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Li P, Roos S, Luo H, Ji B, Nielsen J. Metabolic engineering of human gut microbiome: Recent developments and future perspectives. Metab Eng 2023; 79:1-13. [PMID: 37364774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota is associated with human health and disease. Manipulation of the gut microbiota, e.g. supplementation of probiotics, has been suggested to be feasible, but subject to limited therapeutic efficacy. To develop efficient microbiota-targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, metabolic engineering has been applied to construct genetically modified probiotics and synthetic microbial consortia. This review mainly discusses commonly adopted strategies for metabolic engineering in the human gut microbiome, including the use of in silico, in vitro, or in vivo approaches for iterative design and construction of engineered probiotics or microbial consortia. Especially, we highlight how genome-scale metabolic models can be applied to advance our understanding of the gut microbiota. Also, we review the recent applications of metabolic engineering in gut microbiome studies as well as discuss important challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishun Li
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41296, Gothenburg, Sweden; BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Liu Y, Armbrister SA, Okeugo B, Mills TW, Daniel RC, Oh JH, van Pijkeren JP, Park ES, Saleh ZM, Lahiri S, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Probiotic-Derived Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Produces Anti-Inflammatory Adenosine Metabolites in Treg-Deficient Scurfy Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1001-1013. [PMID: 37178405 PMCID: PMC10926147 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM 17938) prolongs the survival of Treg-deficient scurfy (SF) mice and reduces multiorgan inflammation by a process requiring adenosine receptor 2A (A2A) on T cells. We hypothesized that L. reuteri-derived ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'NT) activity acts to generate adenosine, which may be a central mediator for L. reuteri protection in SF mice. We evaluated DSM 17938-5'NT activity and the associated adenosine and inosine levels in plasma, gut, and liver of SF mice. We examined orally fed DSM 17938, DSM 17938Δ5NT (with a deleted 5'NT gene), and DSM 32846 (BG-R46) (a naturally selected strain derived from DSM 17938). Results showed that DSM 17938 and BG-R46 produced adenosine while "exhausting" AMP, whereas DSM 17938∆5NT did not generate adenosine in culture. Plasma 5'NT activity was increased by DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not by DSM 17938Δ5NT in SF mice. BG-R46 increased both adenosine and inosine levels in the cecum of SF mice. DSM 17938 increased adenosine levels, whereas BG-R46 increased inosine levels in the liver. DSM 17938Δ5NT did not significantly change the levels of adenosine or inosine in the GI tract or the liver of SF mice. Although regulatory CD73+CD8+ T cells were decreased in spleen and blood of SF mice, these regulatory T cells could be increased by orally feeding DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not DSM 17938Δ5NT. In conclusion, probiotic-5'NT may be a central mediator of DSM 17938 protection against autoimmunity. Optimal 5'NT activity from various probiotic strains could be beneficial in treating Treg-associated immune disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shabba A Armbrister
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beanna Okeugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting W Mills
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rhea C Daniel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jee-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Evelyn S Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zeina M Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sharmistha Lahiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - JMarc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Öhnstedt E, Vågesjö E, Fasth A, Lofton Tomenius H, Dahg P, Jönsson S, Tyagi N, Åström M, Myktybekova Z, Ringstad L, Jorvid M, Frank P, Hedén P, Roos S, Phillipson M. Engineered bacteria to accelerate wound healing: an adaptive, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human phase 1 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 60:102014. [PMID: 37251631 PMCID: PMC10220316 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired wound healing is a growing medical problem and very few approved drugs with documented clinical efficacy are available. CXCL12-expressing lactic acid bacteria, Limosilactobacillus reuteri (ILP100-Topical), has been demonstrated to accelerate wound healing in controlled preclinical models. In this first-in-human study, the primary objective was to determine safety and tolerability of the drug candidate ILP100-Topical, while secondary objectives included assessments of clinical and biologic effects on wound healing by traditionally accepted methods and explorative and traceable assessments. Methods SITU-SAFE is an adaptive, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human phase 1 trial (EudraCT 2019-000680-24) consisting of a single (SAD) and a multiple ascending dose (MAD) part of three dose cohorts each. The study was performed at the Phase 1 Unit, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Data in this article were collected between Sep 20th, 2019 and Oct 20th 2021. In total 240 wounds were induced on the upper arms in 36 healthy volunteers. SAD: 12 participants, 4 wounds (2/arm), MAD: 24 participants, 8 wounds (4/arm). Wounds in each participant were randomised to treatment with placebo/saline or ILP100-Topical. Findings In all individuals and doses, ILP100-Topical was safe and well-tolerated with no systemic exposure. A combined cohort analysis showed a significantly larger proportion of healed wounds (p = 0.020) on Day 32 by multi-dosing of ILP100-Topical when compared to saline/placebo (76% (73/96) and 59% (57/96) healed wounds, respectively). In addition, time to first registered healing was shortened by 6 days on average, and by 10 days at highest dose. ILP100-Topical increased the density of CXCL12+ cells in the wounds and local wound blood perfusion. Interpretation The favourable safety profile and observed effects on wound healing support continued clinical development of ILP100-Topical for the treatment of complicated wounds in patients. Funding Ilya Pharma AB (Sponsor), H2020 SME Instrument Phase II (#804438), Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Öhnstedt
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evelina Vågesjö
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Fasth
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Pia Dahg
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Jönsson
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nisha Tyagi
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Åström
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lovisa Ringstad
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareth Jorvid
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Frank
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 30, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Hedén
- Sofiahemmet, Valhallavägen 91, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Liu Y, Armbrister SA, Okeugo B, Mills TW, Daniel RC, Oh JH, Pijkeren JP, Park ES, Saleh ZM, Lahiri S, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Probiotic-derived ecto-5'-nucleotidase produces anti-inflammatory adenosine metabolites in Treg-deficient scurfy mice. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2781715. [PMID: 37066419 PMCID: PMC10104250 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2781715/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM 17938) prolonges the survival of Treg-deficient scurfy (SF) mice and reduces multiorgan inflammation by a process requiring adenosine receptor 2A (A 2A ) on T cells. We hypothesized that L. reuteri -derived ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'NT) activity acts to generate adenosine, which may be a central mediator for L. reuteri protection in SF mice. We evaluated DSM 17938-5'NT activity and the associated adenosine and inosine levels in plasma, gut and liver of SF mice. We examined orally fed DSM 17938, DSM 17938Δ5NT (with a deleted 5'NT gene), and DSM 32846 (BG-R46) (a naturally selected strain derived from DSM 17938). Results showed that DSM 17938 and BG-R46 produced adenosine while "exhausting" AMP, whereas DSM 17938∆5NT did not generate adenosine in culture. Plasma 5'NT activity was increased by DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not by DSM 17938Δ5NT in SF mice. BG-R46 increased both adenosine and inosine levels in the cecum of SF mice. DSM 17938 increased adenosine levels, whereas BG-R46 increased inosine levels in the liver. DSM 17938Δ5NT did not significantly change the levels of adenosine or inosine in the GI tract or the liver of SF mice. Although regulatory CD73 + CD8 + T cells were decreased in spleen and blood of SF mice, these regulatory T cells could be increased by orally feeding DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not DSM 17938Δ5NT. In conclusion, probiotic-5'NT may be a central mediator of DSM 17938 protection against autoimmunity. Optimal 5'NT activity from various probiotic strains could be beneficial in treating Treg-associated immune disorders in humans.
