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Verbesselt J, Walsh LK, Mitchel MW, Taylor CM, Finucane BM, Breckpot J, Zink I, Swillen A. Association of behavioural and social-communicative profiles in children with 16p11.2 copy number variants: a multi-site study. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024. [PMID: 38657658 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the established knowledge that recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) at the 16p11.2 locus BP4-BP5 confer risk for behavioural and language difficulties, limited research has been conducted on the association between behavioural and social-communicative profiles. The current study aims to further delineate the prevalence, nature and severity of, and the association between, behavioural and social-communicative features of school-aged children with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome (16p11.2DS) and 16p11.2 duplication (16p11.2Dup). METHODS A total of 68 individuals (n = 47 16p11.2DS and n = 21 16p11.2Dup) aged 6-17 years participated. Standardised intelligence tests were administered, and behavioural and social-communicative skills were assessed by standardised questionnaires. Scores of both groups were compared with population norms and across CNVs. The influence of confounding factors was investigated, and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared with the normative sample, children with 16p11.2DS showed high rates of social responsiveness (67%) and communicative problems (69%), while approximately half (52%) of the patients displayed behavioural problems. Children with 16p11.2Dup demonstrated even higher rates of social-communicative problems (80-90%) with statistically significantly more externalising and overall behavioural challenges (89%). In both CNV groups, there was a strong positive correlation between behavioural and social-communicative skills. CONCLUSIONS School-aged children with 16p11.2 CNVs show high rates of behavioural, social responsiveness and communicative problems compared with the normative sample. These findings point to the high prevalence of autistic traits and diagnoses in these CNV populations. Moreover, there is a high comorbidity between behavioural and social-communicative problems. Patients with difficulties in both domains are vulnerable and need closer clinical follow-up and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verbesselt
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L K Walsh
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - M W Mitchel
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - C M Taylor
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - B M Finucane
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - J Breckpot
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Zink
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- MUCLA, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Byerley LO, Lorenzen B, Chang HM, Hartman WG, Keenan MJ, Page R, Luo M, Dowd SE, Taylor CM. Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Differs in Two Distinct Cachectic Tumor-Bearing Models Consuming the Same Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:1076. [PMID: 38613109 PMCID: PMC11013133 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of cancer cachexia on the colonic microbiota is poorly characterized. This study assessed the effect of two cachectic-producing tumor types on the gut microbiota to determine if a similar dysbiosis could be found. In addition, it was determined if a diet containing an immunonutrient-rich food (walnuts) known to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria in the colon could alter the dysbiosis and slow cachexia. Male Fisher 344 rats were randomly assigned to a semi-purified diet with or without walnuts. Then, within each diet group, rats were further assigned randomly to a treatment group: tumor-bearing ad libitum fed (TB), non-tumor-bearing ad libitum fed (NTB-AL), and non-tumor-bearing group pair-fed to the TB (NTB-PF). The TB group was implanted either with the Ward colon carcinoma or MCA-induced sarcoma, both transplantable tumor lines. Fecal samples were collected after the development of cachexia, and bacteria species were identified using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Both TB groups developed cachexia but had a differently altered gut microbiome. Beta diversity was unaffected by treatment (NTB-AL, TB, and NTB-PF) regardless of tumor type but was affected by diet. Also, diet consistently changed the relative abundance of several bacteria taxa, while treatment and tumor type did not. The control diet increased the abundance of A. Anaeroplasma, while the walnut diet increased the genus Ruminococcus. There were no common fecal bacterial changes characteristic of cachexia found. Diet consistently changed the gut microbiota, but these changes were insufficient to slow the progression of cachexia, suggesting cancer cachexia is more complex than a few gut microbiota shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri O. Byerley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - Brittany Lorenzen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - Hsiao-Man Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - William G. Hartman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - Michael J. Keenan
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, 297 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.J.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Ryan Page
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, 297 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.J.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.L.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, 503 Clovis Rd., Shallowater, TX 79363, USA;
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.L.); (C.M.T.)
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Nessim Kostandy E, Suh JH, Tian X, Okeugo B, Rubin E, Shirai S, Luo M, Taylor CM, Kim KH, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Changes Foxp3 Deficiency-Induced Dyslipidemia and Chronic Hepatitis in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:511. [PMID: 38398835 PMCID: PMC10892585 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 produces anti-inflammatory effects in scurfy (SF) mice, a model characterized by immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked inheritance (called IPEX syndrome in humans), caused by regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency and is due to a Foxp3 gene mutation. Considering the pivotal role of lipids in autoimmune inflammatory processes, we investigated alterations in the relative abundance of lipid profiles in SF mice (± treatment with DSM 17938) compared to normal WT mice. We also examined the correlation between plasma lipids and gut microbiota and circulating inflammatory markers. We noted a significant upregulation of plasma lipids associated with autoimmune disease in SF mice, many of which were downregulated by DSM 17938. The upregulated lipids in SF mice demonstrated a significant correlation with gut bacteria known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Chronic hepatitis in SF livers responded to DSM 17938 treatment with a reduction in hepatic inflammation. Altered gene expression associated with lipid metabolism and the positive correlation between lipids and inflammatory cytokines together suggest that autoimmunity leads to dyslipidemia with impaired fatty acid oxidation in SF mice. Probiotics are presumed to contribute to the reduction of lipids by reducing inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erini Nessim Kostandy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beanna Okeugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erin Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara Shirai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Zaparte A, Dore E, White S, Paliarin F, Gabriel C, Copenhaver K, Basavanhalli S, Garcia E, Vaddavalli R, Luo M, Taylor CM, Welsh D, Maiya R. Standard rodent diets differentially impact alcohol consumption and preference and gut microbiome diversity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.06.579237. [PMID: 38370762 PMCID: PMC10871281 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a complex and widespread disease with limited pharmacotherapies. Preclinical animal models of AUD use a variety of voluntary alcohol consumption procedures to recapitulate different phases of AUD including binge alcohol consumption and dependence. However, voluntary alcohol consumption in mice is widely variable rendering it difficult to reproduce results across labs. Accumulating evidence indicates that different brands of commercially available rodent chow can profoundly influence alcohol intake. In this study, we investigated the effects of three commercially available and widely used rodent diet formulations on alcohol consumption and preference in C57BL/6J mice using the 24h intermittent access procedure. The three brands of chow tested were LabDiet 5001 (LD 5001), LabDiet 5053 (LD 5053), and Teklad 2019S (TL2019S) from two companies (Research Diets and Envigo respectively). Mice fed LD5001 displayed the highest levels of alcohol consumption and preference followed by LD5053 and TL2019S. We also found that alcohol consumption and preference could be rapidly switched by changing the diet 48h prior to alcohol administration. Sucrose, saccharin, and quinine preference were not altered suggesting that the diets did not alter taste perception. We also found that mice fed LD5001 displayed increased quinine-resistant alcohol intake compared to mice fed TL2019S, suggesting that diets could influence the development of "compulsive" like alcohol consumption. We profiled the gut microbiome of water and alcohol drinking mice that were maintained on different diets and found significant differences in bacterial alpha and beta diversity, which could impact gut-brain axis signaling and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Zaparte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Evan Dore
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Selby White
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Franciely Paliarin
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Cameron Gabriel
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Katherine Copenhaver
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Samhita Basavanhalli
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Emily Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Rishith Vaddavalli
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | | | | | - David Welsh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Rajani Maiya
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
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Muzny CA, Elnaggar JH, Sousa LGV, Lima Â, Aaron KJ, Eastlund IC, Graves KJ, Dong C, Van Gerwen OT, Luo M, Tamhane A, Long D, Cerca N, Taylor CM. Microbial interactions among Gardnerella, Prevotella and Fannyhessea prior to incident bacterial vaginosis: protocol for a prospective, observational study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083516. [PMID: 38316599 PMCID: PMC10859992 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aetiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a biofilm-associated vaginal infection, remains unknown. Epidemiologic data suggest that it is sexually transmitted. BV is characterised by loss of lactic acid-producing lactobacilli and an increase in facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria. Gardnerella spp are present in 95%-100% of cases; Gardnerella vaginalis has been found to be more virulent than other BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) in vitro. However, G. vaginalis is found in women with normal vaginal microbiota and colonisation is not sufficient for BV development. We hypothesise that Gardnerella spp initiate BV biofilm formation, but incident BV (iBV) requires incorporation of other key BVAB (ie, Prevotella bivia, Fannyhessea vaginae) into the biofilm that alter the transcriptome of the polymicrobial consortium. This study will investigate the sequence of microbiologic events preceding iBV. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will enrol 150 women aged 18-45 years with normal vaginal microbiota and no sexually transmitted infections at a sexual health research clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. Women will self-collect twice daily vaginal specimens up to 60 days. A combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, qPCR for Gardnerella spp, P. bivia and F. vaginae, and broad range 16S rRNA gene qPCR will be performed on twice daily vaginal specimens from women with iBV (Nugent score 7-10 on at least 2 consecutive days) and controls (with comparable age, race, contraceptive method and menstrual cycle days) maintaining normal vaginal microbiota to investigate changes in the vaginal microbiota over time for women with iBV. Participants will complete daily diaries on multiple factors including sexual activity. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol is approved by the University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board (IRB-300004547) and written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals as well as disseminated to providers and patients in communities of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jacob H Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lúcia G V Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho-Gualtar Campus, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ângela Lima
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho-Gualtar Campus, Braga, Portugal
| | - Kristal J Aaron
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Isaac C Eastlund
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Keonte J Graves
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chaoling Dong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Olivia T Van Gerwen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Microbial Genomics Resource Group, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tamhane
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dustin Long
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho-Gualtar Campus, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Gigi RMS, Mdingi MM, Jung H, Claassen-Weitz S, Bütikofer L, Klausner JD, Muzny CA, Taylor CM, van de Wijgert JHHM, Peters RPH, Low N. Genital tract infections, the vaginal microbiome and gestational age at birth among pregnant women in South Africa: a cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e081562. [PMID: 38154893 PMCID: PMC10759125 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth complications are the most common cause of death in children under 5 years. The presence of multiple microorganisms and genital tract inflammation could be the common mechanism driving early onset of labour. South Africa has high levels of preterm birth, genital tract infections and HIV infection among pregnant women. We plan to investigate associations between the presence of multiple lower genital tract microorganisms in pregnancy and gestational age at birth. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This cohort study enrols around 600 pregnant women at one public healthcare facility in East London, South Africa. Eligible women are ≥18 years and at <27 weeks of gestation, confirmed by ultrasound. At enrolment and 30-34 weeks of pregnancy, participants receive on-site tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, with treatment if test results are positive. At these visits, additional vaginal specimens are taken for: PCR detection and quantification of Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp., Mycoplasma genitalium, M. hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum; microscopy and Nugent scoring; and for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and quantification. Pregnancy outcomes are collected from a postnatal visit and birth registers. The primary outcome is gestational age at birth. Statistical analyses will explore associations between specific microorganisms and gestational age at birth. To explore the association with the quantity of microorganisms, we will construct an index of microorganism load and use mixed-effects regression models and classification and regression tree analysis to examine which combinations of microorganisms contribute to earlier gestational age at birth. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol has approvals from the University of Cape Town Research Ethics Committee and the Canton of Bern Ethics Committee. Results from this study will be uploaded to preprint servers, submitted to open access peer-reviewed journals and presented at regional and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT06131749; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana M S Gigi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
