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Miller MJ, Akter D, Mahmud J, Chan GC. Human cytomegalovirus modulates mTORC1 to redirect mRNA translation within quiescently infected monocytes. J Virol 2024; 98:e0188823. [PMID: 38289104 PMCID: PMC10878035 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01888-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizes peripheral blood monocytes as a means to systemically disseminate throughout the host. Following viral entry, HCMV stimulates non-canonical Akt signaling leading to the activation of mTORC1 and the subsequent translation of select antiapoptotic proteins within infected monocytes. However, the full extent to which the HCMV-initiated Akt/mTORC1 signaling axis reshapes the monocyte translatome is unclear. We found HCMV entry alone was able to stimulate widescale changes to mRNA translation levels and that inhibition of mTOR, a component of mTORC1, dramatically attenuated HCMV-induced protein synthesis. Although monocytes treated with normal myeloid growth factors also exhibited increased levels of translation, mTOR inhibition had no effect, suggesting HCMV activation of mTOR stimulates the acquisition of a unique translatome within infected monocytes. Indeed, polyribosomal profiling of HCMV-infected monocytes identified distinct prosurvival transcripts that were preferentially loaded with ribosomes when compared to growth factor-treated cells. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a deacetylase that exerts prosurvival effects through regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, was found to be highly enriched following HCMV infection in an mTOR-dependent manner. Importantly, SIRT1 inhibition led to the death of HCMV-infected monocytes while having minimal effect on uninfected cells. SIRT1 also supported a positive feedback loop to sustain Akt/mTORC1 signaling following viral entry. Taken together, HCMV profoundly reshapes mRNA translation in an mTOR-dependent manner to enhance the synthesis of select factors necessary for the survival of infected monocytes.IMPORTANCEHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among the immunonaïve and immunocompromised. Peripheral blood monocytes are a major cell type responsible for disseminating the virus from the initial site of infection. In order for monocytes to mediate viral spread within the host, HCMV must subvert the naturally short lifespan of these cells. In this study, we performed polysomal profiling analysis, which demonstrated HCMV to globally redirect mRNA translation toward the synthesis of cellular prosurvival factors within infected monocytes. Specifically, HCMV entry into monocytes induced the translation of cellular SIRT1 to generate an antiapoptotic state. Defining the precise mechanisms through which HCMV stimulates survival will provide insight into novel anti-HCMV drugs able to target infected monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Dilruba Akter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jamil Mahmud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Gary C. Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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2
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Saint-André V, Charbit B, Biton A, Rouilly V, Possémé C, Bertrand A, Rotival M, Bergstedt J, Patin E, Albert ML, Quintana-Murci L, Duffy D. Smoking changes adaptive immunity with persistent effects. Nature 2024; 626:827-835. [PMID: 38355791 PMCID: PMC10881394 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Individuals differ widely in their immune responses, with age, sex and genetic factors having major roles in this inherent variability1-6. However, the variables that drive such differences in cytokine secretion-a crucial component of the host response to immune challenges-remain poorly defined. Here we investigated 136 variables and identified smoking, cytomegalovirus latent infection and body mass index as major contributors to variability in cytokine response, with effects of comparable magnitudes with age, sex and genetics. We find that smoking influences both innate and adaptive immune responses. Notably, its effect on innate responses is quickly lost after smoking cessation and is specifically associated with plasma levels of CEACAM6, whereas its effect on adaptive responses persists long after individuals quit smoking and is associated with epigenetic memory. This is supported by the association of the past smoking effect on cytokine responses with DNA methylation at specific signal trans-activators and regulators of metabolism. Our findings identify three novel variables associated with cytokine secretion variability and reveal roles for smoking in the short- and long-term regulation of immune responses. These results have potential clinical implications for the risk of developing infections, cancers or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Saint-André
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Biton
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | | | - Céline Possémé
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Bertrand
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Frontiers of Innovation in Research and Education PhD Program, LPI Doctoral School, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jacob Bergstedt
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Etienne Patin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
- Chair Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Monti CE, Mokry RL, Schumacher ML, Dash RK, Terhune SS. Computational modeling of protracted HCMV replication using genome substrates and protein temporal profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201787119. [PMID: 35994667 PMCID: PMC9437303 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201787119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of illness in immunocompromised individuals. The HCMV lytic cycle contributes to the clinical manifestations of infection. The lytic cycle occurs over ∼96 h in diverse cell types and consists of viral DNA (vDNA) genome replication and temporally distinct expression of hundreds of viral proteins. Given its complexity, understanding this elaborate system can be facilitated by the introduction of mechanistic computational modeling of temporal relationships. Therefore, we developed a multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent mechanistic computational model that simulates vDNA kinetics and late lytic replication based on in-house experimental data. The predictive capabilities were established by comparison to post hoc experimental data. Computational analysis of combinatorial regulatory mechanisms suggests increasing rates of protein degradation in association with increasing vDNA levels. The model framework also allows expansion to account for additional mechanisms regulating the processes. Simulating vDNA kinetics and the late lytic cycle for a wide range of MOIs yielded several unique observations. These include the presence of saturation behavior at high MOIs, inefficient replication at low MOIs, and a precise range of MOIs in which virus is maximized within a cell type, being 0.382 IU to 0.688 IU per fibroblast. The predicted saturation kinetics at high MOIs are likely related to the physical limitations of cellular machinery, while inefficient replication at low MOIs may indicate a minimum input material required to facilitate infection. In summary, we have developed and demonstrated the utility of a data-driven and expandable computational model simulating lytic HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Monti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Center of Systems and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Rebekah L. Mokry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Megan L. Schumacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Ranjan K. Dash
- Center of Systems and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Scott S. Terhune
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Center of Systems and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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4
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Ishiyama K, Arakawa-Hoyt J, Aguilar OA, Damm I, Towfighi P, Sigdel T, Tamaki S, Babdor J, Spitzer MH, Reed EF, Sarwal MM, Lanier LL. Mass cytometry reveals single-cell kinetics of cytotoxic lymphocyte evolution in CMV-infected renal transplant patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116588119. [PMID: 35181606 PMCID: PMC8872722 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116588119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with graft rejection in renal transplantation. Memory-like natural killer (NK) cells expressing NKG2C and lacking FcεRIγ are established during CMV infection. Additionally, CD8+ T cells expressing NKG2C have been observed in some CMV-seropositive patients. However, in vivo kinetics detailing the development and differentiation of these lymphocyte subsets during CMV infection remain limited. Here, we interrogated the in vivo kinetics of lymphocytes in CMV-infected renal transplant patients using longitudinal samples compared with those of nonviremic (NV) patients. Recipient CMV-seropositive (R+) patients had preexisting memory-like NK cells (NKG2C+CD57+FcεRIγ-) at baseline, which decreased in the periphery immediately after transplantation in both viremic and NV patients. We identified a subset of prememory-like NK cells (NKG2C+CD57+FcεRIγlow-dim) that increased during viremia in R+ viremic patients. These cells showed a higher cytotoxic profile than preexisting memory-like NK cells with transient up-regulation of FcεRIγ and Ki67 expression at the acute phase, with the subsequent accumulation of new memory-like NK cells at later phases of viremia. Furthermore, cytotoxic NKG2C+CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells significantly increased in viremic patients but not in NV patients. These three different cytotoxic cells combinatorially responded to viremia, showing a relatively early response in R+ viremic patients compared with recipient CMV-seronegative viremic patients. All viremic patients, except one, overcame viremia and did not experience graft rejection. These data provide insights into the in vivo dynamics and interplay of cytotoxic lymphocytes responding to CMV viremia, which are potentially linked with control of CMV viremia to prevent graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Janice Arakawa-Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Izabella Damm
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Parhom Towfighi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Tara Sigdel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry Core, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joel Babdor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Minnie M Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Soleimanian S, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH, Geramizadeh B, Roozbeh J. The Direct Influence of Cytomegalovirus Lysate on the Natural Killer Cell Receptor Repertoire. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 20:721-733. [PMID: 34920655 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v20i6.8023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for controlling certain viral infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). In particular, the importance of NK cells in the context of CMV infection is underscored by the adaptive capabilities of these cells. Evidence suggests that some viruses can directly interfere with NK cell compartments and their activation and lead to shape-shifting the NK cell receptor repertoire. Still, it remains unknown whether the CMV can interact with NK cells without intermediaries. Here, we examined whether the direct effects of CMV lysate alter phenotypical properties of NK cells. To investigate this issue, NK cells were isolated from the blood of CMV seropositive healthy donors by negative magnetic separation. Isolated NK cells were cultured in the presence of CMV lysate and analyzed for the expression of NKG2A, NKG2C, and CD57 by FACS caliber. The results showed that NKG2C expression is significantly upregulated in the presence of CMV lysate compared to without stimulated group (mean increase, 6.65 %; 95% CI, 0.2582 to 13.02; p=0.043; R square: 0.38). Likewise, results have shown a significant decrease in the frequency of NKG2A+CD57- NK cell subsets (p=0.005; 95% CI, -13.49 to -3.151; R square: 0.5957) in the stimulated group compared to without stimulated ones. According to these results, CMV may drive a direct influence on NK cell receptor repertoire, including the expansion of NK cells expressing NKG2C receptor, which is needed for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Soleimanian
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Häge S, Büscher N, Pakulska V, Hahn F, Adrait A, Krauter S, Borst EM, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Couté Y, Plachter B, Marschall M. The Complex Regulatory Role of Cytomegalovirus Nuclear Egress Protein pUL50 in the Production of Infectious Virus. Cells 2021; 10:3119. [PMID: 34831342 PMCID: PMC8625744 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the nucleocytoplasmic release of herpesviral capsids is defined by the process of nuclear egress. Due to their large size, nuclear capsids are unable to traverse via nuclear pores, so that herpesviruses evolved to develop a vesicular transport pathway mediating their transition through both leaflets of the nuclear membrane. This process involves regulatory proteins, which support the local distortion of the nuclear envelope. For human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the nuclear egress complex (NEC) is determined by the pUL50-pUL53 core that initiates multicomponent assembly with NEC-associated proteins and capsids. Hereby, pUL50 serves as a multi-interacting determinant that recruits several viral and cellular factors by direct and indirect contacts. Recently, we generated an ORF-UL50-deleted recombinant HCMV in pUL50-complementing cells and obtained first indications of putative additional functions of pUL50. In this study, we produced purified ΔUL50 particles under both complementing (ΔUL50C) and non-complementing (ΔUL50N) conditions and performed a phenotypical characterization. Findings were as follows: (i) ΔUL50N particle preparations exhibited a clear replicative defect in qPCR-based infection kinetics compared to ΔUL50C particles; (ii) immuno-EM analysis of ΔUL50C did not reveal major changes in nuclear distribution of pUL53 and lamin A/C; (iii) mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics showed a large concordance of protein contents in the NIEP fractions of ΔUL50C and ΔUL50N particles, but virion fraction was close to the detection limit for ΔUL50N; (iv) confocal imaging of viral marker proteins of immediate early (IE) and later phases of ΔUL50N infection indicated a very low number of cells showing an onset of viral lytic protein expression; and, finally (v) quantitative measurements of encapsidated genomes provided evidence for a substantial reduction in the DNA contents in ΔUL50N compared to ΔUL50C particles. In summary, the results point to a complex and important regulatory role of the HCMV nuclear egress protein pUL50 in the maturation of infectious virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Häge
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Nicole Büscher
- Institute for Virology and Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.B.); (S.K.); (B.P.)
| | - Victoria Pakulska
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, 38000 Grenoble, France; (V.P.); (A.A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Annie Adrait
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, 38000 Grenoble, France; (V.P.); (A.A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Steffi Krauter
- Institute for Virology and Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.B.); (S.K.); (B.P.)
| | - Eva Maria Borst
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | | | - Yohann Couté
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, 38000 Grenoble, France; (V.P.); (A.A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Bodo Plachter
- Institute for Virology and Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.B.); (S.K.); (B.P.)
