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Delgado KN, Montezuma-Rusca JM, Orbe IC, Caimano MJ, La Vake CJ, Luthra A, Hennelly CM, Nindo FN, Meyer JW, Jones LD, Parr JB, Salazar JC, Moody MA, Radolf JD, Hawley KL. Extracellular Loops of the Treponema pallidum FadL Orthologs TP0856 and TP0858 Elicit IgG Antibodies and IgG +-Specific B-Cells in the Rabbit Model of Experimental Syphilis. mBio 2022; 13:e0163922. [PMID: 35862766 PMCID: PMC9426418 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01639-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The resurgence of syphilis in the new millennium has called attention to the importance of a vaccine for global containment strategies. Studies with immune rabbit serum (IRS) indicate that a syphilis vaccine should elicit antibodies (Abs) that promote opsonophagocytosis of treponemes by activated macrophages. The availability of three-dimensional models for Treponema pallidum's (Tp) repertoire of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) provides an architectural framework for identification of candidate vaccinogens with extracellular loops (ECLs) as the targets for protective Abs. Herein, we used Pyrococcus furiosus thioredoxin (PfTrx) as a scaffold to display Tp OMP ECLs to interrogate sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from immune rabbits for ECL-specific Abs and B cells. We validated this approach using a PfTrx scaffold presenting ECL4 from BamA, a known opsonic target. Using scaffolds displaying ECLs of the FadL orthologs TP0856 and TP0858, we determined that ECL2 and ECL4 of both proteins are strongly antigenic. Comparison of ELISA and immunoblot results suggested that the PfTrx scaffolds present conformational and linear epitopes. We then used the FadL ECL2 and ECL4 PfTrx constructs as "hooks" to confirm the presence of ECL-specific B cells in PBMCs from immune rabbits. Our results pinpoint immunogenic ECLs of two newly discovered OMPs, while advancing the utility of the rabbit model for circumventing bottlenecks in vaccine development associated with large-scale production of folded OMPs. They also lay the groundwork for production of rabbit monoclonal Abs (MAbs) to characterize potentially protective ECL epitopes at the atomic level. IMPORTANCE Recent identification and structural modeling of Treponema pallidum's (Tp) repertoire of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) represent a critical breakthrough in the decades long quest for a syphilis vaccine. However, little is known about the antigenic nature of these β-barrel-forming OMPs and, more specifically, their surface exposed regions, the extracellular loops (ECLs). In this study, using Pyrococcus furiosus thioredoxin (PfTrx) as a scaffold to display Tp OMP ECLs, we interrogated immune rabbit sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the presence of antibodies (Abs) and circulating rare antigen-specific B cells. Our results pinpoint immunogenic ECLs of two newly discovered OMPs, while advancing the utility of the rabbit model for surveying the entire Tp OMPeome for promising OMP vaccinogens. This work represents a major advancement toward characterizing potentially protective OMP ECLs and future vaccine studies. Additionally, this strategy could be applied to OMPs of nonspirochetal bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jairo M Montezuma-Rusca
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isabel C Orbe
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melissa J Caimano
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carson J La Vake
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amit Luthra
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher M Hennelly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fredrick N Nindo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob W Meyer
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jonathan B Parr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Juan C Salazar
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin D Radolf
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelly L Hawley
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
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Park JM, Kim MY, Jose J, Park M. Covalently Immobilized Regenerable Immunoaffinity Layer with Orientation-Controlled Antibodies Based on Z-Domain Autodisplay. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010459. [PMID: 35008883 PMCID: PMC8745110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A regenerable immunoaffinity layer comprising covalently immobilized orientation-controlled antibodies was developed for use in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. For antibody orientation control, antibody-binding Z-domain-autodisplaying Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells and their outer membrane (OM) were utilized, and a disuccinimidyl crosslinker was employed for covalent antibody binding. To fabricate the regenerable immunoaffinity layer, capture antibodies were bound to autodisplayed Z-domains, and then treated with the crosslinker for chemical fixation to the Z-domains. Various crosslinkers, namely disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG), disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) and poly (ethylene glycol)-ylated bis (sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate (BS(PEG)5), were evaluated, and DSS at a concentration of 500 μM was confirmed to be optimal. The E. coli-cell-based regenerable HRP immunoassay was evaluated employing three sequential HRP treatment and regeneration steps. Then, the Oms of E. coli cells were isolated and layered on a microplate and regenerable OM-based HRP immunoassaying was evaluated. Five HRP immunoassays with four regeneration steps were found to be feasible. This regenerable, covalently immobilized, orientation-controlled OM-based immunoaffinity layer was applied to an SPR biosensor, which was capable of quantifying C-reactive protein (CRP). Five regeneration cycles were repeated using the demonstrated immunoaffinity layer with a signal difference of <10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Park
- Major in Materials Science and Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (M.Y.K.)
- Cooperative Course of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Kim
- Major in Materials Science and Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (M.Y.K.)
- Cooperative Course of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Min Park
- Major in Materials Science and Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (M.Y.K.)
- Cooperative Course of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Ardizzone CM, Albritton HL, Lillis RA, Bagnetto CEL, Shen L, Cavacini LA, Kozlowski PA, Quayle AJ. Human genital antibody-mediated inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and evidence for ompA genotype-specific neutralization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258759. [PMID: 34662351 PMCID: PMC8523062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocervix, the primary site of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection in women, has a unique repertoire of locally synthesized IgG and secretory IgA (SIgA) with contributions from serum IgG. Here, we assessed the ability of genital and serum-derived IgG and IgA from women with a recent positive Ct test to neutralize Ct elementary bodies (EBs) and inhibit inclusion formation in vitro in human endocervical epithelial cells. We also determined if neutralization was influenced by the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of the infecting strain, as indicated by ompA gene sequencing and genotyping. At equivalent low concentrations of Ct EB (D/UW-3/Cx + E/UW-5/Cx)-specific antibody, genital-derived IgG and IgA and serum IgA, but not serum IgG, significantly inhibited inclusion formation, with genital IgA being most effective, followed by genital IgG, then serum IgA. The well-characterized Ct genotype D strain, D/UW-3/Cx, was neutralized by serum-derived IgG from patients infected with genotype D strains, genital IgG from patients infected with genotype D or E strains, and by genital IgA from patients infected with genotype D, E, or F strains. Additionally, inhibition of D/UW-3/Cx infection by whole serum, rather than purified immunoglobulin, was associated with levels of serum EB-specific IgG rather than the genotype of infecting strain. In contrast, a Ct genotype Ia clinical isolate, Ia/LSU-56/Cx, was neutralized by whole serum in a genotype and genogroup-specific manner, and inhibition also correlated with EB-specific IgG concentrations in serum. Taken together, these data suggest that (i) genital IgA most effectively inhibits Ct infection in vitro, (ii) human antibody-mediated inhibition of Ct infection is significantly influenced by the ompA genotype of the infecting strain, (iii) the genital antibody repertoire develops or matures differently compared to systemic antibody, and (iv) ompA genotype-specificity of inhibition of infection by whole serum can be overcome by high concentrations of Ct-specific IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M. Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hannah L. Albritton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Lillis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Caitlyn E. L. Bagnetto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Cavacini
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Alison J. Quayle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Barbosa CHD, Lantier L, Reynolds J, Wang J, Re F. Critical role of IL-25-ILC2-IL-5 axis in the production of anti-Francisella LPS IgM by B1 B cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009905. [PMID: 34449811 PMCID: PMC8428711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
B1 cells, a subset of B lymphocytes whose developmental origin, phenotype, and function differ from that of conventional B2 cells, are the main source of “natural” IgM but can also respond to infection by rapidly producing pathogen-specific IgM directed against T-independent antigens. Francisella tularensis (Ft) is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes tularemia. Infection with Ft Live Vaccine Strain activates B1 cells for production of IgM directed against the bacterial LPS in a process incompletely understood. Here we show that immunization with purified Ft LPS elicits production of LPS-specific IgM and IgG3 by B1 cells independently of TLR2 or MyD88. Immunization, but not infection, generated peritoneum-resident memory B1 cells that differentiated into LPS-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) upon secondary challenge. IL-5 was rapidly induced by immunization with Ft LPS and was required for production of LPS-specific IgM. Antibody-mediated depletion of ILC2 indicated that these cells were the source of IL-5 and were required for IgM production. IL-25, an alarmin that strongly activates ILC2, was rapidly secreted in response to immunization or infection and its administration to mice significantly increased IgM production and B1 cell differentiation to ASC. Conversely, mice lacking IL-17RB, the IL-25 receptor, showed impaired IL-5 induction, IgM production, and B1 ASC differentiation in response to immunization. Administration of IL-5 to Il17rb-/- mice rescued these B1 cells-mediated responses. Il17rb-/- mice were more susceptible to infection with Ft LVS and failed to develop immunity upon secondary challenge suggesting that LPS-specific IgM is one of the protective adaptive immune mechanisms against tularemia. Our results indicated that immunization with Ft LPS triggers production of IL-25 that, through stimulation of IL-5 release by ILC2, promotes B1 cells activation and differentiation into IgM secreting cells. By revealing the existence of an IL-25-ILC2-IL-5 axis our results suggest novel strategies to improve vaccination against T-independent bacterial antigens. B1 cells are a subset of B lymphocytes that participate in the immune response to infection by producing antibodies of the IgM class. Here we investigate the mechanisms that control B1 cells activation and production of IgM directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative bacterium that causes tularemia. Using a mouse model of tularemia, our results revealed that Francisella LPS elicits production of the cytokine IL-25 that in turn activates blood cells called Innate Lymphoid Cells 2 (ILC2). Once activated, ILC2 produce the cytokine IL-5 that is required for activation of B1 cells and production of IgM. Mice unresponsive to IL-25 are more susceptible to F. tularensis infection. By revealing the existence of an IL-25-ILC2-IL-5 axis our results suggest novel strategies to improve vaccination against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique D. Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Louis Lantier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joseph Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fabio Re
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Dominique M, Lucas N, Legrand R, Bouleté IM, Bôle-Feysot C, Deroissart C, Léon F, Nobis S, do Rego JC, Lambert G, Déchelotte P. Effects of Bacterial CLPB Protein Fragments on Food Intake and PYY Secretion. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072223. [PMID: 34209507 PMCID: PMC8308458 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CLPB (Caseinolytic peptidase B) protein is a conformational mimetic of α-MSH, an anorectic hormone. Previous in vivo studies have already shown the potential effect of CLPB protein on food intake and on the production of peptide YY (PYY) by injection of E. coli wild type (WT) or E. coli ΔClpB. However, until now, no study has shown its direct effect on food intake. Furthermore, this protein can fragment naturally. Therefore, the aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the in vitro effects of CLPB fragments on PYY production; and (ii) to test the in vivo effects of a CLPB fragment sharing molecular mimicry with α-MSH (CLPB25) compared to natural fragments of the CLPB protein (CLPB96). To do that, a primary culture of intestinal mucosal cells from male Sprague-Dawley rats was incubated with proteins extracted from E. coli WT and ΔCLPB after fragmentation with trypsin or after a heat treatment of the CLPB protein. PYY secretion was measured by ELISA. CLPB fragments were analyzed by Western Blot using anti-α-MSH antibodies. In vivo effects of the CLPB protein on food intake were evaluated by intraperitoneal injections in male C57Bl/6 and ob/ob mice using the BioDAQ® system. The natural CLPB96 fragmentation increased PYY production in vitro and significantly decreased cumulative food intake from 2 h in C57Bl/6 and ob/ob mice on the contrary to CLPB25. Therefore, the anorexigenic effect of CLPB is likely the consequence of enhanced PYY secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dominique
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Romain Legrand
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Illona-Marie Bouleté
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
| | - Camille Deroissart
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Fatima Léon
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d’Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Séverine Nobis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d’Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d’Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Grégory Lambert
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, 76183 Rouen, France
- Correspondence:
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Sands NA, Beernink PT. Two human antibodies to a meningococcal serogroup B vaccine antigen enhance binding of complement Factor H by stabilizing the Factor H binding site. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009655. [PMID: 34125873 PMCID: PMC8224966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens bind host complement regulatory proteins to evade the immune system. The bacterial pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, or meningococcus, binds several complement regulators, including human Factor H (FH). FH binding protein (FHbp) is a component of two licensed meningococcal vaccines and in mice FHbp elicits antibodies that inhibit binding of FH to FHbp, which defeat the bacterial evasion mechanism. However, humans vaccinated with FHbp develop antibodies that enhance binding of FH to the bacteria, which could limit the effectiveness of the vaccines. In the present study, we show that two vaccine-elicited antibody fragments (Fabs) isolated from different human subjects increase binding of complement FH to meningococcal FHbp by ELISA. The two Fabs have different effects on the kinetics of FH binding to immobilized FHbp as measured by surface plasmon resonance. The 1.7- and 2.0-Å resolution X-ray crystal structures of the Fabs in complexes with FHbp illustrate that the two Fabs bind to similar epitopes on the amino-terminal domain of FHbp, adjacent to the FH binding site. Superposition models of ternary complexes of each Fab with FHbp and FH show that there is likely minimal contact between the Fabs and FH. Collectively, the structures reveal that the Fabs enhance binding of FH to FHbp by altering the conformations and mobilities of two loops adjacent to the FH binding site of FHbp. In addition, the 1.5 Å-resolution structure of one of the isolated Fabs defines the structural rearrangements associated with binding to FHbp. The FH-enhancing human Fabs, which are mirrored in the human polyclonal antibody responses, have important implications for tuning the effectiveness of FHbp-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A. Sands
