1
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Lee K, Perry K, Xu M, Veillard I, Kumar R, Rao TD, Rueda BR, Spriggs DR, Yeku OO. Structural basis for antibody recognition of the proximal MUC16 ectodomain. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:41. [PMID: 38374055 PMCID: PMC10875768 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucin 16 (MUC16) overexpression is linked with cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance in high grade serous ovarian cancer and other malignancies. The cleavage of MUC16 forms independent bimodular fragments, the shed tandem repeat sequence which circulates as a protein bearing the ovarian cancer biomarker (CA125) and a proximal membrane-bound component which is critical in MUC16 oncogenic behavior. A humanized, high affinity antibody targeting the proximal ectodomain represents a potential therapeutic agent against MUC16 with lower antigenic potential and restricted human tissue expression. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate the potential therapeutic versatility of the humanized antibody as a monoclonal antibody, antibody drug conjugate, and chimeric antigen receptor. We report the crystal structures of 4H11-scFv, derived from an antibody specifically targeting the MUC16 C-terminal region, alone and in complex with a 26-amino acid MUC16 segment resolved at 2.36 Å and 2.47 Å resolution, respectively. The scFv forms a robust interaction with an epitope consisting of two consecutive β-turns and a β-hairpin stabilized by 2 hydrogen bonds. The VH-VL interface within the 4H11-scFv is stabilized through an intricate network of 11 hydrogen bonds and a cation-π interaction. CONCLUSIONS Together, our studies offer insight into antibody-MUC16 ectodomain interaction and advance our ability to design agents with potentially improved therapeutic properties over anti-CA125 moiety antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangkook Lee
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kay Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, NE-CAT, Cornell University, Building 436E, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irva Veillard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thapi Dharma Rao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David R Spriggs
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oladapo O Yeku
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Nguyen K, Li K, Flores K, Tomaras GD, Dennison SM, McCarthy JM. Parameter estimation and identifiability analysis for a bivalent analyte model of monoclonal antibody-antigen binding. Anal Biochem 2023; 679:115263. [PMID: 37549723 PMCID: PMC10511885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is an extensively used technique to characterize antigen-antibody interactions. Affinity measurements by SPR typically involve testing the binding of antigen in solution to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) immobilized on a chip and fitting the kinetics data using 1:1 Langmuir binding model to derive rate constants. However, when it is necessary to immobilize antigens instead of the mAbs, a bivalent analyte (1:2) binding model is required for kinetics analysis. This model is lacking in data analysis packages associated with high throughput SPR instruments and the packages containing this model do not explore multiple local minima and parameter identifiability issues that are common in non-linear optimization. Therefore, we developed a method to use a system of ordinary differential equations for analyzing 1:2 binding kinetics data. Salient features of this method include a grid search on parameter initialization and a profile likelihood approach to determine parameter identifiability. Using this method we found a non-identifiable parameter in data set collected under the standard experimental design. A simulation-guided improved experimental design led to reliable estimation of all rate constants. The method and approach developed here for analyzing 1:2 binding kinetics data will be valuable for expeditious therapeutic antibody discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Nguyen
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607, NC, USA; Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607, NC, USA.
| | - Kan Li
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, 27701, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Flores
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607, NC, USA; Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607, NC, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, 27701, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA; Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - S Moses Dennison
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, 27701, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Janice M McCarthy
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, 27701, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
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3
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Guliy OI, Zaitsev BD, Smirnov AV, Karavaeva OA, Burygin GL, Borodina IA. Microwave resonator-based sensor system for specific antibody detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124613. [PMID: 37119881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
An antibody-detecting sensor is described that is based on a microwave electrodynamic resonator. A polystyrene film with immobilized bacteria deposited on a lithium niobate plate was placed at one end of the resonator and was used as the sensing element. The second end was electrically shorted. The frequency and depth of the reflection coefficient S11 for three resonances in the range 6.5-8.5 GHz were used as an analytical signal to examine antibody interactions with bacteria and determine the time required for cell immobilization. The sensor distinguished between situations in which bacteria interacted with specific antibodies and those in which no such interaction occurred (control). Although the cell-antibody interaction changed the frequency and depth of the second and third resonance peaks, the parameters of the first resonance peak did not change. The interaction of cells with nonspecific antibodies did not change the parameters of any of the peaks. These results are promising for use in the design of methods to detect specific antibodies, which can supplement the existing methods of antibody analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I Guliy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms - Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia.
| | - Boris D Zaitsev
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
| | - Andrey V Smirnov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Olga A Karavaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms - Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - Gennady L Burygin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms - Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - Irina A Borodina
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
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4
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Robert PA, Akbar R, Frank R, Pavlović M, Widrich M, Snapkov I, Slabodkin A, Chernigovskaya M, Scheffer L, Smorodina E, Rawat P, Mehta BB, Vu MH, Mathisen IF, Prósz A, Abram K, Olar A, Miho E, Haug DTT, Lund-Johansen F, Hochreiter S, Haff IH, Klambauer G, Sandve GK, Greiff V. Unconstrained generation of synthetic antibody-antigen structures to guide machine learning methodology for antibody specificity prediction. Nat Comput Sci 2022; 2:845-865. [PMID: 38177393 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is a key technology for accurate prediction of antibody-antigen binding. Two orthogonal problems hinder the application of ML to antibody-specificity prediction and the benchmarking thereof: the lack of a unified ML formalization of immunological antibody-specificity prediction problems and the unavailability of large-scale synthetic datasets to benchmark real-world relevant ML methods and dataset design. Here we developed the Absolut! software suite that enables parameter-based unconstrained generation of synthetic lattice-based three-dimensional antibody-antigen-binding structures with ground-truth access to conformational paratope, epitope and affinity. We formalized common immunological antibody-specificity prediction problems as ML tasks and confirmed that for both sequence- and structure-based tasks, accuracy-based rankings of ML methods trained on experimental data hold for ML methods trained on Absolut!-generated data. The Absolut! framework has the potential to enable real-world relevant development and benchmarking of ML strategies for biotherapeutics design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Robert
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rahmad Akbar
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Frank
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Michael Widrich
- ELLIS Unit Linz and LIT AI Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Igor Snapkov
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrei Slabodkin
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Chernigovskaya
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Eva Smorodina
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Puneet Rawat
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai Ha Vu
- Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aurél Prósz
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Translational Cancer Genomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Abram
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Autoflow, DTU Biosustain and IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Olar
- Department of Complex Systems in Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
- aiNET GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sepp Hochreiter
- ELLIS Unit Linz and LIT AI Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence (IARAI), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Günter Klambauer
- ELLIS Unit Linz and LIT AI Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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5
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Suzuki H, Hata A, Yamanaka T, Matsumoto H, Kaiho T, Shiina Y, Toyoda T, Ito T, Inage T, Tanaka K, Sakairi Y, Wada H, Iwata T, Motohashi S, Yoshida S, Yoshino I. [The Basic Research of Antigen-antibody Reaction in Lung Transplantation]. Kyobu Geka 2022; 75:244-251. [PMID: 35342153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation has become popular in Japan, showing better survival rate than other countries. However, the results are still not satisfactory compared with other solid organ transplantation. One of the reasons for this might be that knowledge on donor-specific antibodies or antibody-related rejection, which has been attracting attention these days, is less than that of kidney or liver transplantation. Our laboratory has continued basic research in this field using rodent lung transplantation model. We have previously shown that type V collagen is associated in chronic rejection as an autoimmune, and that oral administration of type V collagen induces tolerance. The murine chronic rejection model of the minor antigen mismatch was developed, and involvement of the humoral immunity and role of the complement activation were shown. We are now studying the effects of immune checkpoint molecules, which play a central role in the field of cancer therapy, on rejection after lung transplantation. We are also working to verify the effects of anti-complement drugs and molecular targeted drugs in the future treatment on rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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6
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Cia G, Pucci F, Rooman M. Analysis of the Neutralizing Activity of Antibodies Targeting Open or Closed SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Conformations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042078. [PMID: 35216194 PMCID: PMC8876721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a polyclonal neutralizing antibody (nAb) response that primarily targets the spike protein, but it is still unclear which nAbs are immunodominant and what distinguishes them from subdominant nAbs. This information would however be crucial to predict the evolutionary trajectory of the virus and design future vaccines. To shed light on this issue, we gathered 83 structures of nAbs in complex with spike protein domains. We analyzed in silico the ability of these nAbs to bind the full spike protein trimer in open and closed conformations, and predicted the change in binding affinity of the most frequently observed spike protein variants in the circulating strains. This led us to define four nAb classes with distinct variant escape fractions. By comparing these fractions with those measured from plasma of infected patients, we showed that the class of nAbs that most contributes to the immune response is able to bind the spike protein in its closed conformation. Although this class of nAbs only partially inhibits the spike protein binding to the host’s angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), it has been suggested to lock the closed pre-fusion spike protein conformation and therefore prevent its transition to an open state. Furthermore, comparison of our predictions with mRNA-1273 vaccinated patient plasma measurements suggests that spike proteins contained in vaccines elicit a different nAb class than the one elicited by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggests the design of highly stable closed-form spike proteins as next-generation vaccine immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cia
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (G.C.); (F.P.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabrizio Pucci
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (G.C.); (F.P.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marianne Rooman
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (G.C.); (F.P.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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7
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Cai X, Chen M, Prominski A, Lin Y, Ankenbruck N, Rosenberg J, Nguyen M, Shi J, Tomatsidou A, Randall G, Missiakas D, Fung J, Chang EB, Penaloza‐MacMaster P, Tian B, Huang J. A Multifunctional Neutralizing Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticle Inhibits and Inactivates SARS-CoV-2. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2103240. [PMID: 34761549 PMCID: PMC8646742 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global pandemic. Despite intensive research, the current treatment options show limited curative efficacies. Here the authors report a strategy incorporating neutralizing antibodies conjugated to the surface of a photothermal nanoparticle (NP) to capture and inactivate SARS-CoV-2. The NP is comprised of a semiconducting polymer core and a biocompatible polyethylene glycol surface decorated with high-affinity neutralizing antibodies. The multifunctional NP efficiently captures SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirions and completely blocks viral infection to host cells in vitro through the surface neutralizing antibodies. In addition to virus capture and blocking function, the NP also possesses photothermal function to generate heat following irradiation for inactivation of virus. Importantly, the NPs described herein significantly outperform neutralizing antibodies at treating authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. This multifunctional NP provides a flexible platform that can be readily adapted to other SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and extended to novel therapeutic proteins, thus it is expected to provide a broad range of protection against original SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Cai
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Min Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | | | - Yiliang Lin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Nicholas Ankenbruck
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | | | - Mindy Nguyen
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Jiuyun Shi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Anastasia Tomatsidou
