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Kumai T, Shinomiya H, Shibata H, Takahashi H, Kishikawa T, Okada R, Fujieda S, Sakashita M. Translational research in head and neck cancer: Molecular and immunological updates. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:391-400. [PMID: 37640594 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor prognosis. Each year, approximately 880,000 patients are newly diagnosed with HNSCC worldwide, and 450,000 patients with HNSCC die. Risk factors for developing HNSCC have been identified, with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and viral infections being the major factors. Owing to the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, the number of HNSCC cases is increasing considerably. Surgery and chemoradiotherapy are the primary treatments for HNSCC. With advancements in tumor biology, patients are eligible for novel treatment modalities, namely targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and photoimmunotherapy. Because this area of research has rapidly progressed, clinicians should understand the basic biology of HNSCC to choose an appropriate therapy in the upcoming era of personalized medicine. This review summarized recent developments in tumor biology, focusing on epidemiology, genetic/epigenetic factors, the tumor microenvironment, microbiota, immunity, and photoimmunotherapy in HNSCC, as well as how these findings can be translated into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Shinomiya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kishikawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Sakashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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Begliarzade S, Sufianov A, Ilyasova T, Shumadalova A, Sufianov R, Beylerli O, Yan Z. Circular RNA in cervical cancer: Fundamental mechanism and clinical potential. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:116-124. [PMID: 38035041 PMCID: PMC10686810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CC (CC) remains a significant global health concern, imposing a substantial health burden on women worldwide due to its high incidence and mortality rates. To address this issue, there is a need for ongoing research to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms of CC and to discover novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Recent progress in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has opened new avenues for investigation, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as molecules with diverse roles in various cellular processes. These circRNAs are distinct in structure, forming a closed loop, setting them apart from their linear counterparts. They are intricately involved in regulating different aspects of cellular functions, particularly in cell growth and development. Remarkably, circRNAs can have varying functions, either promoting or inhibiting oncogenic processes, depending on the specific cellular context. Recent studies have identified abnormal circRNAs expression patterns associated with CC, indicating their significant involvement in disease development. The differing circRNAs profiles linked to CC present promising opportunities for early detection, precise prognosis evaluation, and personalized treatment strategies. In this comprehensive review, we embark on a detailed exploration of CC-related circRNAs, elucidating their distinct roles and providing insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms governing CC's onset and progression. A growing body of evidence strongly suggests that circRNAs can serve as valuable biomarkers for early CC detection and hold potential as therapeutic targets for intervention. By delving into the complex interplay between circRNAs and CC, we are paving the way for innovative, individualized approaches to combat this serious disease, with the goal of reducing its impact on women's health globally and improving patient outcomes. As our understanding of circRNAs in the context of CC continues to deepen, the outlook for breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment becomes increasingly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Begliarzade
- Department of Oncology, Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Rinat Sufianov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurooncology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Zhongrui Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 301800, China
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Göttig L, Schreiner S. E4orf1: The triple agent of adenovirus - Unraveling its roles in oncogenesis, infectious obesity and immune responses in virus replication and vector therapy. Tumour Virus Res 2024; 17:200277. [PMID: 38428735 PMCID: PMC10937242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are nearly ubiquitous pathogens comprising numerous sub-types that infect various tissues and organs. Among many encoded proteins that facilitate viral replication and subversion of host cellular processes, the viral E4orf1 protein has emerged as an intriguing yet under-investigated player in the complex interplay between the virus and its host. E4orf1 has gained attention as a metabolism activator and oncogenic agent, while recent research is showing that E4orf1 may play a more important role in modulating cellular pathways such as PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Ras, the immune response and further HAdV replication stages than previously anticipated. In this review, we aim to explore the structure, molecular mechanisms, and biological functions of E4orf1, shedding light on its potentially multifaceted roles during HAdV infection, including metabolic diseases and oncogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of functional E4orf1 in biotechnological applications such as Adenovirus (AdV) vaccine vectors and oncolytic AdV. By dissecting the intricate relationships between HAdV types and E4orf1 proteins, this review provides valuable insights into viral pathogenesis and points to promising areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Göttig
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Chen HC, Kuo CY, Chang Y, Tsai DL, Lee MH, Lee JY, Lee HM, Su YC. 5-Methoxytryptophan enhances the sensitivity of sorafenib on the inhibition of proliferation and metastasis for lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38388902 PMCID: PMC10885375 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and effective therapies are limited. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with limited effective therapy. Sorafenib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor frequently used to treat numerous types of malignant tumors. However, it has been demonstrated that sorafenib showed moderate antitumor activity and is associated with several side effects in lung cancer, which restricted its clinical application. This study aimed to examine the antitumor effect of the combination treatment of sorafenib and 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) on cell growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. METHOD The anticancer effect of the combination treatment of sorafenib and 5-MTP was determined through cytotoxicity assay and colony forming assays. The mechanism was elucidated using flow cytometry and western blotting. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of the combination treatment on migration and invasion abilities. An in vivo model was employed to analyze the effect of the combination treatment on the tumorigenic ability of LLC cells. RESULT Our results demonstrated that the sorafenib and 5-MTP combination synergistically reduced viability and proliferation compared to sorafenib or 5-MTP treatment alone. Reduction of cyclin D1 expression was observed in the sorafenib alone or combination treatments, leading to cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the sorafenib-5-MTP combination significantly increased the inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of LLC cells compared to the single treatments. The combination also significantly downregulated vimentin and MMP9 levels, contributing to the inhibition of metastasis. The reduction of phosphorylated Akt and STAT3 expression may further contribute to the inhibitory effect on proliferation and metastasis. In vivo, the sorafenib-5-MTP combination further reduced tumor growth and metastasis compared to the treatment of sorafenib alone. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data indicate that 5-MTP sensitizes the antitumor activity of sorafenib in LLC cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that sorafenib-5-MTP has the potential to serve as a therapeutic option for patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chi Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Lin Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ying Lee
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Saleem A, Khan MU, Zahid T, Khurram I, Ghani MU, Ullah I, Munir R, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Biological role and regulation of circular RNA as an emerging biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:296. [PMID: 38340202 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique family of endogenous RNAs devoid of 3' poly-A tails and 5' end caps. These single-stranded circRNAs, found in the cytoplasm, are synthesized via back-splicing mechanisms, merging introns, exons, or both, resulting in covalently closed circular loops. They are profusely expressed across the eukaryotic transcriptome and offer heightened stability against exonuclease RNase R compared to linear RNA counterparts. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive overview of circRNAs' characteristics, biogenesis, and mechanisms of action. Furthermore, aimed to shed light on the potential of circRNAs as significant biomarkers in various cancer types. It has been performed an exhaustive literature review, drawing on recent studies and findings related to circRNA characteristics, synthesis, function, evaluation techniques, and their associations with oncogenesis. CircRNAs are intricately associated with tumor progression and development. Their multifaceted roles encompass gene regulation through the sponging of proteins and microRNAs, controlling transcription and splicing, interacting with RNA binding proteins (RBPs), and facilitating gene translation. Due to these varied roles, circRNAs have become a focal point in tumor pathology investigations, given their promising potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic agents. CircRNAs, due to their unique biogenesis and multifunctionality, hold immense promise in the realm of oncology. Their stability, widespread expression, and intricate involvement in gene regulation underscore their prospective utility as reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. As our understanding of circRNAs deepens, advanced techniques for their detection, evaluation, and manipulation will likely emerge. These advancements might catalyze the translation of circRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics into clinical practice, potentially revolutionizing cancer care and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Saleem
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Tazeen Zahid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Khurram
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rakhtasha Munir
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Li J, Li C, Xu W. Liver cancer-specific mutations in functional domains of ADAR2 lead to the elevation of coding and non-coding RNA editing in multiple tumor-related genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:1. [PMID: 38170228 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mutation is the major cause of phenotypic innovations. Apart from DNA mutations, the alteration on RNA such as the ADAR-mediated A-to-I RNA editing could also shape the phenotype. These two layers of variations have not been systematically combined to study their collective roles in cancers. We collected the high-quality transcriptomes of ten hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the matched control samples. We systematically identified HCC-specific mutations in the exonic regions and profiled the A-to-I RNA editome in each sample. All ten HCC samples had mutations in the CDS of ADAR2 gene (dsRNA-binding domain or catalytic domain). The consequence of these mutations converged to the elevation of ADAR2 efficiency as reflected by the global increase of RNA editing levels in HCC. The up-regulated editing sites (UES) were enriched in the CDS and UTR of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSG), indicating the possible roles of these target genes in HCC oncogenesis. We present the mutation-ADAR2-UES-oncogene/TSG-HCC axis that explains how mutations at different layers would finally lead to abnormal phenotype. In the light of central dogma, our work provides novel insights into how to fully take advantage of the transcriptome data to decipher the consequence of mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chaowei Li
