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Chesnokova LS, Mosher BS, Fulkerson HL, Nam HW, Shakya AK, Yurochko AD. Distinct early role of PTEN regulation during HCMV infection of monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312290121. [PMID: 38483999 PMCID: PMC10962971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312290121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of monocytes is essential for viral dissemination and persistence. We previously identified that HCMV entry/internalization and subsequent productive infection of this clinically relevant cell type is distinct when compared to other infected cells. We showed that internalization and productive infection required activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and integrin/c-Src, via binding of viral glycoprotein B to EGFR, and the pentamer complex to β1/β3 integrins. To understand how virus attachment drives entry, we compared infection of monocytes with viruses containing the pentamer vs. those without the pentamer and then used a phosphoproteomic screen to identify potential phosphorylated proteins that influence HCMV entry and trafficking. The screen revealed that the most prominent pentamer-biased phosphorylated protein was the lipid- and protein-phosphatase phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). PTEN knockdown with siRNA or PTEN inhibition with a PTEN inhibitor decreased pentamer-mediated HCMV entry, without affecting trimer-mediated entry. Inhibition of PTEN activity affected lipid metabolism and interfered with the onset of the endocytic processes required for HCMV entry. PTEN inactivation was sufficient to rescue pentamer-null HCMV from lysosomal degradation. We next examined dephosphorylation of a PTEN substrate Rab7, a regulator of endosomal maturation. Inhibition of PTEN activity prevented dephosphorylation of Rab7. Phosphorylated Rab7, in turn, blocked early endosome to late endosome maturation and promoted nuclear localization of the virus and productive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila S. Chesnokova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Bailey S. Mosher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Heather L. Fulkerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Hyung W. Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Akhalesh K. Shakya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Andrew D. Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Feist-Weller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Excellence in Arthritis and Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center of Excellence for Emerging Viral Threats, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
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Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a betaherpesvirus with a global seroprevalence of 60-90%. HCMV is the leading cause of congenital infections and poses a great health risk to immunocompromised individuals. Although HCMV infection is typically asymptomatic in the immunocompetent population, infection can result in mononucleosis and has also been associated with the development of certain cancers, as well as chronic inflammatory diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases. In immunocompromised patients, including AIDS patients, transplant recipients, and developing fetuses, HCMV infection is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Currently there is no vaccine for HCMV and there is a need for new pharmacological treatments. Ongoing research seeks to further define the complex aspects of HCMV pathogenesis, which could potentially lead to the generation of new therapeutics to mitigate the disease states associated with HCMV infection. The following chapter reviews the advancements in our understanding of HCMV pathogenesis in the immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Fulkerson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Maciej T Nogalski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Andrew D Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Mosher BS, Fulkerson HL, Yurochko AD. Collection and Isolation of CD14 + Primary Human Monocytes Via Dual Density Gradient Centrifugation as a Model System to Study Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2244:103-113. [PMID: 33555584 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1111-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause severe disease in the immunocompromised. One of the hallmarks of HCMV infection of a human host is the targeted infection of peripheral blood monocytes (but not other leukocyte populations) that in turn serve as the key cell type for hematogenous dissemination and the establishment of persistence following primary infection. Monocytes are also a key cell type associated with viral reactivation and spread following viral reactivation. Because of their importance in the HCMV-host infection cycle and lifelong infection, it is critical to be able to study their infection in controlled in vitro systems in the laboratory. In this chapter, we discuss a viable protocol for harvesting fresh ex vivo blood monocytes from human donors that are pure and unactivated cells and that can be used in a research setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey S Mosher
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Heather L Fulkerson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Andrew D Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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