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Renk H, Dulovic A, Seidel A, Becker M, Fabricius D, Zernickel M, Junker D, Groß R, Müller J, Hilger A, Bode SFN, Fritsch L, Frieh P, Haddad A, Görne T, Remppis J, Ganzemueller T, Dietz A, Huzly D, Hengel H, Kaier K, Weber S, Jacobsen EM, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Stich M, Tönshoff B, Hoffmann GF, Müller B, Ludwig C, Jahrsdörfer B, Schrezenmeier H, Peter A, Hörber S, Iftner T, Münch J, Stamminger T, Groß HJ, Wolkewitz M, Engel C, Liu W, Rizzi M, Hahn BH, Henneke P, Franz AR, Debatin KM, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Janda A, Elling R. Robust and durable serological response following pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:128. [PMID: 35013206 PMCID: PMC8748910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and persistence of children's humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown but will be crucial to guide pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. Here, we examine 548 children and 717 adults within 328 households with at least one member with a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We assess serological response at 3-4 months and 11-12 months after infection using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for 23 human coronavirus antigens including SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern (VOC) and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and additionally by three commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Neutralization against wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta VOC are analysed in a pseudotyped virus assay. Children, compared to adults, are five times more likely to be asymptomatic, and have higher specific antibody levels which persist longer (96.2% versus 82.9% still seropositive 11-12 months post infection). Of note, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections induce similar humoral responses in all age groups. SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs independent of HCoV serostatus. Neutralization responses of children and adults are similar, although neutralization is reduced for both against the Delta VOC. Overall, the long-term humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is of longer duration than in adults even after asymptomatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Renk
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alina Seidel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilger
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian F N Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linus Fritsch
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Frieh
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anneke Haddad
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Görne
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Tina Ganzemueller
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Dietz
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaier
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Weber
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Ludwig
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Wolkewitz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Engel
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel R Franz
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ales Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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