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Albanese M, Chen HR, Gapp M, Muenchhoff M, Yang HH, Peterhoff D, Hoffmann K, Xiao Q, Ruhle A, Ambiel I, Schneider S, Mejías-Pérez E, Stern M, Wratil PR, Hofmann K, Amann L, Jocham L, Fuchs T, Ulivi AF, Besson-Girard S, Weidlich S, Schneider J, Spinner CD, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Humpe A, Baumeister P, Wieser A, Rothenfusser S, Bogner J, Roider J, Knolle P, Hengel H, Wagner R, Laketa V, Fackler OT, Keppler OT. Receptor transfer between immune cells by autoantibody-enhanced, CD32-driven trogocytosis is hijacked by HIV-1 to infect resting CD4 T cells. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101483. [PMID: 38579727 PMCID: PMC11031382 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Immune cell phenotyping frequently detects lineage-unrelated receptors. Here, we report that surface receptors can be transferred from primary macrophages to CD4 T cells and identify the Fcγ receptor CD32 as driver and cargo of this trogocytotic transfer. Filamentous CD32+ nanoprotrusions deposit distinct plasma membrane patches onto target T cells. Transferred receptors confer cell migration and adhesion properties, and macrophage-derived membrane patches render resting CD4 T cells susceptible to infection by serving as hotspots for HIV-1 binding. Antibodies that recognize T cell epitopes enhance CD32-mediated trogocytosis. Such autoreactive anti-HIV-1 envelope antibodies can be found in the blood of HIV-1 patients and, consistently, the percentage of CD32+ CD4 T cells is increased in their blood. This CD32-mediated, antigen-independent cell communication mode transiently expands the receptor repertoire and functionality of immune cells. HIV-1 hijacks this mechanism by triggering the generation of trogocytosis-promoting autoantibodies to gain access to immune cells critical to its persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albanese
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; Department for Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hong-Ru Chen
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Madeleine Gapp
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hsiu-Hui Yang
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qianhao Xiao
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Ruhle
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Ambiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernesto Mejías-Pérez
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Stern
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Amann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Jocham
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thimo Fuchs
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Weidlich
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology and Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology and Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics, and Hemostaseology, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU München and Unit Clinical Pharmacology (EKliP), Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bogner
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Roider
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Otero CE, Petkova S, Ebermann M, Taher H, John N, Hoffmann K, Davalos A, Moström MJ, Gilbride RM, Papen CR, Barber-Axthelm A, Scheef EA, Barfield R, Sprehe LM, Kendall S, Manuel TD, Vande Burgt NH, Chan C, Denton M, Streblow ZJ, Streblow DN, Hansen SG, Kaur A, Permar S, Früh K, Hengel H, Malouli D, Kolb P. Rhesus Cytomegalovirus-encoded Fcγ-binding glycoproteins facilitate viral evasion from IgG-mediated humoral immunity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.27.582371. [PMID: 38464092 PMCID: PMC10925275 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes four viral Fc-gamma receptors (vFcγRs) that counteract antibody-mediated activation in vitro , but their role in infection and pathogenesis is unknown. To examine the in vivo function of vFcγRs in animal hosts closely related to humans, we identified and characterized vFcγRs encoded by rhesus CMV (RhCMV). We demonstrate that Rh05, Rh152/151 and Rh173 represent the complete set of RhCMV vFcγRs, each displaying functional similarities to their respective HCMV orthologs with respect to antagonizing host FcγR activation in vitro . When RhCMV-naïve rhesus macaques were infected with vFcγR-deleted RhCMV, peak plasma viremia levels and anti-RhCMV antibody responses were comparable to wildtype infections. However, the duration of plasma viremia was significantly shortened in immunocompetent, but not in CD4+ T cell-depleted animals. Since vFcγRs were not required for superinfection, we conclude that vFcγRs delay control by virus-specific adaptive immune responses, particularly antibodies, during primary infection.
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Zimmermann C, Watson GM, Bauersfeld L, Berry R, Ciblis B, Lan H, Gerke C, Oberhardt V, Fuchs J, Hofmann M, Freund C, Rossjohn J, Momburg F, Hengel H, Halenius A. Diverse cytomegalovirus US11 antagonism and MHC-A evasion strategies reveal a tit-for-tat coevolutionary arms race in hominids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315985121. [PMID: 38377192 PMCID: PMC10907249 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315985121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent, ancient arms races between viruses and hosts have shaped both host immunological defense strategies as well as viral countermeasures. One such battle is waged by the glycoprotein US11 encoded by the persisting human cytomegalovirus. US11 mediates degradation of major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules to prevent CD8+ T-cell activation. Here, we studied the consequences of the arms race between US11 and primate MHC-A proteins, leading us to uncover a tit-for-tat coevolution and its impact on MHC-A diversification. We found that US11 spurred MHC-A adaptation to evade viral antagonism: In an ancestor of great apes, the MHC-A A2 lineage acquired a Pro184Ala mutation, which confers resistance against the ancestral US11 targeting strategy. In response, US11 deployed a unique low-complexity region (LCR), which exploits the MHC-I peptide loading complex to target the MHC-A2 peptide-binding groove. In addition, the global spread of the human HLA-A*02 allelic family prompted US11 to employ a superior LCR strategy with an optimally fitting peptide mimetic that specifically antagonizes HLA-A*02. Thus, despite cytomegaloviruses low pathogenic potential, the increasing commitment of US11 to MHC-A has significantly promoted diversification of MHC-A in hominids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Zimmermann
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabrielle M. Watson
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC3800, Australia
| | - Liane Bauersfeld
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC3800, Australia
| | - Barbara Ciblis
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Huan Lan
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Gerke
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Oberhardt
- Department of Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC3800, Australia
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Momburg
- Antigen Presentation and T/NK Cell Activation Group, German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104Freiburg, Germany
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Orru' S, Bierbaum S, Enk A, Hengel H, Hoffelner M, Huzly D, Keller-Stanislawski B, Mahler V, Mockenhaupt M, Oberle D. Skin manifestations after immunisation with an adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine, Germany, 2020. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2300261. [PMID: 38099347 PMCID: PMC10831415 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.50.2300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundShortly after the launch of a novel adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV), Shingrix, cases of suspected herpes zoster (HZ) or zoster-like skin reactions following immunisation were reported.AimWe aimed to investigate if these skin manifestations after administration of RZV could be HZ.MethodsBetween April and October 2020, general practitioners (GP) reporting a suspected case of HZ or zoster-like skin manifestation after RZV vaccination to the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, the German national competent authority, were invited to participate in the study. The GP took a sample of the skin manifestation, photographed it and collected patient information on RZV vaccination and the suspected adverse event. We analysed all samples by PCR for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes-simplex virus (HSV) and genotyped VZV-positive samples. In addition, cases were independently assessed by two dermatologists.ResultsEighty eligible cases were enrolled and 72 could be included in the analysis. Of the 72 cases, 45 were female, 33 were 60-69 years old, 32 had skin symptoms in the thoracic and 27 in the cervical dermatomes. Twenty-seven samples tested PCR positive for VZV (all genotyped as wild-type, WT), three for HSV-1 and five for HSV-2.ConclusionIt may be difficult to distinguish HZ, without a PCR result, from other zoster-like manifestations. In this study, VZV-PCR positive dermatomal eruptions occurring in the first weeks after immunisation with RZV were due to WT VZV, which is not unexpected as HZ is a common disease against which the vaccine is unlikely to provide full protection at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Orru'
- Division of Safety of Biomedicines and Diagnostics, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Bierbaum
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Hoffelner
- Division of Safety of Biomedicines and Diagnostics, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Vera Mahler
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Maja Mockenhaupt
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Dokumentationszentrum schwerer Hautreaktionen (dZh), Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Doris Oberle
- Division of Safety of Biomedicines and Diagnostics, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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Vollmer-Raschdorf S, Rashidi-Alavijeh J, Voigt S, Hengel H, Borchardt B, Huzly D, Hüßler EM, In der Schmitten J, Halenius A, Willuweit K, Botzenhardt S, Trilling M, Boettler T, Dehnen D. Tiza- Titre increase and enhanced immunity through an adjuvanted, recombinant herpes zoster subunit v accine in patients with liver cirrhosis and post-liver transplantation: a study protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074461. [PMID: 37918931 PMCID: PMC10626838 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shingrix, an effective adjuvanted, recombinant herpes zoster vaccine (RZV), has been available since 2018. Immunocompromised patients are known to be predisposed to vaccine failure. In-vitro testing of immunological surrogates of vaccine protection could be instrumental for monitoring vaccination success. So far, no test procedure is available for vaccine responses to RZV that could be used on a routine basis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single-centre, three-arm, parallel, longitudinal cohort study aspiring to recruit a total of 308 patients (103 with a liver cirrhosis Child A/B, 103 after liver transplantation (both ≥50 years), 102 immunocompetent patients (60-70 years)). Blood samples will be taken at seven data collection points to determine varicella zoster virus (VZV) and glycoprotein E (gE)-specific IgG and T cell responses. The primary study outcome is to measure and compare responses after vaccination with RZV depending on the type and degree of immunosuppression using gE-specific antibody detection assays. As a secondary outcome, first, the gE-specific CD4+ T cell response of the three cohorts will be compared and, second, the gE-VZV antibody levels will be compared with the severity of possible vaccination reactions. The tertiary outcome is a potential association between VZV immune responses and clinical protection against shingles. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was issued on 07/11/2022 by the Ethics Committee Essen, Germany (number 22-10805-BO). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed open-access journals and presented at local, national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER German Clinical Trials Registry (number DRKS00030683).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jassin Rashidi-Alavijeh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Voigt
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Borchardt
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Hüßler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen In der Schmitten
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Willuweit
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Suzan Botzenhardt
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Dehnen
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Le-Trilling VTK, Maaßen F, Katschinski B, Hengel H, Trilling M. Deletion of the non-adjacent genes UL148 and UL148D impairs human cytomegalovirus-mediated TNF receptor 2 surface upregulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170300. [PMID: 37600801 PMCID: PMC10437809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prototypical β-herpesvirus which frequently causes morbidity and mortality in individuals with immature, suppressed, or senescent immunity. HCMV is sensed by various pattern recognition receptors, leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). TNFα binds to two distinct trimeric receptors: TNF receptor (TNFR) 1 and TNFR2, which differ in regard to their expression profiles, affinities for soluble and membrane-bound TNFα, and down-stream signaling pathways. While both TNF receptors engage NFκB signaling, only the nearly ubiquitously expressed TNFR1 exhibits a death domain that mediates TRADD/FADD-dependent caspase activation. Under steady-state conditions, TNFR2 expression is mainly restricted to immune cells where it predominantly submits pro-survival, proliferation-stimulating, and immune-regulatory signals. Based on the observation that HCMV-infected cells show enhanced binding of TNFα, we explored the interplay between HCMV and TNFR2. As expected, uninfected fibroblasts did not show detectable levels of TNFR2 on the surface. Intriguingly, however, HCMV infection increased TNFR2 surface levels of fibroblasts. Using HCMV variants and BACmid-derived clones either harboring or lacking the ULb' region, an association between TNFR2 upregulation and the presence of the ULb' genome region became evident. Applying a comprehensive set of ULb' gene block and single gene deletion mutants, we observed that HCMV mutants in which the non-adjacent genes UL148 or UL148D had been deleted show an impaired ability to upregulate TNFR2, coinciding with an inverse regulation of TACE/ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabienne Maaßen
