID-19 Severity. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111166. [PMID: 34834519 PMCID: PMC8622845 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Besides virus intrinsic characteristics, the host genetic makeup is predicted to account for the extreme clinical heterogeneity of the disease, which is characterized, among other manifestations, by a derangement of hemostasis associated with thromboembolic events. To date, large-scale studies confirmed that genetic predisposition plays a role in COVID-19 severity, pinpointing several susceptibility genes, often characterized by immunologic functions. With these premises, we performed an association study of common variants in 32 hemostatic genes with COVID-19 severity. We investigated 49,845 single-nucleotide polymorphism in a cohort of 332 Italian severe COVID-19 patients and 1668 controls from the general population. The study was conducted engaging a class of students attending the second year of the MEDTEC school (a six-year program, held in collaboration between Humanitas University and the Politecnico of Milan, allowing students to gain an MD in Medicine and a Bachelor’s Degree in Biomedical Engineering). Thanks to their willingness to participate in the fight against the pandemic, we evidenced several suggestive hits (p < 0.001), involving the PROC, MTHFR, MTR, ADAMTS13, and THBS2 genes (top signal in PROC: chr2:127192625:G:A, OR = 2.23, 95%CI = 1.50–3.34, p = 8.77 × 10−5). The top signals in PROC, MTHFR, MTR, ADAMTS13 were instrumental for the construction of a polygenic risk score, whose distribution was significantly different between cases and controls (p = 1.62 × 10−8 for difference in median levels). Finally, a meta-analysis performed using data from the Regeneron database confirmed the contribution of the MTHFR variant chr1:11753033:G:A to the predisposition to severe COVID-19 (pooled OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.09–1.33, p = 4.34 × 10−14 in the weighted analysis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cappadona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Nicole Ziliotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sandro Bottaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Alessio Gerussi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.G.); (P.I.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Azimonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Daniele Brenna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Andrea Brunati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Charlotte Cameroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Giovanni Campanaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Francesca Carloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Giacomo Cavadini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Martina Ciravegna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Antonio Composto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Converso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Pierluigi Corbella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Davide D’Eugenio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Giovanna Dal Rì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sofia Maria Di Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Maria Chiara Grondelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Lorenza Guerrera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Georges Laffoucriere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Beatrice Lando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Leandro Lopedote
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Benedetta Maizza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Elettra Marconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Carlotta Mariola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Guia Margherita Matronola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Luca Maria Menga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Giulia Montorsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Antonio Papatolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Riccardo Patti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Lorenzo Profeta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Vera Rebasti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Alice Smidili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sofia Maria Tarchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Francesco Carlo Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Gaia Tettamanzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Elena Tinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Riccardo Stuani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Cristiana Bolchini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Linda Pattini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.G.); (P.I.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.D.); (A.F.)
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (C.C.); (E.M.P.); (N.Z.); (S.B.); (V.R.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (G.C.); (P.C.); (D.D.); (G.D.R.); (S.M.D.G.); (M.C.G.); (L.G.); (G.L.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (B.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.M.); (L.M.M.); (G.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (S.M.T.); (F.C.T.); (G.T.); (E.T.); (R.S.); (S.D.