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Sendelius M, Axelsson J, Liu P, Roos S. Genomic, phenotypic, and clinical safety of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad041. [PMID: 37974056 PMCID: PMC10689046 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the safety of probiotic microorganisms is an important part of the development of probiotic products. In this study, we have performed a systematic safety assessment of Limosilactobacillus reuteri American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) PTA 4659 based on genome analysis, antibiotic susceptibility testing, phenotypic characterization, and a human clinical safety study. Genome sequence analysis showed that the strain is free from virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Connected to this, phenotypic characterization showed that the strain is susceptible to the main classes of antibiotics. Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 was shown to produce histamine, which has previously been described as an anti-inflammatory mediator produced by certain L. reuteri strains. However, the amount of histamine, a biogenic amine, poses no safety concern of a potential product. The strain was investigated in a human clinical safety study and was shown to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract, both when administered at high [1 × 1011 colony-forming units (CFU)/day] and low doses (1 × 109 CFU/day). The clinical safety evaluation showed that the doses administered are safe for human consumption. Furthermore, carbohydrate utilization, mucus adhesion, and tolerance to acid and bile were studied. It was shown that L. reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 has a very high adhesion to mucus and tolerance to both gastric pH and bile, all potentially important properties for a probiotic strain. Altogether, this study has demonstrated that Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 is safe for human consumption and along with its phenotypic characteristics and previously described anti-inflammatory effects, makes it a promising strain for future probiotic development. NCT01033539.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peidi Liu
- MetaboGen, SE- 411 26, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- BioGaia AB, SE- 103 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE- 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Vitale I, Spano M, Puca V, Carradori S, Cesa S, Marinacci B, Sisto F, Roos S, Grompone G, Grande R. Antibiofilm activity and NMR-based metabolomic characterization of cell-free supernatant of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128275. [PMID: 36891385 PMCID: PMC9986594 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial biofilm has been defined as a "key virulence factor" for a multitude of microorganisms associated with chronic infections. Its multifactorial nature and variability, as well as an increase in antimicrobial resistance, suggest the need to identify new compounds as alternatives to the commonly used antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiofilm activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) and its sub-fractions (SurE 10 K with a molecular weight <10 kDa and SurE with a molecular weight <30 kDa), produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, vs. biofilm-producing bacterial species. The minimum inhibitory biofilm concentration (MBIC) and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were determined via three different methods and an NMR metabolomic analysis of CFS and SurE 10K was performed to identify and quantify several compounds. Finally, the storage stability of these postbiotics was evaluated by a colorimetric assay by analyzing changes in the CIEL*a*b parameters. The CFS showed a promising antibiofilm activity against the biofilm developed by clinically relevant microorganisms. The NMR of CFS and SurE 10K identifies and quantifies several compounds, mainly organic acids and amino acids, with lactate being the most abundant metabolite in all the analyzed samples. The CFS and SurE 10 K were characterized by a similar qualitative profile, with the exception of formate and glycine detected only in the CFS. Finally, the CIEL*a*b parameters assess the better conditions to analyze and use these matrices for the correct preservation of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vitale
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mattia Spano
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marinacci
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Sisto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Pang Y, Ermann Lundberg L, Mata Forsberg M, Ahl D, Bysell H, Pallin A, Sverremark-Ekström E, Karlsson R, Jonsson H, Roos S. Extracellular membrane vesicles from Limosilactobacillus reuteri strengthen the intestinal epithelial integrity, modulate cytokine responses and antagonize activation of TRPV1. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1032202. [PMID: 36466671 PMCID: PMC9712456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1032202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles (MV) are potent mediators of microbe-host signals, and they are not only important in host-pathogen interactions but also for the interactions between mutualistic bacteria and their hosts. Studies of MV derived from probiotics could enhance the understanding of these universal signal entities, and here we have studied MV derived from Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and BG-R46. The production of MV increased with cultivation time and after oxygen stress. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses revealed that the MV carried a large number of bacterial cell surface proteins, several predicted to be involved in host-bacteria interactions. A 5'-nucleotidase, which catalyze the conversion of AMP into the signal molecule adenosine, was one of these and analysis of enzymatic activity showed that L. reuteri BG-R46 derived MV exhibited the highest activity. We also detected the TLR2 activator lipoteichoic acid on the MV. In models for host interactions, we first observed that L. reuteri MV were internalized by Caco-2/HT29-MTX epithelial cells, and in a dose-dependent manner decreased the leakage caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by up to 65%. Furthermore, the MV upregulated IL-1β and IL-6 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but also dampened IFN-γ and TNF-α responses in PBMC challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, we showed that MV from the L. reuteri strains have an antagonistic effect on the pain receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in a model with primary dorsal root ganglion cells from rats. In summary, we have shown that these mobile nanometer scale MV reproduce several biological effects of L. reuteri cells and that the production parameters and selection of strain have an impact on the activity of the MV. This could potentially provide key information for development of innovative and more efficient probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pang
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ludwig Ermann Lundberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mata Forsberg
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anton Pallin
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nanoxis Consulting AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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Öhnstedt E, Donas Cuadra C, Lofton Tomenius H, Frank P, Vågesjö E, Roos S, Phillipson M. Reverting Colitis Symptoms by Oral Administration of
L. reuteri
Expressing CXCL12 Acting Through Novel Pathway Demonstrated in Two Experimental Animal Models. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.l7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Öhnstedt
- Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsala
- Ilya PharmaUppsala
| | | | | | | | - Evelina Vågesjö
- Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsala
- Ilya PharmaUppsala
| | - Stefan Roos
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsala
- The Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsala
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9
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Öhnstedt E, Lofton Tomenius H, Frank P, Roos S, Vågesjö E, Phillipson M. Accelerated Wound Healing in Minipigs by On-Site Production and Delivery of CXCL12 by Transformed Lactic Acid Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020229. [PMID: 35213962 PMCID: PMC8876577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-healing wounds are a growing medical problem and result in considerable suffering. The lack of pharmaceutical treatment options reflects the multistep wound healing process, and the complexity of both translation and assessment of treatment efficacy. We previously demonstrated accelerated healing of full-thickness wounds in mice following topical application of the probiotic bacteria Limosilactobacillus reuteri R2LC transformed to express CXCL12. In this study, safety and biological effects of a freeze-dried formulation of CXCL12-producing L. reuteri (ILP100) were investigated in induced full-thickness wounds in minipigs, and different wound healing evaluation methods (macroscopic, planimetry, 2D-photographs, 3D-scanning, ultrasound) were compared. We found that treatment with ILP100 was safe and accelerated healing, as granulation tissue filled wound cavities 1 day faster in treated compared to untreated/placebo-treated wounds. Furthermore, evaluation using planimetry resulted in 1.5 days faster healing than using 2D photographs of the same wounds, whereas the areas measured using 2D photographs were smaller compared to those obtained from 3D scans accounting for surface curvatures, whereas ultrasound imaging enabled detailed detection of thin epithelial layers. In conclusion, topical administration of the drug candidate ILP100 warrants further clinical development as it was proven to be safe and to accelerate healing using different evaluation methods in minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Öhnstedt
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.Ö.); (H.L.T.); (E.V.)
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Hava Lofton Tomenius
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.Ö.); (H.L.T.); (E.V.)
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Peter Frank
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Evelina Vågesjö
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.Ö.); (H.L.T.); (E.V.)
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.Ö.); (H.L.T.); (E.V.)
- The Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Liu HY, Giraud A, Seignez C, Ahl D, Guo F, Sedin J, Walden T, Oh JH, van Pijkeren JP, Holm L, Roos S, Bertilsson S, Phillipson M. Distinct B cell subsets in Peyer's patches convey probiotic effects by Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Microbiome 2021; 9:198. [PMID: 34602091 PMCID: PMC8487498 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs) form unique niches for bacteria-immune cell interactions that direct host immunity and shape the microbiome. Here we investigate how peroral administration of probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri R2LC affects B lymphocytes and IgA induction in the PPs, as well as the downstream consequences on intestinal microbiota and susceptibility to inflammation. RESULTS The B cells of PPs were separated by size to circumvent activation-dependent cell identification biases due to dynamic expression of markers, which resulted in two phenotypically, transcriptionally, and spatially distinct subsets: small IgD+/GL7-/S1PR1+/Bcl6, CCR6-expressing pre-germinal center (GC)-like B cells with innate-like functions located subepithelially, and large GL7+/S1PR1-/Ki67+/Bcl6, CD69-expressing B cells with strong metabolic activity found in the GC. Peroral L. reuteri administration expanded both B cell subsets and enhanced the innate-like properties of pre-GC-like B cells while retaining them in the sub-epithelial compartment by increased sphingosine-1-phosphate/S1PR1 signaling. Furthermore, L. reuteri promoted GC-like B cell differentiation, which involved expansion of the GC area and autocrine TGFβ-1 activation. Consequently, PD-1-T follicular helper cell-dependent IgA induction and production was increased by L. reuteri, which shifted the intestinal microbiome and protected against dextran-sulfate-sodium induced colitis and dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS The Peyer's patches sense, enhance and transmit probiotic signals by increasing the numbers and effector functions of distinct B cell subsets, resulting in increased IgA production, altered intestinal microbiota, and protection against inflammation. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Antoine Giraud
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cedric Seignez
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Feilong Guo
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Sedin
