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Bula G, Baillif S, Labalette P, Martel P, De Massary M, Ghetemme C, Mondot L, Martel A. [Contribution of technological aids to the extraction of orbital foreign bodies]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104190. [PMID: 38669863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Removal of orbital foreign bodies is a surgical challenge. The purpose of this study is to report our experience in the removal of orbital foreign bodies and to evaluate the usefulness of various technological aids in their removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective study at Nice University Hospital (France) from January 2017 to December 2023. All patients undergoing surgery for an orbital foreign body during the study period were included. Data recorded included the nature of the orbital foreign body, its size, location, surgical route, outcome (success, partial success, failure), and technological aids used (intraoperative navigation, intraoperative imaging scope, orbital magnet). Concurrently, we designed a dedicated orbital magnet, which was tested in the anatomy laboratory and in two of our patients. RESULTS Six patients, all young men, were included during the study period. Removal was successful, partially successful, or unsuccessful in one-third of cases, respectively. Failure was associated with orbital foreign bodies located in the intraconal or posterior orbital space. Preoperatively, the use of a "low-artifact" scanner allowed us to better determine the exact size and shape of the orbital foreign body. Intraoperative navigation was not accurate enough, due to the mobility of the orbital bodies within the orbital fat. In our experience, intraoperative scope imaging was more accurate. The use of a dedicated orbital magnet was successfully tested in the anatomy laboratory and allowed the removal of a small orbital foreign body in one of our patients. Intraoperative surgical videos are provided. CONCLUSION Vegetal orbital foreign bodies must be systematically removed. Removal of non-vegetal orbital foreign bodies should be considered on a case-by-case basis based on their size, best assessed using a "low artifact" scanner, their location, and their intrinsic ferromagnetism. Intraoperative navigation does not appear useful, while intraoperative scope imaging does. A dedicated orbital magnet might be helpful in removing ferromagnetic orbital foreign bodies. However, an orbital magnet may be ineffective in removing intraorbital bullets, since they are made primarily of an alloy of copper and lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bula
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur 2, 30, voie Romaine, CS 51069, 06001 Nice cedex 1, France; Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Lille, université de Lille, hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - S Baillif
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur 2, 30, voie Romaine, CS 51069, 06001 Nice cedex 1, France
| | - P Labalette
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Lille, université de Lille, hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | | | - M De Massary
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Lille, université de Lille, hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - C Ghetemme
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur 2, 30, voie Romaine, CS 51069, 06001 Nice cedex 1, France
| | - L Mondot
- Service de radiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur 2, Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur 2, 30, voie Romaine, CS 51069, 06001 Nice cedex 1, France.
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Lacroix C, Maalouf T, Angioi-Duprez K, Fauquier S, Martel A. Advantage of a naso-septal mucosal flap for complex medial canthal reconstructions. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104180. [PMID: 38574413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- C Lacroix
- Ophthalmology Department, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, 29, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - T Maalouf
- Ophthalmology Department, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, 29, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - K Angioi-Duprez
- Ophthalmology Department, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, 29, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - S Fauquier
- Monticelli Clinic, 8, allée Marcel-Leclerc, 13008 Marseille, France
| | - A Martel
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, Côte d'Azur University, 30, voie romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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Ngo LC, Nahon-Estève S, Maschi C, Martel A, Lassalle S, Tieulie N, Baillif S. Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and course of ocular sarcoidosis with or without uveitis: A retrospective, comparative study. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104153. [PMID: 38696861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, visual prognosis, and course between ocular sarcoidosis with or without uveitis in a population in Southern France. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with ocular sarcoidosis in a tertiary eye care center in Nice from January 2003 to December 2021. The inclusion criterion was biopsy-proven ocular sarcoidosis according to IWOS criteria as the first clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were included. Twenty patients had uveitis (70% panuveitis, 20% intermediate uveitis, and 10% anterior uveitis) and five patients had non-uveitic ocular sarcoidosis (one patient with dacryoadenitis, one patient with orbital granuloma, two patients with palpebral granuloma, and one patient with episcleritis). Only the cases with uveitis had bilateral involvement (85% of cases). There was no significant difference in ethnicity, biopsy diagnosis, systemic manifestations, or treatment between the two groups. Final visual outcomes remained good for both groups, with 96% of patients with BCVA>20/50, with no significant difference. Patients with non-uveitic sarcoidosis experienced less recurrence on treatment (P=0.042) and more remission (P=0.038) than patients with uveitis. Eighty percent of patients with uveitis had at least three suggestive clinical intraocular signs meeting IWOS criteria. CONCLUSION In this population in Southern France, uveitis was the most common presentation of ocular sarcoidosis. The type of ocular sarcoidosis does not appear to be correlated with the type of systemic manifestations, use of systemic therapy, or visual prognosis, but patients with non-uveitic ocular sarcoidosis appear to have a better course with fewer recurrences on treatment and more remission than patients with uveitic ocular sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Ngo
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Côte-d'Azur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - S Nahon-Estève
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Côte-d'Azur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Laboratoire d'anatomopathologie, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, université Côte-d'Azur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Nice, France.
| | - C Maschi
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Côte-d'Azur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Côte-d'Azur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Laboratoire d'anatomopathologie, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, université Côte-d'Azur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - S Lassalle
- Laboratoire d'anatomopathologie, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, université Côte-d'Azur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - N Tieulie
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Côte-d'Azur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - S Baillif
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Côte-d'Azur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
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Mulder KP, Savage AE, Gratwicke B, Longcore JE, Bronikowski E, Evans M, Longo AV, Kurata NP, Walsh T, Pasmans F, McInerney N, Murray S, Martel A, Fleischer RC. Sequence capture identifies fastidious chytrid fungi directly from host tissue. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 170:103858. [PMID: 38101696 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) was discovered in 1998 as the cause of chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease causing mass declines in amphibian populations worldwide. The rapid population declines of the 1970s-1990s were likely caused by the spread of a highly virulent lineage belonging to the Bd-GPL clade that was introduced to naïve susceptible populations. Multiple genetically distinct and regional lineages of Bd have since been isolated and sequenced, greatly expanding the known biological diversity within this fungal pathogen. To date, most Bd research has been restricted to the limited number of samples that could be isolated using culturing techniques, potentially causing a selection bias for strains that can grow on media and missing other unculturable or fastidious strains that are also present on amphibians. We thus attempted to characterize potentially non-culturable genetic lineages of Bd from distinct amphibian taxa using sequence capture technology on DNA extracted from host tissue and swabs. We focused our efforts on host taxa from two different regions that likely harbored distinct Bd clades: (1) wild-caught leopard frogs (Rana) from North America, and (2) a Japanese Giant Salamander (Andrias japonicus) at the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park that exhibited signs of disease and tested positive for Bd using qPCR, but multiple attempts failed to isolate and culture the strain for physiological and genetic characterization. We successfully enriched for and sequenced thousands of fungal genes from both host clades, and Bd load was positively associated with number of recovered Bd sequences. Phylogenetic reconstruction placed all the Rana-derived strains in the Bd-GPL clade. In contrast, the A. japonicus strain fell within the Bd-Asia3 clade, expanding the range of this clade and generating additional genomic data to confirm its placement. The retrieved ITS locus matched public barcoding data from wild A. japonicus and Bd infections found on other amphibians in India and China, suggesting that this uncultured clade is widespread across Asia. Our study underscores the importance of recognizing and characterizing the hidden diversity of fastidious strains in order to reconstruct the spatiotemporal and evolutionary history of Bd. The success of the sequence capture approach highlights the utility of directly sequencing pathogen DNA from host tissue to characterize cryptic diversity that is missed by culture-reliant approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Mulder
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Anna E Savage
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Brian Gratwicke
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joyce E Longcore
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Ed Bronikowski
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew Evans
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ana V Longo
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naoko P Kurata
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim Walsh
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nancy McInerney
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Suzan Murray