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward Taylor Ricketts LaboratoryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward Taylor Ricketts LaboratoryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward Taylor Ricketts LaboratoryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - John Fung
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | | | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
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8
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Futatsuya T, Fujii T, Nishibu A, Mochizuki T, Mai Y, Tateishi C, Hayashi D, Hashimoto T, Tsuruta D, Shimizu A. False negative for anti-BP180 antibody by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay: Dissociation from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and extended antigen-antibody reaction time. J Dermatol 2021; 49:e142-e144. [PMID: 34927747 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshiki Fujii
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishibu
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Mochizuki
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mai
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tateishi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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9
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Gilboa T, Cohen L, Cheng C, Lazarovits R, Uwamanzu‐Nna A, Han I, Griswold K, Barry N, Thompson DB, Kohman RE, Woolley AE, Karlson EW, Walt DR. A SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assay Using Single Molecule Arrays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25966-25972. [PMID: 34534408 PMCID: PMC8653099 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifests with high clinical variability and warrants sensitive and specific assays to analyze immune responses in infected and vaccinated individuals. Using Single Molecule Arrays (Simoa), we developed an assay to assess antibody neutralization with high sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities based on antibody-mediated blockage of the ACE2-spike interaction. The assay does not require live viruses or cells and can be performed in a biosafety level 2 laboratory within two hours. We used this assay to assess neutralization and antibody levels in patients who died of COVID-19 and patients hospitalized for a short period of time and show that neutralization and antibody levels increase over time. We also adapted the assay for SARS-CoV-2 variants and measured neutralization capacity in pre-pandemic healthy, COVID-19 infected, and vaccinated individuals. This assay is highly adaptable for clinical applications, such as vaccine development and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Gilboa
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalDepartment of PathologyBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Limor Cohen
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalDepartment of PathologyBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Chi‐An Cheng
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalDepartment of PathologyBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Roey Lazarovits
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalDepartment of PathologyBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Augusta Uwamanzu‐Nna
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalDepartment of PathologyBostonMA02115USA
| | - Isaac Han
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Kettner Griswold
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Nick Barry
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - David B. Thompson
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Richie E. Kohman
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Ann E. Woolley
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalDepartment of MedicineBostonMA02115USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Karlson
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalDepartment of MedicineBostonMA02115USA
| | - David R. Walt
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalDepartment of PathologyBostonMA02115USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
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10
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Tsai WY, Ching LL, Hsieh SC, Melish ME, Nerurkar VR, Wang WK. A real-time and high-throughput neutralization test based on SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus containing monomeric infrared fluorescent protein as reporter. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:894-904. [PMID: 33929934 PMCID: PMC8143625 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1925163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to correlate with protection in animals and humans, disease severity, survival, and vaccine efficacy. With the ongoing large-scale vaccination in different countries and continuous surge of new variants of global concerns, a convenient, cost-effective and high-throughput neutralization test is urgently needed. Conventional SARS-CoV-2 neutralization test is tedious, time-consuming and requires a biosafety level 3 laboratory. Despite recent reports of neutralizations using different pseudoviruses with a luciferase or green fluorescent protein reporter, the laborious steps, inter-assay variability or high background limit their high-throughput potential. In this study we generated lentivirus-based pseudoviruses containing a monomeric infrared fluorescent protein reporter to develop neutralization assays. Similar tropism, infection kinetics and mechanism of entry through receptor-mediated endocytosis were found in the three pseudoviruses generated. Compared with pseudovirus D614, pseudovirus with D614G mutation had decreased shedding and higher density of S1 protein present on particles. The 50% neutralization titers to pseudoviruses D614 or D614G correlated with the plaque reduction neutralization titers to live SARS-CoV-2. The turn-around time of 48-72 h, minimal autofluorescence, one-step image quantification, expandable to 384-well, sequential readouts and dual quantifications by flow cytometry support its high-throughput and versatile applications at a non-reference and biosafety level 2 laboratory, in particular for assessing the neutralization sensitivity of new variants by sera from natural infection or different vaccinations during our fight against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lauren L. Ching
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Szu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Marian E. Melish
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Kapi’olani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Vivek R. Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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11
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Carreño JM, Alshammary H, Singh G, Raskin A, Amanat F, Amoako A, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, van de Guchte A, Study Group P, Srivastava K, Sordillo EM, Sather DN, van Bakel H, Krammer F, Simon V. Evidence for retained spike-binding and neutralizing activity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in serum of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine recipients. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103626. [PMID: 34688034 PMCID: PMC8527879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly efficacious vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been developed. However, the emergence of viral variants that are more infectious than the earlier SARS-CoV-2 strains is concerning. Several of these viral variants have the potential to partially escape neutralizing antibody responses, warranting continued immune-monitoring. METHODS We used a panel of 30 post-mRNA vaccination sera to determine neutralization and RBD and spike binding activity against a number of emerging viral variants. The virus neutralization was determined using authentic SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolates in an assay format that mimics physiological conditions. FINDINGS We tested seven currently circulating viral variants of concern/interest, including the three Iota sublineages, Alpha (E484K), Beta, Delta and Lambda in neutralization assays. We found only small decreases in neutralization against Iota and Delta. The reduction was stronger against a sub-variant of Lambda, followed by Beta and Alpha (E484K). Lambda is currently circulating in parts of Latin America and was detected in Germany, the US and Israel. Of note, reduction in a receptor binding domain and spike binding assay that also included Gamma, Kappa and A.23.1 was negligible. INTERPRETATION Taken together, these findings suggest that mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may remain effective against these viral variants of concern/interest and that spike binding antibody tests likely retain specificity in the face of evolving SARS-CoV-2 diversity. FUNDING This work is part of the PARIS/SPARTA studies funded by the NIAID Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contract 75N93019C00051. In addition, this work was also partially funded by the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS, contract # HHSN272201400008C), the JPB Foundation, the Open Philanthropy Project (research grant 2020-215611 (5384), by anonymous donors and by the Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) in part with Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91020F00003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hala Alshammary
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Raskin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela Amoako
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adriana van de Guchte
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paris Study Group
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Komal Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilia Mia Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Global Health and Emerging Pathogen Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Cao Y, Choi YK, Frank M, Woo H, Park SJ, Yeom MS, Seok C, Im W. Dynamic Interactions of Fully Glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Various Antibodies. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6559-6569. [PMID: 34529436 PMCID: PMC8457324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents a public health crisis, and the vaccines that can induce highly potent neutralizing antibodies are essential for ending the pandemic. The spike (S) protein on the viral envelope mediates human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding and thus is the target of a variety of neutralizing antibodies. In this work, we built various S trimer-antibody complex structures on the basis of the fully glycosylated S protein models described in our previous work and performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to gain insight into the structural dynamics and interactions between S protein and antibodies. Investigation of the residues critical for S-antibody binding allows us to predict the potential influence of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants. Comparison of the glycan conformations between S-only and S-antibody systems reveals the roles of glycans in S-antibody binding. In addition, we explored the antibody binding modes and the influences of antibody on the motion of S protein receptor binding domains. Overall, our analyses provide a better understanding of S-antibody interactions, and the simulation-based S-antibody interaction maps could be used to predict the influences of S mutation on S-antibody interactions, which will be useful for the development of vaccine and antibody-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Cao
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yeol Kyo Choi
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | | | - Hyeonuk Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Min Sun Yeom
- Korean Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaok Seok
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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13
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Olia AS, Tsybovsky Y, Chen SJ, Liu C, Nazzari AF, Ou L, Wang L, Kong WP, Leung K, Liu T, Stephens T, Teng IT, Wang S, Yang ES, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. SARS-CoV-2 S2P spike ages through distinct states with altered immunogenicity. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101127. [PMID: 34461095 PMCID: PMC8393506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike is the primary target of virus-neutralizing antibodies and critical to the development of effective vaccines against COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate that the prefusion-stabilized two-proline "S2P" spike-widely employed for laboratory work and clinical studies-unfolds when stored at 4 °C, physiological pH, as observed by electron microscopy (EM) and differential scanning calorimetry, but that its trimeric, native-like conformation can be reacquired by low pH treatment. When stored for approximately 1 week, this unfolding does not significantly alter antigenic characteristics; however, longer storage diminishes antibody binding, and month-old spike elicits virtually no neutralization in mice despite inducing high ELISA-binding titers. Cryo-EM structures reveal the folded fraction of spike to decrease with aging; however, its structure remains largely similar, although with varying mobility of the receptor-binding domain. Thus, the SARS-CoV-2 spike is susceptible to unfolding, which affects immunogenicity, highlighting the need to monitor its integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven J Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra F Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kwan Leung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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14
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Murugavelu P, Perween R, Shrivastava T, Singh V, Ahmad Parray H, Singh S, Chiranjivi AK, Thiruvengadam R, Singh S, Yadav N, Jakhar K, Sonar S, Mani S, Bhattacharyya S, Sharma C, Vishwakarma P, Khatri R, Kumar Panchal A, Das S, Ahmed S, Samal S, Kshetrapal P, Bhatnagar S, Luthra K, Kumar R. Non-neutralizing SARS CoV-2 directed polyclonal antibodies demonstrate cross-reactivity with the HA glycans of influenza virus. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108020. [PMID: 34426117 PMCID: PMC8318684 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the foremost target for the designing of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies and also acts as a crucial antigen in the assessment of COVID-19 immune responses. The enveloped viruses; such as SARS-CoV-2, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) and influenza, often hijack host-cell glycosylation pathways and influence pathobiology and immune selection. These glycan motifs can lead to either immune evasion or viral neutralization by the production of cross-reactive antibodies that can lead to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. Potential cross-protection from influenza vaccine has also been reported in COVID-19 infected individuals in several epidemiological studies recently; however, the scientific basis for these observations remains elusive. Herein, we show that the anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies cross-reacts with the Hemagglutinin (HA) protein. This phenomenon is common to both the sera from convalescent SARS-CoV-2 donors and spike immunized mice, although these antibodies were unable to cross-neutralize, suggesting the presence of a non-neutralizing antibody response. Epitope mapping suggests that the cross-reactive antibodies are targeted towards glycan epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike and HA. Overall, our findings address the cross-reactive responses, although non-neutralizing, elicited against RNA viruses and warrant further studies to investigate whether such non-neutralizing antibody responses can contribute to effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or ADE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveenkumar Murugavelu
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Reshma Perween
