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Lu H, Zhang G, Mao J, Chen X, Zhan Y, Lin L, Zhang T, Tang Y, Lin F, Zhu F, Lin Y, Zeng Y, Zhang K, Yuan W, Liang Z, Sun R, Huo L, Hu P, Lin Y, Zhuang X, Wei Z, Chen X, Yan W, Yan X, Mu L, Lin Z, Tu X, Tan H, Huang F, Hu Z, Li H, Li G, Fu H, Yang Z, Chen X, Wang FS, Zhong N. Efficacy and safety of GST-HG171 in adult patients with mild to moderate COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 71:102582. [PMID: 38618202 PMCID: PMC11015484 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background GST-HG171 is a potent, broad-spectrum, orally bioavailable small-molecule 3C like protease inhibitor that has demonstrated greater potency and efficacy compared to Nirmatrelvir in pre-clinical studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected with emerging XBB and non-XBB variants. Methods This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial was conducted in 47 sites in China among adult patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 with symptoms onset ≤72 h. Eligible patients were randomised 1:1 to receive GST-HG171 (150 mg) plus Ritonavir (100 mg) or corresponding placebo tablets twice daily for 5 days, with stratification factors including the risk level of disease progression and vaccination status. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to sustained recovery of clinical symptoms within 28 days, defined as a score of 0 for 11 COVID-19-related target symptoms for 2 consecutive days, assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05656443) and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200067088). Findings Between Dec 19, 2022, and May 4, 2023, 1525 patients were screened. Among 1246 patients who underwent randomisation, most completed basic (21.2%) or booster (74.9%) COVID-19 immunization, and most had a low risk of disease progression at baseline. 610 of 617 who received GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir and 603 of 610 who received placebo were included in the mITT population. Patients who received GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir showed shortened median time to sustained recovery of clinical symptoms compared to the placebo group (13.0 days [95.45% confidence interval 12.0-15.0] vs. 15.0 days [14.0-15.0], P = 0.031). Consistent results were observed in both SARS-CoV-2 XBB (45.7%, 481/1053 of mITT population) and non-XBB variants (54.3%, 572/1053 of mITT population) subgroups. Incidence of adverse events was similar in the GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir (320/617, 51.9%) and placebo group (298/610, 48.9%). The most common adverse events in both placebo and treatment groups were hypertriglyceridaemia (10.0% vs. 14.7%). No deaths occurred. Interpretation Treatment with GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir has demonstrated benefits in symptom recovery and viral clearance among low-risk vaccinated adult patients with COVID-19, without apparent safety concerns. As most patients were treated within 2 days after symptom onset in our study, confirming the potential benefits of symptom recovery for patients with a longer duration between symptom onset and treatment initiation will require real-world studies. Funding Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Lu
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - George Zhang
- Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - John Mao
- Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yangqing Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Sanya Central Hospital (The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province), Sanya, China
| | | | - Yanan Tang
- Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | | | - Yuanlong Lin
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Fujian Medical University 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenfang Yuan
- Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenyu Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liya Huo
- Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Peng Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihua Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | | | | | - Wenhao Yan
- Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuping Yan
- Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Hongshan Tan
- Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhu Huang
- Fujian Cosunter Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Fujian Cosunter Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongming Li
- Fujian Cosunter Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Fujian Cosunter Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, China
| | - Haijun Fu
- Shanghai Zenith Medical Research Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao F, Lu H. Renal safety of tenofovir alafenamide-based antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV: A mini-review. Biosci Trends 2024:2024.01062. [PMID: 38658364 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2024.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly enhanced the outlook for people with HIV(PWH), yet certain ART medications can adversely affect the renal function of these patients. Of particular concern is the nephrotoxicity associated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Compared to TDF, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), another prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), results in lower TFV plasma levels, thereby alleviating the TFV-associated mitochondrial toxicity on proximal renal tubular cells. Currently, numerous clinical trials and real-world studies have demonstrated the favorable renal safety profile of ART regimens incorporating TAF for PWH. This paper seeks to consolidate the available evidence regarding the renal safety of TAF-based regimens in PWH, encompassing both the general PWH and those with renal impairment or predisposing factors, in order to offer recommendations and insights for TAF clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Tan D, Kang N, Zhu Y, Hou J, Wang H, Xu H, Zu C, Gao Z, Liu M, Liu N, Deng Q, Lu H, Liu J, Xie Y. Construction and efficacy testing of DNA vaccines containing HLA-A*02:01-restricted SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes predicted by immunoinformatics. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38655616 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines play essential roles in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The development and assessment of COVID-19 vaccines have generally focused on the induction and boosting of neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Due to rapid and continuous variation in the S protein, such vaccines need to be regularly updated to match newly emerged dominant variants. T-cell vaccines that target MHC I- or II-restricted epitopes in both structural and non-structural viral proteins have the potential to induce broadly cross-protective and long-lasting responses. In this work, the entire proteome encoded by SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-hu-1) is subjected to immunoinformatics-based prediction of HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes. The immunogenicity of the predicted epitopes is evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from convalescent Wuhan-hu-1-infected patients. Furthermore, predicted epitopes that are conserved across major SARS-CoV-2 lineages and variants are used to construct DNA vaccines expressing multi-epitope polypeptides. Most importantly, two DNA vaccine constructs induce epitope-specific CD8 + T-cell responses in a mouse model of HLA-A*02:01 restriction and protect immunized mice from challenge with Wuhan-hu-1 virus after hACE2 transduction. These data provide candidate T-cell epitopes useful for the development of T-cell vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate a strategy for quick T-cell vaccine candidate development applicable to other emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huijun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Zu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zixiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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Wu L, Fu X, Pütz B, Zhang R, Liu L, Song W, Weng L, Shao Y, Zheng Z, Xun J, Han X, Wang T, Shen Y, Lu H, Müller-Myhsok B, Chen J. Comprehensive risk factor predictions for 3-year survival among HIV-associated and disseminated cryptococcosis involving lungs and central nervous system. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02237-6. [PMID: 38613657 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global mortality rate resulting from HIV-associated cryptococcal disease is remarkably elevated, particularly in severe cases with dissemination to the lungs and central nervous system (CNS). Regrettably, there is a dearth of predictive analysis regarding long-term survival, and few studies have conducted longitudinal follow-up assessments for comparing anti-HIV and antifungal treatments. METHODS A cohort of 83 patients with HIV-related disseminated cryptococcosis involving the lung and CNS was studied for 3 years to examine survival. Comparative analysis of clinical and immunological parameters was performed between deceased and surviving individuals. Subsequently, multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to validate mortality predictions at 12, 24, and 36 months. RESULTS Observed plasma cytokine levels before treatment were significantly lower for IL-1RA (p < 0.001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.05) when in the survivor group. Incorporating plasma levels of IL-1RA, IL-6, and high-risk CURB-65 score demonstrated the highest area under curve (AUC) value (0.96) for predicting 1-year mortality. For 1-, 2- and 3-year predictions, the single-factor model with IL-1RA demonstrated superior performance compared to all multiple-variate models (AUC = 0.95/0.78/0.78). CONCLUSIONS IL-1RA is a biomarker for predicting 3-year survival. Further investigations to explore the pathogenetic role of IL-1RA in HIV-associated disseminated cryptococcosis and as a potential therapeutic target are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Fu
- Research Group Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Research Group Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Weng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yueming Shao
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihang Zheng
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingna Xun
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximei Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Nursing Research Institution, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Research Group Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Faksova K, Walsh D, Jiang Y, Griffin J, Phillips A, Gentile A, Kwong JC, Macartney K, Naus M, Grange Z, Escolano S, Sepulveda G, Shetty A, Pillsbury A, Sullivan C, Naveed Z, Janjua NZ, Giglio N, Perälä J, Nasreen S, Gidding H, Hovi P, Vo T, Cui F, Deng L, Cullen L, Artama M, Lu H, Clothier HJ, Batty K, Paynter J, Petousis-Harris H, Buttery J, Black S, Hviid A. COVID-19 vaccines and adverse events of special interest: A multinational Global Vaccine Data Network (GVDN) cohort study of 99 million vaccinated individuals. Vaccine 2024; 42:2200-2211. [PMID: 38350768 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global COVID Vaccine Safety (GCoVS) Project, established in 2021 under the multinational Global Vaccine Data Network™ (GVDN®), facilitates comprehensive assessment of vaccine safety. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of adverse events of special interest (AESI) following COVID-19 vaccination from 10 sites across eight countries. METHODS Using a common protocol, this observational cohort study compared observed with expected rates of 13 selected AESI across neurological, haematological, and cardiac outcomes. Expected rates were obtained by participating sites using pre-COVID-19 vaccination healthcare data stratified by age and sex. Observed rates were reported from the same healthcare datasets since COVID-19 vaccination program rollout. AESI occurring up to 42 days following vaccination with mRNA (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) and adenovirus-vector (ChAdOx1) vaccines were included in the primary analysis. Risks were assessed using observed versus expected (OE) ratios with 95 % confidence intervals. Prioritised potential safety signals were those with lower bound of the 95 % confidence interval (LBCI) greater than 1.5. RESULTS Participants included 99,068,901 vaccinated individuals. In total, 183,559,462 doses of BNT162b2, 36,178,442 doses of mRNA-1273, and 23,093,399 doses of ChAdOx1 were administered across participating sites in the study period. Risk periods following homologous vaccination schedules contributed 23,168,335 person-years of follow-up. OE ratios with LBCI > 1.5 were observed for Guillain-Barré syndrome (2.49, 95 % CI: 2.15, 2.87) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (3.23, 95 % CI: 2.51, 4.09) following the first dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis showed an OE ratio of 3.78 (95 % CI: 1.52, 7.78) following the first dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine. The OE ratios for myocarditis and pericarditis following BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 were significantly increased with LBCIs > 1.5. CONCLUSION This multi-country analysis confirmed pre-established safety signals for myocarditis, pericarditis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Other potential safety signals that require further investigation were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Faksova
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - D Walsh
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Global Vaccine Data Network, Global Coordinating Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Global Vaccine Data Network, Global Coordinating Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Griffin
- Global Vaccine Data Network, Global Coordinating Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Phillips
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Gentile
- Department of Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children Hospital, Buenos Aires University, Argentina
| | - J C Kwong
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine and the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Macartney
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - M Naus
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Z Grange
- Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - S Escolano
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, High Dimensional Biostatistics for Drug Safety and Genomics, Villejuif, France
| | - G Sepulveda
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Shetty
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Pillsbury
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Sullivan
- Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Z Naveed
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Z Janjua
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Giglio
- Department of Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children Hospital, Buenos Aires University, Argentina
| | - J Perälä
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Nasreen
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - H Gidding
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - P Hovi
- Department of Public Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Vo
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - F Cui
- School of Public Health, Peking University, China
| | - L Deng
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Cullen
- Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - M Artama