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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Luo XH, Zhu Y, Chen YT, Shui LP, Liu L. CMV Infection and CMV-Specific Immune Reconstitution Following Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation: An Update. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732826. [PMID: 34777342 PMCID: PMC8580860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haploSCT) has advanced to a common procedure for treating patients with hematological malignancies and immunodeficiency diseases. However, cure is seriously hampered by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections and delayed immune reconstitution for the majority of haploidentical transplant recipients compared to HLA-matched stem cell transplantation. Three major approaches, including in vivo T-cell depletion (TCD) using antithymocyte globulin for haploSCT (in vivo TCD-haploSCT), ex vivo TCD using CD34 + positive selection for haploSCT (ex vivo TCD-haploSCT), and T-cell replete haploSCT using posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy-haploSCT), are currently used worldwide. We provide an update on CMV infection and CMV-specific immune recovery in this fast-evolving field. The progress made in cellular immunotherapy of CMV infection after haploSCT is also addressed. Groundwork has been prepared for the creation of personalized avenues to enhance immune reconstitution and decrease the incidence of CMV infection after haploSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ping Shui
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Maulani C, Auerkari EI, C. Masulili SL, Soeroso Y, Djoko Santoso W, S. Kusdhany L. Association between Epstein-Barr virus and periodontitis: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258109. [PMID: 34618843 PMCID: PMC8496828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have found that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with periodontitis, though some controversy remains. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify and update the relationship between EBV and periodontitis as well as clinical parameters. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases in December 2020. Original data were extracted according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcomes were analyzed, including overall odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A random-effects model was used, and publication bias was assessed by Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the stability of the outcome. Results Twenty-six studies were included in the present meta-analysis, involving 1354 periodontitis patients and 819 healthy controls. The included studies mostly showed high quality. The overall quantitative synthesis for the association between EBV and periodontitis was an increased odds ratio when subgingival EBV was detected OR = 7.069, 95% CI = 4.197–11.905, P<0.001). The results of subgroup analysis suggested that the association of EBV with periodontitis was significant in Asian, European, and American populations (P<0.001; P = 0.04; P = 0.003, respectively) but not in African populations (P = 0.29). Subgroup analysis by sample type showed that subgingival plaque (SgP), tissue and gingival crevicular fluid GCF were useful for EBV detection (P<0.001). EBV detection amplification methods included nested PCR, multiplex PCR and PCR (P<0.001; P = 0.05, P<0.001, respectively), but EBV detection by real-time PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification presented no significant result (P = 0.06; P = 0.3, respectively). For the clinical parameters of periodontitis, pocket depth (PD) and bleeding of probing (BOP) percentages were higher in the EBV-positive sites than in the EBV-negative sites (MD 0.47 [0.08, 0.85], P = 0.02; MD 19.45 [4.47, 34.43], P = 0.01). Conclusions A high frequency of EBV detection is associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. The EBV association was particularly significant in all populations except in African populations. Subgigival plaque (SgP), tissue and GCF were not significantly different useful material for detecting EBV in periodontitis. Nested PCR and multiplex PCR are reliable methods for this purpose. In the presence of EBV, PD and BOP are reliable clinical parameters for gingival inflammation. However, some caution in such interpretation is justified due to heterogeneity among studies. A suggested extension could assess the parallel influence of other human herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaerita Maulani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Doctoral Program, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sri Lelyati C. Masulili
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widayat Djoko Santoso
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine in Tropical Infection, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lindawati S. Kusdhany
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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El Baba R, Herbein G. Immune Landscape of CMV Infection in Cancer Patients: From "Canonical" Diseases Toward Virus-Elicited Oncomodulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730765. [PMID: 34566995 PMCID: PMC8456041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an immensely pervasive herpesvirus, persistently infecting high percentages of the world population. Despite the apparent robust host immune responses, HCMV is capable of replicating, evading host defenses, and establishing latency throughout life by developing multiple immune-modulatory strategies. HCMV has coexisted with humans mounting various mechanisms to evade immune cells and effectively win the HCMV-immune system battle mainly through maintaining its viral genome, impairing HLA Class I and II molecule expression, evading from natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, interfering with cellular signaling, inhibiting apoptosis, escaping complement attack, and stimulating immunosuppressive cytokines (immune tolerance). HCMV expresses several gene products that modulate the host immune response and promote modifications in non-coding RNA and regulatory proteins. These changes are linked to several complications, such as immunosenescence and malignant phenotypes leading to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and oncomodulation. Hence, tumor survival is promoted by affecting cellular proliferation and survival, invasion, immune evasion, immunosuppression, and giving rise to angiogenic factors. Viewing HCMV-induced evasion mechanisms will play a principal role in developing novel adapted therapeutic approaches against HCMV, especially since immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapeutic strategies. Since tumors acquire immune evasion strategies, anti-tumor immunity could be prominently triggered by multimodal strategies to induce, on one side, immunogenic tumor apoptosis and to actively oppose the immune suppressive microenvironment, on the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim El Baba
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UBFC, Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UBFC, Besançon, France
- Department of Virology, Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Besançon (CHRU) Besançon, Besancon, France
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10
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Gergely KM, Podlech J, Becker S, Freitag K, Krauter S, Büscher N, Holtappels R, Plachter B, Reddehase MJ, Lemmermann NAW. Therapeutic Vaccination of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients Improves Protective CD8 T-Cell Immunotherapy of Cytomegalovirus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694588. [PMID: 34489940 PMCID: PMC8416627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) endangers the therapeutic success of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in tumor patients due to cytopathogenic virus spread that leads to organ manifestations of CMV disease, to interstitial pneumonia in particular. In cases of virus variants that are refractory to standard antiviral pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy by adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of virus-specific CD8+ T cells is the last resort to bridge the "protection gap" between hematoablative conditioning for HCT and endogenous reconstitution of antiviral immunity. We have used the well-established mouse model of CD8+ T-cell immunotherapy by ACT in a setting of experimental HCT and murine CMV (mCMV) infection to pursue the concept of improving the efficacy of ACT by therapeutic vaccination (TherVac) post-HCT. TherVac aims at restimulation and expansion of limited numbers of transferred antiviral CD8+ T cells within the recipient. Syngeneic HCT was performed with C57BL/6 mice as donors and recipients. Recipients were infected with recombinant mCMV (mCMV-SIINFEKL) that expresses antigenic peptide SIINFEKL presented to CD8+ T cells by the MHC class-I molecule Kb. ACT was performed with transgenic OT-I CD8+ T cells expressing a T-cell receptor specific for SIINFEKL-Kb. Recombinant human CMV dense bodies (DB-SIINFEKL), engineered to contain SIINFEKL within tegument protein pUL83/pp65, served for vaccination. DBs were chosen as they represent non-infectious, enveloped, and thus fusion-competent subviral particles capable of activating dendritic cells and delivering antigens directly into the cytosol for processing and presentation in the MHC class-I pathway. One set of our experiments documents the power of vaccination with DBs in protecting the immunocompetent host against a challenge infection. A further set of experiments revealed a significant improvement of antiviral control in HCT recipients by combining ACT with TherVac. In both settings, the benefit from vaccination with DBs proved to be strictly epitope-specific. The capacity to protect was lost when DBs included the peptide sequence SIINFEKA lacking immunogenicity and antigenicity due to C-terminal residue point mutation L8A, which prevents efficient proteasomal peptide processing and binding to Kb. Our preclinical research data thus provide an argument for using pre-emptive TherVac to enhance antiviral protection by ACT in HCT recipients with diagnosed CMV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Niels A. W. Lemmermann
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Flores-Martínez YA, Le-Trilling VTK, Trilling M. Nedd8-Activating Enzyme Is a Druggable Host Dependency Factor of Human and Mouse Cytomegalovirus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081610. [PMID: 34452475 PMCID: PMC8402636 DOI: 10.3390/v13081610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus causes diseases in individuals with insufficient immunity. Cytomegaloviruses exploit the ubiquitin proteasome pathway to manipulate the proteome of infected cells. The proteasome degrades ubiquitinated proteins. The family of cullin RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL) regulates the stability of numerous important proteins. If the cullin within the CRL is modified with Nedd8 ("neddylated"), the CRL is enzymatically active, while CRLs lacking Nedd8 modifications are inactive. The Nedd8-activating enzyme (NAE) is indispensable for neddylation. By binding to NAE and inhibiting neddylation, the drug MLN4924 (pevonedistat) causes CRL inactivation and stabilization of CRL target proteins. We showed that MLN4924 elicits potent antiviral activity against cytomegaloviruses, suggesting that NAE might be a druggable host dependency factor (HDF). However, MLN4924 is a nucleoside analog related to AMP, and the antiviral activity of MLN4924 may have been influenced by off-target effects in addition to NAE inhibition. To test if NAE is indeed an HDF, we assessed the novel NAE inhibitor TAS4464 and observed potent antiviral activity against mouse and human cytomegalovirus. Additionally, we raised an MLN4924-resistant cell clone and showed that MLN4924 as well as TAS4464 lose their antiviral activity in these cells. Our results indicate that NAE, the neddylation process, and CRLs are druggable HDFs of cytomegaloviruses.