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter T. Beernink
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rauch J, Barton J, Kwiatkowski M, Wunderlich M, Steffen P, Moderzynski K, Papp S, Höhn K, Schwanke H, Witt S, Richardt U, Mehlhoop U, Schlüter H, Pianka V, Fleischer B, Tappe D, Osterloh A. GroEL is an immunodominant surface-exposed antigen of Rickettsia typhi. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253084. [PMID: 34111210 PMCID: PMC8191997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickettsioses are neglected and emerging potentially fatal febrile diseases that are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria, rickettsiae. Rickettsia (R.) typhi and R. prowazekii constitute the typhus group (TG) of rickettsiae and are the causative agents of endemic and epidemic typhus, respectively. We recently generated a monoclonal antibody (BNI52) against R. typhi. Characterization of BNI52 revealed that it specifically recognizes TG rickettsiae but not the members of the spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae. We further show that BNI52 binds to protein fragments of ±30 kDa that are exposed on the bacterial surface and also present in the periplasmic space. These protein fragments apparently derive from the cytosolic GroEL protein of R. typhi and are also recognized by antibodies in the sera from patients and infected mice. Furthermore, BNI52 opsonizes the bacteria for the uptake by antigen presenting cells (APC), indicating a contribution of GroEL-specific antibodies to protective immunity. Finally, it is interesting that the GroEL protein belongs to 32 proteins that are differentially downregulated by R. typhi after passage through immunodeficient BALB/c CB17 SCID mice. This could be a hint that the rickettsia GroEL protein may have immunomodulatory properties as shown for the homologous protein from several other bacteria, too. Overall, the results of this study provide evidence that GroEL represents an immunodominant antigen of TG rickettsiae that is recognized by the humoral immune response against these pathogens and that may be interesting as a vaccine candidate. Apart from that, the BNI52 antibody represents a new tool for specific detection of TG rickettsiae in various diagnostic and experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rauch
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Barton
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Malte Wunderlich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Steffen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Papp
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Höhn
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hella Schwanke
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Witt
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulricke Richardt
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ute Mehlhoop
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Verena Pianka
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Osterloh
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Hoare R, Leigh W, Limakom T, Wongwaradechkul R, Metselaar M, Shinn AP, Ngo TPH, Thompson KD, Adams A. Oral vaccination of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against francisellosis elevates specific antibody titres in serum and mucus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 113:86-88. [PMID: 33826937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a well-established aquaculture species globally, there are a limited number of commercial vaccines available or are used for this species. The majority of diseases affecting farmed tilapia are bacterial, with antibiotics frequently used to treat fish. The current study was performed to optimise the use of mucosal vaccines for tilapia by adapting an existing bacterin vaccine against Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) as a proof of concept. This vaccine has previously provided excellent protection by injection, however, the preference for tilapia farmers would be to vaccinate fish by immersion or orally, due to the lower cost and ease of application. These vaccination routes, however, are often less efficacious probably due to the lack of adjuvants in immersion and oral vaccines. The aims of this study, therefore, were to optimise the formulation and dose of the Fno vaccine with mucosal adjuvants for oral and immersion delivery. Tilapia fry (av. 6 g) were given three concentrations (high, medium, low; i.e. 1×109, 1×108 and 1×107 CFU mL-1) of antigen combined with the oral adjuvant by oral gavage, to optimise the dose needed to induce an immune response to Fno, and the immune response obtained compared with fish vaccinated by immersion (with and without an immersion adjuvant). Fry were boosted by the same route at 420 degree days (DD), and samples (serum, mucus ) taken at 840 DD for specific antibody responses measured by ELISA and western blotting. Specific IgM titres were significantly elevated in serum and mucus of fish given the high dose adjuvanted vaccine by gavage. In addition, by western blotting with serum, a significant immunogenic reaction was evident between 20 and 37 kDa in the fish given the high dose oral vaccine by gavage. As protection against Fno provided by the injection vaccine was correlated with specific antibody responses these findings suggest the oral vaccine also has potential to provide protection. Further studies are needed to optimise delivery of the vaccine via feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hoare
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | - W Leigh
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - T Limakom
- Benchmark R&D (Thailand) Ltd., Saensook, Chonburi, 20000, Thailand
| | | | - M Metselaar
- Benchmark Animal Health, Bush House, Edinburgh Technopole, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A P Shinn
- Benchmark R&D (Thailand) Ltd., Saensook, Chonburi, 20000, Thailand
| | - T P H Ngo
- Aquacultural Biotechnology Division, Biotechnology Centre of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - K D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, UK
| | - A Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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9
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Cross AS, Opal SM, Palardy JE, Shridhar S, Baliban SM, Scott AJ, Chahin AB, Ernst RK. A pilot study of an anti-endotoxin Ig-enriched bovine colostrum to prevent experimental sepsis. Innate Immun 2021; 27:266-274. [PMID: 33858243 PMCID: PMC8054147 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211007538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance, there is a dearth of antibiotics in development and few pharmaceutical companies working in the field. Further, any new antibiotics are likely to have a short shelf life. Ab-based interventions offer alternatives that are not likely to be circumvented by the widely prevalent antibiotic resistance genes. Bovine colostrum (BC)-the first milk after parturition, rich in nutrients and immune components-promotes gut integrity and modulates the gut microbiome. We developed a hyperimmune BC (HBC) enriched in Abs to a highly conserved LOS core region of Gram-negative bacteria by immunizing pregnant cows with a vaccine comprised of detoxified LOS from Escherichia coli O111 Rc (J5) mutant non-covalently complexed to group B meningococcal outer membrane protein (J5dLOS/OMP). This vaccine generated robust levels of anti-J5 LOS Ab in the colostrum. When given orally to neutropenic rats challenged orally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, administration of HBC improved survival compared to non-immune rats, while both BC preparations improved survival compared to PBS controls. Elevated circulating endotoxin levels correlated with mortality. HBC and to a lesser extent non-immune BC reduced bacterial burden from the liver, lung, and spleen. We conclude that HBC and to a lesser extent BC may be effective supplements that improve outcome from lethal gut-derived disseminated infection and may reduce transmission of Gram-negative bacilli from the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Cross
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Steven M Opal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, USA
| | - John E Palardy
- Infectious Disease Division, Memorial Hospital of RI, USA
| | - Surekha Shridhar
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Scott M Baliban
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, USA
| | | | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, USA
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10
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Kataoka K, Kawabata S, Koyanagi K, Hashimoto Y, Miyake T, Fujihashi K. Respiratory FimA-Specific Secretory IgA Antibodies Upregulated by DC-Targeting Nasal Double DNA Adjuvant Are Essential for Elimination of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634923. [PMID: 33717178 PMCID: PMC7948520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that a combination of a DNA plasmid encoding Flt3 ligand (pFL) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides 1826 (CpG ODN) (FL/CpG) as a nasal adjuvant provoked antigen-specific immune responses. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a nasal vaccine consisting of FimA as the structural subunit of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) fimbriae and FL/CpG for the induction of FimA-specific antibody (Ab) responses and their protective roles against nasal and lung infection by P. gingivalis, a keystone pathogen in the etiology of periodontal disease. C57BL/6 mice were nasally immunized with recombinant FimA (rFimA) plus FL/CpG three times at weekly intervals. As a control, mice were given nasal rFimA alone. Nasal washes (NWs) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice given nasal rFimA plus FL/CpG resulted in increased levels of rFimA-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG Ab responses when compared with those in controls. Significantly increased numbers of CD8- or CD11b-expressing mature-type dendritic cells (DCs) were detected in the respiratory inductive and effector tissues of mice given rFimA plus FL/CpG. Additionally, significantly upregulated Th1/Th2-type cytokine responses by rFimA-stimulated CD4+ T cells were noted in the respiratory effector tissues. When mice were challenged with live P. gingivalis via the nasal route, mice immunized nasally with rFimA plus FL/CpG inhibited P. gingivalis colonization in the nasal cavities and lungs. In contrast, controls failed to show protection. Of interest, when IgA-deficient mice given nasal rFimA plus FL/CpG were challenged with nasal P. gingivalis, the inhibition of bacterial colonization in the respiratory tracts was not seen. Taken together, these results show that nasal FL/CpG effectively enhanced DCs and provided balanced Th1- and Th2-type cytokine response-mediated rFimA-specific IgA protective immunity in the respiratory tract against P. gingivalis. A nasal administration with rFimA and FL/CpG could be a candidate for potent mucosal vaccines for the elimination of inhaled P. gingivalis in periodontal patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism
- Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Vaccines/genetics
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Bacteroidaceae Infections/immunology
- Bacteroidaceae Infections/microbiology
- Bacteroidaceae Infections/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fimbriae Proteins/administration & dosage
- Fimbriae Proteins/genetics
- Fimbriae Proteins/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/administration & dosage
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology
- Porphyromonas gingivalis/immunology
- Porphyromonas gingivalis/pathogenicity
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Respiratory System/drug effects
- Respiratory System/immunology
- Respiratory System/metabolism
- Respiratory System/microbiology
- Time Factors
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kataoka
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kayo Koyanagi
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Miyake
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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11
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Boero E, Brinkman I, Juliet T, van Yperen E, van Strijp JAG, Rooijakkers SHM, van Kessel KPM. Use of Flow Cytometry to Evaluate Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635825. [PMID: 33679791 PMCID: PMC7934835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a key role in the human immune response to Staphylococcus aureus infections. These professional phagocytes rapidly migrate to the site of infection to engulf bacteria and destroy them via specialized intracellular killing mechanisms. Here we describe a robust and relatively high-throughput flow cytometry assay to quantify phagocytosis of S. aureus by human neutrophils. We show that effective phagocytic uptake of S. aureus is greatly enhanced by opsonization, i.e. the tagging of microbial surfaces with plasma-derived host proteins like antibodies and complement. Our rapid assay to monitor phagocytosis can be used to study neutrophil deficiencies and bacterial evasion, but also provides a powerful tool to assess the opsonic capacity of antibodies, either in the context of natural immune responses or immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boero
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., Siena, Italy
| | - Iris Brinkman
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thessely Juliet
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eline van Yperen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kok P. M. van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Liu W, Tian J, Hui W, Kong W, Feng Y, Si J, Gao F. A retrospective study assessing the acceleration effect of type I Helicobacter pylori infection on the progress of atrophic gastritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4143. [PMID: 33603125 PMCID: PMC7892840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the antibody typing classification, Helicobacter pylori infection can be divided into type I H. pylori infection and type II H. pylori infection. To observe the effects of different H. pylori infection types on the distribution of histopathological characteristics and the levels of three items of serum gastric function (PG I, PG II, G-17). 1175 cases from October 2018 to February 2020 were collected with ratio 1:2. All patients were performed with 14C-Urea breath test (14C-UBT), H. pylori antibody typing classification, three items of serum gastric function detection, painless gastroscopy, pathological examination, etc. According to H. pylori antibody typing classification, patients were divided into three groups: type I H. pylori infection group, type II H. pylori infection group and control group. Significant difference existed among type I H. pylori infection group, type II H. pylori infection group and control group in inflammation and activity (χ2 = 165.43, 354.88, P all < 0.01). The proportion of three groups in OLGA staging had statistic difference (χ2 = 67.99, P all < 0.01); Compared with type II H. pylori infection group and control group, the level of pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin17 in type I H. pylori infection group increased, and PG I/PG II ratio (PG I/PG II ratio, PGR) decreased, which was statistically significant (χ2 = 35.08, 166.24, 134.21, 141.19; P all < 0.01). Type I H. pylori infection worsened the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation and activity. H. pylori infection was prone to induce atrophy of gastric mucosa, while type I H. pylori infection played a key role in promoting the progress of atrophic gastritis and affected the level of serum gastric function. The study indicated that the eradication of H. pylori should be treated individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 83000, China
| | - Junjie Tian
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenjia Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 83000, China
| | - Wenjie Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 83000, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 83000, China
| | - Junqiang Si
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University of Medicine, Shihezi, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 83000, China.