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg−Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Katschinski
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg−Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg−Essen, Essen, Germany
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Krausz M, Mitsuiki N, Falcone V, Komp J, Posadas-Cantera S, Lorenz HM, Litzman J, Wolff D, Kanariou M, Heinkele A, Speckmann C, Häcker G, Hengel H, Gámez-Díaz L, Grimbacher B. Corrigendum: Do common infections trigger disease-onset or -severity in CTLA-4 insufficiency? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226814. [PMID: 37334381 PMCID: PMC10273397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011646.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Krausz
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Noriko Mitsuiki
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Komp
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Posadas-Cantera
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiri Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne’s University Hospital in Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kanariou
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anita Heinkele
- Center for Pediatric Rheumatology, Olgahospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Gámez-Díaz
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF – German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST – Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hannover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Le-Trilling VTK, Jagnjić A, Brizić I, Eilbrecht M, Wohlgemuth K, Rožmanić C, Herdman A, Hoffmann K, Westendorf AM, Hengel H, Jonjić S, Trilling M. Maternal antibodies induced by a live attenuated vaccine protect neonatal mice from cytomegalovirus. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:8. [PMID: 36737485 PMCID: PMC9898546 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) frequently causes congenital infections, resulting in birth defects and developmental disorders. A vaccine is needed, but unavailable. We analyzed the potential of CMV mutants, lacking their STAT2 antagonists to serve as live attenuated vaccine viruses in mice. Infections with attenuated viruses elicited strong ELISA-reactive binding IgG responses and induced neutralizing antibodies as well as antibodies stimulating cellular Fcγ receptors, including the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-eliciting receptors FcγRIII/CD16 and FcγRIV. Accordingly, vaccinated mice were fully protected against challenge infections. Female mice vaccinated prior to gestation transmitted CMV-specific IgG to their offspring, which protected the progeny from perinatal infections in a mouse model for congenital CMV disease. To define the role of maternal antibodies, female mice either capable or incapable of producing antibodies were vaccinated and subsequently bred to males of the opposite genotype. Challenge infections of the genotypically identical F1 generation revealed the indispensability of maternal antibodies for vaccine-induced protection against cytomegaloviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreja Jagnjić
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ilija Brizić
- grid.22939.330000 0001 2236 1630Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mareike Eilbrecht
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wohlgemuth
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carmen Rožmanić
- grid.22939.330000 0001 2236 1630Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alan Herdman
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- grid.5963.9Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- grid.5963.9Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- grid.22939.330000 0001 2236 1630Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mirko Trilling
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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9
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Irrgang P, Gerling J, Kocher K, Lapuente D, Steininger P, Habenicht K, Wytopil M, Beileke S, Schäfer S, Zhong J, Ssebyatika G, Krey T, Falcone V, Schülein C, Peter AS, Nganou-Makamdop K, Hengel H, Held J, Bogdan C, Überla K, Schober K, Winkler TH, Tenbusch M. Class switch toward noninflammatory, spike-specific IgG4 antibodies after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade2798. [PMID: 36548397 PMCID: PMC9847566 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA vaccines are efficient preventive measures to combat the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. High levels of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are an important component of vaccine-induced immunity. Shortly after the initial two mRNA vaccine doses, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) response mainly consists of the proinflammatory subclasses IgG1 and IgG3. Here, we report that several months after the second vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were increasingly composed of noninflammatory IgG4, which were further boosted by a third mRNA vaccination and/or SARS-CoV-2 variant breakthrough infections. IgG4 antibodies among all spike-specific IgG antibodies rose, on average, from 0.04% shortly after the second vaccination to 19.27% late after the third vaccination. This induction of IgG4 antibodies was not observed after homologous or heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with adenoviral vectors. Single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry revealed substantial frequencies of IgG4-switched B cells within the spike-binding memory B cell population [median of 14.4%; interquartile range (IQR) of 6.7 to 18.1%] compared with the overall memory B cell repertoire (median of 1.3%; IQR of 0.9 to 2.2%) after three immunizations. This class switch was associated with a reduced capacity of the spike-specific antibodies to mediate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and complement deposition. Because Fc-mediated effector functions are critical for antiviral immunity, these findings may have consequences for the choice and timing of vaccination regimens using mRNA vaccines, including future booster immunizations against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Irrgang
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliane Gerling
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kocher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Wasserturmstr. 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Lapuente
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Habenicht
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Wytopil
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Beileke
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Schäfer
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jahn Zhong
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen, Germany
| | - George Ssebyatika
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck; Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck; Luebeck, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Schülein
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Wasserturmstr. 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Sophia Peter
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krystelle Nganou-Makamdop
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Held
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Wasserturmstr. 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Wasserturmstr. 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Wasserturmstr. 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Corresponding author. (K.S.); (T.H.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Thomas H. Winkler
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Corresponding author. (K.S.); (T.H.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Corresponding author. (K.S.); (T.H.W.); (M.T.)
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10
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Krausz M, Mitsuiki N, Falcone V, Komp J, Posadas-Cantera S, Lorenz HM, Litzman J, Wolff D, Kanariou M, Heinkele A, Speckmann C, Häcker G, Hengel H, Gámez-Díaz L, Grimbacher B. Do common infections trigger disease-onset or -severity in CTLA-4 insufficiency? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011646. [PMID: 36405723 PMCID: PMC9667032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heterozygous mutations in CTLA4 lead to an inborn error of immunity characterized by immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency, known as CTLA-4 insufficiency. Cohort studies on CTLA4 mutation carriers showed a reduced penetrance (around 70%) and variable disease expressivity, suggesting the presence of modifying factors. It is well studied that infections can trigger autoimmunity in humans, especially in combination with a genetic predisposition. METHODS To investigate whether specific infections or the presence of specific persisting pathogens are associated with disease onset or severity in CTLA-4 insufficiency, we have examined the humoral immune response in 13 CTLA4 mutation carriers, seven without clinical manifestation and six with autoimmune manifestations, but without immunoglobulin replacement therapy against cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1/2 (HSV 1/2), parvovirus B19 and Toxoplasma gondii. Additionally, we have measured FcγRIII/CD16A activation by EBV-specific IgG antibodies to examine the functional capabilities of immunoglobulins produced by CTLA4 mutation carriers. RESULTS The seroprevalence between affected and unaffected CTLA4 mutation carriers did not differ significantly for the examined pathogens. Additionally, we show here that CTLA4 mutation carriers produce EBV-specific IgG, which are unimpaired in activating FcγRIII/CD16A. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the investigated pathogens are very unlikely to trigger the disease onset in CTLA-4-insufficient individuals, and their prevalence is not correlated with disease severity or expressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Krausz
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Noriko Mitsuiki
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Komp
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Posadas-Cantera
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiri Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne’s University Hospital in Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kanariou
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anita Heinkele
- Center for Pediatric Rheumatology, Olgahospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Gámez-Díaz
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,DZIF – German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,RESIST – Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hannover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Bodo Grimbacher,
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11
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Ankerhold J, Giese S, Kolb P, Maul-Pavicic A, Voll RE, Göppert N, Ciminski K, Kreutz C, Lother A, Salzer U, Bildl W, Welsink T, Morgenthaler NG, Grawitz AB, Emmerich F, Steinmann D, Huzly D, Schwemmle M, Hengel H, Falcone V. Circulating multimeric immune complexes contribute to immunopathology in COVID-19. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5654. [PMID: 36163132 PMCID: PMC9513013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated immune response with high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies characterizes patients with severe or critical COVID-19. Although a robust IgG response is considered to be protective, excessive triggering of activating Fc-gamma-receptors (FcγRs) could be detrimental and cause immunopathology. Here, we document excessive FcγRIIIA/CD16A activation in patients developing severe or critical COVID-19 but not in those with mild disease. We identify two independent ligands mediating extreme FcγRIIIA/CD16A activation. Soluble circulating IgG immune complexes (sICs) are detected in about 80% of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 at levels comparable to active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease. FcγRIIIA/CD16A activation is further enhanced by afucosylation of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG. Utilizing cell-based reporter systems we provide evidence that sICs can be formed prior to a specific humoral response against SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggest a cycle of immunopathology driven by an early formation of sICs in predisposed patients. These findings suggest a reason for the seemingly paradoxical findings of high antiviral IgG responses and systemic immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19. The involvement of circulating sICs in the promotion of immunopathology in predisposed patients opens new possibilities for intervention strategies to mitigate critical COVID-19 progression. During viral infections high levels of antibodies can form soluble immune complexes (sICs) with antigen and trigger Fcγ receptors (FcγR) leading to increased immunopathology. Here the authors measure FcγRs activation by sICs and consider how these may lead to excessive immunopathology during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Ankerhold
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Maul-Pavicic
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Göppert
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bildl
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Welsink
- InVivo BioTech Services GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Busse Grawitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Emmerich
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Steinmann
- Occupational Medical Service, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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12