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Walden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jee-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - Lena Holm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Luo H, Li P, Wang H, Roos S, Ji B, Nielsen J. Genome-scale insights into the metabolic versatility of Limosilactobacillus reuteri. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:46. [PMID: 34330235 PMCID: PMC8325179 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limosilactobacillus reuteri (earlier known as Lactobacillus reuteri) is a well-studied lactic acid bacterium, with some specific strains used as probiotics, that exists in different hosts such as human, pig, goat, mouse and rat, with multiple body sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, breast milk and mouth. Numerous studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of orally administered specific L. reuteri strains, such as preventing bone loss and promoting regulatory immune system development. L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 is a widely used strain that has been applied in the market as a probiotic due to its positive effects on the human host. Its health benefits may be due, in part, to the production of beneficial metabolites. Considering the strain-specific effects and genetic diversity of L. reuteri strains, we were interested to study the metabolic versatility of these strains. RESULTS In this study, we aimed to systematically investigate the metabolic features and diversities of L. reuteri strains by using genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs). The GEM of L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 was reconstructed with a template-based method and curated manually. The final GEM iHL622 of L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 contains 894 reactions and 726 metabolites linked to 622 metabolic genes, which can be used to simulate growth and amino acids utilization. Furthermore, we built GEMs for the other 35 L. reuteri strains from three types of hosts. The comparison of the L. reuteri GEMs identified potential metabolic products linked to the adaptation to the host. CONCLUSIONS The GEM of L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 can be used to simulate metabolic capabilities and growth. The core and pan model of 35 L. reuteri strains shows metabolic capacity differences both between and within the host groups. The GEMs provide a reliable basis to investigate the metabolism of L. reuteri in detail and their potential benefits on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peishun Li
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,BioInnovation Institute, Ole Måløes Vej 3, DK2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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12
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Liu Y, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Park ES, Freeborn J, Luo M, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG differentially affect gut microbes and metabolites in mice with Treg deficiency. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G969-G981. [PMID: 33787352 PMCID: PMC8285589 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00072.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Treg deficiency causes a lethal, CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmune disease called IPEX syndrome (immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, with X-linked inheritance) in humans and in the scurfy (SF) mouse, a mouse model of the disease. Feeding Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938, LR) to SF mice reprograms the gut microbiota, reduces disease progression, and prolongs lifespan. However, the efficacy and mechanism of LR, compared with other probiotics, in producing these effects is unknown. We compared LR with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), an extensively investigated probiotic. LR was more effective than LGG in prolonging survival. Both probiotics restored the fecal microbial alpha diversity, but they produced distinct fecal bacterial clusters and differentially modulated microbial relative abundance (RA). LR increased the RA of phylum_Firmicutes, genus_Oscillospira whereas LR reduced phylum_Bacteroidetes, genus_Bacteroides and genus_Parabacteroides, reversing changes attributed to the SF phenotype. LGG primarily reduced the RA of genus_Bacteroides. Both LR and LGG reduced the potentially pathogenic taxon class_γ-proteobacteria. Plasma metabolomics revealed substantial differences among 696 metabolites. We observed similar changes of many clusters of metabolites in SF mice associated with treatment with either LR or LGG. However, a unique effect of LR was to increase the abundance of plasma adenosine metabolites such as inosine, which we previously showed had immune modulatory effects. In conclusion: 1) different probiotics produce distinct signatures in the fecal microbial community in mice with Treg deficiency; and 2) when comparing different probiotics, there are strain-specific microbial products with different anti-inflammatory properties, reinforcing the concept that "one size does not fit all" in the treatment of autoimmune disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the treatment of Treg-deficiency-induced autoimmunity, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) showed greater efficacy than Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). The study demonstrated that two different probiotics produce distinct signatures in the fecal microbial community in mice with Treg deficiency, but with many similarities in global plasma metabolites in general. However, there are strain-specific microbial products with different anti-inflammatory properties, reinforcing the concept that "one size does not fit all" in the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Evelyn S Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Eriksson-Liebon M, Roos S, Hellström I. Patients' expectations and experiences of being involved in their own care in the emergency department: A qualitative interview study. J Clin Nurs 2021; 30:1942-1952. [PMID: 33829575 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To investigate patients' experiences of being involved in their care in the emergency department (ED). BACKGROUND Previous research shows that when patients experience involvement during care visits, this increased their trust in the care, gave a sense of control and promoted their autonomy. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured interviews, using the "Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research" (COREQ) checklist. METHODS Using convenience sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 patients in the ED. RESULTS The study identified four categories: attention and inattention; communication and understanding; varying levels of participation; and inefficient and inaccessible care. The results show that patients expected to be treated with respect and to be involved in an open dialogue about their care. Patients' experiences of participation were related to their sense of control. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of the study, the authors found that factors such as dialogue, information, attention and participation affected the patients' involvement during the ED visit. Experiences of involvement and control were linked to patients' experiences of care and of patients as individuals. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare providers' awareness of the importance of paying attention to the patient as an individual, and of the need for simple, continuous communication could facilitate patient involvement in own care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eriksson-Liebon
- Department of Emergency Medicine in Norrköping, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Roos
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - I Hellström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Li F, Cheng CC, Zheng J, Liu J, Quevedo RM, Li J, Roos S, Gänzle MG, Walter J. Limosilactobacillus balticus sp. nov., Limosilactobacillus agrestis sp. nov., Limosilactobacillus albertensis sp. nov., Limosilactobacillus rudii sp. nov. and Limosilactobacillus fastidiosus sp. nov., five novel Limosilactobacillus species isolated from the vertebrate gastrointestinal tract, and proposal of six subspecies of Limosilactobacillus reuteri adapted to the gastrointestinal tract of specific vertebrate hosts. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:004644. [PMID: 33533708 PMCID: PMC8346765 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten strains, BG-AF3-AT, pH52_RY, WF-MT5-AT, BG-MG3-A, Lr3000T, RRLNB_1_1, STM3_1T, STM2_1, WF-MO7-1T and WF-MA3-C, were isolated from intestinal or faecal samples of rodents, pheasant and primate. 16S rRNA gene analysis identified them as Limosilactobacillus reuteri. However, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values based on whole genomes were below 95 and 70 %, respectively, and thus below the threshold levels for bacterial species delineation. Based on genomic, chemotaxonomic and morphological analyses, we propose five novel species with the names Limosilactobacillus balticus sp. nov. (type strain BG-AF3-AT=DSM 110574T=LMG 31633T), Limosilactobacillus agrestis sp. nov. (type strain WF-MT5-AT=DSM 110569T=LMG 31629T), Limosilactobacillus albertensis sp. nov. (type strain Lr3000T=DSM 110573T=LMG 31632T), Limosilactobacillus rudii sp. nov. (type strain STM3_1T=DSM 110572T=LMG 31631T) and Limosilactobacillus fastidiosus sp. nov. (type strain WF-MO7-1T=DSM 110576T=LMG 31630T). Core genome phylogeny and experimental evidence of host adaptation of strains of L. reuteri further provide a strong rationale to consider a number of distinct lineages within this species as subspecies. Here we propose six subspecies of L. reuteri: L. reuteri subsp. kinnaridis subsp. nov. (type strain AP3T=DSM 110703T=LMG 31724T), L. reuteri subsp. porcinus subsp. nov. (type strain 3c6T=DSM 110571T=LMG 31635T), L. reuteri subsp. murium subsp. nov. (type strain lpuph1T=DSM 110570T=LMG 31634T), L. reuteri subsp. reuteri subsp. nov. (type strain F 275T=DSM 20016T=ATCC 23272T), L. reuteri subsp. suis subsp. nov. (type strain 1063T=ATCC 53608T=LMG 31752T) and L. reuteri subsp. rodentium subsp. nov. (type strain 100-23T=DSM 17509T=CIP 109821T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Christopher C. Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- Huazhong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Margain Quevedo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Michael G. Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
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15
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Roos S, Hedberg-Oldfors C, Visuttijai K, Kollberg G, Lindberg C, Darin N, Oldfors A. MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES & METABOLIC MYOPATHIES. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Liu Y, Tian X, He B, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Blanchard E, Freeborn J, Park S, Luo M, Couturier J, Tran DQ, Roos S, Wu G, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 feeding of healthy newborn mice regulates immune responses while modulating gut microbiota and boosting beneficial metabolites. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G824-G838. [PMID: 31482733 PMCID: PMC6962498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00107.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) prevents necrotizing enterocolitis and inhibits regulatory T-cell (Treg)-deficiency-associated autoimmunity in mice. In humans, LR reduces crying time in breastfed infants with colic, modifies severity in infants with acute diarrheal illnesses, and improves pain in children with functional bowel disorders. In healthy breastfed newborns with evolving microbial colonization, it is unclear if early administration of LR can modulate gut microbiota and their metabolites in such a way as to promote homeostasis. We gavaged LR (107 colony-forming units/day, daily) to C57BL/6J mice at age of day 8 for 2 wk. Both male and female mice were investigated in these experiments. We found that feeding LR did not affect clinical phenotype or inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and stool, but LR increased the proportion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestine. LR also increased bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of p_Firmicutes, f_Lachnospiraceae, f_Ruminococcaceae, and genera Clostridium and Candidatus arthromitus, while decreasing the relative abundance of p_Bacteriodetes, f_Bacteroidaceae, f_Verrucomicrobiaceae, and genera Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Akkermansia, and Sutterella. Finally, LR exerted a major impact on the plasma metabolome, upregulating amino acid metabolites formed via the urea, tricarboxylic acid, and methionine cycles and increasing tryptophan metabolism. In conclusion, early oral administration of LR to healthy breastfed mice led to microbial and metabolic changes which could be beneficial to general health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) to healthy breastfed mice promotes intestinal immune tolerance and is linked to proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota. LR upregulates plasma metabolites that are involved in the urea cycle, the TCA cycle, methionine methylation, and the polyamine pathway. Herein, we show that LR given to newborn mice specifically increases levels of tryptophan metabolites and the purine nucleoside adenosine that are known to enhance tolerance to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Baokun He