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13
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Teh AYH, Cavacini L, Hu Y, Kumru OS, Xiong J, Bolick DT, Joshi SB, Grünwald-Gruber C, Altmann F, Klempner M, Guerrant RL, Volkin DB, Wang Y, Ma JKC. Investigation of a monoclonal antibody against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, expressed as secretory IgA1 and IgA2 in plants. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-14. [PMID: 33439092 PMCID: PMC7833773 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1859813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Passive immunization with antibodies is a promising approach against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea, a prevalent disease in LMICs. The objective of this study was to investigate expression of a monoclonal anti-ETEC CfaE secretory IgA antibody in N. benthamiana plants, with a view to facilitating access to ETEC passive immunotherapy. SIgA1 and SIgA2 forms of mAb 68-81 were produced by co-expressing the light and engineered heavy chains with J chain and secretory component in N. benthamiana. Antibody expression and assembly were compared with CHO-derived antibodies by SDS-PAGE, western blotting, size-exclusion chromatography and LC-MS peptide mapping. N-linked glycosylation was assessed by rapid fluorescence/mass spectrometry and LC-ESI-MS. Susceptibility to gastric digestion was assessed in an in vitro model. Antibody function was compared for antigen binding, a Caco-2 cell-based ETEC adhesion assay, an ETEC hemagglutination inhibition assay and a murine in vivo challenge study. SIgA1 assembly appeared superior to SIgA2 in plants. Both sub-classes exhibited resistance to degradation by simulated gastric fluid, comparable to CHO-produced 68-61 SIgA1. The plant expressed SIgAs had more homogeneous N-glycosylation than CHO-derived SIgAs, but no alteration of in vitro functional activity was observed, including antibodies expressed in a plant line engineered for mammalian-like N glycosylation. The plant-derived SIgA2 mAb demonstrated protection against diarrhea in a murine infection model. Although antibody yield and purification need to be optimized, anti-ETEC SIgA antibodies produced in a low-cost plant platform are functionally equivalent to CHO antibodies, and provide promise for passive immunotherapy in LMICs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/genetics
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antibodies, Bacterial/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibody Affinity
- Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects
- Caco-2 Cells
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/immunology
- Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology
- Escherichia coli Infections/therapy
- Gastric Acid/metabolism
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/genetics
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy
- Mice
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Y-H Teh
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Cavacini
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Hu
- Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Ozan S. Kumru
- Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jian Xiong
- Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David T. Bolick
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sangeeta B. Joshi
- Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Department for Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Universität Für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department for Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Universität Für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Klempner
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David B. Volkin
- Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian K-C. Ma
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, UK
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14
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Juárez MA, Pennisi M, Russo G, Kiagias D, Curreli C, Viceconti M, Pappalardo F. Generation of digital patients for the simulation of tuberculosis with UISS-TB. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:449. [PMID: 33308156 PMCID: PMC7733699 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The STriTuVaD project, funded by Horizon 2020, aims to test through a Phase IIb clinical trial one of the most advanced therapeutic vaccines against tuberculosis. As part of this initiative, we have developed a strategy for generating in silico patients consistent with target population characteristics, which can then be used in combination with in vivo data on an augmented clinical trial. RESULTS One of the most challenging tasks for using virtual patients is developing a methodology to reproduce biological diversity of the target population, ie, providing an appropriate strategy for generating libraries of digital patients. This has been achieved through the creation of the initial immune system repertoire in a stochastic way, and through the identification of a vector of features that combines both biological and pathophysiological parameters that personalise the digital patient to reproduce the physiology and the pathophysiology of the subject. CONCLUSIONS We propose a sequential approach to sampling from the joint features population distribution in order to create a cohort of virtual patients with some specific characteristics, resembling the recruitment process for the target clinical trial, which then can be used for augmenting the information from the physical the trial to help reduce its size and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Juárez
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Marzio Pennisi
- Computer Science Institute, DiSIT, University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Kiagias
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Cristina Curreli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Viceconti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Kurbatova EA, Akhmatova NK, Zaytsev AE, Akhmatova EA, Egorova NB, Yastrebova NE, Sukhova EV, Yashunsky DV, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Higher Cytokine and Opsonizing Antibody Production Induced by Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)-Conjugated Tetrasaccharide Related to Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 3 Capsular Polysaccharide. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578019. [PMID: 33343566 PMCID: PMC7746847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated the limited efficacy of S. pneumoniae type 3 capsular polysaccharide (CP) in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against serotype 3 invasive pneumococcal diseases and carriage. Synthetic oligosaccharides (OSs) may provide an alternative to CPs for development of novel conjugated pneumococcal vaccines and diagnostic test systems. A comparative immunological study of di-, tri-, and tetra-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates was performed. All oligosaccharides conjugated with biotin and immobilized on streptavidin-coated plates stimulated production of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFNγ, IL-17A, and TNFα, but not IL-6 and GM-CSF in monocultured mice splenocytes. The tetrasaccharide-biotin conjugate stimulated the highest levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFNγ, which regulate expression of specific immunoglobulin isotypes. The tetra-BSA conjugate adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide elicited high levels of IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibodies (Abs). Anti-CP-induced Abs could only be measured using the biotinylated tetrasaccharide. The tetrasaccharide ligand possessed the highest binding capacity for anti-OS and antibacterial IgG Abs in immune sera. Sera to the tetra-BSA conjugate promoted greater phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils and monocytes than the CRM197-CP-antisera. Sera of mice immunized with the tetra-BSA conjugate exhibited the highest titer of anti-CP IgG1 Abs compared with sera of mice inoculated with the same doses of di- and tri-BSA conjugates. Upon intraperitoneal challenge with lethal doses of S. pneumoniae type 3, the tri- and tetra-BSA conjugates protected mice more significantly than the di-BSA conjugate. Therefore, it may be concluded that the tetrasaccharide ligand is an optimal candidate for development of a semi-synthetic vaccine against S. pneumoniae type 3 and diagnostic test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Kurbatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nelli K. Akhmatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton E. Zaytsev
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina A. Akhmatova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda B. Egorova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya E. Yastrebova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Sukhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V. Yashunsky
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Alkharaan H, Lu L, Gabarrini G, Halimi A, Ateeb Z, Sobkowiak MJ, Davanian H, Fernández Moro C, Jansson L, Del Chiaro M, Özenci V, Sällberg Chen M. Circulating and Salivary Antibodies to Fusobacterium nucleatum Are Associated With Cystic Pancreatic Neoplasm Malignancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2003. [PMID: 32983143 PMCID: PMC7484485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are cystic precursor lesions to pancreatic cancer. The presence of oral microbes in pancreatic tissue or cyst fluid has been associated with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and cancer. The present study aims at investigating if humoral immunity to pancreas-associated oral microbes reflects IPMN severity. Design Paired plasma (n = 109) and saliva (n = 65) samples were obtained from IPMN pancreatic cystic tumor cases and controls, for anti-bacterial antibody analysis and DNA quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qPCR, respectively. Tumor severity was graded by histopathology, laboratory, and clinical data. Circulating plasma and salivary antibody reactivity to a pancreas-associated oral microbe panel were measured by ELISA and correlated to tumor severity. Results The patient group with high-risk cystic tumors (HGD and/or associated invasive cancer) shows ample circulating IgG reactivity to Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) but not to Granulicatella adiacens (G. adiacens), which is independent of the salivary bacteria DNA levels. This group also shows higher salivary IgA reactivity to F. nucleatum, Fap2 of F. nucleatum, and Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii) compared to low-risk IPMN and controls. The salivary antibody reactivity to F. nucleatum and Fap2 are found to be highly correlated, and cross-competition assays further confirm that these antibodies appear cross-reactive. Conclusion Our findings indicate that humoral reactivity against pancreas-associated oral microbes may reflect IPMN severity. These findings are beneficial for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alkharaan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liyan Lu
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Giorgio Gabarrini