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - H Lu
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Global Vaccine Data Network, Global Coordinating Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - H J Clothier
- Global Vaccine Data Network, Global Coordinating Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Batty
- Auckland UniServices Limited at University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Paynter
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - H Petousis-Harris
- Global Vaccine Data Network, Global Coordinating Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Buttery
- Global Vaccine Data Network, Global Coordinating Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Black
- Global Vaccine Data Network, Global Coordinating Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Hviid
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wu Y, Xu W, Lu H, Liu L, Liu S, Yang W. Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of salivary gland myoepithelial carcinoma: institutional experience of 42 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 53:268-274. [PMID: 37591716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Myoepithelial carcinoma (MECA) is a rare type of carcinoma for which the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors have not yet been fully clarified. A retrospective study of 42 patients diagnosed with salivary gland MECA was performed, focusing on the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors. Of the 42 patients, 20 died of cancer, 20 lived without tumour, one lived with distant metastasis, and one was lost to follow-up. Overall, 69.0% had tumour recurrence, 16.7% had cervical nodal metastasis, and 21.4% had distant metastasis. The 5-year overall survival rate was 70.2%. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with pathological positive lymph nodes (pN+), multiple recurrences of tumour, and higher histological grade had worse overall survival. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated pN+ and higher histological grade to be independent predictors of decreased survival. The 5-year overall survival rate in the pN0 group was 87.5%, while that in the pN+ group was 28.6%. In conclusion, myoepithelial carcinoma can be defined as a tumour with a high incidence of recurrence and poor prognosis, especially in pN+ patients. Pathological positive lymph nodes and histological grade may serve as predictors of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - W Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - H Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - L Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - S Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - W Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Ou G, Yang Y, Zhang S, Niu S, Cai Q, Liu Y, Lu H. Evolving immune evasion and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2: The emergence of JN.1 variant and its global impact. Drug Discov Ther 2024; 18:67-70. [PMID: 38382991 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants constitutes a significant impediment to the public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated the SARS-CoV-2 variant JN.1, which has evolved from its progenitor BA.2.86, as a Variant of Interest (VOI) in light of its enhanced immune evasion and transmissibility. The proliferating dissemination of JN.1 globally accentuates its competitive superiority and the potential to instigate fresh surges of infection, notably among cohorts previously infected by antecedent variants. Notably, prevailing evidence does not corroborate an increase in pathogenicity associated with JN.1, and antiviral agents retain their antiviral activity against both BA.2.86 and JN.1. The sustained effectiveness of antiviral agents offers a beacon of hope. Nonetheless, the variant's adeptness at eluding the immunoprotective effects conferred by extant vaccines highlights the imperative for the development of more effective vaccines and therapeutic approaches. Overall, the distinct evolutionary trajectories of BA.2.86 and JN.1 underscore the necessity for ongoing surveillance and scholarly inquiry to elucidate their implications for the pandemic's evolution, which requires the international communities to foster collaboration through the sharing of data, exchange of insights, and collective scientific endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyong Ou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyu Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingxian Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Feng Q, Zhang G, Chen L, Wu H, Yang Y, Gao Q, Asakawa T, Zhao Y, Lu S, Zhou L, Lu H. Roadmap for ending TB in China by 2035: The challenges and strategies. Biosci Trends 2024; 18:11-20. [PMID: 38325824 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, taking the lives of over a million people annually. In addition to being a serious health issue, TB is also closely linked to eradicating poverty according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). All UN members have committed to ending the TB epidemic by 2030. China has one of the highest TB loads worldwide, ranking third in the world on many TB burden indices. The national strategy for TB control is aimed at creating a collaborative network and integrating TB treatment into the medical system. According to the WHO's global TB report, China is expected to have 748,000 new cases of TB in 2022 and an incidence of 52 cases per 100,000 people. Ending TB remains a huge challenge and requires comprehensive control strategies in China. In this work, we have discussed the challenges of TB prevention and control in China and proposed specific measures to end TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huizhong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Tuberculosis Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzhou Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuihua Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Huang D, Yu D, Zeng Y, Song X, Pan L, He J, Ren L, Yang J, Lu H, Wang W. Generalized Camera-Based Infant Sleep-Wake Monitoring in NICUs: A Multi-Center Clinical Trial. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2024; PP:1-14. [PMID: 38446652 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2024.3371687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The infant sleep-wake behavior is an essential indicator of physiological and neurological system maturity, the circadian transition of which is important for evaluating the recovery of preterm infants from inadequate physiological function and cognitive disorders. Recently, camera-based infant sleep-wake monitoring has been investigated, but the challenges of generalization caused by variance in infants and clinical environments are not addressed for this application. In this paper, we conducted a multi-center clinical trial at four hospitals to improve the generalization of camera-based infant sleep-wake monitoring. Using the face videos of 64 term and 39 preterm infants recorded in NICUs, we proposed a novel sleep-wake classification strategy, called consistent deep representation constraint (CDRC), that forces the convolutional neural network (CNN) to make consistent predictions for the samples from different conditions but with the same label, to address the variances caused by infants and environments. The clinical validation shows that by using CDRC, all CNN backbones obtain over 85% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in both the cross-age and cross-environment experiments, improving the ones without CDRC by almost 15% in all metrics. This demonstrates that by improving the consistency of the deep representation of samples with the same state, we can significantly improve the generalization of infant sleep-wake classification. Our code and model are available at https://github.com/contactless-healthcare/Camera-based-Infant-Sleep-Wake-Monitoring.
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang Q, Li X, Lin F, Qiu J, Chen D, Shen Y, Zhang C, Lu H. The profile of HIV-1 drug resistance in Shanghai, China: a retrospective study from 2017 to 2021. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:526-530. [PMID: 38300833 PMCID: PMC10904715 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 drug resistance is a huge challenge in the era of ART. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of acquired HIV-1 drug resistance (ADR) in Shanghai, China. METHODS An epidemiological study was performed among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) receiving ART in Shanghai from January 2017 to December 2021. A total of 8669 PLWH were tested for drug resistance by genotypic resistance testing. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were identified using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database program. RESULTS Ten HIV-1 subtypes/circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) were identified, mainly including CRF01_AE (46.8%), CRF07_BC (35.7%), B (6.4%), CRF55_01B (2.8%) and CRF08_BC (2.4%). The prevalence of ADR was 48% (389/811). Three NRTI-associated mutations (M184V/I/L, S68G/N/R and K65R/N) and four NNRTI-associated mutations (V179D/E/T/L, K103N/R/S/T, V106M/I/A and G190A/S/T/C/D/E/Q) were the most common DRMs. These DRMs caused high-level resistance to lamivudine, emtricitabine, efavirenz and nevirapine. The DRM profiles appeared to be significantly different among different subtypes. CONCLUSIONS We revealed HIV-1 subtype characteristics and the DRM profile in Shanghai, which provide crucial guidance for clinical treatment and management of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qianying Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jianping Qiu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Daihong Chen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong, China
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Di W, Zhao A, Li X, Chen J, Dai Y, Li J, Lei W, Yang Y, Lu H. Pterostilbene protects against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress by regulating GAS6/Axl signaling in HL-1 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3956. [PMID: 38403920 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTE, trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene), a natural plant polyphenol, possesses numerous pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, and neuroprotective aspects. This study aims to investigate whether PTE plays a protective role against oxidative stress injury by GAS6/Axl signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative stress HL-1 cells were used as models. The mechanism by which PTE protected oxidative stress is investigated by combining cell viability, cell ROS levels, apoptosis assay, molecular docking, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot analysis. GAS6 shRNA was performed to investigate the involvement of GAS6/Axl pathways in PTE's protective role. The results showed that PTE treatment improved the cell morphology and viability, and inhibited the apoptosis rate and ROS levels in H2 O2 -injured HL-1 cells. Particularly, PTE treatment upregulated the levels of GAS6, Axl, and markers related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function related. Molecular docking showed that PTE and GAS6 have good binding ability. Taken together, PTE plays a protective role against oxidative stress injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis and improving mitochondrial function. Particularly, GAS6/Axl axis is the surprisingly prominent in the PTE-mediated pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aizhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yongbin Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Niemczak CE, Zhan Y, Ren J, Song F, Lu H, Chen G, Fellows AM, Gui J, Soli SD, Buckey JC, Shi Y. A Central Auditory Test reveals differences between drug treatment regimens in adults living with HIV. Int J Audiol 2024; 63:207-212. [PMID: 36662150 PMCID: PMC10356905 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2023.2168217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This exploratory study examined whether central auditory tests show differences between people living with HIV (PLWH) treated with two predominant antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) regimens. DESIGN Cross-sectional. STUDY SAMPLE 253 PLWH (mean age 39.8 years) from the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre, China. METHODS The Hearing in Noise Test speech reception threshold (SRT) assessed central auditory function and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) assessed cognition. The relationship between ART regimen and SRT was evaluated with multivariable linear regression incorporating age, HIV duration, and peripheral hearing ability. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain if SRT and ART regimen predicted MoCA impairment. RESULTS The two predominant ART regimens differed by one drug (zidovudine or tenofovir). Participants taking the zidovudine-containing regimen had poorer SRT performance (p=.012) independent of age and hearing thresholds. MoCA scores did not differ between drug regimens, but a negative relationship was found between SRT and MoCA impairment (p=.048). CONCLUSIONS ART regimens differed in their association with central auditory test performance likely reflecting neurocognitive changes in PLWH taking the zidovudine-containing regimen. Central auditory test performance also marginally predicted cognitive impairment, supporting further assessment of central auditory tests to detect neurocognitive deficits in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Niemczak
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Yi Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junkun Ren
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Fengxiang Song
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guochao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abigail M Fellows
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jiang Gui
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sigfrid D Soli
- School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jay C Buckey
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu L, Yu D, Lu H, Shan C, Wang W. Camera-based Seismocardiogram for Heart Rate Variability Monitoring. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2024; PP:1-12. [PMID: 38412075 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2024.3370394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a crucial metric that quantifies the variation between consecutive heartbeats, serving as a significant indicator of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. It has found widespread applications in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we proposed an optical model for defocused speckle imaging, to simultaneously incorporate out-of-plane translation and rotation-induced motion for highly-sensitive non-contact seismocardiogram (SCG) measurement. Using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals as the gold standard, we evaluated the performance of photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals and speckle-based SCG signals in assessing HRV. The results indicated that the HRV parameters measured from SCG signals extracted from laser speckle videos showed higher consistency with the results obtained from the ECG signals compared to PPG signals. Additionally, we confirmed that even when clothing obstructed the measurement site, the efficacy of SCG signals extracted from the motion of laser speckle patterns persisted in assessing the HRV levels. This demonstrates the robustness of camera-based non-contact SCG in monitoring HRV, highlighting its potential as a reliable, non-contact alternative to traditional contact-PPG sensors.