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12
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Rink MR, Baptista MAP, Flomm FJ, Hennig T, Whisnant AW, Wolf N, Seibel J, Dölken L, Bosse JB. Concatemeric Broccoli reduces mRNA stability and induces aggregates. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244166. [PMID: 34347781 PMCID: PMC8336797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorogenic aptamers are an alternative to established methodology for real-time imaging of RNA transport and dynamics. We developed Broccoli-aptamer concatemers ranging from 4 to 128 substrate-binding site repeats and characterized their behavior fused to an mCherry-coding mRNA in transient transfection, stable expression, and in recombinant cytomegalovirus infection. Concatemerization of substrate-binding sites increased Broccoli fluorescence up to a concatemer length of 16 copies, upon which fluorescence did not increase and mCherry signals declined. This was due to the combined effects of RNA aptamer aggregation and reduced RNA stability. Unfortunately, both cellular and cytomegalovirus genomes were unable to maintain and express high Broccoli concatemer copy numbers, possibly due to recombination events. Interestingly, negative effects of Broccoli concatemers could be partially rescued by introducing linker sequences in between Broccoli repeats warranting further studies. Finally, we show that even though substrate-bound Broccoli is easily photobleached, it can still be utilized in live-cell imaging by adapting a time-lapse imaging protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco R. Rink
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marisa A. P. Baptista
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix J. Flomm
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Hamburg, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hennig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adam W. Whisnant
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Wolf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens B. Bosse
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Hamburg, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Singh N, Wagener MM. Cytomegalovirus Serostatus and Functional Impairment in Liver Transplant Recipients in the Current Era. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081519. [PMID: 34452384 PMCID: PMC8402920 DOI: 10.3390/v13081519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether donor (D+) or recipient (R+) cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with functional impairment in liver transplant recipients is not known. METHODS Patients included adult liver transplant recipients in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database transplanted over a five-year period from 1 January 2014-31 December 2018. Functional status in the database was assessed using Karnofsky performance scale. A logistic regression model that controlled for potential confounders was used to examine the association of CMV serostatus and functional status. Variables significantly associated with functional status (p < 0.05) were then used to develop propensity score and propensity score matched analysis was conducted where each patient was compared with a matched-control with the same propensity score. RESULTS Among 30,267 adult liver transplant recipients, D+ or R+ patients had significantly lower functional status at last follow-up than the D-R- cohort (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.96, p = 0.007). In propensity score matched model, D+ or R+ patients had significantly lower functional status than matched-controls (p = 0.009). D+ or R+ CMV serostatus (p = 0.018) and low functional level (p < 0.001) were also independently associated with infections as cause-of-death. CONCLUSIONS D+ or R+ liver transplant recipients had lower functional status and higher risk of deaths due to infections. Future studies are warranted to examine the mechanistic basis of these findings in the setting of transplantation.
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Baasch S, Giansanti P, Kolter J, Riedl A, Forde AJ, Runge S, Zenke S, Elling R, Halenius A, Brabletz S, Hengel H, Kuster B, Brabletz T, Cicin-Sain L, Arens R, Vlachos A, Rohr JC, Stemmler MP, Kopf M, Ruzsics Z, Henneke P. Cytomegalovirus subverts macrophage identity. Cell 2021; 184:3774-3793.e25. [PMID: 34115982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) have co-evolved with their mammalian hosts for millions of years, leading to remarkable host specificity and high infection prevalence. Macrophages, which already populate barrier tissues in the embryo, are the predominant immune cells at potential CMV entry sites. Here we show that, upon CMV infection, macrophages undergo a morphological, immunophenotypic, and metabolic transformation process with features of stemness, altered migration, enhanced invasiveness, and provision of the cell cycle machinery for viral proliferation. This complex process depends on Wnt signaling and the transcription factor ZEB1. In pulmonary infection, mouse CMV primarily targets and reprograms alveolar macrophages, which alters lung physiology and facilitates primary CMV and secondary bacterial infection by attenuating the inflammatory response. Thus, CMV profoundly perturbs macrophage identity beyond established limits of plasticity and rewires specific differentiation processes, allowing viral spread and impairing innate tissue immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Baasch
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Riedl
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron James Forde
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Solveig Runge
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Zenke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Immune Aging and Chronic Infections Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Christopher Rohr
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Philippe Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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15
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Royston L, Isnard S, Lin J, Routy JP. Cytomegalovirus as an Uninvited Guest in the Response to Vaccines in People Living with HIV. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071266. [PMID: 34209711 PMCID: PMC8309982 DOI: 10.3390/v13071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In stark contrast to the rapid development of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is still lacking. Furthermore, despite virologic suppression and CD4 T-cell count normalization with antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) still exhibit increased morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. Such differences in health outcomes are related to higher risk behaviors, but also to HIV-related immune activation and viral coinfections. Among these coinfections, cytomegalovirus (CMV) latent infection is a well-known inducer of long-term immune dysregulation. Cytomegalovirus contributes to the persistent immune activation in PLWH receiving ART by directly skewing immune response toward itself, and by increasing immune activation through modification of the gut microbiota and microbial translocation. In addition, through induction of immunosenescence, CMV has been associated with a decreased response to infections and vaccines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the influence of CMV on the immune system, the mechanisms underlying a reduced response to vaccines, and discuss new therapeutic advances targeting CMV that could be used to improve vaccine response in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léna Royston
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (L.R.); (S.I.); (J.L.)
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (L.R.); (S.I.); (J.L.)
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - John Lin
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (L.R.); (S.I.); (J.L.)
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (L.R.); (S.I.); (J.L.)
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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16
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Krstanović F, Britt WJ, Jonjić S, Brizić I. Cytomegalovirus Infection and Inflammation in Developing Brain. Viruses 2021; 13:1078. [PMID: 34200083 PMCID: PMC8227981 DOI: 10.3390/v13061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus that can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and immunologically immature fetuses and newborns. Most infected newborns are able to resolve the infection without developing sequelae. However, in severe cases, congenital HCMV infection can result in life-threatening pathologies and permanent damage of organ systems that possess a low regenerative capacity. Despite the severity of the problem, HCMV infection of the central nervous system (CNS) remains inadequately characterized to date. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) show strict species specificity, limiting the use of HCMV in experimental animals. Infection following intraperitoneal administration of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) into newborn mice efficiently recapitulates many aspects of congenital HCMV infection in CNS. Upon entering the CNS, CMV targets all resident brain cells, consequently leading to the development of widespread histopathology and inflammation. Effector functions from both resident cells and infiltrating immune cells efficiently resolve acute MCMV infection in the CNS. However, host-mediated inflammatory factors can also mediate the development of immunopathologies during CMV infection of the brain. Here, we provide an overview of the cytomegalovirus infection in the brain, local immune response to infection, and mechanisms leading to CNS sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Krstanović
- Center for Proteomics and Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (F.K.); (S.J.)
| | - William J. Britt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics and Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (F.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics and Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (F.K.); (S.J.)
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Rahbar A, Pantalone MR, Religa P, Rådestad AF, Söderberg-Naucler C. Evidence of human cytomegalovirus infection and expression of 5-lipoxygenase in borderline ovarian tumors. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4023-4027. [PMID: 33174621 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) belong to a group of tumors that are distinctly different from ovarian carcinomas. There is an increased risk of BOTs in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in ovarian cancer tissue specimens. This virus favors the inflammatory milieu by inducing expression of the potent inflammatory factor 5-lipoxygenase (5LO), which stimulates cellular viability, cellular proliferation and activates antiapoptotic signaling pathways. Here, we aimed to examine presence of HCMV and 5LO in BOTs. Expression levels of HCMV proteins (IE and pp65) and 5LO were examined in paraffin embedded BOT tissue sections by immunohistochemistry staining and HCMV immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were determined by serology in blood samples obtained from 15 patients with BOTs identified in a prospective study at Karolinska University Hospital. Extensive expression of HCMV-IE, pp65, and 5LO were detected in 87%, 40%, and 90% of examined BOT tissue sections, respectively. HCMV-IgG prevalence and antibody levels were significantly higher in patients with BOT compared to age matched healthy women (83.3% vs. 65,6%, respectively, p = .01). Whether HCMV can induce inflammation and affect the pathogenesis of BOTs should therefore be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar Rahbar
- Microbial Pathogens Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattia Russel Pantalone
- Microbial Pathogens Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Religa
- Microbial Pathogens Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Angelique Flöter Rådestad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hereditary Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Microbial Pathogens Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Zhang X, Xi T, Zhang L, Bi Y, Huang Y, Lu Y, Liu X, Fang F. The role of autophagy in human cytomegalovirus IE2 expression. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3795-3803. [PMID: 32710640 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether autophagy regulates the expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediately early two viral protein (IE2). Rapamycin and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used to stimulate or suppress autophagy during HCMV infection. UL122 recombinant plasmid was transfected to overexpress IE2 and small interference RNA against autophagy-related protein 3 (ATG3) was used to knockdown ATG3. Western blot was performed to measure the expression of viral proteins and autophagy levels. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the immediately early 1 viral protein (IE1) expression. In human embryonic lung fibroblasts, infection of HCMV promotes the lipidation of light chain 3 (LC3) at 6 and 24 hours post infection (hpi), which was accompanied by the increased expression of viral protein IE2. When only IE2 was overexpressed via UL122 recombinant plasmid transfection without HCMV infection, the autophagy hallmarks LC3II and ATG3 were upregulated. Furthermore, viral protein IE2 expression was reduced at 24 and 48 hpi either by the treatment of autophagy inducer rapamycin or by the inhibitor 3-MA before HCMV infection. At the same time, small interference ATG3 transient transfection, used to suppress autophagy, significantly inhibited IE2 expression. However, when 3-MA was used to regulate autophagy levels after HCMV infection, expression of IE2 and IE1 were both decreased, while autophagy inducer rapamycin treatment after HCMV infection increased IE2 expression slightly. IE2 was involved in autophagy induced by HCMV infection and blocking autophagy could inhibit the expression of HCMV viral protein IE2, which might be one way for autophagy to restrict HCMV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Xi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yidan Bi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinglou Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yawata N, Shirane M, Woon K, Lim X, Tanaka H, Kawano YI, Yawata M, Chee SP, Siak J, Sonoda KH. Molecular Signatures of Natural Killer Cells in CMV-Associated Anterior Uveitis, A New Type of CMV-Induced Disease in Immunocompetent Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073623. [PMID: 33807229 PMCID: PMC8037729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes clinical issues primarily in immune-suppressed conditions. CMV-associated anterior uveitis (CMV-AU) is a notable new disease entity manifesting recurrent ocular inflammation in immunocompetent individuals. As patient demographics indicated contributions from genetic background and immunosenescence as possible underlying pathological mechanisms, we analyzed the immunogenetics of the cohort in conjunction with cell phenotypes to identify molecular signatures of CMV-AU. Among the immune cell types, natural killer (NK) cells are main responders against CMV. Therefore, we first characterized variants of polymorphic genes that encode differences in CMV-related human NK cell responses (Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) and HLA class I) in 122 CMV-AU patients. The cases were then stratified according to their genetic features and NK cells were analyzed for human CMV-related markers (CD57, KLRG1, NKG2C) by flow cytometry. KIR3DL1 and HLA class I combinations encoding strong receptor–ligand interactions were present at substantially higher frequencies in CMV-AU. In these cases, NK cell profiling revealed expansion of the subset co-expressing CD57 and KLRG1, and together with KIR3DL1 and the CMV-recognizing NKG2C receptor. The findings imply that a mechanism of CMV-AU pathogenesis likely involves CMV-responding NK cells co-expressing CD57/KLRG1/NKG2C that develop on a genetic background of KIR3DL1/HLA-B allotypes encoding strong receptor–ligand interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- CD57 Antigens/genetics
- CD57 Antigens/immunology
- Cohort Studies
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus/pathogenicity
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology
- Female
- Genes, MHC Class I/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host/immunology
- Immunocompromised Host/physiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C/genetics
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects
- Uveitis, Anterior/genetics
- Uveitis, Anterior/metabolism
- Uveitis, Anterior/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyo Yawata
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (K.W.); (X.L.); (S.-P.C.); (J.S.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariko Shirane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Kaing Woon
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (K.W.); (X.L.); (S.-P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Xinru Lim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (K.W.); (X.L.); (S.-P.C.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Yoh-Ichi Kawano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan;
| | - Makoto Yawata
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore;
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Soon-Phaik Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (K.W.); (X.L.); (S.-P.C.); (J.S.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Ocular Inflammation and Immunology Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Jay Siak
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (K.W.); (X.L.); (S.-P.C.); (J.S.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Ocular Inflammation and Immunology Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.); (K.-H.S.)