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Monjanel B, Nivaggioni G, Staccini P, Gastaud L, Lassalle S, Baillif S, Tieulie N, Martel A. Can 18F-FDG PET/CT findings be used to predict orbital tumor histology? J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:103958. [PMID: 37758546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether 18F-FDG PET/CT might be useful to predict the histology of various orbital tumors based on the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and the OMSUV (orbital max SUV)/MLSUV (mean liver SUV) ratio. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective single-center study was conducted between May 2019 and December 2020. Patients with an orbital mass who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT followed by an orbital biopsy were included. Tumor histology was classified as follows: orbital inflammation, solid tumor, low-grade lymphoid tumor, and high-grade lymphoid tumor. Orbital tumors were also classified as indolent or aggressive. Data recorded included the orbital SUVmax, OMSUV/MLSUV ratio and additional extra-orbital SUV sites. RESULTS Forty-five patients (24 men) were included. There were 15 (33.3%), 14 (31.1%), 9 (20%), and 7 (15.5%) cases of orbital inflammation, solid tumor, low-grade lymphoid tumor, and high-grade lymphoid tumor, respectively. No correlation was found between the OMSUV/MLSUV ratio and orbital SUVmax and tumor histology (Z = -0.77, Z = -0.6, Z = -1.6, and Z = 0.94, all P > 0.05, respectively). No correlation was found between the OMSUV/MLSUV ratio (Z = -1.42, P > 0.05) and orbital SUVmax (Z = -0.82, P > 0.05) and tumor aggressiveness (indolent versus aggressive). Subgroup analyses showed that SUVmax was predictive of lymphoma aggressiveness (P = 0.05) and was able to distinguish orbital cancers (all lymphomas+solid tumors) from benign tumors (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION 18F-FDG PET/CT could not be used to predict the underlying orbital tumor histology. However, more aggressive tumors, especially high-grade lymphomas and cancers, tended to have a higher orbital SUVmax compared to indolent lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Monjanel
- Ophthalmology department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - G Nivaggioni
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology Department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - P Staccini
- Statistics department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - L Gastaud
- Oncology department, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, 33, avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - S Lassalle
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur 1 Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - S Baillif
- Ophthalmology department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - N Tieulie
- Rheumatology department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- Ophthalmology department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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Martini K, Baillif S, Nahon-Esteve S, Denis P, Martel A. Intraoperative iStent versus postoperative selective laser trabeculoplasty in early glaucoma patients undergoing cataract surgery: A retrospective comparative study. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:103956. [PMID: 37783587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of iStent inject® versus 360° selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with early glaucoma undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS A retrospective non-randomized study was conducted in 73 eyes divided into two groups: cataract surgery+intraoperative iStent (n=40) versus cataract surgery+postoperative SLT at one month (n=33). The primary endpoint was intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering≥20% between baseline and 6 months postoperatively. The secondary endpoints were IOP lowering at 1, 6 and 12 months, and the mean number of IOP-lowering medications at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS The mean baseline IOP was 19.1 mmHg with no significant difference between groups. The mean baseline number of IOP-lowering medications was higher in the iStent group (n=1.95) compared to the SLT group (n=1.53; P=0.04). At 6 months, 18 (60%) patients in the SLT group and 20 (51%) patients in the iStent group achieved IOP lowering≥20% with no significant difference between groups (P=0.431). At 6 months, no difference in the mean number of IOP-lowering medications was found between groups (-0.92 and -0.89 in the iStent and SLT groups, respectively). Similar results were found at 12 months. CONCLUSION These results suggest similar safety and efficacy of intraoperative iStent and postoperative 360° SLT in lowering IOP and reducing glaucoma eye drops in early glaucoma patients undergoing cataract surgery. Treatment choice should be based on the ophthalmologist's experience and on the cost-benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Martini
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - S Baillif
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Nahon-Esteve
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - P Denis
- Ophtalmology Department, University Hospital of La-Croix-Rousse, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - A Martel
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
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Tieulié N, Martel A, Lassalle S, Nourrisson F, Paccoud O, Vandersteen C, Queyrel V. [A swollen eye]. Rev Med Interne 2024; 45:52-54. [PMID: 37981510 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2023.10.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Tieulié
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - S Lassalle
- Laboratoire d'anatomopathologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - F Nourrisson
- Institut universitaire de la face et du cou, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - O Paccoud
- Service de maladies infectieuses, hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - C Vandersteen
- Institut universitaire de la face et du cou, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - V Queyrel
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France.
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Haems K, Van Rysselberghe N, Goossens E, Strubbe D, Rasschaert G, Martel A, Pasmans F, Garmyn A. Reducing Campylobacter colonization in broilers by active immunization of naive broiler breeders using a bacterin and subunit vaccine. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103075. [PMID: 37748236 PMCID: PMC10522981 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the main cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide, with 50 to 80% of the cases related to consumption of poultry products. Maternal antibodies (MAB) from commercial breeder flocks may protect their progeny against infection during the first few weeks of life. We here studied the prevalence of Campylobacter antibody titers in broiler breeder flocks and to which extent immunization of broiler breeders increases maternal anti-Campylobacter titers in their progeny and protects the offspring against Campylobacter colonization. Two vaccines were used: a bacterin mix of 13 Campylobacter strains and a subunit vaccine comprising 6 immunodominant Campylobacter antigens. All sampled on-farm breeder flocks were positive for anti-Campylobacter antibodies, yet in some breeder flocks only very low titers were detected. Vaccination of SPF broiler breeder flocks with both subunit and bacterin vaccines resulted in a prolonged presence of anti-Campylobacter antibodies in the serum and intestinal mucus of chicks. These bacterin- or subunit vaccine-induced MAB conferred protection against Campylobacter colonization in chicks until 7 and 21 d of age, respectively, but only at a low challenge dose (102.5 cfu). The concentration of MAB in the mucus is probably too low to sufficiently capture Campylobacter when higher challenge doses are used. In conclusion, vaccinating broiler breeders protects their offspring against Campylobacter colonization under low pathogen exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Haems
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Van Rysselberghe
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Diederik Strubbe
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Ghent University, B9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, B9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Garmyn
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Rocchi C, Martel A. [Current status of French oculoplastics in France and in Europe]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:1232-1243. [PMID: 37845142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2023, oculoplastics in France is experiencing a paradox with an imbalance between demand and supply of trainees. The goal of this study is to establish a factual overview of oculoplastics in France, with its limitations, and make proposals to optimize this sector. METHODS An observational study was conducted by compiling epidemiological data related to oculoplastics. This included full-time hospital practitioners (HPs) in French university hospitals (FUH), data from the distributed computerized system for health assessment (SIDES), the specialized cross-disciplinary training (FST) in oculoplastics, the interuniversity diploma (DIU) in oculoplastics, the French University Ophthalmologists College (COUF), and the French Society of Reconstructive and Aesthetic Ophthalmology (SOPREF). RESULTS Of the 32 FUH, only 11 full-time HPs (among them 5 academic) are specialized in oculoplastics. Several "priority" regions are underrepresented in oculoplastic surgeons. The number of ophthalmology residency coordinators and residents participating in the oculoplastics FST are decreasing over time and favoring other subspecialties. On the SIDES platform dedicated to residents, 26 (11.5%) of the 226 courses are devoted to oculoplastics. The role of women in oculoplastics is also discussed. CONCLUSION Despite offering quality theoretical training, the future of French oculoplastics is clouded by a lack of practical training. Corrective measures include increasing oculoplastic surgeons in the FUH, developing private practice fellowships, prioritizing residents from "priority" regions for the oculoplastics DIU, optimizing the inter-CHU network, creating innovative teaching resources, and organizing specific congresses for the residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rocchi
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- University Hospital of Nice, 30 voie romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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Gray MJ, Ossiboff RJ, Berger L, Bletz MC, Carter ED, DeMarchi JA, Grayfer L, Lesbarrères D, Malagon DA, Martel A, Miller DL, Pasmans F, Skerratt LF, Towe AE, Wilber MQ. One Health Approach to Globalizing, Accelerating, and Focusing Amphibian and Reptile Disease Research-Reflections and Opinions from the First Global Amphibian and Reptile Disease Conference. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1-7. [PMID: 37735750 PMCID: PMC10521610 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.221899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The world's reptiles and amphibians are experiencing dramatic and ongoing losses in biodiversity, changes that can have substantial effects on ecosystems and human health. In 2022, the first Global Amphibian and Reptile Disease Conference was held, using One Health as a guiding principle. The conference showcased knowledge on numerous reptile and amphibian pathogens from several standpoints, including epidemiology, host immune defenses, wild population effects, and mitigation. The conference also provided field experts the opportunity to discuss and identify the most urgent herpetofaunal disease research directions necessary to address current and future threats to reptile and amphibian biodiversity.