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Iyer RF, Edwards DM, Kolb P, Raué HP, Nelson CA, Epperson ML, Slifka MK, Nolz JC, Hengel H, Fremont DH, Früh K. The secreted protein Cowpox Virus 14 contributes to viral virulence and immune evasion by engaging Fc-gamma-receptors. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010783. [PMID: 36121874 PMCID: PMC9521928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of cowpoxvirus (CPXV) could be considered prototypical for orthopoxviridae (OXPV) since it contains many open reading frames (ORFs) absent or lost in other OPXV, including vaccinia virus (VACV). These additional ORFs are non-essential for growth in vitro but are expected to contribute to the broad host range, virulence and immune evasion characteristics of CPXV. For instance, unlike VACV, CPXV encodes proteins that interfere with T cell stimulation, either directly or by preventing antigen presentation or co-stimulation. When studying the priming of naïve T cells, we discovered that CPXV, but not VACV, encodes a secreted factor that interferes with activation and proliferation of naïve CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively, in response to anti-CD3 antibodies, but not to other stimuli. Deletion mapping revealed that the inhibitory protein is encoded by CPXV14, a small secreted glycoprotein belonging to the poxvirus immune evasion (PIE) family and containing a smallpoxvirus encoded chemokine receptor (SECRET) domain that mediates binding to chemokines. We demonstrate that CPXV14 inhibition of antibody-mediated T cell activation depends on the presence of Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) on bystander cells. In vitro, CPXV14 inhibits FcγR-activation by antigen/antibody complexes by binding to FcγRs with high affinity and immobilized CPXV14 can trigger signaling through FcγRs, particularly the inhibitory FcγRIIB. In vivo, CPXV14-deleted virus showed reduced viremia and virulence resulting in reduced weight loss and death compared to wildtype virus whereas both antibody and CD8+ T cell responses were increased in the absence of CPXV14. Furthermore, no impact of CPXV14-deletion on virulence was observed in mice lacking the inhibitory FcγRIIB. Taken together our results suggest that CPXV14 contributes to virulence and immune evasion by binding to host FcγRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi F. Iyer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David M. Edwards
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Raué
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Chris A. Nelson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Epperson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
This article describes procedures for infecting adult mice with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and for infecting newborn mice to model congenital CMV infection. Methods are included for propagating MCMV in cell cultures and preparing a more virulent form of MCMV from the salivary glands of infected mice. A plaque assay is provided for determining MCMV titers of infected tissues or virus stocks. Also, methods are described for preparing the murine embryonic fibroblasts used for propagating MCMV, and for the plaque assay. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Berislav Lisnić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Fran Krstanović
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Kolb P, Giese S, Voll RE, Hengel H, Falcone V. Immune complexes as culprits of immunopathology in severe COVID-19. Med Microbiol Immunol 2022; 212:185-191. [PMID: 35871171 PMCID: PMC9308473 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the pandemic human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 elicits a respiratory tract disease, termed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While a variable degree of disease-associated symptoms may emerge, severe COVID-19 is commonly associated with respiratory complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the necessity for mechanical ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Amongst others, disease outcome depends on age and pre-existing conditions like cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders but also age and biological sex. Intriguingly, increasing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that an exacerbated inflammatory response and in particular IgG immune complexes (ICs), significantly contribute to severe and prolonged COVID-19 disease progression. Vast amounts of deposited, unresolved ICs in tissue are capable to initiate an exaggerated Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) mediated signalling cascade which eventually results in common IC-associated organ diseases such as vasculitis, glomerulonephritis and arthritis, comorbidities that have been frequently reported for COVID-19. Moreover and independent of deposited ICs, very recent work identified soluble ICs (sIC) to be also present in the circulation of a majority of severely ill patients, where their systemic abundance correlated with disease severity. Thus, detection of circulating sICs in patients represents a potential marker for critical COVID-19 disease progression. Their detection early after clinical deterioration might become an indicator for the requirement of prompt anti-inflammatory treatment. Here, we review the role of ICs in COVID-19 progression, their possible origins and potential intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Edmund Voll
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Akbil B, Meyer T, Stubbemann P, Thibeault C, Staudacher O, Niemeyer D, Jansen J, Mühlemann B, Doehn J, Tabeling C, Nusshag C, Hirzel C, Sanchez DS, Nieters A, Lother A, Duerschmied D, Schallner N, Lieberum JN, August D, Rieg S, Falcone V, Hengel H, Kölsch U, Unterwalder N, Hübner RH, Jones TC, Suttorp N, Drosten C, Warnatz K, Spinetti T, Schefold JC, Dörner T, Sander LE, Corman VM, Merle U, Kurth F, von Bernuth H, Meisel C, Goffinet C. Early and Rapid Identification of COVID-19 Patients with Neutralizing Type I Interferon Auto-antibodies. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1111-1129. [PMID: 35511314 PMCID: PMC9069123 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Six to 19% of critically ill COVID-19 patients display circulating auto-antibodies against type I interferons (IFN-AABs). Here, we establish a clinically applicable strategy for early identification of IFN-AAB-positive patients for potential subsequent clinical interventions. Methods We analyzed sera of 430 COVID-19 patients from four hospitals for presence of IFN-AABs by ELISA. Binding specificity and neutralizing activity were evaluated via competition assay and virus-infection-based neutralization assay. We defined clinical parameters associated with IFN-AAB positivity. In a subgroup of critically ill patients, we analyzed effects of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on the levels of IFN-AABs, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and clinical outcome. Results The prevalence of neutralizing AABs to IFN-α and IFN-ω in COVID-19 patients from all cohorts was 4.2% (18/430), while being undetectable in an uninfected control cohort. Neutralizing IFN-AABs were detectable exclusively in critically affected (max. WHO score 6–8), predominantly male (83%) patients (7.6%, 18/237 for IFN-α-AABs and 4.6%, 11/237 for IFN-ω-AABs in 237 patients with critical COVID-19). IFN-AABs were present early post-symptom onset and at the peak of disease. Fever and oxygen requirement at hospital admission co-presented with neutralizing IFN-AAB positivity. IFN-AABs were associated with lower probability of survival (7.7% versus 80.9% in patients without IFN-AABs). TPE reduced levels of IFN-AABs in three of five patients and may increase survival of IFN-AAB-positive patients compared to those not undergoing TPE. Conclusion IFN-AABs may serve as early biomarker for the development of severe COVID-19. We propose to implement routine screening of hospitalized COVID-19 patients for rapid identification of patients with IFN-AABs who most likely benefit from specific therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-022-01252-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengisu Akbil
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Stubbemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Staudacher
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Doehn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Tabeling
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cédric Hirzel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Sökler Sanchez
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- University Medical Center Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Center for Biobanking, FREEZE-Biobank, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Cardiology and Medical Intensive Care, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Medical Intensive Care, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Nikolaus Lieberum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich August
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Siegbert Rieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Kölsch
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Unterwalder
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf-Harto Hübner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thibaud Spinetti
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DRFZ, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Horst von Bernuth
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Meisel
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Fomenko A, Weibel S, Moezi H, Menger K, Schmucker C, Metzendorf MI, Motschall E, Falcone V, Huzly D, Panning M, Rücker G, Hengel H. Assessing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectivity by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2342. [PMID: 35366033 PMCID: PMC9111068 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cornerstone of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) detection is reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of viral RNA. As a surrogate assay SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection does not necessarily imply infectivity. Only virus isolation in permissive cell culture systems can indicate infectivity. Here, we review the evidence on RT‐PCR performance in detecting infectious SARS‐CoV‐2. We searched for any studies that used RT‐PCR and cell culture to determine infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory samples. We assessed (i) diagnostic accuracy of RT‐PCR compared to cell culture as reference test, (ii) performed meta‐analysis of positive predictive values (PPV) and (iii) determined the virus isolation probabilities depending on cycle threshold (Ct) or log10 genome copies/ml using logistic regression. We included 55 studies. There is substantial statistical and clinical heterogeneity. Seven studies were included for diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity ranged from 90% to 99% and specificity from 29% to 92%. In meta‐analysis, the PPVs varied across subgroups with different sampling times after symptom onset, with 1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%–7%) in sampling beyond 10 days and 27% (CI, 19%–36%) to 46% (CI, 33%–60%) in subgroups that also included earlier samples. Estimates of virus isolation probability varied between 6% (CI, 0%–100%) and 50% (CI, 0%–100%) at a Ct value of 30 and between 0% (CI, 0%–22%) and 63% (CI, 0%–100%) at 5 log10 genome copies/ml. Evidence on RT‐PCR performance in detecting infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory samples was limited. Major limitations were heterogeneity and poor reporting. RT‐PCR and cell culture protocols need further standardisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Fomenko
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Weibel
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helia Moezi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Menger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Schmucker
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria-Inti Metzendorf
- Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group, Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Edith Motschall
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerta Rücker
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Chen H, Maul‐Pavicic A, Holzer M, Huber M, Salzer U, Chevalier N, Voll RE, Hengel H, Kolb P. Detection and functional resolution of soluble immune complexes by an FcγR reporter cell panel. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14182. [PMID: 34842342 PMCID: PMC8749491 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) activation by soluble IgG immune complexes (sICs) represents a major mechanism of inflammation in certain autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A robust and scalable test system allowing for the detection and quantification of sIC bioactivity is missing. We developed a comprehensive reporter cell panel detecting activation of FcγRs. The reporter cell lines were integrated into an assay that enables the quantification of sIC reactivity via ELISA or a faster detection using flow cytometry. This identified FcγRIIA(H) and FcγRIIIA as the most sIC-sensitive FcγRs in our test system. Reaching a detection limit in the very low nanomolar range, the assay proved also to be sensitive to sIC stoichiometry and size reproducing for the first time a complete Heidelberger-Kendall curve in terms of immune receptor activation. Analyzing sera from SLE patients and mouse models of lupus and arthritis proved that sIC-dependent FcγR activation has predictive capabilities regarding severity of SLE disease. The assay provides a sensitive and scalable tool to evaluate the size, amount, and bioactivity of sICs in all settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhang Chen
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Medical CenterAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of MedicineAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Andrea Maul‐Pavicic