| | - Mandisa M Mdingi
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
| | - Hyunsul Jung
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Lukas Bütikofer
- CTU Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christina A Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Janneke H H M van de Wijgert
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Remco P H Peters
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ardizzone CM, Taylor CM, Toh E, Lillis RA, Elnaggar JH, Lammons JW, Mott PD, Duffy EL, Shen L, Quayle AJ. Association of Chlamydia trachomatis burden with the vaginal microbiota, bacterial vaginosis, and metronidazole treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1289449. [PMID: 38149008 PMCID: PMC10750252 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1289449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, is a common coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), and BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) and their products have been implicated in aiding Ct evade natural immunity. Here, we determined if a non-optimal vaginal microbiota was associated with a higher genital Ct burden and if metronidazole, a standard treatment for BV, would reduce Ct burden or aid in natural clearance of Ct infection. Cervicovaginal samples were collected from women at enrollment and, if testing positive for Ct infection, at a follow-up visit approximately one week later. Cervical Ct burden was assessed by inclusion forming units (IFU) and Ct genome copy number (GCN), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the composition of the vaginal microbiota. We observed a six-log spectrum of IFU and an eight-log spectrum of GCN in our study participants at their enrollment visit, but BV, as indicated by Amsel's criteria, Nugent scoring, or VALENCIA community state typing, did not predict infectious and total Ct burden, although IFU : GCN increased with Amsel and Nugent scores and in BV-like community state types. Ct burden was, however, associated with the abundance of bacterial species in the vaginal microbiota, negatively with Lactobacillus crispatus and positively with Prevotella bivia. Women diagnosed with BV were treated with metronidazole, and Ct burden was significantly reduced in those who resolved BV with treatment. A subset of women naturally cleared Ct infection in the interim, typified by low Ct burden at enrollment and resolution of BV. Abundance of many BVAB decreased, and Lactobacillus increased, in response to metronidazole treatment, but no changes in abundances of specific vaginal bacteria were unique to women who spontaneously cleared Ct infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M. Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Evelyn Toh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Lillis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jacob H. Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - John W. Lammons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Patricia Dehon Mott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Emily L. Duffy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alison J. Quayle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Gafen HB, Liu CC, Ineck NE, Scully CM, Mironovich MA, Taylor CM, Luo M, Leis ML, Scott EM, Carter RT, Hernke DM, Paul NC, Lewin AC. Alterations to the bovine bacterial ocular surface microbiome in the context of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:60. [PMID: 37996960 PMCID: PMC10668498 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a common cause of morbidity in cattle, resulting in significant economic losses. This study aimed to characterize the bovine bacterial ocular surface microbiome (OSM) through conjunctival swab samples from Normal eyes and eyes with naturally acquired, active IBK across populations of cattle using a three-part approach, including bacterial culture, relative abundance (RA, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing), and semi-quantitative random forest modeling (real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)). RESULTS Conjunctival swab samples were obtained from eyes individually classified as Normal (n = 376) or IBK (n = 228) based on clinical signs. Cattle unaffected by IBK and the unaffected eye in cattle with contralateral IBK were used to obtain Normal eye samples. Moraxella bovis was cultured from similar proportions of IBK (7/228, 3.07%) and Normal eyes (1/159, 0.63%) (p = 0.1481). Moraxella bovoculi was cultured more frequently (p < 0.0001) in IBK (59/228, 25.88%) than Normal (7/159, 4.40%) eyes. RA (via 16 S rRNA gene sequencing) of Actinobacteriota was significantly higher in Normal eyes (p = 0.0045). Corynebacterium variabile and Corynebacterium stationis (Actinobacteriota) were detected at significantly higher RA (p = 0.0008, p = 0.0025 respectively) in Normal eyes. Rothia nasimurium (Actinobacteriota) was detected at significantly higher RA in IBK eyes (p < 0.0001). Alpha-diversity index was not significantly different between IBK and Normal eyes (p > 0.05). Alpha-diversity indices for geographic location (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.0001), sex (p < 0.05) and breed (p < 0.01) and beta-diversity indices for geographic location (p < 0.001), disease status (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001) and breed (p < 0.001) were significantly different between groups. Modeling of RT-PCR values reliably categorized the microbiome of IBK and Normal eyes; primers for Moraxella bovoculi, Moraxella bovis, and Staphylococcus spp. were consistently the most significant canonical variables in these models. CONCLUSIONS The results provide further evidence that multiple elements of the bovine bacterial OSM are altered in the context of IBK, indicating the involvement of a variety of bacteria in addition to Moraxella bovis, including Moraxella bovoculi and R. nasimurium, among others. Actinobacteriota RA is altered in IBK, providing possible opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions. While RT-PCR modeling provided limited further support for the involvement of Moraxella bovis in IBK, this was not overtly reflected in culture or RA results. Results also highlight the influence of geographic location and breed type (dairy or beef) on the bovine bacterial OSM. RT-PCR modeling reliably categorized samples as IBK or Normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Gafen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Nikole E Ineck
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Clare M Scully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Melanie A Mironovich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, 2020 Gravier St, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, 2020 Gravier St, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Marina L Leis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Erin M Scott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Renee T Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - David M Hernke
- Department of Ambulatory Medicine and Theriogenology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Narayan C Paul
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 483 Agronomy Rd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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Mills EP, Liu CC, Mironovich MA, Taylor CM, Luo M, Emelogu U, Scott EM, Leis ML, Carter RT, Camacho-Luna P, Lewin AC. Relationship between the bacterial ocular surface microbiota and outcomes for cats with feline herpesvirus type 1 ocular surface disease. Vet Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37876296 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) causes ocular surface disease in domestic cats. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between bacterial ocular surface microbiota and outcomes for cats with FHV-1 ocular surface disease. ANIMALS STUDIED Twenty-two shelter-housed cats with confirmed FHV-1 ocular surface disease. PROCEDURES Animals were grouped according to FHV-1 shedding and ocular clinical scores following intervention: worsened outcome (WorOut, n = 11) or improved outcome (ImpOut, n = 11). Scoring and conjunctival sampling were completed on Days 1 and 8 of twice daily antiviral treatment. Bacterial DNA was extracted and submitted for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for selected bacterial species. Overall DNA concentration between groups was assessed. RESULTS Bacterial microbiota relative abundance composition was significantly different between ImpOut and WorOut groups (weighted UniFrac p = .006). Alpha diversity was significantly higher in the ImpOut group compared with the WorOut group (Shannon p = .042, Simpson's p = .022, Pielou's p = .037). Differences in the relative abundance of various phyla and species were detected between groups. Total DNA concentration was higher in the WorOut group compared with the ImpOut group (p = .04). Feline GAPDH (p = .001) and Bilophila wadsworthia (p = .024) copy number was significantly higher in the ImpOut group compared with the WorOut group. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the important relationship between the bacterial ocular surface microbiota and FHV-1 infection outcomes in cats treated with antiviral medications. Low bacterial species diversity, higher overall DNA (presumed predominantly bacterial) load, and certain bacterial phyla/species were associated with poor outcomes for cats with FHV-1 ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn P Mills
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Melanie A Mironovich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ugochi Emelogu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Erin M Scott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Marina L Leis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Renee T Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Pilar Camacho-Luna
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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10
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Muzny CA, Cerca N, Elnaggar JH, Taylor CM, Sobel JD, Van Der Pol B. State of the Art for Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0083722. [PMID: 37199636 PMCID: PMC10446871 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00837-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among reproductive-age women. It is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including increased risk of acquisition of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), in addition to adverse birth outcomes. While it is known that BV is a vaginal dysbiosis characterized by a shift in the vaginal microbiota from protective Lactobacillus species to an increase in facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria, its exact etiology remains unknown. The purpose of this minireview is to provide an updated overview of the range of tests currently used for the diagnosis of BV in both clinical and research settings. This article is divided into two primary sections: traditional BV diagnostics and molecular diagnostics. Molecular diagnostic assays, particularly 16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), are specifically highlighted, in addition to multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), given their increasing use in clinical practice (NAATs) and research studies (16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and FISH) regarding the vaginal microbiota and BV pathogenesis. We also provide a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of current BV diagnostic tests and discuss future challenges in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A. Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jacob H. Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jack D. Sobel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Barbara Van Der Pol
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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11
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Elnaggar JH, Lammons JW, Taylor CM, Toh E, Ardizzone CM, Dong A, Aaron KJ, Luo M, Tamhane A, Lefkowitz EJ, Quayle AJ, Nelson DE, Muzny CA. Characterization of Vaginal Microbial Community Dynamics in the Pathogenesis of Incident Bacterial Vaginosis, a Pilot Study. Sex Transm Dis 2023; 50:523-530. [PMID: 37074327 PMCID: PMC10512881 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite more than 60 years of research, the etiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV) remains controversial. In this pilot study, we used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterize vaginal microbial community changes before the development of incident BV (iBV). METHODS A cohort of African American women with a baseline healthy vaginal microbiome (no Amsel criteria, Nugent score 0-3 with no Gardnerella vaginalis morphotypes) were followed for 90 days with daily self-collected vaginal specimens for iBV (≥2 consecutive days of a Nugent score of 7-10). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on select vaginal specimens from 4 women, every other day for 12 days before iBV diagnosis. Sequencing data were analyzed through Kraken2 and bioBakery 3 workflows, and specimens were classified into community state types. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to compare the correlation of read counts with bacterial abundance. RESULTS Common BV-associated bacteria such as G. vaginalis , Prevotella bivia , and Fannyhessea vaginae were increasingly identified in the participants before iBV. Linear modeling indicated significant increases in G. vaginalis and F . vaginae relative abundance before iBV, whereas the relative abundance of Lactobacillus species declined over time. The Lactobacillus species decline correlated with the presence of Lactobacillus phages. We observed enrichment in bacterial adhesion factor genes on days before iBV. There were also significant correlations between bacterial read counts and abundances measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study characterizes vaginal community dynamics before iBV and identifies key bacterial taxa and mechanisms potentially involved in the pathogenesis of iBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John W Lammons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Evelyn Toh
- Department of Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caleb M Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amy Dong
- Department of Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kristal J Aaron
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tamhane