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Asif Halimi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Zeeshan Ateeb
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Haleh Davanian
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Carlos Fernández Moro
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leif Jansson
- Clinic of Endodontics and Periodontology, Eastman Institute Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Volkan Özenci
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Margaret Sällberg Chen
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Moon J, Kim S, Kim W, Rao Z, Park J, Park B, Hur J. Protective efficacy of the recombinant lysozyme-PMAP36 fusion protein-inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine candidate via oral immunization in a murine model. Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:241-244. [PMID: 32801461 PMCID: PMC7301672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate protective efficacy of S. Typhimurium ghost vaccine candidate lysed by the recombinant lysozyme-PMAP36 fusion protein via oral immunization in a murine model. Sixty BALB/c mice were equally divided into 4 groups. Group A mice were inoculated with 20 μL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Groups B-D mice were immunized with approximately 1 × 107, 1 × 108, and 1 × 109 cells of the vaccine candidate, respectively, in 20 μL of PBS. Salmonella-outermembrane-proteins-specific serum IgG was considerably higher in groups B-D than in group A. The interleukin-10 and interferon-γ levels in groups B-D were significantly higher than in group A. Following challenge with wild-type S. Typhimurium, all immunized groups showed a significant level of protection compared with group A. The highest protection was shown in group D. Overall, these results show that oral immunization with the candidate vaccine can effectively protect mice from S. Typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Moon
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Jayoung Moon, Wonkyong Kim, Jin Hur); Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Kore (Soyoung Kim, Zhili Rao, Junghee Park); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Byungyong Park)
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Jayoung Moon, Wonkyong Kim, Jin Hur); Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Kore (Soyoung Kim, Zhili Rao, Junghee Park); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Byungyong Park)
| | - Wonkyong Kim
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Jayoung Moon, Wonkyong Kim, Jin Hur); Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Kore (Soyoung Kim, Zhili Rao, Junghee Park); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Byungyong Park)
| | - Zhili Rao
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Jayoung Moon, Wonkyong Kim, Jin Hur); Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Kore (Soyoung Kim, Zhili Rao, Junghee Park); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Byungyong Park)
| | - Junghee Park
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Jayoung Moon, Wonkyong Kim, Jin Hur); Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Kore (Soyoung Kim, Zhili Rao, Junghee Park); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Byungyong Park)
| | - Byungyong Park
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Jayoung Moon, Wonkyong Kim, Jin Hur); Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Kore (Soyoung Kim, Zhili Rao, Junghee Park); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Byungyong Park)
| | - Jin Hur
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Jayoung Moon, Wonkyong Kim, Jin Hur); Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Kore (Soyoung Kim, Zhili Rao, Junghee Park); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Byungyong Park)
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18
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Liu Q, Shen X, Bian X, Kong Q. Effect of deletion of gene cluster involved in synthesis of Enterobacterial common antigen on virulence and immunogenicity of live attenuated Salmonella vaccine when delivering heterologous Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen PspA. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:150. [PMID: 32513100 PMCID: PMC7278252 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) is a family-specific surface antigen shared by all members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Previous studies showed that the loss of ECA results in Salmonella attenuation, indicating its usefulness as a vaccine candidate for Salmonella infection, but no studies have shown whether the mutation resulting from the deletion of the ECA operon in conjunction with other mutations could be used as an antigen vehicle for heterologous protein antigen delivery. RESULTS In this study, we introduced a nonpolar, defined ECA operon deletion into wild-type S. Typhimurium χ3761 and an attenuated vaccine strain χ9241, obtaining two isogenic ECA operon mutants, namely, χ12357 and χ12358, respectively. A number of in vitro and in vivo properties of the mutants were analyzed. We found that the loss of ECA did not affect the growth, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production and motility of S. Typhimurium wild type strain χ3761 and its attenuated vaccine strain χ9241 but significantly affected the virulence when administered orally to BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the effects of the ECA mutation on the immunogenicity of a recombinant S. Typhimurium vaccine strain χ9241 when delivering the pneumococcal antigen PspA were determined. The result showed that the total anti-PspA IgG level of χ12358 (pYA4088) was slightly lower than that of χ9241 (pYA4088), but the protection rate was not compromised. CONCLUSIONS ECA affects virulence and benefits the Th2 immunity of Salmonella Typhimurium, therefore, it is feasible to use a reversible ECA mutant mode to design future Salmonella vaccine strains for heterologous protective antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuegang Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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19
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León-Janampa N, Zimic M, Shinkaruk S, Quispe-Marcatoma J, Gutarra A, Le Bourdon G, Gayot M, Changanaqui K, Gilman RH, Fouquet E, Sheen P, Szlosek M. Synthesis, characterization and bio-functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:175101. [PMID: 31931490 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6ab1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of one of the diseases with the highest mortality and morbidity rate in the Americas and in the world. In developing countries, the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is based on baciloscopy and bacteriological cultures. The first method has a low sensitivity, and the second can take several weeks to reach a confirmatory diagnosis. The lack of a rapid diagnosis compromises the efforts to control this disease and favors the transmission of tuberculosis to the susceptible population. In this work, we present the synthesis, amine-silanization, characterization and bio-functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to develop a sandwich ELISA to detect and concentrate antigens from M. tuberculosis. For this purpose, a recombinant mycobacterial heat shock protein Hsp16.3, which contributes to the persistence of TB, was cloned and expressed in the E. coli system. Polyclonal antibodies anti-Hsp16.3 were produced in a rabbit and in mice. Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation, amine-functionalized and characterized by several physical-chemical methods. The XRD, Mossbauer spectroscopy, zeta potential, TEM, and FTIR all proved the successful preparation of the MNPs showing a diffraction crystal diameter of 10.48 ± 2.56 nm, superficial net charge of [Formula: see text]: +23.57 ± 2.87 mV, characteristic patterns of magnetite and a structure similar to a sphere. Additionally, it showed a magnetization saturation of 37.06 emu.g-1. For the functionalization of nanoparticle surfaces with anti-Hsp16.3, the active ester method was used for bond formation, and parameters such as time of incubation, coupling agents ratio (EDC/NHS) and concentration as well as surface saturation level of amine-silanized MNPs (MNP@Si@NH2) were standardized. Finally, bio-functionalized MNPs were used to detect, fix and concentrate the recombinant antigen Hsp16.3 from M. tuberculosis in a sandwich ELISA-MNP assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy León-Janampa
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular. Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France
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20
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Efthymiou G, Liaskos C, Simopoulou T, Marou E, Patrikiou E, Scheper T, Meyer W, Daoussis D, Sakkas LI, Bogdanos DP. Antigen-specific humoral responses against Helicobacter pylori in patients with systemic sclerosis. Immunol Res 2020; 68:39-47. [PMID: 32253703 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a likely trigger of systemic sclerosis (SSc), but systemic antigen-specific antibody (Ab) responses in a well-defined cohort of SSc patients have not been thoroughly assessed. Line immunoassay and immunoblotting testing Abs against 15 Hp antigens were performed in 91 SSc patients and 59 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs). Results were validated in an independent cohort of 35 SSc patients. Anti-Hp positivity was detected in 67% SSc patients vs 76.3% HCs. Among anti-Hp (+) individuals, anti-p67-FSH was less frequent in SSc than HCs (p = 0.016), whereas reactivity to the remaining 14 Hp antigens did not differ between patients and HCs. Anti-p67 Abs were less frequent in diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) compared with HCs (p = 0.018). Anti-p57 and anti-p33 Ab levels were lower in SSc vs HCs (p = 0.007 and p = 0.035, respectively). Anti-p57 and anti-p33 Ab levels were lower in limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) (p = 0.010) and dcSSc (p = 0.024), respectively, compared with HCs. Anti-p50 and anti-p17 Ab titers tended to be higher in dcSSc than in lcSSc. Sera from the independent SSc cohort showed comparable results. Anti-VacA Abs were more frequent in pulmonary arterial hypertension (p = 0.042), and anti-p30 Abs were more frequent in calcinosis (p = 0.007), whereas anti-VacA Ab levels were higher in lung fibrosis (p = 0.02). In conclusion, anti-Hp Abs are neither more frequent nor elevated in SSc compared with healthy population, the only exception being the higher frequency and levels of anti-VacA Abs in pulmonary hypertension and lung fibrosis, respectively. These results suggest that Hp is unlikely to be involved in the development of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Efthymiou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Liaskos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodora Simopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Emmanouela Marou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Patrikiou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Daoussis
- Department of Rheumatology, Patras University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Lazaros I Sakkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece.