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI)Medical Center‐University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Martin Holzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Medical CenterAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of MedicineAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI)Medical Center‐University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Medical CenterAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of MedicineAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Medical CenterAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of MedicineAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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18
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Renk H, Dulovic A, Seidel A, Becker M, Fabricius D, Zernickel M, Junker D, Groß R, Müller J, Hilger A, Bode SFN, Fritsch L, Frieh P, Haddad A, Görne T, Remppis J, Ganzemueller T, Dietz A, Huzly D, Hengel H, Kaier K, Weber S, Jacobsen EM, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Stich M, Tönshoff B, Hoffmann GF, Müller B, Ludwig C, Jahrsdörfer B, Schrezenmeier H, Peter A, Hörber S, Iftner T, Münch J, Stamminger T, Groß HJ, Wolkewitz M, Engel C, Liu W, Rizzi M, Hahn BH, Henneke P, Franz AR, Debatin KM, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Janda A, Elling R. Robust and durable serological response following pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:128. [PMID: 35013206 PMCID: PMC8748910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and persistence of children's humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown but will be crucial to guide pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. Here, we examine 548 children and 717 adults within 328 households with at least one member with a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We assess serological response at 3-4 months and 11-12 months after infection using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for 23 human coronavirus antigens including SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern (VOC) and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and additionally by three commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Neutralization against wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta VOC are analysed in a pseudotyped virus assay. Children, compared to adults, are five times more likely to be asymptomatic, and have higher specific antibody levels which persist longer (96.2% versus 82.9% still seropositive 11-12 months post infection). Of note, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections induce similar humoral responses in all age groups. SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs independent of HCoV serostatus. Neutralization responses of children and adults are similar, although neutralization is reduced for both against the Delta VOC. Overall, the long-term humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is of longer duration than in adults even after asymptomatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Renk
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alina Seidel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilger
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian F N Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linus Fritsch
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Frieh
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anneke Haddad
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Görne
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Tina Ganzemueller
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Dietz
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaier
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Weber
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Ludwig
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Wolkewitz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Engel
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel R Franz
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ales Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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19
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Stich M, Elling R, Renk H, Janda A, Garbade SF, Müller B, Kräusslich HG, Fabricius D, Zernickel M, Meissner P, Huzly D, Grulich-Henn J, Haddad A, Görne T, Spielberger B, Fritsch L, Nieters A, Hengel H, Dietz AN, Stamminger T, Ganzenmueller T, Ruetalo N, Peter A, Remppis J, Iftner T, Jeltsch K, Waterboer T, Franz AR, Hoffmann GF, Engel C, Debatin KM, Tönshoff B, Henneke P. Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Households with Children, Southwest Germany, May-August 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:3009-3019. [PMID: 34695369 PMCID: PMC8632156 DOI: 10.3201/eid2712.210978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving the role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in households with members from different generations is crucial for containing the current pandemic. We conducted a large-scale, multicenter, cross-sectional seroepidemiologic household transmission study in southwest Germany during May 11-August 1, 2020. We included 1,625 study participants from 405 households that each had ≥1 child and 1 reverse transcription PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected index case-patient. The overall secondary attack rate was 31.6% and was significantly higher in exposed adults (37.5%) than in children (24.6%-29.2%; p = <0.015); the rate was also significantly higher when the index case-patient was >60 years of age (72.9%; p = 0.039). Other risk factors for infectiousness of the index case-patient were SARS-CoV-2-seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 27.8, 95% CI 8.26-93.5), fever (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.14-3.31), and cough (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.21-3.53). Secondary infections in household contacts generate a substantial disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sven F. Garbade
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Barbara Müller
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Peter Meissner
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Jürgen Grulich-Henn
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Anneke Haddad
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Tessa Görne
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Benedikt Spielberger
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Linus Fritsch
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Andrea N. Dietz
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Andreas Peter
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Jonathan Remppis
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Kathrin Jeltsch
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Axel R. Franz
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Georg Friedrich Hoffmann
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
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20
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Baasch S, Giansanti P, Kolter J, Riedl A, Forde AJ, Runge S, Zenke S, Elling R, Halenius A, Brabletz S, Hengel H, Kuster B, Brabletz T, Cicin-Sain L, Arens R, Vlachos A, Rohr JC, Stemmler MP, Kopf M, Ruzsics Z, Henneke P. Cytomegalovirus subverts macrophage identity. Cell 2021; 184:3774-3793.e25. [PMID: 34115982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) have co-evolved with their mammalian hosts for millions of years, leading to remarkable host specificity and high infection prevalence. Macrophages, which already populate barrier tissues in the embryo, are the predominant immune cells at potential CMV entry sites. Here we show that, upon CMV infection, macrophages undergo a morphological, immunophenotypic, and metabolic transformation process with features of stemness, altered migration, enhanced invasiveness, and provision of the cell cycle machinery for viral proliferation. This complex process depends on Wnt signaling and the transcription factor ZEB1. In pulmonary infection, mouse CMV primarily targets and reprograms alveolar macrophages, which alters lung physiology and facilitates primary CMV and secondary bacterial infection by attenuating the inflammatory response. Thus, CMV profoundly perturbs macrophage identity beyond established limits of plasticity and rewires specific differentiation processes, allowing viral spread and impairing innate tissue immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Baasch
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Riedl
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron James Forde
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Solveig Runge
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Zenke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Immune Aging and Chronic Infections Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Christopher Rohr
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Philippe Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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21
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Tönshoff B, Müller B, Elling R, Renk H, Meissner P, Hengel H, Garbade SF, Kieser M, Jeltsch K, Grulich-Henn J, Euler J, Stich M, Chobanyan-Jürgens K, Zernickel M, Janda A, Wölfle L, Stamminger T, Iftner T, Ganzenmueller T, Schmitt C, Görne T, Laketa V, Olberg S, Plaszczyca A, Cortese M, Bartenschlager R, Pape C, Remme R, Huzly D, Panning M, Weigang S, Giese S, Ciminski K, Ankerhold J, Kochs G, Schwemmle M, Handgretinger R, Niemeyer CM, Engel C, Kern WV, Hoffmann GF, Franz AR, Henneke P, Debatin KM, Kräusslich HG. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Their Parents in Southwest Germany. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:586-593. [PMID: 33480966 PMCID: PMC7823424 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Importance School and daycare closures were enforced as measures to confine the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, based on the assumption that young children may play a key role in severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread. Given the grave consequences of contact restrictions for children, a better understanding of their contribution to the COVID-19 pandemic is of great importance. Objective To describe the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children aged 1 to 10 years, compared with a corresponding parent of each child, in a population-based sample. Design, Setting, and Participants This large-scale, multicenter, cross-sectional investigation (the COVID-19 BaWü study) enrolled children aged 1 to 10 years and a corresponding parent between April 22 and May 15, 2020, in southwest Germany. Exposures Potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were infection and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunofluorescence tests. Discordant results were clarified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, a second enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or an in-house Luminex-based assay. Results This study included 4964 participants: 2482 children (median age, 6 [range, 1-10] years; 1265 boys [51.0%]) and 2482 parents (median age, 40 [range, 23-66] years; 615 men [24.8%]). Two participants (0.04%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low in parents (1.8% [95% CI, 1.2-2.4%]) and 3-fold lower in children (0.6% [95% CI, 0.3-1.0%]). Among 56 families with at least 1 child or parent with seropositivity, the combination of a parent with seropositivity and a corresponding child with seronegativity was 4.3 (95% CI, 1.19-15.52) times higher than the combination of a parent who was seronegative and a corresponding child with seropositivity. We observed virus-neutralizing activity for 66 of 70 IgG-positive serum samples (94.3%). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection during a period of lockdown in southwest Germany was particularly low in children aged 1 to 10 years. Accordingly, it is unlikely that children have boosted the pandemic. This SARS-CoV-2 prevalence study, which appears to be the largest focusing on children, is instructive for how ad hoc mass testing provides the basis for rational political decision-making in a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Renk
- University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Meissner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sven F. Garbade
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meinhard Kieser
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jeltsch
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grulich-Henn
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Euler
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristine Chobanyan-Jürgens
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Clinical-Pharmacological Trial Centre (paedKliPS), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aleš Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Wölfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tessa Görne
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Olberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Plaszczyca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Pape
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Remme
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jakob Ankerhold
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte M. Niemeyer
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Corinna Engel
- Centre for Paediatric Clinical Studies at the University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Winfried V. Kern
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Axel R. Franz