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20
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Parry HM, Dowell AC, Zuo J, Verma K, Kinsella FAM, Begum J, Croft W, Sharma-Oates A, Pratt G, Moss P. PD-1 is imprinted on cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T cells and attenuates Th1 cytokine production whilst maintaining cytotoxicity. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009349. [PMID: 33662046 PMCID: PMC7963093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1 is expressed on exhausted T cells in cancer patients but its physiological role remains uncertain. We determined the phenotype, function and transcriptional correlates of PD-1 expression on cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T cells during latent infection. PD-1 expression ranged from 10-85% and remained stable over time within individual donors. This 'setpoint' was correlated with viral load at primary infection. PD-1+ CD4+ T cells display strong cytotoxic function but generate low levels of Th1 cytokines which is only partially reversed by PD-1 blockade. TCR clonotypes showed variable sharing between PD-1+ and PD-1- CMV-specific cells indicating that PD-1 status is defined either during T cell priming or subsequent clonal expansion. Physiological PD-1+ CD4+ T cells therefore display a unique 'high cytotoxicity-low cytokine' phenotype and may act to suppress viral reactivation whilst minimizing tissue inflammation. Improved understanding of the physiological role of PD-1 will help to delineate the mechanisms, and potential reversal, of PD-1+ CD4+ T cell exhaustion in patients with malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Parry
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C. Dowell
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jianmin Zuo
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kriti Verma
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca A. M. Kinsella
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jusnara Begum
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Croft
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Sharma-Oates
- Centre for Computational Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer & Genomics, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Pratt
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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21
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Schilling EM, Scherer M, Rothemund F, Stamminger T. Functional regulation of the structure-specific endonuclease FEN1 by the human cytomegalovirus protein IE1 suggests a role for the re-initiation of stalled viral replication forks. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009460. [PMID: 33770148 PMCID: PMC8026080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a member of the family of structure-specific endonucleases implicated in regulation of DNA damage response and DNA replication. So far, knowledge on the role of FEN1 during viral infections is limited. Previous publications indicated that poxviruses encode a conserved protein that acts in a manner similar to FEN1 to stimulate homologous recombination, double-strand break (DSB) repair and full-size genome formation. Only recently, cellular FEN1 has been identified as a key component for hepatitis B virus cccDNA formation. Here, we report on a novel functional interaction between Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early protein 1 (IE1). Our results provide evidence that IE1 manipulates FEN1 in an unprecedented manner: we observed that direct IE1 binding does not only enhance FEN1 protein stability but also phosphorylation at serine 187. This correlates with nucleolar exclusion of FEN1 stimulating its DSB-generating gap endonuclease activity. Depletion of FEN1 and inhibition of its enzymatic activity during HCMV infection significantly reduced nascent viral DNA synthesis demonstrating a supportive role for efficient HCMV DNA replication. Furthermore, our results indicate that FEN1 is required for the formation of DSBs during HCMV infection suggesting that IE1 acts as viral activator of FEN1 in order to re-initiate stalled replication forks. In summary, we propose a novel mechanism of viral FEN1 activation to overcome replication fork barriers at difficult-to-replicate sites in viral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Wild M, Kicuntod J, Seyler L, Wangen C, Bertzbach LD, Conradie AM, Kaufer BB, Wagner S, Michel D, Eickhoff J, Tsogoeva SB, Bäuerle T, Hahn F, Marschall M. Combinatorial Drug Treatments Reveal Promising Anticytomegaloviral Profiles for Clinically Relevant Pharmaceutical Kinase Inhibitors (PKIs). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020575. [PMID: 33430060 PMCID: PMC7826512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a human pathogenic herpesvirus associated with a variety of clinical symptoms. Current antiviral therapy is not always effective, so that improved drug classes and drug-targeting strategies are needed. Particularly host-directed antivirals, including pharmaceutical kinase inhibitors (PKIs), may help to overcome problems of drug resistance. Here, we focused on utilizing a selection of clinically relevant PKIs and determined their anticytomegaloviral efficacies. Particularly, PKIs directed to host or viral cyclin-dependent kinases, i.e., abemaciclib, LDC4297 and maribavir, exerted promising profiles against human and murine cytomegaloviruses. The anti-HCMV in vitro activity of the approved anti-cancer drug abemaciclib was confirmed in vivo using our luciferase-based murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) animal model in immunocompetent mice. To assess drug combinations, we applied the Bliss independence checkerboard and Loewe additivity fixed-dose assays in parallel. Results revealed that (i) both affirmative approaches provided valuable information on anti-CMV drug efficacies and interactions, (ii) the analyzed combinations comprised additive, synergistic or antagonistic drug interactions consistent with the drugs’ antiviral mode-of-action, (iii) the selected PKIs, especially LDC4297, showed promising inhibitory profiles, not only against HCMV but also other α-, β- and γ-herpesviruses, and specifically, (iv) the combination treatment with LDC4297 and maribavir revealed a strong synergism against HCMV, which might open doors towards novel clinical options in the near future. Taken together, this study highlights the potential of therapeutic drug combinations of current developmental/preclinical PKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wild
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (J.K.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Jintawee Kicuntod
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (J.K.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Lisa Seyler
- Institute of Radiology, University Medical Center Erlangen, FAU, Palmsanlage 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Christina Wangen
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (J.K.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Luca D. Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (L.D.B.); (A.M.C.); (B.B.K.)
| | - Andelé M. Conradie
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (L.D.B.); (A.M.C.); (B.B.K.)
| | - Benedikt B. Kaufer
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (L.D.B.); (A.M.C.); (B.B.K.)
| | - Sabrina Wagner
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (J.K.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Detlef Michel
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Str. 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, FAU, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Medical Center Erlangen, FAU, Palmsanlage 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (J.K.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (J.K.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8526-089
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23
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Karimi-Boroujeni M, Zahedi-Amiri A, Coombs KM. Embryonic Origins of Virus-Induced Hearing Loss: Overview of Molecular Etiology. Viruses 2021; 13:71. [PMID: 33419104 PMCID: PMC7825458 DOI: 10.3390/v13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss, one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions, affects around half a billion people worldwide, including 34 million children. The World Health Organization estimates that the prevalence of disabling hearing loss will increase to over 900 million people by 2050. Many cases of congenital hearing loss are triggered by viral infections during different stages of pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which viruses induce hearing loss are not sufficiently explored, especially cases that are of embryonic origins. The present review first describes the cellular and molecular characteristics of the auditory system development at early stages of embryogenesis. These developmental hallmarks, which initiate upon axial specification of the otic placode as the primary root of the inner ear morphogenesis, involve the stage-specific regulation of several molecules and pathways, such as retinoic acid signaling, Sonic hedgehog, and Wnt. Different RNA and DNA viruses contributing to congenital and acquired hearing loss are then discussed in terms of their potential effects on the expression of molecules that control the formation of the auditory and vestibular compartments following otic vesicle differentiation. Among these viruses, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus appear to have the most effect upon initial molecular determinants of inner ear development. Moreover, of the molecules governing the inner ear development at initial stages, SOX2, FGFR3, and CDKN1B are more affected by viruses causing either congenital or acquired hearing loss. Abnormalities in the function or expression of these molecules influence processes like cochlear development and production of inner ear hair and supporting cells. Nevertheless, because most of such virus-host interactions were studied in unrelated tissues, further validations are needed to confirm whether these viruses can mediate the same effects in physiologically relevant models simulating otic vesicle specification and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karimi-Boroujeni
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Ali Zahedi-Amiri
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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24
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Child SJ, Greninger AL, Geballe AP. Rapid adaptation to human protein kinase R by a unique genomic rearrangement in rhesus cytomegalovirus. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009088. [PMID: 33497413 PMCID: PMC7864422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are generally unable to cross species barriers, in part because prolonged coevolution with one host species limits their ability to evade restriction factors in other species. However, the limitation in host range is incomplete. For example, rhesus CMV (RhCMV) can replicate in human cells, albeit much less efficiently than in rhesus cells. Previously we reported that the protein kinase R (PKR) antagonist encoded by RhCMV, rTRS1, has limited activity against human PKR but is nonetheless necessary and sufficient to enable RhCMV replication in human fibroblasts (HF). We now show that knockout of PKR in human cells or treatment with the eIF2B agonist ISRIB, which overcomes the translational inhibition resulting from PKR activation, augments RhCMV replication in HF, indicating that human PKR contributes to the inefficiency of RhCMV replication in HF. Serial passage of RhCMV in HF reproducibly selected for viruses with improved ability to replicate in human cells. The evolved viruses contain an inverted duplication of the terminal 6.8 kb of the genome, including rTRS1. The duplication replaces ~11.8 kb just downstream of an internal sequence element, pac1-like, which is very similar to the pac1 cleavage and packaging signal found near the terminus of the genome. Plaque-purified evolved viruses produced at least twice as much rTRS1 as the parental RhCMV and blocked the PKR pathway more effectively in HF. Southern blots revealed that unlike the parental RhCMV, viruses with the inverted duplication isomerize in a manner similar to HCMV and other herpesviruses that have internal repeat sequences. The apparent ease with which this duplication event occurs raises the possibility that the pac1-like site, which is conserved in Old World monkey CMV genomes, may serve a function in facilitating rapid adaptation to evolutionary obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Child
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alexander L. Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Geballe
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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25
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Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a betaherpesvirus with a global seroprevalence of 60-90%. HCMV is the leading cause of congenital infections and poses a great health risk to immunocompromised individuals. Although HCMV infection is typically asymptomatic in the immunocompetent population, infection can result in mononucleosis and has also been associated with the development of certain cancers, as well as chronic inflammatory diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases. In immunocompromised patients, including AIDS patients, transplant recipients, and developing fetuses, HCMV infection is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Currently there is no vaccine for HCMV and there is a need for new pharmacological treatments. Ongoing research seeks to further define the complex aspects of HCMV pathogenesis, which could potentially lead to the generation of new therapeutics to mitigate the disease states associated with HCMV infection. The following chapter reviews the advancements in our understanding of HCMV pathogenesis in the immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Fulkerson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Maciej T Nogalski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Andrew D Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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26