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Asselta R, Paraboschi EM, Duga S. Hereditary Hypofibrinogenemia with Hepatic Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217830. [PMID: 33105716 PMCID: PMC7659954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen is a 340-kDa plasma glycoprotein constituted by two sets of symmetrical trimers, each formed by the Aα, Bβ, and γ chains (respectively coded by the FGA, FGB, and FGG genes). Quantitative fibrinogen deficiencies (hypofibrinogenemia, afibrinogenemia) are rare congenital disorders characterized by low or unmeasurable plasma fibrinogen antigen levels. Their genetic basis is represented by mutations within the fibrinogen genes. To date, only eight mutations, all affecting a small region of the fibrinogen γ chain, have been reported to cause hereditary hypofibrinogenemia with hepatic storage (HHHS), a disorder characterized by protein aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum, hypofibrinogenemia, and liver disease of variable severity. Here, we will briefly review the clinic characteristics of HHHS patients and the histological feature of their hepatic inclusions, and we will focus on the molecular genetic basis of this peculiar type of coagulopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (E.M.P.); (S.D.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-8224-5215
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (E.M.P.); (S.D.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (E.M.P.); (S.D.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Facchi D, Rimoldi V, Straniero L, Paraboschi EM, Soldà G, Zecchinelli AL, Cilia R, Duga S, Pezzoli G, Asselta R. Saposin D variants are not a common cause of familial Parkinson’s disease among Italians. Brain 2020; 143:e71. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Facchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Straniero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cilia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST ‘Gaetano Pini-CTO’, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milan, Italy *Previous address: Parkinson Institute, ASST ‘Gaetano Pini-CTO’, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Asselta R, Paraboschi EM, Mantovani A, Duga S. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 variants and expression as candidates to sex and country differences in COVID-19 severity in Italy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10087-10098. [PMID: 32501810 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20047878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progresses, prognostic markers for early identification of high-risk individuals are an urgent medical need. Italy has one of the highest numbers of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths and one of the highest mortality rates. Worldwide, a more severe course of COVID-19 is associated with older age, comorbidities, and male sex. Hence, we searched for possible genetic components of COVID-19 severity among Italians by looking at expression levels and variants in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes, crucial for viral infection.Exome and SNP-array data from a large Italian cohort were used to compare the rare-variants burden and polymorphisms frequency with Europeans and East Asians. Moreover, we looked into gene expression databases to check for sex-unbalanced expression.While we found no significant evidence that ACE2 is associated with disease severity/sex bias, TMPRSS2 levels and genetic variants proved to be possible candidate disease modulators, prompting for rapid experimental validations on large patient cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20090, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20090, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20090, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20090, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Asselta R, Paraboschi EM, Mantovani A, Duga S. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 variants and expression as candidates to sex and country differences in COVID-19 severity in Italy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10087-10098. [PMID: 32501810 PMCID: PMC7346072 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progresses, prognostic markers for early identification of high-risk individuals are an urgent medical need. Italy has one of the highest numbers of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths and one of the highest mortality rates. Worldwide, a more severe course of COVID-19 is associated with older age, comorbidities, and male sex. Hence, we searched for possible genetic components of COVID-19 severity among Italians by looking at expression levels and variants in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes, crucial for viral infection.Exome and SNP-array data from a large Italian cohort were used to compare the rare-variants burden and polymorphisms frequency with Europeans and East Asians. Moreover, we looked into gene expression databases to check for sex-unbalanced expression.While we found no significant evidence that ACE2 is associated with disease severity/sex bias, TMPRSS2 levels and genetic variants proved to be possible candidate disease modulators, prompting for rapid experimental validations on large patient cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20090, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20090, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20090, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20090, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Corrado L, Pensato V, Croce R, Di Pierro A, Mellone S, Dalla Bella E, Salsano E, Paraboschi EM, Giordano M, Saraceno M, Mazzini L, Gellera C, D'Alfonso S. The first case of the TARDBP p.G294V mutation in a homozygous state: is a single pathogenic allele sufficient to cause ALS? Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 21:273-279. [PMID: 31852254 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1704011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we described the first amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient presenting the c.881 G > T p.G294V TARDBP mutation in homozygous status. The patient belongs to a large pedigree from Morocco. Except for one older affected brother his parents and remaining 8 sibs are referred to be healthy and do not show any neurological sign or symptom. The lack of evidence of TARDBP deletions of any sizes, together with the presence of several AOH segments, strongly suggests that the homozygosity status of p.G294V in the proband derived from parental consanguinity. A revision of the literature and our cohorts indicates that the p.G294V mutation has been detected in only 15 additional ALS patients in heterozygosity and, except for one additional Moroccan patient, all were of Italian origin. The analysis of microsatellite markers surrounding the TARDBP gene in 8 individuals carrying the p.G294V mutation showed that the haplotypic context of the Moroccan proband is shared with most patients of European origin indicating that they carry the p.G294V mutation inherited from a common ancestor. The analysis of the 15 ALS pedigrees (from literature data and present study), strongly suggests a reduced penetrance of the p.G294V mutation since for 13 of the 15 described p.G294V ALS cases the parents did not show any neurological symptoms. This result has potentially important implications in genetic counseling, since genetic testing of a reduced penetrance mutation on pre-symptomatic individuals proves very difficult to predict the outcome based on the genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Viviana Pensato
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Alice Di Pierro
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Simona Mellone
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dalla Bella
- III Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Salsano
- X Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mara Giordano
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimo Saraceno
- Department of Neurology, UPO University and Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini, Novara
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology, UPO University and Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini, Novara
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
La Manna MP, Orlando V, Paraboschi EM, Tamburini B, Di Carlo P, Cascio A, Asselta R, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drives Expansion of Low-Density Neutrophils Equipped With Regulatory Activities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2761. [PMID: 31849955 PMCID: PMC6892966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In human tuberculosis (TB) neutrophils represent the most commonly infected phagocyte but their role in protection and pathology is highly contradictory. Moreover, a subset of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) has been identified in TB, but their functions remain unclear. Here, we have analyzed total neutrophils and their low-density and normal-density (NDNs) subsets in patients with active TB disease, in terms of frequency, phenotype, functional features, and gene expression signature. Full-blood counts from Healthy Donors (H.D.), Latent TB infected, active TB, and cured TB patients were performed. Frequency, phenotype, burst activity, and suppressor T cell activity of the two different subsets were assessed by flow cytometry while NETosis and phagocytosis were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Expression analysis was performed by using the semi-quantitative RT-PCR array technology. Elevated numbers of total neutrophils and a high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio distinguished patients with active TB from all the other groups. PBMCs of patients with active TB disease contained elevated percentages of LDNs compared with those of H.D., with an increased expression of CD66b, CD33, CD15, and CD16 compared to NDNs. Transcriptomic analysis of LDNs and NDNs purified from the peripheral blood of TB patients identified 12 genes differentially expressed: CCL5, CCR5, CD4, IL10, LYZ, and STAT4 were upregulated, while CXCL8, IFNAR1, NFKB1A, STAT1, TICAM1, and TNF were downregulated in LDNs, as compared to NDNs. Differently than NDNs, LDNs failed to phagocyte live Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacilli, to make oxidative burst and NETosis, but caused significant suppression of antigen-specific and polyclonal T cell proliferation which was partially mediated by IL-10. These insights add a little dowel of knowledge in understanding the pathogenesis of human TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Paraboschi EM, Khera AV, Merlini PA, Gigante L, Peyvandi F, Chaffin M, Menegatti M, Busti F, Girelli D, Martinelli N, Olivieri O, Kathiresan S, Ardissino D, Asselta R, Duga S. Rare variants lowering the levels of coagulation factor X are protective against ischemic heart disease. Haematologica 2019; 105:e365-e369. [PMID: 31699787 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.237750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Amit Vikram Khera
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Laura Gigante
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marzia Menegatti
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Busti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Oliviero Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paraboschi EM, Menegatti M, Rimoldi V, Borhany M, Abdelwahab M, Gemmati D, Peyvandi F, Duga S, Asselta R. Profiling the mutational landscape of coagulation factor V deficiency. Haematologica 2019; 105:e180-e185. [PMID: 31399523 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.232587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marzia Menegatti
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Munira Borhany
- National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation (NIBD), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Magy Abdelwahab
