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Collins A, Swann JW, Proven MA, Patel CM, Mitchell CA, Kasbekar M, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Maternal inflammation regulates fetal emergency myelopoiesis. Cell 2024; 187:1402-1421.e21. [PMID: 38428422 PMCID: PMC10954379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Neonates are highly susceptible to inflammation and infection. Here, we investigate how late fetal liver (FL) mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond to inflammation, testing the hypothesis that deficits in the engagement of emergency myelopoiesis (EM) pathways limit neutrophil output and contribute to perinatal neutropenia. We show that fetal HSPCs have limited production of myeloid cells at steady state and fail to activate a classical adult-like EM transcriptional program. Moreover, we find that fetal HSPCs can respond to EM-inducing inflammatory stimuli in vitro but are restricted by maternal anti-inflammatory factors, primarily interleukin-10 (IL-10), from activating EM pathways in utero. Accordingly, we demonstrate that the loss of maternal IL-10 restores EM activation in fetal HSPCs but at the cost of fetal demise. These results reveal the evolutionary trade-off inherent in maternal anti-inflammatory responses that maintain pregnancy but render the fetus unresponsive to EM activation signals and susceptible to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Collins
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Neonatology-Perinatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - James W Swann
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melissa A Proven
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chandani M Patel
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carl A Mitchell
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Monica Kasbekar
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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2
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Li L, Liu Y, Zhou W, Yang C, Feng T, Li H. Human chorionic gonadotrophin indirectly activates peripheral γδT cells to produce interleukin-10 during early pregnancy. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1119. [PMID: 38270320 PMCID: PMC10777880 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The immunomodulatory properties of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) have been identified to be critical for successful pregnancy. However, the effects of hCG on peripheral γδT cells during early pregnancy have not been reported previously. METHODS We cocultured the purified γδT cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with early pregnancy-relevant hCG concentrations and investigated the changes in the immune functional characteristics of γδT cells via flow cytometry assays. RESULTS The ratios of CD69+ and IL-10+ γδT cells were increased in early pregnant women compared to nonpregnant women. γδT cells expressed low levels of the mannose receptor (CD206) instead of the classical hCG/LH receptor for hCG. The direct treatment of purified γδT cells with early pregnancy-relevant hCG concentrations may have no significant effects on their immune functions. Interestingly, when PBMCs were treated with the same broad range of hCG concentrations, the ratios of CD69+ and IL-10+ γδT cells to total γδT cells were significantly increased. CONCLUSION Certain early pregnancy-relevant hCG concentrations could enhance the ratios of peripheral CD69+ and IL-10+ γδT cells, contributing to the activation of γδT cells and immunological tolerance during early pregnancy. However, these affects may not be strongly mediated by direct ligand-receptor interactions and they may highly depend on immune microenvironment. Our novel observations propose a perspective into the endocrine-immune dialog that exists between the fetus and maternal immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liman Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chuan Yang
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ting Feng
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hong Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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3
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Szukiewicz D. Reproductive Immunology and Pregnancy 3.0. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16606. [PMID: 38068929 PMCID: PMC10706387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue, the third dedicated to reproductive immunology and pregnancy, is another review of the latest trends in research topics in this field [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Shao TY, Kinder JM, Harper G, Pham G, Peng Y, Liu J, Gregory EJ, Sherman BE, Wu Y, Iten AE, Hu YC, Russi AE, Erickson JJ, Miller-Handley H, Way SS. Reproductive outcomes after pregnancy-induced displacement of preexisting microchimeric cells. Science 2023; 381:1324-1330. [PMID: 37733857 PMCID: PMC10877202 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf9325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy confers partner-specific protection against complications in future pregnancy that parallel persistence of fetal microchimeric cells (FMcs) in mothers after parturition. We show that preexisting FMcs become displaced by new FMcs during pregnancy and that FMc tonic stimulation is essential for expansion of protective fetal-specific forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)-positive regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Maternal microchimeric cells and accumulation of Treg cells with noninherited maternal antigen (NIMA) specificity are similarly overturned in daughters after pregnancy, highlighting a fixed microchimeric cell niche. Whereas NIMA-specific tolerance is functionally erased by pregnancy, partner-specific resiliency against pregnancy complications persists in mothers despite paternity changes in intervening pregnancy. Persistent fetal tolerance reflects FOXP3 expression plasticity, which allows mothers to more durably remember their babies, whereas daughters forget their mothers with new pregnancy-imprinted immunological memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Shao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Kinder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gavin Harper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Giang Pham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yanyan Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Emily J. Gregory
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Bryan E. Sherman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alexandra E. Iten
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Abigail E. Russi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Advanced Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John J. Erickson
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hilary Miller-Handley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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5
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Blank T, Prinz M. Objection non-responsive! How maternal immune activation in pregnancy weakens subsequent microglial immune response. Cell Res 2023; 33:193-194. [PMID: 36446893 PMCID: PMC9977840 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blank
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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6
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Menzies FM. Immunology of Pregnancy and Systemic Consequences. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:253-280. [PMID: 37695432 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is an immunological paradox, with renowned Nobel Prize winning transplantation biologist Sir Peter Brian Medawar being the first to introduce this concept back in 1953. This concept considers how the maternal immune system can tolerate the developing fetus, which is 50% antigenically foreign to the uterus. There have been significant advances in our understanding of the immune system in regulating fertility, pregnancy and in complications of these, and what was once considered a paradox can be seen as a highly evolved system. Indeed, the complexity of the maternal-fetal interface along with our ever-advancing knowledge of immune cells and mediators means that we have a better understanding of these interactions, with gaps still present. This chapter will summarise the key aspects of the role of the immune system at each stage of pregnancy and highlight the recent advances in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Menzies
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, UK.
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7
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Ono M, Toyoda N, Kagami K, Hosono T, Matsumoto T, Horike SI, Yamazaki R, Nakamura M, Mizumoto Y, Fujiwara T, Ando H, Fujiwara H, Daikoku T. Uterine Deletion of Bmal1 Impairs Placental Vascularization and Induces Intrauterine Fetal Death in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147637. [PMID: 35886985 PMCID: PMC9319876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was demonstrated that the expression of BMAL1 was decreased in the endometrium of women suffering from recurrent spontaneous abortion. To investigate the pathological roles of uterine clock genes during pregnancy, we produced conditional deletion of uterine Bmal1 (cKO) mice and found that cKO mice could receive embryo implantation but not sustain pregnancy. Gene ontology analysis of microarray suggested that uterine NK (uNK) cell function was suppressed in cKO mice. Histological examination revealed the poor formation of maternal vascular spaces in the placenta. In contrast to WT mice, uNK cells in the spongiotrophoblast layer, where maternal uNK cells are directly in contact with fetal trophoblast, hardly expressed an immunosuppressive NK marker, CD161, in cKO mice. By progesterone supplementation, pregnancy could be sustained until the end of pregnancy in some cKO mice. Although this treatment did not improve the structural abnormalities of the placenta, it recruited CD161-positive NK cells into the spongiotrophoblast layer in cKO mice. These findings indicate that the uterine clock system may be critical for pregnancy maintenance after embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (M.O.); (N.T.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (T.M.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Natsumi Toyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (M.O.); (N.T.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (T.M.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.M.)
- Division of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (M.O.); (N.T.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (T.M.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (M.O.); (N.T.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (T.M.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan;
| | - Takeo Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (M.O.); (N.T.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (T.M.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Shin-ichi Horike
- Division of Integrated Omics Research, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan;
| | - Rena Yamazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (M.O.); (N.T.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (T.M.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (M.O.); (N.T.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (T.M.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan 924-8588, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mizumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (M.O.); (N.T.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (T.M.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Human Life Environments, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto 606-0847, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (M.O.); (N.T.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (T.M.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (T.D.); Tel.: +81-76-265-2425 (H.F.); +81-76-265-2460 (T.D.); Fax: +81-76-234-4266 (H.F.); +81-76-234-4245 (T.D.)
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (T.D.); Tel.: +81-76-265-2425 (H.F.); +81-76-265-2460 (T.D.); Fax: +81-76-234-4266 (H.F.); +81-76-234-4245 (T.D.)