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Vanshika Singh
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Parray
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Swarandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar Chiranjivi
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Ramachandran Thiruvengadam
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Kamini Jakhar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sudipta Sonar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Preeti Vishwakarma
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Ritika Khatri
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Anil Kumar Panchal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Supratik Das
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shubbir Ahmed
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Pallavi Kshetrapal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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15
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Lapp SA, Edara VV, Lu A, Lai L, Hussaini L, Chahroudi A, Anderson LJ, Suthar MS, Anderson EJ, Rostad CA. Original antigenic sin responses to Betacoronavirus spike proteins are observed in a mouse model, but are not apparent in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256482. [PMID: 34449792 PMCID: PMC8396729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of pre-existing endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) immunity on SARS-CoV-2 serologic and clinical responses are incompletely understood. Objectives We sought to determine the effects of prior exposure to HCoV Betacoronavirus HKU1 spike protein on serologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein after intramuscular administration in mice. We also sought to understand the baseline seroprevalence of HKU1 spike antibodies in healthy children and to measure their correlation with SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies in children hospitalized with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Methods Groups of 5 mice were injected intramuscularly with two doses of alum-adjuvanted HKU1 spike followed by SARS-CoV-2 spike; or the reciprocal regimen of SARS-Cov-2 spike followed by HKU1 spike. Sera collected 21 days following each injection was analyzed for IgG antibodies to HKU1 spike, SARS-CoV-2 spike, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Sera from children hospitalized with acute COVID-19, MIS-C or healthy controls (n = 14 per group) were analyzed for these same antibodies. Results Mice primed with SARS-CoV-2 spike and boosted with HKU1 spike developed high titers of SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies; however, mice primed with HKU1 spike and boosted with SARS-CoV-2 spike were unable to mount neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. HKU1 spike antibodies were detected in all children with acute COVID-19, MIS-C, and healthy controls. Although children with MIS-C had significantly higher HKU1 spike titers than healthy children (GMT 37239 vs. 7551, P = 0.012), these titers correlated positively with both SARS-CoV-2 binding (r = 0.7577, P<0.001) and neutralizing (r = 0.6201, P = 0.001) antibodies. Conclusions Prior murine exposure to HKU1 spike protein completely impeded the development of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, consistent with original antigenic sin. In contrast, the presence of HKU1 spike IgG antibodies in children with acute COVID-19 or MIS-C was not associated with diminished neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A. Lapp
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Austin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Laila Hussaini
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Christina A. Rostad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Wang L, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Yang ES, Schramm CA, Shi W, Pegu A, Oloniniyi OK, Henry AR, Darko S, Narpala SR, Hatcher C, Martinez DR, Tsybovsky Y, Phung E, Abiona OM, Antia A, Cale EM, Chang LA, Choe M, Corbett KS, Davis RL, DiPiazza AT, Gordon IJ, Hait SH, Hermanus T, Kgagudi P, Laboune F, Leung K, Liu T, Mason RD, Nazzari AF, Novik L, O'Connell S, O'Dell S, Olia AS, Schmidt SD, Stephens T, Stringham CD, Talana CA, Teng IT, Wagner DA, Widge AT, Zhang B, Roederer M, Ledgerwood JE, Ruckwardt TJ, Gaudinski MR, Moore PL, Doria-Rose NA, Baric RS, Graham BS, McDermott AB, Douek DC, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Sullivan NJ, Misasi J. Ultrapotent antibodies against diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants. Science 2021; 373:eabh1766. [PMID: 34210892 PMCID: PMC9269068 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that are resistant to therapeutic antibodies highlights the need for continuing discovery of broadly reactive antibodies. We identified four receptor binding domain-targeting antibodies from three early-outbreak convalescent donors with potent neutralizing activity against 23 variants, including the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.429, B.1.526, and B.1.617 VOCs. Two antibodies are ultrapotent, with subnanomolar neutralization titers [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.3 to 11.1 nanograms per milliliter; IC80 1.5 to 34.5 nanograms per milliliter). We define the structural and functional determinants of binding for all four VOC-targeting antibodies and show that combinations of two antibodies decrease the in vitro generation of escape mutants, suggesting their potential in mitigating resistance development.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibody Affinity
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- Humans
- Immune Evasion
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Mutation
- Neutralization Tests
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, Coronavirus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Coronavirus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olamide K Oloniniyi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandeep R Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian Hatcher
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Emily Phung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olubukola M Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avan Antia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Evan M Cale
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren A Chang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachel L Davis
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony T DiPiazza
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ingelise J Gordon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Prudence Kgagudi
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kwanyee Leung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosemarie D Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra F Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura Novik
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah O'Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher D Stringham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chloe Adrienna Talana
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle A Wagner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alicia T Widge
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin R Gaudinski
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Penny L Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Rattanapisit K, Bulaon CJI, Khorattanakulchai N, Shanmugaraj B, Wangkanont K, Phoolcharoen W. Plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) variants showed differential binding efficiency with anti-spike specific monoclonal antibodies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253574. [PMID: 34379620 PMCID: PMC8357147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic which is characterized by respiratory illness and severe pneumonia, and currently accounts for > 2.5 million deaths worldwide. Recently, diverse mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were reported in United Kingdom (Alpha) and South Africa (Beta) strains which raise concerns over the potential increase in binding affinity towards the host cell receptor and diminished host neutralization capabilities. In order to study the effect of mutation in the binding efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) with anti-SARS-CoV/CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we have produced SARS-CoV-2 RBD and two variants SARS-CoV-2 RBD (Alpha RBD and Beta RBD) in Nicotiana benthamiana by transient expression. Plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc, Alpha RBD-Fc and Beta RBD-Fc exhibited specific binding to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor determined by ELISA. Intriguingly, the binding of plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 RBD proteins to plant-produced mAbs CR3022, B38, and H4 was found to be different depending on the variant mutation. In contrary to the plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc and Alpha RBD-Fc, Beta RBD-Fc variant showed weak binding affinity towards the mAbs. The result suggested that the Beta RBD variant might have acquired partial resistance to neutralizing antibodies compared to other variants. However, further studies with sera from convalescent or vaccinated individuals are required to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Joy I. Bulaon
- Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narach Khorattanakulchai
- Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kittikhun Wangkanont
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp (GCE 6302823006-1), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Crop Research Unit (GRU 6407023008-1), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Yamaoka Y, Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Funabashi R, Okudela K, Kikuchi S, Katada J, Wada A, Takei T, Nishi M, Shimizu K, Ozawa H, Usuku S, Kawakami C, Tanaka N, Morita T, Hayashi H, Mitsui H, Suzuki K, Aizawa D, Yoshimura Y, Miyazaki T, Yamazaki E, Suzuki T, Kimura H, Shimizu H, Okabe N, Hasegawa H, Ryo A. Highly specific monoclonal antibodies and epitope identification against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein for antigen detection tests. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100311. [PMID: 34027498 PMCID: PMC8126173 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major global public health concern. Although rapid point-of-care testing for detecting viral antigen is important for management of the outbreak, the current antigen tests are less sensitive than nucleic acid testing. In our current study, we produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that exclusively react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and exhibit no cross-reactivity with other human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV. Molecular modeling suggests that the mAbs bind to epitopes present on the exterior surface of the nucleocapsid, making them suitable for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. We further select the optimal pair of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) mAbs using ELISA and then use this mAb pair to develop immunochromatographic assay augmented with silver amplification technology. Our mAbs recognize the variants of concern (501Y.V1-V3) that are currently in circulation. Because of their high performance, the mAbs of this study can serve as good candidates for developing antigen detection kits for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | | | - Rikako Funabashi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Koji Okudela
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kikuchi
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Junichi Katada
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8538, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Wada
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8538, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8538, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimizu
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Shuzo Usuku
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kawakami
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tanaka
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Division of Pathology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0855, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mitsui
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aizawa
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Infectious Disease, Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0855, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Etsuko Yamazaki
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okabe
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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19
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Shiakolas AR, Kramer KJ, Wrapp D, Richardson SI, Schäfer A, Wall S, Wang N, Janowska K, Pilewski KA, Venkat R, Parks R, Manamela NP, Raju N, Fechter EF, Holt CM, Suryadevara N, Chen RE, Martinez DR, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Diamond MS, Haynes BF, Acharya P, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Baric RS, Morris L, McLellan JS, Georgiev IS. Cross-reactive coronavirus antibodies with diverse epitope specificities and Fc effector functions. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100313. [PMID: 34056628 PMCID: PMC8139315 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The continual emergence of novel coronaviruses (CoV), such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-(SARS)-CoV-2, highlights the critical need for broadly reactive therapeutics and vaccines against this family of viruses. From a recovered SARS-CoV donor sample, we identify and characterize a panel of six monoclonal antibodies that cross-react with CoV spike (S) proteins from the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and demonstrate a spectrum of reactivity against other CoVs. Epitope mapping reveals that these antibodies recognize multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 S, including the receptor-binding domain, the N-terminal domain, and the S2 subunit. Functional characterization demonstrates that the antibodies mediate phagocytosis-and in some cases trogocytosis-but not neutralization in vitro. When tested in vivo in murine models, two of the antibodies demonstrate a reduction in hemorrhagic pathology in the lungs. The identification of cross-reactive epitopes recognized by functional antibodies expands the repertoire of targets for pan-coronavirus vaccine design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Shiakolas
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin J. Kramer
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Simone I. Richardson
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Steven Wall
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Division of Structural Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kelsey A. Pilewski
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rohit Venkat
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nelia P. Manamela
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Nagarajan Raju
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Clinton M. Holt