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14
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Yang X, Zheng X, Zhu Y, Zhao X, Liu J, Xun J, Yuan S, Chen J, Pan H, Yang J, Wang J, Liang Z, Shen X, Liang Y, Lin Q, Liang H, Li M, Peng F, Lu D, Xu J, Lu H, Jiang S, Zhao P, Zhu H. Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 promotes SARS-CoV-2 infection of human normal hepatocytes. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:42. [PMID: 38355848 PMCID: PMC10866945 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes multi-organ damage, which includes hepatic dysfunction, as observed in over 50% of COVID-19 patients. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2 (ACE2) is the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, and studies have shown the presence of intracellular virus particles in human hepatocytes that express ACE2, but at extremely low levels. Consequently, we asked if hepatocytes might express receptors other than ACE2 capable of promoting the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells. To address this question, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 activation library screening and found that Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) promoted SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection of HeLa cells. In Huh-7 cells, simultaneous knockout of ACE2 and ASGR1 prevented SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection. In the immortalized THLE-2 hepatocyte cell line and primary hepatic parenchymal cells, both of which barely expressed ACE2, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus could successfully establish an infection. However, after treatment with ASGR1 antibody or siRNA targeting ASGR1, the infection rate significantly dropped, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infects hepatic parenchymal cells mainly through an ASGR1-dependent mechanism. We confirmed that ASGR1 could interact with Spike protein, which depends on receptor binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain (NTD). Finally, we also used Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to verify that SARS-CoV-2 could infect primary hepatic parenchymal cells. After inhibiting ASGR1 in primary hepatic parenchymal cells by siRNA, the infection efficiency of the live virus decreased significantly. Collectively, these findings indicate that ASGR1 is a candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 that promotes infection of hepatic parenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangna Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songhua Yuan
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huitong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Nursing Research Institution, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Huanzhang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Mao L, Shaabani N, Zhang X, Jin C, Xu W, Argent C, Kushnareva Y, Powers C, Stegman K, Liu J, Xie H, Xu C, Bao Y, Xu L, Zhang Y, Yang H, Qian S, Hu Y, Shao J, Zhang C, Li T, Li Y, Liu N, Lin Z, Wang S, Wang C, Shen W, Lin Y, Shu D, Zhu Z, Kotoi O, Kerwin L, Han Q, Chumakova L, Teijaro J, Royal M, Brunswick M, Allen R, Ji H, Lu H, Xu X. Olgotrelvir, a dual inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 M pro and cathepsin L, as a standalone antiviral oral intervention candidate for COVID-19. Med 2024; 5:169-171. [PMID: 38340710 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
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Fan X, Dai X, Ling Y, Wu L, Tang L, Peng C, Huang C, Liu H, Lu H, Shen X, Zhang W, Wang F, Li G, Li M, Huang Y, Zhang H, Li M, Ren F, Li Y, Liu C, Zhou Z, Sun W, Yi Y, Zhou D, Gao H, Pan Q, Liu H, Zhao J, Ding Z, Ma Y, Li W, Wang Q, Wang X, Bai Y, Jiang X, Ma J, Xie B, Zhang K, Li L. Oral VV116 versus placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in China: a multicentre, double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled study. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:129-139. [PMID: 38006892 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spread of SARS-CoV-2 led to a global pandemic, and there remains unmet medical needs in the treatment of Omicron infections. VV116, an oral antiviral agent that has potent activity against SARS-CoV-2, was compared with a placebo in this phase 3 study to investigate its efficacy and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. METHODS This multicentre, double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled study enrolled adults in hospitals for infectious diseases and tertiary general hospitals in China. Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using permuted block randomisation to receive oral VV116 (0·6 g every 12 h on day 1 and 0·3 g every 12 h on days 2-5) or oral placebo (on the same schedule as VV116) for 5 days. Randomisation stratification factors included SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status and the presence of high-risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. Inclusion criteria were a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, an initial onset of COVID-19 symptoms 3 days or less before the first study dose, and a score of 2 or more for any target COVID-19-related symptoms in the 24 h before the first dose. Patients who had severe or critical COVID-19 or who had taken any antiviral drugs were excluded from the study. The primary endpoint was the time to clinical symptom resolution for 2 consecutive days. Efficacy analyses were performed on a modified intention-to-treat population, comprising all patients who received at least one dose of VV116 or placebo, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, and did not test positive for influenza virus before the first dose. Safety analyses were done on all participants who received at least one dose of VV116 or placebo. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05582629, and has been completed. FINDINGS A total of 1369 patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups and 1347 received either VV116 (n=674) or placebo (n=673). At the interim analysis, VV116 was superior to placebo in reducing the time to sustained clinical symptom resolution among 1229 patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1·21, 95% CI 1·04-1·40; p=0·0023). At the final analysis, a substantial reduction in time to sustained clinical symptom resolution was observed for VV116 compared with placebo among 1296 patients (HR 1·17, 95% CI 1·04-1·33; p=0·0009), consistent with the interim analysis. The incidence of adverse events was similar between groups (242 [35·9%] of 674 patients vs 283 [42·1%] of 673 patients). INTERPRETATION Among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, VV116 significantly reduced the time to sustained clinical symptom resolution compared with placebo, with no observed safety concerns. FUNDING Shanghai Vinnerna Biosciences, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, and the National Key Research and Development Program of China. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiahong Dai
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wu
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lingling Tang
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Chaolin Huang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinghua Shen
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Furong Wang
- The Fourth Hospital in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guangming Li
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Tonghua Central Hospital, Tonghua, China
| | | | | | - Minghui Li
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenfan Liu
- Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Sun
- People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Daming Zhou
- Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Hainv Gao
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongde Liu
- Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Binhu Hospital of Hefei City, Hefei, China
| | - Yingmin Ma
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Quanhong Wang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yichun Bai
- Guang'an People's Hospital, Guang'an, China
| | | | - Juan Ma
- Shanghai Junshi Bioscience, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Kui Zhang
- Shanghai Junshi Bioscience, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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17
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Zhou HB, Feng LJ, Weng XH, Wang T, Lu H, Bian YB, Huang ZY, Zhang JL. Inhibition mechanism of cordycepin and ergosterol from Cordyceps militaris Link. against xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase-2. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128898. [PMID: 38141695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris Link. (C. militaris) is an entomopathogenic fungus that parasitizes the pupa or cocoon of lepidopteran insect larvae, with various bioactive compounds. Cordycepin and ergosterol are the two active components in C. militaris. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of cordycepin and ergosterol against xanthine oxidase (XO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as investigate the inhibition mechanism. Cordycepin could better inhibit XO (IC50 = 0.014 mg/mL) and COX-2 (IC50 = 0.055 mg/mL) than ergosterol. Additionally, surface hydrophobicity and circular dichroism (CD) spectra results confirmed the conformational changes in enzymes induced by cordycepin and ergosterol. Finally, cordycepin and ergosterol significantly decreased uric acid (UA) and inflammatory factors to normal level in mice with gouty nephropathy (GN). This study could provide theoretical evidence for utilization of C. militaris in hyperuricemia-management functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - L J Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - X H Weng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - T Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - H Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Y B Bian
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Wuhan HUAYU XINMEI Mushroom industry Company Limited, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Z Y Huang
- Wuhan HUAYU XINMEI Mushroom industry Company Limited, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - J L Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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18
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Zhao P, Song S, He Z, Dai G, Liu D, Shen J, Asakawa T, Zheng M, Lu H. Development of a novel cholesterol tag-based system for trans-membrane transport of protein drugs. Biosci Trends 2024; 17:503-507. [PMID: 38072446 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The main technological difficulties of developing an intracellular (transmembrane) transport system for protein drugs lie in two points: i) overcoming the barriers in the cellular membrane, and ii) loading enough protein drugs, and particularly high-dose proteins, into particles. To address these two technological problems, we recently developed a novel cholesterol tag (C-Tag)-based transmembrane transport system. This pilot study found that the C-Tag dramatically improved the cellular uptake of Fab (902-fold, vs. Fab alone) into living cells, indicating that it successfully achieved transmembrane transport. Moreover, C-Tag-mediated membrane transport was verified using micron-scale large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs, approximately 1.5 μm)-based particles. The C-Tagged Fab was able to permeate the liposomal bilayer and it greatly enhanced (a 10.1-fold increase vs. Fab alone) internalization of proteins into the LUV-based particles, indicating that the C-Tag loaded enough proteins into particles for use of high-dose proteins. Accordingly, we established a novel C-Tag-based transport system that has overcome the known technological difficulties of protein transmembrane delivery, and this might be a useful technology for drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Hepatology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Song
- Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuojun He
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Hepatology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiqin Dai
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Hepatology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Hepatology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayin Shen
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Hepatology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingbin Zheng
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Hepatology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Hepatology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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19
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Li T, Chu C, Wei B, Lu H. Immunity debt: Hospitals need to be prepared in advance for multiple respiratory diseases that tend to co-occur. Biosci Trends 2024; 17:499-502. [PMID: 38072445 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 transitions from a pandemic to an endemic presence, a significant rise in respiratory diseases such as influenza and Mycoplasma pneumonia is challenging healthcare systems weakened by the impact of COVID-19. This commentary examines the global resurgence of respiratory pathogens, heightened by the post-pandemic "immunity debt", through an analysis of WHO surveillance data and national health reports. Findings reveal a substantial increase in respiratory illnesses, notably among children, compounded by a shortage of pediatricians and growing antimicrobial resistance. This underscores the need to improve hospital preparedness, optimize clinical responses, and enhance public health strategies to effectively navigate the impending peak of concurrent respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Biying Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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20
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Liu PY, Zhang B, Niu R, Lu SL, Huang C, Wang M, Tian F, Mao Y, Li T, Burr PA, Lu H, Guo A, Yen HW, Cairney JM, Chen H, Chen YS. Engineering metal-carbide hydrogen traps in steels. Nat Commun 2024; 15:724. [PMID: 38267467 PMCID: PMC10808193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen embrittlement reduces the durability of the structural steels required for the hydrogen economy. Understanding how hydrogen interacts with the materials plays a crucial role in managing the embrittlement problems. Theoretical models have indicated that carbon vacancies in metal carbide precipitates are effective hydrogen traps in steels. Increasing the number of carbon vacancies in individual metal carbides is important since the overall hydrogen trapping capacity can be leveraged by introducing abundant metal carbides in steels. To verify this concept, we compare a reference steel containing titanium carbides (TiCs), which lack carbon vacancies, with an experimental steel added with molybdenum (Mo), which form Ti-Mo carbides comprising more carbon vacancies than TiCs. We employ theoretical and experimental techniques to examine the hydrogen trapping behavior of the carbides, demonstrating adding Mo alters the hydrogen trapping mechanism, enabling hydrogen to access carbon vacancy traps within the carbides, leading to an increase in trapping capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Yu Liu
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Boning Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsing Hua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ranming Niu
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Shao-Lun Lu
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chao Huang
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Maoqiu Wang
- Central Iron & Steel Research Institute Company Limited, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fuyang Tian
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute for Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Patrick A Burr
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Aimin Guo
- CITIC Metal Co., Beijing, 100027, China
| | - Hung-Wei Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center For Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Julie M Cairney
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsing Hua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yi-Sheng Chen
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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21
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Wang W, Shu H, Lu H, Xu M, Ji X. Multispectral Depolarization based Living-skin Detection: A New Measurement Principle. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; PP:1-13. [PMID: 38241110 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2024.3356410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Camera-based photoplethysmographic imaging enabled the segmentation of living-skin tissues in a video, but it has inherent limitations to be used in real-life applications such as video health monitoring and face anti-spoofing. Inspired by the use of polarization for improving vital signs monitoring (i.e. specular reflection removal), we observed that skin tissues have an attractive property of wavelength-dependent depolarization due to its multi-layer structure containing different absorbing chromophores, i.e. polarized light photons with longer wavelengths (R) have deeper skin penetrability and thus experience thorougher depolarization than those with shorter wavelengths (G and B). Thus we proposed a novel dual-polarization setup and an elegant algorithm (named "MSD") that exploits the nature of multispectral depolarization of skin tissues to detect living-skin pixels, which only requires two images sampled at the parallel and cross polarizations to estimate the characteristic chromaticity changes (R/G) caused by tissue depolarization. Our proposal was verified in both the laboratory and hospital settings (ICU and NICU) focused on anti-spoofing and patient skin segmentation. The clinical experiments in ICU also indicate the potential of MSD for skin perfusion analysis, which may lead to a new diagnostic imaging approach in the future. The proposed MSD algorithm is extremely simple to implement (only 5 lines of Matlab code) and its performance is highly reproducible: https://github.com/contactless-healthcare/Multispectral-Depolarization-based-Living-skin-Detection.
