1
|
Luo M, Zhou B, Reddem ER, Tang B, Chen B, Zhou R, Liu H, Liu L, Katsamba PS, Au KK, Man HO, To KKW, Yuen KY, Shapiro L, Dang S, Ho DD, Chen Z. Structural insights into broadly neutralizing antibodies elicited by hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2146538. [PMID: 36354024 PMCID: PMC9817130 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2146538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIncreasing spread by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants challenges existing vaccines and broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against COVID-19. Here we determine the diversity, potency, breadth and structural insights of bNAbs derived from memory B cells of BNT162b2-vaccinee after homogeneous Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection. The infection activates diverse memory B cell clonotypes for generating potent class I/II and III bNAbs with new epitopes mapped to the receptor-binding domain (RBD). The top eight bNAbs neutralize wildtype and BA.1 potently but display divergent IgH/IgL sequences and neuralization profiles against other variants of concern (VOCs). Two of them (P2D9 and P3E6) belonging to class III NAbs display comparable potency against BA.4/BA.5, although structural analysis reveals distinct modes of action. P3E6 neutralizes all variants tested through a unique bivalent interaction with two RBDs. Our findings provide new insights into hybrid immunity on BNT162b2-induced diverse memory B cells in response to Omicron breakthrough infection for generating diverse bNAbs with distinct structural basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Luo
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Zhou
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Bingjie Tang
- Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bohao Chen
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Liu
- Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ka-Kit Au
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hiu-On Man
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behaviour Institute, New York, NY, USA,Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA, Zhiwei Chen AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Lawrence Shapiro Zuckerman Mind Brain Behaviour Institute, New York, NY 10027, USA, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Shangyu Dang Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China; David D. Ho Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shangyu Dang
- Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, People’s Republic of China, Zhiwei Chen AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Lawrence Shapiro Zuckerman Mind Brain Behaviour Institute, New York, NY 10027, USA, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Shangyu Dang Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China; David D. Ho Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China, Zhiwei Chen AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Lawrence Shapiro Zuckerman Mind Brain Behaviour Institute, New York, NY 10027, USA, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Shangyu Dang Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China; David D. Ho Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sergeeva AP, Katsamba PS, Liao J, Sampson JM, Bahna F, Mannepalli S, Morano NC, Shapiro L, Friesner RA, Honig B. Free Energy Perturbation Calculations of Mutation Effects on SARS-CoV-2 RBD::ACE2 Binding Affinity. J Mol Biol 2023:168187. [PMID: 37355034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The strength of binding between human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of viral spike protein plays a role in the transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this study we focus on a subset of RBD mutations that have been frequently observed in infected individuals and probe binding affinity changes to ACE2 using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements and free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations. Our SPR results are largely in accord with previous studies but discrepancies do arise due to differences in experimental methods and to protocol differences even when a single method is used. Overall, we find that FEP performance is superior to that of other computational approaches examined as determined by agreement with experiment and, in particular, by its ability to identify stabilizing mutations. Moreover, the calculations successfully predict the observed cooperative stabilization of binding by the Q498R N501Y double mutant present in Omicron variants and offer a physical explanation for the underlying mechanism. Overall, our results suggest that despite the significant computational cost, FEP calculations may offer an effective strategy to understand the effects of interfacial mutations on protein-protein binding affinities and, hence, in a variety of practical applications such as the optimization of neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina P Sergeeva
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Junzhuo Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jared M Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Schrödinger, Inc., New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Seetha Mannepalli
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nicholas C Morano
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | - Barry Honig
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beenken A, Cerutti G, Brasch J, Guo Y, Sheng Z, Erdjument-Bromage H, Aziz Z, Robbins-Juarez SY, Chavez EY, Ahlsen G, Katsamba PS, Neubert TA, Fitzpatrick AWP, Barasch J, Shapiro L. Structures of LRP2 reveal a molecular machine for endocytosis. Cell 2023; 186:821-836.e13. [PMID: 36750096 PMCID: PMC9993842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2 or megalin) is representative of the phylogenetically conserved subfamily of giant LDL receptor-related proteins, which function in endocytosis and are implicated in diseases of the kidney and brain. Here, we report high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structures of LRP2 isolated from mouse kidney, at extracellular and endosomal pH. The structures reveal LRP2 to be a molecular machine that adopts a conformation for ligand binding at the cell surface and for ligand shedding in the endosome. LRP2 forms a homodimer, the conformational transformation of which is governed by pH-sensitive sites at both homodimer and intra-protomer interfaces. A subset of LRP2 deleterious missense variants in humans appears to impair homodimer assembly. These observations lay the foundation for further understanding the function and mechanism of LDL receptors and implicate homodimerization as a conserved feature of the LRP receptor subfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Beenken
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Julia Brasch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Zainab Aziz
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Estefania Y Chavez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anthony W P Fitzpatrick
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University George M. O'Brien Urology Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Anang S, Iketani S, Guo Y, Liu L, Katsamba PS, Shapiro L, Ho DD, Sodroski JG. Functional properties of the spike glycoprotein of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110924. [PMID: 35658975 PMCID: PMC9119962 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently emerged B.1.1.529 (Omicron) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant has a highly divergent spike (S) glycoprotein. We compared the functional properties of B.1.1.529 BA.1 S with those of previous globally prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants, D614G and B.1.617.2. Relative to these variants, B.1.1.529 S exhibits decreases in processing, syncytium formation, virion incorporation, and ability to mediate infection of cells with high TMPRSS2 expression. B.1.1.529 and B.1.617.2 S glycoproteins bind ACE2 with higher affinity than D614G S. The unliganded B.1.1.529 S trimer is less stable at low temperatures than the other SARS-CoV-2 Ss, a property related to its more “open” S conformation. Upon ACE2 binding, the B.1.1.529 S trimer sheds S1 at 37°C, but not at 0°C. B.1.1.529 pseudoviruses are relatively resistant to neutralization by sera from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and vaccinees. These properties of the B.1.1.529 S glycoprotein likely influence the transmission, cytopathic effects, and immune evasion of this emerging variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Saumya Anang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sho Iketani