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Rita E. Chen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Rachel S. Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel E. Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Division of Structural Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert H. Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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Scheid JF, Barnes CO, Eraslan B, Hudak A, Keeffe JR, Cosimi LA, Brown EM, Muecksch F, Weisblum Y, Zhang S, Delorey T, Woolley AE, Ghantous F, Park SM, Phillips D, Tusi B, Huey-Tubman KE, Cohen AA, Gnanapragasam PNP, Rzasa K, Hatziioanno T, Durney MA, Gu X, Tada T, Landau NR, West AP, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Seaman MS, Baden LR, Graham DB, Deguine J, Bieniasz PD, Regev A, Hung D, Bjorkman PJ, Xavier RJ. B cell genomics behind cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV. Cell 2021; 184:3205-3221.e24. [PMID: 34015271 PMCID: PMC8064835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a focus in vaccine and therapeutic design to counteract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants. Here, we combined B cell sorting with single-cell VDJ and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and mAb structures to characterize B cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. We show that the SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell repertoire consists of transcriptionally distinct B cell populations with cells producing potently neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) localized in two clusters that resemble memory and activated B cells. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of selected nAbs from these two clusters complexed with SARS-CoV-2 spike trimers show recognition of various receptor-binding domain (RBD) epitopes. One of these mAbs, BG10-19, locks the spike trimer in a closed conformation to potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2, the recently arising mutants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, and SARS-CoV and cross-reacts with heterologous RBDs. Together, our results characterize transcriptional differences among SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells and uncover cross-neutralizing Ab targets that will inform immunogen and therapeutic design against coronaviruses.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/chemistry
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/metabolism
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- COVID-19/pathology
- COVID-19/virology
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Protein Domains/immunology
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
- SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Scheid
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christopher O Barnes
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Basak Eraslan
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew Hudak
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer R Keeffe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lisa A Cosimi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric M Brown
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Frauke Muecksch
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yiska Weisblum
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Toni Delorey
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ann E Woolley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fadi Ghantous
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sung-Moo Park
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Devan Phillips
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Betsabeh Tusi
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn E Huey-Tubman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexander A Cohen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Kara Rzasa
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Theodora Hatziioanno
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael A Durney
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xiebin Gu
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Takuya Tada
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anthony P West
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacques Deguine
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Hung
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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21
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Dufloo J, Grzelak L, Staropoli I, Madec Y, Tondeur L, Anna F, Pelleau S, Wiedemann A, Planchais C, Buchrieser J, Robinot R, Ungeheuer MN, Mouquet H, Charneau P, White M, Lévy Y, Hoen B, Fontanet A, Schwartz O, Bruel T. Asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections elicit polyfunctional antibodies. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100275. [PMID: 33899033 PMCID: PMC8057765 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals remain asymptomatic. Little is known about the extent and quality of their antiviral humoral response. Here, we analyze antibody functions in 52 asymptomatic infected individuals, 119 mildly symptomatic, and 21 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We measure anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM levels with the S-Flow assay and map IgG-targeted epitopes with a Luminex assay. We also evaluate neutralization, complement deposition, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) using replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 or reporter cell systems. We show that COVID-19 sera mediate complement deposition and kill infected cells by ADCC. Sera from asymptomatic individuals neutralize the virus, activate ADCC, and trigger complement deposition. Antibody levels and functions are lower in asymptomatic individuals than they are in symptomatic cases. Antibody functions are correlated, regardless of disease severity. Longitudinal samplings show that antibody functions follow similar kinetics of induction and contraction. Overall, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits polyfunctional antibodies neutralizing the virus and targeting infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufloo
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - François Anna
- Pasteur-TheraVectys joint unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Aurélie Wiedemann
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94028, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Julian Buchrieser
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Rémy Robinot
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer
- Investigation Clinique et Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (ICAReB), Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Pasteur-TheraVectys joint unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94028, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Direction de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94028, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94028, France
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22
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Leach A, Miller A, Bentley E, Mattiuzzo G, Thomas J, McAndrew C, Van Montfort R, Rabbitts T. Implementing a method for engineering multivalency to substantially enhance binding of clinical trial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to wildtype spike and variants of concern proteins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10475. [PMID: 34006961 PMCID: PMC8131632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 disease. Therapeutic antibodies are being developed that interact with the viral spike proteins to limit viral infection of epithelium. We have applied a method to dramatically improve the performance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by enhancing avidity through multimerization using simple engineering to yield tetrameric antibodies. We have re-engineered six anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using the human p53 tetramerization domain, including three clinical trials antibodies casirivimab, imdevimab and etesevimab. The method yields tetrameric antibodies, termed quads, that retain efficient binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, show up to two orders of magnitude enhancement in neutralization of pseudovirus infection and retain potent interaction with virus variant of concern spike proteins. The tetramerization method is simple, general and its application is a powerful methodological development for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that are currently in pre-clinical and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Leach
- Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ami Miller
- Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Dr, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Emma Bentley
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Giada Mattiuzzo
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Jemima Thomas
- Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Craig McAndrew
- Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rob Van Montfort
- Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Terence Rabbitts
- Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
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23
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Vojdani A, Lerner A, Vojdani E. Cross-Reactivity and Sequence Homology Between Alpha-Synuclein and Food Products: A Step Further for Parkinson's Disease Synucleinopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051111. [PMID: 34063062 PMCID: PMC8147930 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease is characterized by non-motor/motor dysfunction midbrain neuronal death and α-synuclein deposits. The accepted hypothesis is that unknown environmental factors induce α-synuclein accumulation in the brain via the enteric nervous system. MATERIAL AND METHODS Monoclonal antibodies made against recombinant α-synuclein protein or α-synuclein epitope 118-123 were applied to the antigens of 180 frequently consumed food products. The specificity of those antibody-antigen reactions was confirmed by serial dilution and inhibition studies. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool sequence matching program was used for sequence homologies. RESULTS While the antibody made against recombinant α-synuclein reacted significantly with 86/180 specific food antigens, the antibody made against α-synuclein epitope 118-123 reacted with only 32/180 tested food antigens. The food proteins with the greatest number of peptides that matched with α-synuclein were yeast, soybean, latex hevein, wheat germ agglutinin, potato, peanut, bean agglutinin, pea lectin, shrimp, bromelain, and lentil lectin. Conclusions: The cross-reactivity and sequence homology between α-synuclein and frequently consumed foods, reinforces the autoimmune aspect of Parkinson's disease. It is hypothesized that luminal food peptides that share cross-reactive epitopes with human α-synuclein and have molecular similarity with brain antigens are involved in the synucleinopathy. The findings deserve further confirmation by extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Laboratory, Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA;
- Cyrex Laboratories, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-25-2591-9484
| | - Elroy Vojdani
- Regenera Medical,11620 Wilshire Blvd., Ste. 470, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA;
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24
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Ghosh S, Banerjee-Ghosh K, Levy D, Riven I, Naaman R, Haran G. Substrates Modulate Charge-Reorganization Allosteric Effects in Protein-Protein Association. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2805-2808. [PMID: 33710900 PMCID: PMC8041378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein function may be modulated by an event occurring far away from the functional site, a phenomenon termed allostery. While classically allostery involves conformational changes, we recently observed that charge redistribution within an antibody can also lead to an allosteric effect, modulating the kinetics of binding to target antigen. In the present work, we study the association of a polyhistidine tagged enzyme (phosphoglycerate kinase, PGK) to surface-immobilized anti-His antibodies, finding a significant Charge-Reorganization Allostery (CRA) effect. We further observe that PGK's negatively charged nucleotide substrates modulate CRA substantially, even though they bind far away from the His-tag-antibody interaction interface. In particular, binding of ATP reduces CRA by more than 50%. The results indicate that CRA is affected by the binding of charged molecules to a protein and provide further insight into the significant role that charge redistribution can play in protein function.
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25
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Li M, Karboune S, Liu L, Light K, L'Hocine L, Achouri A, Pitre M, Mateo C. Combining phenolic grafting and laccase-catalyzed cross-linking: Effects on structures, technofunctional properties and human immunoglobulin E binding capacity of egg white proteins. Food Chem 2021; 355:129587. [PMID: 33857721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of laccase-catalyzed protein cross-linking can be impacted by substrate protein structure and competing reactions. In this study, chemical grafting of ferulic acid (FA) on protein surface was applied to modulate the cross-linking of two inflexible globular proteins, lysozyme (LZM) and ovalbumin (OVA). The extent of FA-grafting was positively correlated with protein cross-linking extent, and determined the molecular weight profile and structures of the cross-linked product. While laccase-catalyzed reactions (with or without free FA mediator) did not lead to evident cross-linking of the native proteins, oligomeric (up to 16.4%), polymeric (up to 30.6%) FA-LZMs and oligomeric FA-OVA (5.1-31.1%) were obtained upon the enzymatic treatments. The cross-linking on the grafted FA sites occurred mainly through the formation of 8-5'-noncyclic-dehydro-diferulic linkages. The effects of investigated cross-linking approach on the emulsifying, foaming properties and the immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding capacity of LZM and OVA were also evaluated in relation to the structural properties of cross-linked proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Li
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kelly Light
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Lamia L'Hocine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Casavant Blvd. West, St. Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Casavant Blvd. West, St. Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Mélanie Pitre
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Casavant Blvd. West, St. Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Cesar Mateo
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry CSIC, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Demers-Mathieu V, DaPra C, Mathijssen G, Sela DA, Järvinen KM, Seppo A, Fels S, Medo E. Human Milk Antibodies Against S1 and S2 Subunits from SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E in Mothers with A Confirmed COVID-19 PCR, Viral SYMPTOMS, and Unexposed Mothers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041749. [PMID: 33572480 PMCID: PMC7916441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2 could be related to cross-reactive antibodies to common human-coronaviruses (HCoVs). This study aimed to evaluate whether human milk antibodies against to S1 and S2 subunits SARS-CoV-2 are cross-reactive to S1 and S2 subunits HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E in mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR test, in mothers with previous viral symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic, and in unexposed mothers; Methods: The levels of secretory IgA (SIgA)/IgA, secretory IgM (SIgM)/IgM, and IgG specific to S1 and S2 SARS-CoV-2, and reactive to S1 + S2 HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E were measured in milk from 7 mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR test, 20 mothers with viral symptoms, and unexposed mothers (6 Ctl1-2018 and 16 Ctl2-2018) using ELISA; Results: The S2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were higher in the COVID-19 PCR (p = 0.014) and viral symptom (p = 0.040) groups than in the Ctl1-2018 group. We detected a higher number of positive correlations between the antigens and secretory antibodies in the COVID-19 PCR group than in the viral symptom and Ctl-2018 groups. S1 + S2 HCoV-OC43-reactive IgG was higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group (p = 0.002) but did not differ for the other antibodies; Conclusions: Mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR and mothers with previous viral symptoms had preexisting human milk antibodies against S2 subunit SARS-CoV-2. Human milk IgG were more specific to S2 subunit SARS-CoV-2 than other antibodies, whereas SIgA and SIgM were polyreactive and cross-reactive to S1 or S2 subunit SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Demers-Mathieu
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA; (C.D.); (G.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.)
