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Van Holm W, Zayed N, Lauwens K, Saghi M, Axelsson J, Aktan MK, Braem A, Simoens K, Vanbrabant L, Proost P, Van Holm B, Maes P, Boon N, Bernaerts K, Teughels W. Oral Biofilm Composition, Dissemination to Keratinocytes, and Inflammatory Attenuation Depend on Probiotic and Synbiotic Strain Specificity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10253-z. [PMID: 38619794 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Several inflammatory diseases are characterized by a disruption in the equilibrium between the host and its microbiome. Due to the increase in resistance, the use of antibiotics for the widespread, nonspecific killing of microorganisms is at risk. Pro-microbial approaches focused on stimulating or introducing beneficial species antagonistic toward pathobionts may be a viable alternative for restoring the host-microbiome equilibrium. Unfortunately, not all potential probiotic or synbiotic species and even subspecies (to strain level) are equally effective for the designated pathology, leading to conflicting accounts of their efficacy. To assess the extent of these species- and strain-specific effects, 13 probiotic candidates were evaluated for their probiotic and synbiotic potential with glycerol on in vitro oral biofilms, dissemination from biofilms to keratinocytes, and anti-inflammatory activity. Species- and strain-specific effects and efficacies were observed in how they functioned as probiotics or synbiotics by influencing oral pathobionts and commensals within biofilms and affected the dissemination of pathobionts to keratinocytes, ranging from ineffective strains to strains that reduced pathobionts by 3 + log. In addition, a minority of the candidates exhibited the ability to mitigate the inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated monocytes. For a comprehensive assessment of probiotic therapy for oral health, a judicious selection of fully characterized probiotic strains that are specifically tailored to the designated pathology is required. This approach aims to challenge the prevailing perception of probiotics, shifting the focus away from "form over function." Rather than using unproven, hypothetical probiotic strains from known genera or species, one should choose strains that are actually functional in resolving the desired pathology before labelling them probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Van Holm
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Ghent University (UGent), Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Naiera Zayed
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Ghent University (UGent), Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Katalina Lauwens
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehraveh Saghi
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Merve Kübra Aktan
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Simoens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van Holm
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Ghent University (UGent), Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristel Bernaerts
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hansson LS, Lasselin J, Tognetti A, Axelsson J, Olsson MJ, Sundelin T, Lekander M. The walking sick: Perception of experimental sickness from biological motion. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:319-327. [PMID: 37517742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of sick conspecifics allows for avoidance of infectious threats, and is therefore an important behavioral defense against diseases. Here, we investigated if humans can identify sick individuals solely from biological motion and posture (using point-light displays). Additionally, we sought to determine which movements and sickness parameters would predict such detection. We collected video clips and derived point-light displays (one stride presented in a loop) of sick walkers (injected with lipopolysaccharide at 2.0 ng/kg body weight) and the same walkers when healthy (injected with saline). We then presented these displays to two groups, one group classified each walker as sick or healthy (study 1, n = 106), and the other group scored the walkers' health on a visual analogue scale (study 2, n = 106). The raters were able to identify sick individuals above chance, and rated sick walkers as having worse health, both from observing video clips and point-light displays. Furthermore, both sickness detection and worse apparent health were predicted by inflammation-induced increase in rigidity and slower walking, but not other cues. Altogether, these findings indicate that biological motion can serve as a sickness cue, possibly allowing humans to identify sick conspecifics from a distance, and thereby allowing for disease avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Hansson
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Health, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lasselin
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Health, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Tognetti
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Axelsson
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Olsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Sundelin
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Health, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sendelius M, Axelsson J, Liu P, Roos S. Genomic, phenotypic, and clinical safety of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad041. [PMID: 37974056 PMCID: PMC10689046 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the safety of probiotic microorganisms is an important part of the development of probiotic products. In this study, we have performed a systematic safety assessment of Limosilactobacillus reuteri American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) PTA 4659 based on genome analysis, antibiotic susceptibility testing, phenotypic characterization, and a human clinical safety study. Genome sequence analysis showed that the strain is free from virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Connected to this, phenotypic characterization showed that the strain is susceptible to the main classes of antibiotics. Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 was shown to produce histamine, which has previously been described as an anti-inflammatory mediator produced by certain L. reuteri strains. However, the amount of histamine, a biogenic amine, poses no safety concern of a potential product. The strain was investigated in a human clinical safety study and was shown to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract, both when administered at high [1 × 1011 colony-forming units (CFU)/day] and low doses (1 × 109 CFU/day). The clinical safety evaluation showed that the doses administered are safe for human consumption. Furthermore, carbohydrate utilization, mucus adhesion, and tolerance to acid and bile were studied. It was shown that L. reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 has a very high adhesion to mucus and tolerance to both gastric pH and bile, all potentially important properties for a probiotic strain. Altogether, this study has demonstrated that Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 is safe for human consumption and along with its phenotypic characteristics and previously described anti-inflammatory effects, makes it a promising strain for future probiotic development. NCT01033539.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peidi Liu
- MetaboGen, SE- 411 26, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- BioGaia AB, SE- 103 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE- 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Forsgård RA, Rode J, Lobenius-Palmér K, Kamm A, Patil S, Tacken MGJ, Lentjes MAH, Axelsson J, Grompone G, Montgomery S, Brummer RJ. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation and SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response in healthy adults: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2229938. [PMID: 37401761 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2229938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that probiotics can decrease the symptoms of respiratory tract infections as well as increase antibody responses following certain vaccinations. We examined the effect of probiotic supplementation on anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses upon SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as after COVID-19 vaccination. In this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled intervention study with a parallel design, 159 healthy adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination and any known risk factors for severe COVID-19 were randomly allocated into two study arms. The active treatment arm consumed a probiotic product containing a minimum of 1 × 108 colony-forming units of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 + 10 μg vitamin D3 twice daily for 6 months. The placebo arm consumed identical tablets containing only 10 μg vitamin D3. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and virus neutralizing antibody titers were analyzed from blood samples collected at baseline, after 3 months, and after 6 months. Differences in serum antibody titers between the two study arms were tested with independent t-test using log-transformed values. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals in the active treatment arm (n = 6) tended to have higher serum anti-spike IgG (609 [168-1480] BAU/ml vs 111 [36.1-1210] BAU/ml, p = 0.080) and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG (928 [212-3449] BAU/ml vs (83.7 [22.8-2094] BAU/ml, p = 0.066) levels than individuals in the placebo arm (n = 6). Considering individuals who were fully vaccinated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, the active treatment arm (n = 10) exhibited significantly higher serum levels of anti-RBD IgA (135 [32.9-976] BAU/ml vs 61.3 [26.7-97.1] BAU/ml, p = 0.036) than the placebo arm (n = 7) >28 days postvaccination. Supplementation with specific probiotics might improve the long-term efficacy of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines via enhanced IgA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Forsgård
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Julia Rode
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karin Lobenius-Palmér
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Annalena Kamm