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Taher H, Mahyari E, Kreklywich C, Uebelhoer LS, McArdle MR, Moström MJ, Bhusari A, Nekorchuk M, E X, Whitmer T, Scheef EA, Sprehe LM, Roberts DL, Hughes CM, Jackson KA, Selseth AN, Ventura AB, Cleveland-Rubeor HC, Yue Y, Schmidt KA, Shao J, Edlefsen PT, Smedley J, Kowalik TF, Stanton RJ, Axthelm MK, Estes JD, Hansen SG, Kaur A, Barry PA, Bimber BN, Picker LJ, Streblow DN, Früh K, Malouli D. In vitro and in vivo characterization of a recombinant rhesus cytomegalovirus containing a complete genome. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008666. [PMID: 33232376 PMCID: PMC7723282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are highly adapted to their host species resulting in strict species specificity. Hence, in vivo examination of all aspects of CMV biology employs animal models using host-specific CMVs. Infection of rhesus macaques (RM) with rhesus CMV (RhCMV) has been established as a representative model for infection of humans with HCMV due to the close evolutionary relationships of both host and virus. However, the only available RhCMV clone that permits genetic modifications is based on the 68-1 strain which has been passaged in fibroblasts for decades resulting in multiple genomic changes due to tissue culture adaptations. As a result, 68-1 displays reduced viremia in RhCMV-naïve animals and limited shedding compared to non-clonal, low passage isolates. To overcome this limitation, we used sequence information from primary RhCMV isolates to construct a full-length (FL) RhCMV by repairing all mutations affecting open reading frames (ORFs) in the 68-1 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Inoculation of adult, immunocompetent, RhCMV-naïve RM with the reconstituted virus resulted in significant viremia in the blood similar to primary isolates of RhCMV and furthermore led to high viral genome copy numbers in many tissues at day 14 post infection. In contrast, viral dissemination was greatly reduced upon deletion of genes also lacking in 68-1. Transcriptome analysis of infected tissues further revealed that chemokine-like genes deleted in 68-1 are among the most highly expressed viral transcripts both in vitro and in vivo consistent with an important immunomodulatory function of the respective proteins. We conclude that FL-RhCMV displays in vitro and in vivo characteristics of a wildtype virus while being amenable to genetic modifications through BAC recombineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Taher
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Eisa Mahyari
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Luke S Uebelhoer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Matthew R McArdle
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Matilda J Moström
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Amruta Bhusari
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Nekorchuk
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Xiaofei E
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Travis Whitmer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Scheef
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lesli M Sprehe
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dawn L Roberts
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Colette M Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kerianne A Jackson
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Andrea N Selseth
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Abigail B Ventura
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hillary C Cleveland-Rubeor
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yujuan Yue
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kimberli A Schmidt
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Shao
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul T Edlefsen
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Timothy F Kowalik
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard J Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Peter A Barry
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin N Bimber
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daniel Malouli
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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Barnes S, Schilizzi O, Audsley KM, Newnes HV, Foley B. Deciphering the Immunological Phenomenon of Adaptive Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228864. [PMID: 33238550 PMCID: PMC7700325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a significant and vital role in the first line of defense against infection through their ability to target cells without prior sensitization. They also contribute significantly to the activation and recruitment of both innate and adaptive immune cells through the production of a range of cytokines and chemokines. In the context of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, NK cells and CMV have co-evolved side by side to employ several mechanisms to evade one another. However, during this co-evolution the discovery of a subset of long-lived NK cells with enhanced effector potential, increased antibody-dependent responses and the potential to mediate immune memory has revolutionized the field of NK cell biology. The ability of a virus to imprint on the NK cell receptor repertoire resulting in the expansion of diverse, highly functional NK cells to this day remains a significant immunological phenomenon that only occurs in the context of CMV. Here we review our current understanding of the development of these NK cells, commonly referred to as adaptive NK cells and their current role in transplantation, infection, vaccination and cancer immunotherapy to decipher the complex role of CMV in dictating NK cell functional fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Barnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ophelia Schilizzi
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Katherine M. Audsley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hannah V. Newnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Braxton AM, Chalmin AL, Najarro KM, Brockhurst JK, Johnson KT, Lyons CE, Daly B, Cryer CG, Vijay S, Cyphers G, Guerrero-Martin SM, Aston SA, McGee K, Su YP, Arav-Boger R, Metcalf Pate KA. Platelet-endothelial associations may promote cytomegalovirus replication in the salivary gland in mice. Platelets 2020; 31:860-868. [PMID: 31726921 PMCID: PMC7220825 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1689383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet decline is a feature of many acute viral infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in humans and mice. Platelet sequestration in association with other cells, including endothelium and circulating leukocytes, can contribute to this decline and influence the immune response to and pathogenesis of viral infection. We sought to determine if platelet-endothelial associations (PEAs) contribute to platelet decline during acute murine CMV (mCMV) infection, and if these associations affect viral load and production. Male BALB/c mice were infected with mCMV (Smith strain), euthanized at timepoints throughout acute infection and compared to uninfected controls. An increase in PEA formation was confirmed in the salivary gland at all post-inoculation timepoints using immunohistochemistry for CD41+ platelets co-localizing with CD34+ vessels. Platelet depletion did not change amount of viral DNA or timecourse of infection, as measured by qPCR. However, platelet depletion reduced viral titer of mCMV in the salivary glands while undepleted controls demonstrated robust replication in the tissue by plaque assay. Thus, platelet associations with endothelium may enhance the ability of mCMV to replicate within the salivary gland. Further work is needed to determine the mechanisms behind this effect and if pharmacologic inhibition of PEAs may reduce CMV production in acutely infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Braxton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alyssa L. Chalmin
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kevin M. Najarro
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jacqueline K. Brockhurst
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Karl T. Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Claire E. Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Brenna Daly
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, USA
| | - Catherine G. Cryer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Shefali Vijay
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Griffin Cyphers
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Selena M. Guerrero-Martin
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - S. Andrew Aston
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Psychiatry of Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kirstin McGee
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yu-Pin Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Kelly A. Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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29
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Chen YJ, Huang HC, Chen TC, Cheng HT. Cytomegalovirus esophagitis with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease in a kidney transplant recipient. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:859-860. [PMID: 32671960 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jhou Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Tsai Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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30
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De Meo S, Dell'Oste V, Molfetta R, Tassinari V, Lotti LV, Vespa S, Pignoloni B, Covino DA, Fantuzzi L, Bona R, Zingoni A, Nardone I, Biolatti M, Coscia A, Paolini R, Benkirane M, Edfors F, Sandalova T, Achour A, Hiscott J, Landolfo S, Santoni A, Cerboni C. SAMHD1 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic relocalization after human cytomegalovirus infection limits its antiviral activity. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008855. [PMID: 32986788 PMCID: PMC7544099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SAMHD1 is a host restriction factor that functions to restrict both retroviruses and DNA viruses, based on its nuclear deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) hydrolase activity that limits availability of intracellular dNTP pools. In the present study, we demonstrate that SAMHD1 expression was increased following human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, with only a modest effect on infectious virus production. SAMHD1 was rapidly phosphorylated at residue T592 after infection by cellular cyclin-dependent kinases, especially Cdk2, and by the viral kinase pUL97, resulting in a significant fraction of phosho-SAMHD1 being relocalized to the cytoplasm of infected fibroblasts, in association with viral particles and dense bodies. Thus, our findings indicate that HCMV-dependent SAMHD1 cytoplasmic delocalization and inactivation may represent a potential novel mechanism of HCMV evasion from host antiviral restriction activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone De Meo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell'Oste
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tassinari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Vespa
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) and Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pignoloni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fantuzzi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bona
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Nardone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monsef Benkirane
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fredrik Edfors
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Hiscott
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cerboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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31
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Hu L, Wen Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Jin L, Shi H, Chen J, Chen J. The cytomegalovirus UL146 gene product vCXCL1 promotes the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8 + T cells through up-regulation of PD-L1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:393-399. [PMID: 32883520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The HCMV (human cytomegalovirus) encodes numerous proteins which function to evade the immune response, which allows the virus to replicate. Exploring the mechanisms of HCMV immune escape helps to find the strategy to inhibit HCMV replicate. CD8+ T cells play a critical role in the immune response to viral pathogens. However, the mechanisms of HCMV to evade the attack by CD8+ T cells remain largely unknown. Viral CXCL1 (vCXCL1) is the production of HCMV UL146 gene. Here, we found that vCXCL1 promoted the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8+ T cells. vCXCL1 increased the levels of PD-L1 protein expression and mRNA expression. VCXCL1 enhanced the binding of STAT3 transcription factor to the promoter of PD-L1 and increased the activity of PD-L1 promoter. Furthermore, down-regulation of PD-L1 reduced the effects of vCXCL1 on the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8+ T cells. Taken together, vCXCL1 promotes the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8+ T cells through up-regulation of PD-L1. This finding might provide a new mechanism of HCMV immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwang Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Longteng Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifan Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junya Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Choi KY, El-Hamdi NS, McGregor A. Convalescent Immunity to Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus Induces Limited Cross Strain Protection against Re-Infection but High-Level Protection against Congenital Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175997. [PMID: 32825429 PMCID: PMC7504201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The guinea pig is the only small animal model for congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) but requires guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV). Current GPCMV research utilizes prototype strain 22122, which limits the translational impact of GPCMV as numerous human CMV strains exist and cCMV is possible in the setting of re-infection. A novel strain of GPCMV (TAMYC) exhibited differences to 22122 in various glycoproteins with GP74 (gO homolog) the most variable (25% difference). Antibody ELISAs for TAMYC-convalescent animals evoked similar immune response to viral glycoprotein complexes (gB, gH/gL, gM/gN, pentamer) and cell-mediated response to pp65 homolog (GP83). Convalescent sera from TAMYC-infected animals neutralized GPCMV infection on fibroblasts but was less effective on epithelial cells. TAMYC-convalescent animals were not protected from dissemination of heterogenous virus challenge (22122). However, in a cCMV protection study, TAMYC-convalescent animals challenged mid-pregnancy (22122) exhibited high-level protection against cCMV compared to seronegative animals with pup transmission reduced from 80% (control) to 12%. Overall, pre-existing immunity in guinea pigs provides limited ability to prevent GPCMV re-infection by a different viral strain but provides a high level of protection against cCMV in heterogenous strain challenge. This level of cross protection against cCMV should be a prerequisite of any CMV vaccine.