- Division of Nephrology and 4Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alison J Quayle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David E Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christina A Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Elnaggar JH, Ardizzone CM, Cerca N, Toh E, Łaniewski P, Lillis RA, Herbst-Kralovetz MM, Quayle AJ, Muzny CA, Taylor CM. A novel Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus standard that improves accuracy in quantifying bacterial burden in vaginal microbial communities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1198113. [PMID: 37404722 PMCID: PMC10315654 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1198113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal dysbiosis. In this condition, a polymicrobial biofilm develops on vaginal epithelial cells. Accurately quantifying the bacterial burden of the BV biofilm is necessary to further our understanding of BV pathogenesis. Historically, the standard for calculating total bacterial burden of the BV biofilm has been based on quantifying Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene copy number. However, E. coli is improper for measuring the bacterial burden of this unique micro-environment. Here, we propose a novel qPCR standard to quantify bacterial burden in vaginal microbial communities, from an optimal state to a mature BV biofilm. These standards consist of different combinations of vaginal bacteria including three common BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) Gardnerella spp. (G), Prevotella spp. (P), and Fannyhessea spp. (F) and commensal Lactobacillus spp. (L) using the 16S rRNA gene (G:P:F:L, G:P:F, G:P:L and 1G:9L). We compared these standards to the traditional E. coli (E) reference standard using known quantities of mock vaginal communities and 16 vaginal samples from women. The E standard significantly underestimated the copy numbers of the mock communities, and this underestimation was significantly greater at lower copy numbers of these communities. The G:P:L standard was the most accurate across all mock communities and when compared to other mixed vaginal standards. Mixed vaginal standards were further validated with vaginal samples. This new G:P:L standard can be used in BV pathogenesis research to enhance reproducibility and reliability in quantitative measurements of BVAB, spanning from the optimal to non-optimal (including BV) vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H. Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Caleb M. Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Evelyn Toh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Paweł Łaniewski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Lillis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Melissa M. Herbst-Kralovetz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Alison J. Quayle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Christina A. Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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13
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Gafen HB, Liu CC, Ineck NE, Scully CM, Mironovich MA, Guarneri L, Taylor CM, Luo M, Leis ML, Scott EM, Carter RT, Lewin AC. Relative and Quantitative Characterization of the Bovine Bacterial Ocular Surface Microbiome in the Context of Suspected Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1976. [PMID: 37370486 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface microbiome is altered in certain disease states. The aim of this study was to characterize the bovine bacterial ocular surface microbiome (BBOSM) in the context of ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The conjunctiva of normal (n = 28) and OSCC (n = 10) eyes of cows aged 2 to 13 years from two farms in Louisiana and Wyoming were sampled using individual sterile swabs. DNA extraction followed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to, respectively, assess the relative and absolute BBOSM. Discriminant analysis (DA) was performed using RT-PCR data, and relative abundance analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. The 11 most abundant phyla in both normal and OSCC-affected cows were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The relative abundance of Euryarchaeota was found to be significantly lower (p = 0.0372) in OSCC eyes compared to normal eyes. Relative abundance differences within and between geographic locations were also identified. Quadratic DA categorized samples as OSCC or normal with 100% sensitivity and 83.3-100% specificity. Relative abundance analysis identified relative BBOSM phylum alterations in OSCC. Quadratic DA can be used to accurately categorize BBOSM from normal and OSCC ocular surface samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Gafen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Nikole E Ineck
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Clare M Scully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Melanie A Mironovich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Lauren Guarneri
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Marina L Leis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Erin M Scott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Renee T Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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14
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Jennings S, Hu Y, Wellems D, Luo M, Scull C, Taylor CM, Nauseef WM, Wang G. Neutrophil defect and lung pathogen selection in cystic fibrosis. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:604-614. [PMID: 36976023 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a life-threatening genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR chloride channel. Clinically, over 90% of patients with cystic fibrosis succumb to pulmonary complications precipitated by chronic bacterial infections, predominantly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Despite the well-characterized gene defect and clearly defined clinical sequelae of cystic fibrosis, the critical link between the chloride channel defect and the host defense failure against these specific pathogens has not been established. Previous research from us and others has uncovered that neutrophils from patients with cystic fibrosis are defective in phagosomal production of hypochlorous acid, a potent microbicidal oxidant. Here we report our studies to investigate if this defect in hypochlorous acid production provides P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with a selective advantage in cystic fibrosis lungs. A polymicrobial mixture of cystic fibrosis pathogens (P. aeruginosa and S. aureus) and non-cystic fibrosis pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli) was exposed to varied concentrations of hypochlorous acid. The cystic fibrosis pathogens withstood higher concentrations of hypochlorous acid than did the non-cystic fibrosis pathogens. Neutrophils derived from F508del-CFTR HL-60 cells killed P. aeruginosa less efficiently than did the wild-type counterparts in the polymicrobial setting. After intratracheal challenge in wild-type and cystic fibrosis mice, the cystic fibrosis pathogens outcompeted the non-cystic fibrosis pathogens and exhibited greater survival in the cystic fibrosis lungs. Taken together, these data indicate that reduced hypochlorous acid production due to the absence of CFTR function creates an environment in cystic fibrosis neutrophils that provides a survival advantage to specific microbes-namely, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa-in the cystic fibrosis lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Jennings
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CSRB 607, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yawen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CSRB 607, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dianne Wellems
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CSRB 607, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CSRB 607, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Callie Scull
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CSRB 607, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CSRB 607, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - William M Nauseef
- Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, 501 EMRB, 431 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Guoshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CSRB 607, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA, United States
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15
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Mdingi MM, Peters RPH, Gigi R, Babalola C, Taylor CM, Muzny CA, Low N, Medina-Marino A, Klausner JD. Same-Day Treatment Following Point-of-Care Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing in Different Healthcare Settings in South Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1699-1700. [PMID: 36573007 PMCID: PMC10411922 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mandisa M Mdingi
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
| | - Remco P H Peters
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ranjana Gigi
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chibuzor Babalola
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christina A Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Medina-Marino
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Desmond Tutu Health Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Babalola CM, Peters RPH, Mukomana F, Mdingi M, Gigi RMS, Muzny CA, Taylor CM, Medina-Marino A, Klausner JD. A Call to Standardize the Definition and Method of Assessing Women for Vaginal Discharge Syndrome in Pregnancy. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad157. [PMID: 37035494 PMCID: PMC10077826 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzor M Babalola
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Remco P H Peters
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Freedom Mukomana
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
| | - Mandisa Mdingi
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
| | - Ranjana M S Gigi
- Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina A Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrew Medina-Marino
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Muzny CA, Van Gerwen OT, Schroeder JA, Kay-Duncan ES, Siwakoti K, Aaron KJ, Eastlund IC, Graves KJ, Elnaggar JH, Tamhane A, Long D, Van Wagoner N, Toh E, Taylor CM. Impact of testosterone use on the vaginal microbiota of transgender men, including susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis: study protocol for a prospective, observational study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073068. [PMID: 36972958 PMCID: PMC10069580 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of testosterone (T) therapy on the vaginal microbiota of transgender men (TGM) is not well characterised, although one cross-sectional study comparing the vaginal microbiota of cisgender women to TGM on T≥1 year found that, in 71% of the TGM, the vaginal microbiota was less likely to be Lactobacillus-dominated and more likely to be enriched with >30 other bacterial species, many associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). This prospective study aims to investigate changes in the composition of the vaginal microbiota over time in TGM who retain their natal genitalia (ie, vagina) and initiate T. In addition, we will identify changes in the vaginal microbiota preceding incident BV (iBV) in this cohort while investigating behavioural factors, along with hormonal shifts, which may be associated with iBV. METHODS AND ANALYSIS T-naïve TGM who have not undergone gender-affirming genital surgery with normal baseline vaginal microbiota (ie, no Amsel criteria, normal Nugent Score with no Gardnerella vaginalis morphotypes) will self-collect daily vaginal specimens for 7 days prior to initiating T and for 90 days thereafter. These specimens will be used for vaginal Gram stain, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterise shifts in the vaginal microbiota over time, including development of iBV. Participants will complete daily diaries on douching, menses and behavioural factors including sexual activity during the study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol is approved through the single Institutional Review Board mechanism by the University of Alabama at Birmingham. External relying sites are the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans Human Research Protection Program and the Indiana University Human Research Protection Program. Study findings will be presented at scientific conferences and peer-reviewed journals as well as shared with community advisory boards at participating gender health clinics and community-based organisations servicing transgender people. REGISTRATION DETAILS Protocol # IRB-300008073.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Olivia T Van Gerwen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Julia A Schroeder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Krishmita Siwakoti
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristal J Aaron
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Isaac C Eastlund
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Keonte J Graves
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jacob H Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tamhane
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dustin Long
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nicholas Van Wagoner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Evelyn Toh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Lima A, França A, Muzny CA, Taylor CM, Cerca N. DNA extraction leads to bias in bacterial quantification by qPCR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7993-8006. [PMID: 36374332 PMCID: PMC10493044 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) has become a widely used technique for bacterial quantification. The affordability, ease of experimental design, reproducibility, and robustness of qPCR experiments contribute to its success. The establishment of guidelines for minimum information for publication of qPCR experiments, now more than 10 years ago, aimed to mitigate the publication of contradictory data. Unfortunately, there are still a significant number of recent research articles that do not consider the main pitfalls of qPCR for quantification of biological samples, which undoubtedly leads to biased experimental conclusions. qPCR experiments have two main issues that need to be properly tackled: those related to the extraction and purification of genomic DNA and those related to the thermal amplification process. This mini-review provides an updated literature survey that critically analyzes the following key aspects of bacterial quantification by qPCR: (i) the normalization of qPCR results by using exogenous controls, (ii) the construction of adequate calibration curves, and (iii) the determination of qPCR reaction efficiency. It is primarily focused on original papers published last year, where qPCR was applied to quantify bacterial species in different types of biological samples, including multi-species biofilms, human fluids, and water and soil samples. KEY POINTS: • qPCR is a widely used technique used for absolute bacterial quantification. • Recently published papers lack proper qPCR methodologies. • Not including proper qPCR controls significantly affect experimental conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lima
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Angela França
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Christina A Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology & Microbial Genomics Resource Group, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Xu W, Lutz CG, Taylor CM, Ortega MC. Improvement of Fish Growth and Metabolism by Oligosaccharide Prebiotic Supplement. Aquac Nutr 2022; 2022:5715649. [PMID: 36860437 PMCID: PMC9973164 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5715649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Finfish aquaculture is expected to continue to benefit from significantly improved fish diets, which are the source of energy to support the growth and health of fish. Strategies to enhance the transformation rate of dietary energy and protein to fish growth are greatly desired by fish culturists. Prebiotic compounds can be used as supplements to human, animal, and fish diets to populate beneficial bacteria in the gut. The goal of the present study is to identify low-cost prebiotic compounds with high efficacy in increasing the absorption of food nutrients by fish. Several oligosaccharides were evaluated as prebiotics in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), one of the most widely cultured species in the world. Several parameters of the fish on different diets were evaluated, including feed conversion ratios (FCRs), enzymatic activities, expression of growth-related genes, and the gut microbiome. Two age groups of fish (30 days old and 90 days old) were used in this study. The results indicated that the addition of xylooligosaccharide (XOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), or XOS and GOS combination to the basic fish diet significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the fish in both age groups. Both XOS and GOS decreased the FCR of 30-day-old fish by 34.4% compared to the fish on the control diet. In the 90-day-old fish group, XOS and GOS decreased the FCR by 11.9%, while the combination of the two prebiotics led to a 20.2% decrease in FCR compared to the control group. The application of XOS and GOS also elevated the production of glutathione-related enzymes and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), indicating the enhancement of antioxidation processes in fish. These improvements were associated with significant changes in the fish gut microbiota. The abundance of Clostridium ruminantium, Brevinema andersonii, Shewanella amazonensis, Reyranella massiliensis, and Chitinilyticum aquatile were upregulated by XOS and GOS supplements. The findings of the present study suggested that the prebiotics would be more effective when they were applied to the younger fish, and the application of multiple oligosaccharide prebiotic compounds could result in a greater growth enhancement. The identified bacteria can be potentially used as probiotic supplements in the future to improve fish growth and feeding efficiency and ultimately reduce the cost of tilapia aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - Charles Greg Lutz
- Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Whitehead AK, Meyers MC, Taylor CM, Luo M, Dowd SE, Yue X, Byerley LO. Sex-Dependent Effects of Inhaled Nicotine on the Gut Microbiome. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1363-1370. [PMID: 35271725 PMCID: PMC9356677 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of nicotine, the addictive component of both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes, on many physiological processes remains poorly understood. To date, there have been few investigations into the impact of nicotine on the gut microbiome, and these studies utilized oral administration rather than inhalation. This study aimed to establish if inhaled nicotine alters the gut microbiome and the effect of sex as a biological variable. METHODS Female (n = 8 air; n = 10 nicotine) and male (n = 10 air; n = 10 nicotine) C57BL6/J mice were exposed to air (control) or nicotine vapor (12 hour/day) for 13 weeks. A fecal sample was collected from each mouse at the time of sacrifice, and the gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. QIIME2, PICRUSt, and STAMP were used to detect gut bacterial differences and functional metabolic pathways. RESULTS Sex-specific differences were observed in both alpha and beta diversities in the absence of nicotine. While nicotine alters microbial community structure in both male and female mice as revealed by the beta diversity metric, nicotine significantly reduced alpha diversity only in female mice. A total of 42 bacterial taxa from phylum to species were found to be significantly different among the treatment groups. Finally, analysis for functional genes revealed significant differences in twelve metabolic pathways in female mice and ten in male mice exposed to nicotine compared to air controls. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine inhalation alters the gut microbiome and reduces bacterial diversity in a sex-specific manner, which may contribute to the overall adverse health impact of nicotine. IMPLICATIONS The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in the well-being of the host, and traditional cigarette smoking has been shown to affect the gut microbiome. The effects of nicotine alone, however, remain largely uncharacterized. Our study demonstrates that nicotine inhalation alters the gut microbiome in a sex-specific manner, which may contribute to the adverse health consequences of inhaled nicotine. This study points to the importance of more detailed investigations into the influence of inhaled nicotine on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Whitehead
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Margaret C Meyers
- Career Alternative Registered Nurse Education Program, School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Xinping Yue
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lauri O Byerley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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21
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Miller JD, Vischel T, Fowe T, Panthou G, Wilcox C, Taylor CM, Visman E, Coulibaly G, Gonzalez P, Body R, Vesuviano G, Bouvier C, Chahinian N, Cazenave F. A modelling-chain linking climate science and decision-makers for future urban flood management in West Africa. Reg Environ Change 2022; 22:93. [PMID: 36161075 PMCID: PMC9483900 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-022-01943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intensification of the hydrological cycle resulting from climate change in West Africa poses significant risks for the region's rapidly urbanising cities, but limited research on flood risk has been undertaken at the urban domain scale. Furthermore, conventional climate models are unable to realistically represent the type of intense storms which dominate the West African monsoon. This paper presents a decision-first framing of climate research in co-production of a climate-hydrology-flooding modelling chain, linking scientists working on state-of-the-art regional climate science with decision-makers involved in city planning for future urban flood management in the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The realistic convection-permitting model over Africa (CP4A) is applied at the urban scale for the first time and data suggest significant intensification of high-impact weather events and demonstrate the importance of considering the spatio-temporal scales in CP4A. Hydrological modelling and hydraulic modelling indicate increases in peak flows and flood extents in Ouagadougou in response to climate change which will be further exacerbated by future urbanisation. Advances in decision-makers' capability for using climate information within Ouagadougou were observed, and key recommendations applicable to other regional urban areas are made. This study provides proof of concept that a decision-first modelling-chain provides a methodology for co-producing climate information that can, to some extent, bridge the usability gap between what scientists think is useful and what decision-makers need. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-022-01943-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theo Vischel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Emma Visman
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Bouvier
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nanee Chahinian
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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22
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Liu Y, Tian X, Daniel RC, Okeugo B, Armbrister SA, Luo M, Taylor CM, Wu G, Rhoads JM. Impact of probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on amino acid metabolism in the healthy newborn mouse. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1383-1401. [PMID: 35536363 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of feeding a single probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) on the luminal and plasma levels of amino acids and their derivatives in the suckling newborn mouse, using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that LR 17938 increased the relative abundance of many amino acids and their derivatives in stool, while it simultaneously significantly reduced the plasma levels of three amino acids (serine, citrulline, and taurine). Many peptides and dipeptides were increased in stool and plasma, notably gamma-glutamyl derivatives of amino acids, following ingestion of the LR 17938. Gamma-glutamyl transformation of amino acids facilitates their absorption. LR 17938 significantly upregulated N-acetylated amino acids, the levels of which could be useful biomarkers in plasma and warrant further investigation. Specific fecal microbiota were associated with higher levels of fecal amino acids and their derivatives. Changes in luminal and circulating levels of amino acid derivatives, polyamines, and tryptophan metabolites may be mechanistically related to probiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rhea C Daniel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beanna Okeugo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shabba A Armbrister
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Bendiks ZA, Guice J, Coulon D, Raggio AM, Page RC, Carvajal-Aldaz DG, Luo M, Welsh DA, Marx BD, Taylor CM, Husseneder C, Keenan MJ, Marco ML. Resistant starch type 2 and whole grain maize flours enrich different intestinal bacteria and metatranscriptomes. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Byerley LO, Gallivan KM, Christopher CJ, Taylor CM, Luo M, Dowd SE, Davis GM, Castro HF, Campagna SR, Ondrak KS. Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Variations in Self-Identified Muscle Builders Who Report Using Protein Supplements. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030533. [PMID: 35276896 PMCID: PMC8839395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle builders frequently consume protein supplements, but little is known about their effect on the gut microbiota. This study compared the gut microbiome and metabolome of self-identified muscle builders who did or did not report consuming a protein supplement. Twenty-two participants (14 males and 8 females) consumed a protein supplement (PS), and seventeen participants (12 males and 5 females) did not (No PS). Participants provided a fecal sample and completed a 24-h food recall (ASA24). The PS group consumed significantly more protein (118 ± 12 g No PS vs. 169 ± 18 g PS, p = 0.02). Fecal metabolome and microbiome were analyzed by using untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Metabolomic analysis identified distinct metabolic profiles driven by allantoin (VIP score = 2.85, PS 2.3-fold higher), a catabolic product of uric acid. High-protein diets contain large quantities of purines, which gut microbes degrade to uric acid and then allantoin. The bacteria order Lactobacillales was higher in the PS group (22.6 ± 49 No PS vs. 136.5 ± 38.1, PS (p = 0.007)), and this bacteria family facilitates purine absorption and uric acid decomposition. Bacterial genes associated with nucleotide metabolism pathways (p < 0.001) were more highly expressed in the No PS group. Both fecal metagenomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that the PS group’s higher protein intake impacted nitrogen metabolism, specifically altering nucleotide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri O. Byerley
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Karyn M. Gallivan
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
| | - Courtney J. Christopher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (C.M.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (C.M.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, 503 Clovis Rd, Shallowater, TX 79363, USA;
| | - Gregory M. Davis
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70401, USA;
| | - Hector F. Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kristin S. Ondrak
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
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Gu M, Samuelson DR, de la Rua NM, Charles TP, Taylor CM, Luo M, Siggins RW, Shellito JE, Welsh DA. Host innate and adaptive immunity shapes the gut microbiota biogeography. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:330-341. [PMID: 35067963 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has a fundamental role in the development and the maturation of the host immune system. Both innate and adaptive immune cells have critical functions in microbial pathogen containment and clearance, but the regulation of the commensal microbiome ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract by these major immune cell populations is incompletely defined. We investigated the role of specific innate and adaptive immune cell in the regulation of the microbiota in the intestinal tract biogeographically. Dendritic cells, macrophages, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, and B-cells were depleted using monoclonal antibodies and clodronate liposomes, and the microbial communities was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. With specific immune cell depletion, distinct microbiota changes were observed. In general, immune cell depleted mice had higher microbiota richness and evenness at all gut anatomical sites. At each gut segment, samples from immune cell-depleted animals clustered away from the Isotype/Liposome control mice. This was especially dramatic for small intestinal microbiota. Specifically, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides acidifaciens and Mucispirillum schaedleri were highly enriched in the mucosa and lumen of the small intestine in immune cell-deficient animals. Further, the mucosal microbiota had higher microbiota evenness compared to luminal microbiota at all gut segments, and the UniFrac distance between B cell depleted and isotype control mice was the largest in duodenum followed by ileum and colon. Taken together, our data suggest that innate and adaptive immune cells specifically contribute to the regulation of the gut microbiota's biogeographical distribution along the gastrointestinal tract, and microbiota in duodenum mucosa are more responsive to host immune changes compared to other anatomical sites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Derrick R Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicholas M de la Rua
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tysheena P Charles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert W Siggins
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Judd E Shellito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Boolani A, Gallivan KM, Ondrak KS, Christopher CJ, Castro HF, Campagna SR, Taylor CM, Luo M, Dowd SE, Smith ML, Byerley LO. Trait Energy and Fatigue May Be Connected to Gut Bacteria among Young Physically Active Adults: An Exploratory Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030466. [PMID: 35276824 PMCID: PMC8839554 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific evidence suggests that traits energy and fatigue are two unique unipolar moods with distinct mental and physical components. This exploratory study investigated the correlation between mental energy (ME), mental fatigue (MF), physical energy (PE), physical fatigue (PF), and the gut microbiome. The four moods were assessed by survey, and the gut microbiome and metabolome were determined from 16 S rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomics analysis, respectively. Twenty subjects who were 31 ± 5 y, physically active, and not obese (26.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2) participated. Bacteroidetes (45%), the most prominent phyla, was only negatively correlated with PF. The second most predominant and butyrate-producing phyla, Firmicutes (43%), had members that correlated with each trait. However, the bacteria Anaerostipes was positively correlated with ME (0.048, p = 0.032) and negatively with MF (−0.532, p = 0.016) and PF (−0.448, p = 0.048), respectively. Diet influences the gut microbiota composition, and only one food group, processed meat, was correlated with the four moods—positively with MF (0.538, p = 0.014) and PF (0.513, p = 0.021) and negatively with ME (−0.790, p < 0.001) and PE (−0.478, p = 0.021). Only the Firmicutes genus Holdemania was correlated with processed meat (r = 0.488, p = 0.029). Distinct metabolic profiles were observed, yet these profiles were not significantly correlated with the traits. Study findings suggest that energy and fatigue are unique traits that could be defined by distinct bacterial communities not driven by diet. Larger studies are needed to confirm these exploratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Boolani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.O.B.); Tel.: +504-319-5828 (A.B.); +704-340-4482 (L.O.B.)