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph G Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu S, Sergeeva AP, Katsamba PS, Mannepalli S, Bahna F, Bimela J, Zipursky SL, Shapiro L, Honig B, Zinn K. Affinity requirements for control of synaptic targeting and neuronal cell survival by heterophilic IgSF cell adhesion molecules. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110618. [PMID: 35385751 PMCID: PMC9078203 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the developing brain express many different cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) on their surfaces. CAM-binding affinities can vary by more than 200-fold, but the significance of these variations is unknown. Interactions between the immunoglobulin superfamily CAM DIP-α and its binding partners, Dpr10 and Dpr6, control synaptic targeting and survival of Drosophila optic lobe neurons. We design mutations that systematically change interaction affinity and analyze function in vivo. Reducing affinity causes loss-of-function phenotypes whose severity scales with the magnitude of the change. Synaptic targeting is more sensitive to affinity reduction than is cell survival. Increasing affinity rescues neurons that would normally be culled by apoptosis. By manipulating CAM expression together with affinity, we show that the key parameter controlling circuit assembly is surface avidity, which is the strength of adherence between cell surfaces. We conclude that CAM binding affinities and expression levels are finely tuned for function during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwa Xu
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Alina P Sergeeva
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Seetha Mannepalli
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jude Bimela
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - S Lawrence Zipursky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, HHMI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kai Zinn
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sheng Z, Bimela JS, Katsamba PS, Patel SD, Guo Y, Zhao H, Guo Y, Kwong PD, Shapiro L. Structural Basis of Antibody Conformation and Stability Modulation by Framework Somatic Hypermutation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811632. [PMID: 35046963 PMCID: PMC8761896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of somatic hypermutation (SHM) is the primary mechanism to enhance the binding affinity of antibodies to antigens in vivo. However, the structural basis of the effects of many SHMs remains elusive. Here, we integrated atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and data mining to build a high-throughput structural bioinformatics pipeline to study the effects of individual and combination SHMs on antibody conformation, flexibility, stability, and affinity. By applying this pipeline, we characterized a common mechanism of modulation of heavy-light pairing orientation by frequent SHMs at framework positions 39H, 91H, 38L, and 87L through disruption of a conserved hydrogen-bond network. Q39LH alone and in combination with light chain framework 4 (FWR4L) insertions further modulated the elbow angle between variable and constant domains of many antibodies, resulting in improved binding affinity for a subset of anti-HIV-1 antibodies. Q39LH also alleviated aggregation induced by FWR4L insertion, suggesting remote epistasis between these SHMs. Altogether, this study provides tools and insights for understanding antibody affinity maturation and for engineering functionally improved antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhang Sheng
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jude S Bimela
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saurabh D Patel
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Haiqing Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Youzhong Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery, and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goodman KM, Katsamba PS, Rubinstein R, Ahlsén G, Bahna F, Mannepalli S, Dan H, Sampogna RV, Shapiro L, Honig B. How clustered protocadherin binding specificity is tuned for neuronal self-/nonself-recognition. eLife 2022; 11:72416. [PMID: 35253643 PMCID: PMC8901172 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The stochastic expression of fewer than 60 clustered protocadherin (cPcdh) isoforms provides diverse identities to individual vertebrate neurons and a molecular basis for self-/nonself-discrimination. cPcdhs form chains mediated by alternating cis and trans interactions between apposed membranes, which has been suggested to signal self-recognition. Such a mechanism requires that cPcdh cis dimers form promiscuously to generate diverse recognition units, and that trans interactions have precise specificity so that isoform mismatches terminate chain growth. However, the extent to which cPcdh interactions fulfill these requirements has not been definitively demonstrated. Here, we report biophysical experiments showing that cPcdh cis interactions are promiscuous, but with preferences favoring formation of heterologous cis dimers. Trans homophilic interactions are remarkably precise, with no evidence for heterophilic interactions between different isoforms. A new C-type cPcdh crystal structure and mutagenesis data help to explain these observations. Overall, the interaction characteristics we report for cPcdhs help explain their function in neuronal self-/nonself-discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Marie Goodman
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Rotem Rubinstein
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Göran Ahlsén
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Seetha Mannepalli
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Hanbin Dan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Rosemary V Sampogna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Barry Honig
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cerutti G, Guo Y, Wang P, Nair MS, Wang M, Huang Y, Yu J, Liu L, Katsamba PS, Bahna F, Reddem ER, Kwong PD, Ho DD, Sheng Z, Shapiro L. Neutralizing antibody 5-7 defines a distinct site of vulnerability in SARS-CoV-2 spike N-terminal domain. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109928. [PMID: 34706271 PMCID: PMC8519878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 target mainly the receptor-binding domain or the N-terminal domain (NTD). Over a dozen potently neutralizing NTD-directed antibodies have been studied structurally, and all target a single antigenic supersite in NTD (site 1). Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of a potent NTD-directed neutralizing antibody 5-7, which recognizes a site distinct from other potently neutralizing antibodies, inserting a binding loop into an exposed hydrophobic pocket between the two sheets of the NTD β sandwich. Interestingly, this pocket was previously identified as the binding site for hydrophobic molecules, including heme metabolites, but we observe that their presence does not substantially impede 5-7 recognition. Mirroring its distinctive binding, antibody 5-7 retains neutralization potency with many variants of concern (VOCs). Overall, we reveal that a hydrophobic pocket in NTD proposed for immune evasion can be used by the immune system for recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cerutti
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Manoj S. Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maple Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Fabiana Bahna
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eswar R. Reddem
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blockus H, Rolotti SV, Szoboszlay M, Peze-Heidsieck E, Ming T, Schroeder A, Apostolo N, Vennekens KM, Katsamba PS, Bahna F, Mannepalli S, Ahlsen G, Honig B, Shapiro L, de Wit J, Losonczy A, Polleux F. Synaptogenic activity of the axon guidance molecule Robo2 underlies hippocampal circuit function. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109828. [PMID: 34686348 PMCID: PMC8605498 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic connectivity within adult circuits exhibits a remarkable degree of cellular and subcellular specificity. We report that the axon guidance receptor Robo2 plays a role in establishing synaptic specificity in hippocampal CA1. In vivo, Robo2 is present and required postsynaptically in CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) for the formation of excitatory (E) but not inhibitory (I) synapses, specifically in proximal but not distal dendritic compartments. In vitro approaches show that the synaptogenic activity of Robo2 involves a trans-synaptic interaction with presynaptic Neurexins, as well as binding to its canonical extracellular ligand Slit. In vivo 2-photon Ca2+ imaging of CA1 PNs during spatial navigation in awake behaving mice shows that preventing Robo2-dependent excitatory synapse formation cell autonomously during development alters place cell properties of adult CA1 PNs. Our results identify a trans-synaptic complex linking the establishment of synaptic specificity to circuit function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Blockus