- Department of PET/CT, The Second Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University (Qingdao Center Hospital), Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Wengui Xu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Xu Q, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Jiang R, Ai Z, Chen J, Ma L. IRX2 regulates endometrial carcinoma oncogenesis by transcriptional repressing RUVBL1. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113866. [PMID: 38042247 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a rising concern among gynecological malignancies. Iroquois Homeobox 2 (IRX2), a member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family, demonstrates variable effects in different cancer types, emphasizing the need for extensive exploration of its involvement in EC progression. Utilizing TCGA and GEO databases, as well as performing immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis on clinical samples, we assessed the expression levels of IRX2 and its promoter methylation in EC. To understand the functional roles of IRX2, we conducted various assays including in vitro CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, cell invasion assays, and cell apoptosis assays. Moreover, we utilized in vivo subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. Additionally, we performed KEGG pathway and gene set enrichment analyses to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms. To validate the regulatory relationship between IRX2 and RUVBL1, we employed chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Our results indicate significantly reduced levels of IRX2 expression in EC, correlating with higher histological grades, advanced clinical stages, and diminished overall survival. We observed that DNA methylation of the IRX2 promoter suppresses its expression in EC, with cg26333652 and cg11793269 playing critical roles as methylated sites. In contrast, ectopic overexpression of IRX2 substantially inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, and promotes cell apoptosis. Additionally, we discovered that IRX2 exerts negative regulation on the expression of RUVBL1, which is upregulated in EC and associated with a poorer prognosis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that decreased expression of IRX2 facilitates EC cell growth through the regulation of RUVBL1 expression, thereby contributing to the development of EC. Hence, targeting the IRX2-RUVBL1 axis holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyang Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanzhen Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuedi Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongzhen Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Ai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Patel RK, Frankel L, Cardeiro M, Hansen W, Takabe K, Rashid OM. The Role of Crohn Disease on Breast Cancer Incidence: A Clinical Analysis. World J Oncol 2023; 14:457-463. [PMID: 38022407 PMCID: PMC10681792 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. The pathophysiology of this disease characteristically involves transmural inflammation, which predisposes patients to various gastrointestinal cancers such as colon cancer. Although the increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers in Crohn disease has been well established, the risk of extra-gastrointestinal cancers remains unknown. We sought to study the risk of breast cancer in patients with Crohn disease. Methods The data for this retrospective study were compiled using the International Classification of Disease Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes from the national Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant PearlDiver database from 2010 to 2019. Patients were matched for age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Statistical analyses were implemented to assess Chi-squared, logistic regression, and odds ratio. Results The database query resulted in 70,027 patients in both the control and Crohn disease groups. The incidence of breast cancer was 4,087 in the control group compared to 654 in the Crohn disease group. The P value was < 2.2 × 10-16 and the odds ratio was 0.15 (95% confidence interval (CI)). Patients without Crohn disease had an increased prevalence of breast cancer throughout all age ranges compared to patients with Crohn disease. Additionally, patients without Crohn disease had higher rates of breast cancer throughout the four major regions of the United States. In terms of healthcare costs, patients with breast cancer and a history of Crohn disease paid $23.87 more per hospital visit compared to patients with breast cancer and no history of Crohn disease. Conclusions The results of this study indicate a statistically significant correlation between Crohn disease and a reduced incidence of breast cancer. This finding is true across all age groups and across the United States. Further study is required to investigate a possible mechanism between the pathophysiology of Crohn disease ultimately leading to reduced tumorigenesis in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina K. Patel
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Lexi Frankel
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Cardeiro
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Wade Hansen
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Omar M. Rashid
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- University of Miami Leonard M. School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Topline MD Alliance, FL, USA
- Memorial Health, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
- Delray Medical Center, Delray, FL, USA
- Complex General Surgical Oncology, General and Robotic Surgery, TopLine MD Alliance, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, USA
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Nash A, Creaney J. Genomic Landscape of Pleural Mesothelioma and Therapeutic Aftermaths. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:1515-1522. [PMID: 38015374 PMCID: PMC10728264 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this article, we provide a comprehensive analysis of recent progress in the genetic characterisation of pleural mesothelioma, and the translation of these findings to clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS Advancements in sequencing technology have allowed the identification of driver mutations and improved our understanding of how these mutations may shape the mesothelioma tumour microenvironment. However, the identification of frequently mutated regions including CDKN2A, BAP1 and NF2 have, to date, not yet yielded targeted therapy options that outperform standard chemo- and immunotherapies. Similarly, the association between mutational profile and the immune microenvironment or immunotherapy response is not well characterised. Further research into the link between tumour mutational profile and response to therapy is critical for identifying targetable vulnerabilities and stratifying patients for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Nash
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jenette Creaney
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia.
- Department for Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia.
- The University of Western Australia, Level 5, Harry Perkins Building, QQ Block, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun St., Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Li X, Bai Y, Feng K, Chu Z, Li H, Lin Z, Tian L. Therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic values of TRIM proteins in prostate cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1445-1453. [PMID: 37921966 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in men worldwide. The TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including antiviral immunity, apoptosis, and cancer progression. In recent years, several TRIM proteins have been found to play important roles in prostate cancer initiation and progression. TRIM proteins have indicated oncogenic activity in prostate cancer by enhancing androgen or estrogen receptor signaling and promoting cancer cell growth. Inhibition of TRIM proteins has been raised as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Overall, these studies suggest that TRIM family proteins exert tumor-promoting effects in prostate cancer, and targeting these proteins can provide a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer treatment. On the other hand, some TRIM proteins can be differentially expressed in prostate cancer cells compared to normal cells, thus providing novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yuzhuo Bai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zhendong Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Baishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baishan, 134300, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tonghua County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tonghua, 134100, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baishan, 134300, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Lung Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China.
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Cheng Z, Wang H, Yang Z, Li J, Chen X. LMP2 and TAP2 impair tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EMT in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1128. [PMID: 37986152 PMCID: PMC10662702 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of low molecular mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2) and transporter-associated with antigen processing (TAP2) in tumorigenesis are controversial. Here we aimed to explore the effect of LMP2 and TAP2 on the oncogenesis and metastasis of cervical cancer cells. METHODS The expressions of LMP2 and TAP2 in cervical cancer and normal tissues were determined by qPCR. Plate colony formation, cell counting kit-8 analysis and in vivo tumor xenograft assays were used to detect the tumor growth. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to detect the metastasis of cervical cancer. Gelatin zymography and western blotting assays were used to detect the effect of LMP2 and TAP2 on the EMT and Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cervical cancer cells. RESULTS In the present study, we reported that LMP2 and TAP2 levels were overexpressed in cervical cancer. Overexpression of LMP2 and TAP2 impaired the proliferation of Hela cells. In vivo studies substantiated that LMP2 and TAP2 antagonized tumor growth. Likewise, LMP2 and TAP2 overexpression decreased the migration and invasion ability of Hela cells by regulating the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanically, LMP2 and TAP2 subverted the protein abundance of Wnt1 and β-catenin, thereby downregulating their downstream targets Cyclin D1 and c-Myc. In addition, Wnt1 overexpression partially rescued the observed consequences of ectopic expression of LMP2 and TAP2 in cervical cancer cells. Taken together, our study revealed that LMP2 and TAP2 suppress the oncogenesis and metastasis of cervical cancer cells by Wnt/β-catenin pathway and altering EMT. CONCLUSION LMP2 and TAP2 may inhibit the oncogenesis and metastasis of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting the process of EMT and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which may provide important insight into prospective targets for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610101, China.