- Centre for Paediatric Clinical Studies at the University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Kolb P, Hoffmann K, Sievert A, Reinhard H, Merce-Maldonado E, Le-Trilling VTK, Halenius A, Gütle D, Hengel H. Human cytomegalovirus antagonizes activation of Fcγ receptors by distinct and synergizing modes of IgG manipulation. eLife 2021; 10:63877. [PMID: 33724188 PMCID: PMC8041466 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is endowed with multiple highly sophisticated immune evasion strategies. This includes the evasion from antibody mediated immune control by counteracting host Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) mediated immune control mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We have previously shown that HCMV avoids FcγR activation by concomitant expression of the viral Fc-gamma-binding glycoproteins (vFcγRs) gp34 and gp68. We now show that gp34 and gp68 bind IgG simultaneously at topologically different Fcγ sites and achieve efficient antagonization of host FcγR activation by distinct but synergizing mechanisms. While gp34 enhances immune complex internalization, gp68 acts as inhibitor of host FcγR binding to immune complexes. In doing so, gp68 induces Fcγ accessibility to gp34 and simultaneously limits host FcγR recognition. The synergy of gp34 and gp68 is compelled by the interfering influence of excessive non-immune IgG ligands and highlights conformational changes within the IgG globular chains critical for antibody effector function. Human cytomegalovirus is a type of herpes virus that rarely causes symptoms in healthy people but can cause serious complications in unborn babies and in people with compromised immune systems, such as transplant recipients. The virus has found ways to successfully evade the immune system, and once infected, the body retains the virus for life. It deploys an arsenal of proteins that bind to antibodies, specialized proteins the immune system uses to flag virus-infected cells for destruction. This prevents certain cells of the immune system, the natural killer cells, from recognizing and destroying virus-infected cells. These immune-evading proteins are called viral Fc-gamma receptors, or vFcγRs. While it has been previously shown that these receptors are able to evade the immune system, it remained unknown how exactly they prevent natural killer cells from recognizing infected cells. Now, Kolb et al. show that the cytomegalovirus deploys two vFcγRs called gp34 and gp68, which work together to block natural killer cells. The latter reduces the ability of natural killer cells to bind to antibodies on cytomegalovirus-infected cells. This paves the way for gp34 to pull virus proteins from the surface of the infected cell, making them inaccessible to the immune system. Neither protein fully protects virus-infected cells on its own, but together they are highly effective. The experiments reveal further details about how cytomegalovirus uses two defense mechanisms simultaneously to outmaneuver the immune system. Understanding this two-part viral evasion system may help scientists to develop vaccines or new treatments that can protect vulnerable people from diseases caused by the cytomegalovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annika Sievert
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Reinhard
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Merce-Maldonado
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Anne Halenius
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Gütle
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Le-Trilling VTK, Becker T, Nachshon A, Stern-Ginossar N, Schöler L, Voigt S, Hengel H, Trilling M. The Human Cytomegalovirus pUL145 Isoforms Act as Viral DDB1-Cullin-Associated Factors to Instruct Host Protein Degradation to Impede Innate Immunity. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2248-2260.e5. [PMID: 32075763 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes diseases in individuals with immature or compromised immunity. To evade immune control, HCMV evolved numerous antagonists targeting the interferon system at multiple levels. By comparative analysis of naturally arising variants of the most widely studied HCMV strain, AD169, and a panel of targeted mutants, we uncover the UL145 gene as indispensable for STAT2 downregulation. Ribosome profiling confirms the translation of the canonical pUL145 protein (pUL145-Long) and newly identifies a shorter isoform (pUL145-Short). Both isoforms recruit DDB1-containing ubiquitin ligases to induce proteasomal degradation of STAT2. An alanine-scanning mutagenesis discloses the DDB1 interaction motif of pUL145 that resembles the DDB1-binding interface of cellular substrate receptors of DDB1-containing ubiquitin ligases. Thus, pUL145 constitutes a viral DDB1-cullin-associated factor (vDCAF), which mimics cellular DCAFs to exploit the ubiquitin-proteasome system to impede antiviral immunity. Notably, the viral exploitation of the cullins can be targeted to restore the efficacy of the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Becker
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lara Schöler
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology/SCT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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24
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Angulo G, Zeleznjak J, Martínez-Vicente P, Puñet-Ortiz J, Hengel H, Messerle M, Oxenius A, Jonjic S, Krmpotić A, Engel P, Angulo A. Cytomegalovirus restricts ICOSL expression on antigen-presenting cells disabling T cell co-stimulation and contributing to immune evasion. eLife 2021; 10:59350. [PMID: 33459589 PMCID: PMC7840182 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are controlled, and very often cleared, by activated T lymphocytes. The inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) mediates its functions by binding to its ligand ICOSL, enhancing T-cell activation and optimal germinal center (GC) formation. Here, we show that ICOSL is heavily downmodulated during infection of antigen-presenting cells by different herpesviruses. We found that, in murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), the immunoevasin m138/fcr-1 physically interacts with ICOSL, impeding its maturation and promoting its lysosomal degradation. This viral protein counteracts T-cell responses, in an ICOS-dependent manner, and limits virus control during the acute MCMV infection. Additionally, we report that blockade of ICOSL in MCMV-infected mice critically regulates the production of MCMV-specific antibodies due to a reduction of T follicular helper and GC B cells. Altogether, these findings reveal a novel mechanism evolved by MCMV to counteract adaptive immune surveillance, and demonstrates a role of the ICOS:ICOSL axis in the host defense against herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jelena Zeleznjak
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Pablo Martínez-Vicente
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Puñet-Ortiz
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Messerle
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Carpinteiro A, Edwards MJ, Hoffmann M, Kochs G, Gripp B, Weigang S, Adams C, Carpinteiro E, Gulbins A, Keitsch S, Sehl C, Soddemann M, Wilker B, Kamler M, Bertsch T, Lang KS, Patel S, Wilson GC, Walter S, Hengel H, Pöhlmann S, Lang PA, Kornhuber J, Becker KA, Ahmad SA, Fassbender K, Gulbins E. Pharmacological Inhibition of Acid Sphingomyelinase Prevents Uptake of SARS-CoV-2 by Epithelial Cells. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100142. [PMID: 33163980 PMCID: PMC7598530 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system plays an important role in bacterial and viral infections. Here, we report that either pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase with amitriptyline, imipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, or maprotiline or genetic downregulation of the enzyme prevents infection of cultured cells or freshy isolated human nasal epithelial cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudoviral particles (pp-VSV) presenting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike), a bona fide system mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infection activates acid sphingomyelinase and triggers a release of ceramide on the cell surface. Neutralization or consumption of surface ceramide reduces infection with pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike. Treating volunteers with a low dose of amitriptyline prevents infection of freshly isolated nasal epithelial cells with pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike. The data justify clinical studies investigating whether amitriptyline, a safe drug used clinically for almost 60 years, or other antidepressants that functionally block acid sphingomyelinase prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Gripp
- Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Sana-Klinikum Remscheid GmbH, Burger Strasse 211, 42859 Remscheid, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Adams
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Carolin Sehl
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sameer Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gregory C. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Silke Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Syed A. Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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26
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Ruzsics Z, Hoffmann K, Riedl A, Krawczyk A, Widera M, Sertznig H, Schipper L, Kapper-Falcone V, Debreczeny M, Ernst W, Grabherr R, Hengel H, Harant H. A Novel, Broad-Acting Peptide Inhibitor of Double-Stranded DNA Virus Gene Expression and Replication. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:601555. [PMID: 33281801 PMCID: PMC7705112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are a global disease burden with only a limited number of antiviral agents available. Due to newly emerging viral pathogens and increasing occurrence of drug resistance, there is a continuous need for additional therapeutic options, preferably with extended target range. In the present study, we describe a novel antiviral peptide with broad activity against several double-stranded DNA viruses. The 22-mer peptide TAT-I24 potently neutralized viruses such as herpes simplex viruses, adenovirus type 5, cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, and simian virus 40 in cell culture models, while being less active against RNA viruses. The peptide TAT-I24 therefore represents a novel and promising drug candidate for use against double-stranded DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Riedl
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, Universitätsmedizin Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helene Sertznig
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leonie Schipper
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Valeria Kapper-Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Debreczeny
- VIBT Imaging Center, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Ernst
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Schramm MA, Venhoff N, Wagner D, Thiel J, Huzly D, Craig-Mueller N, Panning M, Hengel H, Kern WV, Voll RE. COVID-19 in a Severely Immunosuppressed Patient With Life-Threatening Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2086. [PMID: 32983161 PMCID: PMC7484740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapies increase the susceptibility of patients to infections. The current pandemic with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compels clinicians to develop recommendations for successful clinical management and surveillance of immunocompromised patients at high risk for severe disease progression. With only few case studies published on SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic diseases, we report a 25-year-old male who developed moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with fever, mild dyspnea, and no major complications despite having received high-dose prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for the treatment of highly active, life-threatening eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A Schramm
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Venhoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Wagner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Thiel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Craig-Mueller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried V Kern
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Gather R, Aichele P, Goos N, Rohr J, Pircher H, Kögl T, Zeiser R, Hengel H, Schmitt-Gräff A, Weaver C, Ehl S. Trigger-dependent differences determine therapeutic outcome in murine primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1770-1782. [PMID: 32419134 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome affecting patients with genetic cytotoxicity defects. Perforin-deficient (PKO) mice recapitulate the full clinical picture of FHL after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Hyperactivated CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ have been identified as the key drivers of FHL and represent targets for therapeutic interventions. However, the response of patients is variable. This could be due to trigger-dependent differences in pathogenesis, which is difficult to address in FHL patients, since the trigger frequently escapes detection. We established an alternative FHL model using intravenous infection of PKO mice with murine CMV (MCMV)Smith . PKO mice developed acute FHL after both infections and fulfilled HLH diagnostic criteria accompanied by excessive IFN-γ production by disease-inducing T cells, that enrich in the BM. However, direct comparison of the two infection models disclosed trigger-dependence of FHL progression and revealed a higher contribution of CD4 T cells and NK cells to IFN-γ production after MCMV infection. Importantly, therapeutic intervention by IFN-γ neutralization or CD8+ T-cell depletion had less benefit in MCMV-triggered FHL compared to LCMV-triggered FHL, likely due to MCMV-induced cytopathology. Thus, the context of the specific triggering viral infection can impact the success of targeted immunotherapeutic HLH control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Gather
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Aichele
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Goos
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Rohr
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamara Kögl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schmitt-Gräff
- Department of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Casey Weaver
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Eis-Hübinger AM, Hönemann M, Wenzel JJ, Berger A, Widera M, Schmidt B, Aldabbagh S, Marx B, Streeck H, Ciesek S, Liebert UG, Huzly D, Hengel H, Panning M. Ad hoc laboratory-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR using minipools of RNA prepared from routine respiratory samples. J Clin Virol 2020; 127:104381. [PMID: 32344319 PMCID: PMC7175872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory-based surveillance tool for SARS-CoV-2 was established. It consists of minipool testing of nucleic acid preparations. Limit of detection was 48 copies per reaction (95 % confidence interval: 33–184). A protocol was distributed among five German university hospitals. The approach proved its principle and one COVID-19 case was detected in 70 minipools.