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sebi V Rolotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Miklos Szoboszlay
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eugénie Peze-Heidsieck
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tiffany Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Anna Schroeder
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nuno Apostolo
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristel M Vennekens
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Seetha Mannepalli
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Banach BB, Cerutti G, Fahad AS, Shen CH, Oliveira De Souza M, Katsamba PS, Tsybovsky Y, Wang P, Nair MS, Huang Y, Francino-Urdániz IM, Steiner PJ, Gutiérrez-González M, Liu L, López Acevedo SN, Nazzari AF, Wolfe JR, Luo Y, Olia AS, Teng IT, Yu J, Zhou T, Reddem ER, Bimela J, Pan X, Madan B, Laflin AD, Nimrania R, Yuen KY, Whitehead TA, Ho DD, Kwong PD, Shapiro L, DeKosky BJ. Paired heavy- and light-chain signatures contribute to potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralization in public antibody responses. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109771. [PMID: 34587480 PMCID: PMC8479507 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of protective antibody recognition can inform vaccine and therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. We report a monoclonal antibody, 910-30, targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding site for ACE2 as a member of a public antibody response encoded by IGHV3-53/IGHV3-66 genes. Sequence and structural analyses of 910-30 and related antibodies explore how class recognition features correlate with SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Cryo-EM structures of 910-30 bound to the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer reveal binding interactions and its ability to disassemble spike. Despite heavy-chain sequence similarity, biophysical analyses of IGHV3-53/3-66-encoded antibodies highlight the importance of native heavy:light pairings for ACE2-binding competition and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. We develop paired heavy:light class sequence signatures and determine antibody precursor prevalence to be ∼1 in 44,000 human B cells, consistent with public antibody identification in several convalescent COVID-19 patients. These class signatures reveal genetic, structural, and functional immune features that are helpful in accelerating antibody-based medical interventions for SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey B Banach
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed S Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Irene M Francino-Urdániz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Paul J Steiner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | | | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Alexandra F Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacy R Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eswar R Reddem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jude Bimela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Amy D Laflin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Rajani Nimrania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mart Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Timothy A Whitehead
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cerutti G, Guo Y, Wang P, Nair MS, Huang Y, Yu J, Liu L, Katsamba PS, Bahna F, Reddem ER, Kwong PD, Ho DD, Sheng Z, Shapiro L. Neutralizing antibody 5-7 defines a distinct site of vulnerability in SARS-CoV-2 spike N-terminal domain. bioRxiv 2021:2021.06.29.450397. [PMID: 34230927 PMCID: PMC8259903 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.29.450397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antibodies that potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 target mainly the receptor-binding domain or the N-terminal domain (NTD). Over a dozen potently neutralizing NTD-directed antibodies have been studied structurally, and all target a single antigenic supersite in NTD (site 1). Here we report the 3.7 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of a potent NTD-directed neutralizing antibody 5-7, which recognizes a site distinct from other potently neutralizing antibodies, inserting a binding loop into an exposed hydrophobic pocket between the two sheets of the NTD β-sandwich. Interestingly, this pocket has been previously identified as the binding site for hydrophobic molecules including heme metabolites, but we observe their presence to not substantially impede 5-7 recognition. Mirroring its distinctive binding, antibody 5-7 retains a distinctive neutralization potency with variants of concern (VOC). Overall, we reveal a hydrophobic pocket in NTD proposed for immune evasion can actually be used by the immune system for recognition. HIGHLIGHTS Cryo-EM structure of neutralizing antibody 5-7 in complex with SARS CoV-2 spike5-7 recognizes NTD outside of the previously identified antigenic supersite5-7 binds to a site known to accommodate numerous hydrophobic ligandsStructural basis of 5-7 neutralization tolerance to some variants of concern.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cerutti G, Guo Y, Zhou T, Gorman J, Lee M, Rapp M, Reddem ER, Yu J, Bahna F, Bimela J, Huang Y, Katsamba PS, Liu L, Nair MS, Rawi R, Olia AS, Wang P, Zhang B, Chuang GY, Ho DD, Sheng Z, Kwong PD, Shapiro L. Potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies directed against spike N-terminal domain target a single supersite. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:819-833.e7. [PMID: 33789084 PMCID: PMC7953435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 have been identified, and these generally target either the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the viral spike. While RBD-directed antibodies have been extensively studied, far less is known about NTD-directed antibodies. Here, we report cryo-EM and crystal structures for seven potent NTD-directed neutralizing antibodies in complex with spike or isolated NTD. These structures defined several antibody classes, with at least one observed in multiple convalescent donors. The structures revealed that all seven antibodies target a common surface, bordered by glycans N17, N74, N122, and N149. This site-formed primarily by a mobile β-hairpin and several flexible loops-was highly electropositive, located at the periphery of the spike, and the largest glycan-free surface of NTD facing away from the viral membrane. Thus, in contrast to neutralizing RBD-directed antibodies that recognize multiple non-overlapping epitopes, potent NTD-directed neutralizing antibodies appear to target a single supersite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cerutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Micah Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eswar R Reddem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jude Bimela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou T, Tsybovsky Y, Gorman J, Rapp M, Cerutti G, Chuang GY, Katsamba PS, Sampson JM, Schön A, Bimela J, Boyington JC, Nazzari A, Olia AS, Shi W, Sastry M, Stephens T, Stuckey J, Teng IT, Wang P, Wang S, Zhang B, Friesner RA, Ho DD, Mascola JR, Shapiro L, Kwong PD. Cryo-EM Structures of SARS-CoV-2 Spike without and with ACE2 Reveal a pH-Dependent Switch to Mediate Endosomal Positioning of Receptor-Binding Domains. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:867-879.e5. [PMID: 33271067 PMCID: PMC7670890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike employs mobile receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to engage the human ACE2 receptor and to facilitate virus entry, which can occur through low-pH-endosomal pathways. To understand how ACE2 binding and low pH affect spike conformation, we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures-at serological and endosomal pH-delineating spike recognition of up to three ACE2 molecules. RBDs freely adopted "up" conformations required for ACE2 interaction, primarily through RBD movement combined with smaller alterations in neighboring domains. In the absence of ACE2, single-RBD-up conformations dominated at pH 5.5, resolving into a solitary all-down conformation at lower pH. Notably, a pH-dependent refolding region (residues 824-858) at the spike-interdomain interface displayed dramatic structural rearrangements and mediated RBD positioning through coordinated movements of the entire trimer apex. These structures provide a foundation for understanding prefusion-spike mechanics governing endosomal entry; we suggest that the low pH all-down conformation potentially facilitates immune evasion from RBD-up binding antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Micah Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jared M Sampson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jude Bimela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Boyington