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Zewei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610101, China
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12
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Amato S, Ramsey J, Ahern TP, Rovnak J, Barlow J, Weaver D, Eyasu L, Singh R, Cintolo-Gonzalez J. Exploring the presence of bovine leukemia virus among breast cancer tumors in a rural state. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:325-334. [PMID: 37517027 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that causes malignant lymphoma and lymphosarcomas in cattle globally and has high prevalence among large scale U.S. dairy herds. Associations between presence of BLV DNA in human mammary tissue and human breast cancer incidence have been reported. We sought to estimate the prevalence of BLV DNA in breast cancer tissue samples in a rural state with an active dairy industry. METHODS We purified genomic DNA from 56 fresh-frozen breast cancer tissue samples (51 tumor samples, 5 samples representing adjacent normal breast tissue) banked between 2016 and 2019. Using nested PCR assays, multiple BLV tax sequence primers and primers for the long terminal repeat (LTR) were used to detect BLV DNA in tissue samples and known positive control samples, including the permanently infected fetal lamb kidney cell line (FLK-BLV) and blood from BLV positive cattle. RESULTS The median age of patients from which samples were obtained at the time of treatment was 60 (40-93) and all were female. Ninety percent of patients had invasive ductal carcinoma. The majority were poorly differentiated (60%). On PCR assay, none of the tumor samples tested positive for BLV DNA, despite having consistent signals in positive controls. CONCLUSION We did not find BLV DNA in fresh-frozen breast cancer tumors from patients presenting to a hospital in Vermont. Our findings suggest a low prevalence of BLV in our patient population and a need to reevaluate the association between BLV and human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stas Amato
- Department of General Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave., B227, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jon Ramsey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Thomas P Ahern
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave., B227, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Joel Rovnak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Donald Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lud Eyasu
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave., B227, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jessica Cintolo-Gonzalez
- Department of General Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave., B227, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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13
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Meng YF, Fan ZY, Zhou B, Zhan HX. Role of the intratumoral microbiome in tumor progression and therapeutics implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189014. [PMID: 37918451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are widely present in various organs of the human body and play important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Nevertheless, owing to multiple limiting factors, such as contamination and low biomass, the current understanding of the intratumoral microbiome is limited. The intratumoral microbiome exerts tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive effects by engaging in metabolic reactions within the body, regulating signaling cancer-related pathways, and impacting both host cells function and immune system. It is important to emphasize that intratumoral microbes exhibit substantial heterogeneity in terms of composition and abundance across various tumor types, thereby potentially influencing diverse aspects of tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. These findings suggest that intratumoral microbiome have great potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. By manipulating the intratumoral microbes to employ cancer therapy, the efficacy of chemotherapy or immunotherapy can be enhanced while minimizing adverse effects. In this review, we comprehensively describe the composition and function of the intratumoral microbiome in various human solid tumors. Combining recent advancements in research, we discuss the origins, mechanisms, and prospects of the clinical applications of intratumoral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Meng
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yao Fan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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14
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Jahankhani K, Ahangari F, Adcock IM, Mortaz E. Possible cancer-causing capacity of COVID-19: Is SARS-CoV-2 an oncogenic agent? Biochimie 2023; 213:130-138. [PMID: 37230238 PMCID: PMC10202899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown diverse life-threatening effects, most of which are considered short-term. In addition to its short-term effects, which has claimed many millions of lives since 2019, the long-term complications of this virus are still under investigation. Similar to many oncogenic viruses, it has been hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 employs various strategies to cause cancer in different organs. These include leveraging the renin angiotensin system, altering tumor suppressing pathways by means of its nonstructural proteins, and triggering inflammatory cascades by enhancing cytokine production in the form of a "cytokine storm" paving the way for the emergence of cancer stem cells in target organs. Since infection with SARS-CoV-2 occurs in several organs either directly or indirectly, it is expected that cancer stem cells may develop in multiple organs. Thus, we have reviewed the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the vulnerability and susceptibility of specific organs to cancer development. It is important to note that the cancer-related effects of SARS-CoV-2 proposed in this article are based on the ability of the virus and its proteins to cause cancer but that the long-term consequences of this infection will only be illustrated in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Jahankhani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahangari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Immune Health Program at Hunter Medical Research Institute and the College of Health and Medicine at the University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Sukmana BI, Al-Hawary SIS, Abosaooda M, Adile M, Gupta R, Saleh EAM, Alwaily ER, Alsaab HO, Sapaev IB, Mustafa YF. A thorough and current study of miR-214-related targets in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154770. [PMID: 37660658 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex genetic anomaly involving coding and non-coding transcript structural and expressive irregularities. A class of tiny non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding only to messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Due to their capacity to target numerous genes, miRNAs have the potential to play a significant role in the development of tumors by controlling several biological processes, including angiogenesis, drug resistance, metastasis, apoptosis, proliferation, and drug resistance. According to several recent studies, miRNA-214 has been linked to the emergence and spread of tumors. The human genome's q24.3 arm contains the DNM3 gene, which is about 6 kb away and includes the microRNA-214. Its primary purpose was the induction of apoptosis in cancerous cells. The multifaceted and complex functions of miR-214 as a modulator in neoplastic conditions have been outlined in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Indra Sukmana
- Departement of Oral Biology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Mohaned Adile
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, District-Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India.
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - I B Sapaev
- Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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16
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Zheng HC, Xue H, Sun HZ, Yun WJ, Cui ZG. The potential oncogenic effect of tissue-specific expression of JC polyoma T antigen in digestive epithelial cells. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:305-319. [PMID: 37247123 PMCID: PMC10409682 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
JC polyoma virus (JCPyV), a ubiquitous polyoma virus that commonly infects people, is identified as the etiologic factor for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and has been closely linked to various human cancers. Transgenic mice of CAG-loxp-Laz-loxp T antigen were established. T-antigen expression was specifically activated in gastroenterological target cells with a LacZ deletion using a cre-loxp system. Gastric poorly-differentiated carcinoma was observed in T antigen-activated mice using K19-cre (stem-like cells) and PGC-cre (chief cells), but not Atp4b-cre (parietal cells) or Capn8-cre (pit cells) mice. Spontaneous hepatocellular and colorectal cancers developed in Alb-cre (hepatocytes)/T antigen and villin-cre (intestinal cells)/T antigen transgenic mice respectively. Gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers were observed in PGC-cre/T antigen mice. Pancreatic insulinoma and ductal adenocarcinoma, gastric adenoma, and duodenal cancer were detected in Pdx1-cre/T antigen mice. Alternative splicing of T antigen mRNA occurred in all target organs of these transgenic mice. Our findings suggest that JCPyV T antigen might contribute to gastroenterological carcinogenesis with respect to cell specificity. Such spontaneous tumor models provide good tools for investigating the oncogenic roles of T antigen in cancers of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China.
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yun
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
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17
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Balducci E, Steimlé T, Smith C, Villarese P, Feroul M, Payet-Bornet D, Kaltenbach S, Couronné L, Lhermitte L, Touzart A, Dourthe ME, Simonin M, Baruchel A, Dombret H, Ifrah N, Boissel N, Nadel B, Macintyre E, Cieslak A, Asnafi V. TREC mediated oncogenesis in human immature T lymphoid malignancies preferentially involves ZFP36L2. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:108. [PMID: 37430263 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The reintegration of excised signal joints resulting from human V(D)J recombination was described as a potent source of genomic instability in human lymphoid cancers. However, such molecular events have not been recurrently reported in clinical patient lymphoma/leukemia samples. Using a specifically designed NGS-capture pipeline, we here demonstrated the reintegration of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in 20/1533 (1.3%) patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). Remarkably, the reintegration of TREC recurrently targeted the tumor suppressor gene, ZFP36L2, in 17/20 samples. Thus, our data identified a new and hardly detectable mechanism of gene deregulation in lymphoid cancers providing new insights in human oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Balducci
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Steimlé
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
- TAGC, UMR 1090, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Smith
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Patrick Villarese
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Feroul
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Kaltenbach
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Lucile Couronné
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lhermitte
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Aurore Touzart
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Emilie Dourthe
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Simonin
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - André Baruchel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, EA-3518, University Hospital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Université Paris Diderot, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, EA-3518, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Ifrah
- PRES LUNAM, CHU Angers Service Des Maladies du Sang, INSERM U 892, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Boissel
- Université Paris Diderot, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, EA-3518, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Agata Cieslak
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France.
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France.