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8
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Liu S, Bos NA, Verschuuren EAM, van Baarle D, Westra J. Biological Characteristics of HLA-G and Its Role in Solid Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902093. [PMID: 35769475 PMCID: PMC9234285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is a lifesaving option for patients with advanced diseases. Rejection is regarded as one of the most severe risk factors post-transplantation. A molecule that contributes to immune tolerance and resisting rejection is human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, which belongs to the non-classical major histocompatibility complex class (MHC) I family. HLA-G was originally found to play a role during pregnancy to maintain immune tolerance between mother and child. It is expressed in the placenta and detected in several body fluids as soluble factor as well as different membrane isoforms on cells. Recent findings on HLA-G show that it can also play multifaceted roles during transplantation. This review will explain the general characteristics and biological function of HLA-G and summarize the views supporting the tolerogenic and other roles of HLA-G to better understand its role in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and its complications. Finally, we will discuss potential future research on the role of HLA-G in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A. Bos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Erik A. M. Verschuuren
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Johanna Westra,
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9
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Erickson JJ, Archer-Hartmann S, Yarawsky AE, Miller JLC, Seveau S, Shao TY, Severance AL, Miller-Handley H, Wu Y, Pham G, Wasik BR, Parrish CR, Hu YC, Lau JTY, Azadi P, Herr AB, Way SS. Pregnancy enables antibody protection against intracellular infection. Nature 2022; 606:769-775. [PMID: 35676476 PMCID: PMC9233044 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune components are thought to exert non-overlapping roles in antimicrobial host defence, with antibodies targeting pathogens in the extracellular environment and T cells eliminating infection inside cells1,2. Reliance on antibodies for vertically transferred immunity from mothers to babies may explain neonatal susceptibility to intracellular infections3,4. Here we show that pregnancy-induced post-translational antibody modification enables protection against the prototypical intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Infection susceptibility was reversed in neonatal mice born to preconceptually primed mothers possessing L. monocytogenes-specific IgG or after passive transfer of antibodies from primed pregnant, but not virgin, mice. Although maternal B cells were essential for producing IgGs that mediate vertically transferred protection, they were dispensable for antibody acquisition of protective function, which instead required sialic acid acetyl esterase5 to deacetylate terminal sialic acid residues on IgG variable-region N-linked glycans. Deacetylated L. monocytogenes-specific IgG protected neonates through the sialic acid receptor CD226,7, which suppressed IL-10 production by B cells leading to antibody-mediated protection. Consideration of the maternal-fetal dyad as a joined immunological unit reveals protective roles for antibodies against intracellular infection and fine-tuned adaptations to enhance host defence during pregnancy and early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Alexander E Yarawsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeanette L C Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashley L Severance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hilary Miller-Handley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giang Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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10
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Braga A, Neves E, Guimarães J, Braga J, Vasconcelos C. Th17/Regulatory T cells ratio evolution: A prospective study in a group of healthy pregnant women. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103468. [PMID: 35007917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the maternal immune system is challenged to tolerate a semi-allogenic fetus. A shift toward a tolerogenic profile is essential to ensure a healthy fetal and placental development. One of the most important mechanisms involved in the maternal immune tolerance towards the fetal antigens is expressed in the activity of the regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells. The behavior and equilibrium of these two T lymphocyte populations were rarely studied in normal healthy pregnancies through the beginning of gestation to the postpartum period. We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study where peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in each trimester of pregnancy and postpartum period in a group of healthy pregnant women. Our study observed a consistent reduction in peripheric Treg cell count through all pregnancy while the Th17 cell count remained stable. The Th17/Treg ratio increases significantly throughout pregnancy to the postpartum period. These changes could be justified by the migration of the immunotolerant Treg cells to the maternal decidua and lead to the establishment of a systemic pro-inflammatory profile by the end of pregnancy. This data could explain why systemic syndromes like preeclampsia develop in susceptible women during the second half of pregnancy or why many autoimmune disorders flourish in the first weeks postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Braga
- Obstetrics Department, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal.
| | - E Neves
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal; Immunology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - J Guimarães
- Immunology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - J Braga
- Obstetrics Department, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal
| | - C Vasconcelos
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal; Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
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11
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Niemann M, Matern BM, Spierings E, Schaub S, Hönger G. Peptides Derived From Mismatched Paternal Human Leukocyte Antigen Predicted to Be Presented by HLA-DRB1, -DRB3/4/5, -DQ, and -DP Induce Child-Specific Antibodies in Pregnant Women. Front Immunol 2021; 12:797360. [PMID: 34992608 PMCID: PMC8725048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Epitopes (PIRCHE) are known to be a significant risk factor for the development of donor HLA-specific antibodies after organ transplantation. Most previous studies on PIRCHE limited their analyses on the presentation of the HLA-DRB1 locus, although HLA-DRB3/4/5, -DQ, and -DP are also known for presenting allopeptides to CD4+ T cells. In this study, we analyzed the impact of predicted allopeptides presented by these additional loci on the incidence of HLA-specific antibodies after an immunization event. We considered pregnancy as a model system of an HLA immunization and observed child-specific HLA antibody (CSA) development of 231 mothers during pregnancy by samples being taken at delivery. Our data confirm that PIRCHE presented by HLA-DRB1 along with HLA-DRB3/4/5, -DQ, and -DP are significant predictors for the development of CSA. Although there was limited peptidome overlap observed within the mothers’ presenting HLA proteins, combining multiple presenting loci in a single predictor improved the model only marginally. Prediction performance of PIRCHE further improved when normalizing scores by the respective presenters’ binding promiscuity. Immunogenicity analysis of specific allopeptides could not identify significant drivers of an immune response in this small cohort, suggesting confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Niemann
- Research and Development, PIRCHE AG, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matthias Niemann,
| | - Benedict M. Matern
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Spierings
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schaub
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- HLA-Diagnostics and Immunogenetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gideon Hönger
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- HLA-Diagnostics and Immunogenetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Hardardottir L, Bazzano MV, Glau L, Gattinoni L, Köninger A, Tolosa E, Solano ME. The New Old CD8+ T Cells in the Immune Paradox of Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765730. [PMID: 34868016 PMCID: PMC8635142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the most frequent T cell population in the immune cell compartment at the feto-maternal interface. Due to their cytotoxic potential, the presence of CD8+ T cells in the immune privileged pregnant uterus has raised considerable interest. Here, we review our current understanding of CD8+ T cell biology in the uterus of pregnant women and discuss this knowledge in relation to a recently published immune cell Atlas of human decidua. We describe how the expansion of CD8+ T cells with an effector memory phenotype often presenting markers of exhaustion is critical for a successful pregnancy, and host defense towards pathogens. Moreover, we review new evidence on the presence of long-lasting immunological memory to former pregnancies and discuss its impact on prospective pregnancy outcomes. The formation of fetal-specific memory CD8+ T cell subests in the uterus, in particular of tissue resident, and stem cell memory cells requires further investigation, but promises interesting results to come. Advancing the knowledge of CD8+ T cell biology in the pregnant uterus will be pivotal for understanding not only tissue-specific immune tolerance but also the etiology of complications during pregnancy, thus enabling preventive or therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilja Hardardottir
- Laboratory for Translational Perinatology- Focus: Immunology, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Victoria Bazzano
- Laboratory for Translational Perinatology- Focus: Immunology, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura Glau
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Department of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angela Köninger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Regensburg at the St. Hedwig Hospital of the Order of St. John, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- Laboratory for Translational Perinatology- Focus: Immunology, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Juvet LK, Robertson AH, Laake I, Mjaaland S, Trogstad L. Safety of Influenza A H1N1pdm09 Vaccines: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740048. [PMID: 34777351 PMCID: PMC8581668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2009, a new influenza A H1N1 virus emerged causing a global pandemic. A range of monovalent influenza A H1N1pdm09 vaccines with or without adjuvants were developed. After the mass vaccination campaigns safety concerns related to H1N1pdm09 vaccines were reported. More than a decade later, reported AEFIs are still under scrutiny. We performed a systematic review aiming to synthesize the evidence on the safety of the H1N1pdm09 vaccines on reported outcomes from existing systematic reviews. Methods Four electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Epistimonikos and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for articles on H1N1pdm09 vaccination published from 2009 to January 2021. Systematic reviews assessing short- or long-term adverse events after H1N1pdm09 vaccination were considered for inclusion. Data was extracted from all selected reviews. Outcomes were grouped and results from each included review were presented narratively and in tables. Results 16 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Reported outcomes were short-term events (3 reviews), fetal/pregnancy outcomes (8 reviews), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (4 reviews), narcolepsy (2 reviews) demyelinating diseases (1 review based on one study only) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (1 review). Short-term serious adverse events were rare, 3 cases amongst 16725 subjects in 18 randomized controlled trials (0.018%). No deaths were reported. The risks of local events were generally higher for adjuvanted vaccines as compared to unadjuvanted vaccines. Maternal H1N1pdm09 vaccination in any trimester was not associated with an increase in preterm birth, small for gestational age, congenital malformations or fetal death. For GBS, results were conflicting. The main systematic review on narcolepsy found a 5-14-fold increased risk in children, and a 2-7- fold increased risk in adults after vaccination with Pandemrix. The attributable risk of narcolepsy one year after vaccination was 1 case per 18 400 vaccine doses in children/adolescents, and 1 case per 181 000 vaccine doses in adults. Conclusion Adjuvanted vaccines had more local but not serious adverse events compared to unadjuvanted vaccines. Vaccination with Pandemrix was strongly associated with narcolepsy, particularly in children. No increased risks of pregnancy outcomes were seen after pandemic vaccination. The findings on GBS were inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Kristine Juvet
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Jarmund AH, Giskeødegård GF, Ryssdal M, Steinkjer B, Stokkeland LMT, Madssen TS, Stafne SN, Stridsklev S, Moholdt T, Heimstad R, Vanky E, Iversen AC. Cytokine Patterns in Maternal Serum From First Trimester to Term and Beyond. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752660. [PMID: 34721426 PMCID: PMC8552528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy implies delicate immunological balance between two individuals, with constant changes and adaptions in response to maternal capacity and fetal demands. We performed cytokine profiling of 1149 longitudinal serum samples from 707 pregnant women to map immunological changes from first trimester to term and beyond. The serum levels of 22 cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) followed diverse but characteristic trajectories throughout pregnancy, consistent with staged immunological adaptions. Eotaxin showed a particularly robust decrease throughout pregnancy. A strong surge in cytokine levels developed when pregnancies progressed beyond term and the increase was amplified as labor approached. Maternal obesity, smoking and pregnancies with large fetuses showed sustained increase in distinct cytokines throughout pregnancy. Multiparous women had increased cytokine levels in the first trimester compared to nulliparous women with higher cytokine levels in the third trimester. Fetal sex affected first trimester cytokine levels with increased levels in pregnancies with a female fetus. These findings unravel important immunological dynamics of pregnancy, demonstrate how both maternal and fetal factors influence maternal systemic cytokines, and serve as a comprehensive reference for cytokine profiles in normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hagen Jarmund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro Fanneløb Giskeødegård