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21
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Youssef EG, Zhang L, Alkhazraji S, Gebremariam T, Singh S, Yount NY, Yeaman MR, Uppuluri P, Ibrahim AS. Monoclonal IgM Antibodies Targeting Candida albicans Hyr1 Provide Cross-Kingdom Protection Against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Front Immunol 2020; 11:76. [PMID: 32153560 PMCID: PMC7045048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an unprecedented rise in the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNBs) such as Acinetobacter and Klebsiella species. In view of the shortage of novel drugs in the pipeline, alternative strategies to prevent, and treat infections by GNBs are urgently needed. Previously, we have reported that the Candida albicans hypha-regulated protein Hyr1 shares striking three-dimensional structural homology with cell surface proteins of Acinetobacter baumannii. Moreover, active vaccination with rHyr1p-N or passive immunization with anti-Hyr1p polyclonal antibody protects mice from Acinetobacter infection. In the present study, we use molecular modeling to guide design of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated against Hyr1p and show them to bind to priority surface antigens of Acinetobacter and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The anti-Hyr1 mAbs block damage to primary endothelial cells induced by the bacteria and protect mice from lethal pulmonary infections mediated by A. baumannii or K. pneumoniae. Our current studies emphasize the potential of harnessing Hyr1p mAbs as a cross-kingdom immunotherapeutic strategy against MDR GNBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman G. Youssef
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Lina Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Sondus Alkhazraji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Teclegiorgis Gebremariam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Shakti Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Nannette Y. Yount
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Michael R. Yeaman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Priya Uppuluri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashraf S. Ibrahim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Correia-Neves M, Sundling C, Cooper A, Källenius G. Lipoarabinomannan in Active and Passive Protection Against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1968. [PMID: 31572351 PMCID: PMC6749014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are important immunomodulators in tuberculosis. In particular, lipoarabinomannan (LAM) has a profound effect on the innate immune response. LAM and its structural variants can be recognized by and activate human CD1b-restricted T cells, and emerging evidence indicates that B cells and antibodies against LAM can modulate the immune response to Mtb. Anti-LAM antibodies are induced during Mtb infection and after bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, and monoclonal antibodies against LAM have been shown to confer protection by passive administration in mice and guinea pigs. In this review, we describe the immune response against LAM and the potential use of the mannose-capped arabinan moiety of LAM in the construction of vaccine candidates against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group (LTBRG), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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López-Yglesias AH, Lu CC, Zhao X, Chou T, VandenBos T, Strong RK, Smith KD. FliC's Hypervariable D3 Domain Is Required for Robust Anti-Flagellin Primary Antibody Responses. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:422-432. [PMID: 31488506 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1800061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial flagellin is a well-known agonist of the innate immune system that induces proinflammatory responses through the TLR5 and Naip5/6 recognition pathways. Several clinical trials investigating flagellin fusion proteins have demonstrated promising results for inducing protective immunity toward influenza virus, which has been largely attributed to flagellin's ability to activate TLR5. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagellin protein, FliC, induces Ab responses in mice through a third pathway that is independent of TLR5, Casp1/11, and MyD88. In this study, we further define the structural features of FliC that contribute to this unknown third pathway. By destroying the Naip5/6 and TLR5 recognition sites, we demonstrate that neither were required for the TLR5-, inflammasome- and MyD88-independent Ab responses toward FliC. In contrast, deletion of FliC's D3 or D0/D1 domains eliminated primary anti-flagellin Ab responses. For optimal primary and secondary anti-flagellin Ab responses we show that TLR5, inflammasome recognition, and the D3 domain of FliC are essential for flagellin's robust immunogenicity. Our data demonstrate that the D3 domain of FliC influences immunogenicity independent of the known innate recognition sites in the D0/D1 domains to augment Ab production. Our results suggest full-length FliC is critical for optimal immunogenicity and Ab responses in flagellin-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Chi Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Tiffany Chou
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Tim VandenBos
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Roland K Strong
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kelly D Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
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24
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Gupalova T, Leontieva G, Kramskaya T, Grabovskaya K, Kuleshevich E, Suvorov A. Development of experimental pneumococcal vaccine for mucosal immunization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218679. [PMID: 31251760 PMCID: PMC6599147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumonia is an important human pathogen that causes various severe diseases such as pneumonia, otitis and meningitis. Vaccination against S. pneumoniae is implemented in many developed countries. The presently used vaccines are safe, well tolerated but relatively expensive and require modification due to the immunological changes of the epidemic strains. This paper describes the development of a new pneumococcal vaccine candidate for immunization on mucosal surfaces. For this purpose the antigens of chimeric protein PSPF, previously suggested for an injectable S. pneumoniae vaccine, were expressed on the surface of the live probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium L3. Experiments on laboratory mice vaccinated with live bacteria demonstrated the appearance of the specific IgA and IgG which provide protection against the lethal S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Gupalova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina Leontieva
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Tatiana Kramskaya
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kornelya Grabovskaya
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugenia Kuleshevich
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine and Medical Technologies, Faculty of Dentistry and Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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25
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Wang M, Yang H, Wu Y, Fu Z. Fluorescent analysis of Staphylococcus aureus by using daptomycin and immunoglobulin G for dual sites affinity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 215:340-344. [PMID: 30852281 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A dual sites affinity protocol was developed for fluorescent analysis of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by employing daptomycin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the recognition elements. Pig IgG immobilized on microplate was employed as the first recognition element to capture S. aureus owing to the fact that the Fc segment of mammal IgG can selectively bind with protein A on the surface of the target bacteria. Meanwhile, fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated daptomycin was employed as the second recognition element as well as the signal tracer for the target bacteria utilizing the binding capability of daptomycin to Gram-positive bacteria. S. aureus can be analyzed within a concentration range of 5.0 × 103-5.0 × 108 CFU mL-1 with a detection limit of 3.6 × 103 CFU mL-1. The analytical process can be accomplished within 1.5 h by using a pre-coated microplate. The dual sites affinity protocol can exclude the interference led by Gram-negative bacteria and other common Gram-positive bacteria. We have successfully applied it to analyze S. aureus in spiked lake water and physiological saline injection samples, and the recovery values ranged from 88.0% to 120.0%. The results demonstrate its application potential for environmental sanitation and drug safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Honglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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26
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Abstract
Tuberculosis infects one quarter of the world's population and is the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent, responsible for a reported 1.3 million deaths in 2017. While Mycobacterium tuberculosis is treatable with antibiotic therapy, the increased prevalence of drug resistance, coupled with the variable efficacy of the only widely approved vaccine, has highlighted the need for creative approaches to therapeutic and vaccine development. Historically, a productive immune response to M. tuberculosis has been thought to be nearly entirely cell-mediated, with humoral immunity being largely dismissed. However, in this review, we will discuss the historical skepticism surrounding the role of the humoral immune response to M. tuberculosis, and examine more recent evidence suggesting that antibodies may play a valuable role in host defense against the pathogen. Despite the amount of data portraying antibodies in a negative light, emerging data have begun to highlight the unexpected role of antibodies in M. tuberculosis control. Specifically, it has become clear that antibody features of both the variable and constant domain (Fc) ultimately determine the extent to which antibodies modulate disease. Thus, a more precise definition of the antigen-binding and innate immune recruiting functions of antibodies that contribute to M. tuberculosis restriction, are sure to help guide the development of next-generation therapeutics and vaccines to curb this global epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y. Kawahara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward B. Irvine
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Allizond V, Costa C, Sidoti F, Scutera S, Bianco G, Sparti R, Banche G, Dalmasso P, Cuffini AM, Cavallo R, Musso T. Serological and molecular detection of Bartonella henselae in specimens from patients with suspected cat scratch disease in Italy: A comparative study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211945. [PMID: 30735549 PMCID: PMC6368319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disease caused by Bartonella henselae, usually characterized by self-limiting regional lymphadenopathy and fever. Given the low clinical diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of conventional anti-B. henselae indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs), real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of B. henselae is now being proposed as a more sensitive tool to diagnose CSD. Thus, here we have assessed the efficacy of real-time PCR in detecting B. henselae in different specimens from patients with suspected CSD and compared it to that of IFA. From March 2011 to May 2016, at the Microbiology and Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy, 115 clinical specimens (56 aspirated pus, 39 fresh lymph node biopsies, and 20 whole blood samples) and 99 sera from 115 patients with suspected CSD (62 females and 53 males between the ages of 3 months and 68 years) were analyzed by both real-time PCR, used in a qualitative way, and IFA (IgM and IgG) for the presence of B. henselae. For 16 patients, serological results were not available due to a clinical decision not to request the test. B. henselae DNA positivity was detected by real-time PCR in 37.39% of patients, while 62.61% of them were negative. Thus, patients were divided into two groups: real-time PCR+ (n = 43) and real-time PCR- (n = 72). Real-time PCR screening of whole blood, biopsies, and aspirated pus revealed B. henselae positivity in 40%, 38.46%, and 35.71% of patients, respectively. When we analyzed samples by IFA, we found the presence of B. henselae in 28 out of 99 (28.28%) patients, of which 11 (11.11%) belonged to the real-time PCR+ group and 17 (17.17%) to the real-time PCR- group. Among the 71 seronegative subjects, 16 (16.16%) were found positive for B. henselae by real-time PCR. Thus, by combining the results of both assays, we were able to increase the percentage of B. henselae positive specimens from 27.27% (real-time PCR) or 28.28% (IFA) to 44.44% (real-time PCR+IFA). Altogether, these findings indicate that the early detection of B. henselae in patients with suspicious CSD through combined real-time PCR and serological analyses can lead to a more accurate diagnosis of CSD, thereby allowing prompt and appropriate disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Allizond
- Microbiology section, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Sidoti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Scutera
- Microbiology section, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sparti
- Microbiology section, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Microbiology section, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Statistics section, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cuffini
- Microbiology section, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Musso
- Microbiology section, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Durlik K, Czerwonka G, Żarnowiec P, Kaca W. Characterization of Proteus mirabilis Lipopolysaccharide Samples by Infrared Spectroscopy and Serological Methods. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2021:217-230. [PMID: 31309508 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9601-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methods of lipopolysaccharide extraction, purification, and sample validation are presented. Based on serological reaction in ELISA, immunoblotting, and infrared spectra, identities of two LPS preparations from smooth P. mirabilis (O18) PrK 34/57 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Durlik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Paulina Żarnowiec
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Wiesław Kaca
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
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29
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Kim TH, Kim D, Gautam A, Lee H, Kwak MH, Park MC, Park S, Wu G, Lee BL, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. CpG-DNA exerts antibacterial effects by protecting immune cells and producing bacteria-reactive antibodies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16236. [PMID: 30390012 PMCID: PMC6214913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG-DNA activates various immune cells, contributing to the host defense against bacteria. Here, we examined the biological function of CpG-DNA in the production of bacteria-reactive antibodies. The administration of CpG-DNA increased survival in mice following infection with methicillin-resistant S. aureus and protected immune cell populations in the peritoneal cavity, bone marrow, and spleen. CpG-DNA injection likewise increased bacteria-reactive antibodies in the mouse peritoneal fluid and serum, which was dependent on TLR9. B cells isolated from the peritoneal cavity produced bacteria-reactive antibodies in vitro following CpG-DNA administration that enhanced the phagocytic activity of the peritoneal cells. The bacteria-reactive monoclonal antibody enhanced phagocytosis in vitro and protected mice after S. aureus infection. Therefore, we suggest that CpG-DNA enhances the antibacterial activity of the immune system by protecting immune cells and triggering the production of bacteria-reactive antibodies. Consequently, we believe that monoclonal antibodies could aid in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibody Formation/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Staphylococcal Infections/blood
- Staphylococcal Infections/immunology
- Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
- Staphylococcal Infections/therapy
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Ha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Avishekh Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Wu
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Luel Lee
- Global Research Laboratory of Insect Symbiosis, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Kimuda SG, Biraro IA, Bagaya BS, Raynes JG, Cose S. Characterising antibody avidity in individuals of varied Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status using surface plasmon resonance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205102. [PMID: 30312318 PMCID: PMC6185725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence supporting a role for antibodies in protection against tuberculosis (TB), with functional antibodies being described in the latent state of TB infection. Antibody avidity is an important determinant of antibody-mediated protection. This study characterised the avidity of antibodies against Ag85A, an immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) antigen and constituent of several anti-TB vaccine candidates, in individuals of varied M.tb infection status. Avidity of Ag85A specific antibodies was measured in 30 uninfected controls, 34 individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and 75 active pulmonary TB (APTB) cases, employing the more commonly used chaotrope-based dissociation assays, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Chaotrope-based assays indicated that APTB was associated with a higher antibody avidity index compared to uninfected controls [adjusted geometric mean ratio (GMR): 1.641, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.153, 2.337, p = 0.006, q = 0.018] and to individuals with LTBI [adjusted GMR: 1.604, 95% CI: 1.282, 2.006, p < 0.001, q <0.001]. SPR assays showed that APTB was associated with slower dissociation rates, an indication of higher avidity, compared to uninfected controls (adjusted GMR: 0.796, 95% CI: 0.681, 0.932, p = 0.004, q = 0.012) and there was also weak evidence of more avid antibodies in the LTBI compared to the uninfected controls (adjusted GMR: 0.871, 95% CI: 0.763, 0.994, p = 0.041, q = 0.123). We found no statistically significant differences in anti-Ag85A antibody avidity between the APTB and LTBI groups. This study shows that antibodies of increased avidity are generated against a principle vaccine antigen in M.tb infected individuals. It would be important to determine whether TB vaccines are able to elicit a similar response. Additionally, more research is needed to determine whether antibody avidity is important in protection against infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G. Kimuda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia Biraro