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-541-286-8366
| | - Ciera DaPra
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA; (C.D.); (G.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Gabrielle Mathijssen
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA; (C.D.); (G.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.)
| | - David A. Sela
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Kirsi M. Järvinen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology & Center for Food Allergy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (K.M.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Antti Seppo
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology & Center for Food Allergy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (K.M.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Shawn Fels
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA; (C.D.); (G.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Medo
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA; (C.D.); (G.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.)
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27
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Zhou Y, Liu Z, Li S, Xu W, Zhang Q, Silva IT, Li C, Wu Y, Jiang Q, Liu Z, Wang Q, Guo Y, Wu J, Gu C, Cai X, Qu D, Mayer CT, Wang X, Jiang S, Ying T, Yuan Z, Xie Y, Wen Y, Lu L, Wang Q. Enhancement versus neutralization by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a convalescent donor associates with distinct epitopes on the RBD. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108699. [PMID: 33485405 PMCID: PMC7802522 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several potent neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus have been identified. However, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has not been comprehensively studied for SARS-CoV-2, and the relationship between enhancing versus neutralizing activities and antibody epitopes remains unknown. Here, we select a convalescent individual with potent IgG neutralizing activity and characterize his antibody response. Monoclonal antibodies isolated from memory B cells target four groups of five non-overlapping receptor-binding domain (RBD) epitopes. Antibodies to one group of these RBD epitopes mediate ADE of entry in Raji cells via an Fcγ receptor-dependent mechanism. In contrast, antibodies targeting two other distinct epitope groups neutralize SARS-CoV-2 without ADE, while antibodies against the fourth epitope group are poorly neutralizing. One antibody, XG014, potently cross-neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as SARS-CoV-1, with respective IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) values as low as 5.1 and 23.7 ng/mL, while not exhibiting ADE. Therefore, neutralization and ADE of human SARS-CoV-2 antibodies correlate with non-overlapping RBD epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zezhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Israel T Silva
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingling Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiujing Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chengjian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Christian T Mayer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiangxi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yumei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Baranova SV, Dmitrenok PS, Buneva VN, Sedykh SE, Nevinsky GA. HIV-Infected Patients: Cross Site-Specific Hydrolysis of H3 and H4 Histones and Myelin Basic Protein with Antibodies against These Three Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:E316. [PMID: 33435385 PMCID: PMC7826842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones play important roles in chromatin functioning and gene transcription, but in the intercellular space, they are harmful since they stimulate systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Electrophoretically homogeneous IgGs against myelin basic protein (MBP), as well as H3 and H4 histones, were isolated from sera of HIV-infected patients. In contrast to known classical proteases, these IgGs split exclusively only histones and MBP but no other control proteins. Among 13 sites of hydrolysis of H3 by IgGs against H3 and 14 sites for anti-MBP IgGs, only two sites of the hydrolysis were the same. Between seven cleavage sites of H4 with IgGs against H4 and 9 sites of this histone hydrolysis by antibodies against MBP, only three sites were the same. The sites of hydrolysis of H3 (and H4) with abzymes against these histones and against MBP were different, but several expended protein clusters containing hydrolysis sites are partially overlapped. The existence of enzymatic cross-reactivity of abzymes against H3 and H4 and MBP represents a great menace to humans since due to cell apoptosis, histones constantly occur in human blood. They can hydrolyze MBP of the myelin sheath of axons and play a negative role in the pathogenesis of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Baranova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Brunch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.); (S.E.S.)
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29
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de Goede M, Dijkstra M, Chang L, Acharyya N, Kozyreff G, Obregón R, Martínez E, García-Blanco SM. Mode-splitting in a microring resonator for self-referenced biosensing. Opt Express 2021; 29:346-358. [PMID: 33362120 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-referenced biosensing based on mode-splitting on a microring resonator is experimentally demonstrated. A Bragg grating integrated on the surface of the ring provides coupling between the clockwise and counterclockwise travelling modes of the pristine ring resonator lifting their degeneracy. The amount of mode-splitting is directly related to the reflectivity of the grating and it is only affected by structurally modifying the grating. Environmental perturbations to the surroundings of the gratings, such as temperature and bulk refractive index variations, have a minor effect on the amount of mode-splitting. This principle allows the realization of a self-referenced sensing scheme based on the detection of variations of the mode-splitting induced by structural changes to the grating. In this work, a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) Bragg grating is integrated onto a ring resonator in Al2O3. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the amount of splitting of a resonance varies minimally under temperature or bulk refractive index perturbations. However, the structural change of attaching a layer of biomolecules inside the grating does affect its reflectivity and the amount of mode splitting present. This result represents the first proof-of-concept demonstration of an integrated mode-splitting biosensor insensitive to temperature and refractive index variations of the liquid matrix where the molecules to be detected are embedded. The reported results pave the road towards the realization of truly self-referenced biosensors.
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30
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Li H, He J, Bao W, Wang P, Lv Y, Xu C, Hu P, Gao Y, Zheng S, An J, Deng G, Dong J. Key points of technical review for the registration of SARS-CoV-2 antigen/antibody tests. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:77-88. [PMID: 33427483 PMCID: PMC7814677 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally since its first report and become a worldwide pandemic. In response to the outbreak of COVID-19, Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA (CMDE) initiated emergency review and approval procedures to accelerate the process of reviewing emergent medical products and issued the Key Points of Technical Review for the Registration of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen/Antibody Tests (Key Points) to provide the requirements on the technical review of the tests. With uncontrolled spread and evolution of COVID-19 in the world, continuous prevention and measurements are necessary for fighting this pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 antigen/antibody tests are still urgently needed. This article is an attempt to expand clarification of the Key Points to wider audiences based on current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 to facilitate the development and application of SARS-CoV-2 antigen/antibody tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Li
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jingyun He
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wen Bao
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Peirong Wang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Lv
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chao Xu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Peng Hu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shengwei Zheng
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Juanjuan An
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Gang Deng
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jinchun Dong
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Building 1, No. 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
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31
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Lv Y, He J, Liu R, Gao Y, Xu C, Hu P, Zheng S, Fang L, Li R, Han C, An J, Dong J. China NMPA perspective on clinical evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody test reagents in the process of emergency approval. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:69-76. [PMID: 33326307 PMCID: PMC7784785 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing an important supplement to nucleic acid testing. In the process of emergency approval, the Center for Medical Device Evaluation of the China National Medical Products Administration released The Key Points of Technical Review for the Registration of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen/Antibody Detection Reagents. The Clinical Study Requirement section of the Key Point has put forward requirements in terms of reference methods and subject enrolment among others, which can ensure that the test results can meet the clinical needs. This article draws on the experience of the China NMPA in evaluating diagnostic reagents used to supplement the gold standard test method in the early stage of an epidemic of an infectious disease, as well as to serve as reference for clinicians and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Lv
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jingyun He
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Rongzhi Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chao Xu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Peng Hu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shengwei Zheng
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Li Fang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ran Li
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Congyin Han
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Juanjuan An
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jinchun Dong
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Antipova NV, Larionova TD, Siniavin AE, Nikiforova MA, Gushchin VA, Babichenko II, Volkov AV, Shakhparonov MI, Pavlyukov MS. Establishment of Murine Hybridoma Cells Producing Antibodies against Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9167. [PMID: 33271925 PMCID: PMC7731011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020 the world faced the pandemic of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a new type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. To stop the spread of the disease, it is crucial to create molecular tools allowing the investigation, diagnoses and treatment of COVID-19. One of such tools are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study we describe the development of hybridoma cells that can produce mouse mAbs against receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. These mAbs are able to specifically detect native and denatured S proteins in all tested applications, including immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining of cells and immunohistochemical staining of paraffin embedded patients' tissue samples. In addition, we showed that the obtained mAbs can efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection in in vitro experiments. Finally, we determined the amino acid sequence of light and heavy chains of the mAbs. This information will allow the use of corresponding peptides to establish genetically engineered therapeutic antibodies. To date multiple mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been established, however, bigger sets of various antibodies will allow the detection and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2, even if the virus acquires novel mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Antipova
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 17198 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana D. Larionova
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.N.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Maria A. Nikiforova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.N.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.N.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Igor I. Babichenko
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 17198 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Michail I. Shakhparonov
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Marat S. Pavlyukov
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
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33