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Snehal Patil
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mirriam G J Tacken
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen A H Lentjes
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | | | - Scott Montgomery
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Brummer
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Balter L, Holding B, Axelsson J. Chronotype predicts phenotypic differences in psychiatric symptoms across the day. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hird E, Beierholm U, De Boer L, Axelsson J, Beckman L, Guitart-Masip M. Dopamine and reward-related vigor in younger and older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 118:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Åkerud A, Axelsson J, Yadav M, Erjefält J, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Malmström A, Fischer H. Heparin fragments induce cervical inflammation by recruiting immune cells through Toll-like receptor 4 in nonpregnant mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaab004. [PMID: 33508081 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark in the human cervix remodelling. A possible candidate inducing the inflammatory driven ripening of the cervix is the matrix component heparan sulphate, which has been shown to be elevated in late pregnancy in the cervix and uterus. Heparin and a glycol-split low molecular weight heparin (gsHep) with low anticoagulant potency has been shown to enhance myometrial contraction and interleukin (IL)-8 production by cervical fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which heparin promotes cervical inflammation. Wild-type, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-deficient mice were treated by deposition of gsHep into the vaginas of nonpregnant mice. To identify which cells that responded to the heparin fragments, a rhodamine fluorescent construct of gsHep was used, which initially did bind to the epithelial cells and were at later time points located in the sub-mucosa. The heparin fragments induced a strong local inflammatory response in wild-type mice shown by a rapid infiltration of neutrophils and to a lesser extent macrophages into the epithelium and the underlying extracellular matrix of the cervix. Further, a marked migration into the cervical and vaginal lumen was seen by both neutrophils and macrophages. The induced mucosal inflammation was strongly reduced in TLR4- and IRF3-deficient mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a TLR4/IRF3-mediated innate immune response in the cervical mucosa is induced by gsHep. This low anticoagulant heparin version, a novel TLR4 agonist, could contribute to human cervical ripening during the initiation of labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Åkerud
- Division of Matrixbiology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Axelsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Universitye, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Erjefält
- Division of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunvor Ekman-Ordeberg
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Women and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Malmström
- Division of Matrixbiology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Fischer
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Universitye, Lund, Sweden
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Butler É, Lundqvist C, Axelsson J. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a Novel Topical Cosmetic Ingredient: A Proof of Concept Clinical Study in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071026. [PMID: 32664536 PMCID: PMC7409218 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin where sufferers can frequently be subject to infections. Probiotics are known to be potent immune-modulators, and live Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 has shown to be anti-inflammatory but also to possess antimicrobial and barrier function properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare two investigational ointment products (topical probiotic and control) for cutaneous acceptability, safety, and efficacy under normal conditions of use, in adult subjects with atopic dermatitis. The products were applied twice daily for 8 weeks, and cutaneous acceptability, SCORAD index, local SCORAD, and adverse events were evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. At the end of the observations, it was demonstrated that both the probiotic-containing and probiotic-free ointments were both cutaneously acceptable and safe. It importantly showed a statistically and clinically significant improvement of the SCORAD index and local SCORAD in adult subjects with AD after 4 and 8 weeks of continuous use. In conclusion, we show evidence that the probiotic product, containing live L. reuteri DSM 17938 as an extra ingredient, is safe and promising as a novel topical cosmetic ointment and with further testing could be a standard topical product for the management of atopic dermatitis or other disorders associated with the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éile Butler
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Faculty of health and society, Department of Health Biomedical, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 25, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jakob Axelsson
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Lasselin J, Sundelin T, Wayne PM, Olsson MJ, Paues Göranson S, Axelsson J, Lekander M. Biological motion during inflammation in humans. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:147-153. [PMID: 31785395 PMCID: PMC7010549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological motion is a powerful perceptual cue that can reveal important information about the inner state of an individual. Activation of inflammatory processes likely leads to changes in gait, posture, and mobility patterns, but the specific characteristics of inflammation-related biological motion have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inflammation on gait and motion in humans. Systemic inflammation was induced in 19 healthy volunteers with an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (2 ng/kg body weight). Biological motion parameters (walking speed, stride length and time, arm, leg, head, and shoulder angles) were assessed during a walking paradigm and the timed-up-and-go test. Cytokine concentrations, body temperature, and sickness symptoms were measured. During inflammation, compared to placebo, participants exhibited shorter, slower, and wider strides, less arm extension, less knee flexion, and a more downward-tilting head while walking. They were also slower and took a shorter first step in the timed-up-and-go test. Higher interleukin-6 concentrations, stronger sickness symptoms, and lower body temperature predicted the inflammation-related alterations in biological motion. These findings show that biological motion contains clear information about the inflammatory status of an individual, and may be used by peers or artificial intelligence to recognize that someone is sick or contagious.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lasselin
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - T Sundelin
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, 10003 New York, NY, USA
| | - P M Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Stress, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - M J Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Paues Göranson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 18288 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Axelsson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Kharraziha I, Medic Spahic J, Ricci F, Persson-Tholin J, Persson M, Firth K, Axelsson J, Sutton R, Fedorowski A, Hamrefors V. P4441Serum activity against specific G-protein coupled receptors is associated with the severity of orthostatic symptoms in patients with POTS. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterised by an excessive heart rate increase upon standing and orthostatic intolerance. Previous studies indicate autoimmune involvement mediated via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) as a possible aetiology.
Purpose
To test if serum from POTS patients and controls activates selected GPCRs and if the activation associates with the severity of symptoms.
Methods
A total of 34 POTS patients (age 28.9 [9.9] years; 29 women) and a population-based control group of 25 healthy subjects (age 30.7 [8.6] years; 21 women) were included. The subjects performed an active standing test and completed the orthostatic hypotension questionnaire (OHQ) including ten items related to orthostatic intolerance. The OHQ composite score was calculated (range 0–10).
Sera were analysed by a FRET-based reporter system (Tango GeneBLAzer, Thermo Fischer) based on a beta-arrestin-linked transcription factor driving transgenic betalactamase transcription. HEK293M-cells over-expressing one of the GPCRs, adrenergic alpha-1 (ADRA1), adrenergic beta-2 (ADRB2), muscarinic type-2 (CHRM2) and opioid-receptor-like 1 (OPRL1) receptor were plated in 96-well optical plates and allowed to re-attach during 48 hrs. The cells were treated with 10% sera diluted in RPMI for 5 hours, followed by addition of the FRET-substrate, incubation for 60 min and quantification analysis in a CLARIOStar multi-purpose plate reader.
Quantification of the activation of the GPCRs was log-transformed and related to the OHQ composite and individual scores in age-adjusted linear regression models. OHQ scores were compared according to the median of sera activation, using independent samples t-test.
Results
Serum ADRA1 activation associated with the OHQ composite score (beta 0.77 OHQ points per SD of activity; p=0.009), whereas there were no significant associations among controls (p=0.953). The association between ADRA1 and total OHQ was significant also after adjusting for heart rate and systolic blood pressure at 3 min (p=0.024). The OHQ composite score was higher in with above median serum ADRA1 activation (Figure 1).
ADRA1 activation associated with a higher score for vision problems (p<0.001) and symptoms during prolonged standing (p=0.037) and walking for short (p=0.042) or long periods (p=0.001).
The activity of ARB2, CHRM2 and OPRL1 did not associate with OHQ composite score in neither POTS patients nor controls.