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard S. Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John G. Raynes
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Cose
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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31
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Abouelkhair MA, Bemis DA, Giannone RJ, Frank LA, Kania SA. Characterization of a leukocidin identified in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204450. [PMID: 30261001 PMCID: PMC6160070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius are the most common cause of skin infections (pyoderma) affecting dogs. Two component pore-forming leukocidins are a family of potent toxins secreted by staphylococci and consist of S (slow) and F (fast) components. They impair the innate immune system, the first line of defense against these pathogens. Seven different leukocidins have been characterized in Staphylococcus aureus, some of which are host and cell specific. Through genome sequencing and analysis of the S. pseudintermedius secretome using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry we identified two proteins, named "LukS-I" and "LukF-I", encoded on a degenerate prophage contained in the genome of S. pseudintermedius isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of LukS-I components in comparison to the rest of the leukocidin family showed that LukS-I was most closely related to S. intermedius LukS-I, S. aureus LukE and LukP, whereas LukF-I was most similar to S. intermedius LukF-I S. aureus gamma hemolysin subunit B. The killing effect of recombinant S. pseudintermedius LukS-I and LukF-I on canine polymorphonuclear leukocytes was determined using a flow cytometry cell permeability assay. The cytotoxic effect occurred only when the two recombinant proteins were combined. Engineered mutant versions of the two-component pore-forming leukocidins, produced through amino acids substitutions at selected points, were not cytotoxic. Anti-Luk-I produced in dogs against attenuated proteins reduced the cytotoxic effect of native canine leukotoxin which highlights the importance of Luk-I as a promising component in a vaccine against canine S. pseudintermedius infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abouelkhair
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - David A. Bemis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Giannone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Biological Mass Spectrometry, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Frank
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Vanmarsenille C, Elseviers J, Yvanoff C, Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh G, Garcia Rodriguez G, Martens E, Depicker A, Martel A, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F, Hernalsteens JP, De Greve H. In planta expression of nanobody-based designer chicken antibodies targeting Campylobacter. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204222. [PMID: 30260981 PMCID: PMC6160005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a widespread infectious disease, leading to a major health and economic burden. Chickens are considered as the most common infection source for humans. Campylobacter mainly multiplies in the mucus layer of their caeca. No effective control measures are currently available, but passive immunisation of chickens with pathogen-specific maternal IgY antibodies, present in egg yolk of immunised chickens, reduces Campylobacter colonisation. To explore this strategy further, anti-Campylobacter nanobodies, directed against the flagella and major outer membrane proteins, were fused to the constant domains of chicken IgA and IgY, combining the benefits of nanobodies and the effector functions of the Fc-domains. The designer chimeric antibodies were effectively produced in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. Stable expression of the chimeric antibodies in seeds resulted in production levels between 1% and 8% of the total soluble protein. These in planta produced antibodies do not only bind to their purified antigens but also to Campylobacter bacterial cells. In addition, the anti-flagellin chimeric antibodies are reducing the motility of Campylobacter bacteria. These antibody-containing Arabidopsis seeds can be tested for oral passive immunisation of chickens and, if effective, the chimeric antibodies can be produced in crop seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vanmarsenille
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Viral Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jelle Elseviers
- VIB Nanobody Core, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Yvanoff
- ARG VUB-UGent NanoMicrobiology, IJRG VUB-EPFL BioNanotechnology & NanoMedicine, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gabriela Garcia Rodriguez
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edo Martens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Depicker
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Henri De Greve
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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33
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Butt J, Jenab M, Willhauck-Fleckenstein M, Michel A, Pawlita M, Kyrø C, Tjønneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Carbonnel F, Severi G, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, la Vecchia C, Karakatsani A, Panico S, Tumino R, Agnoli C, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Weiderpass E, Sánchez MJ, Bonet Bonet C, Huerta JM, Ardanaz E, Bradbury K, Gunter M, Murphy N, Freisling H, Riboli E, Tsilidis K, Aune D, Waterboer T, Hughes DJ. Prospective evaluation of antibody response to Streptococcus gallolyticus and risk of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:245-252. [PMID: 29377173 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is increasingly implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. A subgroup of patients diagnosed with CRC show high antibody responses to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG). However, it is unclear whether the association is also present pre-diagnostically. We assessed the association of antibody responses to SGG proteins in pre-diagnostic serum samples with CRC risk in a case-control study nested within a prospective cohort. Pre-diagnostic serum samples from 485 first incident CRC cases (mean time between blood draw and diagnosis 3.4 years) and 485 matched controls in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) study were analyzed for antibody responses to 11 SGG proteins using multiplex serology. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Antibody positivity for any of the 11 SGG proteins was significantly associated with CRC risk with 56% positive controls compared to 63% positive cases (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04-1.77). Positivity for two or more proteins of a previously identified SGG 6-marker panel with greater CRC-specificity was also observed among 9% of controls compared to 17% of CRC cases, corresponding to a significantly increased CRC risk (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.44-3.27). In this prospective nested case-control study, we observed a positive association between antibody responses to SGG and CRC development in serum samples taken before evident disease onset. Further work is required to establish the possibly etiological significance of these observations and whether SGG serology may be applicable for CRC risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Diet, Genes and Environment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, Cedex, France
- INSERM UMR 2018 - Health across Generations Team, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, Cedex, France
- INSERM UMR 2018 - Health across Generations Team, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud and Gastroenterology Unit, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, CHU de Bicetre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, Cedex, France
- INSERM UMR 2018 - Health across Generations Team, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Carlo la Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universita degli Studi dei Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartamento di Medicina Clinica e Chirugia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, 'Civic-M.P. Arezzo' Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - H B As Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institut, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Bonet Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Llobregat, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kathryn Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina school of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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McCormick AA, Shakeel A, Yi C, Kaur H, Mansour AM, Bakshi CS. Intranasal administration of a two-dose adjuvanted multi-antigen TMV-subunit conjugate vaccine fully protects mice against Francisella tularensis LVS challenge. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194614. [PMID: 29684046 PMCID: PMC5912714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a fatal human disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative encapsulated coccobacillus bacterium. Due to its low infectious dose, ease of aerosolized transmission, and lethal effects, the CDC lists F. tularensis as a Category A pathogen, the highest level for a potential biothreat agent. Previous vaccine studies have been conducted with live attenuated, inactivated, and subunit vaccines, which have achieved partial or full protection from F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) challenge, but no vaccine has been approved for human use. We demonstrate the improved efficacy of a multi-antigen subunit vaccine by using Tobacco Mosaic virus (TMV) as an antigen carrier for the F. tularensis SchuS4 proteins DnaK, OmpA, SucB and Tul4 (DOST). The magnitude and quality of immune responses were compared after mice were immunized by subcutaneous or intranasal routes of administration with a TMV-DOST mixture, with or without four different adjuvants. Immune responses varied in magnitude and isotype profile, by antigen, by route of administration, and by protection in an F. tularensis LVS challenge model of disease. Interestingly, our analysis demonstrates an overwhelming IgG2 response to SucB after intranasal dosing, as well as a robust cellular response, which may account for the improved two-dose survival imparted by the tetravalent vaccine, compared to a previous study that tested efficacy of TMV-DOT. Our study provides evidence that potent humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity can be achieved by optimal antigen combination, delivery, adjuvant and appropriate route of administration, to improve vaccine potency and provide protection from pathogen challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Francisella tularensis/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Survival Rate
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus/genetics
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus/metabolism
- Tularemia/immunology
- Tularemia/microbiology
- Tularemia/prevention & control
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha Shakeel
- Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA
| | - Chris Yi
- Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA
| | - Ahd M. Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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Ding C, Ma J, Dong Q, Liu Q. Live bacterial vaccine vector and delivery strategies of heterologous antigen: A review. Immunol Lett 2018; 197:70-77. [PMID: 29550258 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Live bacteria, including attenuated bacteria and probiotics, can be engineered to deliver target antigen to excite the host immune system. The preponderance of these live bacterial vaccine vectors is that they can stimulate durable humoral and cellular immunity. Moreover, delivery strategies of heterologous antigen in live bacterial promote the applications of new vaccine development. Genetic technologies are evolving, which potentiate the developing of heterologous antigen delivery systems, including bacterial surface display system, bacterial secretion system and balanced lethal vector system. Although the live bacterial vaccine vector is a powerful adjuvant, certain disadvantages, such as safety risk, must also be taken into account. In this review, we compare the development of representative live bacterial vectors, and summarize the main characterizations of the various delivery strategies of heterologous antigen in live vector vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Ding
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Junfei Ma
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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36
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Kobayashi SD, Porter AR, Freedman B, Pandey R, Chen L, Kreiswirth BN, DeLeo FR. Antibody-Mediated Killing of Carbapenem-Resistant ST258 Klebsiella pneumoniae by Human Neutrophils. mBio 2018; 9:e00297-18. [PMID: 29535199 PMCID: PMC5850326 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00297-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a problem worldwide. A carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae lineage classified as multilocus sequence type 258 (ST258) is prominent in the health care setting in many regions of the world, including the United States. ST258 strains can be resistant to virtually all clinically useful antibiotics; treatment of infections caused by these organisms is difficult, and mortality is high. As a step toward promoting development of new therapeutics for ST258 infections, we tested the ability of rabbit antibodies specific for ST258 capsule polysaccharide to enhance human serum bactericidal activity and promote phagocytosis and killing of these bacteria by human neutrophils. We first demonstrated that an isogenic wzy deletion strain is significantly more susceptible to killing by human heparinized blood, serum, and neutrophils than a wild-type ST258 strain. Consistent with the importance of capsule as an immune evasion molecule, rabbit immune serum and purified IgG specific for ST258 capsule polysaccharide type 2 (CPS2) enhanced killing by human blood and serum in vitro Moreover, antibodies specific for CPS2 promoted phagocytosis and killing of ST258 by human neutrophils. Collectively, our findings suggest that ST258 CPS2 is a viable target for immunoprophylactics and/or therapeutics.IMPORTANCE Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae are difficult to treat, and mortality is high. New prophylactic approaches and/or therapeutic measures are needed to prevent or treat infections caused by these multidrug-resistant bacteria. A strain of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, classified by multilocus sequence typing as ST258, is present in many regions of the world and is the most prominent carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae lineage in the United States. Here we show that rabbit antibodies specific for capsule polysaccharide of ST258 significantly enhance human serum bactericidal activity and promote phagocytosis and killing of this pathogen by human neutrophils. These studies have provided strong support for the idea that development of an immunotherapy (vaccine) for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infections is feasible and has merit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Adeline R Porter
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Brett Freedman
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Public Health Research Institute Tuberculosis Center, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Public Health Research Institute Tuberculosis Center, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Barry N Kreiswirth
- Public Health Research Institute Tuberculosis Center, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Sepulveda D, Aroca MA, Varela A, Del Portillo P, Osma JF. Bioelectrochemical Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 in an Antibody-Based Biomicrosystem. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17102178. [PMID: 28937645 PMCID: PMC5676732 DOI: 10.3390/s17102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical sensing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through electro-immunosensors is a promising technique to detect relevant analytes. In general, immunosensors require the formation of organic assemblies by the adsorption of molecular constituents. Moreover, they depend on the correct immobilization of the bio-recognition element in the biosensor. These procedures cannot be easily monitored without the use of invasive methods. In this work, an impedance analysis technique was used, as a non-invasive method, to measure and differentiate the manufacturing stages of the sensors. Biomicrosystems were fabricated through physical vapor deposition (PVD) of 80 nm Au nanolayers on 35 µm copper surfaces. Later, the surface was modified through thiolation methods generating a self-assembled-monolayer (SAM) with 20 mM 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on which a polyclonal antibody (pAb) was covalently attached. Using impedance analysis, every step of the electro-immunosensor fabrication protocol was characterized using 40 independent replicas. Results showed that, compared to the negative controls, distilled water, and 0.5 µg/mL HSA, a maximum variation of 171% between each replica was achieved when compared to samples containing 0.5 µg/mL of ESAT-6 M. tuberculosis immunodominant protein. Therefore, this development validates a non-invasive method to electrically monitor the assembly process of electro-immunosensors and a tool for its further measure for detection of relevant antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Sepulveda
- CMUA, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, 111711 Bogota, Colombia.
| | - Miguel A Aroca
- CMUA, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, 111711 Bogota, Colombia.
| | - Andres Varela
- CorpoGen, Carrera 5 No. 66A-34, 110231 Bogota, Colombia.
| | | | - Johann F Osma
- CMUA, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, 111711 Bogota, Colombia.