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Cheng J, Li G, Wang W, Stovall DB, Sui G, Li D. Circular RNAs with protein-coding ability in oncogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188909. [PMID: 37172651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As ubiquitously expressed transcripts in eukaryotes, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed and lack a 5'-cap and 3'-polyadenylation (poly (A)) tail. Initially, circRNAs were considered non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and their roles as sponging molecules to adsorb microRNAs have been extensively reported. However, in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs could encode functional polypeptides through the initiation of translation mediated by internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) or N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In this review, we collectively discuss the biogenesis, cognate mRNA products, regulatory mechanisms, aberrant expression and biological phenotypes or clinical relevance of all currently reported, cancer-relevant protein-coding circRNAs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive overview of circRNA-encoded proteins and their physiological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenmeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Daniel B Stovall
- College of Arts and Sciences, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, United States
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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19
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An J, Jiang T, Qi L, Xie K. Acinar cells and the development of pancreatic fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:40-53. [PMID: 37291030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is caused by excessive deposition of extracellular matrixes of collagen and fibronectin in the pancreatic tissue as a result of repeated injury often seen in patients with chronic pancreatic diseases. The most common causative conditions include inborn errors of metabolism, chemical toxicity and autoimmune disorders. Its pathophysiology is highly complex, including acinar cell injury, acinar stress response, duct dysfunction, pancreatic stellate cell activation, and persistent inflammatory response. However, the specific mechanism remains to be fully clarified. Although the current therapeutic strategies targeting pancreatic stellate cells show good efficacy in cell culture and animal models, they are not satisfactory in the clinic. Without effective intervention, pancreatic fibrosis can promote the transformation from pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal malignancies. In the normal pancreas, the acinar component accounts for 82% of the exocrine tissue. Abnormal acinar cells may activate pancreatic stellate cells directly as cellular source of fibrosis or indirectly via releasing various substances and initiate pancreatic fibrosis. A comprehensive understanding of the role of acinar cells in pancreatic fibrosis is critical for designing effective intervention strategies. In this review, we focus on the role of and mechanisms underlying pancreatic acinar injury in pancreatic fibrosis and their potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong An
- SCUT-QMPH Joint Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China; Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ling Qi
- SCUT-QMPH Joint Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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20
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Murata T. Tegument proteins of Epstein-Barr virus: Diverse functions, complex networks, and oncogenesis. Tumour Virus Res 2023; 15:200260. [PMID: 37169175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2023.200260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tegument is the structure between the envelope and nucleocapsid of herpesvirus particles. Viral (and cellular) proteins accumulate to create the layers of the tegument. Some Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) tegument proteins are conserved widely in Herpesviridae, but others are shared only by members of the gamma-herpesvirus subfamily. As the interface to envelope and nucleocapsid, the tegument functions in virion morphogenesis and budding of the nucleocapsid during progeny production. When a virus particle enters a cell, enzymes such as kinase and deubiquitinase, and transcriptional activators are released from the virion to promote virus infection. Moreover, some EBV tegument proteins are involved in oncogenesis. Here, we summarize the roles of EBV tegument proteins, in comparison to those of other herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Murata
- Department of Virology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
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Chowdhury SR, Koley T, Singh M, Samath EA, Kaur P. Association of Hsp90 with p53 and Fizzy related homolog (Fzr) synchronizing Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C): An unexplored ally towards oncogenic pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188883. [PMID: 36972769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The intricate molecular interactions leading to the oncogenic pathway are the consequence of cell cycle modification controlled by a bunch of cell cycle regulatory proteins. The tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulatory proteins work in coordination to maintain a healthy cellular environment. The integrity of this cellular protein pool is perpetuated by heat shock proteins/chaperones, which assist in proper protein folding during normal and cellular stress conditions. Among these versatile groups of chaperone proteins, Hsp90 is one of the significant ATP-dependent chaperones that aid in stabilizing many tumor suppressors and cell cycle regulator protein targets. Recently, studies have revealed that in cancerous cell lines, Hsp90 stabilizes mutant p53, 'the guardian of the genome.' Hsp90 also has a significant impact on Fzr, an essential regulator of the cell cycle having an important role in the developmental process of various organisms, including Drosophila, yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, and plants. During cell cycle progression, p53 and Fzr coordinately regulate the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C) from metaphase to anaphase transition up to cell cycle exit. APC/C mediates proper centrosome function in the dividing cell. The centrosome acts as the microtubule organizing center for the correct segregation of the sister chromatids to ensure perfect cell division. This review examines the structure of Hsp90 and its co-chaperones, which work in synergy to stabilize proteins such as p53 and Fizzy-related homolog (Fzr) to synchronize the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C). Dysfunction of this process activates the oncogenic pathway leading to the development of cancer. Additionally, an overview of current drugs targeting Hsp90 at various phases of clinical trials has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghati Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tirthankar Koley
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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22
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Salle H, Durand S, Durand K, Bourthoumieu S, Lemnos L, Robert S, Pollet J, Passeri T, Khalil W, Froelich S, Adle-Biassette H, Labrousse F. Comparative analysis of histopathological parameters, genome-wide copy number alterations, and variants in genes involved in cell cycle regulation in chordomas of the skull base and sacrum. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:312-323. [PMID: 36779322 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare tumors of the axial skeleton that are refractory to conventional therapy. Few studies have compared the morphological and molecular characteristics of chordomas according to the skull base and sacral locations. Histopathological data and changes revealed by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cell cycle regulation genes were analyzed for 28 skull base (SBCs) and 15 sacral (SC) chordomas. All cases were conventional chordomas. SBCs were significantly more frequent in patients aged <40 years and SCs predominated in patients aged >60 years. Mitotic indices ≥2 mitoses/10 high-power fields were correlated with high degrees of nuclear atypia and Ki67 labeling indices ≥6%. We identified 321 genomic positions, and copy number variation losses were more frequent than gain. Moreover, we report a panel of 85 genetic variants of cell cycle genes and the presence of molecular clusters for chordoma as well in CGH as in NGS. These new data strengthen the view that the chordoma should not be considered as a single molecular entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Salle
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
- Inserm, CAPTuR (Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance; Thérapeutique), Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- Inserm, CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Karine Durand
- Inserm, CAPTuR (Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance; Thérapeutique), Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | | | - Leslie Lemnos
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Sandrine Robert
- Inserm, CAPTuR (Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance; Thérapeutique), Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Justine Pollet
- Plateforme Technique BISCEm US 42 INSERM/UMS 2015 CNRS, Limoges, France
| | - Thibault Passeri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Wassim Khalil
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Sébastien Froelich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service Anatomie Pathologique and Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - François Labrousse
- Inserm, CAPTuR (Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance; Thérapeutique), Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, Limoges, France
- Department of Pathology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
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23
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Niculescu VF. The evolutionary cancer gene network theory versus embryogenic hypotheses. Med Oncol 2023; 40:114. [PMID: 36892717 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The present paper compares the statements of the evolutionary cancer gene-network theory (cancer genome theory) with the statements of embryogenic hypotheses like the embryonic rest hypothesis, the very small embryonic-like stem cells hypothesis, (VSEL), the para-embryonic p-ESC hypothesis, and the PGCC-life cycle hypothesis, including the life code theory. In my opinion, the evolutionary gene network theory is the only theory that can satisfactorily explain the homologies between carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, gametogenesis, and early embryogenesis. From an evolutionary point of view, there is no reason to see the origin of cancer in cells of early embryonic life.
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Troadec MB, Porteu F, Arcangeli ML, Foudi A, Bluteau D, De Sepulveda P, Guillouf C, Mazure NM, Meggetto F, Brunet De La Grange P, Broccardo C. From normal hematopoiesis to malignancies: Highlights from the 2021 Meeting of the Club Hematopoiesis and Oncogenesis. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:331-335. [PMID: 36775700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This article highlights the presentations from the 2021 scientific meeting of the Club Hematopoiesis and Oncogenesis. This annual meeting focuses on hematopoiesis and oncogenic mechanisms. Various topics were presented: expansion of hematopoietic stem cells with in vivo and ex vivo strategies, the role of the hematopoietic stem cell niches in aging and leukemic resistance, the crossroad between hematology and immunology, the importance of the metabolism in normal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic defects, solid tumors and oncogenesis, the noncoding genome, inflammation in monocyte differentiation and leukemia, and importantly, the recent advances in myeloid malignancies, lymphoid leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Bérengère Troadec
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; CHRU Brest, Service de génétique, laboratoire de génétique chromosomique, Brest, France.
| | | | - Marie-Laure Arcangeli
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), C3M, INSERM U1065, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice cedex 03, France
| | - Adlen Foudi
- INSERM UMRS 935, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Dominique Bluteau
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Université PSL, INSERM UMR9019 CNRS/Paris Saclay/Institut Gustave Roussy/EPHE, Villejuif, France
| | - Paulo De Sepulveda
- CRCM, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), C3M, INSERM U1065, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice cedex 03, France
| | - Fabienne Meggetto
- CRCT, INSERM UMR 1037, CNRS UMR 5071, Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cyril Broccardo
- CRCT, INSERM UMR 1037, CNRS UMR 5071, Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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25