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mariell Ryssdal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørg Steinkjer
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Live Marie Tobiesen Stokkeland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torfinn Støve Madssen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Nilssen Stafne
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solhild Stridsklev
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Women’s Health, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Runa Heimstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eszter Vanky
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Abstract
The critical immune effectors, including T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages participate in regulating immune responses during pregnancy. Among these immune cells, decidual NK (dNK) cells are involved in key placental development processes at the maternal-fetal interface, such as uterine spiral artery remodeling, trophoblast invasion, and decidualization. Mechanistically, dNK cells significantly influence pregnancy outcome by secreting cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic mediators and by their interactions with trophoblasts and other decidual cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that participate in the initiation and progression of human diseases. Although the functions of circulating miRNAs in pathological mechanism has been extensively studied, the regulatory roles of miRNAs in NK cells, especially in dNK cells, have been rarely reported. In this review, we analyze the effects of miRNA regulations of dNK cell functions on the immune system during gestation. We discuss aberrant expressions of certain miRNAs in dNK cells that may lead to pathological consequences, such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Interestingly, miRNA expression patterns are also different between dNK cells and peripheral NK (pNK) cells, and pNK cells in the first- and third-trimester of gestation. The dysregulation of miRNA plays a pivotal regulatory role in driving immune functions of dNK and pNK cells. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in dNK cells may provide new insights into the development of therapeutics to prevent pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liman Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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16
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Abstract
Effective strategies are urgently needed to decrease the risk of untoward outcomes of pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) infection. Pregnant women are a vulnerable population to infectious disease pandemics with dramatically increased infectious diseases-related serious complications, such as the need of hospitalizations, the need of admission to intensive care unit, and the final disease-related death compared with those nonpregnant counterparts or those pregnant women without infection. Several studies have shown that vaccinations in pregnancy are a safe and highly effective strategy, not only for pregnant women but also for fetus and/or newborn because of the passive transplacental transfer of antibodies to the offspring. Active and passive prevention of infectious diseases is approved as effective strategies for women who attempt to become pregnant or during pregnancy. Despite the large and proven scientific evidence, pregnant women still puzzle over whether they should get vaccinated. The question therefore arises: Why are pregnant women so reluctant to receive vaccination? The explanation is more likely in the way that the benefits of vaccination have been communicated "confusedly." In fact, like virtually all clinical trials, all the COVID-19 vaccine trials have excluded pregnant and lactating women from participating, contributing to uncertainty of safety and efficacy in COVID-19 vaccines that have been well prepared and available for the general adult population worldwide. Moreover, messenger RNA vaccine is a relatively brand-new vaccine, and experience with this type of vaccine is still scarce. It is hard to overcome this innovation deadlock. The knowledge and awareness of pregnant women who are at risk, and full information on the knowledge of vaccines and related preventable diseases in pregnant women may avoid hesitancy and increase vaccine acceptance. The current review is a part two addressing the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. We focus on the up-to-date information about the application of vaccination on pregnant women, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Ling Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Ting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fa-Kung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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Abstract
In this issue, we introduce the second part of our review series focusing on lesser-known enigmatic inflammasomes. This part of the collection introduces one more under-studied NLR, NLRP7, and not only its role as a regulator of inflammation in response to bacterial infections but also its non-inflammasome role in early pregnancy. In addition, the enigmatic function of extracellular ASC specks is also introduced, where extracellular ASC specks are presented as 'danger signals' to propagate inflammation. The series is concluded with an article that reviews the immunometabolic regulation of all of these lesser-known NLRs, demonstrating that metabolic regulation of inflammasome activation is central for the whole NLR family. These three reviews, together with the four articles that were published in the first part of the series in December 2020, offer new insights into the complex functions of NLRs, well beyond the well-known NLRP3. The review series as a whole provides a thought-provoking platform with some of the latest findings in the NLR field and sparks our imagination into what might be discovered in this space in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Triantafilou
- Immunology Catalyst, Immunology Network, Adaptive Immunity Research UnitGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageUK
- Institute of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
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18
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Abstract
Memory B cells play an important role in immunity to pathogens as these cells are poised to rapidly differentiate into antibody-secreting cells upon antigen re-encounter. Memory B cells also develop over the course of HLA-sensitization during pregnancy and transplantation. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of memory B cells to pregnancy sensitization as well as the impact of these cells on transplant candidacy and outcomes. We start by summarizing how B cell subsets are altered in pregnancy and discuss what is known about HLA-specific B cell responses given our current understanding of fetal antigen availability in maternal secondary lymphoid tissues. We then review the molecular mechanisms governing the generation and maintenance of memory B cells during infection - including the role of T follicular helper cells - and discuss the experimental evidence for the development of these cells during pregnancy. Finally, we discuss how memory B cells impact access to transplantation and transplant outcomes for a range of transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoma Nellore
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John T. Killian
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Paige M. Porrett
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
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19
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Collier ARY, McMahan K, Yu J, Tostanoski LH, Aguayo R, Ansel J, Chandrashekar A, Patel S, Apraku Bondzie E, Sellers D, Barrett J, Sanborn O, Wan H, Chang A, Anioke T, Nkolola J, Bradshaw C, Jacob-Dolan C, Feldman J, Gebre M, Borducchi EN, Liu J, Schmidt AG, Suscovich T, Linde C, Alter G, Hacker MR, Barouch DH. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Pregnant and Lactating Women. JAMA 2021; 325:2370-2380. [PMID: 33983379 PMCID: PMC8120446 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.7563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance Pregnant women are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 but have been excluded from the phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine trials. Data on vaccine safety and immunogenicity in these populations are therefore limited. Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity of COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in pregnant and lactating women, including against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Design, Setting, and Participants An exploratory, descriptive, prospective cohort study enrolled 103 women who received a COVID-19 vaccine from December 2020 through March 2021 and 28 women who had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from April 2020 through March 2021 (the last follow-up date was March 26, 2021). This study enrolled 30 pregnant, 16 lactating, and 57 neither pregnant nor lactating women who received either the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccines and 22 pregnant and 6 nonpregnant unvaccinated women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Outcomes and Measures SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain binding, neutralizing, and functional nonneutralizing antibody responses from pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant women were assessed following vaccination. Spike-specific T-cell responses were evaluated using IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot and multiparameter intracellular cytokine-staining assays. Humoral and cellular immune responses were determined against the original SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain as well as against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. Results This study enrolled 103 women aged 18 to 45 years (66% non-Hispanic White) who received a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. After the second vaccine dose, fever was reported in 4 pregnant women (14%; SD, 6%), 7 lactating women (44%; SD, 12%), and 27 nonpregnant women (52%; SD, 7%). Binding, neutralizing, and functional nonneutralizing antibody responses as well as CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were present in pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant women following vaccination. Binding and neutralizing antibodies were also observed in infant cord blood and breast milk. Binding and neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern were reduced, but T-cell responses were preserved against viral variants. Conclusion and Relevance In this exploratory analysis of a convenience sample, receipt of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was immunogenic in pregnant women, and vaccine-elicited antibodies were transported to infant cord blood and breast milk. Pregnant and nonpregnant women who were vaccinated developed cross-reactive antibody responses and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-ris Y. Collier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa H. Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ricardo Aguayo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Ansel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shivani Patel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Esther Apraku Bondzie
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Owen Sanborn
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huahua Wan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Connor Bradshaw
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jared Feldman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Makda Gebre
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica N. Borducchi
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron G. Schmidt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michele R. Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Feyaerts D, Joosten I, van der Molen RG. A pregnancy to remember: trained immunity of the uterine mucosae. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:539-541. [PMID: 33299087 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Brady CA, Williams C, Sharps MC, Shelleh A, Batra G, Heazell AEP, Crocker IP. Chronic histiocytic intervillositis: A breakdown in immune tolerance comparable to allograft rejection? Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13373. [PMID: 33155353 PMCID: PMC7988544 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is a pregnancy disorder characterized by infiltration of maternal macrophages into the intervillous space of the human placenta, often with accompanying perivillous fibrin deposition. CHI is associated strongly with foetal growth restriction and increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. Although rare, affecting 6 in every 10 000 pregnancies beyond 12 weeks' gestation, the rate of recurrence is high at 25%-100%. To date, diagnosis of CHI can only be made post-delivery upon examination of the placenta due to a lack of diagnostic biomarkers, and criteria vary across publications. No treatment options have shown proven efficacy, and CHI remains a serious obstetric conundrum. Although its underlying aetiology is unclear, due to the presence of maternal macrophages and the reported increased incidence in women with autoimmune disease, CHI is hypothesized to be an inappropriate immune response to the semi-allogeneic foetus. Given this lack of understanding, treatment approaches remain experimental with limited rationale. However, there is recent evidence that immunosuppression and antithrombotic therapies may be effective in preventing recurrence of associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. With similarities noted between the pathological features of CHI and acute rejection of solid organ transplants, further investigation of this hypothesis may provide a basis for tackling CHI and other immune-related placental conditions. This review will explore parallels between CHI and allograft rejection and identify areas requiring further confirmation and exploitation of this comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A. Brady
- Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreSt. Mary’s HospitalThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Charlotte Williams
- Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreSt. Mary’s HospitalThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Megan C. Sharps
- Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreSt. Mary’s HospitalThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Amena Shelleh
- St Mary’s HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Gauri Batra
- Paediatric HistopathologyCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Alexander E. P. Heazell
- Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreSt. Mary’s HospitalThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- St Mary’s HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Ian P. Crocker
- Tommy's Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreSt. Mary’s HospitalThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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22
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Mishra A, Ashary N, Sharma R, Modi D. Extracellular vesicles in embryo implantation and disorders of the endometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13360. [PMID: 33064348 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of the embryo is a rate-limiting step for a successful pregnancy, and it requires an intricate crosstalk between the embryo and the endometrium. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed, nano-sized structures produced by cells to mediate cell to cell communication and modulate a diverse set of biological processes. Herein, we review the involvement of EVs in the process of embryo implantation and endometrial diseases. EVs have been isolated from uterine fluid, cultured endometrial epithelial/stromal cells and trophectodermal cells. The endometrial epithelial and stromal/decidual cell-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized bythe trophoblast cells, and they regulate a diverse set of genes involved in adhesion, invasion and migration. Conversely, the embryo-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized by epithelial and immune cells of the endometrium for biosensing and immunomodulation required for successful implantation. EVs have also been shown to play a role in infertility, recurrent implantation failure, endometriosis, endometritis and endometrial cancer. Further research should set a stage for EVs as non-invasive "liquid biopsy" tools for assessment of endometrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mishra
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Nancy Ashary
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Sharma
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
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23
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Ouyang Y, Mouillet JF, Sorkin A, Sadovsky Y. Trophoblastic extracellular vesicles and viruses: Friends or foes? Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13345. [PMID: 32939907 PMCID: PMC7880881 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells produce cytoplasmic vesicles to facilitate the processing and transport of RNAs, proteins, and other signaling molecules among intracellular organelles. Moreover, most cells release a range of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that mediate intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological settings. In addition to a better understanding of their biological functions, the diagnostic and therapeutic prospects of EVs, particularly the nano-sized small EVs (sEVs, exosomes), are currently being rigorously pursued. While EVs and viruses such as retroviruses might have evolved independently, they share a number of similar characteristics, including biogenesis pathways, size distribution, cargo, and cell-targeting mechanisms. The interplay of EVs with viruses has profound effects on viral replication and infectivity. Our research indicates that sEVs, produced by primary human trophoblasts, can endow other non-placental cell types with antiviral response. Better insights into the interaction of EVs with viruses may illuminate new ways to attenuate viral infections during pregnancy, and perhaps develop new antiviral therapeutics to protect the feto-placental unit during critical times of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Mouillet
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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24
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Volk HE, Park B, Hollingue C, Jones KL, Ashwood P, Windham GC, Lurman F, Alexeeff SE, Kharrazi M, Pearl M, Van de Water J, Croen LA. Maternal immune response and air pollution exposure during pregnancy: insights from the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:42. [PMID: 33327930 PMCID: PMC7745402 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal exposure to air pollution and immune system dysregulation are two factors consistently associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, little is known about how air pollution may influence maternal immune function during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between mid-gestational circulating levels of maternal cytokines/chemokines and previous month air pollution exposure across neurodevelopmental groups, and to assess whether cytokines/chemokines mediate the relationship between air pollution exposures and risk of ASD and/or intellectual disability (ID) in the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. METHODS EMA is a population-based, nested case-control study which linked archived maternal serum samples collected during weeks 15-19 of gestation for routine prenatal screening, birth records, and Department of Developmental Services (DDS) records. Children receiving DDS services for ASD without intellectual disability (ASD without ID; n = 199), ASD with ID (ASD with ID; n = 180), ID without ASD (ID; n = 164), and children from the general population (GP; n = 414) with no DDS services were included in this analysis. Serum samples were quantified for 22 cytokines/chemokines using Luminex multiplex analysis technology. Air pollution exposure for the month prior to maternal serum collection was assigned based on the Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System data using the maternal residential address reported during the prenatal screening visit. RESULTS Previous month air pollution exposure and mid-gestational maternal cytokine and chemokine levels were significantly correlated, though weak in magnitude (ranging from - 0.16 to 0.13). Ten pairs of mid-pregnancy immune markers and previous month air pollutants were significantly associated within one of the child neurodevelopmental groups, adjusted for covariates (p < 0.001). Mid-pregnancy air pollution was not associated with any neurodevelopmental outcome. IL-6 remained associated with ASD with ID even after adjusting for air pollution exposure. CONCLUSION This study suggests that maternal immune activation is associated with risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, that prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with small, but perhaps biologically relevant, effects on maternal immune system function during pregnancy. Additional studies are needed to better evaluate how prenatal exposure to air pollution affects the trajectory of maternal immune activation during pregnancy, if windows of heightened susceptibility can be identified, and how these factors influence neurodevelopment of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Kennedy Krieger Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, 624 N. Broadway, HH833, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Bo Park
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Calliope Hollingue
- Department of Mental Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Kennedy Krieger Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, 624 N. Broadway, HH833, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Karen L Jones
- UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paul Ashwood
- UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gayle C Windham
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | | | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kharrazi
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Pearl
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
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25
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Wu W, Wu H, He M, Zhang L, Huang Y, Geng Y, Liu J, Wang Q, Fan Z, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. Transcriptome analyses provide insights into maternal immune changes at several critical phases of giant panda reproduction. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 110:103699. [PMID: 32344048 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) possess highly specialized reproductive characteristics, but the maternal immune changes during reproduction are largely unclear. Here, 20 blood transcriptomes were used to determine immune changes at four key phases of giant panda reproduction, and a total of 4640 differential expression genes were identified. During estrus, six immune-related genes (TLR4, IL1B, SYK, SPI1, CD80, and ITK) were identified as hub genes. The up-regulation of the TLR family genes (TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR8) and inflammatory response related genes (IL1B) may reflect innate immune enhancement and local tissue remodeling events, while the up-regulation of SYK and SPI1, and the down-regulation of CD80 and ITK suggested that the enhanced humoral immunity and inhibited cellular immunity of female giant pandas during estrus. During early pregnancy, antigen presentation related genes and proinflammatory cytokine (IL1B) were down-regulated. This may indicate that partial immune functions were suppressed in early pregnancy to achieve immune tolerance, including reducing inflammatory to protect embryos. By the late pregnancy, the antiviral related genes were up-regulated to strengthen defenses against external pathogen infection. KLRK1, which acts as a primary activation receptor for NK cells, was down regulated in estrus and pregnancy, suggesting that the activities of NK cells were inhibited, and KLRK1 may play a key role in the regulation the activities of pbNK cells during reproduction of giant pandas. Our results showed that there was no significant immune change in lactating females (post-natal 2 months) compared to anestrus females. This is the first time to observe the immune changes of giant panda during the breeding period and our data is expected to provide valuable resources for further studies on reproductive immunology of giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Honglin Wu
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, 623006, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ming He
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, 623006, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, 623006, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, 623006, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Rong Hou
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, PR China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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26
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Kuder MM, Lennox MG, Li M, Lang DM, Pien L. Skin testing and oral amoxicillin challenge in the outpatient allergy and clinical immunology clinic in pregnant women with penicillin allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:646-651. [PMID: 32798617 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penicillin allergy is frequently reported. In pregnant women, reported penicillin allergy is associated with negative health outcomes and suboptimal group B streptococcal prophylaxis. For individuals having penicillin allergy, skin testing followed by an observed oral challenge is recommended. Previous data indicate a low risk of adverse reaction with skin testing in pregnant women, but the subsequent oral challenge was not routinely pursued. OBJECTIVE To determine whether skin testing followed by the outpatient oral challenge is tolerated by pregnant women. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of all pregnant women who underwent penicillin allergy evaluation at an outpatient allergy and clinical immunology clinic. The patients underwent oral amoxicillin challenges based on the discretion of the allergy provider. We evaluated the index reaction history, skin test results, oral challenge results, and subsequent antibiotic exposure. RESULTS A total of 46 pregnant women underwent skin testing without adverse reactions, of whom 44 patients (95.6%) received negative results. A total of 18 women (39%) completed an oral challenge without adverse reactions. Patients challenged vs not challenged did not differ in patient age, gestational age, latency since index reaction, or reaction history risk level. Notably, 28 women received intrapartum antibiotics. There was no difference in intrapartum antibiotic administration between those who did or who did not complete an in-office oral challenge (P = .90). CONCLUSION Penicillin skin testing and oral challenge in pregnant women can safely be performed in the outpatient setting. There was no difference in the intrapartum antibiotic use between women who were and those who were not challenged. Further research is needed to determine the utility of oral challenge in pregnant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Kuder
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Maria G Lennox