Background A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China in late 2019 and subsequently caused a pandemic. Surveillance is important to better appreciate this evolving pandemic and to longitudinally monitor the effectiveness of public health measures. Objectives We aimed to provide a rapid, easy to establish and costeffective laboratory-based surveillance tool for SARS-CoV-2. Study design: We used minipools of RNA prepared from nucleic acid extractions of routine respiratory samples. We technically validated the assay and distributed the protocol within an informal network of five German university laboratories. Results We tested a total of 70 minipools resembling 700 samples shortly before the upsurge of cases in Germany from 17.02.2020 to 10.03.2020. One minipool reacted positive and after resolution one individual sample tested SARS-CoV-2 positive. This sample was from a hospitalized patient not suspected of having contracted SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Our approach of a laboratory-based surveillance for SARSCoV-2 using minipools proved its concept is easily adaptable and resource-saving. It might assist not only public health laboratories in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Eis-Hübinger
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Faculty of Medicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mario Hönemann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Berger
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Souhaib Aldabbagh
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Faculty of Medicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Marx
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Faculty of Medicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Faculty of Medicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Lübke M, Spalt S, Kowalewski DJ, Zimmermann C, Bauersfeld L, Nelde A, Bichmann L, Marcu A, Peper JK, Kohlbacher O, Walz JS, Le-Trilling VTK, Hengel H, Rammensee HG, Stevanović S, Halenius A. Identification of HCMV-derived T cell epitopes in seropositive individuals through viral deletion models. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20191164. [PMID: 31869419 PMCID: PMC7062530 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy individuals, immune control of persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is effectively mediated by virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, identifying the repertoire of T cell specificities for HCMV is hampered by the immense protein coding capacity of this betaherpesvirus. Here, we present a novel approach that employs HCMV deletion mutant viruses lacking HLA class I immunoevasins and allows direct identification of naturally presented HCMV-derived HLA ligands by mass spectrometry. We identified 368 unique HCMV-derived HLA class I ligands representing an unexpectedly broad panel of 123 HCMV antigens. Functional characterization revealed memory T cell responses in seropositive individuals for a substantial proportion (28%) of these novel peptides. Multiple HCMV-directed specificities in the memory T cell pool of single individuals indicate that physiologic anti-HCMV T cell responses are directed against a broad range of antigens. Thus, the unbiased identification of naturally presented viral epitopes enabled a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the physiological repertoire of anti-HCMV T cell specificities in seropositive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Lübke
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spalt
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Kowalewski
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cosima Zimmermann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Liane Bauersfeld
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leon Bichmann
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Applied Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics and Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Marcu
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet Kerstin Peper
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics and Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Quantitative Biology Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Biomolecular Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S. Walz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Pérez-Portilla A, Moraru M, Blázquez-Moreno A, Kolb P, Bravo García-Morato M, Ranganath T, Esteso G, Gianelli C, Rodríguez-Pena R, Lozano-Rodríguez R, Torres-Canizales JM, Blish CA, Vales-Gomez M, Hengel H, Vilches C, López-Granados E, Reyburn HT. Identification of the first cases of complete CD16A deficiency: Association with persistent EBV infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1288-1292. [PMID: 31953104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Moraru
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blázquez-Moreno
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - María Bravo García-Morato
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Gloria Esteso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Gianelli
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Rodríguez-Pena
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Torres-Canizales
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mar Vales-Gomez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo López-Granados
- Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital La Paz and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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32
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De Vlieger D, Hoffmann K, Van Molle I, Nerinckx W, Van Hoecke L, Ballegeer M, Creytens S, Remaut H, Hengel H, Schepens B, Saelens X. Selective Engagement of FcγRIV by a M2e-Specific Single Domain Antibody Construct Protects Against Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2920. [PMID: 31921179 PMCID: PMC6921966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections, such as infections caused by influenza A viruses, are a constant threat for public health. Antivirals are indispensable to control disease caused by epidemic as well as pandemic influenza A. We developed a novel anti-influenza A virus approach based on an engineered single-domain antibody (VHH) construct that can selectively recruit innate immune cells to the sites of virus replication. This protective construct comprises two VHHs. One VHH binds with nanomolar affinity to the conserved influenza A matrix protein 2 (M2) ectodomain (M2e). Co-crystal structure analysis revealed that the complementarity determining regions 2 and 3 of this VHH embrace M2e. The second selected VHH specifically binds to the mouse Fcγ Receptor IV (FcγRIV) and was genetically fused to the M2e-specific VHH, which resulted in a bi-specific VHH-based construct that could be efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris. In the presence of M2 expressing or influenza A virus-infected target cells, this single domain antibody construct selectively activated the mouse FcγRIV. Moreover, intranasal delivery of this bispecific FcγRIV-engaging VHH construct protected wild type but not FcγRIV−/− mice against challenge with an H3N2 influenza virus. These results provide proof of concept that VHHs directed against a surface exposed viral antigen can be readily armed with effector functions that trigger protective antiviral activity beyond direct virus neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien De Vlieger
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inge Van Molle
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Nerinckx
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Ballegeer
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Creytens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bert Schepens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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33
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Zimmermann C, Kowalewski D, Bauersfeld L, Hildenbrand A, Gerke C, Schwarzmüller M, Le-Trilling VTK, Stevanovic S, Hengel H, Momburg F, Halenius A. HLA-B locus products resist degradation by the human cytomegalovirus immunoevasin US11. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008040. [PMID: 31527904 PMCID: PMC6764698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To escape CD8+ T-cell immunity, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US11 redirects MHC-I for rapid ER-associated proteolytic degradation (ERAD). In humans, classical MHC-I molecules are encoded by the highly polymorphic HLA-A, -B and -C gene loci. While HLA-C resists US11 degradation, the specificity for HLA-A and HLA-B products has not been systematically studied. In this study we analyzed the MHC-I peptide ligands in HCMV-infected cells. A US11-dependent loss of HLA-A ligands was observed, but not of HLA-B. We revealed a general ability of HLA-B to assemble with β2m and exit from the ER in the presence of US11. Surprisingly, a low-complexity region between the signal peptide sequence and the Ig-like domain of US11, was necessary to form a stable interaction with assembled MHC-I and, moreover, this region was also responsible for changing the pool of HLA-B ligands. Our data suggest a two-pronged strategy by US11 to escape CD8+ T-cell immunity, firstly, by degrading HLA-A molecules, and secondly, by manipulating the HLA-B ligandome. The human immune system can cover the presentation of a wide array of pathogen derived antigens owing to the three extraordinary polymorphic MHC class I (MHC-I) gene loci, called HLA-A, -B and -C in humans. Studying the HLA peptide ligands of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected cells, we realized that the HCMV encoded glycoprotein US11 targeted different HLA gene products in distinct manners. More than 20 years ago the first HCMV encoded MHC-I inhibitors were identified, including US11, targeting MHC-I for proteasomal degradation. Here, we describe that the prime target for US11-mediated degradation is HLA-A, whereas HLA-B can resist degradation. Our further mechanistic analysis revealed that US11 uses various domains for distinct functions. Remarkably, the ability of US11 to interact with assembled MHC-I and modify peptide loading of degradation-resistant HLA-B was dependent on a low-complexity region (LCR) located between the signal peptide and the immunoglobulin-like domain of US11. To redirect MHC-I for proteasomal degradation the LCR was dispensable. These findings now raise the intriguing question why US11 has evolved to target HLA-A and -B differentially. Possibly, HLA-B molecules are spared in order to dampen NK cell attack against infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Zimmermann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kowalewski
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liane Bauersfeld
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hildenbrand
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Gerke
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schwarzmüller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Stevanovic
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Momburg
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, Antigen Presentation and T/NK Cell Activation Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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34
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Manser AR, Scherenschlich N, Thöns C, Hengel H, Timm J, Uhrberg M. KIR Polymorphism Modulates the Size of the Adaptive NK Cell Pool in Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Individuals. J Immunol 2019; 203:2301-2309. [PMID: 31519864 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute infection with human CMV (HCMV) induces the development of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells. In some cases, large expansions of this subset, characterized by coexpression of HLA-C-specific KIR, are stably maintained during the life-long latent phase of infection. The factors that control these unusual expansions in vivo are currently unknown. In this study, the role of KIR polymorphism and expression in this process was analyzed. It is shown that strong NKG2C+ NK cell expansions are dominated by single KIR clones, whereas moderate expansions are frequently polyclonal (p < 0.0001). Importantly, the choice of KIR was not arbitrary but biased toward usage of HLA-C-specific KIR encoded by the centromeric part of group A (cenA) haplotypes. Consideration of KIR allelic variation and gene copy number revealed that the cenA effect was predominantly due to the HLA-C2-specific KIR2DL1 receptor; presence of KIR2DL1 on NKG2C+ NK cells led to significantly larger clonal expansions than the cenB-encoded KIR2DL2 (p = 0.002). Expansion of NKG2C+KIR2DL1+ NK cells was always accompanied by the cognate ligand HLA-C2. Moreover, in these donors the frequency of NKG2C+ NK cells correlated with the concentration of anti-HCMV IgG (r = 0.62, p = 0.008), suggesting direct relevance of NKG2C+KIR2DL1+ NK cells for virus control. Altogether, the study suggests that the homeostasis of NKG2C+ NK cells in HCMV infection is at least partly controlled by coexpression of cognate inhibitory KIR. In particular, the strong interaction of KIR2DL1 and HLA-C2 ligands seems to promote large and stable expansion of adaptive NK cells in HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Manser
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Scherenschlich
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Thöns
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and.,Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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35
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Siedler A, Koch J, Garbe E, Hengel H, von Kries R, Ledig T, Mertens T, Zepp F, Überla K. Background paper to the decision to recommend the vaccination with the inactivated herpes zoster subunit vaccine : Statement of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) at the Robert Koch Institute. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:352-376. [PMID: 30848293 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-02882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Siedler
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Koch
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Garbe
- Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - H Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R von Kries
- Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Ledig
- General Practice, Ditzingen, Germany
| | - T Mertens