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan Stuckey
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou T, Teng IT, Olia AS, Cerutti G, Gorman J, Nazzari A, Shi W, Tsybovsky Y, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Katsamba PS, Petrova Y, Banach BB, Fahad AS, Liu L, Lopez Acevedo SN, Madan B, Oliveira de Souza M, Pan X, Wang P, Wolfe JR, Yin M, Ho DD, Phung E, DiPiazza A, Chang LA, Abiona OM, Corbett KS, DeKosky BJ, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Misasi J, Ruckwardt T, Sullivan NJ, Shapiro L, Kwong PD. Structure-Based Design with Tag-Based Purification and In-Process Biotinylation Enable Streamlined Development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Molecular Probes. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108322. [PMID: 33091382 PMCID: PMC7550166 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotin-labeled molecular probes, comprising specific regions of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike, would be helpful in the isolation and characterization of antibodies targeting this recently emerged pathogen. Here, we design constructs incorporating an N-terminal purification tag, a site-specific protease-cleavage site, the probe region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. Probe regions include full-length spike ectodomain as well as various subregions, and we also design mutants that eliminate recognition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Yields of biotin-labeled probes from transient transfection range from ∼0.5 mg/L for the complete ectodomain to >5 mg/L for several subregions. Probes are characterized for antigenicity and ACE2 recognition, and the structure of the spike ectodomain probe is determined by cryoelectron microscopy. We also characterize antibody-binding specificities and cell-sorting capabilities of the biotinylated probes. Altogether, structure-based design coupled to efficient purification and biotinylation processes can thus enable streamlined development of SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuliya Petrova
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bailey B Banach
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Ahmed S Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sheila N Lopez Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jacy R Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Michael Yin
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily Phung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony DiPiazza
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren A Chang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olubukola M Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bayer EA, Stecky RC, Neal L, Katsamba PS, Ahlsen G, Balaji V, Hoppe T, Shapiro L, Oren-Suissa M, Hobert O. Ubiquitin-dependent regulation of a conserved DMRT protein controls sexually dimorphic synaptic connectivity and behavior. eLife 2020; 9:59614. [PMID: 33021200 PMCID: PMC7538159 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific synaptic connectivity is beginning to emerge as a remarkable, but little explored feature of animal brains. We describe here a novel mechanism that promotes sexually dimorphic neuronal function and synaptic connectivity in the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that a phylogenetically conserved, but previously uncharacterized Doublesex/Mab-3 related transcription factor (DMRT), dmd-4, is expressed in two classes of sex-shared phasmid neurons specifically in hermaphrodites but not in males. We find dmd-4 to promote hermaphrodite-specific synaptic connectivity and neuronal function of phasmid sensory neurons. Sex-specificity of DMD-4 function is conferred by a novel mode of posttranslational regulation that involves sex-specific protein stabilization through ubiquitin binding to a phylogenetically conserved but previously unstudied protein domain, the DMA domain. A human DMRT homolog of DMD-4 is controlled in a similar manner, indicating that our findings may have implications for the control of sexual differentiation in other animals as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Bayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Rebecca C Stecky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Lauren Neal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Vishnu Balaji
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Meital Oren-Suissa
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Neurobiology, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou T, Tsybovsky Y, Olia AS, Gorman J, Rapp MA, Cerutti G, Chuang GY, Katsamba PS, Nazzari A, Sampson JM, Schon A, Wang PD, Bimela J, Shi W, Teng IT, Zhang B, Boyington JC, Sastry M, Stephens T, Stuckey J, Wang S, Friesner RA, Ho DD, Mascola JR, Shapiro L, Kwong PD. Cryo-EM Structures Delineate a pH-Dependent Switch that Mediates Endosomal Positioning of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domains. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32637958 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.04.187989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike employs mobile receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to engage the ACE2 receptor and to facilitate virus entry. Antibodies can engage RBD but some, such as CR3022, fail to inhibit entry despite nanomolar spike affinity. Here we show the SARS-CoV-2 spike to have low unfolding enthalpy at serological pH and up to 10-times more unfolding enthalpy at endosomal pH, where we observe significantly reduced CR3022 affinity. Cryo-EM structures -at serological and endosomal pH- delineated spike recognition of up to three ACE2 molecules, revealing RBD to freely adopt the 'up' conformation. In the absence of ACE2, single-RBD-up conformations dominated at pH 5.5, resolving into a locked all-down conformation at lower pH. Notably, a pH-dependent refolding region (residues 824-858) at the spike-interdomain interface displayed dramatic structural rearrangements and mediated RBD positioning and spike shedding of antibodies like CR3022. An endosomal mechanism involving spike-conformational change can thus facilitate immune evasion from RBD-'up'-recognizing antibody.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou T, Teng IT, Olia AS, Cerutti G, Gorman J, Nazzari A, Shi W, Tsybovsky Y, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Katsamba PS, Petrova Y, Banach BB, Fahad AS, Liu L, Acevedo SNL, Madan B, de Souza MO, Pan X, Wang P, Wolfe JR, Yin M, Ho DD, Phung E, DiPiazza A, Chang L, Abiona O, Corbett KS, DeKosky BJ, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Misasi J, Ruckwardt T, Sullivan NJ, Shapiro L, Kwong PD. Structure-Based Design with Tag-Based Purification and In-Process Biotinylation Enable Streamlined Development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Molecular Probes. SSRN 2020:3639618. [PMID: 32742241 PMCID: PMC7385481 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3639618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-labeled molecular probes, comprising specific regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, would be helpful in the isolation and characterization of antibodies targeting this recently emerged pathogen. To develop such probes, we designed constructs incorporating an N-terminal purification tag, a site-specific protease-cleavage site, the probe region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. Probe regions included full-length spike ectodomain as well as various subregions, and we also designed mutants to eliminate recognition of the ACE2 receptor. Yields of biotin-labeled probes from transient transfection ranged from ~0.5 mg/L for the complete ectodomain to >5 mg/L for several subregions. Probes were characterized for antigenicity and ACE2 recognition, and the structure of the spike ectodomain probe was determined by cryo-electron microscopy. We also characterized antibody-binding specificities and cell-sorting capabilities of the biotinylated probes. Altogether, structure-based design coupled to efficient purification and biotinylation processes can thus enable streamlined development of SARS-CoV-2 spike-ectodomain probes. Funding: Support for this work was provided by the Intramural Research Program of the Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Support for this work was also provided by COVID-19 Fast Grants, the Jack Ma Foundation, the Self Graduate Fellowship Program, and NIH grants DP5OD023118, R21AI143407, and R21AI144408. Some of this work was performed at the Columbia University Cryo-EM Center at the Zuckerman Institute, and some at the Simons Electron Microscopy Center (SEMC) and National Center for Cryo-EM Access and Training (NCCAT) located at the New York Structural Biology Center, supported by grants from the Simons Foundation (SF349247), NYSTAR, and the NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM103310). Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for B cell sorting were obtained from a convalescent SARS-CoV-2 patient (collected 75 days post symptom onset under an IRB approved clinical trial protocol, VRC 200 - ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00067054) and a healthy control donor from the NIH blood bank pre-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandra Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Phinikoula S. Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuliya Petrova
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bailey B. Banach
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jacy R. Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Michael Yin
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily Phung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony DiPiazza
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren Chang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olubukula Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J. Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Lead Contact: Peter D. Kwong
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou T, Teng IT, Olia AS, Cerutti G, Gorman J, Nazzari A, Shi W, Tsybovsky Y, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Katsamba PS, Petrova Y, Banach BB, Fahad AS, Liu L, Lopez Acevedo SN, Madan B, de Souza MO, Pan X, Wang P, Wolfe JR, Yin M, Ho DD, Phung E, DiPiazza A, Chang L, Abiona O, Corbett KS, DeKosky BJ, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Misasi J, Ruckwardt T, Sullivan NJ, Shapiro L, Kwong PD. Structure-Based Design with Tag-Based Purification and In-Process Biotinylation Enable Streamlined Development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Molecular Probes. bioRxiv 2020:2020.06.22.166033. [PMID: 32596696 PMCID: PMC7315997 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.22.166033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-labeled molecular probes, comprising specific regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, would be helpful in the isolation and characterization of antibodies targeting this recently emerged pathogen. To develop such probes, we designed constructs incorporating an N-terminal purification tag, a site-specific protease-cleavage site, the probe region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. Probe regions included full-length spike ectodomain as well as various subregions, and we also designed mutants to eliminate recognition of the ACE2 receptor. Yields of biotin-labeled probes from transient transfection ranged from ~0.5 mg/L for the complete ectodomain to >5 mg/L for several subregions. Probes were characterized for antigenicity and ACE2 recognition, and the structure of the spike ectodomain probe was determined by cryo-electron microscopy. We also characterized antibody-binding specificities and cell-sorting capabilities of the biotinylated probes. Altogether, structure-based design coupled to efficient purification and biotinylation processes can thus enable streamlined development of SARS-CoV-2 spike-ectodomain probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandra Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Phinikoula S. Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuliya Petrova
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bailey B. Banach
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jacy R. Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Michael Yin
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily Phung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony DiPiazza
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren Chang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olubukula Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J. Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Lead Contact: Peter D. Kwong ()
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sergeeva AP, Katsamba PS, Cosmanescu F, Brewer JJ, Ahlsen G, Mannepalli S, Shapiro L, Honig B. DIP/Dpr interactions and the evolutionary design of specificity in protein families. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2125. [PMID: 32358559 PMCID: PMC7195491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential binding affinities among closely related protein family members underlie many biological phenomena, including cell-cell recognition. Drosophila DIP and Dpr proteins mediate neuronal targeting in the fly through highly specific protein-protein interactions. We show here that DIPs/Dprs segregate into seven specificity subgroups defined by binding preferences between their DIP and Dpr members. We then describe a sequence-, structure- and energy-based computational approach, combined with experimental binding affinity measurements, to reveal how specificity is coded on the canonical DIP/Dpr interface. We show that binding specificity of DIP/Dpr subgroups is controlled by "negative constraints", which interfere with binding. To achieve specificity, each subgroup utilizes a different combination of negative constraints, which are broadly distributed and cover the majority of the protein-protein interface. We discuss the structural origins of negative constraints, and potential general implications for the evolutionary origins of binding specificity in multi-protein families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina P Sergeeva
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filip Cosmanescu
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua J Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seetha Mannepalli
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cosmanescu F, Katsamba PS, Sergeeva AP, Ahlsen G, Patel SD, Brewer JJ, Tan L, Xu S, Xiao Q, Nagarkar-Jaiswal S, Nern A, Bellen HJ, Zipursky SL, Honig B, Shapiro L. Neuron-Subtype-Specific Expression, Interaction Affinities, and Specificity Determinants of DIP/Dpr Cell Recognition Proteins. Neuron 2018; 100:1385-1400.e6. [PMID: 30467080 PMCID: PMC6309224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Binding between DIP and Dpr neuronal recognition proteins has been proposed to regulate synaptic connections between lamina and medulla neurons in the Drosophila visual system. Each lamina neuron was previously shown to express many Dprs. Here, we demonstrate, by contrast, that their synaptic partners typically express one or two DIPs, with binding specificities matched to the lamina neuron-expressed Dprs. A deeper understanding of the molecular logic of DIP/Dpr interaction requires quantitative studies on the properties of these proteins. We thus generated a quantitative affinity-based DIP/Dpr interactome for all DIP/Dpr protein family members. This revealed a broad range of affinities and identified homophilic binding for some DIPs and some Dprs. These data, along with full-length ectodomain DIP/Dpr and DIP/DIP crystal structures, led to the identification of molecular determinants of DIP/Dpr specificity. This structural knowledge, along with a comprehensive set of quantitative binding affinities, provides new tools for functional studies in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Cosmanescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alina P Sergeeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Saurabh D Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua J Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shuwa Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sonal Nagarkar-Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aljoscha Nern