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Manshi Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David M Lang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lily Pien
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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27
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Li Y, Lopez GE, Lindner PN, Parrella L, Larson M, Sun Y, Stanic AK. The role of RORγt at maternal-fetal interface during murine pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13250. [PMID: 32314428 PMCID: PMC8261794 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs, including NK cells) and their subsets are the most frequent lymphocytes at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua). Recent recognition of extensive ILC subset diversity at mucosal sites and the possible role they might play at different stages of pregnancy poses questions about their composition and lineage stability. Namely, RORγt-dependent ILC3s have been recognized as a key cellular mediator of tissue organization in the gut and secondary lymphoid organs, prompting examination of their distribution and role in decidua during pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY We employed highly polychromatic flow cytometry with conventional and machine learning-aided analysis to map ILC subsets and dissected the role of canonical transcription factor RORγt using fate-mapping animals and RORγt-/- animals. RESULTS We demonstrate a comprehensive immunome map of ILCs/NKs, revealing a dynamic interface even in the absence of antigenic or allogeneic challenge. Strikingly, we demonstrate plasticity of RORγt expression in decidual ILCs with across gestation. However, gross reproductive efficiency is not affected in RORγt-/- animals. CONCLUSION These results indicated that RORγt+ ILCs are highly plastic at the maternal-fetal interface, but dispensable for normal pregnancy, revealing a novel mechanism of transcriptional immunoregulation in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Gladys E. Lopez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Payton N. Lindner
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Luke Parrella
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mariah Larson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Yan Sun
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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28
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Jafarpour R, Pashangzadeh S, Mehdizadeh S, Bayatipoor H, Shojaei Z, Motallebnezhad M. Functional significance of lymphocytes in pregnancy and lymphocyte immunotherapy in infertility: A comprehensive review and update. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106776. [PMID: 32682255 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the fetal-maternal interface underlies several dynamic alterations to permit the fetus to be cultivated and developed in the uterus, in spite of being identifies by the maternal immune system. A large variety of decidual leukocyte populations, including natural killer cells, NKT cells, innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, subpopulations of helper T cells play a vital role in controlling the trophoblast invasion, angiogenesis as well as vascular remodeling. In contrast, several regulatory immunosuppressive mechanisms, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, several cytokines and mediators are involved in maintain the homeostasis of immune system in the fetal-maternal interface. Nonetheless, aberrant alterations in the balance of immune inflammatory or immunosuppressive arms have been associated with various pregnancy losses and infertilities. As a result, numerous strategies have been developed to revers dysregulated balance of immune players to increase the chance of successful pregnancy. Lymphocyte immunotherapy has been developed through utilization of peripheral white blood cells of the husband or others and administered into the mother to confer an immune tolerance for embryo's antigens. However, the results have not always been promising, implying to further investigations to improve the approach. This review attempts to clarify the involvement of lymphocytes in contributing to the pregnancy outcome and the potential of lymphocyte immunotherapy in treatment of infertilities with dysregulated immune system basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Jafarpour
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Pashangzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Mehdizadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hashem Bayatipoor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shojaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Sominsky L, Walker DW, Spencer SJ. One size does not fit all - Patterns of vulnerability and resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic and why heterogeneity of disease matters. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:1-3. [PMID: 32205119 PMCID: PMC7102615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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30
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Zhao X, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Xi H, Liu C, Qu F, Feng X. Analysis of the susceptibility to COVID-19 in pregnancy and recommendations on potential drug screening. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1209-1220. [PMID: 32328850 PMCID: PMC7178925 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy and the drugs that can be used to treat pregnancy with COVID-19, so as to provide evidence for drug selection in clinic. By reviewing the existing literature, this paper analyzes the susceptibility of pregnant women to virus, especially to SARS-CoV-2, from the aspects of anatomical, reproductive endocrine and immune changes during pregnancy and screens effective and fetal-safe treatments from the existing drugs. The anatomical structure of the respiratory system is changed during pregnancy, and the virus transmitted by droplets and aerosols is more easily inhaled by pregnant women and is difficult to remove. Furthermore, the prognosis is worse after infection when compared with non-pregnancy women. And changes in reproductive hormones and immune systems during pregnancy collectively make them more susceptible to certain infections. More importantly, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, has been proven highly increased during pregnancy, which may contribute to the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. When it comes to treatment, specific drugs for COVID-19 have not been found at present, and taking old drugs for new use in treating COVID-19 has become an emergency method for the pandemic. Particularly, drugs that show superior maternal and fetal safety are worthy of consideration for pregnant women with COVID-19, such as chloroquine, metformin, statins, lobinavir/ritonavir, glycyrrhizic acid, and nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery (NMDD), etc. Pregnant women are susceptible to COVID-19, and special attention should be paid to the selection of drugs that are both effective for maternal diseases and friendly to the fetus. However, there are still many deficiencies in the study of drug safety during pregnancy, and broad-spectrum, effective and fetal-safe drugs for pregnant women need to be developed so as to cope with more infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Hebei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Hongyan Xi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fan Qu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Gridelet V, Perrier d'Hauterive S, Polese B, Foidart JM, Nisolle M, Geenen V. Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin: New Pleiotropic Functions for an "Old" Hormone During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:343. [PMID: 32231662 PMCID: PMC7083149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is the first specific molecule synthesized by the embryo. hCG RNA is transcribed as early as the eight-cell stage, and the blastocyst produces the protein before its implantation. hCG in the uterine microenvironment binds with its cognate receptor, luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), on the endometrial surface. This binding stimulates leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) production and inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by epithelial cells of the endometrium. These effects ensure essential help in the preparation of the endometrium for initial embryo implantation. hCG also effects angiogenic and immunomodulatory actions as reported in many articles by our laboratories and other ones. By stimulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, hCG provides the placenta with an adequate maternal blood supply and optimal embryo nutrition during the invasion of the uterine endometrium. The immunomodulatory properties of hCG are numerous and important for programming maternal immune tolerance toward the embryo. The reported effects of hCG on uterine NK, Treg, and B cells, three major cell populations for the maintenance of pregnancy, demonstrate the role of this embryonic signal as a crucial immune regulator in the course of pregnancy. Human embryo rejection for hCG-related immunological reasons has been studied in different ways, and a sufficient dose of hCG seems to be necessary to maintain maternal tolerance. Different teams have studied the addition of hCG in patients suffering from recurrent miscarriages or implantation failures. hCG could also have a beneficial or a negative impact on autoimmune diseases during pregnancy. In this review, we will discuss the immunological impacts of hCG during pregnancy and if this hormone might be used therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Gridelet
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology GIGA Research Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Center for Assisted Medical Procreation, University of Liège, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Perrier d'Hauterive
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology GIGA Research Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Center for Assisted Medical Procreation, University of Liège, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | - Barbara Polese
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology GIGA Research Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Foidart
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michelle Nisolle
- Center for Assisted Medical Procreation, University of Liège, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHR Citadelle, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geenen
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology GIGA Research Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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Hansen VL, Miller RD. Evidence for regulation of the complement system during pregnancy being ancient and conserved in mammals. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 104:103562. [PMID: 31785265 PMCID: PMC6937380 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that regulation of the Complement (C') components of the immune system is an ancient and conserved feature of mammalian pregnancy. Transcript levels were reduced for complement components C3 and C4 throughout pregnancy in a marsupial, Monodelphis domestica. Downstream C' component transcripts were significantly less abundant relative to non-pregnant controls at the start of pregnancy but increased during late pregnancy, in some cases peaking close to parturition. These results are consistent with observations in human pregnancy that deposition of C5 through C9 on fetal membranes is associated with labor and parturition. Complement regulators CD46 and CD59 are present at the fetomaternal interface during M. domestica pregnancy as well, implying regulation of C' effector mechanisms is necessary for maintenance of normal marsupial pregnancy. Collectively these results support regulating the complement system may have contributed to the transition from oviparity to viviparity in mammals over 165 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Hansen
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Robert D Miller
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Stadtmauer DJ, Wagner GP. Cooperative inflammation: The recruitment of inflammatory signaling in marsupial and eutherian pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 137:102626. [PMID: 31783286 PMCID: PMC7028515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of viviparity in therian mammals, i.e. marsupials and "placental" mammals, occurred by retention of the conceptus in the female reproductive tract and precocious "hatching" from the shell coat. Both eutherian embryo implantation and the opossum embryo attachment reaction are evolutionarily derived from and homologous to a defensive inflammatory process induced after shell coat hatching. However, both lineages, marsupials and placental mammals, have modified the inflammatory response substantially. We review the induction, maintenance, and effects of inflammation throughout pregnancy, with special attention to the role of prostaglandins and the mucosal inflammatory response, both of which likely had roles in early mammalian viviparity. We propose that the key step was not only suppression of the inflammatory response after implantation in placental mammals, but also the transfer of the inflammatory cell-cell communication network to a different set of cell types than in generic inflammation. To support this conclusion we discuss evidence that pro-inflammatory signal production in the opossum is not limited to maternal cells, as expected in bona fide defensive inflammation, but also includes fetal tissues, in a process we term cooperative inflammation. The ways in which the inflammatory reaction was independently modified in these two lineages helps explain major life history differences between extant marsupials and eutherians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Stadtmauer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale Universisty. 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University. 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Günter P Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale Universisty. 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University. 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine. 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University. 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI, USA.