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - F Zepp
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - K Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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36
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Železnjak J, Lisnić VJ, Popović B, Lisnić B, Babić M, Halenius A, L'Hernault A, Roviš TL, Hengel H, Erhard F, Redwood AJ, Vidal SM, Dölken L, Krmpotić A, Jonjić S. The complex of MCMV proteins and MHC class I evades NK cell control and drives the evolution of virus-specific activating Ly49 receptors. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1809-1827. [PMID: 31142589 PMCID: PMC6683999 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Železnjak et al. demonstrate that two MCMV-encoded proteins interact with MHC I molecules, forming an altered-self complex that prevents missing self recognition by increasing specificity for inhibitory Ly49 receptors. This led to the evolution of CMV-specific activating Ly49s. CMVs efficiently target MHC I molecules to avoid recognition by cytotoxic T cells. However, the lack of MHC I on the cell surface renders the infected cell susceptible to NK cell killing upon missing self recognition. To counter this, mouse CMV (MCMV) rescues some MHC I molecules to engage inhibitory Ly49 receptors. Here we identify a new viral protein, MATp1, that is essential for MHC I surface rescue. Rescued altered-self MHC I molecules show increased affinity to inhibitory Ly49 receptors, resulting in inhibition of NK cells despite substantially reduced MHC I surface levels. This enables the virus to evade recognition by licensed NK cells. During evolution, this novel viral immune evasion mechanism could have prompted the development of activating NK cell receptors that are specific for MATp1-modified altered-self MHC I molecules. Our study solves a long-standing conundrum of how MCMV avoids recognition by NK cells, unravels a fundamental new viral immune evasion mechanism, and demonstrates how this forced the evolution of virus-specific activating MHC I–restricted Ly49 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Železnjak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanda Juranić Lisnić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Branka Popović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Berislav Lisnić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Babić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne L'Hernault
- Precision Medicine and Genomics, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tihana Lenac Roviš
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alec J Redwood
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia .,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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37
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Lagassé HAD, Hengel H, Golding B, Sauna ZE. Fc-Fusion Drugs Have FcγR/C1q Binding and Signaling Properties That May Affect Their Immunogenicity. AAPS J 2019; 21:62. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Dudek S, Weißmüller S, Anzaghe M, Miller L, Sterr S, Hoffmann K, Hengel H, Waibler Z. Human Fcγ receptors compete for TGN1412 binding that determines the antibody's effector function. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1117-1126. [PMID: 31002172 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The first-in-human clinical trial of the CD28-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) TGN1412 resulted in a life-threatening cytokine release syndrome. Although TGN1412 was designed as IgG4, known for weak Fc:Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interactions, these interactions contributed to TGN1412-induced T-cell activation. Using cell lines (TFs) expressing human FcγRI, -IIa, -IIb, or -III, we show that TGN1412 and TGN1412 as IgG1 and IgG2 are bound by FcγRs as it can be deduced from literature. However, upon coculture of TGN1412-decorated T cells with TFs or human primary blood cells, we observed that binding capacities by FcγRs do not correlate with the strength of the mediated effector function. FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb, showing no or very minor binding to TGN1412, mediated strongest T cell proliferation, while high-affinity FcγRI, exhibiting strong TGN1412 binding, mediated hardly any T-cell proliferation. These findings are of biological relevance because we show that FcγRI binds TGN1412, thus prevents binding to FcγRIIa or FcγRIIb, and consequently disables T-cell proliferation. In line with this, FcγRI- FcγRII+ but not FcγRI+ FcγRII+ monocytes mediate TGN1412-induced T-cell proliferation. Collectively, by using TGN1412 as example, our results indicate that binding of monomeric IgG subclasses does not predict the FcγR-mediated effector function, which has major implications for the design of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dudek
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Weißmüller
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Martina Anzaghe
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Lilija Miller
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Sarah Sterr
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoe Waibler
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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Kolb P, Sijmons S, McArdle MR, Taher H, Womack J, Hughes C, Ventura A, Jarvis MA, Stahl-Hennig C, Hansen S, Picker LJ, Malouli D, Hengel H, Früh K. Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Fc Gamma-Binding Glycoprotein in Rhesus Cytomegalovirus. J Virol 2019; 93:e02077-18. [PMID: 30487278 PMCID: PMC6364020 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02077-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors recognizing the Fc part of immunoglobulin G (FcγRs) are key determinants in antibody-mediated immune responses. Members of the Herpesviridae interfere with this immune regulatory network by expressing viral FcγRs (vFcγRs). Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes four distinct vFcγRs that differ with respect to their IgG subtype specificity and their impact on antibody-mediated immune function in vitro The impact of vFcγRs on HCMV pathogenesis and immunomodulation in vivo is not known. The closest evolutionary animal model of HCMV is rhesus CMV (RhCMV) infection of rhesus macaques. To enable the characterization of vFcγR function in this model, we studied IgG binding by RhCMV. We show that lysates of RhCMV-infected cells contain an IgG-binding protein of 30 kDa encoded by the gene Rh05 that is a predicted type I glycoprotein belonging to the RL11 gene family. Upon deletion of Rh05, IgG-Fc binding by RhCMV strain 68-1 is lost, whereas ectopic expression of Rh05 results in IgG binding to transfected cells consistent with Rh05 being a vFcγR. Using a set of reporter cell lines stably expressing human and rhesus FcγRs, we further demonstrate that Rh05 antagonizes host FcγR activation. Compared to Rh05-intact RhCMV, RhCMVΔRh05 showed an increased activation of host FcγR upon exposure of infected cells to IgG from RhCMV-seropositive animals, suggesting that Rh05 protects infected cells from opsonization and IgG-dependent activation of host FcγRs. However, antagonizing host FcγR activation by Rh05 was not required for the establishment and maintenance of infection of RhCMV, even in a seropositive host, as shown by the induction of T cell responses to heterologous antigens expressed by RhCMV lacking the gene region encoding Rh05. In contrast to viral evasion of natural killer cells or T cell recognition, the evasion of antibody-mediated effects does not seem to be absolutely required for infection or reinfection. The identification of the first vFcγR that efficiently antagonizes host FcγR activation in the RhCMV genome will thus permit more detailed studies of this immunomodulatory mechanism in promoting viral dissemination in the presence of natural or vaccine-induced humoral immunity.IMPORTANCE Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) offers a unique model for studying human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pathogenesis and vaccine development. RhCMV infection of nonhuman primates greatly broadened the understanding of mechanisms by which CMVs evade or reprogram T cell and natural killer cell responses in vivo However, the role of humoral immunity and viral modulation of anti-CMV antibodies has not been studied in this model. There is evidence from in vitro studies that HCMVs can evade humoral immunity. By gene mapping and with the help of a novel cell-based reporter assay system we characterized the first RhCMV encoded IgG-Fcγ binding glycoprotein as a potent antagonist of rhesus FcγR activation. We further demonstrate that, unlike evasion of T cell immunity, this viral Fcγ receptor is not required to overcome anti-CMV immunity to establish secondary infections. These findings enable more detailed studies of the in vivo consequences of CMV evasion from IgG responses in nonhuman primate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven Sijmons
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew R McArdle
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Husam Taher
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennie Womack
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Colette Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Abigail Ventura
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Scott Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Malouli
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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Matysiak-Klose D, Santibanez S, Schwerdtfeger C, Koch J, von Bernuth H, Hengel H, Littmann M, Terhardt M, Wicker S, Mankertz A, Heininger U. Post-exposure prophylaxis for measles with immunoglobulins revised recommendations of the standing committee on vaccination in Germany. Vaccine 2018; 36:7916-7922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
This unit describes procedures for infecting newborn and adult mice with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Methods are included for propagating MCMV in cell cultures and for preparing a more virulent form of MCMV from salivary glands of infected mice. A plaque assay is provided for determining MCMV titers of infected tissues or virus stocks. Also, a method is described for preparing the murine embryonic fibroblasts used for propagating MCMV and for the plaque assay. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Brizić
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Berislav Lisnić
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Wolfram Brune
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Hengel H, Keimer R, Deigendesch W, Rieß A, Marzouqa H, Zaidan J, Bauer P, Schöls L. GPT2 mutations cause developmental encephalopathy with microcephaly and features of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Clin Genet 2018; 94:356-361. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hengel
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Tübingen Germany
| | - R. Keimer
- Caritas Baby Hospital; Bethlehem Palestine
| | | | - A. Rieß
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | | | - J. Zaidan
- Caritas Baby Hospital; Bethlehem Palestine
| | - P. Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - L. Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Tübingen Germany
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43
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Rattay S, Graf D, Kislat A, Homey B, Herebian D, Häussinger D, Hengel H, Zimmermann A, Schupp AK. Anti-inflammatory consequences of bile acid accumulation in virus-infected bile duct ligated mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199863. [PMID: 29953538 PMCID: PMC6023182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic patients exhibiting high bile acid serum levels were reported to be more susceptible to bacterial and viral infections. Animal studies in bile duct ligated (BDL) mice suggest that cholestasis leads to an aggravation of hepatic bacterial infections. We have investigated the impact of cholestasis on mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-induced immune responses and viral replication. While MCMV did not aggravate BDL-induced liver damage, BDL markedly reduced MCMV-triggered chemokine expression and immune cell recruitment to the liver. MCMV-infected BDL mice showed diminished trafficking of Ly6C+/F4/80+ myeloid cells and NK1.1+ NK cells to the liver compared to MCMV infected control mice. Moreover, virus-driven expression of CCL7, CCL12, CXCL9 and CXCL10 was clearly impaired in BDL- compared to sham-operated mice. Furthermore, production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was massively augmented in infected BDL mice. In contrast, intra- and extrahepatic virus replication was unaltered in BDL-MCMV mice when compared to sham-MCMV mice. Cholestasis in the BDL model severely impaired pathogen-induced chemokine expression in the liver affecting CCR2- and CXCR3-dependent cell trafficking. Cholestasis resulted in reduced recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and NK cells to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rattay
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Graf
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Kislat
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Zimmermann
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna-Kathrin Schupp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Romania P, Cifaldi L, Pignoloni B, Starc N, D'Alicandro V, Melaiu O, Li Pira G, Giorda E, Carrozzo R, Bergvall M, Bergström T, Alfredsson L, Olsson T, Kockum I, Seppälä I, Lehtimäki T, Hurme MA, Hengel H, Santoni A, Cerboni C, Locatelli F, D'Amato M, Fruci D. Identification of a Genetic Variation in ERAP1 Aminopeptidase that Prevents Human Cytomegalovirus miR-UL112-5p-Mediated Immunoevasion. Cell Rep 2018; 20:846-853. [PMID: 28746870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that HCMV miR-UL112-5p targets ERAP1, thereby inhibiting the processing and presentation of the HCMV pp65495-503 peptide to specific CTLs. In addition, we show that the rs17481334 G variant, naturally occurring in the ERAP1 3' UTR, preserves ERAP1 from miR-UL112-5p-mediated degradation. Specifically, HCMV miR-UL112-5p binds the 3' UTR of ERAP1 A variant, but not the 3' UTR of ERAP1 G variant, and, accordingly, ERAP1 expression is reduced both at RNA and protein levels only in human fibroblasts homozygous for the A variant. Consistently, HCMV-infected GG fibroblasts were more efficient in trimming viral antigens and being lysed by HCMV-peptide-specific CTLs. Notably, a significantly decreased HCMV seropositivity was detected among GG individuals suffering from multiple sclerosis, a disease model in which HCMV is negatively associated with adult-onset disorder. Overall, our results identify a resistance mechanism to HCMV miR-UL112-5p-based immune evasion strategy with potential implications for individual susceptibility to infection and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Romania