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Razlog E, Gire J, Arndt C, Denoyer A, Lassalle S, Baillif S, Martel A. Giant conjunctival inclusion cyst mimicking an orbital tumor. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:e274-e275. [PMID: 37085366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Razlog
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Robert-Debré de Reims, université Reims - Champagne-Ardenne, rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - J Gire
- Centre de consultation ophtalmologique, 80, allée des Ormes, 06250 Mougins, France
| | - C Arndt
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Robert-Debré de Reims, université Reims - Champagne-Ardenne, rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France
| | - A Denoyer
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Robert-Debré de Reims, université Reims - Champagne-Ardenne, rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France
| | - S Lassalle
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Baillif
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
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Erens J, Preissler K, Speybroeck J, Beukema W, Spitzen-van der Sluijs A, Stark T, Laudelout A, Kinet T, Schmidt BR, Martel A, Steinfartz S, Pasmans F. Divergent population responses following salamander mass mortalities and declines driven by the emerging pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230510. [PMID: 37752840 PMCID: PMC10523083 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding wildlife responses to novel threats is vital in counteracting biodiversity loss. The emerging pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) causes dramatic declines in European salamander populations, and is considered an imminent threat to global amphibian biodiversity. However, real-life disease outcomes remain largely uncharacterized. We performed a multidisciplinary assessment of the longer-term impacts of Bsal on highly susceptible fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) populations, by comparing four of the earliest known outbreak sites to uninfected sites. Based on large-scale monitoring efforts, we found population persistence in strongly reduced abundances to over a decade after Bsal invasion, but also the extinction of an initially small-sized population. In turn, we found that host responses varied, and Bsal detection remained low, within surviving populations. Demographic analyses indicated an ongoing scarcity of large reproductive adults with potential for recruitment failure, while spatial comparisons indicated a population remnant persisting within aberrant habitat. Additionally, we detected no early signs of severe genetic deterioration, yet nor of increased host resistance. Beyond offering additional context to Bsal-driven salamander declines, results highlight how the impacts of emerging hypervirulent pathogens can be unpredictable and vary across different levels of biological complexity, and how limited pathogen detectability after population declines may complicate surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Erens
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wouter Beukema
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarieke Spitzen-van der Sluijs
- Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tariq Stark
- Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Benedikt R. Schmidt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Info fauna karch, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Verdier B, Lassalle S, Razlog E, Martel A, Nahon-Estève S. Choroidal metastasis of a thymic carcinoma. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023:S0181-5512(23)00271-1. [PMID: 37419722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Verdier
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Lassalle
- Laboratoire de pathologie clinique et expérimentale, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - E Razlog
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Reims - Champagne-Ardenne, CHU Robert-Debré de Reims, rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France
| | - A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Nahon-Estève
- Service d'ophtalmologie, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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14
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Martel A. [Teprotumumab for the treatment of thyroid eye disease: The Holy grail, really?]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:567-570. [PMID: 37068976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Martel
- Ophthalmology department, University Hospital of Nice, Cote d'Azur University, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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15
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Razlog E, Baillif S, Arndt C, Denoyer A, Martel A. Amniotic membrane graft for the treatment of a wound healing delay in an exenterated orbital socket after radiation therapy. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:e97-e98. [PMID: 36609070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Razlog
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Robert-Debré de Reims, université Reims - Champagne-Ardenne, rue du Général-Koenig, 51100 Reims, France
| | - S Baillif
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, Voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - C Arndt
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Robert-Debré de Reims, université Reims - Champagne-Ardenne, rue du Général-Koenig, 51100 Reims, France
| | - A Denoyer
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Robert-Debré de Reims, université Reims - Champagne-Ardenne, rue du Général-Koenig, 51100 Reims, France
| | - A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, Voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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Martel A, Nahon-Estève S, Almairac F, Baillif S. Ultrasonic orbital tumor debulking… with a phaco tip! Does it work? J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:430-432. [PMID: 36863902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France; Laboratoire de pathologie clinique et expérimentale (LPCE), CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - S Nahon-Estève
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France; Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), équipe 1, Inserm U1065, Nice, France
| | - F Almairac
- Service de neurochirurgie, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Baillif
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
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Barbi A, Goessens T, Strubbe D, Deknock A, Van Leeuwenberg R, De Troyer N, Verbrugghe E, Greener M, De Baere S, Lens L, Goethals P, Martel A, Croubels S, Pasmans F. Widespread triazole pesticide use affects infection dynamics of a global amphibian pathogen. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:313-322. [PMID: 36592335 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The sixth mass extinction is a consequence of complex interplay between multiple stressors with negative impact on biodiversity. We here examine the interaction between two globally widespread anthropogenic drivers of amphibian declines: the fungal disease chytridiomycosis and antifungal use in agriculture. Field monitoring of 26 amphibian ponds in an agricultural landscape shows widespread occurrence of triazole fungicides in the water column throughout the amphibian breeding season, together with a negative correlation between early season application of epoxiconazole and the prevalence of chytrid infections in aquatic newts. While triazole concentrations in the ponds remained below those that inhibit growth of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, they bioaccumulated in the newts' skin up to tenfold, resulting in cutaneous growth-suppressing concentrations. As such, a concentration of epoxiconazole, 10 times below that needed to inhibit fungal growth, prevented chytrid infection in anuran tadpoles. The widespread presence of triazoles may thus alter chytrid dynamics in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barbi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Wildlife Health Ghent, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tess Goessens
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Diederik Strubbe
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Deknock
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robby Van Leeuwenberg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Wildlife Health Ghent, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niels De Troyer
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elin Verbrugghe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Wildlife Health Ghent, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mark Greener
- School of Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Siegrid De Baere
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Goethals
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Wildlife Health Ghent, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Wildlife Health Ghent, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Terriere N, Glazemaekers E, Bregman S, Rasschaert G, Willems S, Boyen F, Lens L, Baeten L, Verheyen K, Pasmans F, Strubbe D, Martel A. Zoonotic pathogens linked with hedgehog diphtheric disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3618-3623. [PMID: 36219469 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog diphtheric disease (HDD), an ulcerative skin disease with a high fatality rate, is an emerging threat to European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). We explored the potential role of a panel of zoonotic pathogens in the presumed multifactorial nature of HDD in 188 hedgehogs from 3 wildlife rescue centres in Belgium. As expected, and with a prevalence of 67% in 57 hedgehogs with skin lesions, characteristic of HDD, the occurrence of Corynebacterium ulcerans was strongly associated with the disease. Remarkably, with a prevalence of 42% in affected animals, infections with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were 3.92 times more likely to be detected in HDD (95% confidence interval: 1.650-9.880; p = .0024). Overall, 40 hedgehogs tested positive for the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex, including Borrelia afzelii (n = 30), Borrelia bavariensis (n = 7) and Borrelia spielmanii (n = 7). Other widely occurring pathogens included Salmonella (prevalence of 19%, with three pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles) and Leptospira sp. (prevalence of 11%, including Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii), but these were not associated with the occurrence of HDD. These findings show that hedgehogs in Belgium represent a significant reservoir of multiple zoonotic bacteria, of which toxigenic C. ulcerans and B. burgdorferi sensu lato are associated with widespread hedgehog skin pathology and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Terriere