| | - Karyn M. Gallivan
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
| | - Kristin S. Ondrak
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
| | - Courtney J. Christopher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Hector F. Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (C.M.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (C.M.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, 503 Clovis Rd, Shallowater, TX 79363, USA;
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 37916, USA;
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77807, USA
| | - Lauri O. Byerley
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.O.B.); Tel.: +504-319-5828 (A.B.); +704-340-4482 (L.O.B.)
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Obanda DN, Keenan MJ, Page R, Raggio AM, Taylor CM, Marx BD, Stout RW, Guice J, Luo M, Welsh DA, Coulon D, Husseneder C. Gut Microbiota Composition and Predicted Microbial Metabolic Pathways of Obesity Prone and Obesity Resistant Outbred Sprague-Dawley CD Rats May Account for Differences in Their Phenotype. Front Nutr 2021; 8:746515. [PMID: 34950687 PMCID: PMC8691123 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.746515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Like humans, outbred Sprague-Dawley CD rats exhibit a polygenic pattern of inheritance of the obese phenotype and not all individuals exposed to a high calorie intake develop obesity. We hypothesized that differences in gut microbiota composition account for phenotype differences between obese prone (OP) and obese resistant (OR) rats. We studied the gut microbiota composition of OPand OR rats after a high fat (HF) diet and how they respond to fermentation of resistant starch (RS). In phase 1 of the study 28 OP and 28 OR rats were fed a HF diet. In order to determine causal role of microbiota on phenotypes, In phase 2, a microbiota transplant between the two phenotypes was performed before switching all rats to a HF diet supplemented with 20% RS. We determined microbiota composition by 16S sequencing and predicted microbiota function by PICRUSt2. Despite a similar calorie intake, in phase 2 OP rats gained more weight and accumulated more abdominal fat in both phase 1 and 2 compared to OR rats (P < 0.001; n = 6). The OP rats fermented RS more robustly compared with OR rats with an increase in total bacteria, short chain fatty acids, and increased weight of the cecum, but microbiota of OP rats had much lower alpha diversity and evenness. The microbiota of OP rats, had higher amounts of bacteria from order Bacteroidales, specifically family Muribaculaceae (S24-7), which is known to possess several starch degrading enzymes and was reported in previous studies to increase with fermentation of RS. The OR rats fermented RS less but had higher bacterial diversity and evenness and had significantly higher bacterial counts from phylum Firmicutes particularly order Clostridiales, genus Clostridium and an uncultured bacterium of the genus Akkermansia. The microbiota of OR rats had enhanced bacterial chemotaxis, phosphotransferase system (PTS), and fatty acid biosynthesis compared to OP rats whose microbiota had higher glycan degradation and LPS biosynthesis pathways. The microbiota transplant did not change obesity phenotype or microbiota composition. In conclusion, a higher alpha-diversity and evenness of the microbiota and higher proportions of Clostridiales and Akkermansia in OR rats were associated with a better metabolic phenotype with lower body fat. However, robust RS fermentation caused a lower diversity and evenness and did not result in a leaner phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N Obanda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Keenan
- LSU Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Ryan Page
- LSU Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Anne M Raggio
- LSU Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- LSU School of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Brian D Marx
- LSU Department of Experimental Statistics, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Rhett W Stout
- LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Meng Luo
- LSU School of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - David A Welsh
- LSU School of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Diana Coulon
- LSU Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Claudia Husseneder
- LSU Department of Entomology, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Greer M, Elnaggar J, Taylor CM, Shen L. Mycoplasma decontamination in Chlamydia trachomatis culture: a curative approach. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6464140. [PMID: 34918079 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma contamination of cell culture represents a serious problem in research and decontamination from cell-propagated obligate intracellular bacteria has proven challenging. Here, we presented an optimized protocol to remove Mycoplasma from contaminated Chlamydia trachomatis culture. A stepwise procedure of Mycoplasma removal entails (i) incubation in nonionic detergent containing solution, and (ii) separation of viable chlamydial organisms by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), followed by subcloning using a focus-forming assay. We also adapted a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using paired universal and Mycoplasma-specific primers, which are distinguishable from the C. trachomatis counterparts, in combination with Sanger sequencing to determine the presence of mycoplasmas' 16S rRNA genes. These integrated approaches allow for full removal of Mycoplasma, as verified by the improved PCR assay, without compromising the capacity of viable C. trachomatis to adapt to new infection in epithelial cells. Some pitfalls during the Mycoplasma decontamination process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Greer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jacob Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Samuelson DR, Gu M, Shellito JE, Molina PE, Taylor CM, Luo M, Welsh DA. Pulmonary immune cell trafficking promotes host defense against alcohol-associated Klebsiella pneumonia. Commun Biol 2021; 4:997. [PMID: 34426641 PMCID: PMC8382828 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota generates many different metabolites which are critical for the regulation of host signaling pathways. In fact, a wide-range of diseases are associated with increased levels of local or systemic microbe-derived metabolites. In contrast, certain bacterial metabolites, such as tryptophan metabolites, are known to contribute to both local and systemic homeostasis. Chronic alcohol consumption is accompanied by alterations to intestinal microbial communities, and their functional capacities. However, little is known about the role of alcohol-associated dysbiosis on host defense against bacterial pneumonia. Our previous work using fecal transplantation demonstrated that alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis, independent of ethanol consumption, increased susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumonia. Here, we demonstrate that intestinal microbiota treatments mitigate the increased risk of alcohol-associated pneumonia. Treatment with the microbial metabolite indole or with probiotics reduced pulmonary and extrapulmonary bacterial burden, restored immune responses, and improved cellular trafficking required for host defense. Protective effects were, in part, mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR), as inhibition of AhR diminished the protective effects. Thus, alcohol appears to impair the production/processing of tryptophan catabolites resulting in immune dysregulation and impaired cellular trafficking. These data support microbiota therapeutics as novel strategies to mitigate the increased risk for alcohol-associated bacterial pneumonia. Samuelson et al show that alcohol impairs the production/processing of microbial metabolites, specifically tryptophan catabolites, resulting in immune dysregulation and impaired cellular trafficking for optimal host defense. The metabolite, indole, or probiotics making indole metabolites mitigate alcohol-induced susceptibility to Klebsiella-associated pneumonia, and that the mechanisms are partially dependent on AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick R Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Judd E Shellito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Liu Y, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Park ES, Freeborn J, Luo M, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG differentially affect gut microbes and metabolites in mice with Treg deficiency. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G969-G981. [PMID: 33787352 PMCID: PMC8285589 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00072.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Treg deficiency causes a lethal, CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmune disease called IPEX syndrome (immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, with X-linked inheritance) in humans and in the scurfy (SF) mouse, a mouse model of the disease. Feeding Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938, LR) to SF mice reprograms the gut microbiota, reduces disease progression, and prolongs lifespan. However, the efficacy and mechanism of LR, compared with other probiotics, in producing these effects is unknown. We compared LR with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), an extensively investigated probiotic. LR was more effective than LGG in prolonging survival. Both probiotics restored the fecal microbial alpha diversity, but they produced distinct fecal bacterial clusters and differentially modulated microbial relative abundance (RA). LR increased the RA of phylum_Firmicutes, genus_Oscillospira whereas LR reduced phylum_Bacteroidetes, genus_Bacteroides and genus_Parabacteroides, reversing changes attributed to the SF phenotype. LGG primarily reduced the RA of genus_Bacteroides. Both LR and LGG reduced the potentially pathogenic taxon class_γ-proteobacteria. Plasma metabolomics revealed substantial differences among 696 metabolites. We observed similar changes of many clusters of metabolites in SF mice associated with treatment with either LR or LGG. However, a unique effect of LR was to increase the abundance of plasma adenosine metabolites such as inosine, which we previously showed had immune modulatory effects. In conclusion: 1) different probiotics produce distinct signatures in the fecal microbial community in mice with Treg deficiency; and 2) when comparing different probiotics, there are strain-specific microbial products with different anti-inflammatory properties, reinforcing the concept that "one size does not fit all" in the treatment of autoimmune disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the treatment of Treg-deficiency-induced autoimmunity, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) showed greater efficacy than Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). The study demonstrated that two different probiotics produce distinct signatures in the fecal microbial community in mice with Treg deficiency, but with many similarities in global plasma metabolites in general. However, there are strain-specific microbial products with different anti-inflammatory properties, reinforcing the concept that "one size does not fit all" in the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Evelyn S Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Cai S, Paudel S, Jin L, Ghimire L, Taylor CM, Wakamatsu N, Bhattarai D, Jeyaseelan S. NLRP6 modulates neutrophil homeostasis in bacterial pneumonia-derived sepsis. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:574-584. [PMID: 33230225 PMCID: PMC8084869 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures. Optimum neutrophil recruitment and their function are critical defense mechanisms against respiratory pathogens. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRP) 6 controls gut microbiota and immune response to systemic and enteric infections. However, the importance of NLRP6 in neutrophil homeostasis following lung infection remains elusive. To investigate the role of NLRs in neutrophil homeostasis, we used Nlrp6 gene-deficient (Nlrp6-/-) mice in a model of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia-derived sepsis. We demonstrated that NLRP6 is critical for host survival, bacterial clearance, neutrophil influx, and CXC-chemokine production. Kp-infected Nlrp6-/- mice have reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem cells and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors but increased retention of matured neutrophils in bone marrow. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and NET-mediated bacterial killing were also impaired in Nlrp6-/- neutrophils in vitro. Furthermore, recombinant CXCL1 rescued the impaired host defense, granulopoietic response, and NETosis in Kp-infected Nlrp6-/- mice. Using A/J background mice and co-housing experiments, our findings revealed that the susceptible phenotype of Nlrp6-/- mice is not strain-specific and gut microbiota-dependent. Taken together, these data unveil NLRP6 as a central regulator of neutrophil recruitment, generation, and function during bacterial pneumonia followed by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cai
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Sagar Paudel
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Liliang Jin
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Dinesh Bhattarai