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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Hoang TK, Freeborn J, Wang T, Mai T, He B, Park S, Tran DQ, Roos S, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Human Breast Milk Promotes the Immunomodulatory Function of Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in the Neonatal Rat Intestine. J Probiotics Health 2019; 7:210. [PMID: 31565666 PMCID: PMC6764460 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8901.19.7.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Breast milk has many growth-promoting and immune-active components, including transforming growth factor-β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, and prebiotics such as the human milk oligosaccharides. Treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR), a probiotic with immunomodulatory functions, significantly increases regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestinal mucosa of newborn suckling rats. In humans, treatment with LR of infants with colic reduces crying optimally if the infants are breast-fed. Therefore, we examined the effects of human breast milk (HBM) on LR-associated immune modulation. METHODS Newborn rats were divided into 8 feeding groups, including dam-fed ± LR (106 CFU/kg bw/day, daily), formula-fed ± LR, formula with 20% (v/v) HBM-fed ± LR, and HBM-fed ± LR. Pups were fed by gavage from d1 to d3 of age. Subsequently, we measured intestinal immune cell profiles, including Tregs and tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) by flow cytometry. We also measured inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattratant (CINC)-1 in intestinal tissue lysates by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION (1) Formula feeding increased intestinal CD3+ T cells, CD4+ helper T (TH) cells and CD11c+ DCs, pro-inflammatory effects which were reversed by HBM. (2) When comparing HBM-fed with formula-fed newborns, HBM supplementation produced a lower percentage of CD4+ TH cells and a higher percentage of CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells, while reducing protein levels of IL-1β and CINC-1 in the intestine. (3) Probiotic LR feeding maximally stimulated the percentage of intestinal Tregs and tDCs when the pups were fed HBM. In conclusion, HBM reduced formula-induced intestinal gut immune activation, and the addition of LR further promoted immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Tu Mai
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Baokun He
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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18
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Hernández A, Larsson CU, Sawicki R, van Niel EWJ, Roos S, Håkansson S. Impact of the fermentation parameters pH and temperature on stress resilience of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. AMB Express 2019; 9:66. [PMID: 31102098 PMCID: PMC6525219 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of culture pH (4.5-6.5) and temperature (32-37 °C) on the stress resilience of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 during freeze-drying and post freeze-drying exposure to low pH (pH 2) and bile salts. Response-surface methodology analysis revealed that freeze-drying survival rates [Formula: see text] were linearly related to pH with the highest survival rate of 80% when cells were cultured at pH 6.5 and the lowest was 40% when cells were cultured at pH 4.5. The analysis further revealed that within the chosen temperature range the culture temperature did not significantly affect the freeze-drying survival rate. However, fermentation at pH 4.5 led to better survival rates when rehydrated cells were exposed to low pH shock or bile salts. Thus, the effect of pH on freeze-drying survival was in contrast to effects on low pH and bile salts stress tolerance. The rationale behind this irreconcilability is based on the responses being dissimilar and are not tuned to each other. Culturing strain DSM 17938 at pH values higher than 5.5 could be a useful option to improve the survivability and increase viable cell numbers in the final freeze-dried product. However, the dissimilar responses for the process- and application parameters tested here suggest that an optimal compromise has to be found in order to obtain the most functional probiotic product possible.
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Karimi S, Jonsson H, Lundh T, Roos S. Lactobacillus reuteri strains protect epithelial barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 monolayers from the detrimental effect of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29368445 PMCID: PMC5789714 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mammals and birds and several strains of this species are known to be effective probiotics. The mechanisms by which L. reuteri confers its health‐promoting effects are far from being fully understood, but protection of the mucosal barrier is thought to be important. Leaky gut is a state of abnormal intestinal permeability with implications for the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal disorders. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) can invade the intestinal mucosa and induce changes in barrier function by producing enterotoxin or by direct invasion of the intestinal epithelium. Our hypothesis was that L. reuteri can protect the mucosal barrier, and the goal of the study was to challenge this hypothesis by monitoring the protective effect of L. reuteri strains on epithelial dysfunction caused by ETEC. Using an infection model based on the porcine intestinal cell line IPEC‐J2, it was demonstrated that pretreatment of the cells with human‐derived L. reuteri strains (ATCC PTA 6475, DSM 17938 and 1563F) and a rat strain (R2LC) reduced the detrimental effect of ETEC in a dose‐dependent manner, as monitored by permeability of FITC‐dextran and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Moreover, the results revealed that ETEC upregulated proinflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNFα and decreased expression of the shorter isoform of ZO‐1 (187 kDa) and E‐cadherin. In contrast, pretreatment with L. reuteri DSM 17938 and 1563F downregulated expression of IL‐6 and TNFα, and led to an increase in production of the longer isoform of ZO‐1 (195 kDa) and maintained E‐cadherin expression. Interestingly, expression of ZO‐1 (187 kDa) was preserved only when the infected cells were pretreated with strain 1563F. These findings demonstrate that L. reuteri strains exert a protective effect against ETEC‐induced mucosal integrity disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Karimi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lundh
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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A Castiblanco G, Yucel-Lindberg T, Roos S, Twetman S. Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on Cell Viability and PGE 2 Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:278-283. [PMID: 28028690 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that probiotic therapy can play a role in the prevention and management of oral inflammatory diseases through immunomodulation and down-regulation of the inflammatory cascade. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and its production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), when exposed to supernatants of two mixed Lactobacillus reuteri strains (ATCC PTA 5289 and DSM 17938). The experiments were conducted in the presence and absence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. L. reuteri strains were grown and the bacterial supernatant was collected. The cell-free supernatant was diluted to concentrations equivalent to the ones produced by 0.5 to 5.0 × 107 CFU/mL bacteria. Cell viability was assessed with the MTT colorimetric assay and the amount of PGE2 in the cell culture medium was determined using the monoclonal enzyme immune assay kits. Our findings showed that none of the L. reuteri supernatants were cytotoxic or affected the viability of HGF. The most concentrated bacterial supernatant stimulated the production of PGE2 by the gingival cells in a significant way in the presence of IL-1β (p < 0.05), suggesting that bacterial products secreted from L. reuteri might play a role in the resolution of inflammation in HGF. Thus, our findings justify further investigations on the influence of probiotic bacteria on gingival inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina A Castiblanco
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Tulay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, SE-141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, Box 7025, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Vizzardelli C, Gindl M, Roos S, Möbs C, Nagl B, Zimmann F, Sexl V, Kenner L, Neunkirchner A, Zlabinger GJ, Pickl WF, Pfützner W, Bohle B. Blocking antibodies induced by allergen-specific immunotherapy ameliorate allergic airway disease in a human/mouse chimeric model. Allergy 2018; 73:851-861. [PMID: 29159964 DOI: 10.1111/all.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) induces specific blocking antibodies (Ab), which are claimed to prevent IgE-mediated reactions to allergens. Additionally, AIT modulates cellular responses to allergens, for example, by desensitizing effector cells, inducing regulatory T and B lymphocytes and immune deviation. It is still enigmatic which of these mechanisms mediate(s) clinical tolerance. We sought to address the role of AIT-induced blocking Ab separately from cellular responses in a chimeric human/mouse model of respiratory allergy. METHODS Nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient γc-/- (NSG) mice received intraperitoneally allergen-reactive PBMC from birch pollen-allergic patients together with birch pollen extract and human IL-4. Engraftment was assessed by flow cytometry. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and bronchial inflammation were analyzed after intranasal challenges with allergen or PBS. Sera collected from patients before and during AIT with birch pollen were added to the allergen prior to intranasal challenge. The IgE-blocking activity of post-AIT sera was assessed in vitro. RESULTS Human cells were detected in cell suspensions of murine lungs and spleens indicating successful humanization. Humanized mice displayed a more pronounced AHR and bronchial inflammation when challenged with allergen compared to negative controls. Post-AIT sera exerted IgE-blocking activity. In contrast to pre-AIT sera, the presence of heterologous and autologous post-AIT sera significantly reduced the allergic airway inflammation and matched their IgE-blocking activity determined in vitro. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that post-AIT sera with IgE-blocking activity ameliorate allergic airway inflammation in a human/mouse chimeric model of respiratory allergy independently of AIT-induced cellular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Vizzardelli
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Gindl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Roos
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - B. Nagl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - F. Zimmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - V. Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - L. Kenner
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR); Vienna Austria
| | - A. Neunkirchner
- Institute of Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - G. J. Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - W. F. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - W. Pfützner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - B. Bohle
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Schellenberger S, Gillgard P, Stare A, Hanning A, Levenstam O, Roos S, Cousins IT. Facing the rain after the phase out: Performance evaluation of alternative fluorinated and non-fluorinated durable water repellents for outdoor fabrics. Chemosphere 2018; 193:675-684. [PMID: 29172158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated durable water repellent (DWR) agents are used to obtain water and stain repellent textiles. Due to the on-going phase-out of DWRs based on side-chain fluorinated polymers (SFP) with "long" perfluoroalkyl chains, the textile industry lacks suitable alternatives with comparable material characteristics. The constant development and optimization of SFPs for textile applications initiated more than half a century ago has resulted in a robust and very efficient DWR-technology and textiles with exceptional hydro- and oleo-phobic properties. The industry is now in the predicament that the long-chain SFPs with the best technical performance have undesirable toxicological and environmental behaviour. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the technical performance of presently available fluorinated and non-fluorinated DWRs as part of a chemical alternatives assessment (CAA). The results are based on a study with synthetic outdoor fabrics treated with alternative DWRs and tested for repellency using industrial standard and complementary methods. Using this approach, the complex structure-property relationships of DWR-polymers could be explained on a molecular level. Both short-chain SFPs and non-fluorinated DWRs showed excellent water repellency and durability in some cases while short-chain SFPs were the more robust of the alternatives to long-chain SFPs. A strong decline in oil repellency and durability with perfluoroalkyl chain length was shown for SFP DWRs. Non-fluorinated alternatives were unable to repel oil, which might limit their potential for substitution in textile application that require repellency towards non-polar liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schellenberger
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Sweden.