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelien Glazemaekers
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Seline Bregman
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Sjarlotte Willems
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Campus Ledeganck, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lander Baeten
- Department of Environment, Forest & Nature Lab, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Forest & Nature Lab, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Diederik Strubbe
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Campus Ledeganck, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Martel A, Lagier J, Sarfati E, Malet T, Rocher F, Kauert A, Baillif S, Chignon-Sicard B. Filler-induced blindness “seen” by ophthalmologists: Case presentation and treatment algorithm. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:771-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kok PJR, Laking A, Smith C, Berti A, Martel A, Pasmans F. Tourism may threaten wildlife disease refugia. Conserv Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J. R. Kok
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology University of Łódź Łódź Poland
- Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum London UK
| | - Alexandra Laking
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Carl Smith
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology University of Łódź Łódź Poland
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
| | - Arturo Berti
- Community of Kamarata Canaima National Park Bolívar State Venezuela
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
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21
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Deknock A, Pasmans F, van Leeuwenberg R, Van Praet S, De Troyer N, Goessens T, Lammens L, Bruneel S, Lens L, Martel A, Croubels S, Goethals P. Impact of heavy metal exposure on biological control of a deadly amphibian pathogen by zooplankton. Sci Total Environ 2022; 823:153800. [PMID: 35150694 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite devastating effects on global biodiversity, efficient mitigation strategies against amphibian chytridiomycosis are lacking. Since the free-living pathogenic zoospores of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the infective stage of this disease, can serve as a nutritious food source for components of zooplankton communities, these groups may act as biological control agents by eliminating zoospores from the aquatic environment. Such pathogen-predator interaction is, however, embedded in the aquatic food web structure and is therefore affected by abiotic factors interfering with these networks. Heavy metals, released from both natural and anthropogenic sources, are widespread contaminants of aquatic ecosystems and may interfere with planktonic communities and thus pathogen elimination rates. We investigated the interaction between zooplankton communities and chytridiomycosis infections in a Flemish agricultural region. Moreover, we also investigated the impact of heavy metal contamination, that was previously investigated in the region and presented in recent work, on zooplankton assemblages and chytridiomycosis infections. Finally, we tested the effect of sublethal concentrations of copper and zinc on Bd removal rates by Daphnia magna in a laboratory assay. Although zinc, copper, nickel and chromium were widely abundant pollutants, heavy metals were no driving force for zooplankton assemblages at our study locations. Moreover, our field survey did not reveal indirect effects of zooplankton assemblages on chytridiomycosis infections. However, sampling occasions testing negative for Bd showed a higher degree of copper contamination compared to positive sampling occasions, indicating a potential inhibitory effect of copper on Bd prevalence. Finally, whereas D. magna significantly reduced zoospore densities in its environment, sublethal concentrations of copper and zinc showed no interference with pathogen removal in the laboratory assay. Our results provide perspectives for further research on such a biological control strategy against chytridiomycosis by optimizing environmental conditions for pathogen predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Deknock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Robby van Leeuwenberg
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah Van Praet
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niels De Troyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tess Goessens
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leni Lammens
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stijn Bruneel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Golub M, Gätcke J, Subramanian S, Kölsch A, Darwish T, Howard JK, Feoktystov A, Matsarskaia O, Martel A, Porcar L, Zouni A, Pieper J. "Invisible" Detergents Enable a Reliable Determination of Solution Structures of Native Photosystems by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2824-2833. [PMID: 35384657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) are pigment-protein complexes capable of performing the light-induced charge separation necessary to convert solar energy into a biochemically storable form, an essential step in photosynthesis. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is unique in providing structural information on PSI and PSII in solution under nearly physiological conditions without the need for crystallization or temperature decrease. We show that the reliability of the solution structure critically depends on proper contrast matching of the detergent belt surrounding the protein. Especially, specifically deuterated ("invisible") detergents are shown to be properly matched out in SANS experiments by a direct, quantitative comparison with conventional matching strategies. In contrast, protonated detergents necessarily exhibit incomplete matching so that related SANS results systematically overestimate the size of the membrane protein under study. While the solution structures obtained are close to corresponding high-resolution structures, we show that temperature and solution state lead to individual structural differences compared with high-resolution structures. We attribute these differences to the presence of a manifold of conformational substates accessible by protein dynamics under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Gätcke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Subramanian
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Kölsch
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - J K Howard
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - A Feoktystov
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - O Matsarskaia
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Martel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - L Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Zouni
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Goossens E, Boonyarittichaikij R, Dekeukeleire D, Hertzog L, Van Praet S, Pasmans F, Bonte D, Verheyen K, Lens L, Martel A, Verbrugghe E. Tree Species Diversity and Forest Edge Density Jointly Shape the Gut Microbiota Composition in Juvenile Great Tits (Parus major). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:790189. [PMID: 35356520 PMCID: PMC8959704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.790189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the microbiome’s key role in health and fitness, little is known about the environmental factors shaping the gut microbiome of wild birds. With habitat fragmentation being recognised as a major threat to biological diversity, we here determined how forest structure influences the bacterial species richness and diversity of wild great tit nestlings (Parus major). Using an Illumina metabarcoding approach which amplifies the 16S bacterial ribosomal RNA gene, we measured gut microbiota diversity and composition from 49 great tit nestlings, originating from 23 different nests that were located in 22 different study plots across a gradient of forest fragmentation and tree species diversity. Per nest, an average microbiome was determined on which the influence of tree species (composition and richness) and forest fragmentation (fragment area and edge density) was examined and whether this was linked to host characteristics (body condition and fledging success). We found an interaction effect of edge density with tree species richness or composition on both the microbial richness (alpha diversity: Chao1 and Shannon) and community structure (beta diversity: weighted and unweighted UniFrac). No significant short-term impact was observed of the overall faecal microbiome on host characteristics, but rather an adverse effect of specific bacterial genera on fledging success. These results highlight the influence of environmental factors on the microbial richness as well as the phylogenetic diversity during a life stage where the birds’ microbiota is shaped, which could lead to long-term consequences for host fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Roschong Boonyarittichaikij
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Daan Dekeukeleire
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lionel Hertzog
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Van Praet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elin Verbrugghe
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Elin Verbrugghe,