Figure 1. OHQ according to ADRA1 activation
Conclusions
Activating serum proteins for the adrenergic alpha-1 receptor are associated with the severity of orthostatic symptoms in POTS patients, partly independent of the orthostatic hemodynamic response. Serum activity against alpha1 receptors is related particularly to symptoms of disturbed vision and symptoms during walking or prolonged standing. Serum activity against the adrenergic alpha 1 receptor may be a one factor underlying the orthostatic symptoms in POTS.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, The Swedish Heart and Lung Association, Solidex, ALF funds, Crafoord Foundation, Ernhold Lundströms Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kharraziha
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - J Medic Spahic
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - F Ricci
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - J Persson-Tholin
- Skane University Hospital, The Clinical Research Unit, Malmo, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - K Firth
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - J Axelsson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Dept. of Stem Cell Therapy and Apheresis, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Sutton
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Fedorowski
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
| | - V Hamrefors
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Sweden
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Lofbacka V, Pilebro B, Axelsson J, Karp KH, Suhr OB, Sundstrom T, Lindqvist P. 2599mTc-DPD SPECT/CT correlates to both Troponin-T release and cardiac function measured as echocardiographic strain in cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez142.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Lofbacka
- Surgery and perioperative Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B Pilebro
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicne, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Axelsson
- Umea University, Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics,, Umea, Sweden
| | - K H Karp
- Surgery and perioperative Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - O B Suhr
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicne, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Sundstrom
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology,, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Lindqvist
- Surgery and perioperative Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
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Sandgren K, Jonsson J, Nyholm T, Strandberg S, Ogren M, Axelsson J, Blomqvist L, Freidrich B, Bergh A, Ahlström Riklund K, Windmark A. PO-0978: Histology correlation of in vivo [68Ga]PSMA-PET/MRI data of the prostate. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Gerhardsson A, Fischer H, Lekander M, Kecklund G, Axelsson J, Åkerstedt T, Schwarz J. Emotional working memory in older adults after total sleep deprivation. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Holding B, Sundelin T, Axelsson J. Changes in skin color after sleep deprivation: objective, subjective or null? Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Jonasson LS, Axelsson J, Riklund K, Boraxbekk CJ. Simulating effects of brain atrophy in longitudinal PET imaging with an anthropomorphic brain phantom. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:5213-5227. [PMID: 28561014 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6e1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET), the presence of volumetric changes over time can lead to an overestimation or underestimation of the true changes in the quantified PET signal due to the partial volume effect (PVE) introduced by the limited spatial resolution of existing PET cameras and reconstruction algorithms. Here, a 3D-printed anthropomorphic brain phantom with attachable striata in three sizes was designed to enable controlled volumetric changes. Using a method to eliminate the non-radioactive plastic wall, and manipulating BP levels by adding different number of events from list-mode acquisitions, we investigated the artificial volume dependence of BP due to PVE, and potential bias arising from varying BP. Comparing multiple reconstruction algorithms we found that a high-resolution ordered-subsets maximization algorithm with spatially variant point-spread function resolution modeling provided the most accurate data. For striatum, the BP changed by 0.08% for every 1% volume change, but for smaller volumes such as the posterior caudate the artificial change in BP was as high as 0.7% per 1% volume change. A simple gross correction for striatal volume is unsatisfactory, as the amplitude of the PVE on the BP differs depending on where in the striatum the change occurred. Therefore, to correctly interpret age-related longitudinal changes in the BP, we must account for volumetric changes also within a structure, rather than across the whole volume. The present 3D-printing technology, combined with the wall removal method, can be implemented to gain knowledge about the predictable bias introduced by the PVE differences in uptake regions of varying shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Jonasson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Center for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden
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Karshikoff B, Jensen KB, Kosek E, Kalpouzos G, Soop A, Ingvar M, Olgart Höglund C, Lekander M, Axelsson J. Why sickness hurts: A central mechanism for pain induced by peripheral inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:38-46. [PMID: 27058164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade systemic inflammation has been implicated in chronic pain, as well as in comorbid diseases like depression and fatigue. We have previously shown that women's pain perception and regulation is more affected by systemic inflammation than that of men. Here we investigated the neural substrates underlying these effects using an fMRI paradigm previously employed in a clinical population. Fifty-one participants (29 women) were injected with 0.6ng/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline to induce a peripheral inflammatory response. The subjects were then tested with a pressure pain fMRI paradigm designed to capture descending pain inhibitory activity 2h after injection, and blood was sampled for cytokine analysis. The subjects injected with LPS became more pain sensitive compared to the placebo group, and the heightened pain sensitivity was paralleled by decreased activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) compared to placebo; areas involved in descending pain regulation. The LPS group also had higher activity in the anterior insular cortex, an area underpinning affective and interoceptive pain processing. Women displayed overall less pain-evoked rACC activity compared to men, which may have rendered women less resilient to immune provocation, possibly explaining sex differences in LPS-induced pain sensitivity. Our findings elucidate the pain-related brain circuits affected by experimental peripheral inflammation, strengthening the theoretical link between systemic inflammation and weakened pain regulation in chronic pain disorders. The results further suggest a possible mechanism underlying the female predominance in many chronic pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Karshikoff
- Karolinska Pain Center, Behavioral Medicine Pain Treatment Service, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - K B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Kalpouzos
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Department of Neurobiology, Cares Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - A Soop
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Olgart Höglund
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna and CMM, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Axelsson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sundelin T, Karshikoff B, Axelsson E, Höglund CO, Lekander M, Axelsson J. Sick man walking: Perception of health status from body motion. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:53-6. [PMID: 25801061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An ability to detect subtle signs of sickness in others would be highly beneficial, as it would allow for behaviors that help us avoid contagious pathogens. Recent findings suggest that both animals and humans are able to detect distinctive odor signals of individuals with activated innate immune responses. This study tested whether an innate immune response affects a person's walking speed and whether other people perceive that person as less healthy. 43 subjects watched films of persons who were experiencing experimental immune activation, and rated the walking individuals in the films with respect to health, tiredness, and sadness. Furthermore, the walking speed in the films was analyzed. After LPS injections, participants walked more slowly and were perceived as less healthy and more tired as compared to when injected with placebo. There was also a trend for the subjects to look sadder after LPS injection than after placebo. Furthermore, there were strong associations between walking speed and the appearance of health, tiredness, and sadness. These findings support the notion that walking speed is affected by an activated immune response, and that humans may be able to detect very early signs of sickness in others by merely observing their gait. This ability is likely to aid both a "behavioral immune system", by providing more opportunities for adaptive behaviors such as avoidance, and the anticipatory priming of biochemical immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sundelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Karshikoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Olgart Höglund