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pignoloni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Starc
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio D'Alicandro
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Li Pira
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Unit of Flow Cytometry, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Monika Bergvall
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section for Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere School of Medicine, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere School of Medicine, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko A Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, FimLab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere School of Medicine, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cerboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; BioDonostia Health Research Institute San Sebastian and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Frye BC, Bierbaum S, Falcone V, Köhler TC, Hettich I, Dürk T, Zissel G, Idzko M, Hengel H, Müller-Quernheim J. Torque Teno Virus DNA plasma level reflects immunosuppression in lung transplant recipients and might help to predict rejection. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BC Frye
- Department für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - S Bierbaum
- Institut für Virologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - V Falcone
- Institut für Virologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - TC Köhler
- Department für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - I Hettich
- Department für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - T Dürk
- Department für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - G Zissel
- Department für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - M Idzko
- Department für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - H Hengel
- Institut für Virologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - J Müller-Quernheim
- Department für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
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46
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Horn J, Damm O, Greiner W, Hengel H, Kretzschmar ME, Siedler A, Ultsch B, Weidemann F, Wichmann O, Karch A, Mikolajczyk RT. Influence of demographic changes on the impact of vaccination against varicella and herpes zoster in Germany - a mathematical modelling study. BMC Med 2018; 16:3. [PMID: 29316913 PMCID: PMC5761134 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that reduced exposure to varicella might lead to an increased risk for herpes zoster (HZ). Reduction of exposure to varicella is a consequence of varicella vaccination but also of demographic changes. We analyzed how the combination of vaccination programs and demographic dynamics will affect the epidemiology of varicella and HZ in Germany over the next 50 years. METHODS We used a deterministic dynamic compartmental model to assess the impact of different varicella and HZ vaccination strategies on varicella and HZ epidemiology in three demographic scenarios, namely the projected population for Germany, the projected population additionally accounting for increased immigration as observed in 2015/2016, and a stationary population. RESULTS Projected demographic changes alone result in an increase of annual HZ cases by 18.3% and a decrease of varicella cases by 45.7% between 1990 and 2060. Independently of the demographic scenario, varicella vaccination reduces the cumulative number of varicella cases until 2060 by approximately 70%, but also increases HZ cases by 10%. Unlike the currently licensed live attenuated HZ vaccine, the new subunit vaccine candidate might completely counteract this effect. Relative vaccine effects were consistent across all demographic scenarios. CONCLUSION Demographic dynamics will be a major determinant of HZ epidemiology in the next 50 years. While stationary population models are appropriate for assessing vaccination impact, models incorporating realistic population structures allow a direct comparison to surveillance data and can thus provide additional input for immunization decision-making and resource planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Horn
- ESME - Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institue of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,PhD Programme "Epidemiology" Braunschweig-Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Damm
- Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Greiner
- Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam E Kretzschmar
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences & Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anette Siedler
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Ole Wichmann
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Karch
- ESME - Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig site, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rafael T Mikolajczyk
- ESME - Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Institue of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig site, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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47
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Pupuleku A, Costa-García M, Farré D, Hengel H, Angulo A, Muntasell A, López-Botet M. Elusive Role of the CD94/NKG2C NK Cell Receptor in the Response to Cytomegalovirus: Novel Experimental Observations in a Reporter Cell System. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1317. [PMID: 29114247 PMCID: PMC5660692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection promotes the differentiation and persistent expansion of a mature NK cell subset, which displays high surface levels of the activating CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptor, together with additional distinctive phenotypic and functional features. The mechanisms underlying the development of adaptive NK cells remain uncertain but some observations support the involvement of a cognate interaction of CD94/NKG2C with ligand(s) displayed by HCMV-infected cells. To approach this issue, the heterodimer and its adaptor (DAP12) were expressed in the human Jurkat leukemia T cell line; signaling was detected by transfection of a reporter plasmid encoding for Luciferase (Luc) under NFAT/AP1-dependent control. Engagement of the receptor by solid-phase bound CD94- or NKG2C-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) triggered Luc expression. Moreover, reporter activation was detectable upon interaction with HLA-E+ 721.221 (.221-AEH) cells, as well as with 721.221 cells incubated with synthetic peptides, which stabilized surface expression of endogenous HLA-E; the response was specifically antagonized by soluble NKG2C- and HLA-E-specific mAbs. By contrast, activation of Jurkat-NKG2C+ was undetectable upon interaction with Human Fetal Foreskin Fibroblasts (HFFF) infected with HCMV laboratory strains (i.e., AD169, Towne), regardless of their differential ability to preserve surface HLA-E expression. On the other hand, infection with two clinical isolates or with the endotheliotropic TB40/E strain triggered Jurkat-NKG2C+ activation; yet, this response was not inhibited by blocking mAbs and was independent of CD94/NKG2C expression. The results are discussed in the framework of previous observations supporting the hypothetical existence of specific ligand(s) for CD94/NKG2C in HCMV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldi Pupuleku
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Costa-García
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domènec Farré
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Abstract
Vaccinations are very effective measures for prevention of infections but are also associated with a long list of possible side effects. Adverse ocular effects following vaccination have been rarely reported or considered to be related to vaccinations. Conjunctivitis is a frequent sequel of various vaccinations. Oculorespiratory syndrome and serum sickness syndrome are considered to be related to influenza vaccinations. The risk of reactivation or initiation of autoimmune diseases (e. g. uveitis) cannot be excluded but has not yet been proven. Overall the benefit of vaccination outweighs the possible but very low risk of ocular side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ness
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - H Hengel
- Institut für Virologie; Department für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
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49
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Wiese-Posselt M, Siedler A, Mankertz A, Sauerbrei A, Hengel H, Wichmann O, Poethko-Müller C. Varicella-zoster virus seroprevalence in children and adolescents in the pre-varicella vaccine era, Germany. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:356. [PMID: 28525973 PMCID: PMC5438501 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2004, universal childhood varicella vaccination was introduced in Germany. We aimed to determine the age-specific prevalence of anti-varicella zoster virus (VZV) IgG-antibodies among children in the pre-varicella vaccine era in Germany, to identify factors associated with VZV seropositivity, and to assess the suitability of a commercially available ELISA for VZV seroepidemiological studies by comparing it with an in-house fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test (FAMA) as the gold standard. Methods Serum samples of 13,433 children and adolescents aged 1–17 years included in the population-based German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS; conducted 2003–2006) were tested for anti-VZV IgG by ELISA. All samples with equivocal ELISA results and a random selection of ELISA-negative and -positive samples were tested by FAMA. Statistical analyses were conducted using a weighting factor adjusting the study population to the total population in Germany. Seroprevalences were calculated as percentages (%) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Odds ratios (OR) were computed by multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between socio-demographic factors and VZV seropositivity. Results The VZV seropositivity rate was 80.3% (95% CI: 79.3–81.3) in varicella-unvaccinated children and adolescents. VZV seropositivity rates differed significantly between age groups up to age 6 years, but not by gender. Of 118 retested serum samples with an equivocal ELISA result, 45.8% were FAMA-positive. The proportion of samples tested as false-negative in by ELISA varied by age group: 2.6% in children aged 1–6 and 9% in children aged 7–17 years. Multivariate analyses showed that age, having older siblings, and early daycare start were associated with seropositivity in preschoolers; migration background reduced the chance of VZV seropositivity in schoolchildren (OR: 0.65; 0.43–0.99) and adolescents (OR: 0.62; 0.4–0.97). Conclusion In the pre-varicella vaccine era, most children in Germany contracted varicella by age six. Schoolchildren with a migration background and children without siblings have an increased risk of being VZV seronegative and should be targeted for catch-up vaccination, if they have no history of chickenpox. ELISAs are suitable for use in population-level serosurveys on VZV, but samples with equivocal ELISA results should be retested by FAMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wiese-Posselt
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Immunization Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anette Siedler
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Immunization Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Sauerbrei
- Institute of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, German Consulting Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Albrecht-Ludwigs-University, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Immunization Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Lagasse HD, Levin D, Hengel H, Golding B, Sauna ZE. Fc-fusion drugs have C1q/FcγR binding and signaling properties that can affect their immunogenicity. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.129.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Fusing the IgG1 constant region (Fc-domain) to therapeutic proteins increases their plasma half-life via neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding. However, potential interactions with other Fc-binding molecules including complement C1q and Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) can have immunological consequences. Our previous studies in a mouse model suggest that engagement of the Fc-Factor IX (FIX) to FcγR on APC and NKT cells could alter the immunogenicity of the FIX moiety. Here, we conducted a comparative study of FDA-approved Fc-fusion proteins to assess their potential for C1q binding as well as FcγR binding and signaling. Binding of soluble drug to C1q was measured by ELISA, and FcγR binding and signaling was evaluated using BW5147:FcγR-ζ reporter cell lines. We demonstrate that rFIXFc and rFVIIIFc bound C1q as well as activating and inhibitory FcγRs (I, IIA, IIB, IIIA). These therapeutic proteins also signaled via FcγRIIIA, and to a lesser extent via FcγRI and FcγRIIB. Other Fc-fusion drugs (TNFR-Fc; CTLA4-Fc) bound FcγRI (TNFR-Fc also bound FcγRIIIA), but did not result in FcγR signaling. As predicted, a control anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody modified for enhanced FcγRIIIA engagement, bound and signaled via FcγRIIIA, while the parent molecule did not; supporting our use of BW5147: FcγR-ζ reporter cells for the assessment of Fc:FcγR interactions. Our studies show that Fc-fusion drugs have distinct C1q/FcγR binding and signaling properties. Moreover, FcγR binding does not predict signaling. Our studies suggest that Fc-FcγR engagement can influence the immunogenicity to Fc-fusion drugs as both fusion partners influence this interaction. Future investigations will elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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