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Goessens T, De Baere S, Deknock A, De Troyer N, Van Leeuwenberg R, Martel A, Pasmans F, Goethals P, Lens L, Spanoghe P, Vanhaecke L, Croubels S. Agricultural contaminants in amphibian breeding ponds: Occurrence, risk and correlation with agricultural land use. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150661. [PMID: 34597541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressure such as agricultural pollution globally affects amphibian populations. In this study, a total of 178 different compounds from five agrochemical groups (i.e. antimicrobial drugs residues (ADRs), coccidiostats and anthelmintics, heavy metals, mycotoxins and pesticides) were determined monthly, from March until June 2019 in 26 amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders, Belgium. Furthermore, a possible correlation between the number and concentration of selected contaminants that were found and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius was studied. Within each group, the highest detected concentrations were obtained for 4-epioxytetracycline (0.422 μg L-1), levamisole (0.550 μg L-1), zinc (333.1 μg L-1), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (0.013 μg L-1), and terbuthylazine (38.7 μg L-1), respectively, with detection frequencies ranging from 1 (i.e. 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) to 26 (i.e. zinc) out of 26 ponds. Based on reported acute and chronic ecotoxicological endpoints, detected concentrations of bifenthrin, cadmium, copper, cypermethrin, hexachlorobenzene, mercury, terbuthylazine, and zinc pose a substantial ecological risk to aquatic invertebrates such as Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia, which both play a role in the food web and potentially in amphibian disease dynamics. Additionally, the detected concentrations of copper were high enough to exert chronic toxicity in the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor). The number of detected compounds per pond ranged between 0 and 5 (ADRs), 0 - 2 (coccidiostats and anthelmintics), 1 - 7 (heavy metals), 0 - 4 (mycotoxins), and 0 - 12 (pesticides) across the four months. Furthermore, no significant correlation was demonstrated between the number of detected compounds per pond, as well as the detected concentrations of 4-epioxytetracycline, levamisole, copper, zinc, enniatin B and terbuthylazine, and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius. For heavy metals and pesticides, the number of compounds per pond varied significantly between months. Conclusively, amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders were frequently contaminated with agrochemicals, yielding concentrations up to the high μg per liter level, regardless of the percentage surrounding arable land, however showing temporal variation for heavy metals and pesticides. This research also identifies potential hazardous substances which may be added to the European watch list (CD 2018/408/EC) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goessens
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - S De Baere
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Deknock
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N De Troyer
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Van Leeuwenberg
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Martel
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Pasmans
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Goethals
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Lens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Spanoghe
- Ghent University, Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium; Queen's University, School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, Ireland
| | - S Croubels
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Hertzog LR, Vandegehuchte ML, Dekeukeleire D, Dekoninck W, Smedt P, Schrojenstein Lantman I, Proesmans W, Baeten L, Bonte D, Martel A, Verheyen K, Lens L. Mixing of tree species is especially beneficial for biodiversity in fragmented landscapes, without compromising forest functioning. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel R. Hertzog
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martijn L. Vandegehuchte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Daan Dekeukeleire
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Pallieter Smedt
- Forest & Nature Lab Department Forest and Water Management Ghent University Gontrode Belgium
| | | | - Willem Proesmans
- Forest & Nature Lab Department Forest and Water Management Ghent University Gontrode Belgium
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab Department Forest and Water Management Ghent University Gontrode Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab Department Forest and Water Management Ghent University Gontrode Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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Schulte LM, Martel A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A, Bossuyt F. Love bites: male frogs (Plectrohyla, Hylidae) use teeth scratching to deliver sodefrin precursor-like factors to females during amplexus. Front Zool 2021; 18:59. [PMID: 34823558 PMCID: PMC8613984 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient transfer of chemical signals is important for successful mating in many animal species. Multiple evolutionary lineages of animals evolved direct sex pheromone transmission during traumatic mating-the wounding of the partner with specialized devices-which helps to avoid signal loss to the environment. Although such direct transmission modes of so-called allohormone pheromones are well-documented in invertebrates, they are considered rare in vertebrates. Males of several species of the frog genus Plectrohyla (Hylidae, Anura) have elongated teeth and develop swollen lips during the breeding season. Here we investigated the possibility that these structures are used to scratch the females' skin and apply allohormone pheromones during traumatic mating in several Plectrohyla species. RESULTS Our behavioural observations revealed that males press their upper jaw onto the females' dorsum during amplexus, leaving small skin scratches with their teeth. Histological examinations of the males' lips identified specialized mucus glands, resembling known amphibian pheromone glands. Whole-transcriptome sequencing of these breeding glands showed high expression of sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) proteins, which are known to have a pheromone function in multiple amphibian species. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests SPF delivery via traumatic mating in several anuran species: the males have specialized breeding glands in the lips for production and secretion and use their elongated teeth as wounding devices for application. We hypothesize that these SPF proteins end up in the females' circulatory system, where understanding their exact function will require further molecular, physiological and behavioural testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Schulte
- Department of Wildlife-/Zoo-Animal-Biology and Systematics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Raciel Cruz-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, Santa Fe Juriquilla, C. P. 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas E Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Km 4.5 carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Franky Bossuyt
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Kelly M, Pasmans F, Muñoz JF, Shea TP, Carranza S, Cuomo CA, Martel A. Diversity, multifaceted evolution, and facultative saprotrophism in the European Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans epidemic. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6688. [PMID: 34795258 PMCID: PMC8602665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While emerging fungi threaten global biodiversity, the paucity of fungal genome assemblies impedes thoroughly characterizing epidemics and developing effective mitigation strategies. Here, we generate de novo genomic assemblies for six outbreaks of the emerging pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). We reveal the European epidemic currently damaging amphibian populations to comprise multiple, highly divergent lineages demonstrating isolate-specific adaptations and metabolic capacities. In particular, we show extensive gene family expansions and acquisitions, through a variety of evolutionary mechanisms, and an isolate-specific saprotrophic lifecycle. This finding both explains the chytrid's ability to divorce transmission from host density, producing Bsal's enigmatic host population declines, and is a key consideration in developing successful mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Kelly
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Frank Pasmans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jose F. Muñoz
- grid.66859.34Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
| | - Terrance P. Shea
- grid.66859.34Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
| | - Salvador Carranza
- grid.507636.10000 0004 0424 5398Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christina A. Cuomo
- grid.66859.34Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Abstract
Ptosis is defined as a drooping of the upper eyelid. It often results in functional and/or aesthetic impairment. Although often benign, ptosis may be the first symptom of a life-threatening condition (carotid dissection, intracranial aneurism, generalized myasthenia). Only a rigorous, systematic and clinical examination will allow the physician to distinguish "benign ptosis" from "urgent ptosis". The history should attempt to detect a daily variation in the ptosis, suggesting myasthenia gravis. Pupillary examination should rule out myosis, which would suggest Claude Bernard-Horner's syndrome (secondary to an internal carotid dissection until proven otherwise), or mydriasis, suggesting an intracranial aneurism. Once an emergency has been ruled out, the clinical examination should assess the levator muscle strength (helpful for determining the underlying etiology) and the Bell's phenomenon (the lack of which is predictive of postoperative corneal exposure). The amount of ptosis is not related to its etiology. At the conclusion of the examination, the physician must be able to classify the ptosis as either pseudoptosis, aponeurotic ptosis, neurogenic ptosis, myogenic ptosis, or junctional ptosis (myasthenia). Except for "urgent ptosis", requiring multidisciplinary medical treatment, surgery is the mainstay of treatment. The surgical technique is based on the etiology of the ptosis, the strength of the levator muscle and the phenylephrine test.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Nice, université Nice Cote-d'Azur, hôpital Pasteur 2, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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29
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Blaise M, Rocher F, Spittler H, Sanchez A, Lanteri E, Coco L, Puma A, Martel A, Gonfrier G, Passeron T, Montaudié H. Severe necrotizing myopathy after COVID-19 vaccine with BNT162b2 and regimen with ipilimumab plus nivolumab in a patient with advanced melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e100-e102. [PMID: 34661938 PMCID: PMC8661524 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Blaise
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - F Rocher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, PharmacoVigilance Center, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - H Spittler
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - A Sanchez
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - E Lanteri
- Laboratory of clinical and experimental pathology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - L Coco
- Department of Radiology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - A Puma
- Peripheral Nervous System & Muscle Department, Pasteur 2 Hospital, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- Department of Ophtalmology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - G Gonfrier
- Department of Virology, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - T Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - H Montaudié
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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30
