1
|
Strunz B, Maucourant C, Mehta A, Wan H, Du L, Sun D, Chen P, Nordlander A, Gao Y, Cornillet M, Bister J, Kvedaraite E, Christ W, Klingström J, Geanon D, Parke Å, Ekwall-Larson A, Rivino L, MacAry PA, Aleman S, Buggert M, Ljunggren HG, Pan-Hammarström Q, Lund-Johansen F, Strålin K, Björkström NK. Type I Interferon Autoantibodies Correlate With Cellular Immune Alterations in Severe COVID-19. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae036. [PMID: 38421006 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to severe disease with increased morbidity and mortality among certain risk groups. The presence of autoantibodies against type I interferons (aIFN-Abs) is one mechanism that contributes to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS This study aimed to investigate the presence of aIFN-Abs in relation to the soluble proteome, circulating immune cell numbers, and cellular phenotypes, as well as development of adaptive immunity. RESULTS aIFN-Abs were more prevalent in critical compared to severe COVID-19 but largely absent in the other viral and bacterial infections studied here. The antibody and T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 remained largely unaffected by the presence aIFN-Abs. Similarly, the inflammatory response in COVID-19 was comparable in individuals with and without aIFN-Abs. Instead, presence of aIFN-Abs had an impact on cellular immune system composition and skewing of cellular immune pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that aIFN-Abs do not significantly influence development of adaptive immunity but covary with alterations in immune cell numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Maucourant
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adi Mehta
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hui Wan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Likun Du
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Sun
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Puran Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordlander
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Gao
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonna Bister
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Egle Kvedaraite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wanda Christ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Geanon
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Parke
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ekwall-Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Rivino
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kared H, Jyssum I, Alirezaylavasani A, Egner IM, The Tran T, Tietze L, Lund KP, Tveter AT, Provan SA, Ørbo H, Haavardsholm EA, Vaage JT, Jørgensen K, Syversen SW, Lund-Johansen F, Goll GL, Munthe LA. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 immunity after vaccination and breakthrough infection in rituximab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients: a prospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1296273. [PMID: 38455062 PMCID: PMC10917913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1296273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with B cell-depleting drugs induced limited seroconversion but robust cellular response. We aimed to document specific T and B cell immunity in response to vaccine booster doses and breakthrough infection (BTI). Methods We included 76 RA patients treated with rituximab who received up to four SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses or three doses plus BTI, in addition to vaccinated healthy donors (HD) and control patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). We quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) Spike IgG, anti-nucleocapsid (NC) IgG, 92 circulating inflammatory proteins, Spike-binding B cells, and Spike-specific T cells along with comprehensive high-dimensional phenotyping and functional assays. Findings The time since the last rituximab infusion, persistent inflammation, and age were associated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG seroconversion. The vaccine-elicited serological response was accompanied by an incomplete induction of peripheral Spike-specific memory B cells but occurred independently of T cell responses. Vaccine- and BTI-elicited cellular immunity was similar between RA and HD ex vivo in terms of frequency or phenotype of Spike-specific cytotoxic T cells and in vitro in terms of the functionality and differentiation profile of Spike-specific T cells. Interpretation SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in RA can induce persistent effector T-cell responses that are reactivated by BTI. Paused rituximab medication allowed serological responses after a booster dose (D4), especially in RA with lower inflammation, enabling efficient humoral and cellular immunity after BTI, and contributed overall to the development of potential durable immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Jyssum
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid M. Egner
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Tietze
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Persgård Lund
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Therese Tveter
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A. Provan
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Ørbo
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen A. Haavardsholm
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Jørgensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Silje Watterdal Syversen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A. Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gainullin M, Federico L, Røkke Osen J, Chaban V, Kared H, Alirezaylavasani A, Lund-Johansen F, Wildendahl G, Jacobsen JA, Sarwar Anjum H, Stratford R, Tennøe S, Malone B, Clancy T, Vaage JT, Henriksen K, Wüsthoff L, Munthe LA. People who use drugs show no increase in pre-existing T-cell cross-reactivity toward SARS-CoV-2 but develop a normal polyfunctional T-cell response after standard mRNA vaccination. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1235210. [PMID: 38299149 PMCID: PMC10827924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
People who use drugs (PWUD) are at a high risk of contracting and developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases due to their lifestyle, comorbidities, and the detrimental effects of opioids on cellular immunity. However, there is limited research on vaccine responses in PWUD, particularly regarding the role that T cells play in the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we show that before vaccination, PWUD did not exhibit an increased frequency of preexisting cross-reactive T cells to SARS-CoV-2 and that, despite the inhibitory effects that opioids have on T-cell immunity, standard vaccination can elicit robust polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses that were similar to those found in controls. Our findings indicate that vaccination stimulates an effective immune response in PWUD and highlight targeted vaccination as an essential public health instrument for the control of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in this group of high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Gainullin
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NEC OncoImmunity AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorenzo Federico
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julie Røkke Osen
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktoriia Chaban
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John T. Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathleen Henriksen
- Agency for Social and Welfare Services, Oslo, Norway
- Student Health Services, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Wüsthoff
- Unit for Clinical Research on Addictions, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Reasearch, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A. Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lund-Johansen F. A strong case for third-party testing. eLife 2023; 12:e93329. [PMID: 37962204 PMCID: PMC10645416 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A strategy to identify high-quality commercially available antibodies for research reveals extensive use of non-specific antibodies and offers solutions for future large-scale testing.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kared H, Alirezaylavasani A, Lund KP, Chopra A, Tietze L, de Matos Kasahara T, Goll GL, Grødeland G, Kaarbø M, Reisæter AV, Hovd M, Heldal K, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Midtvedt K, Åsberg A, Munthe LA. Hybrid and SARS-CoV-2-vaccine immunity in kidney transplant recipients. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104833. [PMID: 37844534 PMCID: PMC10585642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are at high risk for severe COVID-19 and have demonstrated poor response to vaccination, making it unclear whether successive vaccinations offer immunity and protection. METHODS We conducted a serologically guided interventional study where KTR patients that failed to seroconvert were revaccinated and also monitored seroconversion of KTR following the Norwegian vaccination program. We analysed IgG anti-RBD Spike responses from dose 2 (n = 432) up to after the 6th (n = 37) mRNA vaccine dose. The frequency and phenotype of Spike-specific T and B cell responses were assessed in the interventional cohort after 3-4 vaccine doses (n = 30). Additionally, we evaluated the Specific T and B cell response to breakthrough infection (n = 32), measured inflammatory cytokines and broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies, and defined the incidence of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths. The Norwegian KTR cohort has a male dominance (2323 males, 1297 females), PBMC were collected from 114 male and 78 female donors. FINDINGS After vaccine dose 3, most KTR developed Spike-specific T cell responses but had significantly reduced Spike-binding B cells and few memory cells. The B cell response included a cross-reactive subset that could bind Omicron VOC, which expanded after breakthrough infection (BTI) and gave rise to a memory IgG+ B cell response. After BTI, KTR had increased Spike-specific T cells, emergent non-Spike T and B cell responses, and a systemic inflammatory signature. Late seroconversion occurred after doses 5-6, but 38% (14/37) of KTR had no detectable immunity even after multiple vaccine doses. INTERPRETATION Boosting vaccination can induce Spike-specific immunity that may expand in breakthrough infections highlighting the benefit of vaccination to protect this vulnerable population. FUNDING CEPI and internal funds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Persgård Lund
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Tietze
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Varberg Reisæter
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Hovd
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Heldal
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Midtvedt
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Åsberg A, Hovd M, Kjellevold SA, Stenehjem AE, Wien TN, Broch LU, Reier-Nielsen M, Qvale TH, Marti HP, Heldal K, Bitter J, Hagelsteen Kvien E, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Midtvedt K. Humoral Response After 6 or More Successive Doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Kidney Transplant Recipients-Should We Keep Vaccinating? Transplantation 2023; 107:e279-e280. [PMID: 37496122 PMCID: PMC10519284 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Hovd
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aud-E. Stenehjem
- Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tale Norbye Wien
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway
| | | | | | - Tor Hatlestad Qvale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Helse Fonna, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristian Heldal
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Bitter
- Department for Internal Medicine, Sørlandet Sykehus Kristiansand Hospital Trust, Kristiandsand, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Karsten Midtvedt
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Foldvari Z, Knetter C, Yang W, Gjerdingen TJ, Bollineni RC, Tran TT, Lund-Johansen F, Kolstad A, Drousch K, Klopfleisch R, Leisegang M, Olweus J. A systematic safety pipeline for selection of T-cell receptors to enter clinical use. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:126. [PMID: 37607971 PMCID: PMC10444760 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy using T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) represents a promising treatment option. However, technologies for pre-clinical safety assessment are incomplete or inaccessible to most laboratories. Here, TCR-T off-target reactivity was assessed in five steps: (1) Mapping target amino acids necessary for TCR-T recognition, followed by (2) a computational search for, and (3) reactivity screening against, candidate cross-reactive peptides in the human proteome. Natural processing and presentation of recognized peptides was evaluated using (4) short mRNAs, and (5) full-length proteins. TCR-Ts were screened for recognition of unintended HLA alleles, and as proxy for off-target reactivity in vivo, a syngeneic, HLA-A*02:01-transgenic mouse model was used. Validation demonstrated importance of studying recognition of full-length candidate off-targets, and that the clinically applied 1G4 TCR has a hitherto unknown reactivity to unintended HLA alleles, relevant for patient selection. This widely applicable strategy should facilitate evaluation of candidate therapeutic TCRs and inform clinical decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Foldvari
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Knetter
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiwen Yang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Johanne Gjerdingen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ravi Chand Bollineni