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Cao B, Wang Y, Lu H, Huang C, Yang Y, Shang L, Chen Z, Jiang R, Liu Y, Lin L, Peng P, Wang F, Gong F, Hu H, Cheng C, Yao X, Ye X, Zhou H, Shen Y, Liu C, Wang C, Yi Z, Hu B, Xu J, Gu X, Shen J, Xu Y, Zhang L, Fan J, Tang R, Wang C. Oral Simnotrelvir for Adult Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:230-241. [PMID: 38231624 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2301425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simnotrelvir is an oral 3-chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor that has been found to have in vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and potential efficacy in a phase 1B trial. METHODS In this phase 2-3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned patients who had mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and onset of symptoms within the past 3 days in a 1:1 ratio to receive 750 mg of simnotrelvir plus 100 mg of ritonavir or placebo twice daily for 5 days. The primary efficacy end point was the time to sustained resolution of symptoms, defined as the absence of 11 Covid-19-related symptoms for 2 consecutive days. Safety and changes in viral load were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 1208 patients were enrolled at 35 sites in China; 603 were assigned to receive simnotrelvir and 605 to receive placebo. Among patients in the modified intention-to-treat population who received the first dose of trial drug or placebo within 72 hours after symptom onset, the time to sustained resolution of Covid-19 symptoms was significantly shorter in the simnotrelvir group than in the placebo group (180.1 hours [95% confidence interval {CI}, 162.1 to 201.6] vs. 216.0 hours [95% CI, 203.4 to 228.1]; median difference, -35.8 hours [95% CI, -60.1 to -12.4]; P = 0.006 by Peto-Prentice test). On day 5, the decrease in viral load from baseline was greater in the simnotrelvir group than in the placebo group (mean difference [±SE], -1.51±0.14 log10 copies per milliliter; 95% CI, -1.79 to -1.24). The incidence of adverse events during treatment was higher in the simnotrelvir group than in the placebo group (29.0% vs. 21.6%). Most adverse events were mild or moderate. CONCLUSIONS Early administration of simnotrelvir plus ritonavir shortened the time to the resolution of symptoms among adult patients with Covid-19, without evident safety concerns. (Funded by Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05506176.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cao
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Yeming Wang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Yumei Yang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Lianhan Shang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Zhu Chen
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Rongmeng Jiang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Yihe Liu
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Ling Lin
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Ping Peng
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Fengyun Gong
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Honglin Hu
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Cong Cheng
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Xiangyang Yao
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Xianwei Ye
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Hourong Zhou
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Chenfan Liu
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Chunying Wang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Zhennan Yi
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Bijie Hu
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Jiuyang Xu
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Yechun Xu
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Leike Zhang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Jia Fan
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Renhong Tang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
| | - Chen Wang
- From the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (B.C., Y.W., L.S., J.X., Chen Wang) and Clinical Research and Data Management (X.G.), Institute of Respiratory Medicine in the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changping Laboratory (B.C., Chen Wang), the Department of Medicine, Non-oncology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (Y.Y.), Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (R.J.), and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Chen Wang), Beijing, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen (H.L., F.W.), Jin Yin-tan Hospital (C.H., F.G.) and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.Z.), Wuhan, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu (Z.C.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin (Y.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Hainan Third People's Hospital, Sanya (L.L.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou (P.P.), the Department of Clinical Statistics and Data Management, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (H.H.), the Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Y.S.), and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (B.H.), Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.S., Y.X.), and the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education (J.F.), Shanghai, the Second Hospital of Nanjing (C.C.), Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical (R.T.), and State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development (R.T.), Nanjing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen (X. Yao), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang (X. Ye, H.Z.), the Second Department of Infection, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan (C.L.), Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou (Chunying Wang), and Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang (Z.Y.) - all in China
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Chen C, Wang J, Xun J, Zhang X, Liu L, Song Z, Zhang R, Chen J, Lu H. Role of thymosin α1 in restoring immune response in immunological nonresponders living with HIV. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:97. [PMID: 38233816 PMCID: PMC10792804 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-08985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological nonresponders (INRs) living with HIV are at increased risk of co-infection and multiple tumors, with no effective strategy currently available to restore their T-cell immune response. This study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of thymosin α1 in reconstituting the immune response in INRs. METHODS INRs with CD4 + T cell counts between 100 and 350 cells/μL were enrolled and received two-staged 1.6 mg thymosin α1 subcutaneous injections for 24 weeks (daily in the first 2 weeks and biweekly in the subsequent 22 weeks) while continuing antiretroviral therapy. T cell counts and subsets, the expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on T cells, and signal joint T cell receptor excision circles (sjTREC) at week 24 were evaluated as endpoints. RESULTS Twenty three INRs were screened for eligibility, and 20 received treatment. The majority were male (19/20), with a median age of 48.1 years (interquartile range: 40.5-57.0) and had received antiretroviral therapy for 5.0 (3.0, 7.3) years. Multiple comparisons indicated that CD4 + T cell count and sjTREC increased after initiation of treatment, although no significant differences were observed at week 24 compared to baseline. Greatly, levels of CD4 + T cell proportion (17.2% vs. 29.1%, P < 0.001), naïve CD4 + and CD8 + T cell proportion (17.2% vs. 41.1%, P < 0.001; 13.8% vs. 26.6%, P = 0.008) significantly increased. Meanwhile, the proportion of CD4 + central memory T cells of HIV latent hosts (42.7% vs. 10.3%, P < 0.001) significantly decreased. Moreover, the expression of PD-1 on CD4 + T cells (14.1% vs. 6.5%, P < 0.001) and CD8 + T cells (8.5% vs. 4.1%, P < 0.001) decreased, but the expression of TIM-3 on T cellsremained unaltered at week 24. No severe adverse events were reported and HIV viral loads kept stable throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS Thymosin α1 enhance CD4 + T cell count and thymic output albeit as a trend rather than an endpoint. Importantly, it improves immunosenescence and decreases immune exhaustion, warranting further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION This single-arm prospective study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04963712) on July 15, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901, Jinshan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901, Jinshan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jingna Xun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901, Jinshan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901, Jinshan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901, Jinshan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zichen Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901, Jinshan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901, Jinshan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901, Jinshan, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901, Jinshan, Shanghai, 201508, China.
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People' s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
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24
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Mao L, Shaabani N, Zhang X, Jin C, Xu W, Argent C, Kushnareva Y, Powers C, Stegman K, Liu J, Xie H, Xu C, Bao Y, Xu L, Zhang Y, Yang H, Qian S, Hu Y, Shao J, Zhang C, Li T, Li Y, Liu N, Lin Z, Wang S, Wang C, Shen W, Lin Y, Shu D, Zhu Z, Kotoi O, Kerwin L, Han Q, Chumakova L, Teijaro J, Royal M, Brunswick M, Allen R, Ji H, Lu H, Xu X. Olgotrelvir, a dual inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 M pro and cathepsin L, as a standalone antiviral oral intervention candidate for COVID-19. Med 2024; 5:42-61.e23. [PMID: 38181791 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral antiviral drugs with improved antiviral potency and safety are needed to address current challenges in clinical practice for treatment of COVID-19, including the risks of rebound, drug-drug interactions, and emerging resistance. METHODS Olgotrelvir (STI-1558) is designed as a next-generation antiviral targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), an essential enzyme for SARS-CoV-2 replication, and human cathepsin L (CTSL), a key enzyme for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. FINDINGS Olgotrelvir is a highly bioavailable oral prodrug that is converted in plasma to its active form, AC1115. The dual mechanism of action of olgotrelvir and AC1115 was confirmed by enzyme activity inhibition assays and co-crystal structures of AC1115 with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and human CTSL. AC1115 displayed antiviral activity by inhibiting replication of all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell culture systems. Olgotrelvir also inhibited viral entry into cells using SARS-CoV-2 Spike-mediated pseudotypes by inhibition of host CTSL. In the K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2-mediated disease, olgotrelvir significantly reduced the virus load in the lungs, prevented body weight loss, and reduced cytokine release and lung pathologies. Olgotrelvir demonstrated potent activity against the nirmatrelvir-resistant Mpro E166 mutants. Olgotrelvir showed enhanced oral bioavailability in animal models and in humans with significant plasma exposure without ritonavir. In phase I studies (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05364840 and NCT05523739), olgotrelvir demonstrated a favorable safety profile and antiviral activity. CONCLUSIONS Olgotrelvir is an oral inhibitor targeting Mpro and CTSL with high antiviral activity and plasma exposure and is a standalone treatment candidate for COVID-19. FUNDING Funded by Sorrento Therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Mao
- ACEA Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Xiaoying Zhang
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Can Jin
- ACEA Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wanhong Xu
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Colin Powers
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Karen Stegman
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- ACEA Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hui Xie
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Changxu Xu
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yimei Bao
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Xu
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuren Zhang
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Haigang Yang
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shengdian Qian
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Shao
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Can Zhang
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhao Lin
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shanbo Wang
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlong Lin
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, SUSTech, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Dan Shu
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, SUSTech, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhong Zhu
- ACEA Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Olivia Kotoi
- ACEA Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Kerwin
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qing Han
- Structure Based Design, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - John Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mike Royal
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Robert Allen
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Henry Ji
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, SUSTech, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- ACEA Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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25
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Liu JH, Wang Q, Li SF, Deng GD, Li L, Ma J, Yuan MZ, Jiao YH, Lu H. [Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric epiretinal membranes without specific etiologies]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2024; 60:43-48. [PMID: 38199767 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20231014-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To describe clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric epiretinal membranes (ERMs) without specific etiologies. Methods: Medical data of a cohort of pediatric patients (≤14 years) who had ERMs without specific etiologies, underwent surgical removal from January 2019 to September 2021, and were followed up for at least 12 months were retrospectively reviewed. Age at presentation, chief complaints, color fundus photographs, optical coherence tomographic images, preoperative and postoperative visual acuities, anatomical changes, and postoperative complications were assessed. Results: There were 14 patients (17 eyes), including 5 females (6 eyes) and 9 males (11 eyes). The mean age at surgery was 6.31±2.91 years, and the follow-up duration was 17.3±9.5 months. Eight patients were found to have low vision in the school physical examination. Fifteen eyes had an appearance of cellophane macular reflex on fundus images. On optical coherence tomographic images, 10 eyes had"taco"folds, and 7 eyes had"ripple"folds. Five eyes had ellipsoid zone disruptions, while 12 eyes had ellipsoid zone integrity. The preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities in logMAR were 0.532±0.302 and 0.340±0.298. One patient suffered traumatic cataract and secondary retinal detachment postoperatively, and after further vitrectomy, the retina became attached. Conclusion: Pediatric ERMs without specific etiologies were mostly found in school-age children with cellophane macular reflex and"taco"folds. Vitrectomy may result in both potential visual acuity and macular anatomical improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Q Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - S F Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - G D Deng