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Evangelista KV, Lourdault K, Matsunaga J, Haake DA. Immunoprotective properties of recombinant LigA and LigB in a hamster model of acute leptospirosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180004. [PMID: 28704385 PMCID: PMC5509140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis and is considered a major public health problem worldwide. Currently, there is no widely available vaccine against leptospirosis for use in humans. A purified, recombinant subunit vaccine that includes the last six immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domains of the leptospiral protein LigA (LigA7'-13) protects against lethal infection but not renal colonization after challenge by Leptospira interrogans. In this study, we examined whether the addition of the first seven Ig-like domains of LigB (LigB0-7) to LigA7'-13, can enhance immune protection and confer sterilizing immunity in the Golden Syrian hamster model of acute leptospirosis. Hamsters were subcutaneously immunized with soluble, recombinant LigA7'-13, LigB0-7, or a combination of LigA7'-13 and LigB0-7 in Freund's adjuvant. Immunization with Lig proteins generated a strong humoral immune response with high titers of IgG that recognized homologous protein, and cross-reacted with the heterologous protein as assessed by ELISA. LigA7'-13 alone, or in combination with LigB0-7, protected all hamsters from intraperitoneal challenge with a lethal dose of L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130. However, bacteria were recovered from the kidneys of all animals. Of eight animals immunized with LigB0-7, only three survived Leptospira challenge, one of which lacked renal colonization and had antibodies to native LigB by immunoblot. In addition, sera from two of the three LigB0-7 immunized survivors cross-reacted with LigA11-13, a region of LigA that is sufficient for protection. In summary, we confirmed that LigA7'-13 protects hamsters from death but not infection, and immunization with LigB0-7, either alone or in combination with LigA7'-13, did not confer sterilizing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen V. Evangelista
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kristel Lourdault
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James Matsunaga
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David A. Haake
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Gómez González NE, Cabas I, Montero J, García Alcázar A, Mulero V, García Ayala A. Histamine and mast cell activator compound 48/80 are safe but inefficient systemic adjuvants for gilthead seabream vaccination. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 72:1-8. [PMID: 28193449 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Histamine has a key role in the regulation of inflammatory and innate immune responses in vertebrates. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), a marine hermaphrodite teleost of great commercial value, was the first fish species shown to possess histamine-containing mast cells (MCs) at mucosal tissues. MCs are highly abundant in the peritoneal exudate of gilthead seabream and compound 48/80 (Co 48/80), often used to promote MC activation and histamine release, is able to promote histamine release from gilthead seabream MCs in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of histamine and Co 48/80 on the immune responses of gilthead seabream. For this purpose, histamine and Co 48/80 were intraperitoneally injected alone or combined with 109 heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum cells and their effects on head kidney and peritoneal exudate were analyzed. The results indicated that although histamine and Co 48/80 were both able to alter the percentage of peritoneal exudate and head kidney immune cell types, only Co 48/80 increased reactive oxygen species production by peritoneal leukocytes. In addition, histamine, but not Co 48/80, was able to slightly impair the humoral adaptive immune response, i.e. production of specific IgM to V. anguillarum. Notably, both histamine and Co 48/80 reduced the expression of the gene encoding histamine receptor H2 in peritoneal exudate leukocytes. These results show for the first time in fish that although systemic administration of histamine and Co 48/80 is safe, neither compound can be regarded as an efficient adjuvant for gilthead seabream vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gómez González
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - I Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Montero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A García Alcázar
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - V Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A García Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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40
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Nguyen HT, Thu Nguyen TT, Tsai MA, Ya-Zhen E, Wang PC, Chen SC. A formalin-inactivated vaccine provides good protection against Vibrio harveyi infection in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 65:118-126. [PMID: 28419854 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is one of the most common threats to farmed grouper, so considerable efforts are in practice to control the pathogen. This study presents a highly effective vaccine against V. harveyi in the orange-spotted grouper with the help of a single intraperitoneal immunization. The vaccine candidate was in form of whole, formalin-inactivated V. harveyi cells combined with a metabolizable ISA763 AVG adjuvant. Our results indicated that the vaccine triggered a remarkably higher expression level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in the groupers' kidneys and spleens, as recorded after 1 and 3 days of immunization. Antibody titers were significantly elevated in the vaccinated fish. A pivotal observation was that the vaccine highly protected the grouper from a homologous V. harveyi strain challenge with relative percentage survival values of 100% and 91.7% at 6 and 12 weeks post-immunization, respectively. Vaccinated fish also demonstrated strong cross-protection against a heterologous bacterial isolate challenge. Therefore, the inactivated V. harveyi vaccine is a promising candidate that could stimulate good immune responses and confer remarkable protection in farmed groupers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Trong Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-An Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - E Ya-Zhen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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Ding F, Paul C, Brlansky R, Hartung JS. Immune Tissue Print and Immune Capture-PCR for Diagnosis and Detection of Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46467. [PMID: 28418002 PMCID: PMC5394477 DOI: 10.1038/srep46467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CaLas), associated with citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), is a non culturable member of the α-proteobacteria. In this study serologically based methods for the detection of CaLas were developed. An anti-outer membrane protein A (OmpA) polyclonal antibody previously produced (in our laboratory) was highly effective for the detection of CaLas from citrus tissues in a simple tissue printing format. The antibody was also used to capture bacteria from periwinkle extracts. About 80% of all field samples analyzed tested positive with both immune tissue printing and qPCR; whereas 95% were positive with at least one of these two methods. When asymptomatic citrus tissues were tested, the tissue printing method gave a higher rate of detection (83%) than the qPCR method (64%). This is consistent with a lower concentration of CaLas DNA, but a higher proportion of viable cells, in the asymptomatic tissues. The immune tissue printing method also highlights the detail of the spatial distribution of 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' in diseased citrus tissues. Both the immune capture PCR and immune tissue printing methods offer the advantages of low cost, high throughput, ease of scaling for multiple samples and simplicity over current PCR-based methods for the detection of 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ding
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- USDA ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cristina Paul
- USDA ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ron Brlansky
- University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
| | - John S. Hartung
- USDA ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
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Ogden NH, Arsenault J, Hatchette TF, Mechai S, Lindsay LR. Antibody responses to Borrelia burgdorferi detected by western blot vary geographically in Canada. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171731. [PMID: 28182723 PMCID: PMC5300191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is emerging in eastern and central Canada, and most cases are diagnosed using the two-tier serological test (Enzyme Immuno Assay [EIA] followed by Western blot [WB]). Simplification of this algorithm would be advantageous unless it impacts test performance. In this study, accuracy of individual proteins of the IgG WB algorithm in predicting the overall test result in samples from Canadians was assessed. Because Borrelia burgdorferi strains vary geographically in Canada, geographic variations in serological responses were also explored. Metrics of relative sensitivity, specificity and the kappa statistic measure of concordance were used to assess the capacity of responses to individual proteins to predict the overall IgG WB result of 2524 EIA (C6)-positive samples from across Canada. Geographic and interannual variations in proportions of samples testing positive were explored by logistic regression. No one protein was highly concordant with the IgG WB result. Significant variations were found amongst years and geographic regions in the prevalence of samples testing positive using the overall IgG WB algorithm, and for individual proteins of the algorithm. In most cases the prevalence of samples testing positive were highest in Nova Scotia, and lower in samples from Manitoba westwards. These findings suggest that the current two tier test may not be simplified and continued use of the current two-tier test method and interpretation is recommended. Geographic and interannual variations in the prevalence of samples testing positive may be consistent with B. burgdorferi strain variation in Canada, and further studies are needed to explore this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H. Ogden
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Todd F. Hatchette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Samir Mechai
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - L. Robbin Lindsay
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Staples KJ, Taylor S, Thomas S, Leung S, Cox K, Pascal TG, Ostridge K, Welch L, Tuck AC, Clarke SC, Gorringe A, Wilkinson TMA. Relationships between Mucosal Antibodies, Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) Infection and Airway Inflammation in COPD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167250. [PMID: 27898728 PMCID: PMC5127575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a key pathogen in COPD, being associated with airway inflammation and risk of exacerbation. Why some patients are susceptible to colonisation is not understood. We hypothesised that this susceptibility may be due to a deficiency in mucosal humoral immunity. The aim of our study (NCT01701869) was to quantify the amount and specificity of antibodies against NTHi in the lungs and the associated risk of infection and inflammation in health and COPD. Phlebotomy, sputum induction and bronchoscopy were performed on 24 mild-to-moderate COPD patients and 8 age and smoking-matched controls. BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage) total IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgM and IgA concentrations were significantly increased in COPD patients compared to controls. NTHi was detected in the lungs of 7 of the COPD patients (NTHi+ve-29%) and these patients had a higher median number of previous exacerbations than NTHi-ve patients as well as evidence of increased systemic inflammation. When comparing NTHi+ve versus NTHi-ve patients we observed a decrease in the amount of both total IgG1 (p = 0.0068) and NTHi-specific IgG1 (p = 0.0433) in the BAL of NTHi+ve patients, but no differences in total IgA or IgM. We observed no evidence of decreased IgG1 in the serum of NTHi+ve patients, suggesting this phenomenon is restricted to the airway. Furthermore, the NTHi+ve patients had significantly greater levels of IL-1β (p = 0.0003), in BAL than NTHi-ve COPD patients.This study indicates that the presence of NTHi is associated with reduced levels and function of IgG1 in the airway of NTHi-colonised COPD patients. This decrease in total and NTHI-specific IgG1 was associated with greater systemic and airway inflammation and a history of more frequent exacerbations and may explain the susceptibility of some COPD patients to the impacts of NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J. Staples
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Thomas
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Leung
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Cox
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kristoffer Ostridge
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Welch
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Tuck
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart C. Clarke
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Vacca I, Del Tordello E, Gasperini G, Pezzicoli A, Di Fede M, Rossi Paccani S, Marchi S, Mubaiwa TD, Hartley-Tassell LE, Jennings MP, Seib KL, Masignani V, Pizza M, Serruto D, Aricò B, Delany I. Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA) Contributes to the Adhesion of Neisseria meningitidis to Human Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162878. [PMID: 27780200 PMCID: PMC5079597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA) is a surface-exposed lipoprotein ubiquitously expressed by Neisseria meningitidis strains and an antigen of the Bexsero® vaccine. NHBA binds heparin through a conserved Arg-rich region that is the target of two proteases, the meningococcal NalP and human lactoferrin (hLf). In this work, in vitro studies showed that recombinant NHBA protein was able to bind epithelial cells and mutations of the Arg-rich tract abrogated this binding. All N-terminal and C-terminal fragments generated by NalP or hLf cleavage, regardless of the presence or absence of the Arg-rich region, did not bind to cells, indicating that a correct positioning of the Arg-rich region within the full length protein is crucial. Moreover, binding was abolished when cells were treated with heparinase III, suggesting that this interaction is mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). N. meningitidis nhba knockout strains showed a significant reduction in adhesion to epithelial cells with respect to isogenic wild-type strains and adhesion of the wild-type strain was inhibited by anti-NHBA antibodies in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, the results demonstrate that NHBA contributes to meningococcal adhesion to epithelial cells through binding to HSPGs and suggest a possible role of anti-Bexsero® antibodies in the prevention of colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tsisti D. Mubaiwa