- Osher Center for Integrative medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna and CMM, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nevalainen N, Riklund K, Andersson M, Axelsson J, Ögren M, Lövdén M, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L, Nyberg L. COBRA: A prospective multimodal imaging study of dopamine, brain structure and function, and cognition. Brain Res 2015; 1612:83-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bandel I, Bungum M, Richtoff J, Malm J, Axelsson J, Pedersen HS, Ludwicki JK, Czaja K, Hernik A, Toft G, Bonde JP, Spano M, Malm G, Haugen TB, Giwercman A. No association between body mass index and sperm DNA integrity. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1704-13. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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20
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Karshikoff B, Lekander M, Soop A, Lindstedt F, Ingvar M, Kosek E, Olgart Höglund C, Axelsson J. Modality and sex differences in pain sensitivity during human endotoxemia. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:35-43. [PMID: 25486090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation can induce pain hypersensitivity in animal and human experimental models, and has been proposed to be central in clinical pain conditions. Women are overrepresented in many chronic pain conditions, but experimental studies on sex differences in pain regulation during systemic inflammation are still scarce. In two randomized and double blind placebo controlled experiments, we used low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an experimental model of systemic inflammation. The first study employed 0.8ng/kg LPS in a within-subject design of 8 individuals (1 woman), and the second study 0.6ng/kg LPS in a between-subject design of 52 participants (29 women). We investigated the effect on (a) pressure, heat, and cold pain thresholds, (b) suprathreshold noxious heat and cold sensitivity, and (c) conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and differences between men and women. LPS induced significantly lower pressure pain thresholds as compared to placebo (mean change with the 0.8ng/kg dose being -64±30kPa P=.04; with the 0.6ng/kg dose -58±55kPa, P<.01, compared to before injection), whereas heat and cold pain thresholds remained unaffected (P's>.70). Suprathreshold noxious pain was not affected by LPS in men (P's⩾.15). However, LPS made women rated suprathreshold noxious heat stimuli as more painful (P=.01), and showed a tendency to rate noxious cold pain as more painful (P=.06) as compared to placebo. Furthermore, LPS impaired conditioned pain modulation, a measure of endogenous pain inhibition, but this effect was also restricted to women (P<.01, for men P=.27). Pain sensitivity correlated positively with plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels. The results show that inflammation more strongly affects deep pain, rather than cutaneous pain, and suggest that women's pain perception and modulation is more sensitive to immune activation than men's.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Karshikoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - M Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Soop
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Lindstedt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Olgart Höglund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Brynolfsson P, Asklund T, Gref M, Axelsson J, Riklund K, Nyholm T. PO-0958: Correlations between DCE-MRI, [18F]-FLT PET and survival in patients with high grade glioma. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lindström M, Axelsson J, Modén B, Rosvall M. Sexual orientation, social capital and daily tobacco smoking: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:565. [PMID: 24903892 PMCID: PMC4067373 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have suggested poorer health in the homosexual and bisexual groups compared to heterosexuals. Tobacco smoking, which is a health-related behavior associated with psychosocial stress, may be one explanation behind such health differences. Social capital, i.e. the generalized trust in other people and social participation/social networks which decreases the costs of social interaction, has been suggested to affect health through psychosocial pathways and through norms connected with health related behaviours, The aim of this study is to investigate the association between sexual orientation and daily tobacco smoking, taking social capital into account and analyzing the attenuation of the logit after the introduction of social participation, trust and their combination in the models. Methods In 2008 a cross-sectional public health survey was conducted in southern Sweden with a postal questionnaire with 28,198 participants aged 18–80 (55% participation rate). This study was restricted to 24,348 participants without internally missing values on all included variables. Associations between sexual orientation and tobacco smoking were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, 11.9% of the men and 14.8% of the women were daily tobacco smokers. Higher and almost unaltered odds ratios of daily smoking compared to heterosexuals were observed for bisexual men and women, and for homosexual men throughout the analyses. The odds ratios of daily smoking among homosexual women were not significant. Only for the “other” sexual orientation group the odds ratios of daily smoking were reduced to not significant levels among both men and women, with a corresponding 54% attenuation of the logit in the “other” group among men and 31.5% among women after the inclusion of social participation and trust. In addition, only the “other” sexual orientation group had higher odds ratios of low participation than heterosexuals. Conclusions Bisexual men and women and homosexual men, but not homosexual women, are daily smokers to a higher extent than heterosexuals. Only for the “other” sexual orientation group the odds ratios of daily smoking were reduced to not significant levels after adjustments for covariates including trust and social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lindström
- Social Medicine and Health Policy Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö S-205 02, Sweden.
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Kurnatowska I, Grzelak P, Masajtis-Zagajewska A, Kaczmarska M, Stefa czyk L, Vermeer C, Maresz K, Nowicki M, Patel L, Bernard LM, Elder GJ, Leonardis D, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, D'Arrigo G, Postorino M, Enia G, Caridi G, Marino F, Parlongo G, Zoccali C, Genovese F, Boor P, Papasotiriou M, Leeming DJ, Karsdal MA, Floege J, Delmas-Frenette C, Troyanov S, Awadalla P, Devuyst O, Madore F, Jensen JM, Mose FH, Kulik AEO, Bech JN, Fenton RA, Pedersen EB, Lucisano S, Villari A, Benedetto F, Pettinato G, Cernaro V, Lupica R, Trimboli D, Costantino G, Santoro D, Buemi M, Carmone C, Robben JH, Hadchouel J, Rongen G, Deinum J, Navis GJ, Wetzels JF, Deen PM, Block G, Fishbane S, Shemesh S, Sharma A, Wolf M, Chertow G, Gracia M, Arroyo D, Betriu A, Valdivielso JM, Fernandez E, Cantaluppi V, Medica D, Quercia AD, Dellepiane S, Gai M, Leonardi G, Guarena C, Migliori M, Panichi V, Biancone L, Camussi G, Covic A, Ketteler M, Rastogi A, Spinowitz B, Sprague SM, Botha J, Rakov V, Floege J, Floege J, Ketteler M, Rastogi A, Spinowitz B, Sprague SM, Botha J, Braunhofer P, Covic A, Kaku Y, Ookawara S, Miyazawa H, Ito K, Ueda Y, Hirai K, Hoshino T, Mori H, Nabata A, Yoshida I, Tabei K, El-Shahawy M, Cotton J, Kaupke J, Wooldridge TD, Weiswasser M, Smith WT, Covic A, Ketteler M, Rastogi A, Spinowitz B, Sprague SM, Botha J, Braunhofer P, Floege J, Hanowski T, Jager K, Rong S, Lesch T, Knofel F, Kielstein H, McQuarrie EP, Mark PB, Freel EM, Taylor A, Jardine AG, Wang CL, Du Y, Nan L, :Hess K, Savvaidis A, Lysaja K, Dimkovic N, Floege J, Marx N, Schlieper G, Skrunes R, Larsen KK, Svarstad E, Tondel C, Singh B, Ash SR, Lavin PT, Yang A, Rasmussen HS, Block GA, Egbuna O, Zeig S, Pergola PE, Singh B, Braun A, Yu Y, Sohn W, Padhi D, Block G, Chertow G, Fishbane S, Rodriguez M, Chen M, Shemesh S, Sharma A, Wolf M, Delgado G, Kleber ME, Grammer TB, Kraemer BK, Maerz W, Scharnagl H, Ichii M, Ishimura E, Shima