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J Ma
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - M Z Yuan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y H Jiao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H Lu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Zhan Y, Lin Z, Liang J, Sun R, Li Y, Lin B, Ge F, Lin L, Lu H, Su L, Xiang T, Pan H, Huang C, Deng Y, Wang F, Xu R, Chen D, Zhang P, Tong J, Wang X, Meng Q, Zheng Z, Ou S, Guo X, Yao H, Yu T, Li W, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Fang Z, Song Y, Chen R, Luo J, Kang C, Liang S, Li H, Zheng J, Zhong N, Yang Z. Leritrelvir for the treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19 without co-administered ritonavir: a multicentre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 67:102359. [PMID: 38188690 PMCID: PMC10770433 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Leritrelvir is a novel α-ketoamide based peptidomimetic inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. A preclinical study has demonstrated leritrelvir poses similar antiviral activities towards different SARS-CoV-2 variants compared with nirmatrelvir. A phase 2 clinical trial has shown a comparable antiviral efficacy and safety between leritrelvir with and without ritonavir co-administration. This trial aims to test efficacy and safety of leritrelvir monotherapy in adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Methods This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 3 trial at 29 clinical sites in China. Enrolled patients were from 18 to 75 years old, diagnosed with mild or moderate COVID-19 and not requiring hospitalization. Patients had a positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test (NAT) and at least one of the COVID-19 symptoms within 48 h before randomization, and the interval between the first positive SARS-CoV-2 NAT and randomization was ≤120 h (5 days). Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a 5-day course of either oral leritrelvir 400 mg TID or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was the time from the first dose to sustained clinical recovery of all 11 symptoms (stuffy or runny nose, sore throat, shortness of breath or dyspnea, cough, muscle or body aches, headache, chills, fever ≥37 °C, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea). The safety endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (AE). Primary and safety analyses were performed in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05620160. Findings Between Nov 12 and Dec 30, 2022 when the zero COVID policy was abolished nationwide, a total of 1359 patients underwent randomization, 680 were assigned to leritrelvir group and 679 to placebo group. The median time to sustained clinical recovery in leritrelvir group was significantly shorter (251.02 h [IQR 188.95-428.68 h]) than that of Placebo (271.33 h [IQR 219.00-529.63 h], P = 0.0022, hazard ratio [HR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.35). Further analysis of subgroups for the median time to sustained clinical recovery revealed that (1) subgroup with positive viral nucleic acid tested ≤72 h had a 33.9 h difference in leritrelvir group than that of placebo; (2) the subgroup with baseline viral load >8 log 10 Copies/mL in leritrelvir group had 51.3 h difference than that of placebo. Leritrelvir reduced viral load by 0.82 log10 on day 4 compared to placebo. No participants in either group progressed to severe COVID-19 by day 29. Adverse events were reported in two groups: leritrelvir 315 (46.46%) compared with placebo 292 (43.52%). Treatment-relevant AEs were similar 218 (32.15%) in the leritrelvir group and 186 (27.72%) in placebo. Two cases of COVID-19 pneumonia were reported in placebo group, and one case in leritrelvir group, none of them were considered by the investigators to be leritrelvir related. The most frequently reported AEs (occurring in ≥5% of participants in at least one group) were laboratory finding: hypertriglyceridemia (leritrelvir 79 [11.7%] vs. placebo 70 [10.4%]) and hyperlipidemia (60 [8.8%] vs. 52 [7.7%]); all of them were nonserious. Interpretation Leritrelvir monotherapy has good efficacy for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and without serious safety concerns. Funding This study was funded by the National Multidisciplinary Innovation Team Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Science and Technology Foundation, Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project and R&D Program of Guangzhou Laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqing Zhan
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Zhengshi Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Jingyi Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Guangdong Second Provincial Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Yueping Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People Hospital, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Bingliang Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Fangqi Ge
- Heze Municipal Hospital, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ling Lin
- Sanya Central Hospital, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Liang Su
- Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tianxin Xiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Hongqiu Pan
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | | | - Ying Deng
- Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Furong Wang
- The Fourth Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Ruhong Xu
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Dexiong Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Dongguan People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jianlin Tong
- Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xifu Wang
- Shangrao People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Shangrao People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zheng
- Pingxiang People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Shuqiang Ou
- Pingxiang Second People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Pingxiang Second People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Herui Yao
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Tao Yu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Weiyang Li
- Nanyang First People's Hospital, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Mei Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Zhonghao Fang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Yudi Song
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Jincan Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Changyuan Kang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Shiwei Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - other Collaborative Institutes
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
- Guangdong Second Provincial Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
- Guangzhou Eighth People Hospital, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
- Heze Municipal Hospital, Shandong Province, PR China
- Sanya Central Hospital, Hainan Province, PR China
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong Province, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei Province, PR China
- Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, PR China
- The Fourth Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong Province, PR China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Dongguan People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Shangrao People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Pingxiang People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Pingxiang Second People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Nanyang First People's Hospital, Henan Province, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, Henan Province, PR China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Jingping Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510320, PR China
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Ye Y, Pan L, Yu D, Gu D, Lu H, Wang W. Notch RGB-camera based SpO 2 estimation: a clinical trial in a neonatal intensive care unit. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:428-445. [PMID: 38223168 PMCID: PMC10783908 DOI: 10.1364/boe.510925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Regular and narrow-band RGB cameras are recently explored for contactless SpO2 monitoring. Regular RGB cameras with cross-band overlap provide a high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) in measuring the photoplethysmographic signals but possess high dependency on the spectra of incident light, whereas narrow-band RGB cameras have better spectral independence but lower SNR especially in dim lighting conditions, such as in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This paper proposes a notch RGB camera based SpO2 measurement approach that uses an optical notch filter to attenuate the wavelengths of 580-605 nm of a regular RGB camera to improve the spectral independence while maintaining high SNR in signal measurement. The proposed setup was validated in the lab condition (e.g. dark chamber) against the existing solutions for visible-light based camera-SpO2 measurement and further verified in the NICU on preterm infants. The clinical trial conducted in the NICU with 22 preterm infants shows that the notch RGB camera can achieve a mean absolute error (MAE) less than 4% for SpO2 measurement. This is the first showcase of continuous monitoring of absolute camera-SpO2 values in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Liping Pan
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongfang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, China
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28
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Zhang W, Qi X, Yang L, Meng X, Xu G, Luo S, Wu K, Tang J, Wang B, Fu L, Han B, He J, Zhang Y, Wang F, Lin Y, Cao W, Liu S, He L, Gao Y, Lv F, Lu H, Qian J, Zou H. Mpox patients' experience from infection to treatment and implications for prevention and control: A multicenter qualitative study in China. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29338. [PMID: 38163280 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Monkeypox (mpox), a viral zoonotic disease, is spreading worldwide. However, evidence that informs prevention and control strategies in the Asia Pacific Region is very limited. Our study aims to investigate the experiences of mpox patients from infection to treatment to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control. A multicenter qualitative design was used. A total of 15 mpox patients were recruited between July 6 and July 25, 2023, from six cities in China. Semistructured interviews were conducted by telephone and analyzed using the thematic analysis. The interview was divided into two sections: patients' experiences (prediagnosis experience, treatment-seeking experience, and quarantine experience) and advice. Prediagnosis experience was summarized into three themes: symptoms, possible routes of infection, and knowledge of mpox. Treatment-seeking experience was summarized into three themes: time of visit to hospital, diagnostic difficulties, and attitude toward diagnosis. Quarantine experience was summarized into three themes: body and mind reactions, reluctance to self-disclose infection status, and factors facilitating recovery. Themes identified from patients' advice were as follows: (1) Increase in testing channels and methods, (2) Development and introduction of vaccines, (3) Adjustment of quarantine program, (4) Improvement of treatment measures, and (5) Improvement of publicity and education. To effectively curb the mpox epidemic, structured measures are urgently needed to address the mpox-related stigma and discrimination. Targeted health education should be provided to MSM, focusing on the prevention, detection, and treatment services. Hospitals should enhance the training of clinicians in key departments including infectious disease and dermatology, to improve diagnostic capability and sensitivity. Furthermore, given the absence of specific antiviral medications, supervised home quarantine may be a good option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Meng
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangyong Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Sitong Luo
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jiapeng Tang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leiwen Fu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baihui Han
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo He
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanlong Lin
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanxian Cao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longtao He
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Lv
- National Center for AIDS/Sexually Transmitted Disease Control and Prevention, The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Qian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Han YY, Zhang QH, Chen WS, Li ZL, Xie D, Zhang SL, Lu H, Wang LW, Xu ZH, Zhang LZ. Fermented rape pollen powder can alleviate benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats by reducing hormone content and changing gut microbiota. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:503-524. [PMID: 38656098 DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20230039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can cause urethral compression, bladder stone formation, and renal function damage, which may endanger the life of patients. Therefore, we aimed to develop plant-based preparations for BPH treatment with no side effects. In this study, the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 322Hp, Lactobacillus acidophilus 322Ha, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri 322Hr were used to ferment rape pollen. The fermented rape pollen was subsequently converted into fermented rape pollen powder (FRPP) through vacuum freeze-drying technology. After fermenting and drying, the bioactive substances and antioxidant capacity of FRPP were significantly higher than those of unfermented rapeseed pollen, and FRPP had a longer storage duration, which can be stored for over one year. To investigate the therapeutic effect of FRPP on BPH, a BPH rat model was established by hypodermic injection of testosterone propionate. The BPH rats were treated differently, with the model group receiving normal saline, the positive control group receiving finasteride, and the low, medium, and high dose FRPP group receiving FRPP at doses of 0.14 g/kg/d, 0.28 g/kg/d, and 0.56 g/kg/d, respectively. The results indicate that medium dose FRPP reduced the levels of hormone such as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and oestradiol in rats with BPH by about 32%, thus bringing the prostate tissue of BPH rats closer to normal. More importantly, medium dose FRPP treatment had a significant effect on the composition of gut microbiota in rats with BPH, increasing the levels of beneficial genera (such as Coprococcus and Jeotgalicoccus), and decreasing the levels of harmful pathogens (such as Turicibacter and Clostridiaceae_Clostridium) in the gut. This study showed that medium dose FRPP reduced the hormone level and regulated the unbalanced gut microbiota in BPH rats, thereby alleviating BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Han