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Wang Y, Smith HK, Goossens E, Hertzog L, Bletz MC, Bonte D, Verheyen K, Lens L, Vences M, Pasmans F, Martel A. Diet diversity and environment determine the intestinal microbiome and bacterial pathogen load of fire salamanders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20493. [PMID: 34650115 PMCID: PMC8516891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse communities of symbiotic microbes inhabit the digestive systems of vertebrates and play a crucial role in animal health, and host diet plays a major role in shaping the composition and diversity of these communities. Here, we characterized diet and gut microbiome of fire salamander populations from three Belgian forests. We carried out DNA metabarcoding on fecal samples, targeting eukaryotic 18S rRNA of potential dietary prey items, and bacterial 16S rRNA of the concomitant gut microbiome. Our results demonstrated an abundance of soft-bodied prey in the diet of fire salamanders, and a significant difference in the diet composition between males and females. This sex-dependent effect on diet was also reflected in the gut microbiome diversity, which is higher in males than female animals. Proximity to human activities was associated with increased intestinal pathogen loads. Collectively, the data supports a relationship between diet, environment and intestinal microbiome in fire salamanders, with potential health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hannah K. Smith
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lionel Hertzog
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,Thünen Institute for Biodiversity, Bundesallee 68, 38116 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Molly C. Bletz
- grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Evolutionary Biology Lab, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Dries Bonte
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsberge Steenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miguel Vences
- grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Evolutionary Biology Lab, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Frank Pasmans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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31
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Wang Y, Verbrugghe E, Meuris L, Chiers K, Kelly M, Strubbe D, Callewaert N, Pasmans F, Martel A. Epidermal galactose spurs chytrid virulence and predicts amphibian colonization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5788. [PMID: 34608163 PMCID: PMC8490390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The chytrid fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans cause the skin disease chytridiomycosis in amphibians, which is driving a substantial proportion of an entire vertebrate class to extinction. Mitigation of its impact is largely unsuccessful and requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the disease ecology. By identifying skin factors that mediate key events during the early interaction with B. salamandrivorans zoospores, we discovered a marker for host colonization. Amphibian skin associated beta-galactose mediated fungal chemotaxis and adhesion to the skin and initiated a virulent fungal response. Fungal colonization correlated with the skin glycosylation pattern, with cutaneous galactose content effectively predicting variation in host susceptibility to fungal colonization between amphibian species. Ontogenetic galactose patterns correlated with low level and asymptomatic infections in salamander larvae that were carried over through metamorphosis, resulting in juvenile mortality. Pronounced variation of galactose content within some, but not all species, may promote the selection for more colonization resistant host lineages, opening new avenues for disease mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elin Verbrugghe
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leander Meuris
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, VIB-Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Moira Kelly
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Diederik Strubbe
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, VIB-Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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32
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De Troyer N, Bruneel S, Lock K, Greener MS, Facq E, Deknock A, Martel A, Pasmans F, Goethals P. Ratio-dependent functional response of two common Cladocera present in farmland ponds to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Deknock A, Pasmans F, van Leeuwenberg R, Van Praet S, Bruneel S, Lens L, Croubels S, Martel A, Goethals P. Alternative food sources interfere with removal of a fungal amphibian pathogen by zooplankton. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Deknock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Robby van Leeuwenberg
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Sarah Van Praet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Stijn Bruneel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Peter Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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Martel A, Boyen F, Rau J, Eisenberg T, Sing A, Berger A, Chiers K, Van Praet S, Verbanck S, Vervaeke M, Pasmans F. Widespread Disease in Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) Caused by Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2686-2690. [PMID: 34545798 PMCID: PMC8462311 DOI: 10.3201/eid2710.203335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxin-producing Corynebacterium ulcerans, a causative agent of diphtheria in humans, was isolated from 53 hedgehogs in Belgium during the spring of 2020. Isolates showed low levels of acquired antimicrobial drug resistance. Strain diversity suggests emergence from an endemic situation. These findings stress the need for raising public awareness and improved wildlife disease surveillance.
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35
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Ferrete T, Rocher F, Elmaleh V, Loschi M, Tieulie N, Baillif S, Martel A. Eye amputation following lifitegrast treatment for ocular graft-versus-host disease - Response to Novartis. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:e525-e526. [PMID: 34511309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Ferrete
- Ophthalmology department, university hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - F Rocher
- Pharmacovigilance department, university hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - V Elmaleh
- Ophthalmology department, university hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - M Loschi
- Hematology department, university hospital of Nice, 151, route Sainte-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France
| | - N Tieulie
- Rheumatology department, university hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Baillif
- Ophthalmology department, university hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- Ophthalmology department, university hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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Dupré R, Gastaud L, Rocher F, Baillif S, Martel A. Uveal effusion syndrome secondary to belantamab mafodotin in a patient treated for refractory myeloma. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 45:e5-e6. [PMID: 34384623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Dupré
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, université Côte-d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - L Gastaud
- Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, 33, avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - F Rocher
- Pharmacovigilance, hôpital Pasteur, université Côte-d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - S Baillif
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, université Côte-d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, université Côte-d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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37
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Bosch J, Martel A, Sopniewski J, Thumsová B, Ayres C, Scheele BC, Velo-Antón G, Pasmans F. Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Threat to the Iberian Urodele Hotspot. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080644. [PMID: 34436183 PMCID: PMC8400424 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent introduction of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans into northeastern Spain threatens salamander diversity on the Iberian Peninsula. We assessed the current epidemiological situation with extensive field sampling of urodele populations. We then sought to delineate priority regions and identify conservation units for the Iberian Peninsula by estimating the susceptibility of Iberian urodeles using laboratory experiments, evidence from mortality events in nature and captivity and inference from phylogeny. None of the 1395 field samples, collected between 2015 and 2021 were positive for Bsal and no Bsal-associated mortality events were recorded, in contrast to the confirmed occurrence of Bsal outbreak previously described in 2018. We classified five of eleven Iberian urodele species as highly susceptible, predicting elevated mortality and population declines following potential Bsal emergence in the wild, five species as intermediately susceptible with variable disease outcomes and one species as resistant to disease and mortality. We identified the six conservation units (i.e., species or lineages within species) at highest risk and propose priority areas for active disease surveillance and field biosecurity measures. The magnitude of the disease threat identified here emphasizes the need for region-tailored disease abatement plans that couple active disease surveillance to rapid and drastic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Bosch
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB), University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias-CSIC, 33600 Mieres, Spain;
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-6-777-724-02
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (A.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Jarrod Sopniewski
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia; (J.S.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Barbora Thumsová
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB), University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias-CSIC, 33600 Mieres, Spain;
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Asociación Herpetologica Española, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cesar Ayres
- Asociación Herpetologica Española, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ben C. Scheele
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia; (J.S.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;
- Grupo GEA, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (A.M.); (F.P.)