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Wu L, Yan X, Sun R, Ma Y, Yao W, Gao B, Zhang Q, You J, Wang H, Han Q, Sun X. Sirt3 restricts tumor initiation via promoting LONP1 deacetylation and K63 ubiquitination. J Transl Med 2023; 21:81. [PMID: 36739437 PMCID: PMC9899405 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is a controversial regulator of carcinogenesis. It residents in the mitochondria and gradually decays during aging. In this study, we tried to investigate the role of Sirt3 in carcinogenesis and to explore its involvement in metabolic alteration. METHODS We generated conditional intestinal epithelium Sirt3-knockout mice by crossing ApcMin/+; Villin-Cre with Sirt3fl/fl (AVS) mice. The deacetylation site of Lon protease-1 (LONP1) was identified with Mass spectrometry. The metabolic flux phenotype was determined by Seahorse bioanalyzer. RESULTS We found that intestinal epithelial cell-specific ablation of Sirt3 promotes primary tumor growth via stabilizing mitochondrial LONP1. Notably, we newly identified that Sirt3 deacetylates human oncogene LONP1 at N terminal residue lysine 145 (K145). The LONP1 hyperacetylation-mutant K145Q enhances oxidative phosphorylation to accelerate tumor growth, whereas the deacetylation-mutant K145R produces calorie-restriction like phenotype to restrain tumorigenesis. Sirt3 deacetylates LONP1 at K145 and subsequently facilitates the ESCRT0 complex sorting and K63-ubiquitination that resulted in the degradation of LONP1. Our results sustain the notion that Sirt3 is a tumor-suppressor to maintain the appropriate ubiquitination and degradation of oncogene LONP1. CONCLUSION Sirt3 represents a targetable metabolic checkpoint of oncogenesis, which produces energy restriction effects via maintaining LONP1 K145 deacetylation and subsequent K63 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Xinyi Yan
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Ruibo Sun
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Ye Ma
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Wanyu Yao
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Baogui Gao
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Junxiong You
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Hao Wang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Qinrui Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuegang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujing Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
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26
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Upadhyay A, Pal D, Kumar A. Substantial relation between the bacterial biofilm and oncogenesis progression in host. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105966. [PMID: 36592641 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, bacteria are well-known microorganisms for bacterial biofilm infection. Bacterial biofilm has generated antibiotic resistance and led the persistent infection. But new complications arise with a biofilm that bacterial biofilm shows the new association with oncogenesis. Some bacteria have a carcinogenic nature at the chronic infection stage like Salmonella Typhi, Helicobacter pylori. Thus, biofilm has a significant role in oncogenesis. Few pieces of evidence also support that the bacterial biofilm has a potential role to develop oncogenesis in the human body. Bacterial biofilm is responsible to induce chronic inflammation and is the main basis for the oncogenesis process. But bacterial biofilm association with the oncogenesis mechanism is unknown yet. This article focuses on the function of bacterial biofilm in tumor formation and the mechanism that encourages the oncogenesis and provide a possible and interesting hypothesis involved in between biofilm and host oncogenesis progression. The discussed relationship will provide a sound direction in the field of oncology and concept may give an informative direction in diagnosis and treatment. Bacterial biofilm behavior could be significantly linked with cancer cell formation. This article attracts the attention of researchers of the field because biofilm mediated oncogenesis further indicate towards an important issue in human health.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Head and neck tumors (HNC) rank sixth among cancers worldwide. Due to their late diagnosis and poor prognosis, they are a clinical challenge. However, recent years have seen a dynamic development of science on the microbiome. The aim of the study is to discuss the role of the microbiome in HNC, the impact of the microbiome on oncogenesis, the course of the disease, as well as on treatment, and its toxicity. RECENT FINDINGS The microbiome's influence on oncogenesis, the course of the disease, and the effectiveness of oncological treatment have been confirmed in cancers of the colon, pancreas, lungs, and prostate. There is no solid literature on HNC. Many studies indicate disruption of the oral microbiome and periodontal disease as potential cancer risk factors. Disruption of the microbiome increases radiotherapy's toxicity, intensifying radiation reactions. The microbiome plays an important role in cancer. It is a new target in research into new therapies. It may also be a prognostic marker of cancer development. Changes in the composition of the microbiome modulate the effectiveness of oncological treatment. More research is needed on the microbiome and its effects on HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dorobisz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Dorobisz
- Department of Vascular and General Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Zatoński
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
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28
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Iizasa H, Kartika AV, Fekadu S, Okada S, Onomura D, Wadi AFAA, Khatun MM, Moe TM, Nishikawa J, Yoshiyama H. Development of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer: Infection, inflammation, and oncogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6249-6257. [PMID: 36504553 PMCID: PMC9730441 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i44.6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) cells originate from a single-cell clone infected with EBV. However, more than 95% of patients with gastric cancer have a history of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and H. pylori is a major causative agent of gastric cancer. Therefore, it has long been argued that H. pylori infection may affect the development of EBVaGC, a subtype of gastric cancer. Atrophic gastrointestinal inflammation, a symptom of H. pylori infection, is observed in the gastric mucosa of EBVaGC. Therefore, it remains unclear whether H. pylori infection is a cofactor for gastric carcinogenesis caused by EBV infection or whether H. pylori and EBV infections act independently on gastric cancer formation. It has been reported that EBV infection assists in the onco-genesis of gastric cancer caused by H. pylori infection. In contrast, several studies have reported that H. pylori infection accelerates tumorigenesis initiated by EBV infection. By reviewing both clinical epidemiological and experimental data, we reorganized the role of H. pylori and EBV infections in gastric cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Iizasa
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
| | - Andy Visi Kartika
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Muslim University of Indonesia, Makassar 90231, Indonesia
| | - Sintayehu Fekadu
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa 1560, Ethiopia
| | - Shunpei Okada
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
| | - Daichi Onomura
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
| | | | - Mosammat Mahmuda Khatun
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
| | - Thin Myat Moe
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
| | - Jun Nishikawa
- Faculty of Laboratory Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
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Abstract
Until recently, bacteria have been studied in terms of their roles in infectious diseases and mainly by using isolation and culture methods. However, in practice, many bacteria existing on the earth are difficult to isolate and culture, and thus only a limited number of them have been studied to date. On the other hand, in 2005, the next-generation sequencing technology became generally available, and since then genomic analysis of bacterial flora has become widespread. As a result, it has been revealed that the lower respiratory tract, which was previously thought to be sterile, in fact has bacterial flora (a microbiome) with a high level of biodiversity. In addition, it has been found that various diseases develop and worsen depending on the balance of the bacterial flora, and in recent years, a relationship has been established between various disorders. Recent research on cancer-associated microbial communities has elucidated the reciprocal interactions among bacteria, tumors and immune cells, the bacterial pathways associated with induction of oncogenesis, and their translational significance. Nevertheless, despite the increasing evidence showing that dysbiosis is associated with lung oncogenesis, the detailed mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Microorganisms seem to trigger tumor initiation and progression, presumably through the production of bacterio-toxins and other pro-inflammatory factors. The purpose of this review is to present a context for the basic mechanisms and molecular functions of the airway microbiome in oncogenesis, in an effort to prevent cancer by strategies utilizing the airway microbiota, as well as summarizing the mechanisms wherein the microbiome acts as a modulator of immunotherapies in lung cancer.
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Gilyazova I, Ivanova E, Sinelnikov M, Pavlov V, Khusnutdinova E, Gareev I, Beilerli A, Mikhaleva L, Liang Y. The potential of miR-153 as aggressive prostate cancer biomarker. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 8:53-59. [PMID: 36329790 PMCID: PMC9626891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in males. MiR-153, as a member of the microRNA (miRNA) family, plays an important role in PC. This study aims to explore the expression and possible molecular mechanisms of the miR-153 action. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were collected from prostatectomy specimens of 29 metastatic and 32 initial stage PC patients. Expression levels of miR-153 were measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 2-ΔΔCT method was used for quantitative gene expression assessment. The candidate target genes for miR-153 were predicted by TargetScan. Mutations in target genes of miR-153 were identified using exome sequencing. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of miR-153 in PC. RESULTS MiR-153 was significantly up-regulated in PC tissues compared to non-cancerous tissues. The analysis of correlation between the expression level of miR-153 and clinicopathological factors revealed a statistically significant correlation with the stage of the tumor process according to tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system (p = 0.0256). ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of miR-153 for metastasis development and it revealed miR-153 as a potential prognostic marker (AUC = 0.85; 95%CI 0.75-0.95; sensitivity = 0.72, specificity = 0.86)). According to logistic regression model the high expression of miR-153 increased the risk of metastasis development (odds ratios = 3.14, 95% CI 1.62-8.49; p-value = 0.006). Whole exome sequencing revealed nonsynonymous somatic mutations in collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1), collagen type IV alpha 3 (COL4A3), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 1 (HACL1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1A), and nidogen 2 (NID2) genes. Moreover, KEGG analysis revealed that the extracellular matrix-receptor (ECM-receptor) interaction pathway is mainly involved in PC. CONCLUSION MiR-153 is up-regulated in PC tissues and may play an important role in aggressive PC by targeting potential target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gilyazova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia,Corresponding author.
| | - Elizaveta Ivanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia
| | - Mikhail Sinelnikov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Bashkir State Medical University, 450008, Ufa, Russia
| | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ludmila Mikhaleva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yanchao Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
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Mukhametov U, Lyulin S, Borzunov D, Sufianova G, Shumadalova A, Zhang D, Gareev I. Functions of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway through non-coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:178-83. [PMID: 35892126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are proteins of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, which plays an important role in the formation of skeletal and cartilage tissue and their regeneration. BMPs play a key role in the formation of new blood vessels and promote the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondroblasts and osteoblasts. It is known that malfunction of BMPs signaling can cause a disease state. Epigenetic regulation of expression plays a key role in the control of many cellular processes. Important participants in this regulation are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. The best known of these are microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). In addition, the results of many studies make it possible to establish an unambiguous functional relationship between these ncRNAs. Being involved in the regulation of a large number of target genes responsible for the life of the cell, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs are essential for the normal development and functioning of the body, and the violation of their functions accompanies the development of many pathophysiological processes including oncogenesis. In the present review, we discuss different insights into the regulation of BMPs signaling pathway by miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs governed.
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Hanna A, Nixon MJ, Estrada MV, Sanchez V, Sheng Q, Opalenik SR, Toren AL, Bauer J, Owens P, Mason FM, Cook RS, Sanders ME, Arteaga CL, Balko JM. Combined Dusp4 and p53 loss with Dbf4 amplification drives tumorigenesis via cell cycle restriction and replication stress escape in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:51. [PMID: 35850776 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM Deregulated signaling pathways are a hallmark feature of oncogenesis and driver of tumor progression. Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. METHODS Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4-deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. RESULTS We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4, a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape.