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China P.R
| | - Q H Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China P.R
| | - W S Chen
- Nanjing Jiufengtang Bee Products Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, China P.R
| | - Z L Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China P.R
| | - D Xie
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China P.R
| | - S L Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China P.R
| | - H Lu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China P.R
| | - L W Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China P.R
| | - Z H Xu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China P.R
| | - L Z Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China P.R
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30
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Yang J, Cai R, Xun J, Zhang R, Liu L, Shen Y, Qi T, Wang Z, Song W, Tang Y, Sun J, Xu S, Zhao B, Lu H, Chen J. Elevated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is associated with endothelial dysfunction in people living with HIV and ROS production in human aortic endothelial cells in vitro. Drug Discov Ther 2023; 17:312-319. [PMID: 37880104 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The precise role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is still under debate, despite recognized links. This study aimed to investigate the impact of elevated IDO activity on endothelial dysfunction in PLWH. A total of 38 PLWH, who had not previously received anti-retroviral therapy (ART), were enrolled in the study. These participants were monitored for 36 months following the initiation of ART. Measurements including plasma levels of IDO activity, markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory factors, and lipids. In vitro, human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were exposed to interferon-γ, an IDO inhibitor, a kynurenine 3-hydroxylase (KMO) inhibitor, as well as different concentrations of kynurenine. Pre-ART, PLWH demonstrated notably elevated plasma concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(sVCAM-1), and IDO activity in comparison to healthy controls. Post-ART, both IDO activity and sICAM-1 levels experienced a significant decrease, with IDO activity reaching levels comparable to those observed in healthy controls. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between IDO activity and sICAM-1 (p = 0.0002), as well as sVCAM-1 (p < 0.0001) before ART. In vitro, the augmentation of kynurenine concentration in the medium and the induction of IDO expression in HAEC resulted in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with minimal impact on endothelial dysfunction. From these findings, it can be concluded that long-term ART has the potential to restore the heightened IDO activity observed in PLWH. The overexpression of IDO primarily influences the expression of ROS in HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Yang
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rentian Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingna Xun
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuibao Xu
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bihe Zhao
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Nursing Research Institution, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Huang T, Ma Y, Li S, Ran J, Xu Y, Asakawa T, Lu H. Effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-based training and monitoring system in prevention of nosocomial infections: A pilot study of hospital-based data. Drug Discov Ther 2023; 17:351-356. [PMID: 37673650 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a novel artificial intelligence-based training and monitoring system (AITMS) that was used to control and prevent nosocomial infections (NIs) by improving the skills of donning/removing personal protective equipment (PPE). The AITMS has two working modes, namely an AI-based protective equipment surveillance mode and an AI-based training mode, that were used for routine surveillance and training, respectively. Data revealed that the accuracy rate of donning/removing PPE improved as a result of the AITMS. Interestingly, the frequency of NIs decreased with the use of the AITMS. This study suggested the key role of using PPE in controlling and preventing NIs. Data preliminarily proved that appropriate donning/removing PPE may help to reduce the risk of NIs. In addition, the newest computerized technologies, such as AI, have proven to be useful in controlling and preventing NIs. These findings should helpful to formulate a better strategy against NIs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaxi Li
- Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianchao Ran
- Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Yao W, Feng S, Yang L, Lin Y, Zhang M, Cai K, Xing L, Yuan K, Lu H, Wang F. Differences caused by blood and secretion samples for the detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae using metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A comparative analysis. J Infect 2023; 87:438-444. [PMID: 37657648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyan Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanlong Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kanru Cai
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Xing
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sou thern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sou thern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Li T, Sun L, He Y, Zhou Y, Xu L, Zhao F, Hu D, Wang H, Lu H, Liu J. Increasing trends of overweight and obesity in treatment-naive people living with HIV in Shenzhen from 2014 to 2020: an emerging health concern. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1186838. [PMID: 37900013 PMCID: PMC10602863 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1186838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in China, the demographics of treatment-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH) are moving closer to those of the general population, which is characterized by a gradual increase in metabolic indicators. However, the epidemic trends of overweight and obesity over the past decade in treatment-naïve PLWH ready to initiate ART have not yet been investigated. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 12,135 consecutive treatment-naïve PLWH ready to initiate ART in Shenzhen, using data retrieved from the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program database from 2014 to 2020. The chi-square test was used to examine the trends of overweight and obesity between age groups, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the association of overweight and obesity with hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Results During the 7-year study period, 12,135 treatment-naïve PLWH ready to initiate ART were included, among whom 1,837 (15.1%) were overweight and 388 (3.2%) were obese. The prevalence of overweight rose from 11.4 to 17.3% (Z = -4.58, P for trend <0.01) and that of obesity from 2.0% to 4.2% (Z = -6.45, P for trend <0.01) from 2014 to 2020. The annual prevalence of overweight was the highest in the age group of participants >35 years compared to prevalence in other age groups during the period 2014-2020. Compared with those who were not overweight or obese, PLWH who were overweight or obese were more likely to have hyperglycemia (aOR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.37-2.49 for overweight; aOR 2.68, 95% CI: 1.62-4.44 for obesity), higher ALT level (aOR 2.70, 95% CI: 2.33-3.13 for overweight; aOR 3.85, 95% CI: 2.93-5.05 for obesity), higher TG levels (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.63-2.19 for overweight; aOR 2.56, 95% CI 1.97-3.32 for obesity), and lower HDL levels (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.44-1.95 for overweight; aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.54-2.77 for obesity). Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity in treatment-naive PLWH increased steadily from 2014 to 2020 in Shenzhen. Overweight and obese in treatment-naive PLWH ready to initiate ART were associated with dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Public health authorities should take proactive steps to address these issues by implementing targeted screening, intervention programs including lifestyle modifications, and integrated healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Li
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqin Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liumei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
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Lu H, Tang FL, Li M, Tian Y. Gut Microbiota-Derived D-Tagatose from EGCG Attenuates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S11. [PMID: 37784289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) As a rapidly self-renewing tissue, the small intestine is particularly sensitive to ionizing radiation, which limits the outcomes of radiotherapy against abdominal malignancies, resulting in poor prognosis. The polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major bioactive constituent of green tea, is beneficial in radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) alleviation. However, the bioavailability of EGCG in vivo is very low, with only 0.1% to 1.6% being absorbed into the intestine of mice. It is unclear whether gut microbial metabolites mediated by EGCG exert an effect to protect against radiation-induced intestinal injury. MATERIALS/METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 13 Gy abdominal irradiation after EGCG gavage, and the severity of intestinal tissue damage was evaluated by HE staining, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL assays. Fresh fecal samples were collected after the end of gavage, and then fecal sterile fecal filtrate (SFF) was obtained. Stool samples were collected 3 d after irradiation. The gut microbiome was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing, the metabolites were detected by GC‒MS analysis, and then the metabolites were applied to male C57BL/6J mice, observing and evaluating the severity of RIII. RESULTS We first explored the effect of oral EGCG delivery on radiation-induced intestinal injury. Our results revealed that EGCG pre-supplementation prolongs survival time, prevents weight loss in mice and mitigates radiation-induced intestinal injury in irradiated mice. Using 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis, we first found that EGCG ameliorated ionizing radiation-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and enriched short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria such as Roseburia, Ruminococcus, and Clostridia_UCG-014. In addition, metabolomic profiling analysis showed that the gut microbiota modulated EGCG-induced metabolic reprogramming in colonic tissues, particularly by enhancing galactose metabolism. Notably, EGCG supplementation resulted in the enrichment of the microbiota-derived galactose metabolism metabolite D-tagatose. Furthermore, exogenous treatment with D-tagatose reproduced similar protective effects as EGCG to protect against radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII). D-tagatose restored the length of villi and improved the number of goblet cells, Ki-67-positive cells and Lgr5+ ISCs, while the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the intestinal tissues decreased significantly. To validate these discoveries, we performed fecal sterile fecal filtrate (SFF) from EGCG-dosed mice to untreated mice before ionizing radiation. SFF from EGCG-dosed mice alleviated the RIII over SFF from control mice superiorly. CONCLUSION This study provides the first data indicating that oral EGCG ameliorated radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites. Our findings provide novel insights into D-tagatose derived by gut microbiota from EGCG-mediated remission of RIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suchow, China
| | - F L Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - M Li
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y Tian
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Fu L, Wang B, Wu K, Yang L, Hong Z, Wang Z, Meng X, Ma P, Qi X, Xu G, Wang F, Zhang W, Huang C, Zhang D, Lin Y, Cao W, Sun P, Wu W, Gao Y, Lv F, Qian J, Lu H, Zou H. Epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and mental health status of human mpox cases: A multicenter cross-sectional study in China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29198. [PMID: 37881113 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Human mpox is occurring worldwide, however, evidence from the Asian Pacific Region is limited. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, information of confirmed mpox cases diagnosed between June 1 and July 31, 2023 in China. Information included demographic and epidemiological characteristics, and clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and mental health status of mpox cases. A total of 115 confirmed mpox cases were enrolled. All cases were men. A total of 102 (90.3%) identified as homosexual. The median age was 31.0 years (interquartile range 27.0-36.5). A total of 65 (56.5%) were HIV-positive, of whom 92.3% were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 19/39 (40.4%) had a CD4 cell count <500 cells/μL. Systemic features such as fever (73.0%), lymphadenopathies (49.6%), and myalgia (28.7%) were commonly observed. Skin lesions were present in all participants: 49.6% in the genital area and 27.0% in the perianal area. Vesicular rash (78.3%) and papular rash (44.3%) were the most common lesion morphologies. People living with HIV were more likely to have anxiety than those living without HIV. The majority of mpox cases had primary genital lesions and sexual activities before diagnosis, which supports the likelihood of sexual contact transmission. Guidelines on hospitalization and isolation protocols for mpox patients necessitate further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiwen Fu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern, University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongsi Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojun Meng
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern, University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenming Huang
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Dingyan Zhang
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanlong Lin
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern, University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanxian Cao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Weibo Wu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern, University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Lv
- National Center for AIDS/Sexually Transmitted Disease Control and Prevention, The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern, University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Yang JP, Shiu C, Zhang L, Wang K, Lu H, Zhao H, Chen WT. Health disparities affecting persons living with HIV and using substances in China. Appl Nurs Res 2023; 73:151729. [PMID: 37722797 PMCID: PMC10684315 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2023.151729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Health disparities affecting persons living with HIV (PLWH) as well as those affecting individuals who use substances have been documented in China. However, health status and outcomes within the intersectional population of those who both live with HIV and use substances is not well understood. One hundred and sixty-nine PLWH receiving care in China completed surveys assessing HIV-clinical factors, substance use, and HIV-related physical health symptoms. We tested associations between substance use and health symptoms using multivariate logistic and ordinal regressions. Using one substance over the past week was associated with greater maximal severity of physical symptoms (p < .01); using two or more substances in the past week was associated with both increased total physical symptom severity (p < .05) and a dosage response in increased maximal severity (p < .01). Findings highlight the need for providers to address substance use for comprehensive care of PLWH to improve overall wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce P Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chengshi Shiu