| | | | - A Stare
- Swerea IVF AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - O Levenstam
- Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, Sweden
| | - S Roos
- Swerea IVF AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - I T Cousins
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Sweden
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Roos S, Garces de los Fayos Alonso I, Schlederer M, Kothmayer M, Wodarz G, Pusch O, Lagger S, Kenner L. Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor- β Function in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. J Comp Pathol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lebeer S, Bron PA, Marco ML, Van Pijkeren JP, O'Connell Motherway M, Hill C, Pot B, Roos S, Klaenhammer T. Identification of probiotic effector molecules: present state and future perspectives. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 49:217-223. [PMID: 29153882 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Comprehension of underlying mechanisms of probiotic action will support rationale selection of probiotic strains and targeted clinical study design with a higher likelihood of success. This will consequently contribute to better substantiation of health claims. Here, we aim to provide a perspective from a microbiology point of view that such comprehensive understanding is not straightforward. We show examples of well-documented probiotic effector molecules in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, including surface-located molecules such as specific pili, S-layer proteins, exopolysaccharides, muropeptides, as well as more widely produced metabolites such as tryptophan-related and histamine-related metabolites, CpG-rich DNA, and various enzymes such as lactase and bile salt hydrolases. We also present recent advances in genetic tool development, microbiome analyses and model systems, as well as perspectives on how the field could further progress. This opinion is based on a discussion group organized at the annual meeting of the International Scientific Association on Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) in June 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lebeer
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | - Mary O'Connell Motherway
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bruno Pot
- Yakult R&D, Europe, Almere, The Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Roos
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences & BioGaia AB, Sweden
| | - Todd Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
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Roos S, Sofou K, Hedberg-Oldfors C, Kollberg G, Lindgren U, Thomsen C, Asin-Cayuela J, Tulinius M, Oldfors A. Acylcarnitine profile mimicking multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy and a mutation in MT-CO2. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shirsath N, Wagner K, Ober J, Mayer G, Schlederer M, Roos S, Kenner L, Wolf P. 635 PUVA diminishes imiquimod-induced psoriatic phenotype with gene expression signature associated with senescence. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Liu Y, He B, Hoang TK, Wang T, Taylor CM, Tian X, Luo M, Tran DQ, Zhou J, Tatevian N, Luo F, Molina JG, Blackburn MR, Gomez TH, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on Treg-deficiency-induced autoimmunity (IPEX syndrome) via the inosine-adenosine 2A receptors. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.127.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulatory T-cell (Treg) deficiency causes lethal, CD4+T cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Stem cell transplantation is used to treat these diseases, but this procedure is limited by the availability of a suitable donor. The intestinal microbiota drives host immune homeostasis by regulating the development of Treg, Th1 and Th2 cells. It is currently unclear if Treg-deficiency autoimmune disorders can be treated by targeting the enteric microbiota. Our aims are to determine the autoimmunity, gut microbiota, and plasma metabolomics affected by probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR), and to further identify the mechanism of modulated metabolite(s) in suppressing autoimmunity in Treg-deficient scurfy (SF) mice. We demonstrated that Foxp3+Treg deficiency results in gut microbial dysbiosis and autoimmunity over the lifespan of SF mouse. Remodeling microbiota with LR prolonged survival and reduced multi-organ inflammation in SF mice. LR changed the metabolomics profile disrupted by Treg-deficiency with a major effect of restoring levels of the purine metabolite inosine. Feeding inosine itself prolonged life and inhibited multi-organ inflammation by reducing Th1/Th2 cells and their associated cytokines. Mechanistically, the inhibition of inosine on the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vitro depended on adenosine A2A receptors. Both A2A receptor specific antagonist or genetically knockout A2A to SF mice reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of both inosine and LR in vivo. In conclusions, A2A receptors mediate a substantial protective effect of inosine and LR. The LR-modulated-microbiota-inosine-A2A axis might represent a potential avenue for combatting autoimmune diseases mediated by Treg dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | - Baokun He
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | - Thomas K. Hoang
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | - Ting Wang
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | | | | | - Meng Luo
- 2Louisiana State University School of Medicine at New Orleans
| | - Dat Q Tran
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | | | - Nina Tatevian
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | - Fayong Luo
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | - Jose G. Molina
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | - Michael R. Blackburn
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | - Thomas H. Gomez
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
| | - Stefan Roos
- 5Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
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Castiblanco GA, Yucel-Lindberg T, Roos S, Twetman S. Erratum to: Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on Cell Viability and PGE2 Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 9:213. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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He B, Hoang TK, Wang T, Ferris M, Taylor CM, Tian X, Luo M, Tran DQ, Zhou J, Tatevian N, Luo F, Molina JG, Blackburn MR, Gomez TH, Roos S, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Resetting microbiota by Lactobacillus reuteri inhibits T reg deficiency-induced autoimmunity via adenosine A2A receptors. J Exp Med 2016; 214:107-123. [PMID: 27994068 PMCID: PMC5206500 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
He et al. show that T reg deficiency markedly induces autoimmunity and shifts gut microbiota. Remodeling microbiota by Lactobacillus reuteri was found to inhibit autoimmunity via the metabolite inosine, which interacts with the adenosine A2A receptor. This finding establishes a link between the gut microbiota, A2A receptors, and autoimmunity induced by T reg cell deficiency. Regulatory T (T reg) cell deficiency causes lethal, CD4+ T cell–driven autoimmune diseases. Stem cell transplantation is used to treat these diseases, but this procedure is limited by the availability of a suitable donor. The intestinal microbiota drives host immune homeostasis by regulating the differentiation and expansion of T reg, Th1, and Th2 cells. It is currently unclear if T reg cell deficiency–mediated autoimmune disorders can be treated by targeting the enteric microbiota. Here, we demonstrate that Foxp3+ T reg cell deficiency results in gut microbial dysbiosis and autoimmunity over the lifespan of scurfy (SF) mouse. Remodeling microbiota with Lactobacillus reuteri prolonged survival and reduced multiorgan inflammation in SF mice. L. reuteri changed the metabolomic profile disrupted by T reg cell deficiency, and a major effect was to restore levels of the purine metabolite inosine. Feeding inosine itself prolonged life and inhibited multiorgan inflammation by reducing Th1/Th2 cells and their associated cytokines. Mechanistically, the inhibition of inosine on the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vitro depended on adenosine A2A receptors, which were also required for the efficacy of inosine and of L. reuteri in vivo. These results reveal that the microbiota–inosine–A2A receptor axis might represent a potential avenue for combatting autoimmune diseases mediated by T reg cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun He
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030.,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030.,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ting Wang
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030.,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael Ferris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jain Zhou
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nina Tatevian
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Fayong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jose G Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Thomas H Gomez
- Center for Laboratory Animal Medicine and Care, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.,BioGaia AB, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030 .,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yuying Liu
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030 .,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
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Andersson H, Asp NG, Bruce Å, Roos S, Wadström T, Wold AE. Health effects of probiotics and prebiotics A literature review on human studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v45i0.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils-Georg Asp
- Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Åke Bruce
- National Food Administration, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Dept of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torkel Wadström
- Dept of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Agnes E. Wold