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Kreye J, Reincke SM, Kornau HC, Sánchez-Sendin E, Corman VM, Liu H, Yuan M, Wu NC, Zhu X, Lee CCD, Trimpert J, Höltje M, Dietert K, Stöffler L, von Wardenburg N, van Hoof S, Homeyer MA, Hoffmann J, Abdelgawad A, Gruber AD, Bertzbach LD, Vladimirova D, Li LY, Barthel PC, Skriner K, Hocke AC, Hippenstiel S, Witzenrath M, Suttorp N, Kurth F, Franke C, Endres M, Schmitz D, Jeworowski LM, Richter A, Schmidt ML, Schwarz T, Müller MA, Drosten C, Wendisch D, Sander LE, Osterrieder N, Wilson IA, Prüss H. A Therapeutic Non-self-reactive SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Protects from Lung Pathology in a COVID-19 Hamster Model. Cell 2020; 183:1058-1069.e19. [PMID: 33058755 PMCID: PMC7510528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 led to pandemic spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), manifesting with respiratory symptoms and multi-organ dysfunction. Detailed characterization of virus-neutralizing antibodies and target epitopes is needed to understand COVID-19 pathophysiology and guide immunization strategies. Among 598 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from 10 COVID-19 patients, we identified 40 strongly neutralizing mAbs. The most potent mAb, CV07-209, neutralized authentic SARS-CoV-2 with an IC50 value of 3.1 ng/mL. Crystal structures of two mAbs in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain at 2.55 and 2.70 Å revealed a direct block of ACE2 attachment. Interestingly, some of the near-germline SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing mAbs reacted with mammalian self-antigens. Prophylactic and therapeutic application of CV07-209 protected hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 infection, weight loss, and lung pathology. Our results show that non-self-reactive virus-neutralizing mAbs elicited during SARS-CoV-2 infection are a promising therapeutic strategy.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/metabolism
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- Binding Sites
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cricetinae
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Pandemics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/chemistry
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Protein Binding
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kreye
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Innovation Lab BaoBab (Brain Antibody-omics and B-cell Lab), 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - S Momsen Reincke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Innovation Lab BaoBab (Brain Antibody-omics and B-cell Lab), 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Kornau
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ), Cluster NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Sánchez-Sendin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Innovation Lab BaoBab (Brain Antibody-omics and B-cell Lab), 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Max Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hejun Liu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chang-Chun D Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Höltje
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Dietert
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Stöffler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels von Wardenburg
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Scott van Hoof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Innovation Lab BaoBab (Brain Antibody-omics and B-cell Lab), 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie A Homeyer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julius Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Azza Abdelgawad
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca D Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daria Vladimirova
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Y Li
- Helmholtz Innovation Lab BaoBab (Brain Antibody-omics and B-cell Lab), 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Charlotte Barthel
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Skriner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiana Franke
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Excellence Cluster NeuroCure Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ), Cluster NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Maria Jeworowski
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Luisa Schmidt
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Alexander Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Wendisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Osterrieder
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Harald Prüss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Innovation Lab BaoBab (Brain Antibody-omics and B-cell Lab), 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Lu M, Zhu H, Hong L, Zhao J, Masson JF, Peng W. Wavelength-Tunable Optical Fiber Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor via a Diblock Copolymer-Templated Nanorod Monolayer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:50929-50940. [PMID: 33136359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Well-dispersed and dense layers of gold nanorods (AuNRs) on optical fibers are shown to regulate the longitudinal peak wavelength and enhance the sensing performances of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors. A simple self-assembly method relying on a brush-like monolayer of poly(styrene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymer was used to immobilize AuNRs with various aspect ratios from 2.33 to 4.60 on optical fibers. Both the experimental and simulation results illustrated that the particle aspect ratio, deposition time (related to the coverage of AuNRs), and interparticle gap significantly affected the optical properties of the fiber-based LSPR biosensors. The highest refractive index (RI) sensitivity of the sensor was 753 nm/RIU, while the limit of detection for human IgG was as low as 0.8 nM. Compared with standard nanoparticle deposition methods of polyelectrolytes or alkoxysilanes, the RI sensitivity of the PS-b-PAA dip-coating method was approximately 3-fold better, a consequence of the higher particle coverage and fewer AuNR aggregates. The presented AuNR-based LSPR sensors could regulate the detection range by tuning the aspect ratios of AuNRs. Applicability is demonstrated via quantitative analysis of antigen-antibody interactions, DNA sensing, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Lu
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Long Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de Chimie, Regroupement Québécois des Matériaux de Pointe, and Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF), Université de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Abstract
We are frequently faced with a large collection of antibodies, and want to select those with highest affinity for their cognate antigen. When developing a first-line therapeutic for a novel pathogen, for instance, we might look for such antibodies in patients that have recovered. There exist effective experimental methods of accomplishing this, such as cell sorting and baiting; however they are time consuming and expensive. Next generation sequencing of B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires offers an additional source of sequences that could be tapped if we had a reliable method of selecting those coding for the best antibodies. In this paper we introduce a method that uses evolutionary information from the family of related sequences that share a naive ancestor to predict the affinity of each resulting antibody for its antigen. When combined with information on the identity of the antigen, this method should provide a source of effective new antibodies. We also introduce a method for a related task: given an antibody of interest and its inferred ancestral lineage, which branches in the tree are likely to harbor key affinity-increasing mutations? We evaluate the performance of these methods on a wide variety of simulated samples, as well as two real data samples. These methods are implemented as part of continuing development of the partis BCR inference package, available at https://github.com/psathyrella/partis. Comments Please post comments or questions on this paper as new issues at https://git.io/Jvxkn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan K. Ralph
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Dong J, Huang B, Wang B, Titong A, Gallolu Kankanamalage S, Jia Z, Wright M, Parthasarathy P, Liu Y. Development of humanized tri-specific nanobodies with potent neutralization for SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17806. [PMID: 33082473 PMCID: PMC7576208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emergent coronavirus, which has adversely impacted human health and has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an unmet need to develop therapies against SARS-CoV-2 due to its severity and lack of treatment options. A promising approach to combat COVID-19 is through the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by therapeutic antibodies. Previously, we described a strategy to rapidly identify and generate llama nanobodies (VHH) from naïve and synthetic humanized VHH phage libraries that specifically bind the S1 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and block the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. In this study we used computer-aided design to construct multi-specific VHH antibodies fused to human IgG1 Fc domains based on the epitope predictions for leading VHHs. The resulting tri-specific VHH-Fc antibodies show more potent S1 binding, S1/ACE2 blocking, and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization than the bi-specific VHH-Fcs or combination of individual monoclonal VHH-Fcs. Furthermore, protein stability analysis of the VHH-Fcs shows favorable developability features, which enable them to be quickly and successfully developed into therapeutics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bo Wang
- Ab Studio Inc., Hayward, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yue Liu
- Ab Studio Inc., Hayward, CA, USA
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., Hayward, CA, USA
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Vermisoglou E, Panáček D, Jayaramulu K, Pykal M, Frébort I, Kolář M, Hajdúch M, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. Human virus detection with graphene-based materials. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112436. [PMID: 32750677 PMCID: PMC7375321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our recent experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of easy-to-use, quick, cheap, sensitive and selective detection of virus pathogens for the efficient monitoring and treatment of virus diseases. Early detection of viruses provides essential information about possible efficient and targeted treatments, prolongs the therapeutic window and hence reduces morbidity. Graphene is a lightweight, chemically stable and conductive material that can be successfully utilized for the detection of various virus strains. The sensitivity and selectivity of graphene can be enhanced by its functionalization or combination with other materials. Introducing suitable functional groups and/or counterparts in the hybrid structure enables tuning of the optical and electrical properties, which is particularly attractive for rapid and easy-to-use virus detection. In this review, we cover all the different types of graphene-based sensors available for virus detection, including, e.g., photoluminescence and colorimetric sensors, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Various strategies of electrochemical detection of viruses based on, e.g., DNA hybridization or antigen-antibody interactions, are also discussed. We summarize the current state-of-the-art applications of graphene-based systems for sensing a variety of viruses, e.g., SARS-CoV-2, influenza, dengue fever, hepatitis C virus, HIV, rotavirus and Zika virus. General principles, mechanisms of action, advantages and drawbacks are presented to provide useful information for the further development and construction of advanced virus biosensors. We highlight that the unique and tunable physicochemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for engineering and miniaturization of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vermisoglou
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Panáček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kolleboyina Jayaramulu
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - Martin Pykal
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Frébort
- Centre of the Region Haná (CRH), Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kolář
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (UMTM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Li Y, Hu Y, Tu Z, Ning Z, He Q, Fu J. Research on the Mechanism of Action of a Citrinin and Anti-Citrinin Antibody Based on Mimotope X27. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100655. [PMID: 33066313 PMCID: PMC7602013 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays are developed based on antigen–antibody interactions. A mimotope is an effective recognition receptor used to study the mechanism of action of antigens and antibodies, and is used for improving the sensitivity of the antibody. In this study, we built a 3D structure of the citrinin (CIT) mimotope X27 and anti-CIT single-chain antibody fragment (ScFv) through a “homologous modeling” strategy. Then, CIT and X27 were respectively docked to anti-CIT ScFv by using the “molecular docking” program. Finally, T28, F29, N30, R31, and Y32 were confirmed as the key binding sites in X27. Furthermore, the result of the phage-ELISA showed that the mutational phage lost the binding activity to the anti-CIT ScFv when the five amino acids were mutated to “alanine”, thereby proving the correctness of the molecular docking model. Lastly, a site-directed saturation strategy was adopted for the sites (T28, F29, N30, R31, and Y32). Eighteen different amino acids were introduced to each site on average. The activities of all mutants were identified by indirect competitive ELISA. The sensitivities of mutants T28F, T28I, F29I, F29V, N30T, and N30V were 1.83-, 1.37-, 1.70-, 2.96-, 1.31-, and 2.01-fold higher than that of the wild-type, respectively. In conclusion, the binding model between the CIT and antibody was elaborated for the first time based on the mimotope method, thereby presenting another strategy for improving the sensitivity of citrinin detection in immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.H.)
| | - Yucheng Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Zhui Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.H.)
| | - Zhenqiang Ning
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Qinghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jinheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.H.)