- General Pediatric and Pediatric Hematology Departments, Cairo University Pediatric Hospital and Social and Preventive Medicine Center, Medical Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Biomedical & Specialty Surgical Sciences and Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS , Rozzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cardamone G, Paraboschi EM, Soldà G, Duga S, Saarela J, Asselta R. Genetic Association and Altered Gene Expression of CYBB in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6040117. [PMID: 30567305 PMCID: PMC6315774 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by macrophages and leading to oxidative stress, have been implicated as mediators of demyelination and axonal injury in both MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the murine model of the disease. On the other hand, reduced ROS levels can increase susceptibility to autoimmunity. In this work, we screened for association with MS 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two microsatellite markers in the five genes (NCF1, NCF2, NCF4, CYBA, and CYBB) of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) system, the enzymatic pathway producing ROS in the brain and neural tissues, in 347 Finnish patients with MS and 714 unaffected family members. This analysis showed suggestive association signals for NCF1 and CYBB (lowest p = 0.038 and p = 0.013, respectively). Functional relevance for disease predisposition was further supported for the CYBB gene, by microarray analysis in CD4+/− mononuclear cells of 21 individuals from five Finnish multiplex MS families, as well as by real-time RT-PCRs performed on RNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an Italian replication cohort of 21 MS cases and 21 controls. Our results showed a sex-specific differential expression of CYBB, suggesting that this gene, and more in general the NOX2 system, deserve to be further investigated for their possible role in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cardamone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Janna Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Paraboschi EM, Cardamone G, Soldà G, Duga S, Asselta R. Interpreting Non-coding Genetic Variation in Multiple Sclerosis Genome-Wide Associated Regions. Front Genet 2018; 9:647. [PMID: 30619471 PMCID: PMC6304422 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disorder in young adults. Despite extensive studies, only a fraction of MS heritability has been explained, with association studies focusing primarily on protein-coding genes, essentially for the difficulty of interpreting non-coding features. However, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and functional elements, such as super-enhancers (SE), are crucial regulators of many pathways and cellular mechanisms, and they have been implicated in a growing number of diseases. In this work, we searched for possible enrichments in non-coding elements at MS genome-wide associated loci, with the aim to highlight their possible involvement in the susceptibility to the disease. We first reconstructed the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure of the Italian population using data of 727,478 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 1,668 healthy individuals. The genomic coordinates of the obtained LD blocks were intersected with those of the top hits identified in previously published MS genome-wide association studies (GWAS). By a bootstrapping approach, we hence demonstrated a striking enrichment of non-coding elements, especially of circular RNAs (circRNAs) mapping in the 73 LD blocks harboring MS-associated SNPs. In particular, we found a total of 482 circRNAs (annotated in publicly available databases) vs. a mean of 194 ± 65 in the random sets of LD blocks, using 1,000 iterations. As a proof of concept of a possible functional relevance of this observation, we experimentally verified that the expression levels of a circRNA derived from an MS-associated locus, i.e., hsa_circ_0043813 from the STAT3 gene, can be modulated by the three genotypes at the disease-associated SNP. Finally, by evaluating RNA-seq data of two cell lines, SH-SY5Y and Jurkat cells, representing tissues relevant for MS, we identified 18 (two novel) circRNAs derived from MS-associated genes. In conclusion, this work showed for the first time that MS-GWAS top hits map in LD blocks enriched in circRNAs, suggesting circRNAs as possible novel contributors to the disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Cardamone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nava G, Yang T, Vitali V, Minzioni P, Cristiani I, Bragheri F, Osellame R, Bethge L, Klussmann S, Paraboschi EM, Asselta R, Bellini T. Newtonian to non-newtonian fluid transition of a model transient network. Soft Matter 2018; 14:3288-3295. [PMID: 29691545 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00373d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The viscosity of gel-forming fluids is notoriously complex and its study can benefit from new model systems that enable a detailed control of the network features. Here we use a novel and simple microfluidic-based active microrheology approach to study the transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behavior in a DNA hydrogel whose structure, connectivity, density of bonds, bond energy and kinetics are strongly temperature dependent and well known. In a temperature range of 15 °C, the system reversibly and continuously transforms from a Newtonian dispersion of low-valence nanocolloids into a strongly shear-thinning fluid, passing through a set of intermediate states where it behaves as a power-law fluid. We demonstrate that the knowledge of network topology and bond free energy enables to quantitatively predict the observed behavior using established rheology models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Nava