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung The Tran
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Kolstad
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimberley Drousch
- Institute of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Leisegang
- Institute of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nissen-Meyer LSH, Macpherson ME, Skeie LG, Hvalryg M, Llohn AH, Steinsvåg TT, Fenstad MH, Tveita A, Kristoffersen EK, Sundic T, Lund-Johansen F, Vaage JT, Flesland Ø, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Holter JC, Hervig TA, Fevang B. COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2023; 143:22-0577. [PMID: 37589359 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Norway, treatment with COVID-19 convalescent plasma has been given through the NORPLASMA project. The treatment was initially offered to critically ill patients after an individual assessment, but from December 2020, the indication was limited to critically ill, immunocompromised patients. In this article we describe clinical characteristics, comorbidity and mortality in patients who received convalescent plasma in these two periods. MATERIAL AND METHOD From 22 April 2020 to 30 March 2022, a total of 79 patients were included in the observational studies NORPLASMA MONITOR and the Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 study. The patients had received a total of 193 units of convalescent plasma at 15 Norwegian hospitals/nursing homes; 62 in South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, 8 in Western Norway Regional Health Authority and 9 in Central Norway Regional Health Authority. Information on immune status, comorbidity and course of infection was retrieved from the patient records after informed written consent was obtained. RESULTS Of 79 patients with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range 51-73) who were treated with convalescent plasma, 31 (39 %) died during hospitalisation. A total of 59 patients were immunocompromised, and of these, 20 died in hospital compared to 11 of 20 who were assumed to be immunocompetent. Median number of comorbidities was 2 (interquartile range 1-4). The patients received a median of two plasma units (min.-max. 1-21). Two of the patients developed mild allergic skin reactions. INTERPRETATION Convalescent plasma was well tolerated by patients with COVID-19. Immunocompromised patients may have benefitted from the treatment, with lower mortality than for those assumed to be immunocompetent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marte Hvalryg
- Immunologisk og transfusjonsmedisinsk avdeling, Akershus universitetssykehus
| | - Abid Hussain Llohn
- Immunologisk og transfusjonsmedisinsk avdeling, Akershus universitetssykehus
| | | | | | - Anders Tveita
- Medisinsk avdeling, Bærum sykehus, og, K.G. Jebsen-senter for B-cellekreft, Oslo universitetssykehus
| | - Einar K Kristoffersen
- Avdeling for immunologi og transfusjonsmedisin, Laboratorieklinikken, Haukeland universitetssjukehus, og, Klinisk institutt 2, Universitetet i Bergen
| | | | | | - John Torgils Vaage
- Avdeling for immunologi og transfusjonsmedisin, Oslo universitetssykehus
| | - Øystein Flesland
- Avdeling kvalitetsforbedring og pasientsikkerhet, Helsedirektoratet
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Infeksjonsmedisinsk avdeling, Oslo universitetssykehus, og, Institutt for klinisk medisin, Universitetet i Oslo
| | | | - Tor Audun Hervig
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, og, Trinity College, Dublin
| | - Børre Fevang
- Seksjon for klinisk immunologi og infeksjonssykdommer, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nissen-Meyer LSH, Steinsvåg TT, Fenstad MH, Sørvoll IH, Hvalryg M, Titze TL, Magnussen K, Kristoffersen G, Johnsen KMN, Llohn AH, Hermundstad B, Høiback LS, Haugen M, Kristoffersen EK, Boulland LML, Kran AMB, Lund-Johansen F, Vaage JT, Flesland Ø, Hervig TA. Convalescent plasma from Norwegian blood donors to treat COVID-19. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2023; 143:22-0180. [PMID: 37589362 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the start of the pandemic, the Norwegian Directorate of Health and Norwegian blood banks initiated the production of COVID-19 convalescent plasma within the framework of clinical studies. In this article we describe the blood donors who participated. MATERIAL AND METHOD Blood donors who had recovered from COVID-19 were recruited to donate single donor plasma for the purpose of patient treatment. Data on the course of infection, leukocyte antibodies and antibody level against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) per plasma unit were registered after informed consent was obtained. We calculated a disease score defined as the total number of self-reported symptoms/findings and hospitalisation where relevant (score 0-11). RESULTS A total of 1644 plasma units were collected from 266 plasma donors at 12 blood banks. Median disease score was 5 (interquartile range 3-6), and 15 donors had recovered from pneumonia and/or been hospitalised. A total of 599/1644 plasma units from 106/266 donors met our requirement for SARS-CoV-2 antibody content (> 60 % inhibition of virus binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)) or positive virus neutralisation test. The antibody level in donors waned over time following infection, and showed no clear correlation with disease score. INTERPRETATION The number of symptoms and findings in blood donors could not predict antibody response at individual level, and antibody testing was crucial for the production of effective convalescent plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ingvild Hausberg Sørvoll
- Nasjonal behandlingstjeneste for avansert trombocyttimmunologi, Laboratoriemedisin, Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge
| | - Marte Hvalryg
- Immunologisk og transfusjonsmedisinsk avdeling, Akershus universitetssykehus
| | | | - Karin Magnussen
- Avdeling for blodbank og medisinsk biokjemi, Sykehuset Innlandet
| | | | | | - Abid Hussain Llohn
- Immunologisk og transfusjonsmedisinsk avdeling, Akershus universitetssykehus
| | - Brita Hermundstad
- Seksjon for komponentfremstilling, Immunologisk og transfusjonsmedisinsk avdeling, Akershus universitetssykehus
| | | | - Morten Haugen
- Avdeling for blodbank og medisinsk biokjemi, Sykehuset Innlandet
| | - Einar K Kristoffersen
- Avdeling for immunologi og transfusjonsmedisin, Laboratorieklinikken, Haukeland universitetssjukehus, og, Klinisk institutt 2, Universitetet i Bergen
| | - Line M L Boulland
- Seksjon for transplantasjonsimmunologi, Avdeling for immunologi og transfusjonsmedisin, Oslo universitetssykehus
| | | | | | - John Torgils Vaage
- Avdeling for immunologi og transfusjonsmedisin, Oslo universitetssykehus
| | - Øystein Flesland
- Avdeling for kvalitetsforbedring og pasientsikkerhet, Helsedirektoratet
| | - Tor Audun Hervig
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, og, Trinity College, Dublin
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Federico L, Tvedt THA, Gainullin M, Osen JR, Chaban V, Lund KP, Tietze L, Tran TT, Lund-Johansen F, Kared H, Lind A, Vaage JT, Stratford R, Tennøe S, Malone B, Clancy T, Myhre AEL, Gedde-Dahl T, Munthe LA. Robust spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a prospective, cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210899. [PMID: 37503339 PMCID: PMC10369799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor overall survival of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who developed COVID-19 underlies the importance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Previous studies of vaccine efficacy have reported weak humoral responses but conflicting results on T cell immunity. Here, we have examined the relationship between humoral and T cell response in 48 HSCT recipients who received two doses of Moderna's mRNA-1273 or Pfizer/BioNTech's BNT162b2 vaccines. Nearly all HSCT patients had robust T cell immunity regardless of protective humoral responses, with 18/48 (37%, IQR 8.679-5601 BAU/mL) displaying protective IgG anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) levels (>2000 BAU/mL). Flow cytometry analysis of activation induced markers (AIMs) revealed that 90% and 74% of HSCT patients showed reactivity towards immunodominant spike peptides in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. The response rate increased to 90% for CD4+ T cells as well when we challenged the cells with a complete set of overlapping peptides spanning the entire spike protein. T cell response was detectable as early as 3 months after transplant, but only CD4+ T cell reactivity correlated with IgG anti-RBD level and time after transplantation. Boosting increased seroconversion rate, while only one patient developed COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Our data suggest that HSCT recipients with poor serological responses were protected from severe COVID-19 by vaccine-induced T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Federico
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Murat Gainullin
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julie Røkke Osen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktoriia Chaban
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Persgård Lund
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Tietze
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hassen Kared
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Anders Eivind Leren Myhre
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ludvig André Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jørgensen KK, Høivik ML, Chopra A, Benth JŠ, Ricanek P, Moum PB, Jyssum I, Bolstad N, Warren DJ, Vaage PJT, Munthe PLA, Lundin PKEA, Anisdahl K, Syversen SW, Goll GL, Lund-Johansen F, Medhus AW, Jahnsen PJ. Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunosuppressive medication: association to serum drug levels and disease type. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:874-882. [PMID: 36788656 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2177884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not well characterized. The aims of this study were to explore the serological response associated with IBD, and immunosuppressive medications including serum concentrations of biologics and thiopurine metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, observational study included adult patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and healthy controls. Antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, and serum concentrations of ongoing biologic and immunomodulatory medications were assessed prior to, and 2-5 weeks after the second vaccine dose. Serologic response was defined as anti-Spike antibodies ≥70 AU/ml. RESULTS In 958 IBD patients (380 UC, 578 CD) and 323 healthy controls, the median (Q1; Q3) anti-Spike antibody level (AU/ml) was lower in patients (618 (192; 4370)) compared to controls (3355 (896; 7849)) (p < 0.001). The antibody levels were lower in CD (439 (174; 3304)) compared to UC (1088 (251; 5975)) (p < 0.001). No associations were demonstrated between antibody levels and serum drug concentrations for TNF inhibitor (TNFi), vedolizumab and ustekinumab. Patients receiving TNFi + thiopurines with a subtherapeutic 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) level had higher response rate (93%) compared to patients with 6-TGN within the therapeutic range (53%) (p = 0.003). A diagnosis of UC, mRNA-1273 vaccine, and other treatments than TNFi + thiopurines were associated with humoral response. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CD had an attenuated humoral response to SARS-COV-2 vaccination as compared to patients with UC. The lack of association between serum levels of biologics and serologic response indicates vaccination regardless of proximity to drug administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marte Lie Høivik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jūratė Šaltytė Benth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Petr Ricanek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Prof Bjørn Moum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Jyssum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Oslo, Norway Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Bolstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David John Warren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prof John T Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prof Ludvig A Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prof Knut E A Lundin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karoline Anisdahl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Watterdal Syversen