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Sexton RE, Uddin MH, Bannoura S, Khan HY, Mzannar Y, Li Y, Aboukameel A, Al-Hallak MN, Al-Share B, Mohamed A, Nagasaka M, El-Rayes B, Azmi AS. Connecting the Human Microbiome and Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:317-331. [PMID: 35366155 PMCID: PMC8976105 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is increasing in incidence throughout the world. There are no clear causal factors associated with the incidence of pancreatic cancer; however, some correlation to smoking, diabetes and alcohol has been described. Recently, a few studies have linked the human microbiome (oral and gastrointestinal tract) to pancreatic cancer development. A perturbed microbiome has been shown to alter normal cells while promoting cancer-related processes such as increased cell signaling, immune system evasion and invasion. In this article, we will review in detail the alterations within the gut and oral microbiome that have been linked to pancreatic cancer and explore the ability of other microbiomes, such as the lung and skin microbiome, to contribute to disease development. Understanding ways to identify a perturbed microbiome can result in advancements in pancreatic cancer research and allow for prevention, earlier detection and alternative treatment strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Sexton
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Md Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sahar Bannoura
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yousef Mzannar
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mohammad Najeeb Al-Hallak
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bayan Al-Share
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Amr Mohamed
- UH Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Misako Nagasaka
- University of California, Irvine, UCI Health Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA, Irvine, USA
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, AL, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Liatsos C, Papaefthymiou A, Kyriakos N, Galanopoulos M, Doulberis M, Giakoumis M, Petridou E, Mavrogiannis C, Rokkas T, Kountouras J. Helicobacter pylori, gastric microbiota and gastric cancer relationship: Unrolling the tangle. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:959-972. [PMID: 35646287 PMCID: PMC9124990 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i5.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp-I) represents a typical microbial agent intervening in the complex mechanisms of gastric homeostasis by disturbing the balance between the host gastric microbiota and mucosa-related factors, leading to inflammatory changes, dysbiosis and eventually gastric cancer. The normal gastric microbiota shows diversity, with Proteobacteria [Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) belongs to this family], Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides and Fusobacteria being the most abundant phyla. Most studies indicate that H. pylori has inhibitory effects on the colonization of other bacteria, harboring a lower diversity of them in the stomach. When comparing the healthy with the diseased stomach, there is a change in the composition of the gastric microbiome with increasing abundance of H. pylori (where present) in the gastritis stage, while as the gastric carcinogenesis cascade progresses to gastric cancer, the oral and intestinal-type pathogenic microbial strains predominate. Hp-I creates a premalignant environment of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and the subsequent alteration in gastric microbiota seems to play a crucial role in gastric tumorigenesis itself. Successful H. pylori eradication is suggested to restore gastric microbiota, at least in primary stages. It is more than clear that Hp-I, gastric microbiota and gastric cancer constitute a challenging tangle and the strong interaction between them makes it difficult to unroll. Future studies are considered of crucial importance to test the complex interaction on the modulation of the gastric microbiota by H. pylori as well as on the relationships between the gastric microbiota and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41336, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kyriakos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Michail Galanopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau 1234, Switzerland
| | - Marios Giakoumis
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Evangelia Petridou
- Department of Microbiology, “Agia Sofia” Paediatric Hospital, Goudi, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christos Mavrogiannis
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Faculty of Nursing, Kifissia General and Oncology Hospital, Kaliftaki, N.Kifisia 14564, Greece
| | - Theodore Rokkas
- Gastroenterological Clinic, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 41336, Macedonia, Greece
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Shafi O, Siddiqui G. Tracing the origins of glioblastoma by investigating the role of gliogenic and related neurogenic genes/signaling pathways in GBM development: a systematic review. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:146. [PMID: 35538578 PMCID: PMC9087910 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumors. The etiology and the factors determining its onset are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the origins of GBM, and for this purpose, it focuses primarily on developmental gliogenic processes. It also focuses on the impact of the related neurogenic developmental processes in glioblastoma oncogenesis. It also addresses why glial cells are at more risk of tumor development compared to neurons. Methods Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving glioblastoma, gliogenesis, neurogenesis, stemness, neural stem cells, gliogenic signaling and pathways, neurogenic signaling and pathways, and astrocytogenic genes. Results The origin of GBM is dependent on dysregulation in multiple genes and pathways that accumulatively converge the cells towards oncogenesis. There are multiple layers of steps in glioblastoma oncogenesis including the failure of cell fate-specific genes to keep the cells differentiated in their specific cell types such as p300, BMP, HOPX, and NRSF/REST. There are genes and signaling pathways that are involved in differentiation and also contribute to GBM such as FGFR3, JAK-STAT, and hey1. The genes that contribute to differentiation processes but also contribute to stemness in GBM include notch, Sox9, Sox4, c-myc gene overrides p300, and then GFAP, leading to upregulation of nestin, SHH, NF-κB, and others. GBM mutations pathologically impact the cell circuitry such as the interaction between Sox2 and JAK-STAT pathway, resulting in GBM development and progression. Conclusion Glioblastoma originates when the gene expression of key gliogenic genes and signaling pathways become dysregulated. This study identifies key gliogenic genes having the ability to control oncogenesis in glioblastoma cells, including p300, BMP, PAX6, HOPX, NRSF/REST, LIF, and TGF beta. It also identifies key neurogenic genes having the ability to control oncogenesis including PAX6, neurogenins including Ngn1, NeuroD1, NeuroD4, Numb, NKX6-1 Ebf, Myt1, and ASCL1. This study also postulates how aging contributes to the onset of glioblastoma by dysregulating the gene expression of NF-κB, REST/NRSF, ERK, AKT, EGFR, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazia Siddiqui
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Werner RL, Nekritz EA, Yan KK, Ju B, Shaner B, Easton J, Yu PJ, Silva J. Single-cell analysis reveals Comma-1D as a unique cell model for mammary gland development and breast cancer. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275228. [PMID: 35502723 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary epithelial tree contains two distinct populations, luminal and basal. The investigation of how this heterogeneity is developed and how it influences tumorigenesis has been hampered by the need to perform these studies using animal models. Comma-1D is an immortalized mouse mammary epithelial cell line that has unique morphogenetic properties. By performing single-cell RNA-seq studies we found that Comma-1D cultures consist of two main populations with luminal and basal features and a smaller population with mixed lineage and bipotent characteristics. We demonstrated that multiple transcription factors associated with the differentiation of the mammary epithelium in vivo also modulate this process in Comma-1D cultures. Additionally, we found that only cells with luminal features were able to acquire transformed characteristics after an oncogenic HER2 mutant was introduced in their genomes. Overall, our studies characterize at a single-cell level the heterogeneity of the Comma-1D cell line and illustrate how Comma-1D cells can be used as an experimental model to study both the differentiation and the transformation processes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Werner
- Graduate School, Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin A Nekritz
- Graduate School, Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koon-Kiu Yan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bensheng Ju
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bridget Shaner
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Partha Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jose Silva
- Graduate School, Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Li XM, Wu HL, Xia QD, Zhou P, Wang SG, Yu X, Hu J. Novel insights into the SPOP E3 ubiquitin ligase: From the regulation of molecular mechanisms to tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112882. [PMID: 35364375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is the primary biological process by which protein abundance is regulated and protein homeostasis is maintained in eukaryotic cells. Speckle-type pox virus and zinc finger (POZ) protein (SPOP) is a typical substrate adaptor of the Cullin 3-RING ligase (CRL3) family; it serves as a bridge between the Cullin 3 (Cul3) scaffold protein and its substrates. In recent years, SPOP has received increasing attention because of its versatility in its regulatory pathways and the diversity of tumor types involved. Mechanistically, SPOP substrates are involved in a wide range of biological processes, and abnormalities in SPOP function perturb downstream biological processes and promote tumorigenesis. Additionally, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a potential mechanism of membraneless organelle formation, was recently found to mediate the self-triggered colocalization of substrates with higher-order oligomers of SPOP. Herein, we summarize the structure of SPOP and the specific mechanisms by which it mediates the efficient ubiquitination of substrates. Additionally, we review the biological functions of SPOP, the regulation of SPOP expression, the role of SPOP in tumorigenesis and its therapeutic value.
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Sangeeta K, Yenugu S. Ablation of the sperm-associated antigen 11A (SPAG11A) protein by active immunization promotes epididymal oncogenesis in the rat. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:115-128. [PMID: 35438340 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of cancer in the epididymis is very rare. It is proposed that proteins specific to this organ may contribute to this unique property. We previously demonstrated that siRNA-mediated knockdown of SPAG11A mRNA resulted in increased proliferation of epididymal epithelial cells, whereas overexpression of this gene caused reduced proliferation in immortalized cell lines. In this study, we evaluated the oncogenesis-related anatomical and transcriptome changes in the epididymis of SPAG11A-immunized rats challenged with a low dose of diethyl nitrosamine (DEN). DEN treatment or SPAG11A immunization alone did not cause any histopathological changes in the epididymis. Interestingly, indications of oncogenesis were observed in SPAG11A-immunized + DEN-treated rats. Using high throughput sequencing, we observed that 3549 transcripts that were differentially expressed in the caput epididymis of DEN only-treated rats displayed similar differential expression in the caput epididymis of SPAG11A-immunized rats, indicating that the microenvironment that contributes to oncogenesis sets in when SPAG11A protein is ablated. Differential expression of genes that are involved in 10 major cancer related pathways was also analyzed. Majority of the genes related to these pathways that were differentially expressed in the caput epididymis of DEN only-treated rats also showed similar pattern in the caput epididymis of SPAG11A-immunized rats. For the first time, results of our study demonstrate that ablation of SPAG11A by active immunization renders the epididymis susceptible to oncogenesis and that this protein may be one of the factors that contributes to the rarity of epididymal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sangeeta
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad - 500046, India
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad - 500046, India.