H, Ohno Y, Tsuda A, Nakatani S, Ochi A, Mori K, Inaba M, Filiopoulos V, Manolios N, Hadjiyannakos D, Arvanitis D, Karatzas I, Vlassopoulos D, Floege J, Botha J, Chong E, Sprague SM, Cosmai L, Porta C, Foramitti M, Masini C, Sabbatini R, Malberti F, Elewa U, Nastou D, Fernandez B, Egido J, Ortiz A, Hara S, Tanaka K, Kushiyama A, Sakai K, Sawa N, Hoshino J, Ubara Y, Takaichi K, Bouquegneau A, Vidal-Petiot E, Vrtovsnik F, Cavalier E, Krzesinski JM, Flamant M, Delanaye P, Kilis-Pstrusinska K, Prus-Wojtowicz E, Szepietowski JC, Raj DS, Amdur R, Yamamoto J, Mori M, Sugiyama N, Inaguma D, Youssef DM, Alshal AA, Elbehidy RM, Bolignano D, Palmer S, Navaneethan S, Strippoli G, Kim YN, Park K, Gwoo S, Shin HS, Jung YS, Rim H, Rhew HY, Tekce H, Kin Tekce B, Aktas G, Schiepe F, Draz Y, Rakov V, Yilmaz MI, Siriopol D, Saglam M, Kurt YG, Unal H, Eyileten T, Gok M, Cetinkaya H, Oguz Y, Sari S, Vural A, Mititiuc I, Covic A, Kanbay M, Filiopoulos V, Manolios N, Hadjiyannakos D, Arvanitis D, Karatzas I, Vlassopoulos D, Okarska-Napierala M, Ziolkowska H, Pietrzak R, Skrzypczyk P, Jankowska K, Werner B, Roszkowska-Blaim M, Cernaro V, Trifiro G, Lorenzano G, Lucisano S, Buemi M, Santoro D, Krause R, Fuhrmann I, Degenhardt S, Daul AE, Sallee M, Dou L, Cerini C, Poitevin S, Gondouin B, Jourde-Chiche N, Brunet P, Dignat-George F, Burtey S, Massimetti C, Achilli P, Madonna MPP, Muratore MTT, Fabbri GDD, Brescia F, Feriozzi S, Unal HU, Kurt YG, Gok M, Cetinkaya H, Karaman M, Eyileten T, Vural A, Oguz Y, Y lmaz MI, Sugahara M, Sugimoto I, Aoe M, Chikamori M, Honda T, Miura R, Tsuchiya A, Hamada K, Ishizawa K, Saito K, Sakurai Y, Mise N, Gama-Axelsson T, Quiroga B, Axelsson J, Lindholm B, Qureshi AR, Carrero JJ, Pechter U, Raag M, Ots-Rosenberg M, Vande Walle J, Greenbaum LA, Bedrosian CL, Ogawa M, Kincaid JF, Loirat C, Liborio A, Leite TT, Neves FMDO, Torres De Melo CB, Leitao RDA, Cunha L, Filho R, Sheerin N, Loirat C, Greenbaum L, Furman R, Cohen D, Delmas Y, Bedrosian CL, Legendre C, Koibuchi K, Aoki T, Miyagi M, Sakai K, Aikawa A, Pozna Ski P, Sojka M, Kusztal M, Klinger M, Fakhouri F, Bedrosian CL, Ogawa M, Kincaid JF, Loirat C, Heleniak Z, Aleksandrowicz E, Wierblewska E, Kunicka K, Bieniaszewski L, Zdrojewski Z, Rutkowski B. CKD PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL STUDIES. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Akerstedt T, Kecklund G, Axelsson J. Mean stress ratings across 6 weeks are related to increased levels of Stage 1 and waso during 4 (home) recorded sleep periods. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li M, Qureshi AR, Ellis E, Axelsson J. Impaired postprandial fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 response in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney diseases is ameliorated following antioxidative therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28 Suppl 4:iv212-9. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Jernelöv S, Lekander M, Almqvist C, Axelsson J, Larsson H. Development of atopic disease and disturbed sleep in childhood and adolescence--a longitudinal population-based study. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:552-9. [PMID: 23600546 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both atopic diseases and sleep disturbances have increased during recent decades, especially in children. Sleep is important for many aspects of immune regulation relevant in allergic diseases, and sleep disturbances are common in patients with such diseases. A connection between sleep disturbances and fatigue, and atopic disease is well established. However, the time course and putative causal relationships between these factors are obscure. OBJECTIVE We aimed at investigating the developmental relationships between subjectively reported sleep disturbances and symptoms of atopic disease, from childhood to adolescence. METHODS This longitudinal study used parent-report questionnaire data on symptoms of atopic disease, and sleep disturbances, from the Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development (TCHAD). Overall, 1480 twin pairs born in Sweden were approached first when children were 8-9 years old, and again later at 13-14 years old. Response rates were 75% and 72%. Data from the TCHAD questionnaires were linked to the Swedish Medical Birth Register based on personal identification numbers. RESULTS Being overtired at age 8 increased the risk [OR; 95% CI (2.59; 1.31-5.11)] to develop rhinitis symptoms at age 13, even when controlling for gender, previous rhinitis, Socio-economic status, birth weight and other sleep disturbances at age 8. Likewise, symptoms of asthma at age 8 was an independent risk factor for being overtired at age 13 [OR; 95% CI (2.64; 1.44-4.84)], controlling for similar confounders. CONCLUSION & CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings from this study are consonant with the proposition that atopic disease and disturbed sleep are more than passively interrelated. Future research needs to delineate whether causal relationships between these problems are at hand and, if so, at what periods in development this applies. These results point to a need for clinicians to investigate sleep difficulties and treat impaired sleep in paediatric patients with atopic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jernelöv
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Thelin MA, Bartolini B, Axelsson J, Gustafsson R, Tykesson E, Pera E, Oldberg Å, Maccarana M, Malmstrom A. Biological functions of iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate. FEBS J 2013; 280:2431-46. [PMID: 23441919 PMCID: PMC3717172 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate changes the properties of the polysaccharides because it generates a more flexible chain with increased binding potentials. Iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate influences multiple cellular properties, such as migration, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and the regulation of cytokine/growth factor activities. Under pathological conditions such as wound healing, inflammation and cancer, iduronic acid has diverse regulatory functions. Iduronic acid is formed by two epimerases (i.e. dermatan sulfate epimerase 1 and 2) that have different tissue distribution and properties. The role of iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate is highlighted by the vast changes in connective tissue features in patients with a new type of Ehler–Danlos syndrome: adducted thumb-clubfoot syndrome. Future research aims to understand the roles of the two epimerases and their interplay with the sulfotransferases involved in chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate biosynthesis. Furthermore, a better definition of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate functions using different knockout models is needed. In this review, we focus on the two enzymes responsible for iduronic acid formation, as well as the role of iduronic acid in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Thelin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, Sweden
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Axelsson J, Modén B, Rosvall M, Lindström M. Sexual orientation and self-rated health: the role of social capital, offence, threat of violence, and violence. Scand J Public Health 2013; 41:508-15. [PMID: 23399539 DOI: 10.1177/1403494813476159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health, including trust, offence, threat of violence, and violence. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/MEASUREMENT: The 2008 Public Health Survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study. A total of 28,198 persons aged 18-80 years responded (55%). Logistic regressions analysed the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health. RESULTS 27.4% of all men and 30.0% of all women rated their health as poor. Poor self-rated health was significantly more prevalent in higher age, among immigrants, people with lower education, low social support, low trust, experience of being offended, experience of threat of violence and violence, and bisexual and other orientation. Homosexual and bisexual men and women had higher age-adjusted odds ratios of having felt offended compared to heterosexual respondents. The odds ratios of low trust, threat of violence (men), and experience of violence (women) were significant for respondents with bisexual orientation but not for respondents with homosexual orientation. In the age-adjusted model, no significant association was observed between homosexual orientation and poor self-rated health among women. All other associations between sexual orientation and health were significant in the age-adjusted model but non-significant in the multiple models. CONCLUSIONS Associations between sexual orientation and health disappear after multiple adjustments including trust and experience of offence, threat of violence, and violence. The study suggests that the group with bisexual orientation seems to be more exposed to low social capital (trust), threat of violence, and violence than the group with homosexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Lindström M, Axelsson J, Rosvall M. Experience of violation during the past 3 months, social capital, and self-rated health: a population-based study. Scand J Public Health 2012; 40:753-60. [PMID: 23111285 DOI: 10.1177/1403494812462460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the association between experience of violation during the past 3 months and self-rated health, taking trust (social capital), economic stress, and country of birth and parents' country of birth into account. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/MEASUREMENTS The 2008 public health survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional study with 55% response rate. A random sample was approached using a postal questionnaire, and 28,198 persons aged 18-80 responded. Logistic regression models investigated associations between experience of violation during the past 3 months and self-rated health. RESULTS A 27.4% proportion of the men and 30.0% of the women reported less than good health. Less than good health was significantly higher in older age groups, among persons born outside Sweden, with low education, economic stress, low trust in other people, and experience of violation during the past 3 months. The group with experience of violation at one occasion during the past 3 months had odds ratio 1.76 (95% CI 1.57-1.97) of less than good health among men and odds ratio 1.78 (95% CI 1.62-1.96) among women, while the group with experience of violation two or more times during the past 3 months had odds ratio 4.28 (95% CI 3.36-5.44) among men and 3.54 (95% CI 2.89-4.35) among women in the final multiple analyses. CONCLUSIONS Experience of violation during the past 3 months is significantly associated with less than good health, which is a finding with important policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lindström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Shin SJ, Rhee MY, Lim C, Lavoz C, Rodrigues-Di;ez R, Rayego-Mateos S, Benito-Martin A, Rodrigues-Diez R, Alique M, Ortiz A, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Axelsson J, Axelsson J, Rippe A, Sverrisson K, Rippe B, Calo L, Dal Maso L, Pagnin E, Caielli P, Calo L, Pagnin E, Dal Maso L, Caielli P, Spanos G, Spanos G, Kalaitzidis R, Karasavvidou D, Pappas K, Balafa O, Siamopoulos K, Fang TC, Lee TJF, Spanos G, Spanos G, Kalaitzidis R, Pappas E, Ermeidi E, Tatsioni A, Siamopoulos K, Blazquez-Medela A, Garcia-Sanchez O, Quiros Y, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Wu HY, Peng YS, Hung KY, Tsai TJ, Tu YK, Chien KL, Larsen T, Mose FH, Hansen AB, Pedersen EB, Quiroz Y, Rivero M, Yaguas K, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Xydakis D, Sfakianaki M, Petra C, Maragaki E, Antonaki E, Krasoudaki E, Kostakis K, Stylianou K, Papadogiannakis A, Sagliker Y, Paylar N, Heidland A, Keck A, Erek R, Kolasin P, S Ozkaynak P, Sagliker HS, Gokcay I, Ritz E, Koleganova N, Gross-Weissmann ML, Piecha G, Reinecke N, Marquez Cunha T, M . S. Higa E, Pfeferman Heilberg I, Neder JA, Nishiura JL, Silva Almeida W, Schor N, Tapia E, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Cristobal M, Soto V, Garci;a-Arroyo F, Monroy-Sanchez F, Madero M, Johnson R, Kim SM, Yang SH, Kim YS, Karanovic S, Fistrek M, Kos J, Pecin I, Premuzic V, Abramovic M, Matijevic V, Cvoriscec D, Cvitkovic A, Knezevic M, Bitunjac M, Laganovic M, Jelakovic B, Liu F, Wu M, Fu P, Klok Matthesen S, Klok Matthesen S, Larsen T, Guldager Lauridsen T, Vase H, Gjorup Holland P, Nykjaer KM, Nielsen S, Bjerregaard Pedersen E, Blazquez-Medela A, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Garcia-Sanchez O, Quiros Y, Montero MJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Vink E, Willemien V, Michiel V, Wilko S, Evert-Jan V, Blankestijn P, Zerbi S, Pedrini LA, Zbroch E, Zbroch E, Malyszko J, Malyszko J, Koc-Zorawska E, Mysliwiec M, Quelhas-Santos J, Quelhas-Santos J, Serrao P, Soares-Silva I, Tang L, Sampaio-Maia B, Desir G, Pestana M, Elsurer R, Demir T, Celik G, Yavas M, Yavas O, Murphy M, Jacquillet G, Unwin RJ, Chichger H, Shirley DG, Caraba A, Andreea M, Corina S, Ioan R, Nowicki M, Bobik M, Pawelec A, Lacisz J, Zapala A, Bryc K, Esposito C, Scaramuzzi ML, Manini A, Torreggiani M, Beneventi F, Spinillo A, Grosjean F, Fasoli G, Dal Canton A, Christos C, Christos C, Bernhard M.W. S, Martin N, Jan K, Claus M, Leyla R, Jan B, Ulrich K, Hermann H, Menne J, Pavicevic M, Pavicevic M, Markovic S, Igrutinovic Z. Hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Xu D, Axelsson J, Kang BN, Sriramarao P, Handel TM, Ley K, Esko JD. Alteration of heparan sulfate 2‐O‐sulfation in endothelial cells enhances neutrophil infiltration in mice. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xu
- Cellular and Molecular MedicineUCSDLa JollaCA
| | | | - Bit Na Kang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Minnesota, St. PaulSt. PauMN
| | - P Sriramarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Minnesota, St. PaulSt. PauMN
| | - Tracy M. Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceUCSDLa JollaCA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation BiologyLa Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCA
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Thelin MA, Svensson KJ, Shi X, Bagher M, Axelsson J, Isinger-Ekstrand A, van Kuppevelt TH, Johansson J, Nilbert M, Zaia J, Belting M, Maccarana M, Malmström A. Dermatan sulfate is involved in the tumorigenic properties of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1943-52. [PMID: 22350411 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix, either produced by cancer cells or by cancer-associated fibroblasts, influences angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans, which occur both in the matrix and at the cell surface, play important roles in these processes. The unique feature that distinguishes DS from CS is the presence of iduronic acid (IdoA) in DS. Here, we report that CS/DS is increased five-fold in human biopsies of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as compared with normal tissue. The main IdoA-producing enzyme, DS epimerase 1 (DS-epi1), together with the 6-O- and 4-O-sulfotransferases, were highly upregulated in ESCC biopsies. Importantly, CS/DS structure in patient tumors was significantly altered compared with normal tissue, as determined by sensitive mass spectrometry. To further understand the roles of IdoA in tumor development, DS-epi1 expression, and consequently IdoA content, was downregulated in ESCC cells. IdoA-deficient cells exhibited decreased migration and invasion capabilities in vitro, which was associated with reduced cellular binding of hepatocyte growth factor, inhibition of pERK-1/2 signaling, and deregulated actin cytoskeleton dynamics and focal adhesion formation. Our findings show that IdoA in DS influences tumorigenesis by affecting cancer cell behavior. Therefore, downregulation of IdoA by DS-epi1 inhibitors may represent a new anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Thelin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center D12, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Axelsson J, Torosean S, Maytin E, Hasan T, Pogue B. The influence of bulk optical properties on photosensitizer quantification using an ultrasound-guided fluorescence tomography instrument. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Axelsson J, Davis S, Gladstone D, Pogue B. SU-E-T-211: Optical Fluorescence Monitoring during External Beam Radiation Therapy Using Cerenkov Emission as Excitation Source. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Konda R, Osawa T, Nozawa T, Sugimura J, Fujioka T, Ishimoto Y, Ohki T, Uchida L, Kotera N, Tanaka M, Tanaka S, Sugimoto T, Mise N, Wu HY, Ko MJ, Yang JY, Hu FC, Chen SI, Jee SH, Chiu HC, Zumrutdal A, Hur E, Toz H, Ozkahya M, Usta M, Kayikcioglu LM, Sezis M, Asci G, Kahvecioglu S, Duman S, Ok E, Sakaguchi Y, Sonoda M, Kawabata H, Niihata K, Suzuki A, Shoji T, Tsubakihara Y, Emami Naini A, Moradi M, Mortazavi M, Shirani F, Gholamrezaei A, Demir S, San M, Koken T, Seok SJ, Gil HW, Yang JO, Lee EY, Hong SY, Stavroulopoulos A, Kossivakis A, Aresti V, Stamogiannos G, Kalliaropoulos A, Mentis A, Azak A, Huddam B, Kocak G, Altas AB, Sakaci M, Yalcin F, Ortabozkoyun L, Duranay M, Korukluoglu G, Eitner F, Scheithauer S, Mankartz J, Haefner H, Nowicki K, Floege J, Lemmen S, Hara S, Tanaka K, Suwabe T, Ubara Y, Takaichi K, Deleuze S, Bargnoux AS, Rivory JP, Rouanet C, Maurice F, Selcer I, Cristol JP, Dou Y, Thijssen S, Ouellet G, Kruse A, Rosales L, Kotanto P, Levin NW, Shahidi S, Sajjadieh S, Gholamrezaei A, Scholmann T, Straub M, Wagner D, Fliser D, Sester M, Sester U, Sikole A, Trajceska L, Selim G, Gelev S, Dzekova P, Amitov V, Arsov S, Strempska B, Bilinska M, Weyde W, Koszewicz M, Madziarska K, Golebiowski T, Klinger M, Ochi A, Ishimura E, Tsujimoto Y, Kakiya R, Tabata T, Mori K, Shoji T, Yasuda H, Nishizawa Y, Inaba M, Ezeonyeji A, Borg F, Harnett P, Dasgupta B, Raikou VD, Kyriaki D, Zeggos N, Skalioti C, Tzanatou H, Boletis JN, Viaene L, Meijers B, Bammens B, Vanrenterghem Y, Vanderschueren D, Evenepoel P, Ryu DR, An HR, Ryu JH, Yu M, Kim SJ, Kang DH, Choi KB, Miyamoto T, Rashid Qureshi A, Anderstam B, Yamamoto T, Alvestrand A, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Axelsson J, Zitt E, Manamley N, Vervloet M, Georgianos P, Sarafidis P, Kanaki A, Divani M, Haidich AB, Sioulis A, Liakopoulos V, Papagianni A, Nikolaidis P, Lasaridis A, Morgado E, Pinho A, Guedes A, Guerreiro R, Mendes P, Bexiga I, Silva A, Marques J, Neves P. Pathophysiology and clinical studies in CKD 5D. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Broström R, Bengtsson P, Axelsson J. Correlation between safety assessments in the driver-car interaction design process. Appl Ergon 2011; 42:575-582. [PMID: 21074141 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