- Dept of Clinical Immunology, Goteborg University, Sweden
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Ahl D, Liu H, Schreiber O, Roos S, Phillipson M, Holm L. Lactobacillus reuteri increases mucus thickness and ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 217:300-10. [PMID: 27096537 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether two Lactobacillus reuteri strains (rat-derived R2LC and human-derived ATCC PTA 4659 (4659)) could protect mice against colitis, as well as delineate the mechanisms behind this protection. METHODS Mice were given L. reuteri R2LC or 4659 by gavage once daily for 14 days, and colitis was induced by addition of 3% DSS (dextran sulphate sodium) to drinking water for the last 7 days of this period. The severity of disease was assessed through clinical observations, histological evaluation and ELISA measurements of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines from colonic samples. Mucus thickness was measured in vivo with micropipettes, and tight junction protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Colitis severity was significantly reduced by L. reuteri R2LC or 4659 when evaluated both clinically and histologically. The inflammation markers MPO, IL-1β, IL-6 and mKC (mouse keratinocyte chemoattractant) were increased by DSS and significantly reduced by the L. reuteri strains. The firmly adherent mucus thickness was reduced by DSS, but significantly increased by L. reuteri in both control and DSS-treated mice. Expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 was significantly increased in the bottom of the colonic crypts by L. reuteri R2LC. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that each of the two different L. reuteri strains, one human-derived and one-rat-derived, protects against colitis in mice. Mechanisms behind this protection could at least partly be explained by the increased mucus thickness as well as a tightened epithelium in the stem cell area of the crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - H. Liu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - O. Schreiber
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - S. Roos
- Department of Microbiology; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - L. Holm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Karimi S, Ahl D, Vågesjö E, Holm L, Phillipson M, Jonsson H, Roos S. In Vivo and In Vitro Detection of Luminescent and Fluorescent Lactobacillus reuteri and Application of Red Fluorescent mCherry for Assessing Plasmid Persistence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151969. [PMID: 27002525 PMCID: PMC4803345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is a symbiont that inhabits the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mammals, and several strains are used as probiotics. After introduction of probiotic strains in a complex ecosystem like the GI tract, keeping track of them is a challenge. The main objectives of this study were to introduce reporter proteins that would enable in vivo and in vitro detection of L. reuteri and increase knowledge about its interactions with the host. We describe for the first time cloning of codon-optimized reporter genes encoding click beetle red luciferase (CBRluc) and red fluorescent protein mCherry in L. reuteri strains ATCC PTA 6475 and R2LC. The plasmid persistence of mCherry-expressing lactobacilli was evaluated by both flow cytometry (FCM) and conventional plate count (PC), and the plasmid loss rates measured by FCM were lower overall than those determined by PC. Neutralization of pH and longer induction duration significantly improved the mCherry signal. The persistency, dose-dependent signal intensity and localization of the recombinant bacteria in the GI tract of mice were studied with an in vivo imaging system (IVIS), which allowed us to detect fluorescence from 6475-CBRluc-mCherry given at a dose of 1×1010 CFU and luminescence signals at doses ranging from 1×105 to 1×1010 CFU. Both 6475-CBRluc-mCherry and R2LC-CBRluc were localized in the colon 1 and 2 h after ingestion, but the majority of the latter were still found in the stomach, possibly reflecting niche specificity for R2LC. Finally, an in vitro experiment showed that mCherry-producing R2LC adhered efficiently to the intra cellular junctions of cultured IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, the two reporter genes CBRluc and mCherry were shown to be suitable markers for biophotonic imaging (BPI) of L. reuteri and may provide useful tools for future studies of in vivo and in vitro interactions between the bacteria and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Karimi
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evelina Vågesjö
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Holm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Björkander S, Hell L, Johansson MA, Forsberg MM, Lasaviciute G, Roos S, Holmlund U, Sverremark-Ekström E. Staphylococcus aureus-derived factors induce IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17A-expressing FOXP3+CD161+ T-helper cells in a partly monocyte-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22083. [PMID: 26917055 PMCID: PMC4768154 DOI: 10.1038/srep22083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a human pathogen as well as a frequent colonizer of skin and mucosa. This bacterium potently activates conventional T-cells through superantigens and it is suggested to induce T-cell cytokine-production as well as to promote a regulatory phenotype in T-cells in order to avoid clearance. This study aimed to investigate how S. aureus impacts the production of regulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of CD161 and HELIOS by peripheral CD4(+)FOXP3(+) T-cells. Stimulation of PBMC with S. aureus 161:2-cell free supernatant (CFS) induced expression of IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17A in FOXP3(+) cells. Further, CD161 and HELIOS separated the FOXP3(+) cells into four distinct populations regarding cytokine-expression. Monocyte-depletion decreased S. aureus 161:2-induced activation of FOXP3(+) cells while pre-stimulation of purified monocytes with S. aureus 161:2-CFS and subsequent co-culture with autologous monocyte-depleted PBMC was sufficient to mediate activation of FOXP3(+) cells. Together, these data show that S. aureus potently induces FOXP3(+) cells and promotes a diverse phenotype with expression of regulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines connected to increased CD161-expression. This could indicate potent regulation or a contribution of FOXP3(+) cells to inflammation and repression of immune-suppression upon encounter with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Björkander
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Hell
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria A Johansson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mata Forsberg
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gintare Lasaviciute
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Holmlund
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wegmann U, MacKenzie DA, Zheng J, Goesmann A, Roos S, Swarbreck D, Walter J, Crossman LC, Juge N. The pan-genome of Lactobacillus reuteri strains originating from the pig gastrointestinal tract. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1023. [PMID: 26626322 PMCID: PMC4667477 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus reuteri is a gut symbiont of a wide variety of vertebrate species that has diversified into distinct phylogenetic clades which are to a large degree host-specific. Previous work demonstrated host specificity in mice and begun to determine the mechanisms by which gut colonisation and host restriction is achieved. However, how L. reuteri strains colonise the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of pigs is unknown. RESULTS To gain insight into the ecology of L. reuteri in the pig gut, the genome sequence of the porcine small intestinal isolate L. reuteri ATCC 53608 was completed and consisted of a chromosome of 1.94 Mbp and two plasmids of 138.5 kbp and 9.09 kbp, respectively. Furthermore, we generated draft genomes of four additional L. reuteri strains isolated from pig faeces or lower GI tract, lp167-67, pg-3b, 20-2 and 3c6, and subjected all five genomes to a comparative genomic analysis together with the previously completed genome of strain I5007. A phylogenetic analysis based on whole genomes showed that porcine L. reuteri strains fall into two distinct clades, as previously suggested by multi-locus sequence analysis. These six pig L. reuteri genomes contained a core set of 1364 orthologous gene clusters, as determined by OrthoMCL analysis, that contributed to a pan-genome totalling 3373 gene clusters. Genome comparisons of the six pig L. reuteri strains with 14 L. reuteri strains from other host origins gave a total pan-genome of 5225 gene clusters that included a core genome of 851 gene clusters but revealed that there were no pig-specific genes per se. However, genes specific for and conserved among strains of the two pig phylogenetic lineages were detected, some of which encoded cell surface proteins that could contribute to the diversification of the two lineages and their observed host specificity. CONCLUSIONS This study extends the phylogenetic analysis of L. reuteri strains at a genome-wide level, pointing to distinct evolutionary trajectories of porcine L. reuteri lineages, and providing new insights into the genomic events in L. reuteri that occurred during specialisation to their hosts. The occurrence of two distinct pig-derived clades may reflect differences in host genotype, environmental factors such as dietary components or to evolution from ancestral strains of human and rodent origin following contact with pig populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Wegmann
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Donald A MacKenzie
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, 35392, Germany.
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, S-750 07, Sweden.
| | - David Swarbreck
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Lisa C Crossman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
- SequenceAnalysis.co.uk, NRP Innovation Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UG, UK.