- Correspondence:
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39
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Hussain A, Hasan A, Nejadi Babadaei MM, Bloukh SH, Chowdhury MEH, Sharifi M, Haghighat S, Falahati M. Targeting SARS-CoV2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain by Therapeutic Antibodies. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110559. [PMID: 32768882 PMCID: PMC7395593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of people infected with the newly identified 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) is continuously increasing every day, development of potential therapeutic platforms is vital. Based on the comparatively high similarity of receptor-binding domain (RBD) in SARS-CoV2 and SARS-CoV, it seems crucial to assay the cross-reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with SARS-CoV2 spike (S)-protein. Indeed, developing mAbs targeting SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD could show novel applications for rapid and sensitive development of potential epitope-specific vaccines (ESV). Herein, we present an overview on the discovery of new CoV followed by some explanation on the SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD site. Furthermore, we surveyed the novel therapeutic mAbs for targeting S-protein RBD such as S230, 80R, F26G18, F26G19, CR3014, CR3022, M396, and S230.15. Afterwards, the mechanism of interaction of RBD and different mAbs were explained and it was suggested that one of the SARS-CoV-specific human mAbs, namely CR3022, could show the highest binding affinity with SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD. Finally, some ongoing challenges and future prospects for rapid and sensitive advancement of therapeutic mAbs targeting S-protein RBD were discussed. In conclusion, it may be proposed that this review may pave the way for recognition of RBD and different mAbs to develop potential therapeutic ESV.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibody Affinity
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Coronavirus/chemistry
- Coronavirus/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Pandemics
- Phylogeny
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Domains
- SARS-CoV-2
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi Babadaei
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samir Haj Bloukh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Perišić O. Recognition of Potential COVID-19 Drug Treatments through the Study of Existing Protein-Drug and Protein-Protein Structures: An Analysis of Kinetically Active Residues. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091346. [PMID: 32967116 PMCID: PMC7565175 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the results of our in silico study of approved drugs as potential treatments for COVID-19. The study is based on the analysis of normal modes of proteins. The drugs studied include chloroquine, ivermectin, remdesivir, sofosbuvir, boceprevir, and α-difluoromethylornithine (DMFO). We applied the tools we developed and standard tools used in the structural biology community. Our results indicate that small molecules selectively bind to stable, kinetically active residues and residues adjoining them on the surface of proteins and inside protein pockets, and that some prefer hydrophobic sites over other active sites. Our approach is not restricted to viruses and can facilitate rational drug design, as well as improve our understanding of molecular interactions, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognjen Perišić
- Big Blue Genomics, Vojvode Brane 32, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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41
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Ströh LJ, Krey T. HCV Glycoprotein Structure and Implications for B-Cell Vaccine Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186781. [PMID: 32947858 PMCID: PMC7555785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the approval of highly efficient direct-acting antivirals in the last decade Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a global health burden and the development of a vaccine would constitute an important step towards the control of HCV. The high genetic variability of the viral glycoproteins E1 and E2, which carry the main neutralizing determinants, together with their intrinsic structural flexibility, the high level of glycosylation that shields conserved neutralization epitopes and immune evasion using decoy epitopes renders the design of an efficient vaccine challenging. Recent structural and functional analyses have highlighted the role of the CD81 receptor binding site on E2, which overlaps with those neutralization epitopes within E2 that have been structurally characterized to date. This CD81 binding site consists of three distinct segments including “epitope I”, “epitope II” and the “CD81 binding loop”. In this review we summarize the structural features of the HCV glycoproteins that have been derived from X-ray structures of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody fragments complexed with either recombinant E2 or epitope-derived linear peptides. We focus on the current understanding how neutralizing antibodies interact with their cognate antigen, the structural features of the respective neutralization epitopes targeted by nAbs and discuss the implications for informed vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa J. Ströh
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)451–3101-3101
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42
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Jeong GU, Ahn BY, Jung J, Kim H, Kim TH, Kim W, Lee A, Lee K, Kim JH. A recombinant human immunoglobulin with coherent avidity to hepatitis B virus surface antigens of various viral genotypes and clinical mutants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236704. [PMID: 32790777 PMCID: PMC7425877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope is composed of a lipid bilayer and three glycoproteins, referred to as the large (L), middle (M), and small (S) hepatitis B virus surface antigens (HBsAg). S protein constitutes the major portion of the viral envelope and an even greater proportion of subviral particles (SVP) that circulate in the blood. Recombinant S proteins are currently used as a preventive vaccine, while plasma fractions isolated from vaccinated people, referred to as hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), are used for short-term prophylaxis. Here, we characterized a recombinant human IgG1 type anti-S antibody named Lenvervimab regarding its binding property to a variety of cloned S antigens. Immunochemical data showed an overall consistent avidity of the antibody to S antigens of most viral genotypes distributed worldwide. Further, antibody binding was not affected by the mutations in the antigenic ‘a’ determinant found in many clinical variants, including the immune escape mutant G145R. In addition, mutations in the S gene sequence that confer drug resistance to the viral polymerase did not interfere with the antibody binding. These results support for a preventive use of the antibody against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Uk Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Yoon Ahn
- Department of Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (BYA); (JHK)
| | - Jaesung Jung
- Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Youngin, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Youngin, Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Youngin, Korea
| | - Woohyun Kim
- Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Youngin, Korea
| | - Ara Lee
- Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Youngin, Korea
| | - Kyuhyun Lee
- Development Division PL Unit, GC Pharma Corp., Youngin, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Youngin, Korea
- * E-mail: (BYA); (JHK)
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Gerhart J, Bowers J, Gugerty L, Gerhart C, Martin M, Abdalla F, Bravo-Nuevo A, Sullivan JT, Rimkunas R, Albertus A, Casta L, Getts L, Getts R, George-Weinstein M. Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 is expressed in the Myo/Nog cell lineage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234792. [PMID: 32614850 PMCID: PMC7332021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myo/Nog cell lineage was discovered in the chick embryo and is also present in adult mammalian tissues. The cells are named for their expression of mRNA for the skeletal muscle specific transcription factor MyoD and bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Noggin. A third marker for Myo/Nog cells is the cell surface molecule recognized by the G8 monoclonal antibody (mAb). G8 has been used to detect, track, isolate and kill Myo/Nog cells. In this study, we screened a membrane proteome array for the target of the G8 mAb. The array consisted of >5,000 molecules, each synthesized in their native confirmation with appropriate post-translational modifications in a single clone of HEK-293T cells. G8 mAb binding to the clone expressing brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) was detected by flow cytometry, re-verified by sequencing and validated by transfection with the plasmid construct for BAI1. Further validation of the G8 target was provided by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The G8 epitope was identified by screening a high-throughput, site directed mutagenesis library designed to cover 95–100% of the 954 amino acids of the extracellular domain of the BAI1 protein. The G8 mAb binds within the third thrombospondin repeat of the extracellular domain of human BAI1. Immunofluorescence localization experiments revealed that G8 and a commercially available BAI1 mAb co-localize to the subpopulation of Myo/Nog cells in the skin, eyes and brain. Expression of the multi-functional BAI1 protein in Myo/Nog cells introduces new possibilities for the roles of Myo/Nog cells in normal and diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Gerhart
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Lindsay Gugerty
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Colby Gerhart
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Mark Martin
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Fathma Abdalla
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Arturo Bravo-Nuevo
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Amie Albertus
- Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lou Casta
- Genisphere, LLC, Hatfield, PA, United States of America
| | - Lori Getts
- Genisphere, LLC, Hatfield, PA, United States of America
| | - Robert Getts
- Genisphere, LLC, Hatfield, PA, United States of America
| | - Mindy George-Weinstein
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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González-Feliciano JA, Akamine P, Capó-Vélez CM, Delgado-Vélez M, Dussupt V, Krebs SJ, Wojna V, Polonis VR, Baerga-Ortiz A, Lasalde-Dominicci JA. A recombinant gp145 Env glycoprotein from HIV-1 expressed in two different cell lines: Effects on glycosylation and antigenicity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231679. [PMID: 32559193 PMCID: PMC7304579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope glycoprotein (Env) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has been the primary target for the development of a protective vaccine against infection. The extensive N-linked glycosylation on Env is an important consideration as it may affect efficacy, stability, and expression yields. The expression host has been shown to influence the extent and type of glycosylation that decorates the protein target. Here, we report the glycosylation profile of the candidate subtype C immunogen CO6980v0c22 gp145, which is currently in Phase I clinical trials, produced in two different host cells: CHO-K1 and Expi293F. The amino acid sequence for both glycoproteins was confirmed to be identical by peptide mass fingerprinting. However, the isoelectric point of the proteins differed; 4.5–5.5 and 6.0–7.0 for gp145 produced in CHO-K1 and Expi293F, respectively. These differences in pI were eliminated by enzymatic treatment with sialidase, indicating a large difference in the incorporation of sialic acid between hosts. This dramatic difference in the number of sialylated glycans between hosts was confirmed by analysis of PNGase F-released glycans using MALDI-ToF MS. These differences in glycosylation, however, did not greatly translate into differences in antibody recognition. Biosensor assays showed that gp145 produced in CHO-K1 had similar affinity toward the broadly neutralizing antibodies, 2G12 and PG16, as the gp145 produced in Expi293F. Additionally, both immunogens showed the same reactivity against plasma of HIV-infected patients. Taken together, these results support the notion that there are sizeable differences in the glycosylation of Env depending on the expression host. How these differences translate to vaccine efficacy remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pearl Akamine
- Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Coral M. Capó-Vélez
- Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Manuel Delgado-Vélez
- Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Valerie Wojna
- Division of Neurology, Internal Medicine Department and NeuroHIV Research Program, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Abel Baerga-Ortiz
- Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- * E-mail: (ABO); (JALD)
| | - José A. Lasalde-Dominicci
- Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- * E-mail: (ABO); (JALD)
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Geldert A, Huang H, Herr AE. Probe-target hybridization depends on spatial uniformity of initial concentration condition across large-format chips. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8768. [PMID: 32472029 PMCID: PMC7260366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse assays spanning from immunohistochemistry (IHC), to microarrays (protein, DNA), to high-throughput screens rely on probe-target hybridization to detect analytes. These large-format 'chips' array numerous hybridization sites across centimeter-scale areas. However, the reactions are prone to intra-assay spatial variation in hybridization efficiency. The mechanism of spatial bias in hybridization efficiency is poorly understood, particularly in IHC and in-gel immunoassays, where immobilized targets are heterogeneously distributed throughout a tissue or hydrogel network. In these systems, antibody probe hybridization to a target protein antigen depends on the interplay of dilution, thermodynamic partitioning, diffusion, and reaction. Here, we investigate parameters governing antibody probe transport and reaction (i.e., immunoprobing) in a large-format hydrogel immunoassay. Using transport and bimolecular binding theory, we identify a regime in which immunoprobing efficiency (η) is sensitive to the local concentration of applied antibody probe solution, despite the antibody probe being in excess compared to antigen. Sandwiching antibody probe solution against the hydrogel surface yields spatially nonuniform dilution. Using photopatterned fluorescent protein targets and a single-cell immunoassay, we identify regimes in which nonuniformly distributed antibody probe solution causes intra-assay variation in background and η. Understanding the physicochemical factors affecting probe-target hybridization reduces technical variation in large-format chips, improving measurement precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Geldert
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, United States
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Amy E Herr
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, United States.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.