With the functional revolution in modern cars, evaluation methods to be used in all phases of driver-car interaction design have gained importance. It is crucial for car manufacturers to discover and solve safety issues early in the interaction design process. A current problem is thus to find a correlation between the formative methods that are used during development and the summative methods that are used when the product has reached the customer. This paper investigates the correlation between efficiency metrics from summative and formative evaluations, where the results of two studies on sound and navigation system tasks are compared. The first, an analysis of the J.D. Power and Associates APEAL survey, consists of answers given by about two thousand customers. The second, an expert evaluation study, was done by six evaluators who assessed the layouts by task completion time, TLX and Nielsen heuristics. The results show a high degree of correlation between the studies in terms of task efficiency, i.e. between customer ratings and task completion time, and customer ratings and TLX. However, no correlation was observed between Nielsen heuristics and customer ratings, task completion time or TLX. The results of the studies introduce a possibility to develop a usability evaluation framework that includes both formative and summative approaches, as the results show a high degree of consistency between the different methodologies. Hence, combining a quantitative approach with the expert evaluation method, such as task completion time, should be more useful for driver-car interaction design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Broström
- Driver Interaction & Infotainment, Volvo Car Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Akbarshahi H, Axelsson J, Said K, Fischer H, Malmström A, Andersson R. Heparan sulfate-induced pancreatic inflammatory response is TLR4 dependent (162.2). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.162.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Degraded extracellular matrix can stimulate the innate immune system via the Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4). In the pancreas, heparan sulfate (HS) on syndecan anchored in the ductal epithelium, can be cleaved off by enzymes and potentially activate TLR4 signalling. To investigate these signalling events, we infused heparan sulfate (HS) into the pancreatic duct of the mice. Phosphate-buffered saline and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)were used as controls. The wild type C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 48 hours. To study the downstream TLR4 signalling pathway of HS in the pancreas, genetically engineered mice lacking TLR4, MyD88 or IRF3 were used. Neutrophil sequestration and myeloperoxidase activity in the pancreas were increased 9 hours following HS challenge. However, in TLR4, MyD88, and IRF3 knockout mice the neutrophil recruitment and myeloperoxidase activity were abrogated in the HS group while the LPS response was only abolished in TLR4 and MyD88 knockouts. In wild type mice, the monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 increased at 3 hours after infusion while RANTES increased after 9 hours. In conclusion, we have shown that HS is capable of initiating an innate immune response in the pancreas distinctly different from that induced by LPS. Furthermore, the data shows that the inflammatory response is TLR4 dependent and mediated through both MyD88-dependent and independent pathways. Thus, heparan sulfate is potentially involved in the ductal defense in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans Fischer
- 2Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
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Zhu M, Li Y, Xia Q, Wang S, Qiu Y, Che M, Dai H, Qian J, Ni Z, Axelsson J, Yan Y. Strong impact of acute kidney injury on survival after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:3634-8. [PMID: 21094830 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). In an evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria in liver transplanted patients, we retrospectively analyzed the usefulness of these criteria to predict survival of 193 consecutive patients at a single center who underwent primary OLT for clinical parameters and peak AKI. Postoperative AKI according to AKIN occurred in 60.1% of the patients, namely, stages 1, 2, and 3 in 30%, 13% and 17.1% respectively. Using multivariate logistic regression, AKIN stage 1 and 2 AKI were independently associated with the pre-OLT Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and age, while stage 3 AKI was independently associated with MELD and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores. The 28-day and 1-year mortality post-OLT of AKI patients were 15.5% and 25.9% respectively compared with 0% and 3.9% among non-AKI patients (P < .05 for both). The survival rates of non-AKI and stages 1, 2, and 3 AKI subjects were 96%, 85.5%, 84%, and 45.3%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed independent risk factors for mortality during the first year after transplantation to include post-OLT AKI (12.1; P < .05), post-OLT infection (HR 4.7; P < .01), pre-OLT hypertension (HR 4.4; P < .01) hazard ratio [HR] and post-OLT APACHE II ≥10 (HR 3.6; P < .05). We concluded that AKI as defined by the AKIN criteria is a major complication of OLT linked to a poor outcomes. It remains to be evaluated whether aggressive perioperative therapy to prevent AKI can improve survival among OLT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhu
- Renal Division, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Axelsson J, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Giwercman A. No secular trend over the last decade in sperm counts among Swedish men from the general population. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1012-6. [PMID: 21382832 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on historical data, a decline in sperm counts during the years 1940-1990 has been suggested and aetiologically linked to a concomitant increase in the incidence of testicular cancer. This study, focusing on possible changes in sperm parameters among young Swedish men, during the past 10 years, was specifically designed in order to answer the question of whether there is a continuing decline in sperm counts. METHODS During the period 2008-2010, 295 young (17-20 years; median 18) men born and raised in Sweden were recruited at the age they were supposed to undergo medical examination prior to military service. The participants filled in questionnaires, underwent andrological examination and delivered an ejaculate. Their semen parameters were compared with those of a similar cohort of men (n = 216) recruited in the year 2000-2001. RESULTS No significant changes (means; 2000-2001 versus 2008-2010) in sperm concentration (78 × 10⁶/ml versus 82 × 10⁶/ml; P = 0.54), semen volume (3.1 ml versus 3.0 ml; P = 0.26) or total sperm counts (220 × 10⁶ versus 250 × 10⁶; P = 0.18) were found. The proportion of progressively motile spermatozoa also remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Between the years 2000 and 2010 we found no evidence of time-related deterioration of semen parameters among young Swedish men from the general population. This finding does not exclude that such a decrease may have taken place before year 2000. If the risk of testicular cancer is linked to the sperm counts, the increase in incidence of this malignancy should be levelling off in southern Sweden in the next 10-15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Axelsson
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
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Axelsson J, Astrom G, Sjolin E, Qureshi AR, Lorente-Cebrian S, Stenvinkel P, Ryden M. Uraemic sera stimulate lipolysis in human adipocytes: role of perilipin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:2485-91. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIM: To study tissue factor (TF) in acute pancreatitis and evaluate the role of TF as a predictive marker of severity.
METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive patients admitted to Lund University Hospital, fulfilling the criteria of predicted severe acute pancreatitis (AP), were recruited prospectively between 2002 and 2004. Blood samples for TF analyses were drawn at inclusion in the study and 12 h, 1 d and 3 d later.
RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients developed mild AP, and 22 patients severe AP. At inclusion in the study, the groups were comparable with respect to gender, aetiology, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and duration of pain. At inclusion in the study and at 12 h, TF was higher in the severe AP group (P = 0.035 and P = 0.049, respectively). After 1 and 3 d, no differences in TF levels were noted. Interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly higher in the severe AP group at all of the studied time points. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in the AP group at 1 and 3 d. In receiver operating characteristic-curves, the area under the curve (AUC) for TF was 0.679 (P = 0.035) at inclusion in the study, and a cut off level for TF of 40 pg/mL showed a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 67%, whereas corresponding AUC for IL-6 was 0.775, P = 0.001, and for CRP was 0.653. IL-6 showed better AUC-values than TF at all time points studied.
CONCLUSION: TF-levels are raised early in severe AP. TF as an early predictive marker of severe AP is superior to CRP, but inferior to IL-6.
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Miyamoto T, Rashid Qureshi A, Yamamoto T, Nakashima A, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Alvestrand A, Axelsson J. Postprandial metabolic response to a fat- and carbohydrate-rich meal in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:2231-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Lin X, Lin A, Ni Z, Yao Q, Zhang W, Yan Y, Fang W, Gu A, Axelsson J, Qian J. Daily peritoneal ultrafiltration predicts patient and technique survival in anuric peritoneal dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2322-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Helander B, Axelsson J, Borg H, Holm K, Bignert A. Ingestion of lead from ammunition and lead concentrations in white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:5555-63. [PMID: 19683793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study we show for the first time that lead poisoning from ammunition is a significant mortality factor for white-tailed sea eagle (WSE) (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden. We analyzed 118 WSEs collected between 1981 and 2004 from which both liver and kidney samples could be taken. A total of 22% of all eagles examined had elevated (>6 microg/gd.w.) lead concentrations, indicating exposure to leaded ammunition, and 14% of the individuals had either liver or kidney lead concentrations diagnostic of lethal lead poisoning (>20 microg/gd.w.). Lead concentrations in liver and kidney were significantly correlated. In individuals with lead levels <6 microg/g, concentrations were significantly higher in kidney than in liver; in individuals with lead levels >20 microg/g, concentrations were significantly higher in liver. The lead isotope ratios indicate that the source of lead in individuals with lethal concentrations is different from that of individuals exhibiting background concentrations of lead (<6 microg/gd.w.) There were no significant sex or age differences in lead concentrations. A study from the Baltic reported in principle no biomagnification of lead, but background lead concentrations in WSE liver in this study were still four to >10 times higher than concentrations reported for Baltic fish from the same time period. In contrast to other biota there was no decrease in lead concentrations in WSE over the study period. The proportion of lead poisoned WSE remained unchanged over the study period, including two years after a partial ban of lead shot was enforced in 2002 for shallow wetlands. The use of lead in ammunition poses a threat to all raptors potentially feeding on shot game or offal. The removal of offal from shot game and alternatives to leaded ammunition needs to be implemented in order to prevent mortality from lead in raptors and scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Helander
- Department of Contaminant Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cordeiro AC, Qureshi AR, Stenvinkel P, Heimburger O, Axelsson J, Barany P, Lindholm B, Carrero JJ. Abdominal fat deposition is associated with increased inflammation, protein-energy wasting and worse outcome in patients undergoing haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 25:562-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Asgeirsson D, Axelsson J, Rippe C, Rippe B. Similarity of permeabilities for Ficoll, pullulan, charge-modified albumin and native albumin across the rat peritoneal membrane. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009; 196:427-33. [PMID: 19141139 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.01955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Compared to neutral globular proteins, neutral polysaccharides, such as dextran, pullulan and Ficoll, appear hyperpermeable across the glomerular filtration barrier. This has been attributed to an increased flexibility and/or asymmetry of polysaccharides. The present study investigates whether polysaccharides are hyperpermeable also across the continuous capillaries in the rat peritoneum. METHODS In anaesthetized Wistar rats, FITC-Ficoll or FITC-pullulan together with (125)I-human serum albumin (RISA) or neutralized (125)I-bovine serum albumin (nBSA) were given intravenously, after which peritoneal dialysis (PD) using conventional PD fluid (Gambrosol 1.5%) was performed for 120 min. Concentrations of FITC-polysaccharides and radioactive albumin species in plasma and dialysis fluid were analysed with high-performance size exclusion chromatography and a gamma counter respectively. Transperitoneal clearance values were calculated for polysaccharides in the molecular radius range 36-150 A, and for RISA and nBSA. RESULTS Ficoll and pullulan showed more or less identical permeabilities, compared to RISA and nBSA, across the peritoneal membrane. Although RISA-clearance, 5.50 +/- 0.28 (microL min(-1); +/-SEM), tended to be lower than the clearances of Ficoll(36A) (6.55 +/- 0.25), pullulan(36A) (6.08 +/- 0.22) and nBSA (6.56 +/- 0.23), the difference was not statistically significant. This is in contrast to the hyperpermeability exhibited by polysaccharides across the glomerular filtration barrier and also contrasts with the charge selectivity of the latter. CONCLUSION The phenomenon of molecular flexibility is more important for a macromolecule's permeability through the glomerular filter than across the continuous peritoneal capillary endothelium. Furthermore, it seems that charge plays a subordinate role in the steady-state transport across the combined peritoneal capillary-interstitial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Asgeirsson
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Andersson R, Axelsson J, Norrman G, Wang X. Gut barrier failure in critical illness: Lessons learned from acute pancreatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17471060500233034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Axelsson J, Andersson E, Andersson R, Lasson Å. Nuclear factor-κB activation in response to active site-inhibited factor VIIa pretreatment during acute pancreatitis in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17471060801886167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Guo Q, Carrero JJ, Yu X, Barany P, Qureshi AR, Eriksson M, Anderstam B, Chmielewski M, Heimburger O, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Axelsson J. Associations of VEGF and its receptors sVEGFR-1 and -2 with cardiovascular disease and survival in prevalent haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:3468-73. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Chmielewski M, Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Axelsson J, Heimbürger O, Berglund L, Bárány P, Rutkowski B, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Temporal discrepancies in the association between the apoB/apoA-I ratio and mortality in incident dialysis patients. J Intern Med 2009; 265:708-16. [PMID: 19298498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the general population, a high apoB/apoA-I ratio is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, whether this is the case in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is currently unknown. STUDY DESIGN The apoB/apoA-I ratio was evaluated in 391 incident CKD stage 5 patients examined close to dialysis initiation, and again after 1 year of dialysis in a subgroup of 182 patients, subsequently followed for up to 3 years. RESULTS Baseline values of the apoB/apoA-I ratio as well as changes in the ratio during the first year of dialysis correlated with body mass index (BMI) and fat mass. The baseline apoB/apoA-I ratio showed no association with 4-year mortality. However, after adjustment for confounders, a high apoB/apoA-I ratio (>0.9) predicted short-term (first year) survival [hazard ratio (HR): 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.85)] and long-term (next 3 years) mortality (HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.01-2.96). An increase in the apoB/apoA-I ratio during the first year of dialysis was linked to a survival advantage thereafter (HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.22-0.98). However, this association lost its significance (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.26-1.36) after adjustment for indices of protein-energy wasting. CONCLUSIONS A high apoB/apoA-I ratio and an increase in this ratio during the first year on dialysis were associated with short-term survival advantage in CKD patients. This paradoxical relationship represents an example of the so-called reverse epidemiology phenomenon in CKD patients and suggests that the apoB/apoA-I ratio should always be interpreted with caution in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chmielewski
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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