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Oslo, Norway Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Oslo, Norway Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asle W Medhus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prof Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hovd M, Åsberg A, Munthe LA, Heldal K, Reisæter AV, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Midtvedt K. Humoral vaccine response and breakthrough infections in kidney transplant recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 60:102035. [PMID: 37362086 PMCID: PMC10242148 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) experienced reduced SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response and were at increased risk of severe COVID-19. It is unknown if level of vaccine induced anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD IgG) correlates with protection from and survival following COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the effect of vaccine response on risk of breakthrough infections (BTI) and COVID-19 death in KTRs. Methods We performed a nationwide study, examining the competing risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 related/unrelated death, and vaccine efficacy as assessed by level of anti-RBD IgG response 4-10 weeks after each vaccination. The study included all KTR in Norway alive and with a functioning graft on February 20th, 2020, and events after November 11th, 2022 were right-censored. A pre-pandemic reference-cohort from January 1st 2019 to January 1st 2020 was included to evaluate excess mortality. The study was conducted at Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. Findings The study included 3607 KTRs (59 [48-70] years) with a functioning graft at February 20th, 2020, who received (median [IQR]) 4 [3-4] vaccines (range 2-6, 99% mRNA). Anti-RBD IgG was measured in 12 701 serum samples provided by 3213 KTRs. Vaccine response was assessed 41 [31-57] days after vaccination. A total of 1090 KTRs were infected with SARS-CoV-2, 1005 (92%) were BTI, and vaccine response did not protect against BTI. The hazard ratio for COVID-19 related death 40 days post-infection was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.56) comparing vaccine response levels (≥5 vs. ≥5000 BAU/mL). No excess non-COVID-19 mortality was registered in KTRs surviving SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to a 2019 pre-pandemic reference. Interpretation Our findings suggested that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine response did not predict protection against infection, but prevention of fatal disease progression in KTRs and greater vaccine response further reduced the risk of COVID-19 death. No excess non-COVID-19 mortality was seen during the pandemic. Funding CEPI and internal funds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hovd
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Renal Registry, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Renal Registry, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Heldal
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna V Reisæter
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- The Norwegian Renal Registry, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - John T Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Midtvedt
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wolf AS, Ravussin A, König M, Øverås MH, Solum G, Kjønstad IF, Chopra A, Holmøy T, Harbo HF, Syversen SW, Jørgensen KK, Høgestøl EA, Vaage JT, Celius EG, Lund-Johansen F, Munthe LA, Nygaard GO, Mjaaland S. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination differ by disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis. JCI Insight 2023:165111. [PMID: 37159281 PMCID: PMC10371236 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been of significant interest throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Lymphocyte-targeting immunotherapies including anti-CD20 treatments and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators attenuate antibody responses after vaccination. Evaluation of cellular responses after vaccination is therefore of particular importance in these populations. In this study, we analysed CD4 and CD8 T cell functional responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides in healthy controls and pwMS on five different DMTs by flow cytometry. Although pwMS on rituximab and fingolimod therapies had low antibody responses after both two and three vaccine doses, T cell responses in pwMS on rituximab were preserved after a third vaccination, even when an additional dose of rituximab was administered between vaccine doses two and three. PwMS taking fingolimod had low detectable T cell responses in peripheral blood. CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Delta and Omicron were lower than to the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 variant. Our results indicate the importance of assessing both cellular and humoral responses after vaccination and suggest that even in the absence of robust antibody responses vaccination can generate immune responses in pwMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anthony Ravussin
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marton König
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Guri Solum
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Fadum Kjønstad
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Holmøy
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Hanne F Harbo
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Watterdal Syversen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - John T Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ravussin A, Robertson AH, Wolf AS, Blix K, Kjønstad IF, Solum G, Feiring B, Strand BH, Lund-Johansen F, Munthe LA, Magnus P, Trogstad L, Mjaaland S. Determinants of humoral and cellular immune responses to three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in older adults: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev 2023; 4:e188-e199. [PMID: 37148891 PMCID: PMC10156136 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older age is associated with poorer outcomes to COVID-19 infection. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a longitudinal cohort of adults aged 65-80 years to study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we describe the characteristics of the cohort in general, and specifically the immune responses at baseline and after primary and booster vaccination in a subset of longitudinal blood samples, and the epidemiological factors affecting these responses. METHODS 4551 participants were recruited, with humoral (n=299) and cellular (n=90) responses measured before vaccination and after two and three vaccine doses. Information on general health, infections, and vaccinations were obtained from questionnaires and national health registries. FINDINGS Half of the participants had a chronic condition. 849 (18·7%) of 4551 were prefrail and 184 (4%) of 4551 were frail. 483 (10·6%) of 4551 had general activity limitations (scored with the Global Activity Limitation Index). After dose two, 295 (98·7%) of 299 participants were seropositive for anti-receptor binding domain IgG, and 210 (100%) of 210 participants after dose three. Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses showed high heterogeneity after vaccination and responded to the alpha (B.1.1.7), delta (B.1.617.2), and omicron (B.1.1.529 or BA.1) variants of concern. Cellular responses to seasonal coronaviruses increased after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Heterologous prime boosting with mRNA vaccines was associated with the highest antibody (p=0·019) and CD4 T cell responses (p=0·003), and hypertension with lower antibody levels after three doses (p=0·04). INTERPRETATION Most older adults, including those with comorbidities, generated good serological and cellular responses after two vaccine doses. Responses further improved after three doses, particularly after heterologous boosting. Vaccination also generated cross-reactive T cells against variants of concern and seasonal coronaviruses. Frailty was not associated with impaired immune responses, but hypertension might indicate reduced responsiveness to vaccines even after three doses. Individual differences identified through longitudinal sampling enables better prediction of the variability of vaccine responses, which can help guide future policy on the need for subsequent doses and their timing. FUNDING Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Ministry of Health, Research Council of Norway, and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ravussin
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Hayman Robertson
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Blix
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Fadum Kjønstad
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guri Solum
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Feiring
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Selvakumar J, Havdal LB, Drevvatne M, Brodwall EM, Lund Berven L, Stiansen-Sonerud T, Einvik G, Leegaard TM, Tjade T, Michelsen AE, Mollnes TE, Lund-Johansen F, Holmøy T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Sandler CX, Cvejic E, Lloyd AR, Wyller VBB. Prevalence and Characteristics Associated With Post-COVID-19 Condition Among Nonhospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e235763. [PMID: 36995712 PMCID: PMC10064252 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.5763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The prevalence and baseline risk factors of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) remain unresolved among the large number of young people who experienced mild COVID-19. Objectives To determine the point prevalence of PCC 6 months after the acute infection, to determine the risk of development of PCC adjusted for possible confounders, and to explore a broad range of potential risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included nonhospitalized individuals from 2 counties in Norway between ages 12 and 25 years who underwent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. At the early convalescent stage and at 6-month follow-up, participants underwent a clinical examination; pulmonary, cardiac, and cognitive functional testing; immunological and organ injury biomarker analyses; and completion of a questionnaire. Participants were classified according to the World Health Organization case definition of PCC at follow-up. Association analyses of 78 potential risk factors were performed. Exposures SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Outcomes and Measures The point prevalence of PCC 6 months after RT-PCR testing in the SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative groups, and the risk difference with corresponding 95% CIs. Results A total of 404 individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 105 individuals testing negative were enrolled (194 male [38.1%]; 102 non-European [20.0%] ethnicity). A total of 22 of the SARS-CoV-2-positive and 4 of the SARS-CoV-2-negative individuals were lost to follow-up, and 16 SARS-CoV-2-negative individuals were excluded due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the observational period. Hence, 382 SARS-CoV-2-positive participants (mean [SD] age, 18.0 [3.7] years; 152 male [39.8%]) and 85 SARS-CoV-2-negative participants (mean [SD] age, 17.7 [3.2] years; 31 male [36.5%]) could be evaluated. The point prevalence of PCC at 6 months was 48.5% in the SARS-CoV-2-positive group and 47.1% in the control group (risk difference, 1.5%; 95% CI, -10.2% to 13.1%). SARS-CoV-2 positivity was not associated with the development of PCC (relative risk [RR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.37; final multivariable model utilizing modified Poisson regression). The main risk factor for PCC was symptom severity at baseline (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.27-1.56). Low physical activity (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-1.00) and loneliness (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02) were also associated, while biological markers were not. Symptom severity correlated with personality traits. Conclusions and Relevance The persistent symptoms and disability that characterize PCC are associated with factors other than SARS-CoV-2 infection, including psychosocial factors. This finding raises questions about the utility of the World Health Organization case definition and has implications for the planning of health care services as well as for further research on PCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Selvakumar
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Beier Havdal
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Martin Drevvatne
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elias Myrstad Brodwall
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Lise Lund Berven
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Gunnar Einvik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Truls Michael Leegaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Annika E Michelsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Trygve Holmøy
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Carolina X Sandler
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erin Cvejic
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Amstutz A, Speich B, Mentré F, Rueegg CS, Belhadi D, Assoumou L, Burdet C, Murthy S, Dodd LE, Wang Y, Tikkinen KAO, Ader F, Hites M, Bouscambert M, Trabaud MA, Fralick M, Lee TC, Pinto R, Barratt-Due A, Lund-Johansen F, Müller F, Nevalainen OPO, Cao B, Bonnett T, Griessbach A, Taji Heravi A, Schönenberger C, Janiaud P, Werlen L, Aghlmandi S, Schandelmaier S, Yazdanpanah Y, Costagliola D, Olsen IC, Briel M. Effects of remdesivir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 2023; 11:453-464. [PMID: 36828006 PMCID: PMC10156140 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpretation of the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of remdesivir in patients treated in hospital for COVID-19 is conflicting. We aimed to assess the benefits and harms of remdesivir compared with placebo or usual care in these patients, and whether treatment effects differed between prespecified patient subgroups. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane COVID-19 trial registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and preprint servers from Jan 1, 2020, until April 11, 2022, for RCTs of remdesivir in adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19, and contacted the authors of eligible trials to request individual patient data. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at day 28 after randomisation. We used multivariable hierarchical regression-adjusting for respiratory support, age, and enrollment period-to investigate effect modifiers. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021257134. FINDINGS Our search identified 857 records, yielding nine RCTs eligible for inclusion. Of these nine eligible RCTs, individual data were provided for eight, covering 10 480 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (99% of such patients included in such RCTs worldwide) recruited between Feb 6, 2020, and April 1, 2021. Within 28 days of randomisation, 662 (12·5%) of 5317 patients assigned to remdesivir and 706 (14·1%) of 5005 patients assigned to no remdesivir died (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0·88, 95% CI 0·78-1·00, p=0·045). We found evidence for a credible subgroup effect according to respiratory support at baseline (pinteraction=0·019). Of patients who were ventilated-including those who received high-flow oxygen-253 (30·0%) of 844 patients assigned to remdesivir died compared with 241 (28·5%) of 846 patients assigned to no remdesivir (aOR 1·10 [0·88-1·38]; low-certainty evidence). Of patients who received no oxygen or low-flow oxygen, 409 (9·1%) of 4473 patients assigned to remdesivir died compared with 465 (11·2%) of 4159 patients assigned to no remdesivir (0·80 [0·70-0·93]; high-certainty evidence). No credible subgroup effect was found for time to start of remdesivir after symptom onset, age, presence of comorbidities, enrolment period, or corticosteroid use. Remdesivir did not increase the frequency of severe or serious adverse events. INTERPRETATION This individual patient data meta-analysis showed that remdesivir reduced mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 who required no or conventional oxygen support, but was underpowered to evaluate patients who were ventilated when receiving remdesivir. The effect size of remdesivir in patients with more respiratory support or acquired immunity and the cost-effectiveness of remdesivir remain to be further elucidated. FUNDING EU-RESPONSE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Amstutz