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
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Lindgren U, Roos S, Hedberg Oldfors C, Moslemi A, Lindberg C, Oldfors A. Mitochondrial pathology in inclusion body myositis. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li S, Zamaratskaia G, Roos S, Båth K, Meijer J, Borch E, Johansson M. Inter-relationships between the metrics of instrumental meat color and microbial growth during aerobic storage of beef at 4°C. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2015.1072579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu HY, Roos S, Jonsson H, Ahl D, Dicksved J, Lindberg JE, Lundh T. Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri on gut barrier function and heat shock proteins in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/4/e12355. [PMID: 25847917 PMCID: PMC4425961 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a set of highly conserved proteins that can serve as intestinal gate keepers in gut homeostasis. Here, effects of a probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), and two novel porcine isolates, Lactobacillus johnsonii strain P47-HY and Lactobacillus reuteri strain P43-HUV, on cytoprotective HSP expression and gut barrier function, were investigated in a porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cell line model. The IPEC-J2 cells polarized on a permeable filter exhibited villus-like cell phenotype with development of apical microvilli. Western blot analysis detected HSP expression in IPEC-J2 and revealed that L. johnsonii and L. reuteri strains were able to significantly induce HSP27, despite high basal expression in IPEC-J2, whereas LGG did not. For HSP72, only the supernatant of L. reuteri induced the expression, which was comparable to the heat shock treatment, which indicated that HSP72 expression was more stimulus specific. The protective effect of lactobacilli was further studied in IPEC-J2 under an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. ETEC caused intestinal barrier destruction, as reflected by loss of cell–cell contact, reduced IPEC-J2 cell viability and transepithelial electrical resistance, and disruption of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1. In contrast, the L. reuteri treatment substantially counteracted these detrimental effects and preserved the barrier function. L. johnsonii and LGG also achieved barrier protection, partly by directly inhibiting ETEC attachment. Together, the results indicate that specific strains of Lactobacillus can enhance gut barrier function through cytoprotective HSP induction and fortify the cell protection against ETEC challenge through tight junction protein modulation and direct interaction with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Erik Lindberg
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lundh
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kämpfer P, Glaeser SP, Nilsson LKJ, Eberhard T, Håkansson S, Guy L, Roos S, Busse HJ, Terenius O. Proposal of Thorsellia kenyensis sp. nov. and Thorsellia kandunguensis sp. nov., isolated from larvae of Anopheles arabiensis, as members of the family Thorselliaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 65:444-451. [PMID: 25385997 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.070292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Gram-negative, rod-shaped strains, T2.1(T) and W5.1.1(T), isolated from larvae of the mosquito Anopheles arabiensis, were investigated using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strains T2.1(T) and W5.1.1(T) were shown to belong to the genus Thorsellia, both showing 97.8 % similarity to the type strain of Thorsellia anophelis, with 98.1 % similarity to each other. Chemotaxonomic data supported the allocation of the strains to the genus Thorsellia: their major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0 and they harboured a ubiquinone Q-8 quinone system and a polyamine pattern with the major compound 1,3-diaminopropane. Qualitative and quantitative differences in their polar lipid profiles distinguished strains T2.1(T) and W5.1.1(T) from each other and from T. anophelis. Average nucleotide identity (ANI), DNA-DNA hybridization, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) as well as physiological and biochemical tests allowed T2.1(T) and W5.1.1(T) to be distinguished both genotypically and phenotypically from each other and from the type strain of T. anophelis. Thus, we propose that these isolates represent two novel species of the genus Thorsellia, named Thorsellia kenyensis sp. nov. (type strain T2.1(T) = CCM 8545(T) = LMG 28483(T) = CIP 110829(T)) and Thorsellia kandunguensis sp. nov. (type strain W5.1.1(T) = LMG 28213(T) = CIP 110794(T)). Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the genus Thorsellia forms a separate branch, distinct from the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Orbaceae. As a consequence, a new family Thorselliaceae fam. nov. is proposed. An emended description of Thorsellia anophelis is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ - Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ - Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Louise K J Nilsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Eberhard
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Håkansson
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lionel Guy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Evolution and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Box 596, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Olle Terenius
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Roos S, Bast F, Schrom T. [Invasive orbital aspergillosis: Rare but important differential diagnosis in the case of immunosuppression]. HNO 2014; 63:634-7. [PMID: 25270834 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-013-2781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis originating from the paranasal sinuses is a rare disease that is associated with high mortality rates. We report on a 77-year-old patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and progressive left-sided proptosis persisting for 5 days. Antibiotic therapy and endonasal orbital decompression yielded insufficient improvement. Only upon application of complementary antifungal therapy was remission observed. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential in order to prevent life-threatening complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roos
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Plastische Operationen, Helios Klinikum Bad Saarow, Pieskower Str. 33, 15526, Bad Saarow, Deutschland,
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Roos S, Lindgren U, Ehrstedt C, Moslemi A, Oldfors A. Mitochondrial DNA depletion in single fibers in a patient with novel TK2 mutations. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:713-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Etzold S, MacKenzie DA, Jeffers F, Walshaw J, Roos S, Hemmings AM, Juge N. Structural and molecular insights into novel surface-exposed mucus adhesins from Lactobacillus reuteri human strains. Mol Microbiol 2014; 92:543-56. [PMID: 24593252 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract is the first point of contact of the intestinal microbiota with the host. Cell surface macromolecules are critical for adherence of commensal bacteria to mucus but structural information is scarce. Here we report the first molecular and structural characterization of a novel cell-surface protein, Lar_0958 from Lactobacillus reuteri JCM 1112(T) , mediating adhesion of L. reuteri human strains to mucus. Lar_0958 is a modular protein of 133 kDa containing six repeat domains, an N-terminal signal sequence and a C-terminal anchoring motif (LPXTG). Lar_0958 homologues are expressed on the cell-surface of L. reuteri human strains, as shown by flow-cytometry and immunogold microscopy. Adhesion of human L. reuteri strains to mucus in vitro was significantly reduced in the presence of an anti-Lar_0958 antibody and Lar_0958 contribution to adhesion was further confirmed using a L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 lar_0958 KO mutant (6475-KO). The X-ray crystal structure of a single Lar_0958 repeat, determined at 1.5 Å resolution, revealed a divergent immunoglobulin (Ig)-like β-sandwich fold, sharing structural homology with the Ig-like inter-repeat domain of internalins of the food borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. These findings provide unique structural insights into cell-surface protein repeats involved in adhesion of Gram-positive bacteria to the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Etzold
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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Ahl D, Roos S, Phillipson M, Holm L. CX3CR1 deficiency alters response to
L. reuteri
treatment of DSS‐induced colitis in mice (902.10). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.902.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Ahl
- Medical Cell Biology UPPSALA UniversityUPPSALASweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Microbiology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUPPSALASweden
| | | | - Lena Holm
- Medical Cell Biology UPPSALA UniversityUPPSALASweden
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Jensen H, Roos S, Jonsson H, Rud I, Grimmer S, van Pijkeren JP, Britton RA, Axelsson L. Role of Lactobacillus reuteri cell and mucus-binding protein A (CmbA) in adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and mucus in vitro. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:671-681. [PMID: 24473252 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.073551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri, a symbiotic inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract in humans and animals, is marketed as a probiotic. The ability to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells and mucus is an interesting property with regard to probiotic features such as colonization of the gastrointestinal tract and interaction with the host. Here, we present a study performed to elucidate the role of sortase (SrtA), four putative sortase-dependent proteins (SDPs), and one C-terminal membrane-anchored cell surface protein of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 in adhesion to Caco-2 cells and mucus in vitro. This included mutagenesis of the genes encoding these proteins and complementation of mutants. A null mutation in hmpref0536_10255 encoding srtA resulted in significantly reduced adhesion to Caco-2 cells and mucus, indicating involvement of SDPs in adhesion. Evaluation of the bacterial adhesion revealed that of the five putative surface protein mutants tested, only a null mutation in the hmpref0536_10633 gene, encoding a putative SDP with an LPxTG motif, resulted in a significant loss of adhesion to both Caco-2 cells and mucus. Complementation with the functional gene on a plasmid restored adhesion to Caco-2 cells. However, complete restoration of adhesion to mucus was not achieved. Overexpression of hmpref0536_10633 in strain ATCC PTA 6475 resulted in an increased adhesion to Caco-2 cells and mucus compared with the WT strain. We conclude from these results that, among the putative surface proteins tested, the protein encoded by hmpref0536_10633 plays a critical role in binding of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 to Caco-2 cells and mucus. Based on this, we propose that this LPxTG motif containing protein should be referred to as cell and mucus binding protein A (CmbA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.,Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research, PO Box 210, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research, PO Box 210, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Stine Grimmer
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research, PO Box 210, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Jan-Peter van Pijkeren
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lars Axelsson
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research, PO Box 210, 1431 Ås, Norway