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Runde AP, Mack R, S J PB, Zhang J. The role of TBK1 in cancer pathogenesis and anticancer immunity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:135. [PMID: 35395857 PMCID: PMC8994244 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the non-canonical inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) family. TBK1 can be activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), inflammatory cytokines, and oncogenic kinases, including activated K-RAS/N-RAS mutants. TBK1 primarily mediates IRF3/7 activation and NF-κB signaling to regulate inflammatory cytokine production and the activation of innate immunity. TBK1 is also involved in the regulation of several other cellular activities, including autophagy, mitochondrial metabolism, and cellular proliferation. Although TBK1 mutations have not been reported in human cancers, aberrant TBK1 activation has been implicated in the oncogenesis of several types of cancer, including leukemia and solid tumors with KRAS-activating mutations. As such, TBK1 has been proposed to be a feasible target for pharmacological treatment of these types of cancer. Studies suggest that TBK1 inhibition suppresses cancer development not only by directly suppressing the proliferation and survival of cancer cells but also by activating antitumor T-cell immunity. Several small molecule inhibitors of TBK1 have been identified and interrogated. However, to this point, only momelotinib (MMB)/CYT387 has been evaluated as a cancer therapy in clinical trials, while amlexanox (AMX) has been evaluated clinically for treatment of type II diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. In this review, we summarize advances in research into TBK1 signaling pathways and regulation, as well as recent studies on TBK1 in cancer pathogenesis. We also discuss the potential molecular mechanisms of targeting TBK1 for cancer treatment. We hope that our effort can help to stimulate the development of novel strategies for targeting TBK1 signaling in future approaches to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Runde
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ryan Mack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin S J
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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Reece AS, Hulse GK. Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003-2017: part 2 - categorical bivariate analysis and attributable fractions. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:100. [PMID: 35354495 PMCID: PMC8969377 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the cannabis-cancer relationship remains an important open question epidemiological investigation is warranted to calculate key metrics including Rate Ratios (RR), Attributable Fractions in the Exposed (AFE) and Population Attributable Risks (PAR) to directly compare the implicated case burden between emerging cannabinoids and the established carcinogen tobacco. METHODS SEER*Stat software from Centres for Disease Control was used to access age-standardized state census incidence of 28 cancer types (including "All (non-skin) Cancer") from National Cancer Institute in US states 2001-2017. Drug exposures taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health 2003-2017, response rate 74.1%. Federal seizure data provided cannabinoid exposure. US Census Bureau furnished income and ethnicity. Exposure dichotomized as highest v. lowest exposure quintiles. Data processed in R. RESULTS Nineteen thousand eight hundred seventy-seven age-standardized cancer rates were returned. Based on these rates and state populations this equated to 51,623,922 cancer cases over an aggregated population 2003-2017 of 124,896,418,350. Fifteen cancers displayed elevated E-Values in the highest compared to the lowest quintiles of cannabidiol exposure, namely (in order): prostate, melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, ovarian, bladder, colorectal, stomach, Hodgkins, esophagus, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, All cancer, brain, lung, CLL and breast. Eleven cancers were elevated in the highest THC exposure quintile: melanoma, thyroid, liver, AML, ALL, pancreas, myeloma, CML, breast, oropharynx and stomach. Twelve cancers were elevated in the highest tobacco quintile confirming extant knowledge and study methodology. For cannabidiol RR declined from 1.397 (95%C.I. 1.392, 1.402), AFE declined from 28.40% (28.14, 28.66%), PAR declined from 15.3% (15.1, 15.5%) and minimum E-Values declined from 2.13. For THC RR declined from 2.166 (95%C.I. 2.153, 2.180), AFE declined from 53.8% (53.5, 54.1%); PAR declined from 36.1% (35.9, 36.4%) and minimum E-Values declined from 3.72. For tobacco, THC and cannabidiol based on AFE this implies an excess of 93,860, 91,677 and 48,510 cases; based on PAR data imply an excess of 36,450, 55,780 and 14,819 cases. CONCLUSION Data implicate 23/28 cancers as being linked with THC or cannabidiol exposure with epidemiologically-causal relationships comparable to those for tobacco. AFE-attributable cases for cannabinoids (91,677 and 48,510) compare with PAR-attributable cases for tobacco (36,450). Cannabinoids constitute an important multivalent community carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia. .,, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
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Reece AS, Hulse GK. Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003-2017: part 1 - continuous bivariate analysis. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:99. [PMID: 35354487 PMCID: PMC8966217 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genotoxic and cancerogenic impacts of population-wide cannabinoid exposure remains an open but highly salient question. The present report examines these issues from a continuous bivariate perspective with subsequent reports continuing categorical and detailed analyses. Methods Age-standardized state census incidence of 28 cancer types (including “All (non-skin) Cancer”) was sourced using SEER*Stat software from Centres for Disease Control and National Cancer Institute across US states 2001–2017. It was joined with drug exposure data from the nationally representative National Survey of Drug Use and Health conducted annually by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2003–2017, response rate 74.1%. Cannabinoid data was from Federal seizure data. Income and ethnicity data sourced from the US Census Bureau. Data was processed in R. Results Nineteen thousand eight hundred seventy-seven age-standardized cancer rates were returned. Based on these rates and state populations this equated to 51,623,922 cancer cases over an aggregated population 2003–2017 of 124,896,418,350. Regression lines were charted for cancer-substance exposures for cigarettes, alcohol use disorder (AUD), cannabis, THC, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabinol and cannabigerol. In this substance series positive trends were found for 14, 9, 6, 9, 12, 6, 9 and 7 cancers; with largest minimum E-Values (mEV) of 1.76 × 109, 4.67 × 108, 2.74 × 104, 4.72, 2.34 × 1018, 2.74 × 1017, 1.90 × 107, 5.05 × 109; and total sum of exponents of mEV of 34, 32, 13, 0, 103, 58, 25, 31 indicating that cannabidiol followed by cannabichromene are the most strongly implicated in environmental carcinogenesis. Breast cancer was associated with tobacco and all cannabinoids (from mEV = 3.53 × 109); “All Cancer” (non-skin) linked with cannabidiol (mEV = 1.43 × 1011); pediatric AML linked with cannabis (mEV = 19.61); testicular cancer linked with THC (mEV = 1.33). Cancers demonstrating elevated mEV in association with THC were: thyroid, liver, pancreas, AML, breast, oropharynx, CML, testis and kidney. Cancers demonstrating elevated mEV in relation to cannabidiol: prostate, bladder, ovary, all cancers, colorectum, Hodgkins, brain, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, esophagus, breast and stomach. Conclusion Data suggest that cannabinoids including THC and cannabidiol are important community carcinogens exceeding the effects of tobacco or alcohol. Testicular, (prostatic) and ovarian tumours indicate mutagenic corruption of the germline in both sexes; pediatric tumourigenesis confirms transgenerational oncogenesis; quantitative criteria implying causality are fulfilled. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00811-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia. .,, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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Reece AS, Hulse GK. Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003-2017: part 3 - spatiotemporal, multivariable and causal inferential pathfinding and exploratory analyses of prostate and ovarian cancers. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:101. [PMID: 35354499 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The epidemiology of cannabinoid-related cancerogenesis has not been studied with cutting edge epidemiological techniques. Building on earlier bivariate papers in this series we aimed to conduct pathfinding studies to address this gap in two tumours of the reproductive tract, prostate and ovarian cancer. Methods Age-standardized cancer incidence data for 28 tumour types (including “All (non-skin) Cancer”) was sourced from Centres for Disease Control and National Cancer Institute using SEER*Stat software across US states 2001–2017. Drug exposure was sourced from the nationally representative household survey National Survey of Drug Use and Health conducted annually by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2003–2017 with response rate 74.1%. Federal seizure data provided cannabinoid concentration data. US Census Bureau provided income and ethnicity data. Inverse probability weighted mixed effects, robust and panel regression together with geospatiotemporal regression analyses were conducted in R. E-Values were also calculated. Results 19,877 age-standardized cancer rates were returned. Based on these rates and state populations this equated to 51,623,922 cancer cases over an aggregated population 2003–2017 of 124,896,418,350. Inverse probability weighted regressions for prostate and ovarian cancers confirmed causal associations robust to adjustment. Cannabidiol alone was significantly associated with prostate cancer (β-estimate = 1.61, (95%C.I. 0.99, 2.23), P = 3.75 × 10− 7). In a fully adjusted geospatiotemporal model at one spatial and two temporal years lags cannabidiol was significantly independently associated with prostate cancer (β-estimate = 2.08, (1.19, 2.98), P = 5.20 × 10− 6). Cannabidiol alone was positively associated with ovarian cancer incidence in a geospatiotemporal model (β-estimate = 0.36, (0.30, 0.42), P < 2.20 × 10− 16). The cigarette: THC: cannabidiol interaction was significant in a fully adjusted geospatiotemporal model at six years of temporal lag (β-estimate = 1.93, (1.07, 2.78), P = 9.96 × 10− 6). Minimal modelled polynomial E-Values for prostate and ovarian cancer ranged up to 5.59 × 1059 and 1.92 × 10125. Geotemporospatial modelling of these tumours showed that the cannabidiol-carcinogenesis relationship was supra-linear and highly sigmoidal (P = 1.25 × 10− 45 and 12.82 × 10− 52 for linear v. polynomial models). Conclusion Cannabinoids including THC and cannabidiol are therefore important community carcinogens additive to the effects of tobacco and greatly exceeding those of alcohol. Reproductive tract carcinogenesis necessarily implies genotoxicity and epigenotoxicity of the germ line with transgenerational potential. Pseudoexponential and causal dose-response power functions are demonstrated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00813-6.