- CLEAR Methods Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Speich
- CLEAR Methods Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - France Mentré
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris, France; Département d'Épidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Corina Silvia Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Drifa Belhadi
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris, France; Département d'Épidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Charles Burdet
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris, France; Département d'Épidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lori Elizabeth Dodd
- Clinical Trials Research Section, Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yeming Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Kari A O Tikkinen
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Surgery, South Karelian Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Florence Ader
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Legiopath, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm 1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maya Hites
- Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles Hôpital Érasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Clinique des Maladies Infectieuses, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maude Bouscambert
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux de Lyon, Centre National de Référence des Virus Respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mary Anne Trabaud
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux de Lyon, Centre National de Référence des Virus Respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mike Fralick
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Todd C Lee
- Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ruxandra Pinto
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tyler Bonnett
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Griessbach
- CLEAR Methods Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ala Taji Heravi
- CLEAR Methods Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christof Schönenberger
- CLEAR Methods Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Perrine Janiaud
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Werlen
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Soheila Aghlmandi
- CLEAR Methods Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schandelmaier
- CLEAR Methods Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Costagliola
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre-Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | | | - Matthias Briel
- CLEAR Methods Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ibsen JH, Chopra A, Vaage EB, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Lundin KEA. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in celiac disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:142-147. [PMID: 36049123 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2114809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of the disease COVID-19 is a serious threat to our society. Effective vaccines have now entered the market, but most patient populations were not included in the registration clinical trials. There is evidence that patients with celiac disease (CeD) have reduced effect of vaccines such as the hepatitis B vaccine. Hence, we investigated the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Chadox1, Comirnaty and Spikevax) in CeD patients and healthy controls. METHODS CeD patients from a patient registry at Oslo University Hospital were invited to donate serum samples before and after vaccination. We sent out 1537 invitations and received paired samples from 85 individuals. These were compared with similar samples from 238 healthy controls. Sera were analyzed for antibodies to the Spike protein from SARS-CoV2 and the receptor-binding domain. The results where then converted into binding antibody units (BAU)/ml to compare. RESULTS Prevaccination samples showed that very few patients had been earlier exposed to Sars-CoV2 and the antibody levels were low. Postvaccination analysis showed overlap of antibody levels between CeD and healthy controls. On average, the CeD patient group had 5555.0 BAU/ml (330.1 SD) while the average in healthy controls was 5419 (184.7 SD). CONCLUSION The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CeD patients is similar to that observed in healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jostein H Ibsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline Benno Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - John T Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Knut E A Lundin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meyer S, Blaas I, Bollineni RC, Delic-Sarac M, Tran TT, Knetter C, Dai KZ, Madssen TS, Vaage JT, Gustavsen A, Yang W, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Douvlataniotis K, Laos M, Nielsen MM, Thiede B, Søraas A, Lund-Johansen F, Rustad EH, Olweus J. Prevalent and immunodominant CD8 T cell epitopes are conserved in SARS-CoV-2 variants. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111995. [PMID: 36656713 PMCID: PMC9826989 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) is driven by mutations that mediate escape from neutralizing antibodies. There is also evidence that mutations can cause loss of T cell epitopes. However, studies on viral escape from T cell immunity have been hampered by uncertain estimates of epitope prevalence. Here, we map and quantify CD8 T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2-specific minimal epitopes in blood drawn from April to June 2020 from 83 COVID-19 convalescents. Among 37 HLA ligands eluted from five prevalent alleles and an additional 86 predicted binders, we identify 29 epitopes with an immunoprevalence ranging from 3% to 100% among individuals expressing the relevant HLA allele. Mutations in VOC are reported in 10.3% of the epitopes, while 20.6% of the non-immunogenic peptides are mutated in VOC. The nine most prevalent epitopes are conserved in VOC. Thus, comprehensive mapping of epitope prevalence does not provide evidence that mutations in VOC are driven by escape of T cell immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Meyer
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Isaac Blaas
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ravi Chand Bollineni
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Delic-Sarac
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung T. Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Knetter
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ke-Zheng Dai
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - John T. Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alice Gustavsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiwen Yang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Karolos Douvlataniotis
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maarja Laos
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Morten Milek Nielsen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway,ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Even H. Rustad
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway,Corresponding author
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Trøseid M, Arribas JR, Assoumou L, Holten AR, Poissy J, Terzić V, Mazzaferri F, Baño JR, Eustace J, Hites M, Joannidis M, Paiva JA, Reuter J, Püntmann I, Patrick-Brown TDJH, Westerheim E, Nezvalova-Henriksen K, Beniguel L, Dahl TB, Bouscambert M, Halanova M, Péterfi Z, Tsiodras S, Rezek M, Briel M, Ünal S, Schlegel M, Ader F, Lacombe K, Amdal CD, Rodrigues S, Tonby K, Gaudet A, Heggelund L, Mootien J, Johannessen A, Møller JH, Pollan BD, Tveita AA, Kildal AB, Richard JC, Dalgard O, Simensen VC, Baldé A, de Gastines L, del Álamo M, Aydin B, Lund-Johansen F, Trabaud MA, Diallo A, Halvorsen B, Røttingen JA, Tacconelli E, Yazdanpanah Y, Olsen IC, Costagliola D, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Stiksrud B, Jenum S, MacPherson ME, Aarskog NR, Røstad K, Skeie LG, Dahl Å, Steen JK, Nur S, Segers F, Korsan KA, Sethupathy A, Sandstå AJ, Paulsen GJ, Ueland T, Michelsen A, Aukrust P, Berdal JE, Melkeraaen I, Tollefsen MM, Andreassen J, Dokken J, Müller KE, Woll BM, Opsand H, Bogen M, Rød LT, Steinsvik T, Åsheim-Hansen B, Bjerkreim RH, Berg Å, Moen S, Kvalheim S, Strand K, Gravrok B, Skogen V, Lorentzen EM, Schive SW, Rossvoll L, Hoel H, Engebråten S, Martinsson MS, Thallinger M, Ådnanes E, Hannula R, Bremnes N, Liyanarachi K, Ehrnström B, Kvalshaug M, Berge K, Bygdås M, Gustafsson L, AballiB S, Strand M, Andersen B, Aukrust P, Barratt-Due A, Henriksen KN, Kåsine T, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Berdal JE, Favory R, Nseir S, Preau S, Jourdain M, Ledoux G, Durand A, Houard M, Moreau AS, Rouzé A, Tortuyaux R, Degouy G, Levy C, Liu V, Dognon N, Mariller L, Delcourte C, Reguig Z, Cerf A, Cuvelliez M, Kipnis E, Boyer-Beysserre M, Bignon A, Parmentier L, Meddour D, Frade S, Timsit JF, Peiffer-Smadja N, Wicky PH, De Montmollin E, Bouadma L, Dessajan J, Sonneville R, Patrier J, Presente S, Sylia Z, Rioux C, Thy M, Collias L, Bouaraba Y, Dobremel N, Dureau AF, Oudeville P, Pointurier V, Rabouel Y, Stiel L, Alzina C, Ramstein C, Ait-Oufella H, Hamoudi F, Urbina T, Zerbib Y, Maizel J, Wilpotte C, Piroth L, Blot M, Sixt T, Moretto F, Charles C, Gohier S, Roux D, Le Breton C, Gernez C, Thiry I, Baboi L, Malvy D, Boyer A, Perreau P, Armellini M, De Luca G, Di Pietro OSMM, Romanin B, Brogi M, Castelli F, Amadasi S, Barchiesi F, Canovari B, Coppola N, Pisaturo M, Russo A, Occhiello L, Cataldo F, Rillo MM, Queiruga J, Seco E, Stewart S, Borobia AM, Moraga P, Prieto R, García I, Rivera C, Narro JL, Chacón N, de la Rosa S, Macías M, Barrera L, Serna A, Palomo V, Sánchez MIG, Gutiérrez D, Campos AS, Garfia MÁG, Toyos EB, Cabrera JS, Lucena MI, Lapique EL, Englert P, Khalil Z, Jacobs F, Malaise J, Mukangenzi O, Smissaert C, Hildebrand M, Martiny D, Vervacke A, Scarnière A, Yin N, Michel C, Seyler L, Allard S, Van Laethem J, Verschelden G, Meeuwissen A, De Waele A, Van Buggenhout V, Monteyne D, Noppe N, Belkhir L, Yombi JC, De Greef J, Mesland JB, De Ghellinck L, Kin V, D’Aoust C, Bouvier A, Dekeister AC, Hawia E, Gaillet A, Deshorme H, Halleux S, Galand V, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Santos LL, Vieira CB, Magalhaes R, Ferreira S, Bernardo M, Jackson A, Sadlier C, O’Connell S, Blair M, Manning E, Cusack F, Kelly N, Stephenson H, Keane R, Murphy A, Cunnane M, Keane F, O’Regan MC, de Barra E, Bellone AM, O’Regan S, Carey P, Harte J, Coakley P, Heeney A, Ryan D, Curley G, McConkey S, Sulaiman I, Costello R, McNally C, Foley C, Trainor S, Jacob B, Vengathodi S, Kent B, Bergin C, Townsend L, Kerr C, Panti N, Sanz AG, Benny B, Dea EO, Galvin N, Burke C, Galvin A, Aisiyabi S, Lobo D, Laffey J, McNicolas B, Cosgrave D, Sheehan JR, Nita C, Hanley C, Kelly C, Kernan M, Murray J, Staub T, Henin T, Damilot G, Bintener T, Colling J, Ferretti C, Werer C, Stammet P, Braquet P, Arendt V, Calvo E, Michaux C, Mediouni C, Znati A, Montanes G, Garcia L, Thomé C, Breitkopf R, Peer A, Lehner G, Bellman R, Ditlbacher A, Finkenstedt A, Zotter K, Hernandez CP, Rajsic S, Lanthaler B, Greil R, Tamás K, Kovácsné-Levang S, Sipos D, Kappéter A, Halda-Kiss B, Madarassi-Papp E, Hajdu E, Bende B, Konstantinos T, Moschopoulos C, Labrou E, Tsakona M, Grigoropoulos I, Kotanidou A, Fragkou P, Theodorakopoulou M, Pantazi E, Jahai E, Moukouli M, Siafakas D, Mühlbauer B, Dembinski R, Stich K, Schneider G, Nagy A, Grodová K, Kubelová M, Součková L, Švábová HK, Demlová R, Sonderlichová S, Unal S, Inkaya AC, de Bono S, Kartman CE, Adams DH, Crowe B, Yazdanapanah Y, Unal S, Schneider G, Mühlbauer B, Ødegård T, Bakkehøi G, Autran B, Bjørås M, Lambellerie XD, Mezzarri F, Guedj J, Esperou H, Lumbroso J, Welte T, Calmy A, Pischke S, Treweek S, Goetghebeur E, Doussau A, Weiss L, Hulstaert F, Botgros R, del Alamo M, Chung F, Lumbroso J, Zeitlinger M, Escalera BN, Csajka C, Williams C, Amstutz A, Rüegg CS, Burdet C, Massonnaud C, Belhadi D, Mentré F, Aroun M, Mentré F, Ehrmann S, Espoerou H, Burdet C, Falk RS, Bjordal K, Bakkehøi G, Ødegård T, Barratt-Due A. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib in hospitalized adults with severe or critical COVID-19 (Bari-SolidAct): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Crit Care 2023; 27:9. [PMID: 36627655 PMCID: PMC9830601 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baricitinib has shown efficacy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, but no placebo-controlled trials have focused specifically on severe/critical COVID, including vaccinated participants. METHODS Bari-SolidAct is a phase-3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, enrolling participants from June 3, 2021 to March 7, 2022, stopped prematurely for external evidence. Patients with severe/critical COVID-19 were randomised to Baricitinib 4 mg once daily or placebo, added to standard of care. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within 60 days. Participants were remotely followed to day 90 for safety and patient related outcome measures. RESULTS Two hundred ninety-nine patients were screened, 284 randomised, and 275 received study drug or placebo and were included in the modified intent-to-treat analyses (139 receiving baricitinib and 136 placebo). Median age was 60 (IQR 49-69) years, 77% were male and 35% had received at least one dose of SARS-CoV2 vaccine. There were 21 deaths at day 60 in each group, 15.1% in the baricitinib group and 15.4% in the placebo group (adjusted absolute difference and 95% CI - 0.1% [- 8·3 to 8·0]). In sensitivity analysis censoring observations after drug discontinuation or rescue therapy (tocilizumab/increased steroid dose), proportions of death were 5.8% versus 8.8% (- 3.2% [- 9.0 to 2.7]), respectively. There were 148 serious adverse events in 46 participants (33.1%) receiving baricitinib and 155 in 51 participants (37.5%) receiving placebo. In subgroup analyses, there was a potential interaction between vaccination status and treatment allocation on 60-day mortality. In a subsequent post hoc analysis there was a significant interaction between vaccination status and treatment allocation on the occurrence of serious adverse events, with more respiratory complications and severe infections in vaccinated participants treated with baricitinib. Vaccinated participants were on average 11 years older, with more comorbidities. CONCLUSION This clinical trial was prematurely stopped for external evidence and therefore underpowered to conclude on a potential survival benefit of baricitinib in severe/critical COVID-19. We observed a possible safety signal in vaccinated participants, who were older with more comorbidities. Although based on a post-hoc analysis, these findings warrant further investigation in other trials and real-world studies. Trial registration Bari-SolidAct is registered at NCT04891133 (registered May 18, 2021) and EUClinicalTrials.eu ( 2022-500385-99-00 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Trøseid
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - José R. Arribas
- grid.81821.320000 0000 8970 9163Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain ,grid.512890.7Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
| | - Aleksander Rygh Holten
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julien Poissy
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780Lille University, Lille, France/CHU Lille - Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France ,grid.457369.aL’Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
| | - Vida Terzić
- Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, 75015 Paris, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Fulvia Mazzaferri
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jesús Rodríguez Baño
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XDepartment of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain ,grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229University of Sevilla and Biomedicines Institute of Seville (IBiS)/CSIC, Seville, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joe Eustace
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maya Hites
- grid.412157.40000 0000 8571 829XBrussels University Hospital-Erasme, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Joannidis
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José-Artur Paiva
- grid.414556.70000 0000 9375 4688Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean Reuter
- grid.418041.80000 0004 0578 0421Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Service de Réanimation-Soins Intensifs, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Isabel Püntmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hospital Group Gesundheit Nord gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thale D. J. H. Patrick-Brown
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Westerheim
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Section for Monitoring, Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katerina Nezvalova-Henriksen
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital and Oslo Hospital Pharmacy, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lydie Beniguel
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
| | - Tuva Børresdatter Dahl
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maude Bouscambert
- grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Des Agents Infectieux de Lyon, Centre National de Reference Des Virus Des Infections Respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69317 Lyon, France
| | - Monika Halanova
- grid.11175.330000 0004 0576 0391Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zoltán Péterfi
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 94791St Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece ,grid.411449.d0000 0004 0622 4662University Hospital of Athens Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Rezek
- grid.412554.30000 0004 0609 2751St. Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Briel
- grid.410567.1Swiss Clinical Trial Organisation and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serhat Ünal
- grid.411920.f0000 0004 0642 1084Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin Schlegel
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florence Ader
- grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Hospices Civils de Lyon, Département Des Maladies Infectieuses Et Tropicales, 69004 Lyon, France ,grid.15140.310000 0001 2175 9188Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm 1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre-Louis d’Épidemiologie Et de Santé Publique, INSERM, 75013 Paris, France ,grid.412370.30000 0004 1937 1100APHP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Maladies Infectieuses Et Tropicales, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Cecilie Delphin Amdal
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Research support service and Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Serge Rodrigues
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
| | - Kristian Tonby
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Deptartment of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandre Gaudet
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Critical Care Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France ,grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection Et d’Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Lars Heggelund
- grid.459157.b0000 0004 0389 7802Medical Department, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joy Mootien
- grid.414085.c0000 0000 9480 048XService, de Réanimation Médiale, GHRMSA Hopital Emile Muller, Mulhouse, France
| | - Asgeir Johannessen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.417292.b0000 0004 0627 3659Department of Infectious Diseases, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jannicke Horjen Møller
- grid.412835.90000 0004 0627 2891Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Beatriz Diaz Pollan
- grid.81821.320000 0000 8970 9163Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain ,grid.81821.320000 0000 8970 9163Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anders Aune Tveita
- grid.414168.e0000 0004 0627 3595Department of Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken, Bærum, Norway
| | - Anders Benjamin Kildal
- grid.412244.50000 0004 4689 5540Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jean-Christophe Richard
- grid.413306.30000 0004 4685 6736Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital de La Croix - Rousse - HCL, Lyon, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389CREATIS INSERM U1206-CNRS UMR 5220, Lyon, France
| | - Olav Dalgard
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XAkershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Victoria Charlotte Simensen
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Division of Health Services, Department of Global Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aliou Baldé
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
| | - Lucie de Gastines
- Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, 75015 Paris, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Burç Aydin
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mary-Anne Trabaud
- grid.134996.00000 0004 0593 702XLaboratoire de Virologie, Institut Des Agents Infectieux de Lyon, Centre National de Reference Des Virus Respiratoires France Sud, 69317 Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
| | - Alpha Diallo
- Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, 75015 Paris, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Arne Røttingen
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy ,grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XVerona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- grid.512950.aUniversité de Paris, IAME, INSERM, 75018 Paris, France ,grid.411119.d0000 0000 8588 831XAP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Maladies Infectieuses Et Tropicales, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Inge C. Olsen
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Research Support for Clinical Trials, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominique Costagliola
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sommen SL, Havdal LB, Selvakumar J, Einvik G, Leegaard TM, Lund-Johansen F, Michelsen AE, Mollnes TE, Stiansen-Sonerud T, Tjade T, Wyller VBB, Berven LL. Inflammatory markers and pulmonary function in adolescents and young adults 6 months after mild COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1081718. [PMID: 36685555 PMCID: PMC9853911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1081718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both public and scientific attention have shifted from the acute COVID-19 illness to the chronic disability experienced by a proportion of COVID-19 convalescents. Post COVID-19 condition, a term used for long-lasting symptoms after COVID-19, can affect individuals across all disease severity and age groups. Data on post-COVID-19 symptomatology, epidemiology and pathophysiology in adolescents and young adults are scarce. To date, little is known on the immunological and pulmonary trends in these patients after COVID-19. This study investigated immunological markers and pulmonary function in non-hospitalized patients in this group at 6 months after initial mild COVID-19 infection. Methods Non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive (n = 405) and SARS-CoV-2 negative (n = 111) adolescents and young adults (aged 12-25 years) were followed prospectively for six months after SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. At baseline and at six months follow-up, all participants underwent an assessment including clinical examination, questionnaires, spirometry, and blood sampling. Cross-sectional comparisons of blood biomarkers; including white blood cell counts, CRP, GDF-15, a 27-multiplex cytokine assay, complement activation products and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; and spirometry measures were performed after classification of all participants according to their COVID-19 status and adherence to post-COVID-19 case criteria. Associations between biomarkers and COVID-19 symptoms were explored. Results No difference in pulmonary function was detected between the groups. COVID-19 convalescents had higher levels of chemokines eotaxin, MCP-1 and IP-10 than non-infected controls. The increase was modest and not associated with long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms. Discussion Elevated inflammatory mediators were found in adolescents and young adults six months after mild COVID-19, but there was no association with post-COVID-19 condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Lauren Sommen
- Department of Pediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Beier Havdal
- Department of Pediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Joel Selvakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Einvik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Truls Michael Leegaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Annika E. Michelsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom E. Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway
| | - Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud
- Department of Pediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller
- Department of Pediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Lund Berven
- Department of Pediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