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112,Address Correspondence: S. Jeyaseelan, DVM, PhD, Professor and Director, Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Pathobiological Sciences, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; Phone: 225-578-9524; Fax: 225-578-9701;
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Mott PD, Taylor CM, Lillis RA, Ardizzone CM, Albritton HL, Luo M, Calabresi KG, Martin DH, Myers L, Quayle AJ. Differences in the Genital Microbiota in Women Who Naturally Clear Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Compared to Women Who Do Not Clear; A Pilot Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:615770. [PMID: 33912473 PMCID: PMC8072278 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.615770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies indicate IFNγ is central to Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) eradication, but its function may be compromised by anaerobes typically associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), a frequent co-morbidity in women with Ct. Here we investigated the associations between natural clearance of cervical Ct infection, the vaginal microbiome, and the requirements for IFNγ by evaluating the vaginal microbial and cytokine composition of Ct treatment visit samples from women who cleared Ct infection in the interim between their Ct screening and Ct treatment visit. The pilot cohort was young, predominantly African American, and characterized by a high rate of BV that was treated with metronidazole at the Ct screening visit. The rate of natural Ct clearance was 23.6% by the Ct treatment visit (median 9 days). 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that metronidazole-treated women who had a Lactobacillus spp.-dominant vaginal microbiota (CST 2 or 3) at the Ct treatment visit, were more prevalent in the Ct clearing population than the non-clearing population (86% v. 50%). L. iners (CST2) was the major Lactobacillus spp. present in Ct clearers, and 33% still remained anaerobe-dominant (CST1). Vaginal IFNγ levels were not significantly different in Ct clearers and non-clearers and were several logs lower than that required for killing Ct in vitro. An expanded panel of IFNγ-induced and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines also did not reveal differences between Ct clearers and non-clearers, but, rather, suggested signatures better associated with specific CSTs. Taken together, these findings suggest that BV-associated bacteria may impede Ct clearance, but a Lactobacillus spp.-dominant microbiome is not an absolute requirement to clear. Further, IFNγ may be required at lower concentrations than in vitro modeling indicates, suggesting it may act together with other factors in vivo. Data also revealed that the vaginal bacteria-driven inflammation add complexity to the genital cytokine milieu, but changes in this microbiota may contribute to, or provide cytokine biomarkers, for a shift to Ct clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Dehon Mott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Lillis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Caleb M. Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hannah L. Albritton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn G. Calabresi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - David H. Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alison J. Quayle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Gu M, Samuelson DR, Taylor CM, Molina PE, Luo M, Siggins RW, Shellito JE, Welsh DA. Alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis alters mucosal-associated invariant T-cell phenotype and function. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:934-947. [PMID: 33704802 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with a compromised innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious disease. Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play a critical role in antibacterial host defense. However, whether alcohol-associated deficits in innate and adaptive immune responses are mediated by alterations in MAIT cells remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the impact of alcohol on MAIT cells, mice were treated with binge-on-chronic alcohol for 10 days and sacrificed at day 11. MAIT cells in the barrier organs (lung, liver, and intestine) were characterized by flow cytometry. Two additional sets of animals were used to examine the involvement of gut microbiota on alcohol-induced MAIT cell changes: (1) Cecal microbiota from alcohol-fed (AF) mice were adoptive transferred into antibiotic-pretreated mice and (2) AF mice were treated with antibiotics during the experiment. MAIT cells in the barrier organs were measured via flow cytometry. RESULTS Binge-on-chronic alcohol feeding led to a significant reduction in the abundance of MAIT cells in the barrier tissues. However, CD69 expression on tissue-associated MAIT cells was increased in AF mice compared with pair-fed (PF) mice. The expression of Th1 cytokines and the corresponding transcriptional factor was tissue specific, showing downregulation in the intestine and increases in the lung and liver in AF animals. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from AF mice resulted in a MAIT cell profile aligned to that of AF mouse donor. Antibiotic treatment abolished the MAIT cell differences between AF and PF animals. CONCLUSION MAIT cells in the intestine, liver, and lung are perturbed by alcohol use and these changes are partially attributable to alcohol-associated dysbiosis. MAIT cell dysfunction may contribute to alcohol-induced innate and adaptive immunity and consequently end-organ pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Derrick R Samuelson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert W Siggins
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Judd E Shellito
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Guice J, Bendiks ZA, Coulon D, Raggio AM, Page RC, Carvajal-Aldaz DG, Lou M, Welsh DA, Marx BD, Taylor CM, Husseneder C, Marco ML, Keenan MJ. Differences in Capacity of High-Amylose Resistant Starch, Whole-Grain Flour, and a Combination of Both to Modify Intestinal Responses of Male Sprague Dawley Rats Fed Moderate and High Fat Diets. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:15176-15185. [PMID: 33291872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) responses to a high-amylose resistant starch (RS) product were compared to those observed when RS was combined with whole grain (WG) and to controls with low RS intake in rats fed moderate or high fat diets. Regardless of fat intake, rats fed RS or WG + RS diets had higher cecum weights, higher intestinal quantities of short chain fatty acids, and lower intestinal content pH, and their GIT cells had increased gene expression for gluconeogenesis and barrier function compared to controls. Whereas RS resulted in greater GIT content acetate and propionate and lowest pH, the WG + RS diets yielded higher butyrate. Rats fed the RS diet with MF had higher cecum weights than those fed either the RS diet with HF or the WG + RS diet with either MF or HF. Diets containing combinations of RS and other dietary fibers should be considered for RS-mediated GIT benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Guice
- BIO-CAT, 9117 Three Notch Road, Troy 22974, Virginia, United States
| | - Zachary A Bendiks
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Diana Coulon
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Anne M Raggio
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Ryan C Page
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Diana G Carvajal-Aldaz
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Meng Lou
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - David A Welsh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - Brian D Marx
- Experimental Statistics, LSU, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | | | - Maria L Marco
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Michael J Keenan
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
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Xue J, Zhang B, Lamori J, Shah K, Zabaleta J, Garai J, Taylor CM, Sherchan SP. Molecular detection of opportunistic pathogens and insights into microbial diversity in private well water and premise plumbing. J Water Health 2020; 18:820-834. [PMID: 33095203 PMCID: PMC9115838 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Private well water systems in rural areas that are improperly maintained will result in poor drinking water quality, loss of water supply, and pose human health risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and opportunistic pathogens in private well water in rural areas surrounding New Orleans, Louisiana. Our results confirmed the ubiquitous nature of Legionella (86.7%) and mycobacteria (68.1%) in private well water in the study area, with gene concentration ranged from 0.60 to 5.53 and 0.67 to 5.95 Log10 of GC/100 mL, respectively. Naegleria fowleri target sequence was detected in 16.8% and Escherichia coli was detected in 43.4% of the water samples. Total coliform, as well as Legionella and mycobacteria genetic markers' concentrations were significantly reduced by 3-minute flushing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data indicated that the abundance of bacterial species was significantly increased in water collected in kitchens compared with samples from wells directly. This study provided integrated knowledge on the persistence of pathogenic organisms in private well water. Further study is needed to explore the presence of clinical species of those opportunistic pathogens in private well water systems to elucidate the health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xue
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA E-mail:
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306, USA
| | - Jennifer Lamori
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA E-mail:
| | - Kinjal Shah
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA E-mail:
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Jone Garai
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA E-mail:
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Maffei VJ, Siggins RW, Luo M, Brashear MM, Mercante DE, Taylor CM, Molina P, Welsh DA. Alcohol Use Is Associated With Intestinal Dysbiosis and Dysfunctional CD8+ T-Cell Phenotypes in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1029-1039. [PMID: 32725203 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation persists among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy and may contribute to T-cell dysfunction. Alcohol use is prevalent among PWH and promotes intestinal leak, dysbiosis, and a proinflammatory milieu. Whether alcohol use is associated with T-cell late differentiation remains to be investigated. METHODS Data and samples from PWH (N = 359 of 365) enrolled in the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV Study were used. Alcohol use was assessed by self-report (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; lifetime alcohol exposure; 30-day Alcohol Timeline Followback) and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) quantitation. In a subset of participants, fecal bacterial content was assessed by ribosomal 16S marker gene deep sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Intestinal leak was assessed by fecal-to-plasma α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ratio. Peripheral T-cell populations were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scores were positively associated with activated-senescent, exhausted, and terminal effector memory CD45RA+CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells (cells/μL) after confounder adjustment (P < .050). Phosphatidylethanol was positively associated with A1AT (P < .050). The PEth and activated-senescent CD8+ were associated with bacterial β-diversity (P < .050) and positively associated with the relative abundance of coabundant Prevotellaceae members (q < .100). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use among PWH is associated with CD8+ T-cell late differentiation, intestinal leak, and dysbiosis. Alcohol-associated dysbiosis is implicated in CD8+ T-cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Maffei
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert W Siggins
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Meghan M Brashear
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Donald E Mercante
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patricia Molina
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M Douglas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Vincent J Maffei
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jesse R Zaneveld
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of STEM, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Svetlana N Yurgel
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - James R Brown