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33
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Li D, Li B, Yang L, Wang J. Human cytomegalovirus infection is correlated with atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in carotid artery. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3236. [PMID: 32468600 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is closely related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to investigate the association between human CMV infection and carotid atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in a Chinese population. METHODS In total, 42 patients with carotid atherosclerosis (observation group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited in our study from October 2016 to January 2018. Statistical analysis was carried out to calculate the infection rate of CMV in subjects. Spearman's rank analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between CMV infection and atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. RESULTS The positive rate of CMV was significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression levels were also elevated in the observation group compared to those in the control group. In carotid atherosclerotic patients, the detection rate of unstable plaques and the Crouse scores in vulnerable plaque were significantly higher in the CMV-positive group compared to those in the CMV-negative group. As revealed by correlation analysis, CMV infection was significantly positively correlated with plaque vulnerability and expression levels of MMP-9, TNF-α and LOX-1 in carotid atherosclerotic patients. CONCLUSIONS Human CMV infection might be a potential risk factor for increased plaque vulnerability in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Centre, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Medical Research Centre, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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34
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Morioka I, Kakei Y, Omori T, Nozu K, Fujioka K, Yoshikawa T, Moriuchi H, Ito Y, Oka A. Efficacy and safety of valganciclovir in patients with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease: Study Protocol Clinical Trial (SPIRIT Compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19765. [PMID: 32332615 PMCID: PMC7220768 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, a common mother-to-child infection, can lead to neurological sequelae. Some clinical trials have shown that oral valganciclovir (VGCV) can improve hearing and neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with congenital CMV disease. However, VGCV has neither been approved in Japan nor other countries as a treatment for this disease by the government health insurance. METHODS This study is a non-randomized, prospective, open-label, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial and will include subjects meeting the following criteria: confirmation of positive CMV-DNA amplification in urine by an in vitro diagnostic test within 21 days of age; congenital CMV disease with one or more central nervous system disorders-microcephaly, hydrocephalus or ventricular enlargement, periventricular calcification, cortical hypoplasia or white matter injury, retinal choroiditis, and abnormal auditory brainstem response (ABR); and infants within 2 months of age with a gestational age ≥32 weeks at birth and weighing ≥1800 g at the time of registration. Subjects will be orally administered 16 mg/kg VGCV twice daily for 6 months. The target number of cases for enrollment between February 3, 2020 and July 31, 2021 is 25. Primary endpoint is the change in whole blood CMV loads before and after 6 months of treatment. The important secondary endpoint is the change in ABR (both best and total ear hearing assessments) before and after 6 months of treatment. The safety endpoints are adverse events and drug side effects. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this multicenter, open-label, single-arm study will be the first well-designed clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of oral VGCV in infants with congenital CMV diseases. The findings will reveal the efficacy and safety of oral VGCV treatments and enable the approval of oral VGCV as a treatment for infants with congenital CMV disease by the government health insurance of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | | | - Takashi Omori
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Social/Community Medicine and Health Science
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe
| | - Kazumichi Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake
| | - Hiroyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagasaki
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Elste J, Kaltenbach D, Patel VR, Nguyen MT, Sharthiya H, Tandon R, Mehta SK, Volin MV, Fornaro M, Tiwari V, Desai UR. Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus Entry into Host Cells Through a Pleiotropic Small Molecule. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051676. [PMID: 32121406 PMCID: PMC7084493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are wide-spread among the general population with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe developmental disabilities in newborns and life-threatening illnesses in individuals with a compromised immune system. Nearly all current drugs suffer from one or more limitations, which emphasizes the critical need to develop new approaches and new molecules. We reasoned that a ‘poly-pharmacy’ approach relying on simultaneous binding to multiple receptors involved in HCMV entry into host cells could pave the way to a more effective therapeutic outcome. This work presents the study of a synthetic, small molecule displaying pleiotropicity of interactions as a competitive antagonist of viral or cell surface receptors including heparan sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate-binding proteins, which play important roles in HCMV entry and spread. Sulfated pentagalloylglucoside (SPGG), a functional mimetic of heparan sulfate, inhibits HCMV entry into human foreskin fibroblasts and neuroepithelioma cells with high potency. At the same time, SPGG exhibits no toxicity at levels as high as 50-fold more than its inhibition potency. Interestingly, cell-ELISA assays showed downregulation in HCMV immediate-early gene 1 and 2 (IE 1&2) expression in presence of SPGG further supporting inhibition of viral entry. Finally, HCMV foci were observed to decrease significantly in the presence of SPGG suggesting impact on viral spread too. Overall, this work offers the first evidence that pleiotropicity, such as demonstrated by SPGG, may offer a new poly-therapeutic approach toward effective inhibition of HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Elste
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Dominik Kaltenbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Vraj R. Patel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Max T. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Harsh Sharthiya
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (H.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | | | - Michael V. Volin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (H.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (U.R.D.)
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (U.R.D.)
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36
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Bearden A, Van Winden K, Frederick T, Kono N, Operskalski E, Pandian R, Barton L, Stek A, Kovacs A. Low maternal vitamin D is associated with increased risk of congenital and peri/postnatal transmission of Cytomegalovirus in women with HIV. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228900. [PMID: 32053638 PMCID: PMC7018030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CMV infection of the fetus or neonate can lead to devastating disease, and there are no effective prevention strategies to date. Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator, supports antiviral immune responses, and plays an important role in placental immunity. Methods Retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of low maternal vitamin D on congenital and early postnatal transmission of CMV among HIV-infected, non-breastfeeding women and their HIV exposed but negative infants from an urban HIV clinic. Vitamin D panel was performed on stored maternal plasma obtained near time of delivery. Infant CMV testing at 0–6 months included urine and oral cultures, and/or serum polymerase chain reaction testing. Results Cohort included 340 mother-infant pairs (births 1991–2014). Among 38 infants (11%) with a CMV+ test between 0–6 months, 4.7% (14/300) had congenital CMV transmission (CMV+ test 0–3 weeks), and 7.6% (24/315) had peri/postnatal CMV (CMV+ test >3 weeks-6 months). Women with lower calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), the active form of vitamin D, were more likely to have an infant with congenital (OR 12.2 [95% CI 1.61–92.2] P = 0.02) and peri/postnatal (OR 9.84 [95% CI 2.63–36.8] P = 0.0007) infections in multivariate analyses, independent of maternal HIV viral load and CD4 count. Conclusion This study demonstrates an association between inadequate maternal calcitriol during pregnancy and increased congenital and early postnatal acquisition of CMV among non-breastfeeding women with HIV and their HIV negative infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Bearden
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Maternal, Child, Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristi Van Winden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, and Maternal, Child, Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Toni Frederick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Maternal, Child, Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Naoko Kono
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Eva Operskalski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Maternal, Child, Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Raj Pandian
- Pan Laboratories, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Lorayne Barton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Alice Stek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, and Maternal, Child, Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrea Kovacs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Maternal, Child, Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Shnayder M, Nachshon A, Rozman B, Bernshtein B, Lavi M, Fein N, Poole E, Avdic S, Blyth E, Gottlieb D, Abendroth A, Slobedman B, Sinclair J, Stern-Ginossar N, Schwartz M. Single cell analysis reveals human cytomegalovirus drives latently infected cells towards an anergic-like monocyte state. eLife 2020; 9:e52168. [PMID: 31967545 PMCID: PMC7039680 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes a lifelong infection through establishment of latency. Although reactivation from latency can cause life-threatening disease, our molecular understanding of HCMV latency is incomplete. Here we use single cell RNA-seq analysis to characterize latency in monocytes and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In monocytes, we identify host cell surface markers that enable enrichment of latent cells harboring higher viral transcript levels, which can reactivate more efficiently, and are characterized by reduced intrinsic immune response that is important for viral gene expression. Significantly, in latent HSPCs, viral transcripts could be detected only in monocyte progenitors and were also associated with reduced immune-response. Overall, our work indicates that regardless of the developmental stage in which HCMV infects, HCMV drives hematopoietic cells towards a weaker immune-responsive monocyte state and that this anergic-like state is crucial for the virus ability to express its transcripts and to eventually reactivate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Shnayder
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Batsheva Rozman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Biana Bernshtein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Michael Lavi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Noam Fein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Emma Poole
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Selmir Avdic
- Sydney Cellular Therapies Laboratory, WestmeadSydneyAustralia
| | - Emily Blyth
- Sydney Cellular Therapies Laboratory, WestmeadSydneyAustralia
- Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - David Gottlieb
- Sydney Cellular Therapies Laboratory, WestmeadSydneyAustralia
- Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - John Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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38
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Rovnak J, St. Clair LA, Lian E, McAlister C, Perera R, Cohrs RJ. The 19th Rocky Mountain Virology Association Meeting. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010085. [PMID: 31940824 PMCID: PMC7019928 DOI: 10.3390/v12010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This autumn, 95 scientists and students from the Rocky Mountain area, along with invited speakers from Colorado, California, Montana, Florida, Louisiana, New York, Maryland, and India, attended the 19th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Virology Association that was held at the Colorado State University Mountain Campus located in the Rocky Mountains. The two-day gathering featured 30 talks and 13 posters—all of which focused on specific areas of current virology and prion protein research. The keynote presentation reviewed new tools for microbial discovery and diagnostics. This timely discussion described the opportunities new investigators have to expand the field of microbiology into chronic and acute diseases, the pitfalls of sensitive molecular methods for pathogen discovery, and ways in which microbiology help us understand disruptions in the social fabric that pose pandemic threats at least as real as Ebola or influenza. Other areas of interest included host factors that influence virus replication, in-depth analysis of virus transcription and its effect on host gene expression, and multiple discussions of virus pathology, epidemiology as well as new avenues of diagnosis and treatment. The meeting was held at the peak of fall Aspen colors, surrounded by five mountains >11,000 ft (3.3 km), where the secluded campus provided the ideal setting for extended discussions, outdoor exercise and stargazing. On behalf of the Rocky Mountain Virology Association, this report summarizes 43 selected presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Rovnak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Laura A. St. Clair
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.A.S.C.); (E.L.); (C.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Elena Lian
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.A.S.C.); (E.L.); (C.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Carley McAlister
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.A.S.C.); (E.L.); (C.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Rushika Perera
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.A.S.C.); (E.L.); (C.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Randall J. Cohrs
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology/Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