König M, Lorentzen ÅR, Torgauten HM, Tran TT, Schikora-Rustad S, Vaage EB, Mygland Å, Wergeland S, Aarseth J, Aaberge IAS, Torkildsen Ø, Holmøy T, Berge T, Myhr KM, Harbo HF, Andersen JT, Munthe LA, Søraas A, Celius EG, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Nygaard GO. Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in multiple sclerosis: the relevance of time since last rituximab infusion and first experience from sporadic revaccinations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:19-22. [PMID: 34670844 PMCID: PMC9763174 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) on vaccine responses is largely unknown. Understanding the development of protective immunity is of paramount importance to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To characterise humoral immunity after mRNA-COVID-19 vaccination of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). METHODS All pwMS in Norway fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were invited to a national screening study. Humoral immunity was assessed by measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 SPIKE RBD IgG response 3-12 weeks after full vaccination, and compared with healthy subjects. RESULTS 528 pwMS and 627 healthy subjects were included. Reduced humoral immunity (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG <70 arbitrary units) was present in 82% and 80% of all pwMS treated with fingolimod and rituximab, respectively, while patients treated with other DMT showed similar rates as healthy subjects and untreated pwMS. We found a significant correlation between time since the last rituximab dose and the development of humoral immunity. Revaccination in two seronegative patients induced a weak antibody response. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with fingolimod or rituximab should be informed about the risk of reduced humoral immunity and vaccinations should be timed carefully in rituximab patients. Our results identify the need for studies regarding the durability of vaccine responses, the role of cellular immunity and revaccinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marton König
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åslaug Rudjord Lorentzen
- Department of Neurology, Sørlandet Sykehus HF, Kristiansand, Norway.,The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Tick-borne Diseases, Arendal, Norway
| | - Hilde Marie Torgauten
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - The Trung Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Åse Mygland
- Department of Neurology, Sørlandet Sykehus HF, Kristiansand, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Wergeland
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian MS Registry and Biobank, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Aarseth
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian MS Registry and Biobank, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Aase S Aaberge
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trygve Holmøy
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Berge
- Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Flinstad Harbo
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig Andre Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Robert PA, Akbar R, Frank R, Pavlović M, Widrich M, Snapkov I, Slabodkin A, Chernigovskaya M, Scheffer L, Smorodina E, Rawat P, Mehta BB, Vu MH, Mathisen IF, Prósz A, Abram K, Olar A, Miho E, Haug DTT, Lund-Johansen F, Hochreiter S, Haff IH, Klambauer G, Sandve GK, Greiff V. Unconstrained generation of synthetic antibody-antigen structures to guide machine learning methodology for antibody specificity prediction. Nat Comput Sci 2022; 2:845-865. [PMID: 38177393 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is a key technology for accurate prediction of antibody-antigen binding. Two orthogonal problems hinder the application of ML to antibody-specificity prediction and the benchmarking thereof: the lack of a unified ML formalization of immunological antibody-specificity prediction problems and the unavailability of large-scale synthetic datasets to benchmark real-world relevant ML methods and dataset design. Here we developed the Absolut! software suite that enables parameter-based unconstrained generation of synthetic lattice-based three-dimensional antibody-antigen-binding structures with ground-truth access to conformational paratope, epitope and affinity. We formalized common immunological antibody-specificity prediction problems as ML tasks and confirmed that for both sequence- and structure-based tasks, accuracy-based rankings of ML methods trained on experimental data hold for ML methods trained on Absolut!-generated data. The Absolut! framework has the potential to enable real-world relevant development and benchmarking of ML strategies for biotherapeutics design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Robert
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rahmad Akbar
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Frank
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Michael Widrich
- ELLIS Unit Linz and LIT AI Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Igor Snapkov
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrei Slabodkin
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Chernigovskaya
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Eva Smorodina
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Puneet Rawat
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai Ha Vu
- Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aurél Prósz
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Translational Cancer Genomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Abram
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Autoflow, DTU Biosustain and IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Olar
- Department of Complex Systems in Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
- aiNET GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sepp Hochreiter
- ELLIS Unit Linz and LIT AI Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence (IARAI), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Günter Klambauer
- ELLIS Unit Linz and LIT AI Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Didriksen H, Molberg Ø, Mehta A, Jordan S, Palchevskiy V, Fretheim H, Gude E, Ueland T, Brunborg C, Garen T, Midtvedt Ø, Andreassen AK, Lund-Johansen F, Distler O, Belperio J, Hoffmann-Vold AM. Target organ expression and biomarker characterization of chemokine CCL21 in systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Immunol 2022; 13:991743. [PMID: 36211384 PMCID: PMC9541617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogenous disorder that appears to result from interplay between vascular pathologies, tissue fibrosis and immune processes, with evidence for deregulation of chemokines, which normally control immune trafficking. We recently identified altered levels of chemokine CCL21 in SSc associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we aimed to define target organ expression and biomarker characteristics of CCL21. Materials and methods To investigate target organ expression of CCL21, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on explanted lung tissues from SSc-PAH patients. We assessed serum levels of CCL21 by ELISA and Luminex in two well-characterized SSc cohorts from Oslo (OUH, n=552) and Zurich (n=93) University hospitals and in 168 healthy controls. For detection of anti-CCl21 antibodies, we performed protein array analysis applying serum samples from SSc patients (n=300) and healthy controls. To characterize circulating CCL21 in SSc, we applied immunoprecipitation (IP) with antibodies detecting both full length and tailless and a custom-made antibody detecting only the C-terminal of CCL21. IP products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE/western blot and Mass spectrometry (MS). Results By IHC, we found that CCL21 was mainly expressed in the airway epithelial cells of SSc patients with PAH. In the analysis of serum levels of CCL21 we found weak correlation between Luminex and ELISA (r=0.515, p<0.001). Serum levels of anti-CCL21 antibodies were higher in SSc patients than in healthy controls (p<0.001), but only 5% of the SSc population were positive for anti-CCL21 antibodies in SSc, and we found no correlation between anti-CCl21 and serum levels of CCL21. By MS, we only identified peptides located within amino acid (aa) 23-102 of CCL21, indicating that CCL21 in SSc circulate as a truncated protein without the C-terminal tail. Conclusion This study demonstrates expression of CCL21 in epithelial lung tissue from SSc patients with PAH, and indicate that CCL21 in SSc circulates as a truncated protein. We extend previous observations indicating biomarker potential of CCL21, but find that Luminex is not suitable as platform for biomarker analyses. Finally, in vivo generated anti-CCL21 antibodies exist in SSc, but do not appear to modify serum CCL21 levels in patients with SSc-PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Didriksen
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adi Mehta
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Suzana Jordan
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vyacheslav Palchevskiy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Håvard Fretheim
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Gude
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torhild Garen
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Midtvedt
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne K. Andreassen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Belperio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Søraas A, Grødeland G, Granerud BK, Ueland T, Lind A, Fevang B, Murphy SL, Huse C, Nygaard AB, Steffensen AK, al-Baldawi H, Holberg-Petersen M, Andresen LL, Ågnes C, Ranheim T, Schanke Y, Istre M, Dahl JA, Chopra A, Dudman S, Kaarbø M, Andersen JT, Vaage EB, Tran TT, Vaage JT, Michelsen AE, Müller F, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB, Holter JC, Lund-Johansen F. Breakthrough infections with the omicron and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 result in similar re-activation of vaccine-induced immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964525. [PMID: 36159859 PMCID: PMC9493489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundResults showing that sera from double vaccinated individuals have minimal neutralizing activity against Omicron have been interpreted as indicating the need for a third vaccine dose for protection. However, there is little information about early immune responses to Omicron infection in double vaccinated individuals.MethodsWe measured inflammatory mediators, antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and spike peptide-induced release of interferon gamma in whole blood in 51 double-vaccinated individuals infected with Omicron, in 14 infected with Delta, and in 18 healthy controls. The median time points for the first and second samples were 7 and 14 days after symptom onset, respectively.FindingsInfection with Omicron or Delta led to a rapid and similar increase in antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Omicron protein and spike peptide-induced interferon gamma in whole blood. Both the Omicron- and the Delta-infected patients had a mild and transient increase in inflammatory parameters.InterpretationThe results suggest that two vaccine doses are sufficient to mount a rapid and potent immune response upon infection in healthy individuals of with the Omicron variant.FundingThe study was funded by the Oslo University Hospital, and by grants from The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Research Council of Norway (no 312780, 324272), South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (no 2019067, 2021071, 10357, 2021047, 33612, 2021087, 2017092), EU Horizon 2020 grant no 848099, a philantropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S, and The European Virus Archive Global.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nursing, Health and Laboratory Science, University College of Østfold, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah L. Murphy
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne Katrine Steffensen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huda al-Baldawi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Camilla Ågnes
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ylva Schanke
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Istre
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Dudman
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E. Michelsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B. Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Cato Holter
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, ; Jan Cato Holter,
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, ; Jan Cato Holter,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Brunvoll SH, Nygaard AB, Ellingjord-Dale M, Holland P, Istre MS, Kalleberg KT, Søraas CL, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Hjartåker A, Haider T, Lund-Johansen F, Dahl JA, Meyer HE, Søraas A. Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2022; 378:e071245. [PMID: 36215222 PMCID: PMC9449357 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if daily supplementation with cod liver oil, a low dose vitamin D supplement, in winter, prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections in adults in Norway. DESIGN Quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial. SETTING Norway, 10 November 2020 to 2 June 2021. PARTICIPANTS 34 601 adults (aged 18-75 years), not taking daily vitamin D supplements. INTERVENTION 5 mL/day of cod liver oil (10 µg of vitamin D, n=17 278) or placebo (n=17 323) for up to six months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Four co-primary endpoints were predefined: the first was a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result determined by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the second was serious covid-19, defined as self-reported dyspnoea, admission to hospital, or death. Other acute respiratory infections were indicated by the third and fourth co-primary endpoints: a negative SARS-CoV-2 test result and self-reported symptoms. Side effects related to the supplementation were self-reported. The fallback method was used to handle multiple comparisons. RESULTS Supplementation with cod liver oil was not associated with a reduced risk of any of the co-primary endpoints. Participants took the supplement (cod liver oil or placebo) for a median of 164 days, and 227 (1.31%) participants in the cod liver oil group and 228 (1.32%) participants in the placebo group had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result (relative risk 1.00, multiple comparison adjusted confidence interval 0.82 to 1.22). Serious covid-19 was identified in 121 (0.70%) participants in the cod liver oil group and in 101 (0.58%) participants in the placebo group (1.20, 0.87 to 1.65). 8546 (49.46%) and 8565 (49.44%) participants in the cod liver oil and placebo groups, respectively, had ≥1 negative SARS-CoV-2 test results (1.00, 0.97 to 1.04). 3964 (22.94%) and 3834 (22.13%) participants in the cod liver oil and placebo groups, respectively, reported ≥1 acute respiratory infections (1.04, 0.97 to 1.11). Only low grade side effects were reported in the cod liver oil and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Supplementation with cod liver oil in the winter did not reduce the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections compared with placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04609423.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Petter Holland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | | | - Camilla L Søraas