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Kerong Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China
| | - Wei-Ti Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Avihingsanon A, Lu H, Leong CL, Hung CC, Koenig E, Kiertiburanakul S, Lee MP, Supparatpinyo K, Zhang F, Rahman S, D'Antoni ML, Wang H, Hindman JT, Martin H, Baeten JM, Li T. Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for initial treatment of HIV-1 and hepatitis B coinfection (ALLIANCE): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet HIV 2023; 10:e640-e652. [PMID: 37494942 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(23)00151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For most adults with HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection, initial recommended treatment is a tenofovir-containing antiretroviral regimen, but no randomised studies have compared tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with tenofovir alafenamide. We aimed to investigate whether bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide is non-inferior to dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for viral suppression in individuals with HIV-1 and HBV coinfection at 48 and 96 weeks. METHODS We did this randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial at 46 outpatient centres in China, Dominican Republic, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and the USA. Eligible participants were treatment-naive adults (aged ≥18 years) with plasma HIV-1 RNA of at least 500 copies per mL and plasma HBV DNA of at least 2000 IU/mL. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive daily oral bictegravir 50 mg, emtricitabine 200 mg, and tenofovir alafenamide 25 mg, or dolutegravir 50 mg, emtricitabine 200 mg, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg, each with corresponding matching placebo. Randomisation was stratified by hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status (positive vs negative), HBV DNA (<8 vs ≥8 log10 IU/mL), and CD4 count (<50 vs ≥50 cells per μL) at screening. All investigators, participants, and staff providing treatment, assessing outcomes, and collecting data were masked to study treatment for 96 weeks. Coprimary endpoints were the proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL (defined by the US Food and Drug Administration snapshot algorithm) and plasma HBV DNA less than 29 IU/mL (using the missing-equals-failure approach) at week 48, with a prespecified non-inferiority margin of -12%. Coprimary endpoints were assessed in the full analysis set, which included all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least one post-baseline HIV-1 RNA or HBV DNA result while on study drug. Safety endpoints were assessed in all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03547908. FINDINGS Between May 30, 2018 and March 16, 2021, 381 participants were screened, of whom 243 initiated treatment (121 in the receive bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group; 122 in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group). At week 48, both endpoints met the criteria for non-inferiority: 113 (95%) of 119 participants in the bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group and 111 (91%) of 122 participants in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group had HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL (difference 4·1, 95% CI -2·5 to 10·8; p=0·21), and 75 (63%) of 119 participants in the bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group versus 53 (43%) of 122 participants in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group had HBV DNA suppression (difference 16·6, 5·9 to 27·3; nominal p=0·0023). Drug-related adverse events up to week 96 occurred in 35 (29%) of 121 participants in the bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group and 34 (28%) of 122 participants in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group. One (1%) of 121 participants in the bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group reported a serious adverse event (cryptococcal meningitis attributed to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) that was deemed to be treatment-related. INTERPRETATION Coformulated bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide is an effective therapy for adults with HIV-1 and HBV coinfection starting antiviral therapy. FUNDING Gilead Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Avihingsanon
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Chee Loon Leong
- Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ellen Koenig
- Dominican Institute of Virological Studies, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Man-Po Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Fujie Zhang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taisheng Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xie L, Lu H, Li M, Tian Y. Probiotic Consortia and their Metabolites Protect Intestine Against Radiation Injury by Improving Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e269. [PMID: 37785018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The intestine is a highly radiosensitive tissue that is susceptible to structural and functional damage due to systemic as well as localized radiation exposure. Unfortunately, no therapeutic agents are available at present to manage radiation-induced intestinal injuries (RIII). Probiotics, especially Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium, are orally taken as food supplements or microbial drugs by patients with gastrointestinal disorders due to their safety, efficacy, and power to restore the gut microenvironment. Our results demonstrate that probiotic consortia and their metabolites could exert protective roles in the RIII mouse model by restoring the structure of the gut microbiota and regulating redox imbalance. Moreover, the effect of probiotic consortia is better than that of any single probiotic strain. MATERIALS/METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with 13 Gy of whole abdominal irradiation (WAI). Probiotics were administered by gavage before (once a day for 30 days) WAI. The survival and body weight were recorded, while the severity of RIII was evaluated by HE staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TUNEL assay of gut tissues. Meanwhile, stool samples were obtained 3.5 d after irradiation. Gut microbiome were measured by 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolites were detected by LC-MS analysis. For sterile fecal filtrate (SFF), the supernatants were collected and passed through 70 and 0.2μm filters. RESULTS Compared to the control, probiotic consortia (Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus paracasei) treatment significantly increased survival rates by 50% (P<0.05) and improved clinical scores of mice after WAI. HE staining showed that probiotics mitigated RIII, as reflected by the dramatic attenuation of crypt-villus architecture destruction. IHC results showed that probiotic consortia treatment markedly increased the Lgr5+ cells, Paneth cells, and Ki67+ cells (P<0.001) per crypt, indicating that probiotics promoted the proliferation and differentiation of ISCs after WAI. Consistent with the H&E staining, the level of CD4/CD8 was increased by the probiotic consortia compared with that of the control group. The probiotic consortia modulated the structure of the gut microbiota and metabolites in the RIII mouse model. To further investigate the impact of metabolites on RIII, crude probiotic fermentation metabolites were administered to the RIII mouse model. Specifically, mice fed the mixed-metabolite daily for 7 days before IR had significantly more Lgr5+ and Ki67+cells in the SI crypt than mice of control. Moreover, treatment with mixed metabolites resulted in insignificant changes in SOD, MDA, GSH and T-AOC activity compared to the control group in intestinal tissues. CONCLUSION In the present study, we demonstrate that probiotic consortia and their metabolites treatment attenuate RIII by modulating the structure and composition of the gut microbiota and regulating redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - H Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suchow, China
| | - M Li
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y Tian
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Liao X, Guan Y, Asakawa T, Lin Z, Tang Q, Ma Z, Wu S, Wang X, Dong J, Zhang L, Deng J, Liao Z, Yang S, Wang C, Song S, Yi H, Wu S, Lu H. Benefit of Nasal Douche in COVID-19 Patients with Recurrence of Positive SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6269-6276. [PMID: 37750173 PMCID: PMC10518237 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s421380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose was to review relevant clinical data and formulate recommendations supporting the use of saline as a simple rinse for an early reassuring intervention to reduce the occurrence of re-positive COVID-19 patients. Methods We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study, which enrolled patients with confirmed re-testing positive COVID-19 during 7-60 days after discharge from Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen. By one-to-two propensity score matching for age and sex, the control group of those not re-testing positive during the same period served as matched control. Results A total of 223 patients were included in our study, 94 in re-positive group and 129 in non-re-positive group. The result shows that the rates of nasal douche treatment in the non-re-positive group were considerably higher than that of the re-positive group. And the Ct value of nasal douche group increased faster than that of non-nasal douche group after the Ct value reaching ≥35. Further analysis revealed that the higher the Ct value at the time of readmission, the shorter the time of average Ct values to reach ≥35. Conclusion These findings suggest that nasal douche is beneficial to shorten the time of virus nucleic acid turning negative, thereby reducing the incidence of re-positive. The prevention and control of epidemics focuses on re-positive patients with Ct values <35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Guan
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixun Lin
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Tang
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Infectious Diseases Department, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Ma
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingke Dong
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Deng
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghui Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sumei Yang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Song
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Li N, Liu G, Gao H, Wu Q, Meng J, Wang F, Jiang S, Chen M, Xu W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Feng Y, Liu J, Xu C, Lu H. Geriatric syndromes, chronic inflammation, and advances in the management of frailty: A review with new insights. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:262-270. [PMID: 37612125 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
As people age, geriatric syndromes characterized by frailty significantly impact both clinical practice and public health. Aging weakens people's immune functions, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation that ultimately contributes to the development of frailty. Effectively managing geriatric syndromes and frailty can help alleviate the economic burden of an aging population. This review delves into the intricate relationship among aging, infection-induced inflammation, chronic inflammation, and frailty. In addition, it analyzes various approaches and interventions to address frailty, such as smart rehabilitation programs and stem-cell treatments, offering promising solutions in this new era. Given the importance of this topic, further research into the mechanisms of frailty is crucial. Equally essential is the devising of relevant measures to delay its onset and the formulation of comprehensive clinical, research, and public health strategies to enhance the quality of life for elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niuniu Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gaolin Liu
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Meng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Siwei Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingqian Feng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juncai Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Wang F, Xiao W, Tang Y, Cao M, Shu D, Asakawa T, Xu Y, Jiang X, Zhang L, Wang W, Tang J, Huang Y, Yang Y, Yang Y, Tang R, Shen J, Lu H. Efficacy and safety of SIM0417 (SSD8432) plus ritonavir for COVID-19 treatment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1b trial. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 38:100835. [PMID: 37484496 PMCID: PMC10362366 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background SIM0417 (SSD8432) is an orally administered coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro) inhibitor with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SIM0417 plus ritonavir (a pharmacokinetic enhancer) in adults with COVID-19. Methods This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1b study in China. Adults with asymptomatic infection, mild or moderate COVID-19 were randomly assigned (3:3:2) to receive either 750 mg SIM0417 plus 100 mg ritonavir, 300 mg SIM0417 plus 100 mg ritonavir or placebo every 12 h for 10 doses. The main efficacy endpoints included SARS-CoV-2 viral load, proportion of participants with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test and time to alleviation of COVID-19 symptoms. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05369676. Findings Between May 12 and August 29, 2022, 32 participants were enrolled and randomised to high dose group (n = 12), low dose group (n = 12) or placebo (n = 8). The viral load change from baseline in high dose group was statistically lower compared with placebo, with a maximum mean difference of -2.16 ± 0.761 log10 copies/mL (p = 0.0124) on Day 4. The proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 in both active groups were lower than the placebo. The median time to sustained alleviation of COVID-19 symptoms was 2.0 days in high dose group versus 6.0 days in the placebo group (HR = 3.08, 95% CI 0.968-9.818). SIM0417 plus ritonavir were well tolerated with all adverse events in grade 1. Interpretation SIM0417 plus ritonavir was generally well tolerated. The efficacy of SIM0417 showed a monotonic dose-response relationship, and the 750 mg SIM0417 plus 100 mg ritonavir was selected as the recommended clinical dose. Funding The study was funded by Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China
| | - Yimin Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengli Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China
| | | | | | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China
| | - Yumei Yang
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China
| | - Renhong Tang
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China