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Paraboschi EM, Duga S, Asselta R. Fibrinogen as a Pleiotropic Protein Causing Human Diseases: The Mutational Burden of Aα, Bβ, and γ Chains. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122711. [PMID: 29240685 PMCID: PMC5751312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen is a highly pleiotropic protein that is involved in the final step of the coagulation cascade, wound healing, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Heterozygous mutations in Aα, Bβ, or γ fibrinogen-chain genes (FGA, FGB, FGG) have been described as being responsible for fibrinogen deficiencies (hypofibrinogenemia, hypo-dysfibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia) and for more rare conditions, such as fibrinogen storage disease and hereditary renal amyloidosis. Instead, biallelic mutations have been associated with afibrinogenemia/severe hypofibrinogenemia, i.e., the severest forms of fibrinogen deficiency, affecting approximately 1–2 cases per million people. However, the “true” prevalence for these conditions on a global scale is currently not available. Here, we defined the mutational burden of the FGA, FGB, and FGG genes, and estimated the prevalence of inherited fibrinogen disorders through a systematic analysis of exome/genome data from ~140,000 individuals belonging to the genome Aggregation Database. Our analysis showed that the world-wide prevalence for recessively-inherited fibrinogen deficiencies could be 10-fold higher than that reported so far (prevalence rates vary from 1 in 106 in East Asians to 24.5 in 106 in non-Finnish Europeans). The global prevalence for autosomal-dominant fibrinogen disorders was estimated to be ~11 in 1000 individuals, with heterozygous carriers present at a frequency varying from 3 every 1000 individuals in Finns, to 1–2 every 100 individuals among non-Finnish Europeans and Africans/African Americans. Our analysis also allowed for the identification of recurrent (i.e., FGG-p.Ala108Gly, FGG-Thr47Ile) or ethnic-specific mutations (e.g., FGB-p.Gly103Arg in Admixed Americans, FGG-p.Ser245Phe in Africans/African Americans).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rimoldi V, Paraboschi EM, Menegatti M, Peyvandi F, Salomon O, Duga S, Asselta R. Molecular investigation of 41 patients affected by coagulation factor XI deficiency. Haemophilia 2017; 24:e50-e55. [PMID: 29178608 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Rimoldi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - E M Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Menegatti
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - F Peyvandi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - O Salomon
- Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Duga
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - R Asselta
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cardamone G, Paraboschi EM, Rimoldi V, Duga S, Soldà G, Asselta R. The Characterization of GSDMB Splicing and Backsplicing Profiles Identifies Novel Isoforms and a Circular RNA That Are Dysregulated in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030576. [PMID: 28272342 PMCID: PMC5372592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in alternative splicing (AS) are emerging as recurrent features in autoimmune diseases (AIDs). In particular, a growing body of evidence suggests the existence of a pathogenic association between a generalized defect in splicing regulatory genes and multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, several studies have documented an unbalance in alternatively-spliced isoforms in MS patients possibly contributing to the disease etiology. In this work, using a combination of PCR-based techniques (reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR, fluorescent-competitive, real-time, and digital RT-PCR assays), we investigated the alternatively-spliced gene encoding Gasdermin B, GSDMB, which was repeatedly associated with susceptibility to asthma and AIDs. The in-depth characterization of GSDMB AS and backsplicing profiles led us to the identification of an exonic circular RNA (ecircRNA) as well as of novel GSDMB in-frame and out-of-frame isoforms. The non-productive splicing variants were shown to be downregulated by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) in human cell lines, suggesting that GSDMB levels are significantly modulated by NMD. Importantly, both AS isoforms and the identified ecircRNA were significantly dysregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of relapsing-remitting MS patients compared to controls, further supporting the notion that aberrant RNA metabolism is a characteristic feature of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cardamone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Paraboschi EM, Cardamone G, Rimoldi V, Duga S, Soldà G, Asselta R. miR-634 is a Pol III-dependent intronic microRNA regulating alternative-polyadenylated isoforms of its host gene PRKCA. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1046-1056. [PMID: 28212793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA) gene, coding for a Th17-cell-selective kinase, shows a complex splicing pattern, with at least 2 stable alternative transcripts characterized by an alternative upstream polyadenylation site. Polymorphisms in this gene were associated with several conditions, including multiple sclerosis, asthma, schizophrenia, and cancer. The presence of a microRNA (miRNA), i.e. miR-634, within intron 15 of the PRKCA gene, suggests the intriguing possibility that this miRNA might play a role in the susceptibility to these pathologies. METHODS Here, we characterized miR-634 expression profile and searched for its putative targets using a combination of RT-PCR and gene reporter assays. RESULTS The quantitative analysis of PRKCA and miR-634 transcripts in a panel of human tissues and cell lines revealed discordant expression profiles, suggesting the presence of an independent miR-634 promoter and/or a possible direct role of miR-634 in modulating PRKCA expression. Functional studies demonstrated the existence of a miRNA-specific promoter, which was shown to be Pol-III-dependent. Furthermore, transfection experiments showed that miR-634 is able to target its host gene by specifically down-regulating the shorter alternative-polyadenylated isoforms. CONCLUSIONS MiR-634 is a Pol III-dependent intronic miRNA, which could target its host gene through a "first-order" negative feedback. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE MiR-634 is one of the few characterized examples of Pol-III-dependent intronic miRNAs. Its independent transcription from the host gene suggests caution in using expression profiles of host genes as proxies for the expression of the corresponding intronic miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Cardamone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Paraboschi EM, Cardamone G, Rimoldi V, Gemmati D, Spreafico M, Duga S, Soldà G, Asselta R. Meta-Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Microarray Data Reveals Dysregulation in RNA Splicing Regulatory Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23463-81. [PMID: 26437396 PMCID: PMC4632709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in RNA metabolism and alternative splicing (AS) are emerging as important players in complex disease phenotypes. In particular, accumulating evidence suggests the existence of pathogenic links between multiple sclerosis (MS) and altered AS, including functional studies showing that an imbalance in alternatively-spliced isoforms may contribute to disease etiology. Here, we tested whether the altered expression of AS-related genes represents a MS-specific signature. A comprehensive comparative analysis of gene expression profiles of publicly-available microarray datasets (190 MS cases, 182 controls), followed by gene-ontology enrichment analysis, highlighted a significant enrichment for differentially-expressed genes involved in RNA metabolism/AS. In detail, a total of 17 genes were found to be differentially expressed in MS in multiple datasets, with CELF1 being dysregulated in five out of seven studies. We confirmed CELF1 downregulation in MS (p = 0.0015) by real-time RT-PCRs on RNA extracted from blood cells of 30 cases and 30 controls. As a proof of concept, we experimentally verified the unbalance in alternatively-spliced isoforms in MS of the NFAT5 gene, a putative CELF1 target. In conclusion, for the first time we provide evidence of a consistent dysregulation of splicing-related genes in MS and we discuss its possible implications in modulating specific AS events in MS susceptibility genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cardamone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Center Haemostasis & Thrombosis, Department of Medical Sciences, Corso Giovecca 203, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Marta Spreafico
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lecco, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Via dell'Eremo 9/11, Lecco 23900, Italy.
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nuzzo F, Paraboschi EM, Straniero L, Pavlova A, Duga S, Castoldi E. Identification of a novel large deletion in a patient with severe factor V deficiency using an in-house F5 MLPA assay. Haemophilia 2014; 21:140-7. [PMID: 25438872 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Factor V (FV) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by mutations in the F5 gene. FV-deficient patients in whom no mutation or only one mutation is found may harbour large gene rearrangements, which are not detected by conventional mutation screening strategies. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay for the detection of large deletions and duplications in the F5 gene. Twenty-two MLPA probes targeting 19 of the 25 exons and the upstream and downstream regions of the F5 gene were designed and tested in 10 normal controls, a patient with a known heterozygous deletion of F5 exons 1-7 (positive control) and 14 genetically unexplained FV-deficient patients. MLPA results were confirmed by digital PCR on a QuantStudio(™) 3D Digital PCR System. The F5-specific probes yielded a reproducible peak profile in normal controls, correctly detected the known deletion in the positive control and suggested the presence of a novel deletion of exons 9-10 in a patient with undetectable FV levels and only one identified mutation. Follow-up by chip-based digital PCR, long-range PCR and direct sequencing confirmed that this patient carried a heterozygous F5 deletion of 1823 bp extending from intron 8 to intron 10. Bioinformatics sequence analysis pinpointed repetitive elements that might have originated the deletion. In conclusion, we have developed and validated an MLPA assay for the detection of gross F5 gene rearrangements. This assay may represent a valuable tool for the molecular diagnosis of FV deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Nuzzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Biguzzi E, Franchi F, Acaia B, Ossola W, Nava U, Paraboschi EM, Asselta R, Peyvandi F. Genetic background and risk of postpartum haemorrhage: results from an Italian cohort of 3219 women. Haemophilia 2014; 20:e377-83. [PMID: 25333208 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality, particularly in the developing countries, and of severe maternal morbidity worldwide. To investigate the impact of genetic influences on postpartum haemorrhage, in association with maternal and intrapartum risk factors, using a candidate gene approach. All women (n = 6694) who underwent a vaginal delivery at the Obstetric Unit of a large University hospital in Milan (Italy) between July 