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Su Y, Zheng Q, Zhu L, Gu X, Lu J, Li L. Functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-650 in human cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:132. [PMID: 35331235 PMCID: PMC8944108 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one type of noncoding RNAs that interfere with mRNA translation to downregulate gene expression, which results in posttranscriptional gene silencing. Over the past two decades, miRNAs have been widely reported to impact the progression of malignant tumours by interfering with cancer initiation and progression; therefore, miRNAs represent potential new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. miR-650 is a newly identified miR, and increasing studies have demonstrated that miR-650 plays critical roles in cancer progression, such as mediating the Wnt signalling pathway/AXIN1 (axis inhibition protein 1) axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, associations between the expression patterns and molecular mechanisms of miR-650 in cancer have not been comprehensively described. In this article, we review the existing evidence regarding the mechanisms by which miR-650 expression is altered and their relation to cancer. Moreover, the promising clinical application of miR-650 for diagnosis and treatment is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Cass SH, Ajami NJ, White MG. The Microbiome: the Link to Colorectal Cancer and Research Opportunities. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:631-644. [PMID: 35254596 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT In recent years, we have seen an increase in the study and interest of the role of the microbiome in the development of malignancies, their progression, and evasion of therapies. This has been particularly fruitful in the case of colorectal cancer; multiple investigators have described correlative observations as well as hypotheses strengthened in preclinical studies that have begun to elucidate the critical role the gut and tumoral microbiome plays in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, these landmark studies lay the groundwork in describing the microbiome's role in carcinogenesis and provide a rich field of future study. Here, we review contemporary understandings of these observations and proposed mechanisms behind them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Cass
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1484 PO Box 301402, Houston, TX, 77230, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Program for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael G White
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1484 PO Box 301402, Houston, TX, 77230, USA. .,Department of Colon and Rectal Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Sun H, Zhang H, Yan Y, Li Y, Che G, Zhou C, Nicot C, Ma H. NCAPG promotes the oncogenesis and progression of non-small cell lung cancer cells through upregulating LGALS1 expression. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:55. [PMID: 35180865 PMCID: PMC8855584 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous common oncogenic driver events have been confirmed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although targeted therapy has revolutionized NSCLC treatment, some patients still do not respond. NCAPG, also known as non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G, was positively associated with proliferation and migration in several tumor types. METHODS We used transcriptional sequencing and TCGA database analysis to identify NCAPG as a new therapeutic target for NSCLC. The oncogenic roles of NCAPG in NSCLC tumor growth and metastasis were detected in vitro and in vivo. Ncapg+/+ or Ncapg+/- mice with urethane treatment were analyzed for oncogenesis of NSCLC. RESULTS We investigated NCAPG as a new oncogenic driver which promoted NSCLC tumorigenesis and progression. We used transcriptome sequencing and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database analysis to screen and found that NCAPG was negatively correlated with NSCLC survival. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that NCAPG overexpression was an independent risk factor for NSCLC survival. Functionally, NCAPG knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. We exposed wildtype or Ncapg+/- mice to urethane and discovered that urethane-induced lung tumors were reduced in Ncapg+/- mice. Mechanistically, the function of NCAPG in promoting initiation and progression of NSCLC was closely related to LGALS1, which was also upregulated in NSCLC and might interact directly with NCAPG. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that NCAPG is one of the essential factors for NSCLC oncogenesis and progression, providing a new target for prognosis prediction and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sun
- grid.410643.4Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- grid.410643.4Department of Oncology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yushi Li
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Gang Che
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Cuiling Zhou
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Christophe Nicot
- grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Haiqing Ma
- grid.410643.4Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China ,grid.410643.4Department of Oncology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Nakano H, Miyamoto T, Janjigian YY, Mine S, Mitsuya H, Ueno NT, Sharon E, Sakai S, Timmer WC, Nakabo S, Ikeuchi T, Fujiwara S, Kinjo M, Inuzuka T, Kume H, Shirai K, Yamaguchi N, Takabe K, Takebe N. Advances in Oncology in US and Japan: Focusing on Cancer and Infectious Diseases. World J Oncol 2022; 12:183-194. [PMID: 35059078 PMCID: PMC8734503 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a review article based on the international symposium report of the "US-Japan Conference on Advances in Oncology: Cancer and Infectious Diseases" held online on June 25, 2021, which provided an update on the association between oncology and infectious disease research from cutting-edge basic science to high-impact clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Nakano
- Translational Genetics and Genomics Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Takuto Miyamoto
- Washington, D.C. Office, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), District of Columbia, USA.,Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sohtaro Mine
- Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elad Sharon
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William C Timmer
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shuichiro Nakabo
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomoko Ikeuchi
- Oral Immunology and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Saori Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minori Kinjo
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Tadashi Inuzuka
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Keisuke Shirai
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Norihiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Das B, Jain N, Mallick B. Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for soft tissue sarcoma. Gene 2022; 808:145988. [PMID: 34624457 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are highly aggressive malignant tumors that exhibit poor therapeutic outcomes. Hence, we aimed to track down a potential gene that can be used as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for this malignancy. We integrated omics analysis of clinical data and in vitro studies and identified Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) as a potential oncogene associated with STS prognosis. We found RRM2 is highly expressed in STS cell lines and tissues. STS patients with increased RRM2 levels showed worse overall survival, disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and disease-specific survival. Further, overexpression of RRM2 in HT1080 cells induces proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation, whereas its silencing arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis. Taken together, we established RRM2 to be positively associated with oncogenesis and prognosis of STS and therefore could be a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Das
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Neha Jain
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bibekanand Mallick
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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De Marchi E, Pegoraro A, Adinolfi E. Administration of P2X7 Receptor Blockers in Oncological Experimental Models. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2510:303-314. [PMID: 35776333 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2384-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is rich in components that strongly influence cancer cell survival. One of the pivotal molecules present at the tumor bed is ATP, which has an essential role in promoting cancer proliferation and metastasis and immune responses via its receptor P2X7. Several studies have proved the efficacy of P2X7 pharmacological blockade in inhibiting primary and metastatic tumor growth in preclinical models. Here we describe the experimental procedures that we optimized to test P2X7 roles in carcinogenesis by antagonist administration. Special attention is paid to their concentrations and routes of administration. The depicted in vitro models include cell count and viability assays, which are useful to test P2X7 roles in cell proliferation and vitality, and the soft agar colony formation test that allows investigation of the transforming and invading abilities of tumor cells. We also describe systemic and intramass administration of P2X7 blockers in murine models of melanoma and leukemia. Both xenotransplant and syngeneic experimental tumor models are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Marchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Kim SH, Hwang S, Song GW, Jung DH, Moon DB, Yang JD, Yu HC. Identification of key genes and carcinogenic pathways in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma through bioinformatics analysis. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2021; 26:58-68. [PMID: 34907098 PMCID: PMC8901975 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.21-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims Mechanisms for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to identify genes and pathways involved in the development of HBV-associated HCC. Methods The GSE121248 gene dataset, which included 70 HCCs and 37 adjacent liver tissues, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCCs and adjacent liver tissues were identified. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway enrichment analyses were then performed. Results Of 134 DEGs identified, 34 were up-regulated and 100 were down-regulated in HCCs. The 34 up-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in nuclear division, organelle fission, spindle and midbody formation, histone kinase activity, and p53 signaling pathway, whereas the 100 down-regulated DEGs were involved in steroid and hormone metabolism, collagen-coated extracellular matrix, oxidoreductase activity, and activity on paired donors, including incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, monooxygenase activity, and retinol metabolism. Analyses of protein-protein interaction networks with a high degree of connectivity identified significant modules containing 14 hub genes, including ANLN, ASPM, BUB1B, CCNB1, CDK1, CDKN3, ECT2, HMMR, NEK2, PBK, PRC1, RACGAP1, RRM2, and TOP2A, which were mainly associated with nuclear division, organelle fission, spindle formation, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, p53 signaling pathway, and cell cycle. Conclusions This study identified key genes and carcinogenic pathways that play essential roles in the development of HBV-associated HCC. This may provide important information for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Kim
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Hwang
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Jung
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deok-Bog Moon
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Do Yang
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yu
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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O'Leary K. Clone battles keep cancer in check. Nat Med 2021:10.1038/d41591-021-00066-w. [PMID: 34711983 DOI: 10.1038/d41591-021-00066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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