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolaemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hjartåker
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Haider
- Health Economics-Medical Statistics Trond Haider, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kared H, Wolf AS, Alirezaylavasani A, Ravussin A, Solum G, Tran TT, Lund-Johansen F, Vaage JT, Nissen-Meyer LS, Nygaard UC, Hungnes O, Robertson AH, Næss LM, Trogstad L, Magnus P, Munthe LA, Mjaaland S. Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4165. [PMID: 35851055 PMCID: PMC9293966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has more than 15 mutations in the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein enabling increased transmissibility and viral escape from antibodies in vaccinated individuals. It is unclear how vaccine immunity protects against Omicron infection. Here we show that vaccinated participants at a super-spreader event have robust recall response of humoral and pre-existing cellular immunity induced by the vaccines, and an emergent de novo T cell response to non-Spike antigens. Individuals with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections have significantly increased activated SARS-CoV-2 wild type Spike-specific cytotoxic T cells, activated follicular helper (TFH) cells, functional T cell responses, boosted humoral responses, and rapid release of Spike and RBD-specific IgG+ B cell plasmablasts and memory B cells into circulation. Omicron breakthrough infection affords significantly increased de novo memory T cell responses to non-Spike viral antigens. Concerted T and B cell responses may provide durable and broad immunity. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant possess many mutations within the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein, which confer increased transmissibility and higher antibody escape. Here, the authors carry out analysis of the serological and cellular immune responses of individuals with Omicron breakthrough infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancy, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancy, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anthony Ravussin
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guri Solum
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Unni C Nygaard
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Hungnes
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna H Robertson
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Meyer Næss
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Center for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancy, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee Y, Riskedal E, Kalleberg KT, Istre M, Lind A, Lund-Johansen F, Reiakvam O, Søraas AVL, Harris JR, Dahl JA, Hadley CL, Jugessur A. EWAS of post-COVID-19 patients shows methylation differences in the immune-response associated gene, IFI44L, three months after COVID-19 infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11478. [PMID: 35798818 PMCID: PMC9261254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in managing COVID-19, it is still difficult to predict a patient’s prognosis. We explored the epigenetic signatures of COVID-19 in peripheral blood using data from an ongoing prospective observational study of COVID-19 called the Norwegian Corona Cohort Study. A series of EWASs were performed to compare the DNA methylation profiles between COVID-19 cases and controls three months post-infection. We also investigated differences associated with severity and long-COVID. Three CpGs—cg22399236, cg03607951, and cg09829636—were significantly hypomethylated (FDR < 0.05) in COVID-19 positive individuals. cg03607951 is located in IFI44L which is involved in innate response to viral infection and several systemic autoimmune diseases. cg09829636 is located in ANKRD9, a gene implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including the degradation of IMPDH2. The link between ANKRD9 and IMPDH2 is striking given that IMPDHs are considered therapeutic targets for COVID-19. Furthermore, gene ontology analyses revealed pathways involved in response to viruses. The lack of significant differences associated with severity and long-COVID may be real or reflect limitations in sample size. Our findings support the involvement of interferon responsive genes in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and indicate a possible link to systemic autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsung Lee
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, P.O. box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Mette Istre
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Olaug Reiakvam
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne V L Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer R Harris
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, P.O. box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Astanand Jugessur
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, P.O. box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, P.O. box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tunheim G, Rø GØI, Chopra A, Aase A, Kran AMB, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Hungnes O. Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the Norwegian population, August 2021. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:1004-1013. [PMID: 35770841 PMCID: PMC9349429 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One year into the COVID‐19 pandemic, the cumulative number of confirmed COVID‐19 cases in Norway was still low. In January 2021, when the Norwegian COVID‐19 vaccination campaign started, the national seroprevalence estimate of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was 3.2%. We have conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional study in August 2021 to investigate the overall prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in Norway after 8 months of COVID‐19 mass vaccination and a third wave of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods Residual sera were collected from laboratories across Norway in August 2021. In IgG antibodies against the spike protein, the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) and the nucleocapsid protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 were measured by a bead‐based flow cytometric assay. Results In total, 1926 residual sera were collected from individuals aged 0–98 years; 55.1% were from women. The overall national estimated seroprevalence from vaccination and/or infection was 62.6% (credible interval [CrI] 60.1%–65.2%) based on having antibodies against both spike and RBD. Estimated seroprevalence increased with age. Among all samples, 11.7% had antibodies against nucleocapsid. For unvaccinated children <12 years, the seroprevalence estimate due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 12.5% (95% CrI 9.3%–16.1%). Of seropositive samples from the unvaccinated children, 31.9% lacked anti‐nucleocapsid antibodies. Conclusions The high overall SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence estimates are in line with Norwegian registry data. Vaccination, not infection, contributed the most to the high seroprevalence in August 2021. Lack of antibodies against nucleocapsid should not automatically be interpreted as absence of previous infection as this could lead to underestimation of COVID‐19 cases in seroprevalence studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gro Tunheim
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Audun Aase
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Marte Bakken Kran
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Olav Hungnes
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jyssum I, Tveter AT, Sexton J, Christensen IE, Tran TT, Mjaaland S, Warren DJ, Kvien TK, Bjørlykke KH, Kro GB, Jahnsen J, Munthe LA, Haavardsholm EA, Vaage JT, Grodeland G, Lund-Johansen F, Aarrestad Provan S, Jørgensen KK, Goll GL, Syversen SW. OP0192 SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE AND SAFETY OF A THREE-DOSE SARS-CoV-2 VACCINATION STRATEGY IN PATIENTS WITH IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES ON IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundPatients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on immunosuppressive therapy have an inadequate serologic response following two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and a standard vaccination strategy of three doses for this patient group is currently under implementation in several countries. However, the serological response and safety of this strategy has not been evaluated.ObjectivesTo assess serological response and safety of a three-dose vaccination strategy in IMID patients on immunosuppressive therapy as compared to standard two-dose vaccination of healthy controls.MethodsThe prospective observational Nor-vaC study (NCT04798625) enrolled adult patients on immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory joint- and bowel diseases. Healthy controls were health care workers from participating hospitals. All participants received standard vaccines according to the national vaccination program with three doses in patients and two doses in controls. The third dose was offered to IMID patients >4 weeks after the second dose. Analyses of antibodies binding the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein were performed prior to, and 2-4 weeks after the second and third vaccine doses. Levels were compared across groups by Mann-Whitney U tests and multivariate linear regression was used to identify predictors of response.ResultsOverall, 961 patients (315 rheumatoid arthritis, 156 spondyloarthritis, 171 psoriatic arthritis, 132 ulcerative colitis and182 Crohn’s disease) (median age 54 years [IQR 43-64]; 56 % women) and 227 controls (median age 44 years [IQR 32-55]; 83 % women) were included in the present analyses. TNFi monotherapy was used by 399 patients, 229 used TNFi in combination with other immunomodulators, 189 methotrexate monotherapy, 39 vedolizumab, 32 JAKi and 73 patients used other drugs. Patients on rituximab were not included. Patients were vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2 (54% patients, 14% controls), Moderna mRNA-1273 (16% patients, 40% controls) or a combination of vaccines (30% patients, 46% controls). Patients received the third vaccine dose a median of 120 (IQR 102-143) days after the second dose. After two doses, median anti-Spike antibody levels were significantly lower in patients (861 BAU/ml (IQR 418-4275) than controls (6318 BAU/ml (IQR 2468-9857)), p<0.001 (Figure 1). Following the third dose, patients achieved antibody levels comparable to the two-dose vaccinated controls (median 5480 BAU/ml (IQR 1081-12069), p=0.28) (Figure 1). In the patients anti-Spike antibody levels increased by a median of 2685 BAU/ml (IQR 265-9129) from the second to the third dose. Main factors associated with increased antibody level after the third dose were younger age (β -87.7 (p=0.002)), and vaccine status (mRNA-1273 vaccine (β 5549 (p<0.001)) or a combination of vaccines (β 4367.3 (p<0.001)).Adverse events were reported by 438 (48%) of patients after the third dose as compared to 471 (54%) after the second dose and 193 (78 %) of controls. Disease flares were reported by 42 (5%) and 69 (8%) patients after the second and third dose, respectively.ConclusionThis study suggests that a third vaccine dose for immunosuppressed patients closes the gap in serological response between patients and the healthy population. Antibody levels following the three-dose regimen in IMID patients were comparable to healthy controls vaccinated twice, and no new safety issues emerged. This finding was consistent across all diagnoses and treatment groups, supporting the implementation of a three-dose vaccine regimen as standard in the IMID population.Disclosure of InterestsIngrid Jyssum: None declared, Anne Therese Tveter: None declared, Joe Sexton: None declared, Ingrid E. Christensen: None declared, Trung T. Tran: None declared, Siri Mjaaland: None declared, David J Warren: None declared, Tore K. Kvien Speakers bureau: Amgen,Celltrion, Egis, Evapharma, Ewopharma, Hikma, Oktal, Sandoz, Sanofi, Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi, Grant/research support from: Grants to institution (Diakonhjemmet Hospital): Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Kristin Hammersbøen Bjørlykke: None declared, Grete B. Kro: None declared, Jørgen Jahnsen Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Astro Pharma, Boerhinger Ingelheim, BMS, Celltrion, Ferring, Gilead, Hikma, Janssen Cilag, Meda, MSD, NappPharma, Novartis, Orion Pharma Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Roche, Takeda, Sandoz, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boerhinger Ingelheim, BMS, Celltrion, Ferring, Gilead, Janssen Cilag MSD, Napp Pharma, Novartis, Orion Pharma, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Takeda, Sandoz, Unimedic Pharma, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Pharmacosmos, Ferring, Ludvig A. Munthe Speakers bureau: Novartis, Cellgene, Espen A Haavardsholm: None declared, John Torgils Vaage: None declared, Gunnveig Grodeland Speakers bureau: Bayer, Sanofi Pasteur, Thermo Fisher, Consultant of: Consulting fees from the Norwegian System of Compensation to Patients and AstraZeneca, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen: None declared, Sella Aarrestad Provan: None declared, Kristin Kaasen Jørgensen Speakers bureau: Roche, BMS, Consultant of: Celltrion, Norgine, Guro Løvik Goll Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, UCB, Sandoz, Orion Pharma, Novartis, Consultant of: Pfizer, AbbVie, Silje Watterdal Syversen: None declared