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Nobre LV, Nightingale K, Ravenhill BJ, Antrobus R, Soday L, Nichols J, Davies JA, Seirafian S, Wang ECY, Davison AJ, Wilkinson GWG, Stanton RJ, Huttlin EL, Weekes MP. Human cytomegalovirus interactome analysis identifies degradation hubs, domain associations and viral protein functions. eLife 2019; 8:e49894. [PMID: 31873071 PMCID: PMC6959991 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) extensively modulates host cells, downregulating >900 human proteins during viral replication and degrading ≥133 proteins shortly after infection. The mechanism of degradation of most host proteins remains unresolved, and the functions of many viral proteins are incompletely characterised. We performed a mass spectrometry-based interactome analysis of 169 tagged, stably-expressed canonical strain Merlin HCMV proteins, and two non-canonical HCMV proteins, in infected cells. This identified a network of >3400 virus-host and >150 virus-virus protein interactions, providing insights into functions for multiple viral genes. Domain analysis predicted binding of the viral UL25 protein to SH3 domains of NCK Adaptor Protein-1. Viral interacting proteins were identified for 31/133 degraded host targets. Finally, the uncharacterised, non-canonical ORFL147C protein was found to interact with elements of the mRNA splicing machinery, and a mutational study suggested its importance in viral replication. The interactome data will be important for future studies of herpesvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V Nobre
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Katie Nightingale
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Ravenhill
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Lior Soday
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jenna Nichols
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - James A Davies
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Sepehr Seirafian
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Eddie CY Wang
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Gavin WG Wilkinson
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard J Stanton
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward L Huttlin
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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40
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Xuan L, Ren L, Han F, Gong L, Wan Z, Yang S, Liu H, Lv Y, Liu L. Cytomegalovirus Infection Exacerbates Experimental Colitis by Promoting IL-23 Production. Inflammation 2019; 43:326-335. [PMID: 31701354 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated an association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, CMV infection is more common in patients with severe or steroid-refractory IBD. However, it is not clarified whether CMV worsens IBD or if it is merely a surrogate marker for IBD. Here, we used the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model to investigate if CMV infection exacerbates colitis. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10 MOI of murine CMV (MCMV) and thereafter, chronic colitis was induced by one cycle of DSS exposure. Anti-IL-23R mAb at 20 μg/mice and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an effective NF-κB inhibitor, at 50 mg/kg were administrated to the mice. The MCMV-infected mice had a shorter colon length and a higher histopathology score than the mock inoculum-treated mice, while anti-IL-23R mAb administration ameliorated the pathological changes. Expression of IL-23, phospho-NF-κB p65, and phospho-IκBα was upregulated in colon tissues of the MCMV-infected mice compared to mock inoculum-treated mice, while treatment with PDTC attenuated colonic IL-23 production. These data demonstrated that CMV infection could accelerate IBD development. This effect may be due to its activation on NF-κB signaling pathway and subsequently IL-23 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lulu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Feifei Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lili Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zirui Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yali Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Beijing, 100020, China.
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41
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Matteoni S, Abbruzzese C, Villani V, Malorni W, Pace A, Matarrese P, Paggi MG. The influence of patient sex on clinical approaches to malignant glioma. Cancer Lett 2019; 468:41-47. [PMID: 31605777 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are tumors that originate from the glial tissue, thus involving the central nervous system with varying degrees of malignancy. The most aggressive and frequent form is glioblastoma multiforme, a disease characterized by resistance to therapies, frequent recurrences, and extremely poor median survival time. Data on overall glioma case studies demonstrate clear sex disparities regarding incidence, prognosis, drug toxicity, clinical outcome, and, recently, prediction of therapeutic response. In this study, we analyze data in the literature regarding malignant glioma, mainly glioblastoma multiforme, focusing on epidemiological and clinical evaluations. Less discussed issues, such as the role of viral infections, energy metabolism, and predictive aspects concerning the possible use of dedicated therapeutic approaches for male or female patients, will be reported together with different estimated pathogenetic mechanisms underlying astrocyte transformation and glioma chemosensitivity. In this era, where personalized/precision medicine is the most important driver for targeted cancer therapies, the lines of evidence discussed herein strongly suggest that clinical approaches to malignant glioma should consider the patient's sex. Furthermore, retrospectively revising previous clinical studies considering patient sex as a crucial variable is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Matteoni
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Villani
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy; University of Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco G Paggi
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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42
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Chan S, Isbel NM, Hawley CM, Campbell SB, Campbell KL, Morrison M, Francis RS, Playford EG, Johnson DW. Infectious Complications Following Kidney Transplantation-A Focus on Hepatitis C Infection, Cytomegalovirus Infection and Novel Developments in the Gut Microbiota. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100672. [PMID: 31590269 PMCID: PMC6843315 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of infectious complications, compared with the general population and the pre-transplant status of the recipient, increases substantially following kidney transplantation, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The potent immunosuppressive therapy given to prevent graft rejection in kidney transplant recipients results in an increased susceptibility to a wide range of opportunistic infections including bacterial, viral and fungal infections. Over the last five years, several advances have occurred that may have changed the burden of infectious complications in kidney transplant recipients. Due to the availability of direct-acting antivirals to manage donor-derived hepatitis C infection, this has opened the way for donors with hepatitis C infection to be considered in the donation process. In addition, there have been the development of medications targeting the growing burden of resistant cytomegalovirus, as well as the discovery of the potentially important role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of post-transplant infection. In this narrative review, we will discuss these three advances and their potential implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chan
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (N.M.I.); (C.M.H.); (S.B.C.); (R.S.F.); (D.W.J.)
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.L.C.); (E.G.P.)
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3176-5080
| | - Nicole M Isbel
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (N.M.I.); (C.M.H.); (S.B.C.); (R.S.F.); (D.W.J.)
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.L.C.); (E.G.P.)
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Carmel M Hawley
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (N.M.I.); (C.M.H.); (S.B.C.); (R.S.F.); (D.W.J.)
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.L.C.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Scott B Campbell
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (N.M.I.); (C.M.H.); (S.B.C.); (R.S.F.); (D.W.J.)
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.L.C.); (E.G.P.)
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Katrina L Campbell
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.L.C.); (E.G.P.)
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Ross S Francis
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (N.M.I.); (C.M.H.); (S.B.C.); (R.S.F.); (D.W.J.)
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.L.C.); (E.G.P.)
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - E Geoffrey Playford
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.L.C.); (E.G.P.)
- Infection Management Services, Department of Microbiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David W Johnson
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (N.M.I.); (C.M.H.); (S.B.C.); (R.S.F.); (D.W.J.)
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.L.C.); (E.G.P.)
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Crawford LB, Caposio P, Kreklywich C, Pham AH, Hancock MH, Jones TA, Smith PP, Yurochko AD, Nelson JA, Streblow DN. Human Cytomegalovirus US28 Ligand Binding Activity Is Required for Latency in CD34 + Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Humanized NSG Mice. mBio 2019; 10:e01889-19. [PMID: 31431555 PMCID: PMC6703429 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01889-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+ HPCs) provides a critical reservoir of virus in stem cell transplant patients, and viral reactivation remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The HCMV chemokine receptor US28 is implicated in the regulation of viral latency and reactivation. To explore the role of US28 signaling in latency and reactivation, we analyzed protein tyrosine kinase signaling in CD34+ HPCs expressing US28. US28-ligand signaling in CD34+ HPCs induced changes in key regulators of cellular activation and differentiation. In vitro latency and reactivation assays utilizing CD34+ HPCs indicated that US28 was required for viral reactivation but not latency establishment or maintenance. Similarly, humanized NSG mice (huNSG) infected with TB40E-GFP-US28stop failed to reactivate upon treatment with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, but viral genome levels were maintained. Interestingly, HCMV-mediated changes in hematopoiesis during latency in vivo and in vitro was also dependent upon US28, as US28 directly promoted differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. To determine whether US28 constitutive activity and/or ligand-binding activity were required for latency and reactivation, we infected both huNSG mice and CD34+ HPCs in vitro with HCMV TB40E-GFP containing the US28-R129A mutation (no CA) or Y16F mutation (no ligand binding). TB40E-GFP-US28-R129A was maintained during latency and exhibited normal reactivation kinetics. In contrast, TB40E-GFP-US28-Y16F exhibited high levels of viral genome during latency and reactivation, indicating that the virus did not establish latency. These data indicate that US28 is necessary for viral reactivation and ligand binding activity is required for viral latency, highlighting the complex role of US28 during HCMV latency and reactivation.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can establish latency following infection of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), and reactivation from latency is a significant cause of viral disease and accelerated graft failure in bone marrow and solid-organ transplant patients. The precise molecular mechanisms of HCMV infection in HPCs are not well defined; however, select viral gene products are known to regulate aspects of latency and reactivation. The HCMV-encoded chemokine receptor US28, which binds multiple CC chemokines as well as CX3CR1, is expressed both during latent and lytic phases of the virus life cycle and plays a role in latency and reactivation. However, the specific timing of US28 expression and the role of ligand binding in these processes are not well defined. In this report, we determined that US28 is required for reactivation but not for maintaining latency. However, when present during latency, US28 ligand binding activity is critical to maintaining the virus in a quiescent state. We attribute the regulation of both latency and reactivation to the role of US28 in promoting myeloid lineage cell differentiation. These data highlight the dynamic and multifunctional nature of US28 during HCMV latency and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Crawford
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Patrizia Caposio
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Craig Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew H Pham
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Meaghan H Hancock
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Taylor A Jones
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Patricia P Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew D Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jay A Nelson
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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Ye X, Gui X, Freed DC, Ku Z, Li L, Chen Y, Xiong W, Fan X, Su H, He X, Rustandi RR, Loughney JW, Ma N, Espeseth AS, Liu J, Zhu H, Wang D, Zhang N, Fu TM, An Z. Identification of adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein as a novel modulator of human cytomegalovirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007914. [PMID: 31356650 PMCID: PMC6687193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that can cause disability in newborns and serious clinical diseases in immunocompromised patients. HCMV has a large genome with enormous coding potential; its viral particles are equipped with complicated glycoprotein complexes and can infect a wide range of human cells. Although multiple host cellular receptors interacting with viral glycoproteins have been reported, the mechanism of HCMV infection remains a mystery. Here we report identification of adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein (APMAP) as a novel modulator active in the early stage of HCMV infection. APMAP is necessary for HCMV infection in both epithelial cells and fibroblasts; knockdown of APMAP expression significantly reduced HCMV infection of these cells. Interestingly, ectopic expression of human APMAP in cells refractory to HCMV infection, such as canine MDCK and murine NIH/3T3 cells, promoted HCMV infection. Furthermore, reduction in viral immediate early (IE) gene transcription at 6 h post infection and delayed nucleus translocation of tegument delivered pp65 at 4 h post infection were detected in APMAP-deficient cells but not in the wildtype cells. These results suggest that APMAP plays a role in the early stage of HCMV infection. Results from biochemical studies of APMAP and HCMV proteins suggest that APMAP could participate in HCMV infection through interaction with gH/gL containing glycoprotein complexes at low pH and mediate nucleus translocation of tegument pp65. Taken together, our results suggest that APMAP functions as a modulator promoting HCMV infection in multiple cell types and is an important player in the complex HCMV infection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ye