2007 and September 2009 were enrolled. The first consecutive 3219 women entered the genetic study. Postpartum haemorrhage was defined as ≥500 mL blood loss. Eight functional polymorphisms in seven candidate genes were chosen because of their potential role in predisposing to or protecting from haemorrhagic conditions: tissue factor (F3), factor V (F5), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), platelet glycoprotein Ia/IIa (ITGA2), prothrombin (F2), platelet glycoproteins Ibα (GP1BA) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). After correction for the already known PPH risk factors, only the promoter polymorphism of the tissue factor gene (F3 -603A>G) showed a significant association with PPH, the G allele exerting a protective effect (P = 0.00053; OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69-0.90). The protective effect against PPH of the TF -603A>G polymorphism is biologically plausible since the G allele is associated with an increased protein expression and Tissue Factor is strongly represented in the placenta at term, particularly in decidual cells of maternal origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Biguzzi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Center, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mirandola L, Chiriva-Internati M, Montagna D, Locatelli F, Zecca M, Ranzani M, Basile A, Locati M, Cobos E, Kast WM, Asselta R, Paraboschi EM, Comi P, Chiaramonte R. Notch1 regulates chemotaxis and proliferation by controlling the CC-chemokine receptors 5 and 9 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Pathol 2011; 226:713-22. [PMID: 21984373 DOI: 10.1002/path.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumour cells often express deregulated profiles of chemokine receptors that regulate cancer cell migration and proliferation. Notch1 pathway activation is seen in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) due to the high frequency of Notch1 mutations affecting approximately 60% of patients, causing ligand-independent signalling and/or prolonging Notch1 half-life. We have investigated the possible regulative role of Notch1 on the expression and function of chemokine receptors CCR5, CCR9 and CXCR4 that play a role in determining blast malignant properties and localization of extramedullary infiltrations in leukaemia. We inhibited the pathway through γ-Secretase inhibitor and Notch1 RNA interference and analysed the effect on the expression and function of chemokine receptors. Our results indicate that γ-Secretase inhibitor negatively regulates the transcription level of the CC chemokine receptors 5 and 9 in T-ALL cell lines and patients' primary leukaemia cells, leaving CXCR4 expression unaltered. The Notch pathway also controls CCR5- and CCR9-mediated biological effects, ie chemotaxis and proliferation. Furthermore, engaging CCR9 through CCL25 administration rescues proliferation inhibition associated with abrogation of Notch activity. Finally, through RNA interference we demonstrated that the oncogenic isoform in T-ALL, Notch1, plays a role in controlling CCR5 and CCR9 expression and functions. These findings suggest that Notch1, acting in concert with chemokine receptors pathways, may provide leukaemia cells with proliferative advantage and specific chemotactic abilities, therefore influencing tumour cell progression and localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mirandola
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Paraboschi EM, Soldà G, Gemmati D, Orioli E, Zeri G, Benedetti MD, Salviati A, Barizzone N, Leone M, Duga S, Asselta R. Genetic association and altered gene expression of mir-155 in multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:8695-712. [PMID: 22272099 PMCID: PMC3257096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. As microRNA (miRNA)-dependent alterations in gene expression in hematopoietic cells are critical for mounting an appropriate immune response, miRNA deregulation may result in defects in immune tolerance. In this frame, we sought to explore the possible involvement of miRNAs in MS pathogenesis by monitoring the differential expression of 22 immunity-related miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients and healthy controls, by using a microbead-based technology. Three miRNAs resulted >2 folds up-regulated in MS vs controls, whereas none resulted down-regulated. Interestingly, the most up-regulated miRNA (mir-155; fold change = 3.30; P = 0.013) was previously reported to be up-regulated also in MS brain lesions. Mir-155 up-regulation was confirmed by qPCR experiments. The role of mir-155 in MS susceptibility was also investigated by genotyping four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping in the mir-155 genomic region. A haplotype of three SNPs, corresponding to a 12-kb region encompassing the last exon of BIC (the B-cell Integration Cluster non-coding RNA, from which mir-155 is processed), resulted associated with the disease status (P = 0.035; OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.05–1.77), suggesting that this locus strongly deserves further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per le Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia/Via Viotti 3/5, Milan 20133, Italy; E-Mails: (E.M.P.); (S.D.); (R.A.)
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per le Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia/Via Viotti 3/5, Milan 20133, Italy; E-Mails: (E.M.P.); (S.D.); (R.A.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-02-5031-5852; Fax: +39-02-5031-5864
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Hemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Hematology Section and Department Biomedical Sciences & Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy/Corso Giovecca 203, Ferrara 44121, Italy; E-Mails: (D.G.); (E.O.); (G.Z.)