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King JR, Wilson ML, Hetey S, Kiraly P, Matsuo K, Castaneda AV, Toth E, Krenacs T, Hupuczi P, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Balogh A, Szilagyi A, Matko J, Papp Z, Roman LD, Cortessis VK, Than NG. Dysregulation of Placental Functions and Immune Pathways in Complete Hydatidiform Moles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4999. [PMID: 31658584 PMCID: PMC6829352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression studies of molar pregnancy have been limited to a small number of candidate loci. We analyzed high-dimensional RNA and protein data to characterize molecular features of complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) and corresponding pathologic pathways. CHMs and first trimester placentas were collected, histopathologically examined, then flash-frozen or paraffin-embedded. Frozen CHMs and control placentas were subjected to RNA-Seq, with resulting data and published placental RNA-Seq data subjected to bioinformatics analyses. Paraffin-embedded tissues from CHMs and control placentas were used for tissue microarray (TMA) construction, immunohistochemistry, and immunoscoring for galectin-14. Of the 14,022 protein-coding genes expressed in all samples, 3,729 were differentially expressed (DE) in CHMs, of which 72% were up-regulated. DE genes were enriched in placenta-specific genes (OR = 1.88, p = 0.0001), of which 79% were down-regulated, imprinted genes (OR = 2.38, p = 1.54 × 10-6), and immune genes (OR = 1.82, p = 7.34 × 10-18), of which 73% were up-regulated. DNA methylation-related enzymes and histone demethylases were dysregulated. "Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" was the most impacted of 38 dysregulated pathways, among which 17 were immune-related pathways. TMA-based immunoscoring validated the lower expression of galectin-14 in CHM. In conclusion, placental functions were down-regulated, imprinted gene expression was altered, and immune pathways were activated, indicating complex dysregulation of placental developmental and immune processes in CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R King
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Melissa L Wilson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Szabolcs Hetey
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Peter Kiraly
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Antonio V Castaneda
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Eszter Toth
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Petronella Hupuczi
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andras Szilagyi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Janos Matko
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lynda D Roman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Victoria K Cortessis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary.
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Abstract
Macrophages (MФs) are the leukocytes produced from differentiation of monocytes and are located in almost all tissues of human body. They are involved in various processes, such as phagocytosis, innate and adaptive immunity, proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) activity, depending on the tissue microenvironment. They play a crucial role in pregnancy, and their dysfunction or alteration of polarity is involved in pregnancy disorders, like preeclampsia, recurrent spontaneous abortion, infertility, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm labor. About 50-60% of decidual leukocytes are natural killer (NK) cells followed by MФs (the second largest population). MФs are actively involved in trophoblast invasion, tissue and vascular remodeling during early pregnancy, besides their role as major antigen-presenting cells in the decidua. These cells have different phenotypes and polarities in different stages of pregnancy. They have also been observed to enhance tumor growth by their anti-inflammatory activity (M2 type) and prevent immunogenic rejection. Targeted alteration of polarity (M1-M2 or vice versa) could be a major focus in the future treatment of pregnancy complications. This review is focused on the role of MФs in pregnancy, their involvement in pregnancy disorders, and decidual MФs as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Neha Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nihar R Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Abstract
Fifty percent of fetal antigens are of paternal origin. These are recognized by the maternal immune system, thereby resulting in lymphocyte activation and the induction of progesterone receptors (PRs) in immune cells. Upon binding of progesterone to PRs on lymphocytes, a downstream mediator called progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) is produced. The full-length PIBF is a 90 kDa protein; however, because of alternative splicing, several smaller isoforms are also produced. While the 90 kDa molecule plays a role in cell cycle regulation, the small isoforms are localized in the cytoplasm, and after secretion, they bind to their receptors on other cells and act in a cytokine-like manner. The communication between the embryo and the maternal immune system is established through PIBF-containing extracellular vesicles. PIBF induces an increased production of Th2 cytokines and inhibits degranulation of NK cells, and by regulating the maternal immune response, it contributes to successful implantation and maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Szekeres-Bartho
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary; MTA - PTE Human Reproduction Research Group, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Hungary; Endocrine Studies, Centre of Excellence, Hungary.
| | - A E Schindler
- Institute for Medical Research and Education, Essen, Germany
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Sonesson SE, Ambrosi A, Wahren-Herlenius M. Benefits of fetal echocardiographic surveillance in pregnancies at risk of congenital heart block: single-center study of 212 anti-Ro52-positive pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54:87-95. [PMID: 30620419 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assuming that autoimmune congenital heart block (CHB) is a progressive disease amenable to therapeutic modulation, we introduced a surveillance program for at-risk pregnancies with the dual aim of investigating if fetal atrioventricular block (AVB) could be detected and treated before becoming complete and irreversible, and to establish the incidence of AVB I, II and III in a large prospective cohort. METHODS This was a prospective study of 212 anti-Ro52 antibody-exposed pregnancies at risk of fetal AVB that were followed weekly between 18 and 24 weeks' gestation at our tertiary fetal cardiology center from 2000 to 2015. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded within 1 week after birth. Fetal Doppler atrioventricular (AV) intervals were converted to Z-scores using reference standard values derived from normal pregnancies. Each fetus was represented by the average value of the two recordings, obtained at two consecutive visits, which resulted in the longest AV interval. AV interval values were classified into normal AV conduction (Z-score ≤ 2.0) and three levels of delayed AV conduction: Z-score > 2.0 and ≤ 3.0, Z-score > 3.0 and ≤ 4.0, and Z-score > 4.0. RESULTS AVB II or III developed in 6/204 (2.9%) pregnancies without a CHB history and 1/8 (12.5%) of those with a CHB history. AV intervals > 2 and ≤ 3, > 3 and ≤ 4, and > 4 were detected in 16.0%, 7.5% and 2.8% of cases, respectively, and were related to the PR interval on 185 available ECGs. Three of the five cases with AVB III and one of two cases with 2:1 AVB II developed within 1 week of AV interval Z-score of 1.0, 1.9, 2.8 and 1.9, respectively. Transplacental treatment with betamethasone was associated with restoration of 1:1 AV conduction in the two fetuses with AVB II, with a better long-term result (normal ECG vs AVB I or II) observed in the case in which treatment was started within 1 week after AVB developed. Betamethasone treatment did not reverse AVB III, although a temporary effect on AV conduction was observed in 1/5 cases. Notably, the three cases in which treatment was started within 1 week after AVB III development responded with a higher ventricular rate than the other two cases and did not require pacemaker implantation until a later age (2-5 years vs 1.5-2 months). CONCLUSION Fetal AV interval is a poor predictor of CHB progression, but CHB surveillance still allows detection of fetuses with AVB II or III shortly after its development, allowing for timely treatment initiation and potentially better outcome. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-E Sonesson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Ambrosi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wahren-Herlenius
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Natri H, Garcia AR, Buetow KH, Trumble BC, Wilson MA. The Pregnancy Pickle: Evolved Immune Compensation Due to Pregnancy Underlies Sex Differences in Human Diseases. Trends Genet 2019; 35:478-488. [PMID: 31200807 PMCID: PMC6611699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that, ancestrally, sex-specific immune modulation evolved to facilitate survival of the pregnant person in the presence of an invasive placenta and an immunologically challenging pregnancy - an idea we term the 'pregnancy compensation hypothesis' (PCH). Further, we propose that sex differences in immune function are mediated, at least in part, by the evolution of gene content and dosage on the sex chromosomes, and are regulated by reproductive hormones. Finally, we propose that changes in reproductive ecology in industrialized environments exacerbate these evolved sex differences, resulting in the increasing risk of autoimmune disease observed in females, and a counteracting reduction in diseases such as cancer that can be combated by heightened immune surveillance. The PCH generates a series of expectations that can be tested empirically and that may help to identify the mechanisms underlying sex differences in modern human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Natri
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Kenneth H Buetow
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
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Bae H, Lim W, Bazer FW, Whang KY, Song G. Mitigation of ER-stress and inflammation by chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 during early pregnancy. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 94:73-84. [PMID: 30711450 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in pregnancy. Chemokines recruit leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy. However, the role of the chemokine, C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21), is less known. The aim of this study was to identify the expression of CCL21 and its receptor, CCR7, in the endometrium during estrous cycle and early pregnancy, and to investigate the functional effects of CCL21 on porcine trophectoderm (pTr) and porcine uterine luminal epithelial (pLE) cells. Our results indicated that CCL21 and CCR7 are increased in the glandular (GE) and luminal epithelium (LE) of the endometrium during early pregnancy, compared to estrous pigs. Recombinant CCL21 improved pTr and pLE cell proliferation through activation of the PI3K and MAPK pathways and suppression of tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress or LPS-induced inflammation. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into CCL21-mediated signaling mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyocheol Bae
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2471, Texas, USA
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Lima J, Cambridge G, Vilas‐Boas A, Martins C, Borrego L, Leandro M. Serum markers of B-cell activation in pregnancy during late gestation, delivery, and the postpartum period. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13090. [PMID: 30624814 PMCID: PMC6590212 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM B cells are vital for the normal evolution of pregnancy due to their humoral and possible regulatory activities. Our group and others have documented that circulating B-cell subsets undergo changes from normal late pregnancy to the postpartum period. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, this study examined the degree of B-cell activation in normal pregnancy by analyzing the levels of serum markers in healthy pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy, the day of delivery, and the postpartum period. METHOD OF STUDY A prospective study including pregnant and non-pregnant women attending routine care was undertaken at a hospital clinic. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, along with peripheral blood samples. The serum levels of soluble CD23 (sCD23), B-cell-activating factor (BAFF), kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLC), IgA, IgG, and IgM were quantified. RESULTS Our study included 43 third trimester pregnant and 35 non-pregnant women. In the pregnant women, the median levels of sCD23, BAFF, IgG, and κ FLC were significantly higher during the postpartum period than during the third trimester of pregnancy. Compared to the non-pregnant women, the third trimester pregnant women had higher median BAFF levels and lower sCD23, IgA, IgG, and FLC levels. CONCLUSION Changes in serum markers of B-cell kinetics that occur during pregnancy often persist into the postpartum period and affect the secretion of immunoglobulins from different classes. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological significance of our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lima