- Computational Biology, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Biostatistics Department, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Muzny CA, Taylor CM, Swords WE, Tamhane A, Chattopadhyay D, Cerca N, Schwebke JR. An Updated Conceptual Model on the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Vaginosis. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1399-1405. [PMID: 31369673 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge. It is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery, pelvic inflammatory disease, and an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The epidemiology of BV supports sexual transmission. However, its etiology remains unknown. At the center of the debate is whether BV is caused by a primary pathogen or a polymicrobial consortium of microorganisms that are sexually transmitted. We previously published a conceptual model hypothesizing that BV is initiated by sexual transmission of Gardnerella vaginalis. Critics of this model have iterated that G. vaginalis is found in virginal women and in sexually active women with a normal vaginal microbiota. In addition, colonization does not always lead to BV. However, recent advances in BV pathogenesis research have determined the existence of 13 different species within the genus Gardnerella. It may be that healthy women are colonized by nonpathogenic Gardnerella species, whereas virulent strains are involved in BV development. Based on our results from a recent prospective study, in addition to an extensive literature review, we present an updated conceptual model for the pathogenesis of BV that centers on the roles of virulent strains of G. vaginalis, as well as Prevotella bivia and Atopobium vaginae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.,Microbial Genomics Resource Group, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - W Edward Swords
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ashutosh Tamhane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Nuno Cerca
- Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jane R Schwebke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Rendon D, Hamby KA, Arsenault-Benoit AL, Taylor CM, Evans RK, Roubos CR, Sial AA, Rogers M, Petran A, Van Timmeren S, Fanning P, Isaacs R, Walton V. Mulching as a cultural control strategy for Drosophila suzukii in blueberry. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:55-66. [PMID: 31207075 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit growers largely depend on chemical control to reduce populations of the economically damaging invasive fly, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). Drosophila suzukii is susceptible to high temperatures and low humidity; therefore, it may be possible to implement cultural control practices that create microclimates unfavorable for its development and survival. In addition to other fruit production benefits, in-row mulches may impede the development of D. suzukii immatures when larvae leave the fruit to pupate in the soil. This study compared the effects of different mulches (black polypropylene fabric weedmats, sawdust, and wood chips) on temperature and relative humidity (RH), and on adult emergence of D. suzukii from larvae in blueberries and pupae, both above and below the ground surface in blueberry plantings (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). RESULTS Across regions, both lower larval survival and longer periods with high suboptimal temperatures occurred above the ground in comparison to buried below the ground, regardless of mulch type. Fewer D. suzukii adults emerged from larvae on weedmat mulch at one site, but there was no effect of mulch type on temperature, RH, or D. suzukii emergence at most sites. The relationships between temperature, RH, and the emergence of adults from larvae and pupae varied by region. Natural infestation by D. suzukii in blueberries was lower over weedmat compared to wood-based mulches at one site. Greenhouse experiments showed that larvae burrowed to pupate underneath sawdust mulch, but were unable to pupate underneath a weedmat mulch. CONCLUSIONS Although weedmats may not modify temperatures or RH enough to consistently affect D. suzukii emergence, they can reduce field suitability for D. suzukii by providing a barrier that prevents larvae from reaching favorable pupation microhabitats underground. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Rendon
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kelly A Hamby
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Richard K Evans
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Craig R Roubos
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ashfaq A Sial
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mary Rogers
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Petran
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Philip Fanning
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vaughn Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Liu Y, Tian X, He B, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Blanchard E, Freeborn J, Park S, Luo M, Couturier J, Tran DQ, Roos S, Wu G, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 feeding of healthy newborn mice regulates immune responses while modulating gut microbiota and boosting beneficial metabolites. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G824-G838. [PMID: 31482733 PMCID: PMC6962498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00107.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) prevents necrotizing enterocolitis and inhibits regulatory T-cell (Treg)-deficiency-associated autoimmunity in mice. In humans, LR reduces crying time in breastfed infants with colic, modifies severity in infants with acute diarrheal illnesses, and improves pain in children with functional bowel disorders. In healthy breastfed newborns with evolving microbial colonization, it is unclear if early administration of LR can modulate gut microbiota and their metabolites in such a way as to promote homeostasis. We gavaged LR (107 colony-forming units/day, daily) to C57BL/6J mice at age of day 8 for 2 wk. Both male and female mice were investigated in these experiments. We found that feeding LR did not affect clinical phenotype or inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and stool, but LR increased the proportion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestine. LR also increased bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of p_Firmicutes, f_Lachnospiraceae, f_Ruminococcaceae, and genera Clostridium and Candidatus arthromitus, while decreasing the relative abundance of p_Bacteriodetes, f_Bacteroidaceae, f_Verrucomicrobiaceae, and genera Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Akkermansia, and Sutterella. Finally, LR exerted a major impact on the plasma metabolome, upregulating amino acid metabolites formed via the urea, tricarboxylic acid, and methionine cycles and increasing tryptophan metabolism. In conclusion, early oral administration of LR to healthy breastfed mice led to microbial and metabolic changes which could be beneficial to general health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) to healthy breastfed mice promotes intestinal immune tolerance and is linked to proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota. LR upregulates plasma metabolites that are involved in the urea cycle, the TCA cycle, methionine methylation, and the polyamine pathway. Herein, we show that LR given to newborn mice specifically increases levels of tryptophan metabolites and the purine nucleoside adenosine that are known to enhance tolerance to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Baokun He
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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Van Der Pol WJ, Kumar R, Morrow CD, Blanchard EE, Taylor CM, Martin DH, Lefkowitz EJ, Muzny CA. In Silico and Experimental Evaluation of Primer Sets for Species-Level Resolution of the Vaginal Microbiota Using 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequencing. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:305-314. [PMID: 30535155 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of bacteria in human vaginal specimens is commonly performed using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. However, studies utilize different 16S primer sets, sequence databases, and parameters for sample and database clustering. Our goal was to assess the ability of these methods to detect common species of vaginal bacteria. Methods We performed an in silico analysis of 16S rRNA gene primer sets, targeting different hypervariable regions. Using vaginal samples from women with bacterial vaginosis, we sequenced 16S genes using the V1-V3, V3-V4, and V4 primer sets. For analysis, we used an extended Greengenes database including 16S gene sequences from vaginal bacteria not already present. We compared results with those obtained using the SILVA 16S database. Using multiple database and sample clustering parameters, each primer set's ability to detect common vaginal bacteria at the species level was determined. We also compared these methods to the use of DADA2 for denoising and clustering of sequence reads. Results V4 sequence reads clustered at 99% identity and using the 99% clustered, extended Greengenes database provided optimal species-level identification of vaginal bacteria. Conclusions This study is a first step toward standardizing methods for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of vaginal microbiome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Van Der Pol
- Biomedical Informatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Biomedical Informatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Eugene E Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - David H Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health, New Orleans.,Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Biomedical Informatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Christina A Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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He B, Liu Y, Hoang TK, Tian X, Taylor CM, Luo M, Tran DQ, Tatevian N, Rhoads JM. Antibiotic-modulated microbiome suppresses lethal inflammation and prolongs lifespan in Treg-deficient mice. Microbiome 2019; 7:145. [PMID: 31699146 PMCID: PMC6839243 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency leads to IPEX syndrome, a lethal autoimmune disease, in Human and mice. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in Treg-deficient scurfy (SF) mice has been described, but to date, the role of the gut microbiota remains to be determined. RESULTS To examine how antibiotic-modified microbiota can inhibit Treg deficiency-induced lethal inflammation in SF mice, Treg-deficient SF mice were treated with three different antibiotics. Different antibiotics resulted in distinct microbiota and metabolome changes and led to varied efficacy in prolonging lifespan and reducing inflammation in the liver and lung. Moreover, antibiotics altered plasma levels of several cytokines, especially IL-6. By analyzing gut microbiota and metabolome, we determined the microbial and metabolomic signatures which were associated with the antibiotics. Remarkably, antibiotic treatments restored the levels of several primary and secondary bile acids, which significantly reduced IL-6 expression in RAW macrophages in vitro. IL-6 blockade prolonged lifespan and inhibited inflammation in the liver and lung. By using IL-6 knockout mice, we further identified that IL-6 deletion provided a significant portion of the protection against inflammation induced by Treg dysfunction. CONCLUSION Our results show that three antibiotics differentially prolong survival and inhibit lethal inflammation in association with a microbiota-IL-6 axis. This pathway presents a potential avenue for treating Treg deficiency-mediated autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nina Tatevian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Samuelson DR, Siggins RW, Ruan S, Amedee AM, Sun J, Zhu QK, Marasco WA, Taylor CM, Luo M, Welsh DA, Shellito JE. Alcohol consumption increases susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia in a humanized murine HIV model mediated by intestinal dysbiosis. Alcohol 2019; 80:33-43. [PMID: 30213614 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use in persons living with HIV (PLWH) worsens the severity of bacterial pneumonia. However, the exact mechanism(s) by which this occurs remain ill-defined. We hypothesized that alcohol in the setting of HIV infection decreases Streptococcus pneumoniae clearance from the lung through mechanisms mediated by the gut microbiota. Humanized BLT (bone marrow, liver, thymus) mice were infected with 1 × 104 TCID50 of HIV (BAL and JRCSF strains) via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. One week post-HIV infection, animals were switched to a Lieber-DeCarli 5% ethanol diet or an isocaloric control diet for 10 days. Alcohol-fed animals were also given two binges of 2 g/kg ethanol on days 5 and 10. Feces were also collected, banked, and the community structures were analyzed. Mice were then infected with 1 × 105 CFU (colony-forming units) of S. pneumoniae and were sacrificed 48 h later. HIV-infected mice had viral loads of ∼2 × 104 copies/mL of blood 1 week post-infection, and exhibited an ∼57% decrease in the number of circulating CD4+ T cells at the time of sacrifice. Fecal microbial community structure was significantly different in each of the feeding groups, as well as with HIV infection. Alcohol-fed mice had a significantly higher burden of S. pneumoniae 48 h post-infection, regardless of HIV status. In follow-up experiments, female C57BL/6 mice were treated with a cocktail of antibiotics daily for 2 weeks and recolonized by gavage with intestinal microbiota from HIV+ ethanol-fed, HIV+ pair-fed, HIV- ethanol-fed, or HIV- pair-fed mice. Recolonized mice were then infected with S. pneumoniae and were sacrificed 48 h later. The intestinal microbiota from alcohol-fed mice (regardless of HIV status) significantly impaired clearance of S. pneumoniae. Collectively, these data indicate that alcohol feeding, as well as alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis, compromise pulmonary host defenses against pneumococcal pneumonia. Determining whether HIV infection acts synergistically with alcohol use in impairing pulmonary host defenses will require additional study.