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S Lawrence Zipursky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dionne G, Qiu X, Rapp M, Liang X, Zhao B, Peng G, Katsamba PS, Ahlsen G, Rubinstein R, Potter CS, Carragher B, Honig B, Müller U, Shapiro L. Mechanotransduction by PCDH15 Relies on a Novel cis-Dimeric Architecture. Neuron 2018; 99:480-492.e5. [PMID: 30057206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The tip link, a filament formed by protocadherin 15 (PCDH15) and cadherin 23, conveys mechanical force from sound waves and head movement to open hair-cell mechanotransduction channels. Tip-link cadherins are thought to have acquired structural features critical for their role in mechanotransduction. Here, we biophysically and structurally characterize the unusual cis-homodimeric architecture of PCDH15. We show that PCDH15 molecules form double-helical assemblies through cis-dimerization interfaces in the extracellular cadherin EC2-EC3 domain region and in a unique membrane-proximal domain. Electron microscopy studies visualize the cis-dimeric PCDH15 assembly and reveal the PCDH15 extracellular domain as a parallel double helix with cis cross-bridges at the two locations we defined. The helical configuration suggests the potential for elasticity through helix winding and unwinding. Functional studies in hair cells show that mutations that perturb PCDH15 dimerization contacts affect mechanotransduction. Together, these data reveal the cis-dimeric architecture of PCDH15 and show that dimerization is critical for sensing mechanical stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilman Dionne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xufeng Qiu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Micah Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guihong Peng
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rotem Rubinstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Clinton S Potter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Bridget Carragher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goodman KM, Yamagata M, Jin X, Mannepalli S, Katsamba PS, Ahlsén G, Sergeeva AP, Honig B, Sanes JR, Shapiro L. Molecular basis of sidekick-mediated cell-cell adhesion and specificity. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27644106 PMCID: PMC5045292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sidekick (Sdk) 1 and 2 are related immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion proteins required for appropriate synaptic connections between specific subtypes of retinal neurons. Sdks mediate cell-cell adhesion with homophilic specificity that underlies their neuronal targeting function. Here we report crystal structures of Sdk1 and Sdk2 ectodomain regions, revealing similar homodimers mediated by the four N-terminal immunoglobulin domains (Ig1-4), arranged in a horseshoe conformation. These Ig1-4 horseshoes interact in a novel back-to-back orientation in both homodimers through Ig1:Ig2, Ig1:Ig1 and Ig3:Ig4 interactions. Structure-guided mutagenesis results show that this canonical dimer is required for both Sdk-mediated cell aggregation (via trans interactions) and Sdk clustering in isolated cells (via cis interactions). Sdk1/Sdk2 recognition specificity is encoded across Ig1-4, with Ig1-2 conferring the majority of binding affinity and differential specificity. We suggest that competition between cis and trans interactions provides a novel mechanism to sharpen the specificity of cell-cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M Goodman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Masahito Yamagata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Xiangshu Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Seetha Mannepalli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Göran Ahlsén
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Alina P Sergeeva
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Harrison OJ, Vendome J, Brasch J, Jin X, Hong S, Katsamba PS, Ahlsen G, Troyanovsky RB, Troyanovsky SM, Honig B, Shapiro L. Nectin ectodomain structures reveal a canonical adhesive interface. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2012; 19:906-15. [PMID: 22902367 PMCID: PMC3443293 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nectins are immunoglobulin superfamily glycoproteins that mediate intercellular adhesion in many vertebrate tissues. Homophilic and heterophilic interactions between nectin family members help to mediate tissue patterning. We determined homophilic binding affinities and heterophilic specificities of all four nectins and the related protein nectin-like 5 from human and mouse, revealing a range of homophilic strengths and a defined heterophilic specificity pattern. To understand the molecular basis of adhesion and specificity, we determined crystal structures of natively glycosylated full ectodomains or adhesive fragments of nectins 1–4 and nectin-like 5. All crystal structures reveal dimeric nectins bound through a stereotyped interface previously proposed to represent a cis dimer. However, conservation of this interface and results of targeted cross-linking experiments show that this dimer likely represents the adhesive trans interaction. Its structure provides a simple molecular explanation for the adhesive binding specificity of nectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Koehnke J, Katsamba PS, Ahlsen G, Bahna F, Vendome J, Honig B, Shapiro L, Jin X. Splice form dependence of beta-neurexin/neuroligin binding interactions. Neuron 2010; 67:61-74. [PMID: 20624592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alternatively spliced beta-neurexins (beta-NRXs) and neuroligins (NLs) are thought to have distinct extracellular binding affinities, potentially providing a beta-NRX/NL synaptic recognition code. We utilized surface plasmon resonance to measure binding affinities between all combinations of alternatively spliced beta-NRX 1-3 and NL 1-3 ectodomains. Binding was observed for all beta-NRX/NL pairs. The presence of the NL1 B splice insertion lowers beta-NRX binding affinity by approximately 2-fold, while beta-NRX splice insertion 4 has small effects that do not synergize with NL splicing. New structures of glycosylated beta-NRXs 1 and 2 containing splice insertion 4 reveal that the insertion forms a new beta strand that replaces the beta10 strand, leaving the NL binding site intact. This helps to explain the limited effect of splice insert 4 on NRX/NL binding affinities. These results provide new structural insights and quantitative binding information to help determine whether and how splice isoform choice plays a role in beta-NRX/NL-mediated synaptic recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesko Koehnke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Koehnke J, Jin X, Trbovic N, Katsamba PS, Brasch J, Ahlsen G, Scheiffele P, Honig B, Palmer AG, Shapiro L. Crystal structures of beta-neurexin 1 and beta-neurexin 2 ectodomains and dynamics of splice insertion sequence 4. Structure 2008; 16:410-21. [PMID: 18334216 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2007.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic neurexins (NRXs) bind to postsynaptic neuroligins (NLs) to form Ca(2+)-dependent complexes that bridge neural synapses. beta-NRXs bind NLs through their LNS domains, which contain a single site of alternative splicing (splice site 4) giving rise to two isoforms: +4 and Delta. We present crystal structures of the Delta isoforms of the LNS domains from beta-NRX1 and beta-NRX2, crystallized in the presence of Ca(2+) ions. The Ca(2+)-binding site is disordered in the beta-NRX2 structure, but the 1.7 A beta-NRX1 structure reveals a single Ca(2+) ion, approximately 12 A from the splice insertion site, with one coordinating ligand donated by a glutamic acid from an adjacent beta-NRX1 molecule. NMR studies of beta-NRX1+4 show that the insertion sequence is unstructured, and remains at least partially disordered in complex with NL. These results raise the possibility that beta-NRX insertion sequence 4 may function in roles independent of neuroligin binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesko Koehnke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Papalia GA, Leavitt S, Bynum MA, Katsamba PS, Wilton R, Qiu H, Steukers M, Wang S, Bindu L, Phogat S, Giannetti AM, Ryan TE, Pudlak VA, Matusiewicz K, Michelson KM, Nowakowski A, Pham-Baginski A, Brooks J, Tieman BC, Bruce BD, Vaughn M, Baksh M, Cho YH, Wit MD, Smets A, Vandersmissen J, Michiels L, Myszka DG. Comparative analysis of 10 small molecules binding to carbonic anhydrase II by different investigators using Biacore technology. Anal Biochem 2006; 359:94-105. [PMID: 17007806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this benchmark study, 26 investigators were asked to characterize the kinetics and affinities of 10 sulfonamide inhibitors binding to the enzyme carbonic anhydrase II using Biacore optical biosensors. A majority of the participants collected data that could be fit to a 1:1 interaction model, but a subset of the data sets obtained from some instruments were of poor quality. The experimental errors in the k(a), k(d), and K(D) parameters determined for each of the compounds averaged 34, 24, and 37%, respectively. As expected, the greatest variation in the reported constants was observed for compounds with exceptionally weak affinity and/or fast association rates. The binding constants determined using the biosensor correlated well with solution-based titration calorimetry measurements. The results of this study provide insight into the challenges, as well as the level of experimental variation, that one would expect to observe when using Biacore technology for small molecule analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Papalia