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Latuszek A, Liu Y, Olsen O, Foster R, Cao M, Lovric I, Yuan M, Liu N, Chen H, Zhang Q, Xiao H, Springer C, Ehrlich G, Kamat V, Rafique A, Hu Y, Krueger P, Huang T, Poueymirou W, Babb R, Rosconi MP, Retter MW, Chen G, Morton L, Zambrowicz B, Cao J, Romano C, Olson WC. Inhibition of complement pathway activation with Pozelimab, a fully human antibody to complement component C5. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231892. [PMID: 32384086 PMCID: PMC7209288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is a key component of the innate immune system. Inappropriate complement activation underlies the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. Complement component 5 (C5) is a validated therapeutic target for complement-mediated diseases, but the development of new therapeutics has been limited by a paucity of preclinical models to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of candidate therapies. The present report describes a novel humanized C5 mouse and its utility in evaluating a panel of fully human anti-C5 antibodies. Surprisingly, humanized C5 mice revealed marked differences in clearance rates amongst a panel of anti-C5 antibodies. One antibody, pozelimab (REGN3918), bound C5 and C5 variants with high affinity and potently blocked complement-mediated hemolysis in vitro. In studies conducted in both humanized C5 mice and cynomolgus monkeys, pozelimab demonstrated prolonged PK and durable suppression of hemolytic activity ex vivo. In humanized C5 mice, a switch in dosing from in-house eculizumab to pozelimab was associated with normalization of serum C5 concentrations, sustained suppression of hemolytic activity ex vivo, and no overt toxicity. Our findings demonstrate the value of humanized C5 mice in identifying new therapeutic candidates and treatment options for complement-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Latuszek
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yashu Liu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Olav Olsen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Randi Foster
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Marc Cao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Irena Lovric
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ming Yuan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nina Liu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Henry Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Qian Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hui Xiao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Carola Springer
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - George Ehrlich
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Vishal Kamat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ying Hu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Pamela Krueger
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Robert Babb
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Marc W. Retter
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gang Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lori Morton
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Brian Zambrowicz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jingtai Cao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Carmelo Romano
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
| | - William C. Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY, United States of America
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47
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Lee H, Jang Y, Kim NH, Kim L, Kim M, Suh YD. Discrimination between target and non-target interactions on the viral surface by merging fluorescence emission into Rayleigh scattering. Nanoscale 2020; 12:7563-7571. [PMID: 32166304 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07415e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct and quantitative determination of antibodies or cellular receptors dynamically binding to the surface of viral particles is the key issue for predicting the efficacy of therapeutic materials or host susceptibility to a new emerging pathogen. However, targeted visualization of infectious viruses is still highly challenging owing to their nanoscopic sizes and uncontrollable nonspecific interactions with loading molecules responsible for false signals. Here we present a multimodal single-molecule and single-particle (SMSP) visualization capable of simultaneously yet independently tracking Rayleigh scattering and fluorescence that, respectively, are generated from viruses (approximately 100 nm) and labeled interacting molecules. By analyzing real-time trajectories of fluorescent antibodies against a virus surface protein with reference to single virus-derived Rayleigh scattering, we determined heterogeneous binding stoichiometry of virus-antibody couplings irrespective of the nonspecific binder population. Therefore, our multimodal (or multi-level) SMSP assay visually identifies and selectively quantifies specific interactions between them with single binding event accuracy. As a 'specific-binding quantifier' to assess variable host susceptibility to a virus, it was further applied for distinguishing ratiometric bindings and spontaneous dissociation kinetics of synthesized isomeric receptors to influenza virus. The present framework could offer a solid analytical foundation for the development of a direct-acting antiviral agent inhibiting an integral viral enveloped protein and for nanobiological investigation for dissecting spatiotemporal nanoparticle-molecule interactions, which have been scarcely explored compared to those among plasmonic nanoparticles or among molecules only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haemi Lee
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Bio Platform Technology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea.
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48
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Kyrklund M, Bildo M, Akhi R, Nissinen AE, Pussinen P, Hörkkö S, Wang C. Humoral immune response to heat shock protein 60 of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and cross-reactivity with malondialdehyde acetaldehyde-modified LDL. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230682. [PMID: 32210456 PMCID: PMC7094845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and major cause of mortality worldwide. One of the crucial steps for atherosclerotic plaque development is oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Through the oxidation, highly immunogenic epitopes are created and the immune system is activated. Association between atherosclerosis and periodontal diseases is well documented, and one of the main oral pathogens common in periodontitis is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is an important virulence factor for Aa bacteria and a strong activator of the immune system. Cross-reactivity of HSP60 and oxidized LDL (OxLDL) antibodies could be a potential mechanism in the progression of atherosclerosis and one possible link between atherosclerosis and periodontitis. Human plasma samples from neonates and mothers were analyzed to determine if antibody titer to Aa-HSP60 protein is already present in newborns. Further objectives were to characterize antibody response in Aa-HSP60 immunized mice and to determine possible antibody cross-reaction with oxidized LDL. We demonstrated that newborns already have IgM antibody levels to Aa-HSP60. We also showed that in mice, Aa-HSP60 immunization provoked IgG and IgM antibody response not only to Aa-HSP60 but also to malondialdehyde acetaldehyde-modified LDL (MAA-LDL). Competition assay revealed that the antibodies were specific to Aa-HSP60 and cross-reacted with MAA-LDL. Our results suggest a possibility of molecular mimicry between Aa-HSP60 and MAA-LDL, making it intriguing to speculate on the role of HSP60 protein in atherosclerosis that manifests at young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Kyrklund
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Bildo
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ramin Akhi
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti E. Nissinen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Lu CH, Shih TS, Shih PC, Pendharkar GP, Liu CE, Chen CK, Hsu L, Chang HY, Yang CL, Liu CH. Finger-powered agglutination lab chip with CMOS image sensing for rapid point-of-care diagnosis applications. Lab Chip 2020; 20:424-433. [PMID: 31872843 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00961b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agglutination is an antigen-antibody reaction with visible expression of aggregation of the antigens and their corresponding antibodies. Applications extend to the identification of acute bacterial infection, hemagglutination, such as blood grouping, and diagnostic immunology. Our finger-powered agglutination lab chip with external CMOS image sensing was developed to support a platform for inexpensive, rapid point-of-care (POC) testing applications related to agglutination effects. In this paper, blood grouping (ABO and Rh grouping) was utilized to demonstrate the function of our finger-powered agglutination lab chip with CMOS image sensing. Blood antibodies were preloaded into the antibody reaction chamber in the lab chip. The blood sample was pushed through the antibody reaction chamber using finger-powered pressure actuation to initiate a hemagglutination reaction to identify the blood type at the on-chip detection area using our homemade CMOS image sensing mini-system. Finger-powered actuation without the need for external electrical pumping is excellent for low-cost POC applications, but the pumping liquid volume per finger push is hard to control. In our finger-powered agglutination lab chip with CMOS image sensing, we minimized the effects of different finger push depths and achieved robust performance for the test results with different push depths. The driving sample volume per finger push is about 0.79 mm3. For different chips and different pushes, the driven sample volume per finger push was observed to vary in the range of 0.64 to 1.18 mm3. The red blood cells were separated from the plasma on-chip after the whole blood sample was finger pumped and before the red blood cells reached the antibody chamber via an embedded plasma-separation membrane. Our homemade CMOS image mini-system robustly read and identified the agglutination results on our agglutination lab chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hsiang Lu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ting-Sheng Shih
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Po-Chen Shih
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Gaurav Prashant Pendharkar
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-En Liu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Long Hsu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, Republic of China
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Ling Yang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Hsien Liu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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50
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Hassan KMA, Hansen JD, Herrin BR, Amemiya CT. Generation of Lamprey Monoclonal Antibodies (Lampribodies) Using the Phage Display System. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E868. [PMID: 31842457 PMCID: PMC6995607 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) consist of leucine rich repeats (LRRs) and comprise the humoral antibodies produced by lampreys and hagfishes. The diversity of the molecules is generated by stepwise genomic rearrangements of LRR cassettes dispersed throughout the VLRB locus. Previously, target-specific monovalent VLRB antibodies were isolated from sea lamprey larvae after immunization with model antigens. Further, the cloned VLR cDNAs from activated lamprey leukocytes were transfected into human cell lines or yeast to select best binders. Here, we expand on the overall utility of the VLRB technology by introducing it into a filamentous phage display system. We first tested the efficacy of isolating phage into which known VLRB molecules were cloned after a series of dilutions. These experiments showed that targeted VLRB clones could easily be recovered even after extensive dilutions (1 to 109). We further utilized the system to isolate target-specific "lampribodies" from phage display libraries from immunized animals and observed an amplification of binders with relative high affinities by competitive binding. The lampribodies can be individually purified and ostensibly utilized for applications for which conventional monoclonal antibodies are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan M. A. Hassan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - John D. Hansen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;
| | - Brantley R. Herrin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Chris T. Amemiya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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