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Alexandrov PN, Hill JM, Zhao Y, Bond T, Taylor CM, Percy ME, Li W, Lukiw WJ. Aluminum-induced generation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the human gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microbiome-resident Bacteroides fragilis. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110886. [PMID: 31707334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome: (i) are capable of generating a broad-spectrum of highly neurotoxic, pro-inflammatory and potentially pathogenic molecules; and (ii) these include a highly immunogenic class of amphipathic surface glycolipids known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), a commensal, Gram negative, non-motile, non-spore forming obligatory anaerobic bacillus, and one of the most abundant bacteria found in the human GI tract, produces a particularly pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic LPS (BF-LPS). BF-LPS: (i) is known to be secreted from the B. fragilis outer membrane into the external-medium; (ii) can damage biophysiological barriers via cleavage of zonula adherens cell-cell adhesion proteins, thereby disrupting both the GI-tract barrier and the blood-brain barrier (BBB); (iii) is able to transit GI-tract barriers into the systemic circulation and cross the BBB into the human CNS; and (iv) accumulates within CNS neurons in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This short communication provides evidence that the incubation of B. fragilis with aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] is a potent inducer of BF-LPS. The results suggest for the first time that the pro-inflammatory properties of aluminum may not only be propagated by aluminum itself, but by a stimulation in the production of microbiome-derived BF-LPS and other pro-inflammatory pathogenic microbial products normally secreted from human GI-tract-resident microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Alexandrov
- Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow 113152, Russian Federation
| | - J M Hill
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - T Bond
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - C M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - M E Percy
- Departments of Neurogenetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - W Li
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - W J Lukiw
- Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow 113152, Russian Federation; LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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45
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Muzny CA, Blanchard E, Taylor CM, Aaron KJ, Talluri R, Griswold ME, Redden DT, Luo M, Welsh DA, Van Der Pol WJ, Lefkowitz EJ, Martin DH, Schwebke JR. Identification of Key Bacteria Involved in the Induction of Incident Bacterial Vaginosis: A Prospective Study. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:966-978. [PMID: 29718358 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sequence of events preceding incident bacterial vaginosis (iBV) is unclear. Methods African American women who have sex with women, who had no Amsel criteria and Nugent scores of 0-3, were followed for 90 days to detect iBV (defined as a Nugent score of 7-10 on at least 2-3 consecutive days), using self-collected vaginal swab specimens. For women with iBV (cases) and women maintaining normal vaginal flora (healthy women), 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing targeting V4 was performed. Longitudinal vaginal microbiome data were analyzed. Results Of 204 women screened, 42 enrolled; of these, 45% developed iBV. Sequencing was performed on 448 specimens from 14 cases and 8 healthy women. Among healthy women, Lactobacillus crispatus dominated the vaginal microbiota in 75%. In contrast, prior to iBV, the vaginal microbiota in 79% of cases was dominated by Lactobacillus iners and/or Lactobacillus jensenii/Lactobacillus gasseri. The mean relative abundance of Prevotella bivia, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, and Megasphaera type I became significantly higher in cases 4 days before (P. bivia), 3 days before (G. vaginalis), and on the day of (A. vaginae and Megasphaera type I) iBV onset. The mean relative abundance of Sneathia sanguinegens, Finegoldia magna, BV-associated bacteria 1-3, and L. iners was not significantly different between groups before onset of iBV. Conclusion G. vaginalis, P. bivia, A. vaginae, and Megasphaera type I may play significant roles in iBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, New Orleans, Louisiana.,BusPatrol America, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Microbial Genomics Resource Group, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Rajesh Talluri
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - David T Redden
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Microbial Genomics Resource Group, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David A Welsh
- Microbial Genomics Resource Group, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy/Immunology, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David H Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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46
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Samuelson DR, Gu M, Shellito JE, Molina PE, Taylor CM, Luo M, Welsh DA. Intestinal Microbial Products From Alcohol-Fed Mice Contribute to Intestinal Permeability and Peripheral Immune Activation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2122-2133. [PMID: 31407808 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use causes significant disruption of intestinal microbial communities, yet exactly how these dysbiotic communities interact with the host is unclear. We sought to understand the role of microbial products associated with alcohol dysbiosis in mice on intestinal permeability and immune activation in an in vitro model system. METHODS Microbiota samples from binge-on-chronic alcohol-fed and pair-fed male and female mice were cultured in Gifu Anaerobic Broth for 24 hours under anaerobic conditions. Live/whole organisms were removed, and microbial products were collected and added to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or polarized C2BBe1 intestinal epithelial monolayers. Following stimulation, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured using a volt/ohm meter and immune activation of PBMC was assessed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Microbial products from male and female alcohol-fed mice significantly decreased TEER (mean percentage change from baseline alcohol-fed 0.86 Ω/cm2 vs. pair-fed 1.10 Ω/cm2 ) compared to microbial products from control mice. Following ex vivo stimulation, immune activation of PBMC was assessed via flow cytometry. We found that microbial products from alcohol-fed mice significantly increased the percentage of CD38+ CD4+ (mean alcohol-fed 17.32% ± 0.683% standard deviation (SD) vs. mean pair-fed 14.2% ± 1.21% SD, p < 0.05) and CD8+ (mean alcohol-fed 20.28% ± 0.88% SD vs. mean pair-fed 12.58% ± 3.59% SD, p < 0.05) T cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that microbial products contribute to immune activation and intestinal permeability associated with alcohol dysbiosis. Further, utilization of these ex vivo microbial product assays will allow us to rapidly assess the impact of microbial products on intestinal permeability and immune activation and to identify probiotic therapies to ameliorate these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick R Samuelson
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Min Gu
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Judd E Shellito
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David A Welsh
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Liu Y, He B, Hoang TK, Tian X, Taylor CM, Blanchard EE, Luo M, Bhattacharjee MB, Freeborn J, Park S, Couturier J, Lindsey JW, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by modulating gut microbiota. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.193.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, how to modulate microbiota to prevent or treat MS remain largely unknown. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) has anti-inflammatory effects in mouse models of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and Treg-deficiency-induced autoimmune disease. L. reuteri in these models modulated gut microbiota and microbiota-associated metabolites to inhibit TH1 and TH2 differentiation and their-associated cytokines, significantly ameliorating the severity of these diseases. An in vitro study indicated that L. reuteri inhibits the differentiation of naïve CD4+T cells into TH17 and TH1 cells. We determined the effect of L. reuteri on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, a widely used animal model of MS, a model which is primarily mediated by TH17 and TH1 cells. We discovered that L. reuteri treatment reduced TH1/TH17 cells and their associated cytokines IFN-γ/IL-17 in EAE, inhibiting the development of EAE. We also showed that the loss of diversity in gut microbiota induced by EAE was largely restored by L. reuteri treatment. Taxonomy-based analysis of gut microbiota showed that the “beneficial” genera Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with EAE clinical severity scores, whereas the genera Anaeroplasma, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridium were positively correlated. Notably, L. reuteri treatment altered the relative abundances of these EAE-associated taxa in mice. In conclusion, probiotic L. reuteri changed gut microbiota to modulate immune responses in EAE, making it a novel candidate in future studies to modify the severity of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Baokun He
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- 2Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- 3Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Eugene E Blanchard
- 3Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Meng Luo
- 3Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee
- 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Sinyoung Park
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Jacob Couturier
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - J William Lindsey
- 6Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Dat Q Tran
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
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48
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Xue J, Schmitz BW, Caton K, Zhang B, Zabaleta J, Garai J, Taylor CM, Romanchishina T, Gerba CP, Pepper IL, Sherchan SP. Assessing the spatial and temporal variability of bacterial communities in two Bardenpho wastewater treatment systems via Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Sci Total Environ 2019; 657:1543-1552. [PMID: 30677920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing provides new insights into the diversity and ecophysiology of bacteria communities throughout wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), as well as the fate of pathogens in wastewater treatment system. In the present study, we investigated the bacterial communities and human-associated Bacteroidales (HF183) marker in two WWTPs in North America that utilize Bardenpho treatment processes. Although, most pathogens were eliminated during wastewater treatment, some pathogenic bacteria were still observed in final effluents. The HF183 genetic marker demonstrated significant reductions between influent and post-Bardenpho treated samples in each WWTP, which coincided with changes in bacteria relative abundances and community compositions. Consistent with previous studies, the major phyla in wastewater samples were predominantly comprised by Proteobacteria (with Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria among the top two classes), Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Dominant genera were often members of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, including several pathogens of public health concern, such as Pseudomonas, Serratia, Streptococcus, Mycobacterium and Arcobacter. Pearson correlations were calculated to observe the seasonal variation of relative abundances of gene sequences at different levels based on the monthly average temperature. These findings profile how changes in bacterial communities can function as a robust method for monitoring wastewater treatment quality and performance for public and environmental health purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xue
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Bradley W Schmitz
- JHU/Stantec Alliance, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kevin Caton
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States of America
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Jone Garai
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Romanchishina
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Technology, and Health, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States of America
| | - Charles P Gerba
- WEST Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ian L Pepper
- WEST Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America.
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49
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He B, Hoang TK, Tian X, Taylor CM, Blanchard E, Luo M, Bhattacharjee MB, Freeborn J, Park S, Couturier J, Lindsey JW, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2019; 10:385. [PMID: 30899262 PMCID: PMC6416370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, how and if the modulation of microbiota can prevent or treat MS remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) ameliorated the development of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used animal model of MS, a model which is primarily mediated by TH17 and TH1 cells. We discovered that L. reuteri treatment reduced TH1/TH17 cells and their associated cytokines IFN-γ/IL-17 in EAE mice. We also showed that the loss of diversity of gut microbiota induced by EAE was largely restored by L. reuteri treatment. Taxonomy-based analysis of gut microbiota showed that three “beneficial” genera Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with EAE clinical severity, whereas the genera Anaeroplasma, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridium were positively correlated with disease severity. Notably, L. reuteri treatment coordinately altered the relative abundance of these EAE-associated taxa. In conclusion, probiotic L. reuteri changed gut microbiota to modulate immune responses in EAE, making it a novel candidate in future studies to modify the severity of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John William Lindsey
- Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jon Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
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50
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Taylor CM, Gallagher EA, Pollard SJT, Rocks SA, Smith HM, Leinster P, Angus AJ. Environmental regulation in transition: Policy officials' views of regulatory instruments and their mapping to environmental risks. Sci Total Environ 2019; 646:811-820. [PMID: 30064107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study re-analysed 14 semi-structured interviews with policy officials from the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) to explore the use of a variety of regulatory instruments and different levels of risk across 14 policy domains and 18 separately named risks. Interviews took place within a policy environment of a better regulation agenda and of broader regulatory reform. Of 619 (n) coded references to 5 categories of regulatory instrument, 'command and control' regulation (n = 257) and support mechanisms (n = 118) dominated the discussions, with a preference for 'command and control' cited in 8 of the policy domains. A framing analysis revealed officials' views on instrument effectiveness, including for sub-categories of the 5 key instruments. Views were mixed, though notably positive for economic instruments including taxation, fiscal instruments and information provision. An overlap analysis explored officials' mapping of public environmental risks to instrument types suited to their management. While officials frequently cite risk concepts generally within discussions, the extent of overlap for risks of specific significance was low across all risks. Only 'command and control' was mapped to risks of moderate significance in likelihood and impact severity. These results show that policy makers still prefer 'command and control' approaches when a certainty of outcome is sought and that alternative means are sought for lower risk situations. The detailed reasons for selection, including the mapping of certain instruments to specific risk characteristics, is still developing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophie A Rocks
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, UK
| | - Heather M Smith
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, UK
| | - Paul Leinster
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, UK
| | - Andrew J Angus
- Cranfield University, School of Management, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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