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Yang L, Peng L, Yuan K, Cai K, Feng C, Yang G, Wang S, Zhu X, Zhang J, Wang F, Lu H. Case Report: Mycobacterium kansasii causing infective endocarditis explored by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1227537. [PMID: 37680745 PMCID: PMC10482420 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1227537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe the first case of infective endocarditis caused by Mycobacterium kansasii in a 45-year-old male patient who presented with a 10-day fever and decompensated cirrhosis. Despite negative results in blood culture and pathology, we employed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to analyze the genome sequences of both the host and microbe. The copy number variation (CNV) indicated a high risk of liver disease in the patient, which correlated with biochemical examination findings. Notably, M. kansasii sequences were detected in peripheral blood samples and confirmed through Sanger sequencing. Unfortunately, the patient's condition deteriorated, leading to his demise prior to heart surgery. Nevertheless, we propose that mNGS could be a novel approach for diagnosing M. kansasii infection, particularly in cases where blood culture and pathology results are unavailable. It is important to consider M. kansasii infection as a potential cause of endocarditis and initiate appropriate anti-infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Peng
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- BGI Genomics, BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kanru Cai
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Feng
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gendong Yang
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiuyun Zhu
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jieyun Zhang
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Yang Y, Guo L, Yuan J, Xu Z, Gu Y, Zhang J, Guan Y, Liang J, Lu H, Liu Y. Viral and antibody dynamics of acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant (B.1.1.529): a prospective cohort study from Shenzhen, China. Lancet Microbe 2023; 4:e632-e641. [PMID: 37459867 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating viral dynamics within the host is important for designing public health measures against SARS-CoV-2, particularly during the early stages of infection when transmission potential rapidly increases. We aimed to analyse the viral and antibody dynamics of the omicron variant in relation to symptom onset or laboratory confirmation and replication dynamics throughout the infection course. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to Shenzhen Third People's Hospital (Shenzhen, China) between Jan 11, 2020, and April 24, 2022, were screened for eligibility. We included immunocompetent individuals with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection without antiviral agents targeting SARS-CoV-2. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma samples were analysed for viral RNAs and specific IgG antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. The comparative viral and antibody kinetics in association with symptom onset or laboratory confirmation and replication dynamics throughout the infection course were calculated by the locally estimated scatterplot smoothing curve fitting polynomial regression. The associations between viral and antibody dynamics and vaccination, age, sex, disease severity, and underlying health conditions were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon method. FINDINGS 15 406 serial nasopharyngeal swabs and 2324 plasma samples were taken from 2043 individuals with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=217 prototype [A.1] and D614G [B.1] variant [wild-type]; n=105 delta variant [B.1.617.2]; n=1721 omicron variant [B.1.1.529]) and were included for the analyses. The mean Ct value of omicron variant on the first day post symptom onset (dpo; defined as the first day post laboratory confirmation in asymptomatic participants) was 22·65 (95% CI 22·05-23·26). Peak viral load was reached with a mean Ct value of 17·63 (17·47-17·79) at a mean of 3·19 dpo (95% CI 3·09-3·28), and viral clearance (Ct values ≥35) was reached at a mean of 13·50 dpo (95% CI 13·32-13·67). Omicron variant showed faster viral replication and clearance than wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and delta variant, and the viral load at the first dpo and the peak viral load was lower than delta variant but higher than wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Age, sex, disease severity, and underlying health conditions were associated with the viral dynamics of omicron variant, with faster viral clearance found in young (aged 0-14 years), male, and asymptomatic participants, and those without underlying health conditions. Replication dynamics thoughout the infection course showed that peak viral load was reached at a mean of 5·06 dpo (4·76-5·36) and viral clearance took a mean of 14·27 days (13·6-14·93) for omicron variant. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG increased earlier and faster to significantly higher concentrations in breakthrough infection than naive infection with omicron variant, despite long intervals (≥7 months) between the last dose of vaccination and infection. INTERPRETATION Our data provide a comprehensive overview of the longitudinal viral and antibody dynamics of omicron variant in people with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with important implications for public health strategies, including population screening, antiviral treatment, isolation periods, and vaccination. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China and Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuchen Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Guan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhu Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Zhang Y, Tao X, Lu H, Qiao K, Wang W. Camera-based Respiratory Imaging for Thoracic Asymmetry in Thoracic Surgery Patients. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38082661 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The current tool for assessing thoracic asymmetry of thoracic surgery patients is inappropriate for timely or frequent clinical routines due to its dependency on empirical physical examinations or specialized machines. This study investigates the camera-based respiratory imaging for screening thoracic asymmetry, in an intelligent and convenient way. The respiratory heatmaps are generated based on the respiratory magnitudes, phases and angles extracted from the chest video, and bilateral chest region of interest are compared statistically. Due to the variability of chest respiratory direction, spatial enhancement (SDR and SPCA) algorithms are proposed to magnify the respiratory energy. The proposed framework was validated in a clinical trial involving 31 patients, recorded by a smartphone camera. A high correlation was found between the camera measurements and patients' thoracic status in both the visual imaging and quantified indices. The respiratory imaging of camera shows a clear potential for assessing chest abnormalities of thoracic surgery patients.
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Huang D, Ren L, Lu H, Wang W. A Scene Adaption Framework for Infant Cry Detection in Obstetrics. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38083776 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Infant cry provides useful clinical insights for caregivers to make appropriate medical decisions, such as in obstetrics. However, robust infant cry detection in real clinical settings (e.g. obstetrics) is still challenging due to the limited training data in this scenario. In this paper, we propose a scene adaption framework (SAF) including two different learning stages that can quickly adapt the cry detection model to a new environment. The first stage uses the acoustic principle that mixture sources in audio signals are approximately additive to imitate the sounds in clinical settings using public datasets. The second stage utilizes mutual learning to mine the shared characteristics of infant cry between the clinical setting and public dataset to adapt the scene in an unsupervised manner. The clinical trial was conducted in Obstetrics, where the crying audios from 200 infants were collected. The experimented four classifiers used for infant cry detection have nearly 30% improvement on the F1-score by using SAF, which achieves similar performance as the supervised learning based on the target setting. SAF is demonstrated to be an effective plug- and-play tool for improving infant cry detection in new clinical settings. Our code is available at https://github.com/contactless-healthcare/Scene-Adaption-for-Infant-Cry-Detection.
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Wu C, Huang D, Ren L, Lu H, Wang W. A Large-Scale Clinical Benchmark of ResNet-based Deep Models for Newborn Face Recognition. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082835 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Newborn face recognition is a meaningful application for obstetrics in the hospital, as it enhances security measures against infant swapping and abduction through authentication protocols. Due to limited newborn face datasets, this topic was not thoroughly studied. We conducted a clinical trial to create a dataset that collects face images from 200 newborns within an hour after birth, namely NEWBORN200. To our best knowledge, this is the largest newborn face dataset collected in the hospital for this application. The dataset was used to evaluate the four latest ResNet-based deep models for newborn face recognition, including ArcFace, CurricularFace, MagFace, and AdaFace. The experimental results show that AdaFace has the best performance, obtaining 55.24% verification accuracy at 0.1% false accept rate in the open set while achieving 78.76% rank-1 identification accuracy in a closed set. It demonstrates the feasibility of using deep learning for newborn face recognition, also indicating the direction of improvement could be the robustness to varying postures.
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Zhu Y, Zeng Y, Huang D, Huang J, Lu H, Wang W. Occlusion-robust Sleep Posture Detection using Body Rolling Motion in a Video. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38082939 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the monitoring of sleep postures is useful for the treatment and prevention of sleep diseases such as obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure. Camera-based sleep posture detection is attractive for the nature of comfort and convenience of use. However, the main challenge is to detect postures from images of the body that are occluded by bed sheets or covers. To address this issue, we propose a novel occlusion-robust sleep posture detection method exploiting the body rolling motion in a video. It uses the head orientation to indicate the posture direction (supine, left or right lateral), triggered by the full-body rolling motion (as a sign of posture change). The experimental results show that our proposed method, as compared with the state-of-the-art approaches such as skeleton-based (MediaPipe) and full-image ResNet based methods, obtained clear improvements on sleep posture detection with heavy body occlusions, with an averaged precision, recall and F1-score of 0.974, 0.993 and 0.983, respectively. The next step is to integrate the sleep posture detection algorithm into a camera-based sleep monitoring system for clinical validations.
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Huang Y, Huang D, Huang J, Lu H, He M, Wang W. Camera Wavelength Selection for Multi-wavelength Pulse Transit Time based Blood Pressure Monitoring. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38083039 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Multi-wavelength pulse transmit time (MV-PTT) is a potential tool for remote blood pressure (BP) monitoring. It uses two wavelengths, typically green (G) and near-infrared (NIR), that have different skin penetration depths to measure the PTT between artery and arterioles of a single site of the skin for BP estimation. However, the impact of wavelength selection for MV-PTT based BP calibration is unknown. In this paper, we explore the combination of different wavelengths of camera photoplethysmography for BP measurement using a modified narrow-band camera centered at G-550/R-660/NIR-850 nm, especially focused on the comparison between G-R (full visible) and G-NIR (hybrid). The experiment was conducted on 17 adult participants in a dark chamber with their BP significantly changed by the protocol of ice water stimulation. The experimental results show that the MV-PTT obtained by G-NIR has a higher correlation with BP, and the fitted model has lower MAE in both the systolic pressure (5.78 mmHg) and diastolic pressure (6.67 mmHg) than others. It is confirmed that a hybrid wavelength of visible (G) and NIR is still essential for accurate BP calibration due to their difference in skin penetration depth that allows proper sensing of different skin layers for this measurement.
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Huang W, Huang J, Wang G, Lu H, He M, Wang W. A Pilot Study of Deep Learning Models for Camera based Hand Hygiene Monitoring in ICU. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38083035 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Hand hygiene is key to preventing cross-infections in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Monitoring of hand washing activities can effectively increase the compliance of clinicians to hand hygiene. In this paper, we explored the feasibility of recognizing clinicians' hand-washing activities using a clinical dataset recorded in ICU using CCTV cameras. We benchmarked three types of hand hygiene detection methods on the dataset with the aim of identifying the 7-step hand washing procedure defined by WHO. Experimental results show that our approach achieves 97% average accuracy for personalized and 67% for generalized modeling. Preliminary results indicate that hand hygiene recognition is subject-dependent, and thus cross-subject modeling or subject-adaptive learning should be used to enhance generalization. The feasibility and challenges of CCTV-camera-based hand hygiene recognition are discussed. The results may contribute to design a hand hygiene scoring and alert system as part of the IoT system in hospitals. The hospital data and code are available at https://github.com/SunnySideUp11/ICU-MH-20.
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Wang Y, Jin Z, Huang J, Lu H, Wang W. Facial Landmark based BMI Analysis for Pervasive Health Informatics. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38083465 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated based on the ratio between a person's height and weight, is a widely used metric for body weight or fatness. In this paper, we investigate the potential of face image-based BMI estimation using an RGB camera. We proposed a simple yet highly reproducible image processing framework that converts an input face image into a BMI value or obesity class (underweight, normal and overweight). In this framework, we explored the options of using 2D or 3D facial landmark models, view angle correction in 2D and 3D, different choices for facial feature extraction (landmark distances or coordinates), and different prediction models (regression or classification) based on shallow machine learning techniques. Our framework was thoroughly validated on two public datasets. The insights of this measurement are discussed, as well as the challenges and limitations, to increase the understanding for future improvement of camera-based BMI estimation. The source code of this study is available at https://github.com/hxfj/Facial-Landmark-based-BMI-Analysis.git.Clinical relevance- This contributes to simpler and more effective daily health management.
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