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCUF Descobertas HospitalLisbonPortugal
- Department of Immunology, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculty of Medical SciencesNOVA Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
| | - Geraldine Cambridge
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andreia Vilas‐Boas
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Catarina Martins
- Department of Immunology, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculty of Medical SciencesNOVA Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
| | - Luís‐Miguel Borrego
- Department of Immunology, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculty of Medical SciencesNOVA Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
- Department of ImmunoallergyCUF Descobertas HospitalLisbonPortugal
| | - Maria Leandro
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Abstract
Pregnancy poses an immunological challenge because a genetically distinct (nonself) fetus must be supported within the pregnant female for the required gestational period. Placentation, or the establishment of the fetally derived placenta, is a common strategy used by eutherian mammals to protect the fetus and promote its growth. However, the substantial morphological differences of the placental architecture among species suggest that the process of placentation results from convergent evolution. Although there are considerable similarities in placental function across placental mammals, there are important differences that arise owing to species-specific immunological (and other biological) constraints. This Review focuses on the immunological similarities and differences that occur at the maternal-fetal interface in the context of human and mouse pregnancies. We discuss how the decidua and placenta of these different species form key immunological barriers that sustain maternal tolerance yet generate innate immune responses that prevent microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Ander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- R. K. Mellon Pediatric Research Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Vazquez J, Chasman DA, Lopez GE, Tyler CT, Ong IM, Stanic AK. Transcriptional and Functional Programming of Decidual Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:3065. [PMID: 32038619 PMCID: PMC6992589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful pregnancy requires many physiological adaptations from the mother, including the establishment of tolerance toward the semiallogeneic fetus. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have arisen as important players in immune regulation and tissue homeostasis at mucosal and barrier surfaces. Dimensionality reduction and transcriptomic analysis revealed the presence of two novel CD56Bright decidual ILCs that express low T-bet and divergent Eomes levels. Transcriptional correlation with recently identified first trimester decidual dNKs suggests that these novel decidual ILCs might be present throughout pregnancy. Functional testing with permutation analysis revealed production of multiple factors by individual cells, with a preference for IFNγ and VEGF. Overall, our data suggests continuity of a unique decidual innate lymphocytes across pregnancy with a polyfunctional functional profile conducive for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vazquez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Deborah A. Chasman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gladys E. Lopez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chanel T. Tyler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Irene M. Ong
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Aleksandar K. Stanic
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McSorley EM, Yeates AJ, Mulhern MS, van Wijngaarden E, Grzesik K, Thurston SW, Spence T, Crowe W, Davidson PW, Zareba G, Myers GJ, Watson GE, Shamlaye CF, Strain JJ. Associations of maternal immune response with MeHg exposure at 28 weeks' gestation in the Seychelles Child Development Study. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13046. [PMID: 30295973 PMCID: PMC6202202 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Maternal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure may be associated with immune response during pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY In the high fish-eating Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2, we examined the association between maternal MeHg, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and immune markers (Th1:Th2; TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, MCP-1, TARC, sFlt-1, VEGF-D, CRP and IL-6) at 28 weeks' gestation. Linear regression examined associations between MeHg exposure and immune markers with and without adjustment for PUFA. RESULTS In all models, as MeHg concentrations increased, the Th1:Th2 ratio, total Th1 and individual Th1 (IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α) concentrations decreased. MeHg was not associated with total Th2 cytokines but was associated with a decrease in IL-4 and IL-10. MeHg was positively associated with TARC and VEGF-D and negatively associated with CRP. There was a significant interaction between MeHg and the n-6:n-3 ratio, with MeHg associated with a larger decrease in Th1:Th2 at higher n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios. The n-3 PUFA were associated with lower CRP, IL-4 and higher IFN-γ. The n-6 PUFA were associated with higher IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, CRP and IL-6. CONCLUSION Maternal MeHg was associated with markers of immune function at 28 weeks' gestation. A significant interaction between MeHg and the n-6:n-3 ratio on the Th1:Th2 ratio suggests that the n-3 PUFA may mitigate any immunosuppressive associations of MeHg. The n-3 and n-6 PUFA were associated with suppressive and stimulatory immune responses, respectively. Overall, the associations were of small magnitude, and further research is required to determine the clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeir M. McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE)School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of UlsterColeraineNorthern Ireland
| | - Alison J. Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE)School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of UlsterColeraineNorthern Ireland
| | - Maria S. Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE)School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of UlsterColeraineNorthern Ireland
| | | | - Katherine Grzesik
- School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew York
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew York
| | - Toni Spence
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE)School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of UlsterColeraineNorthern Ireland
| | - William Crowe
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE)School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of UlsterColeraineNorthern Ireland
| | - Philip W. Davidson
- School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew York
| | - Grazyna Zareba
- School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew York
| | - Gary J. Myers
- School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew York
| | - Gene E. Watson
- School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew York
| | | | - J. J. Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE)School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of UlsterColeraineNorthern Ireland
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Vento-Tormo R, Efremova M, Botting RA, Turco MY, Vento-Tormo M, Meyer KB, Park JE, Stephenson E, Polański K, Goncalves A, Gardner L, Holmqvist S, Henriksson J, Zou A, Sharkey AM, Millar B, Innes B, Wood L, Wilbrey-Clark A, Payne RP, Ivarsson MA, Lisgo S, Filby A, Rowitch DH, Bulmer JN, Wright GJ, Stubbington MJT, Haniffa M, Moffett A, Teichmann SA. Single-cell reconstruction of the early maternal-fetal interface in humans. Nature 2018; 563:347-353. [PMID: 30429548 PMCID: PMC7612850 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1170] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During early human pregnancy the uterine mucosa transforms into the decidua, into which the fetal placenta implants and where placental trophoblast cells intermingle and communicate with maternal cells. Trophoblast-decidual interactions underlie common diseases of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia and stillbirth. Here we profile the transcriptomes of about 70,000 single cells from first-trimester placentas with matched maternal blood and decidual cells. The cellular composition of human decidua reveals subsets of perivascular and stromal cells that are located in distinct decidual layers. There are three major subsets of decidual natural killer cells that have distinctive immunomodulatory and chemokine profiles. We develop a repository of ligand-receptor complexes and a statistical tool to predict the cell-type specificity of cell-cell communication via these molecular interactions. Our data identify many regulatory interactions that prevent harmful innate or adaptive immune responses in this environment. Our single-cell atlas of the maternal-fetal interface reveals the cellular organization of the decidua and placenta, and the interactions that are critical for placentation and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Vento-Tormo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rachel A Botting
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Margherita Y Turco
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Emily Stephenson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Angela Goncalves
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucy Gardner
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Staffan Holmqvist
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Angela Zou
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew M Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben Millar
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara Innes
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Wood
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rebecca P Payne
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Steve Lisgo
- Human Developmental Biology Resource, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Filby
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith N Bulmer
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
Successful pregnancy requires carefully-coordinated communications between the mother and fetus. Immune cells and cytokine signaling pathways participate as mediators of these communications to promote healthy pregnancy. At the same time, certain infections or inflammatory conditions in pregnant mothers cause severe disease and have detrimental impacts on the developing fetus. In this review, we examine evidence for the role of maternal and fetal immune responses affecting pregnancy and fetal development, both under homeostasis and following infection. We discuss immune responses that are necessary to promote healthy pregnancy and those that lead to congenital disorders and pregnancy complications, with a particular emphasis on the role of interferons and cytokines. Understanding the contributions of the immune system in pregnancy and fetal development provides important insights into the pathogenesis underlying maternal and fetal diseases and sheds insights on possible targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Yockey
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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46
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Gilman-Sachs A, Dambaeva S, Salazar Garcia MD, Hussein Y, Kwak-Kim J, Beaman K. Inflammation induced preterm labor and birth. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 129:53-58. [PMID: 30025845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth which occurs before 37 weeks gestation is one of the most common obstetrical complication in humans. After many studies, it appears that "not one answer fits all" regarding the risk factors, causes and the treatments for this syndrome. However, it is becoming more evident that one of the major risk factors is inflammation and/or infection in the fetoplacental unit. In animal models (usually consisting of mice injected with lipopolysaccharide at 14 days of gestation), IL-22 and IL-6 have been identified as factors related to preterm birth. There are some clinical tests available to determine the risk for preterm labor and delivery, which can be identified before, during early, or at mid-gestation. However, treatment of preterm birth with antibiotics so far has not been "curable" and studies using anti-inflammatory treatments are not readily available. More studies regarding causes and treatments for preterm labor and delivery in humans are necessary to prevent neonatal deaths and/or developmental abnormalities associated with this common syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States.