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Abstract
Ancient enzootic associations between wildlife and their infections allow evolution to innovate mechanisms of pathogenicity that are counterbalanced by host responses. However, erosion of barriers to pathogen dispersal by globalization leads to the infection of hosts that have not evolved effective resistance and the emergence of highly virulent infections. Global amphibian declines driven by the rise of chytrid fungi and chytridiomycosis are emblematic of emerging infections. Here, we review how modern biological methods have been used to understand the adaptations and counteradaptations that these fungi and their amphibian hosts have evolved. We explore the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors that modify the virulence of these infections and dissect the complexity of this disease system. We highlight progress that has led to insights into how we might in the future lessen the impact of these emerging infections. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Fisher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom;
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Martel A, Chiabo J, Ngo LC, Nahon-Estève S, Baillif S. Pseudo-enophthalmos and Coats' disease: Is there a relationship? J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:1630-1632. [PMID: 34364693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, université Côte-d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - J Chiabo
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, université Côte-d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - L-C Ngo
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, université Côte-d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Nahon-Estève
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, université Côte-d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Baillif
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, université Côte-d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
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Beukema W, Erens J, Schulz V, Stegen G, Spitzen-van der Sluijs A, Stark T, Laudelout A, Kinet T, Kirschey T, Poulain M, Miaud C, Steinfartz S, Martel A, Pasmans F. Landscape epidemiology of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans: reconciling data limitations and conservation urgency. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02342. [PMID: 33817953 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Starting in 2010, rapid fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) population declines in northwestern Europe heralded the emergence of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), a salamander-pathogenic chytrid fungus. Bsal poses an imminent threat to global salamander diversity owing to its wide host range, high pathogenicity, and long-term persistence in ecosystems. While there is a pressing need to develop further research and conservation actions, data limitations inherent to recent pathogen emergence obscure necessary insights into Bsal disease ecology. Here, we use a hierarchical modeling framework to describe Bsal landscape epidemiology of outbreak sites in light of these methodological challenges. Using model selection and machine learning, we find that Bsal presence is associated with humid and relatively cool, stable climates. Outbreaks are generally located in areas characterized by low landscape heterogeneity and low steepness of slope. We further find an association between Bsal presence and high trail density, suggesting that human-mediated spread may increase risk for spillover between populations. We then use distribution modeling to show that favorable conditions occur in lowlands influenced by the North Sea, where increased survey effort is needed to determine how Bsal impacts local newt populations, but also in hill- and mountain ranges in northeastern France and the lower half of Germany. Finally, connectivity analyses suggest that these hill- and mountain ranges may act as stepping stones for further spread southward. Our results provide initial insight into regional environmental conditions underlying Bsal epizootics, present updated invasibility predictions for northwestern Europe, and lead us to discuss a wide variety of potential survey and research actions needed to advance future conservation and mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Beukema
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box␣9517, Leiden, 2300RA, the Netherlands
| | - Jesse Erens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box␣9517, Leiden, 2300RA, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Schulz
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Mendelssohnstrasse 4, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Gwij Stegen
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | | | - Tariq Stark
- Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), Toernooiveld 1, Nijmegen, 6525ED, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Laudelout
- Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), Toernooiveld 1, Nijmegen, 6525ED, the Netherlands
| | - Thierry Kinet
- Natagora, Traverse des Muses 1, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Tom Kirschey
- Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU), Charitéstrasse 3, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Marie Poulain
- Biogeography and Vertebrate Ecology, CEFE, EPHE-PSL, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Paul Valéry University Montpellier III, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Claude Miaud
- Biogeography and Vertebrate Ecology, CEFE, EPHE-PSL, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Paul Valéry University Montpellier III, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
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Laking AE, Li Z, Goossens E, Miñarro M, Beukema W, Lens L, Bonte D, Verheyen K, Pasmans F, Martel A. Salamander loss alters litter decomposition dynamics. Sci Total Environ 2021; 776:145994. [PMID: 33647642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss affects ecosystem functioning. Top down effects of amphibian declines on the trophic food web of the forest floor are poorly understood. Here we quantify and explain the effects of disease-driven loss of salamanders on the dynamics of forest leaf litter. Using paired mesocosms, within a Belgian forest, we tested the effect of fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) presence on the trophic cascade that results in the decomposition rate of good quality (maple - Acer pseudoplatanus) and poorer quality (oak - Quercus robur) leaf litter, over an 18 month period. The presence of salamanders reduced decomposition rate of Quercus litter up to 20%. This was associated with a significantly higher predation rate on detritivores, which altered the functional composition of the invertebrate community. Functional composition analysis of the litter microbiome showed less bacteria associated with leaf litter degradation on the Quercus litter in the presence of salamanders. Salamanders thus influence ecosystem functions through trophic cascades and promote the retention of the leaf litter fraction in poorer quality litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Laking
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Zhimin Li
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marta Miñarro
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wouter Beukema
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode (Melle), Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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van Schrojenstein Lantman IM, Vesterinen EJ, Hertzog LR, Martel A, Verheyen K, Lens L, Bonte D. Body size and tree species composition determine variation in prey consumption in a forest-inhabiting generalist predator. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8295-8309. [PMID: 34188887 PMCID: PMC8216911 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophic interactions may strongly depend on body size and environmental variation, but this prediction has been seldom tested in nature. Many spiders are generalist predators that use webs to intercept flying prey. The size and mesh of orb webs increases with spider size, allowing a more efficient predation on larger prey. We studied to this extent the orb-weaving spider Araneus diadematus inhabiting forest fragments differing in edge distance, tree diversity, and tree species. These environmental variables are known to correlate with insect composition, richness, and abundance. We anticipated these forest characteristics to be a principle driver of prey consumption. We additionally hypothesized them to impact spider size at maturity and expect shifts toward larger prey size distributions in larger individuals independently from the environmental context. We quantified spider diet by means of metabarcoding of nearly 1,000 A. diadematus from a total of 53 forest plots. This approach allowed a massive screening of consumption dynamics in nature, though at the cost of identifying the exact prey identity, as well as their abundance and putative intraspecific variation. Our study confirmed A. diadematus as a generalist predator, with more than 300 prey ZOTUs detected in total. At the individual level, we found large spiders to consume fewer different species, but adding larger species to their diet. Tree species composition affected both prey species richness and size in the spider's diet, although tree diversity per se had no influence on the consumed prey. Edges had an indirect effect on the spider diet as spiders closer to the forest edge were larger and therefore consumed larger prey. We conclude that both intraspecific size variation and tree species composition shape the consumed prey of this generalist predator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eero J. Vesterinen
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology GroupDepartment of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Lionel R. Hertzog
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Thünen Institut for BiodiversityBraunschweigGermany
- Department Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian DiseasesGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - An Martel
- Thünen Institut for BiodiversityBraunschweigGermany
- Department Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian DiseasesGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
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Lammens L, Martel A, Pasmans F. Application of Disinfectants for Environmental Control of a Lethal Amphibian Pathogen. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060406. [PMID: 34064294 PMCID: PMC8224365 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chytridiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease threatening amphibian populations worldwide. While environmental disinfection is important in mitigating the disease, successful elimination of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) without excessively harming ecosystems is challenging. We selected peracetic acid (PAA) as the most potent of six commercially available products regarding their ability to inhibit growth of a highly virulent Bd strain. PAA killed Bd after 5 min of exposure to approximately 94.7 mg/L. We examined the toxicity of PAA against three invertebrate species and Discoglossus pictus tadpoles. 93% of invertebrates, but none of the tadpoles survived 5 min of exposure to 94.7 mg/L. Tadpoles showed no adverse effects after 5 min exposure to concentrations of approximately 37.9 mg/L or lower. Addition of PAA to aquatic microcosms decreased pH, while dissolved oxygen (DO) initially increased. Degradation of PAA reversed the pH drop, but caused a massive drop in DO, which could be remedied by aeration. As proof of concept, microcosms that were aerated and treated with 94.7 mg/L PAA sustained survival of tadpoles starting 48 h after treatment. Disinfecting aquatic environments using PAA could contribute to mitigating chytridiomycosis, while preserving at least some invertebrate diversity, but requires temporary removal of resident amphibians.