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Roos S, Macao B, Fuste JM, Lindberg C, Jemt E, Holme E, Moslemi AR, Oldfors A, Falkenberg M. Subnormal levels of POL A cause inefficient initiation of light-strand DNA synthesis and lead to mitochondrial DNA deletions and progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Hum Mol Genet 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tubiana R, Mandelbrot L, Le Chenadec J, Delmas S, Rouzioux C, Hirt D, Treluyer JM, Ekoukou D, Bui E, Chaix ML, Blanche S, Warszawski J, Ngondi J, Chernai N, Teglas JP, Laurent C, Huyn P, Le Chenadec J, Delmas S, Warszawski J, Muret P, Baazia Y, Jeantils V, Lachassine E, Rodrigues A, Sackho A, Sagnet-Pham I, Tassi S, Breilh D, Iriard X, Andre G, Douard D, Reigadas S, Roux D, Louis I, Morlat P, Pedebosq S, Barre J, Estrangin E, Fauveau E, Garrait V, Ledudal P, Pichon C, Richier L, Thebault A, Touboul C, Bornarel D, Chambrin V, Clech L, Dubreuil P, Foix L'helias L, Picone O, Schoen H, Stralka M, Crenn-Hebert C, Floch-Tudal C, Hery E, Ichou H, Mandelbrot L, Meier F, Tournier V, Walter S, Chevojon P, Devidas A, Granier M, Khanfar-boudjemai M, Malbrunot C, Nguyen R, Ollivier B, Radideau E, Turpault I, Jault T, Barrail A, Colmant C, Fourcade C, Goujard C, Pallier C, Peretti D, Taburet AM, Bocket L, D'angelo S, Godart F, Hammou Y, Houdret N, Mazingue F, Thielemans B, Brochier C, Cotte L, Januel F, Le Thi T, Gagneux MC, Bozio A, Massardier J, Kebaïli K, Ben AK, Heller-Roussin B, Riehl C, Roos S, Taccot F, Winter C, Arias J, Brunet-François C, Dailly E, Flet L, Gournay V, Mechinaud F, Reliquet V, Winner N, Peytavin G, Bardin C, Boudjoudi N, Compagnucci A, Guerin C, Krivine A, Pannier E, Salmon D, Treluyer JM, Firtion G, Ayral D, Ciraru-Vigneron N, Mazeron MC, Rizzo Badoin N, Trout H, Benachi A, Boissand C, Bonnet D, Boucly S, Blanche S, Chaix ML, Duvivier C, Parat S, Cayol V, Oucherif S, Rouzioux C, Viard JP, Bonmarchand M, De Montgolfier I, Dommergues M, Fievet MH, Iguertsira M, Pauchard M, Quetin F, Soulie C, Tubiana R, Faye A, Magnier S, Bui E, Carbonne B, Daguenel Nguyen A, Harchi N, Meyohas MC, Poirier JM, Rodriguez J, Hervé F, Pialloux G, Dehee A, Dollfus C, Tillous Borde I, Vaudre G, Wallet A, Allemon MC, Bolot P, Boussairi A, Chaplain C, Ekoukou D, Ghibaudo N, Kana JM, Khuong MA, Weil M, Entz-Werle N, Livolsi Lutz P, Beretz L, Cheneau M, Partisani ML, Schmitt MP, Acar P, Armand E, Berrebi A, Guibaud Plo C, Lavit M, Nicot F, Tricoire J, Ajana F, Huleux T. Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy as a Nucleoside Analogue–Sparing Strategy to Prevent HIV-1 Mother-to-Child Transmission: The ANRS 135 PRIMEVA Phase 2/3 Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:891-902. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Romani Vestman N, Hasslöf P, Keller MK, Granström E, Roos S, Twetman S, Stecksén-Blicks C. Lactobacillus reuteri influences regrowth of mutans streptococci after full-mouth disinfection: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Caries Res 2013; 47:338-45. [PMID: 23486236 DOI: 10.1159/000347233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed whether the persistence of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 in saliva could delay the regrowth of mutans streptococci (MS) after a full-mouth disinfection with chlorhexidine (CHX). A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a 6-week intervention period and 3- and 6-month follow-up was performed. 62 healthy subjects with moderate to high counts of MS were randomly assigned to a test group (n = 32) or a placebo group (n = 30). Before onset of the intervention, subjects received two sessions of professional cleaning, flossing, and application of CHX varnish and rinsed their mouth with a CHX solution between the sessions (2 days). Thereafter, the test group used probiotic lozenges (2/day) containing L. reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289; 1 × 10(8) CFU of each strain), and the placebo group used identical lozenges lacking the lactobacilli. Saliva samples were collected and cultured onto selective media, and isolates of L. reuteri as well as DNA directly extracted from saliva were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. Presence of salivary MS was analysed with a chair-side test. L. reuteri was frequently detected by culture during the intervention period but in only 3 test group subjects at follow-ups. Regrowth of MS statistically significantly differed depending on the presence or absence of L. reuteri DSM 17938 detected by PCR. We conclude that cultivable L. reuteri strains may only sporadically be confirmed after termination of the intervention, but subjects with PCR-detected L. reuteri demonstrated slower regrowth of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Romani Vestman
- Section of Cariology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, SE–901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Omazic AW, Tråvén M, Roos S, Mellgren E, Holtenius K. Oral rehydration solution with glycerol to dairy calves: Effects on fluid balance, metabolism, and intestinal microbiota. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2013.785585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Roos S, Dicksved J, Tarasco V, Locatelli E, Ricceri F, Grandin U, Savino F. 454 pyrosequencing analysis on faecal samples from a randomized DBPC trial of colicky infants treated with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56710. [PMID: 23468874 PMCID: PMC3585302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the global microbial composition, using large-scale DNA sequencing of 16 S rRNA genes, in faecal samples from colicky infants given L. reuteri DSM 17938 or placebo. Methods Twenty-nine colicky infants (age 10–60 days) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either Lactobacillus reuteri (108 cfu) or a placebo once daily for 21 days. Responders were defined as subjects with a decrease of 50% in daily crying time at day 21 compared with the starting point. The microbiota of faecal samples from day 1 and 21 were analyzed using 454 pyrosequencing. The primers: Bakt_341F and Bakt_805R, complemented with 454 adapters and sample specific barcodes were used for PCR amplification of the 16 S rRNA genes. The structure of the data was explored by using permutational multivariate analysis of variance and effects of different variables were visualized with ordination analysis. Results The infants’ faecal microbiota were composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes as the four main phyla. The composition of the microbiota in infants with colic had very high inter-individual variability with Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios varying from 4000 to 0.025. On an individual basis, the microbiota was, however, relatively stable over time. Treatment with L. reuteri DSM 17938 did not change the global composition of the microbiota, but when comparing responders with non-responders the group responders had an increased relative abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and genus Bacteroides at day 21 compared with day 0. Furthermore, the phyla composition of the infants at day 21 could be divided into three enterotype groups, dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, respectively. Conclusion L. reuteri DSM 17938 did not affect the global composition of the microbiota. However, the increase of Bacteroidetes in the responder infants indicated that a decrease in colicky symptoms was linked to changes of the microbiota. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00893711
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ivarsson E, Liu HY, Dicksved J, Roos S, Lindberg JE. Impact of chicory inclusion in a cereal-based diet on digestibility, organ size and faecal microbiota in growing pigs. Animal 2012; 6:1077-85. [PMID: 23031467 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111002709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 30 7-week-old pigs were used to evaluate the effects of chicory inclusion on digestibility, digestive organ size and faecal microbiota. Five diets were formulated: a cereal-based control diet and four diets with inclusion of 80 and 160 g/kg chicory forage (CF80 and CF160), 80 g/kg chicory root (CR80) and a mix of 80 g/kg forage and 80 g/kg chicory root (CFR). Generally, the pigs showed a high growth rate and feed intake, and no differences between the different diets were observed. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of energy, organic matter and CP did not differ between the control and CF80, whereas they were impaired in diet CF160. The CTTAD of non-starch polysaccharides and especially the uronic acids were higher (P < 0.05) with chicory inclusion, with highest (P < 0.05) values for diet CF160. Coliform counts were lower and lactobacilli : coliform ratio was higher (P < 0.05) in diet CFR than in the control. Global microbial composition was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with cloning and sequencing. Analysis of gut microbiota pattern revealed two major clusters where diet CF160 differed from the control and CR80 diet. Chicory forage diets were correlated with an increased relative abundance of one species related to Prevotella and decreased abundance of two other species related to Prevotella. For diet CFR, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii was higher than in the other diets. This study shows that both chicory forage and root can be used as fibre sources in pig nutrition and that they modulate the composition of the gut microbiota differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ivarsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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De Weirdt R, Crabbé A, Roos S, Vollenweider S, Lacroix C, van Pijkeren JP, Britton RA, Sarker S, Van de Wiele T, Nickerson CA. Glycerol supplementation enhances L. reuteri's protective effect against S. Typhimurium colonization in a 3-D model of colonic epithelium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37116. [PMID: 22693569 PMCID: PMC3365044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic effects of Lactobacillus reuteri have been speculated to partly depend on its capacity to produce the antimicrobial substance reuterin during the reduction of glycerol in the gut. In this study, the potential of this process to protect human intestinal epithelial cells against infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was investigated. We used a three-dimensional (3-D) organotypic model of human colonic epithelium that was previously validated and applied to study interactions between S. Typhimurium and the intestinal epithelium that lead to enteric salmonellosis. Using this model system, we show that L. reuteri protects the intestinal cells against the early stages of Salmonella infection and that this effect is significantly increased when L. reuteri is stimulated to produce reuterin from glycerol. More specifically, the reuterin-containing ferment of L. reuteri caused a reduction in Salmonella adherence and invasion (1 log unit), and intracellular survival (2 log units). In contrast, the L. reuteri ferment without reuterin stimulated growth of the intracellular Salmonella population with 1 log unit. The short-term exposure to reuterin or the reuterin-containing ferment had no observed negative impact on intestinal epithelial cell health. However, long-term exposure (24 h) induced a complete loss of cell-cell contact within the epithelial aggregates and compromised cell viability. Collectively, these results shed light on a potential role for reuterin in inhibiting Salmonella-induced intestinal infections and may support the combined application of glycerol and L. reuteri. While future in vitro and in vivo studies of reuterin on intestinal health should fine-tune our understanding of the mechanistic effects, in particular in the presence of a complex gut microbiota, this the first report of a reuterin effect on the enteric infection process in any mammalian cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie De Weirdt
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Crabbé
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology - The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Peter van Pijkeren
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shameema Sarker
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology - The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cheryl A. Nickerson
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology - The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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