| | - Svetlana Dambaeva
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Maria D Salazar Garcia
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago Medicine School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, United States
| | - Youssef Hussein
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago Medicine School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, United States
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States; Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago Medicine School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, United States
| | - Kenneth Beaman
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
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47
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Laget L, Cortey A. [Immuno-hematological follow up of pregnant women]. Rev Prat 2018; 68:541-546. [PMID: 30869426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-hematological follow up of pregnant women. The goal of immuno-hematological follow-up during pregnancy is to organize maternal transfusion safety and optimal management of fetal and neonatal hemolytic disease, that may result from maternal immunization. This follow-up relies on scheduled antibodies detection following regulation. Since May 2017 the refund by social security of the fetal RHD genotyping analysis on maternal plasma, it is possible to limit prophylaxis of allo-immunization to RhD-negative women with a RhD positive fetus. If red blood cell antibody detection is positive, an identification and a quantification of the antibody must be performed. Furthermore, fetomaternal red blood cell incompatibility must be confirmed, in order to adapt the management of allo-immunized pregnancy, for detection of fetal anemia but also to anticipate possible transfusion requirements of the mother and the newborn long before delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Laget
- EFS Provence- Alpes-Côte d'Azur-Corse, site de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Cortey
- Unité clinique du centre national de référence en hémobiologie périnatale, service de médecine foetale, pôle ORGYNE, hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
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48
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Cioffi M, Fratta M, Gazzerro P, Di Finizio B, Tucci A, Molinari AM. Ovca (CA125) Second Generation: Technical Aspects and Serum Levels in Controls, Patients with Liver Disease, Pregnant Women and Patients with Ovarian Disease. Tumori 2018; 83:594-8. [PMID: 9226027 DOI: 10.1177/030089169708300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An immunoradiometric method of the second generation (IRMA II) is widely used to determine CA125 serum levels. In this study we have evaluated the performance characteristics of a commercially available IRMA CA125 II (Byk-Gulden, Sangtec Diagnostics). The CA125 serum levels were determined in several groups of patients (healthy women, pregnant women, subjects affected by benign and malignant ovarian cancer, patients with liver diseases) with two IRMAs CA125 II (Byk-Gulden, Sangtec Diagnostica and Centocor, Diagnostic Division) and IRMA CA125 I (Byk-Gulden, Sangtec Diagnostica). Our results show a good analytic performance of IRMA CA125 II (Byk-Gulden, Sangtec Diagnostica), a good correlation between IRMAs CA125 II (Byk-Gulden, Sangtec Diagnostica and Centocor, Diagnostic Division), but an unacceptable correlation between IRMAs CA125 II (Byk-Gulden, Sangtec Diagnostica and Centocor, Diagnostic Division) and IRMA CA125 I. A statistically significant difference was observed comparing the values obtained with both IRMAs CA125 II and IRMA CA125 I in the groups of patients. In contrast no statistically significant difference was observed when we compared the values obtained with IRMA CA125 II (Byk-Gulden, Sangtec Diagnostica) and IRMA CA125 II (Centocor, Diagnostic Division). CA125 serum values obtained with the second-generation kits were different from those obtained with the first-generation one; consequently, it is important, especially in the follow-up of cancer patients, that CA125 serum values be obtained with kits of the same generation. Our data seem to suggest the use of second-generation kits to determine CA125 serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cioffi
- Istituto di Patologia Generale e Oncologia, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy
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49
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Amabebe E, Chapman DR, Stern VL, Stafford G, Anumba DOC. Mid-gestational changes in cervicovaginal fluid cytokine levels in asymptomatic pregnant women are predictive markers of inflammation-associated spontaneous preterm birth. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 126:1-10. [PMID: 29367099 PMCID: PMC5886036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perturbation of the choriodecidual space before the onset of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) could lead to a concomitant rise in both cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) cytokine and fetal fibronectin (FFN), and assessing the concentrations of both markers could improve the prediction of sPTB (delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation). Therefore, we prospectively determined mid-trimester changes in CVF cytokine and FFN concentrations, and their predictive capacity for sPTB in asymptomatic pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN CVF collected at 20+0-22+6 weeks (n = 47: Preterm-delivered = 22, Term-delivered = 25) and 26+0-28+6 weeks (n = 50: Preterm-delivered = 17, Term-delivered = 33) from 63 asymptomatic pregnant women at risk of sPTB were examined. Cytokine and FFN concentrations were determined by multiplexed bead-based immunoassay and 10Q Rapid analysis (Hologic, MA, USA) respectively. The 20+0-22+6/26+0-28+6 weeks ratios of cytokines and FFN concentrations were compared between preterm- and term-delivered women using Receiver Operating Characteristics curves to predict sPTB. Also, bacterial 16S rDNA from 64 samples (20+0-22+6 weeks n = 36, 26+0-28+6 weeks n = 28) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction to determine associations between vaginal microflora, cytokine and FFN concentrations. RESULTS Changes in RANTES and IL-1β concentrations between 20+0-22+6 and 26+0-28+6 weeks, expressed as a ratios, were predictive of sPTB, RANTES (AUC = 0.82, CI = 0.62-0.94) more so than IL-1β (AUC = 0.71, CI = 0.53-0.85) and FFN (not predictive). Combining these markers (AUC = 0.83, CI = 0.63-0.95) showed similar predictive capacity as RANTES alone. FFN concentrations at 26+0-28+6 weeks correlated with IL-1β (r = 0.4, P = 0.002) and RANTES (r = 0.3, P = 0.03). In addition, there was increased prevalence of vaginal anaerobes including Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Mobiluncus between gestational time points in women who experienced sPTB compared to the term women (P = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS CVF RANTES and IL-1β in mid-trimester of pregnancy correlate with quantitative FFN. The levels of CVF RANTES and IL-1β decline significantly in women who deliver at term unlike women who deliver preterm. This observation suggests that sPTB may be characterised by sustained choriodecidual inflammation and may have clinical value in serial screening for sPTB if confirmed by larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Amabebe
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David R Chapman
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria L Stern
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Graham Stafford
- Integrated BioSciences Group, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dilly O C Anumba
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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50
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Downs CJ, Boan BV, Lohuis TD, Stewart KM. Investigating Relationships between Reproduction, Immune Defenses, and Cortisol in Dall Sheep. Front Immunol 2018; 9:105. [PMID: 29445376 PMCID: PMC5797757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history theory is fundamental to understanding how animals allocate resources among survival, development, and reproduction, and among traits within these categories. Immediate trade-offs occur within a short span of time and, therefore, are more easily detected. Trade-offs, however, can also manifest across stages of the life cycle, a phenomenon known as carryover effects. We investigated trade-offs on both time scales in two populations of Dall sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in Southcentral Alaska. Specifically, we (i) tested for glucocorticoid-mediated carryover effects from the breeding season on reproductive success and immune defenses during parturition and (ii) tested for trade-offs between immune defenses and reproduction within a season. We observed no relationship between cortisol during mating and pregnancy success; however, we found marginal support for a negative relationship between maternal cortisol and neonate birth weights. Low birth weights, resulting from high maternal cortisol, may result in low survival or low fecundity for the neonate later in life, which could result in overall population decline. We observed a negative relationship between pregnancy and bacterial killing ability, although we observed no relationship between pregnancy and haptoglobin. Study site affected bactericidal capacity and the inflammatory response, indicating the influence of external factors on immune responses, although we could not test hypotheses about the cause of those differences. This study helps advance our understanding of the plasticity and complexity of the immune system and provides insights into the how individual differences in physiology may mediate differences in fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J. Downs
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, United States
| | - Brianne V. Boan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Thomas D. Lohuis
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Kelley M. Stewart
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
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