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Freed
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Leike Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hang Su
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi He
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | | | - John W. Loughney
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ningning Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Amy S. Espeseth
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jian Liu
- Rutgers Medical School of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hua Zhu
- Rutgers Medical School of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Dai Wang
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NZ); (TMF); (ZN)
| | - Tong-Ming Fu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NZ); (TMF); (ZN)
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NZ); (TMF); (ZN)
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Manandhar T, Hò GGT, Pump WC, Blasczyk R, Bade-Doeding C. Battle between Host Immune Cellular Responses and HCMV Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153626. [PMID: 31344940 PMCID: PMC6695940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is ubiquitously prevalent. HCMV infection is typically asymptomatic and controlled by the immune system in healthy individuals, yet HCMV can be severely pathogenic for the fetus during pregnancy and in immunocompromised persons, such as transplant recipients or HIV infected patients. HCMV has co-evolved with the hosts, developed strategies to hide from immune effector cells and to successfully survive in the human organism. One strategy for evading or delaying the immune response is maintenance of the viral genome to establish the phase of latency. Furthermore, HCMV immune evasion involves the downregulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-Ia molecules to hide infected cells from T-cell recognition. HCMV expresses several proteins that are described for downregulation of the HLA class I pathway via various mechanisms. Here, we review the wide range of immune evasion mechanisms of HCMV. Understanding the mechanisms of HCMV immune evasion will contribute to the development of new customized therapeutic strategies against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Manandhar
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gia-Gia T Hò
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke C Pump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Morishita M, Sada KE, Matsumoto Y, Hayashi K, Asano Y, Hiramatsu Asano S, Ohashi K, Miyawaki Y, Katsuyama E, Watanabe H, Kawabata T, Wada J. Risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218705. [PMID: 31291263 PMCID: PMC6619987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection under immunosuppression sometimes causes death. This study aimed to elucidate risk factors for CMV infection in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods Patients with AAV who underwent remission induction treatment at Okayama University Hospital between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was the development of CMV infection within 3 months. Results Of the 111 patients, 13 (11.7%) patients developed CMV infection. Patients with CMV infection were older (p = 0.030) and had a higher body mass index (p = 0.029) in comparison to those without CMV infection. A higher proportion had a severe form (p = 0.001) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (p = 0.001), as well as a higher Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (p = 0.018) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.018) levels at baseline. Using logistic regression analysis, severe form and GPA were independent risk factors (odds ratio [OR] = 9.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.92–60.23, and OR = 7.46, 95% CI = 1.46–47.60, respectively). In addition, patients with CMV infection were more likely than those without infection to be glucocorticoid-related diabetes mellitus (p = 0.025). Conclusion Our study highlights disease severity and subgroups of AAV as risk factors for CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Morishita
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ei Sada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshinori Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keigo Hayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Asano
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sumie Hiramatsu Asano
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiji Ohashi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshia Miyawaki
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eri Katsuyama
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haruki Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawabata
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Ramesh A, Nakielny S, Hsu J, Kyohere M, Byaruhanga O, de Bourcy C, Egger R, Dimitrov B, Juan YF, Sheu J, Wang J, Kalantar K, Langelier C, Ruel T, Mpimbaza A, Wilson MR, Rosenthal PJ, DeRisi JL. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of samples from pediatric febrile illness in Tororo, Uganda. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218318. [PMID: 31220115 PMCID: PMC6586300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile illness is a major burden in African children, and non-malarial causes of fever are uncertain. In this retrospective exploratory study, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to evaluate serum, nasopharyngeal, and stool specimens from 94 children (aged 2–54 months) with febrile illness admitted to Tororo District Hospital, Uganda. The most common microbes identified were Plasmodium falciparum (51.1% of samples) and parvovirus B19 (4.4%) from serum; human rhinoviruses A and C (40%), respiratory syncytial virus (10%), and human herpesvirus 5 (10%) from nasopharyngeal swabs; and rotavirus A (50% of those with diarrhea) from stool. We also report the near complete genome of a highly divergent orthobunyavirus, tentatively named Nyangole virus, identified from the serum of a child diagnosed with malaria and pneumonia, a Bwamba orthobunyavirus in the nasopharynx of a child with rash and sepsis, and the genomes of two novel human rhinovirus C species. In this retrospective exploratory study, mNGS identified multiple potential pathogens, including 3 new viral species, associated with fever in Ugandan children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Ramesh
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AR); (JLD)
| | - Sara Nakielny
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Hsu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Kyohere
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Charles de Bourcy
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Egger
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Boris Dimitrov
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yun-Fang Juan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Sheu
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James Wang
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katrina Kalantar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Langelier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Theodore Ruel
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Arthur Mpimbaza
- Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AR); (JLD)
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Choi JA, Kim JE, Ju HH, Lee J, Jee D, Park CK, Paik SY. The effects of losartan on cytomegalovirus infection in human trabecular meshwork cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218471. [PMID: 31216320 PMCID: PMC6584002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been emerged as one of the causes of acute recurrent or chronic hypertensive anterior uveitis in immunocompetent. In hypertensive anterior uveitis, human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells are considered a focus of inflammation. We investigated the effects of losartan, a selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on CMV infection in human TM cells. Methods Human TM cells were infected with CMV AD169. Virus infected and mock-infected cells were treated with losartan or dexamethasone or ganciclovir with or without transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Viral DNA accumulation and host cell response were analyzed using real-time PCR. Levels of secreted TGF-β1 were measured by determining its concentration in conditioned medium using a commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results CMV infection significantly increased the concentrations of the secreted TGF-β1 at 3, 5, and 7 day post infection in TM cells. Treatment with dexamethasone or losartan significantly decreased the levels of TGF-β1, whereas treatment with ganciclovir did not affect TGF-β1 levels. TM cells treated with TGF-β1 along with the presence of losartan for 48 hours showed marked decrease in the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), lysyl oxidase (LOX), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin and collagen-1A, compared with cells treated with TGF-β1 alone. CMV-infected TM cells stimulated by TGF-β1 significantly increased the expression of α-SMA and CTGF, which were attenuated by additional treatment with losartan. Conclusion Losartan inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 and fibrogenic molecules in human TM cells. Thus, losartan has the potential to decrease TM fibrosis in patients with CMV-induced hypertensive anterior uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A. Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Eun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-hee Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Jee
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kee Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CKP); (SYP)
| | - Soon-young Paik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CKP); (SYP)
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Martí-Carreras J, Maes P. Human cytomegalovirus genomics and transcriptomics through the lens of next-generation sequencing: revision and future challenges. Virus Genes 2019; 55:138-164. [PMID: 30604286 PMCID: PMC6458973 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome was sequenced by hierarchical shotgun almost 30 years ago. Over these years, low and high passaged strains have been sequenced, improving, albeit still far from complete, the understanding of the coding potential, expression dynamics and diversity of wild-type HCMV strains. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have enabled a huge advancement, facilitating the comparison of differentially passaged strains, challenging diagnostics and research based on a single or reduced gene set genotyping. In addition, it allowed to link genetic features to different viral phenotypes as for example, correlating large genomic re-arrangements to viral attenuation or different mutations to antiviral resistance and cell tropism. NGS platforms provided the first high-resolution experiments to HCMV dynamics, allowing the study of intra-host viral population structures and the description of rare transcriptional events. Long-read sequencing has recently become available, helping to identify new genomic re-arrangements, partially accounting for the genetic variability displayed in clinical isolates, as well as, in changing the understanding of the HCMV transcriptome. Better knowledge of the transcriptome resulted in a vast number of new splicing events and alternative transcripts, although most of them still need additional validation. This review summarizes the sequencing efforts reached so far, discussing its approaches and providing a revision and new nuances on HCMV sequence variability in the sequencing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martí-Carreras
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1040, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1040, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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50
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Warren-Gash C, Forbes HJ, Williamson E, Breuer J, Hayward AC, Mavrodaris A, Ridha BH, Rossor MN, Thomas SL, Smeeth L. Human herpesvirus infections and dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4743. [PMID: 30894595 PMCID: PMC6426940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest is growing in the role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of dementia, but current evidence is limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of any of eight human herpesviruses on development of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, Global Health, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, clinical trials registers and grey literature sources from inception to December 2017 for observational studies with cohort, case control or self-controlled designs, or randomised controlled trials of interventions against herpesviruses. Pooled effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated through random effects meta-analyses across studies with the same design, outcome, and virus type, method and site of measurement. We included 57 studies across various geographic settings. Past infection with herpesviruses, measured by IgG seropositivity, was generally not associated with dementia risk. A single cohort study rated moderate quality showed an association between varicella zoster virus reactivation (ophthalmic zoster) and incident dementia (HR 2.97; 95%CI, 1.89 to 4.66). Recent infection with, or reactivation of, herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 1/2 unspecified, cytomegalovirus and human herpes virus-6 measured by serum IgM, high titre IgG or clinical disease may be associated with dementia or MCI, though results were inconsistent across studies and overall evidence rated very low quality. Longitudinal population studies with robust repeated virus measurements taken sufficiently proximal to dementia onset are needed to establish whether, when and among whom herpesviruses affect dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Warren-Gash
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Harriet J Forbes
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Williamson
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Breuer
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Angelique Mavrodaris
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, United Kingdom
| | - Basil H Ridha
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Maple House, Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7DN, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Martin N Rossor
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Maple House, Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7DN, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sara L Thomas
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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