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Hemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Hematology Section and Department Biomedical Sciences & Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy/Corso Giovecca 203, Ferrara 44121, Italy; E-Mails: (D.G.); (E.O.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giulia Zeri
- Hemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Hematology Section and Department Biomedical Sciences & Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy/Corso Giovecca 203, Ferrara 44121, Italy; E-Mails: (D.G.); (E.O.); (G.Z.)
| | - Maria Donata Benedetti
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. Rossi, University of Verona, Verona, Italy/Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy; E-Mails: (M.D.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Salviati
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Policlinico G. Rossi, University of Verona, Verona, Italy/Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy; E-Mails: (M.D.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Nadia Barizzone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy/Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy; E-Mail:
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy/Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy; E-Mail: (M.L.)
| | - Maurizio Leone
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy/Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy; E-Mail: (M.L.)
- Department of Neurology, A.O.U. Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy/Corso Mazzini 18, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per le Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia/Via Viotti 3/5, Milan 20133, Italy; E-Mails: (E.M.P.); (S.D.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per le Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia/Via Viotti 3/5, Milan 20133, Italy; E-Mails: (E.M.P.); (S.D.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Paraboschi EM, Kayiran SM, Özbek N, Gürakan B, Peyvandi F, Guella I, Duga S, Asselta R. Functional characterization of a novel missense mutation identified in a Turkish patient affected by severe coagulation factor V deficiency. Haemophilia 2011; 18:205-10. [PMID: 21777354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2011.02621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Factor V (FV) deficiency is a rare coagulation disorder, characterized by a bleeding phenotype varying from mild to severe. To date, 115 mutations have been described along the gene encoding for FV (F5) but only few of them have been functionally characterized. Aim of this study was the identification and the molecular characterization of genetic defects underlying severe FV deficiency in a 7-month-old Turkish patient. Mutation detection was performed by sequencing the whole F5 coding region, exon-intron boundaries and about 300 bp of the promoter region. Functional analysis of the identified missense mutation was conducted by transient expression of wild-type and mutant FV recombinant molecules in COS-1 cells. Two novel mutations: a missense (Pro132Arg) and a 1-bp deletion (Ile1890TyrfsX19) were identified in the F5 gene. While the frameshift mutation is responsible for the introduction of a premature stop codon, likely triggering F5 mRNA to nonsense-mediated mRNA degradation, the demonstration of the pathogenic role of the Pro132Arg mutation required an experimental validation. Expression experiments showed that the missense mutation causes a significant reduction in FV secretion and in the specific activity of the residual secreted molecule (77% and 78% decrease, respectively). This paper reports the identification of two novel mutations responsible for FV deficiency, thus widening the mutational spectrum of the F5 gene. The Pro132Arg mutation adds to the only other two functionally characterized missense defects in the FV A1 domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Paraboschi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guella I, Paraboschi EM, van Schalkwyk WA, Asselta R, Duga S. Identification of the first Alu-mediated large deletion involving the F5 gene in a compound heterozygous patient with severe factor V deficiency. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106:296-303. [PMID: 21614419 DOI: 10.1160/th11-03-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Factor V (FV) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive haemorrhagic disorder associated with moderate to severe bleeding symptoms. Conventional mutational screening leads to a complete molecular genetic diagnosis only in about 80-90% of cases. Large gene rearrangements, which could explain at least part of the "missing alleles" have not been reported so far in FV-deficient patients. In this work, we investigated a family with hereditary FV deficiency, in which the proband is compound heterozygous for a 205-Kb deletion, involving the first seven exons of F5 , and the entire selectin P, L, and E genes, and for a novel splicing mutation (IVS12+5G>A). The deletion breakpoints, determined by using a combination of semi-quantitative real-time PCR and long PCR assays, occurred within AluY repeat sequences, suggesting an Alu-mediated unequal homologous recombination as the mechanism responsible for the deletion. The in vitro characterisation of the IVS12+5G>A mutation demonstrated that this mutation causes the skipping of exon 12 and the activation of a cryptic splice site. Low levels of residual wild-type splicing were also detectable, in agreement with the notion that the complete absence of FV may be not compatible with life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guella
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|