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Martel A, Nahon-Estève S, Lagier J, Baillif S. Thermal imaging findings in exenterated sockets. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:1112-1114. [PMID: 33888326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, université Cote d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - S Nahon-Estève
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, université Cote d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - J Lagier
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, université Cote d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Baillif
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, université Cote d'Azur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
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Ferrete T, Rocher F, Elmaleh V, Loschi M, Tieulie N, Baillif S, Martel A. Eye amputation following lifitegrast treatment for ocular graft-versus-host disease: First case report. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:652-657. [PMID: 33858697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia that could be very difficult to treat. Lifitegrast 5% (Xiidra@, Novartis), a new immunosuppressive eye drop, was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of severe dry eye and is currently under review by the European Medicines Agency. In France, lifitegrast has been approved by the French authorities for temporary use in refractory dry eye syndrome resistant to tear substitutes and topical cyclosporine. To date, serious complications have been reported only exceptionally. In this article, we report the case of a 65-year-old patient with a medical history of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed in 2015 who received a first matched related donor transplant. In 2019, this patient developed chronic GVH involving the skin, oral mucosa and eye. Despite taking topical and systemic medications for 3 months, the patient did not report relief of ocular symptoms. Therefore, lifitegrast was prescribed. To our knowledge, we report the first case of corneal perforation in which evisceration was required following treatment with topical lifitegrast for chronic GVH. In the case presented here, it can be assumed that the underlying mechanisms leading to corneal perforation are multifactorial. Using drug accountability criteria, lifitegrast appears to be strongly associated with the development of bacterial keratitis and corneal perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ferrete
- Ophthalmology department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - F Rocher
- Pharmacovigilance department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - V Elmaleh
- Ophthalmology department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - M Loschi
- Hematology department, University Hospital of Nice, 151, route Sainte-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France.
| | - N Tieulie
- Rheumatology department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - S Baillif
- Ophthalmology department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - A Martel
- Ophthalmology department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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Goossens E, Boonyarittichaikij R, Dekeukeleire D, Van Praet S, Bonte D, Verheyen K, Lens L, Martel A, Verbrugghe E. Exploring the faecal microbiome of the Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea). Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2119-2127. [PMID: 33606040 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiota fulfill pivotal roles in providing a host with nutrition and protection from pathogenic microorganisms. Up to date, most microbiota research has focused on humans and other mammals, whereas birds and especially wild birds lag behind. Within the field of the avian gut microbiome, research is heavily biased towards poultry. In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiome of the Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea), using faecal samples of eight nestlings originating from three nuthatch nests in the south of Ghent (Belgium), using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Relative frequency analysis showed a dominance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and to a lesser extent Proteobacteria. Bacteroidetes and other phyla were relatively rare. At higher taxonomic levels, a high degree of inter-individual variation in terms of overall microbiota community structure as well as dominance of certain bacteria was observed, but with a higher similarity for the nestlings sharing the same nest. When comparing the nuthatch faecal microbiome to that of great tit nestlings that were sampled during the same breeding season and in the same forest fragment, differences in the microbial community structure were observed, revealing distinct dissimilarities in the relative abundancy of taxa between the two bird species. This study is the first report on the nuthatch microbiome and serves as a reference study for nuthatch bacterial diversity and can be used for targeted screening of the composition and general functions of the avian gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Roschong Boonyarittichaikij
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Daan Dekeukeleire
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Van Praet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elin Verbrugghe
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Martel A, Nahon-Estève S, Appert Flory A, Lassalle S, Leonardo S, Tieulié N, Caujolle JP. Ligneous conjunctivitis masquerading as a large, recurrent conjunctival tumor. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 44:451-453. [PMID: 33288307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - S Nahon-Estève
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - A Appert Flory
- Service d'hématologie, CHU de Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Lassalle
- Laboratoire de pathologie clinique et expérimentale, CHU de Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Leonardo
- Pôle pharmacie-stérilisation, CHU de Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - N Tieulié
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - J-P Caujolle
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
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Martel A, Nahon-Estève S, Baillif S, Février E, Alketbi M. Versatility of the epidermis, dermis fat graft for reconstructing complex orbital gunshot traumas. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 44:e69-e71. [PMID: 33288304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Martel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - S Nahon-Estève
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Baillif
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - E Février
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - M Alketbi
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
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Martel A, Caujolle J, Baillif S, Maschi C, Lassalle S, Nahon-Esteve S. Mascara deposits in an anophthalmic socket mimicking a conjunctival melanoma. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 43:e325-e326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Boonyarittichaikij R, Pomian B, Daan Dekeukeleire D, Lens L, Bonte D, Verheyen K, Pasmans F, Martel A, Verbrugghe E. Season as a discriminating factor for faecal metabolomic composition of great tits (Parus major). BELG J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.26496/bjz.2020.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome of wild birds has been associated with health status and risk of disease development, but underlying metabolomic mechanisms are still unknown. Metabolites produced by microbial organisms may affect host metabolic processes and by doing so influence host health. Here we provide for the first time data on the faecal metabolome of wild great tits (Parus major) by analyzing metabolites associations with age, sex, season and body condition. Using untargeted metabolomics, we analyzed faecal samples from 112 great tits that were caught in a deciduous forest fragment in Flanders (Belgium) during late autumn and 19 animals that were re-captured during early spring. In this study, no significant associations between the faecal metabolites and age, sex and body condition were observed. However, season was shown to be a discriminating factor for the metabolomic composition of great tits, suggesting an impact of environmental factors.
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