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Katsamba PS, Navratilova I, Calderon-Cacia M, Fan L, Thornton K, Zhu M, Bos TV, Forte C, Friend D, Laird-Offringa I, Tavares G, Whatley J, Shi E, Widom A, Lindquist KC, Klakamp S, Drake A, Bohmann D, Roell M, Rose L, Dorocke J, Roth B, Luginbühl B, Myszka DG. Kinetic analysis of a high-affinity antibody/antigen interaction performed by multiple Biacore users. Anal Biochem 2006; 352:208-21. [PMID: 16564019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To explore the reliability of Biacore-based assays, 22 study participants measured the binding of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Each participant was provided with the same reagents and a detailed experimental protocol. The mAb was immobilized on the sensor chip at three different densities and a two-step assay was used to determine the kinetic and affinity parameters of the PSA/mAb complex. First, PSA was tested over a concentration range of 2.5-600 nM to obtain k(a) information. Second, to define the k(d) of this stable antigen/antibody complex accurately, the highest PSA concentration was retested with the dissociation phase of each binding cycle monitored for 1h. All participants collected data that could be analyzed to obtain kinetic parameters for the interaction. The association and the extended-dissociation data derived from the three antibody surfaces were globally fit using a simple 1:1 interaction model. The average k(a) and k(d) for the PSA/mAb interaction as calculated from the 22 analyses were (4.1+/-0.6) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and (4.5+/-0.6) x 10(-5) s(-1), respectively. Overall, the experimental standard errors in the rate constants were only approximately 14%. Based on the kinetic rate constants, the affinity (K(D)) of the PSA/mAb interaction was 1.1+/-0.2 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Karlsson R, Katsamba PS, Nordin H, Pol E, Myszka DG. Analyzing a kinetic titration series using affinity biosensors. Anal Biochem 2006; 349:136-47. [PMID: 16337141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The classical method of measuring binding constants with affinity-based biosensors involves testing several analyte concentrations over the same ligand surface and regenerating the surface between binding cycles. Here we describe an alternative approach to collecting kinetic binding data, which we call "kinetic titration." This method involves sequentially injecting an analyte concentration series without any regeneration steps. Through a combination of simulation and experimentation, we show that this method can be as robust as the classical method of analysis. In addition, kinetic titrations can be more efficient than the conventional data collection method and allow us to fully characterize analyte binding to ligand surfaces that are difficult to regenerate.
Collapse
|
29
|
Swaminathan GJ, Myszka DG, Katsamba PS, Ohnuki LE, Gleich GJ, Acharya KR. Eosinophil-granule major basic protein, a C-type lectin, binds heparin. Biochemistry 2006; 44:14152-8. [PMID: 16245931 DOI: 10.1021/bi051112b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP), a constituent of the eosinophil secondary granule, is implicated in cytotoxicity and mediation of allergic disorders such as asthma. It is a member of the C-type lectin family, but lacks a Ca(2+)- and carbohydrate-binding site as seen in other members of this family. Here, we report the crystal structure of EMBP in complex with a heparin disaccharide and in the absence of Ca(2+), the first such report of any C-lectin with this sugar. We also provide direct evidence of binding of EMBP to heparin and heparin disaccharide by surface plasmon resonance. We propose that the sugars recognized by EMBP are likely to be proteoglycans such as heparin, leading to new interpretations for EMBP function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Jawahar Swaminathan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ferguson CG, James RD, Bigman CS, Shepard DA, Abdiche Y, Katsamba PS, Myszka DG, Prestwich GD. Phosphoinositide-containing polymerized liposomes: stable membrane-mimetic vesicles for protein-lipid binding analysis. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 16:1475-83. [PMID: 16287244 DOI: 10.1021/bc050197q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stable phosphoinositide (PIP(n))-containing liposomes were prepared using polydiacetylene photochemistry. Tethered pentacosadiynyl inositol polyphosphate (InsP(n)) analogues of Ins(1,3,4)P(3), Ins(1,4,5)P(3), and Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) were synthesized, incorporated into vesicles made up of diyne-phosphatidylcholine and -phosphatidylethanolamine, and polymerized by UV irradiation. The polymerized liposome nanoparticles showed markedly increased stability over conventional PIP(n)-containing vesicles as a result of the covalent conjugated ene-yne network in the acyl chains. The polymerized liposomes were specifically recognized by PIP(n) binding PH domains in liposome overlay assays and amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assays. Moreover, the biotin moiety allowed attachment of the nanoparticles to a streptavidin-coated sensor chips in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. The PIP(n) headgroups displayed on SPR sensors showed higher affinities for PH domains and PIP(n) monoclonal antibodies than did monomeric PIP(n)-analogues with biotinylated acyl chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Ferguson
- Echelon Biosciences Inc., 675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 302, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Law MJ, Linde ME, Chambers EJ, Oubridge C, Katsamba PS, Nilsson L, Haworth IS, Laird-Offringa IA. The role of positively charged amino acids and electrostatic interactions in the complex of U1A protein and U1 hairpin II RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:275-85. [PMID: 16407334 PMCID: PMC1326249 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkj436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous kinetic investigations of the N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain of spliceosomal protein U1A, interacting with its RNA target U1 hairpin II, provided experimental evidence for a ‘lure and lock’ model of binding in which electrostatic interactions first guide the RNA to the protein, and close range interactions then lock the two molecules together. To further investigate the ‘lure’ step, here we examined the electrostatic roles of two sets of positively charged amino acids in U1A that do not make hydrogen bonds to the RNA: Lys20, Lys22 and Lys23 close to the RNA-binding site, and Arg7, Lys60 and Arg70, located on ‘top’ of the RRM domain, away from the RNA. Surface plasmon resonance-based kinetic studies, supplemented with salt dependence experiments and molecular dynamics simulation, indicate that Lys20 predominantly plays a role in association, while nearby residues Lys22 and Lys23 appear to be at least as important for complex stability. In contrast, kinetic analyses of residues away from the RNA indicate that they have a minimal effect on association and stability. Thus, well-positioned positively charged residues can be important for both initial complex formation and complex maintenance, illustrating the multiple roles of electrostatic interactions in protein–RNA complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Law
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
| | - Michael E. Linde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
| | - Eric J. Chambers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
| | - Chris Oubridge