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate L. Seib
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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45
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Herman-Bausier P, Valotteau C, Pietrocola G, Rindi S, Alsteens D, Foster TJ, Speziale P, Dufrêne YF. Mechanical Strength and Inhibition of the Staphylococcus aureus Collagen-Binding Protein Cna. mBio 2016; 7:e01529-16. [PMID: 27795393 PMCID: PMC5080380 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01529-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus expresses a variety of cell surface adhesion proteins that bind to host extracellular matrix proteins. Among these, the collagen (Cn)-binding protein Cna plays important roles in bacterium-host adherence and in immune evasion. While it is well established that the A region of Cna mediates ligand binding, whether the repetitive B region has a dedicated function is not known. Here, we report the direct measurement of the mechanical strength of Cna-Cn bonds on living bacteria, and we quantify the antiadhesion activity of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting this interaction. We demonstrate that the strength of Cna-Cn bonds in vivo is very strong (~1.2 nN), consistent with the high-affinity "collagen hug" mechanism. The B region is required for strong ligand binding and has been found to function as a spring capable of sustaining high forces. This previously undescribed mechanical response of the B region is of biological significance as it provides a means to project the A region away from the bacterial surface and to maintain bacterial adhesion under conditions of high forces. We further quantified the antiadhesion activity of MAbs raised against the A region of Cna directly on living bacteria without the need for labeling or purification. Some MAbs are more efficient in blocking single-cell adhesion, suggesting that they act as competitive inhibitors that bind Cna residues directly involved in ligand binding. This report highlights the role of protein mechanics in activating the function of staphylococcal adhesion proteins and emphasizes the potential of antibodies to prevent staphylococcal adhesion and biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE Cna is a collagen (Cn)-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus that is involved in pathogenesis. Currently, we know little about the functional role of the repetitive B region of the protein. Here, we unravel the mechanical strength of Cna in living bacteria. We show that single Cna-Cn bonds are very strong, reflecting high-affinity binding by the collagen hug mechanism. We discovered that the B region behaves as a nanospring capable of sustaining high forces. This unanticipated mechanical response, not previously described for any staphylococcal adhesin, favors a model in which the B region has a mechanical function that is essential for strong ligand binding. Finally, we assess the antiadhesion activity of monoclonal antibodies against Cna, suggesting that they could be used to inhibit S. aureus adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Valotteau
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Rindi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - David Alsteens
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Timothy J Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium
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46
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Raeven RHM, Brummelman J, van der Maas L, Tilstra W, Pennings JLA, Han WGH, van Els CACM, van Riet E, Kersten GFA, Metz B. Immunological Signatures after Bordetella pertussis Infection Demonstrate Importance of Pulmonary Innate Immune Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164027. [PMID: 27711188 PMCID: PMC5053408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective immunity against Bordetella pertussis is currently under discussion following the stacking evidence of pertussis resurgence in the vaccinated population. Natural immunity is more effective than vaccine-induced immunity indicating that knowledge on infection-induced responses may contribute to improve vaccination strategies. We applied a systems biology approach comprising microarray, flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassays to unravel the molecular and cellular signatures in unprotected mice and protected mice with infection-induced immunity, around a B. pertussis challenge. Pre-existing systemic memory Th1/Th17 cells, memory B-cells, and mucosal IgA specific for Ptx, Vag8, Fim2/3 were detected in the protected mice 56 days after an experimental infection. In addition, pre-existing high activity and reactivation of pulmonary innate cells such as alveolar macrophages, M-cells and goblet cells was detected. The pro-inflammatory responses in the lungs and serum, and neutrophil recruitment in the spleen upon an infectious challenge of unprotected mice were absent in protected mice. Instead, fast pulmonary immune responses in protected mice led to efficient bacterial clearance and harbored potential new gene markers that contribute to immunity against B. pertussis. These responses comprised of innate makers, such as Clca3, Retlna, Glycam1, Gp2, and Umod, next to adaptive markers, such as CCR6+ B-cells, CCR6+ Th17 cells and CXCR6+ T-cells as demonstrated by transcriptome analysis. In conclusion, besides effective Th1/Th17 and mucosal IgA responses, the primary infection-induced immunity benefits from activation of pulmonary resident innate immune cells, achieved by local pathogen-recognition. These molecular signatures of primary infection-induced immunity provided potential markers to improve vaccine-induced immunity against B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- René H. M. Raeven
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeroen L. A. Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection (GZB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wanda G. H. Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A. C. M. van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gideon F. A. Kersten
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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47
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Gao X, Zhang X, Sun J, Du X, Li X, Zhang Y, Lin L. Passive protection effect of anti-Vibrio anguillarum IgY-encapsulated feed on half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevi) against V. anguillarum. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 56:483-488. [PMID: 27495124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum is one of the most harmful pathogens associated with hemorrhage septicemia syndrome in the half-smooth tongue sole (C. semilaevis) due to its high virulence. In this study, we attempted to treat half-smooth tongue sole with anti-V. anguillarum egg yolk powder to elicit a passive immunity directly against V. anguillarum infection. Anti-V. anguillarum IgY was β-cyclodextrin encapsulated in egg yolk powders as feed, which could avoid antibody inactivation in the gastrointestinal tract of half-smooth tongue sole. The IgY had an inhibiting effect on the infection of V. anguillarum in vitro. The survival rate of half-smooth tongue sole fed with basal diet containing 15% anti-V. anguillarum egg yolk powder was 70% after 7 days post-V. anguillarum challenge (10(7) CFU), which was significantly higher than those fed without anti-V. anguillarum egg yolk powder. As well, the bacterial burden in blood, liver, spleen and kidney was significantly lower in half-smooth tongue sole fed with specific IgY than those fed with non-specific IgY. These results suggested that pathogen-specific IgY may provide a valuable treatment for vibriosis infection and can be a promising food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; College of Ocean, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Jingjing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; College of Ocean, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xuedi Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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48
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Ding F, Duan Y, Yuan Q, Shao J, Hartung JS. Serological detection of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in citrus, and identification by GeLC-MS/MS of a chaperone protein responding to cellular pathogens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29272. [PMID: 27381064 PMCID: PMC4933950 DOI: 10.1038/srep29272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe experiments with antibodies against 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus used to detect the pathogen in infected plants. We used scFv selected to bind epitopes exposed on the surface of the bacterium in tissue prints, with secondary monoclonal antibodies directed at a FLAG epitope included at the carboxyl end of the scFv. Unexpectedly, the anti-FLAG secondary antibody produced positive results with CaLas diseased samples when the primary scFv were not used. The anti-FLAG monoclonal antibody (Mab) also identified plants infected with other vascular pathogens. We then identified a paralogous group of secreted chaperone proteins in the HSP-90 family that contained the amino acid sequence DDDDK identical to the carboxy-terminal sequence of the FLAG epitope. A rabbit polyclonal antibody against one of the same epitopes combined with a goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody produced very strong purple color in individual phloem cells, as expected for this pathogen. These results were entirely specific for CaLas-infected citrus. The simplicity, cost and ability to scale the tissue print assay makes this an attractive assay to complement PCR-based assays currently in use. The partial FLAG epitope may itself be useful as a molecular marker for the rapid screening of citrus plants for the presence of vascular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
- USDA ARS MPPL 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Yongping Duan
- USDA ARS USHRL 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Qing Yuan
- Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000 P. R. China
| | - Jonathan Shao
- USDA ARS MPPL 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - John S. Hartung
- USDA ARS MPPL 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
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49
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Wang E, Wang J, Long B, Wang K, He Y, Yang Q, Chen D, Geng Y, Huang X, Ouyang P, Lai W. Molecular cloning, expression and the adjuvant effects of interleukin-8 of channel catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) against Streptococcus iniae. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29310. [PMID: 27373470 PMCID: PMC4931690 DOI: 10.1038/srep29310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) as an important cytokine involving in inflammatory and immune response, has been studied as effective adjuvants for vaccines in mammals. However, there are fewer reports about the characterization and adjuvant effects of IL-8 in fish. In this study, cloning and sequence analysis of IL-8 coding region of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were conducted, mature IL-8(rtIL-8) was expressed and evaluated for its adjuvant effects on the immunoprotection of subunit vaccine encoding α-enolase (rENO) of Streptococcus iniae from several aspects in channel catfish. The results showed co-vaccination of rENO with rtIL-8 enhanced immune responses including humoral and cellular immunity, with higher relative percent survival(RPS,71.4%) compared with the moderate RPS of rENO alone(50%) against S. iniae infection at 4 week post vaccination. While rtIL-8 failed to maintain long-lasting immune protection, only with RPS of 26.67% in rENO + rtIL-8-vaccinated fish compared with that of rENO alone(20%) at 8 week, signifying that IL-8 hold promise for use as potential immunopotentiator in vaccines against bacterial infections in fish, whereas it is insufficient to extend the immunoprotection for long time, and further studies are required to understand the mechanisms of IL-8 used as an adjuvant and seek for more effective way to strengthen the adjuvanticity of IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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50
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Yardimci B, Didinen BI, Onuk EE, Metin S, Ciftci A, Kubilay A, Pekmezci GZ, Eralp H. Immunohistochemical evaluation of experimental Vagococcus salmoninarum infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). J Fish Dis 2016; 39:547-553. [PMID: 26095881 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following experimental vagococcosis. For this purpose, 60 rainbow trout were used. The experimental study used the pathogen Vagococcus salmoninarum. The fish were intraperitoneally (IP) administered with an inoculate containing 0.1 mL of the bacteria, resulting in a dose of 1.2 × 10(9) cfu mL(-1) per fish. For histopathological observations, tissue samples were taken from fish that died during the experiment and fish that survived until the end of the trial (60th day). All the tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and immunofluorescence methods using polyclonal antibody to detect V. salmoninarum antigens. In immunoperoxidase staining, positive reactions to bacterial antigens were most commonly seen in the kidney, heart and liver. In the immunofluorescence analysis, the distribution of antigens in the tissue and organs was similar to that observed with the immunoperoxidase staining. The results reveal an important correlation between histochemical and immunohistochemical staining in demonstrating the distribution of V. salmoninarum antigens in the affected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yardimci
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - B I Didinen
- Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - E E Onuk
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - S Metin
- Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - A Ciftci
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - A Kubilay
- Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - G Z Pekmezci
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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