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyHills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - Phinikoula S. Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences at NovumSE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ian S. Haworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
| | - Ite A. Laird-Offringa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 323 865 0655; Fax: +1 323 865 0158;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Law MJ, Chambers EJ, Katsamba PS, Haworth IS, Laird-Offringa IA. Kinetic analysis of the role of the tyrosine 13, phenylalanine 56 and glutamine 54 network in the U1A/U1 hairpin II interaction. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:2917-28. [PMID: 15914668 PMCID: PMC1140079 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The A protein of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle, interacting with its stem-loop RNA target (U1hpII), is frequently used as a paradigm for RNA binding by recognition motif domains (RRMs). U1A/U1hpII complex formation has been proposed to consist of at least two steps: electrostatically mediated alignment of both molecules followed by locking into place, based on the establishment of close-range interactions. The sequence of events between alignment and locking remains obscure. Here we examine the roles of three critical residues, Tyr13, Phe56 and Gln54, in complex formation and stability using Biacore. Our mutational and kinetic data suggest that Tyr13 plays a more important role than Phe56 in complex formation. Mutational analysis of Gln54, combined with molecular dynamics studies, points to Arg52 as another key residue in association. Based on our data and previous structural and modeling studies, we propose that electrostatic alignment of the molecules is followed by hydrogen bond formation between the RNA and Arg52, and the sequential establishment of interactions with loop bases (including Tyr13). A quadruple stack, sandwiching two bases between Phe56 and Asp92, would occur last and coincide with the rearrangement of a C-terminal helix that partially occludes the RRM surface in the free protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric J. Chambers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
| | | | - Ian S. Haworth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
| | - Ite A. Laird-Offringa
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 323 865 0655; Fax: +1 323 865 0158;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Katsamba PS, Bayramyan M, Haworth IS, Myszka DG, Laird-Offringa IA. Complex role of the beta 2-beta 3 loop in the interaction of U1A with U1 hairpin II RNA. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:33267-74. [PMID: 12082087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200304200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) are characterized by highly conserved regions located centrally on a beta-sheet, which forms the RNA binding surface. Variable flanking regions, such as the loop connecting beta-strands 2 and 3, are thought to be important in determining the RNA-binding specificities of individual RRMs. The N-terminal RRM of the spliceosomal U1A protein mediates binding to an RNA hairpin (U1hpII) in the U1 small nuclear RNA. In this complex, the beta(2)-beta(3) loop protrudes through the 10-nucleotide RNA loop. Shortening of the RNA loop strongly perturbs binding, suggesting that an optimal "fit" of the beta(2)-beta(3) loop into the RNA loop is an important factor in complexation. To understand this interaction further, we mutated or deleted loop residues Lys(50) and Met(51), which protrude centrally into the RNA loop but do not make any direct contacts to the bases. Using BIACORE, we analyzed the ability of these U1A mutants to bind to wild type RNAs, or RNAs with shortened loops. Alanine replacement mutations only modestly affected binding to wild type U1hpII. Interestingly, simultaneous replacement of Lys(50) and Met(51) with alanine appeared to alleviate the loss of binding caused by shortening of the RNA loop. Deletion of Lys(50) or Met(51) caused a dramatic loss in stability of the U1A.U1hpII complex. However, deletion of both residues simultaneously was much less deleterious. Simulated annealing molecular dynamics analyses suggest this is due to the ability of this mutant to rearrange flanking amino acids to substitute for the two deleted residues. The double deletion mutant also exhibited substantially reduced negative effects of RNA loop shortening, suggesting the rearranged loop is better able to accommodate a short RNA loop. Our results indicate that one of the roles of the beta(2)-beta(3) loop is to provide a steric fit into the RNA loop, thereby stabilizing the RNA.protein complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Norris Cancer Center/University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089-9176, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Although structural, biochemical, and genetic studies have provided much insight into the determinants of specificity and affinity of proteins for RNA, little is currently known about the kinetics that underlie RNA-protein interactions. Protein-RNA complexes are dynamic, and the kinetics of binding and release could influence many processes, such as the ability of RNA-binding proteins to compete for binding sites, the sequential assembly of ribonucleoprotein complexes, and the ability of bound RNA to move between cellular compartments. Therefore, to attain a complete and biologically relevant understanding of RNA-protein interactions, complex formation must be studied not only in equilibrated reactions, but also as a dynamic process. BIACORE, a surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor technology, allows intermolecular interactions to be measured in real time, and can provide both equilibrium and kinetic information about complex formation. This technology is a powerful tool with which to study the dynamics of RNA-protein interactions. We have used BIACORE extensively to obtain detailed insight into the interaction between RNA and proteins carrying RNA recognition motif domains. Here we discuss the physical principles on which BIACORE is based, and the required instrumentation. We describe how to design well-controlled RNA-protein interaction experiments aimed at yielding high-quality data, and outline the steps required for data analysis. In addition, we present examples to illustrate how kinetic studies have provided us with unique insights into the interaction of the spliceosomal U1A protein and the neuronal HuD protein with their respective RNA targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Cancer Center, MC#9176, Room NOR6420, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles 90089-9176, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Katsamba PS, Myszka DG, Laird-Offringa IA. Two functionally distinct steps mediate high affinity binding of U1A protein to U1 hairpin II RNA. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:21476-81. [PMID: 11297556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101624200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of the U1A protein to its RNA target U1 hairpin II has been extensively studied as a model for a high affinity RNA/protein interaction. However, the mechanism and kinetics by which this complex is formed remain largely unknown. Here we use real-time biomolecular interaction analysis to dissect the roles various protein and RNA structural elements play in the formation of the U1A.U1 hairpin II complex. We show that neutralization of positive charges on the protein or increasing the salt concentration slows the association rate, suggesting that electrostatic interactions play an important role in bringing RNA and protein together. In contrast, removal of hydrogen bonding or stacking interactions within the RNA/protein interface, or reducing the size of the RNA loop, dramatically destabilizes the complex, as seen by a strong increase in the dissociation rate. Our data support a binding mechanism consisting of a rapid initial association based on electrostatic interactions and a subsequent locking step based on close-range interactions that occur during the induced fit of RNA and protein. Remarkably, these two steps can be clearly distinguished using U1A mutants containing single amino acid substitutions. Our observations explain the extraordinary affinity of U1A for its target and may suggest a general mechanism for high affinity RNA/protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Katsamba
- Norris Cancer Center/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9176, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|