Collapse
|
30
|
Egeland Christensen I, Jyssum I, Tveter AT, Sexton J, Tran TT, Mjaaland S, Kro GB, Kvien TK, Worren D, Jahnsen J, Munthe LA, Haavardsholm E, Vaage JT, Grodeland G, Lund-Johansen F, Jørgensen KK, Syversen SW, Goll GL, Aarrestad Provan S. OP0176 THE PERSISTENCE OF ANTI-SPIKE ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING TWO SARS-CoV-2 VACCINES IN PATIENTS WITH IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES USING IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY, COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundLimited data is available regarding long-term effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on immunosuppressive therapy. Whether the persistence of vaccine-induced humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 differs between this patient population and the general public is currently unknown.ObjectivesTo compare the persistence of anti-Spike antibodies following two SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses between IMID patients using immunosuppressive medication and healthy controls and identify predictors of antibody decline.MethodsWe included patients with inflammatory joint- and bowel diseases on immunosuppressive medication and healthy controls enrolled in the prospective observational Nor-vaC study. Serum samples were collected at two time points following two dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (first assessment within 6–48 days and second within 49–123 days). Sera were analysed for antibodies binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Anti-RBD <200 BAU /ml were defined as low levels. The estimated percent reduction in anti-RBD standardised to 30 days was calculated and factors associated with reduction were identified in multivariable regression models.ResultsA total of 1097 patients (400 rheumatoid arthritis, 189 psoriatic arthritis, 189 spondyloarthritis, 129 ulcerative colitis, 190 Crohn´s disease) (median age 54 years [IQR 43–64]; 56% women) and 133 controls (median age 45 years [IQR 35–56]; 83% women) provided blood samples within the defined intervals (median 19 days [IQR 15–24] and 97 days [86–105] after second vaccine dose). Antibody levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls at both assessments, with median anti-RBD 1468 BAU/ml [IQR 500–5062] in patients and 5514 BAU/ml [2528–9580] in controls (p<0.0001) and 298 BAU/ml [IQR 79–500] in patients and 715 BAU/ml [28–2870] in controls (p<0.0001), at first and second assessment respectively. Figure 1 show antibody levels at both assessments after medication group. At the second assessment, anti-RBD antibody levels decreased below 200 BAU/ml in 452 (41%) patients and in 1 (0.8%) control (p<0.0001) (Table 1). The percentage change in anti-RBD levels were -86 % in patients and -77 % in controls (p<0.0001). The majority of patients using rituximab had low antibody levels at both assessments, Figure 1. In the multivariable regression analyses, patients had a greater decline in anti-RBD levels compared to controls β -3.7 (95% CI -6.0, -1.4) (p<0.001). Use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in mono- or combination therapy was associated with the greatest decline compared to controls, β -6.1 (95% CI -8.1, -4.1) and β -6.4 (-8.4, -4.2) respectively (p<0.001).Table 1.Serological response in patients and controlsControls (n=133)Patients (n=1097)Anti-RBD antibodies (BAU/ml)1stassessment2ndassessment1stassessment2ndassessment<5, n (%)0018 (1.6)54 (5)5-19, n (%)004 (0.4)60 (5)20-199, n (%)01 (1)40 (4)338 (31)200-1999, n (%)25 (19)89 (67)548 (50)558 (51)2000-8999, n (%)71 (53)40 (30)398 (36)82 (7.5)≥ 9000, n (%)37 (28)3 (2)89 (8)5 (0.5)1st assessment 6 - 48 days and 2nd assessment 49 -123 days after second vaccine dose. BAU= Binding antibody UnitsConclusionWithin four months after the second vaccine dose, anti-Spike antibody levels declined considerably in both IMID patients and controls. Patients had lower antibody levels at the first assessment and a more pronounced decline compared to controls, and were consequently more likely to have low antibody levels four months after the second vaccine dose. Our results support that IMID patients lose humoral protection and need additional vaccine doses sooner than healthy individuals.Disclosure of InterestsIngrid Egeland Christensen: None declared, Ingrid Jyssum: None declared, Anne Therese Tveter: None declared, Joe Sexton: None declared, Trung T. Tran: None declared, Siri Mjaaland: None declared, Grete B. Kro: None declared, Tore K. Kvien Speakers bureau: Amgen, Celltrion, Egis, Evapharma, Ewopharma, Hikma, Oktal, Sandoz, Sanofi, Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi, Grant/research support from: Grants to institution (Diakonhjemmet Hospital): Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, David Worren: None declared, Jørgen Jahnsen Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Astro Pharma, Boerhinger Ingelheim, BMS, Celltrion, Ferring, Gilead, Hikma, Janssen Cilag, Meda, MSD, Napp Pharma, Novartis, Orion Pharma Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Roche, Takeda, Sandoz, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boerhinger Ingelheim, BMS, Celltrion, Ferring, Gilead, Janssen Cilag MSD, Napp Pharma, Novartis, Orion Pharma, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Takeda, Sandoz, Unimedic Pharma, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Pharmacosmos, Ferring, Ludvig A. Munthe Speakers bureau: Novartis, Cellgene, Espen Haavardsholm: None declared, John Torgils Vaage: None declared, Gunnveig Grodeland Speakers bureau: Bayer, Sanofi Pasteur, Thermo Fisher, Consultant of: Consulting fees from the Norwegian System of Compensation to Patients and AstraZeneca, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen: None declared, Kristin Kaasen Jørgensen Speakers bureau: Roche, BMS, Consultant of: Celltrion, Norgine, Silje Watterdal Syversen: None declared, Guro Løvik Goll Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, UCB, Sandoz, Orion Pharma, Novartis, Consultant of: Pfizer, AbbVie, Sella Aarrestad Provan: None declared
Collapse
|
31
|
Bollineni RC, Tran TT, Lund-Johansen F, Olweus J. Chasing neoantigens; invite naïve T cells to the party. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 75:102172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
32
|
Riise J, Meyer S, Blaas I, Chopra A, Tran TT, Delic-Sarac M, Hestdalen ML, Brodin E, Rustad EH, Dai KZ, Vaage JT, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Sund F, Wader KF, Bjornevik AT, Meyer PA, Nygaard GO, König M, Smeland S, Lund-Johansen F, Olweus J, Kolstad A. Rituximab-treated lymphoma patients develop strong CD8 T-cell responses following COVID-19 vaccination. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:697-708. [PMID: 35254660 PMCID: PMC9111866 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
B‐cell depletion induced by anti‐cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy of patients with lymphoma is expected to impair humoral responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination, but effects on CD8 T‐cell responses are unknown. Here, we investigated humoral and CD8 T‐cell responses following two vaccinations in patients with lymphoma undergoing anti‐CD20‐mAb therapy as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy or other anti‐neoplastic agents during the last 9 months prior to inclusion, and in healthy age‐matched blood donors. Antibody measurements showed that seven of 110 patients had antibodies to the receptor‐binding domain of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein 3–6 weeks after the second dose of vaccination. Peripheral blood CD8 T‐cell responses against prevalent human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I SARS‐CoV‐2 epitopes were determined by peptide‐HLA multimer analysis. Strong CD8 T‐cell responses were observed in samples from 20/29 patients (69%) and 12/16 (75%) controls, with similar median response magnitudes in the groups and some of the strongest responses observed in patients. We conclude that despite the absence of humoral immune responses in fully SARS‐CoV‐2‐vaccinated, anti‐CD20‐treated patients with lymphoma, their CD8 T‐cell responses reach similar frequencies and magnitudes as for controls. Patients with lymphoma on B‐cell depleting therapies are thus likely to benefit from current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines, and development of vaccines aimed at eliciting T‐cell responses to non‐Spike epitopes might provide improved protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Riise
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saskia Meyer
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isaac Blaas
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung T Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Delic-Sarac
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malu Lian Hestdalen
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ellen Brodin
- Hematological Research Group, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Even Holth Rustad
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Hematological Research Group, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ke-Zheng Dai
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Fredrik Sund
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karin F Wader
- Department of Oncology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne T Bjornevik
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter A Meyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gro O Nygaard
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marton König
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Smeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Kolstad
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
König M, Torgauten HM, Tran TT, Holmøy T, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Nygaard GO. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Third SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dose in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Weak Immune Response After COVID-19 Vaccination. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:307-309. [PMID: 35072702 PMCID: PMC8787678 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
This cohort study investigates the immunogenicity and safety of a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in patients with multiple sclerosis who had a weak immune response to COVID-19 vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marton König
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Marie Torgauten
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - The Trung Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Holmøy
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jyssum I, Kared H, Tran TT, Tveter AT, Provan SA, Sexton J, Jørgensen KK, Jahnsen J, Kro GB, Warren DJ, Vaage EB, Kvien TK, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Anderson AM, Grødeland G, Haavardsholm EA, Vaage JT, Mjaaland S, Syversen SW, Lund-Johansen F, Munthe LA, Goll GL. Humoral and cellular immune responses to two and three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in rituximab-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective, cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2022; 4:e177-e187. [PMID: 34977602 PMCID: PMC8700278 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rituximab-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis, humoral and cellular immune responses after two or three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are not well characterised. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. METHODS This prospective, cohort study (Nor-vaC) was done at two hospitals in Norway. For this sub-study, we enrolled patients with rheumatoid arthritis on rituximab treatment and healthy controls who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to the Norwegian national vaccination programme. Patients with insufficient serological responses to two doses (antibody to the receptor-binding domain [RBD] of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein concentration <100 arbitrary units [AU]/mL) were allotted a third vaccine dose. Antibodies to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured in serum 2-4 weeks after the second and third doses. Vaccine-elicited T-cell responses were assessed in vitro using blood samples taken before and 7-10 days after the second dose and 3 weeks after the third dose from a subset of patients by stimulating cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells with spike protein peptides. The main outcomes were the proportions of participants with serological responses (anti-RBD antibody concentrations of ≥70 AU/mL) and T-cell responses to spike peptides following two and three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04798625, and is ongoing. FINDINGS Between Feb 9, 2021, and May 27, 2021, 90 patients were enrolled, 87 of whom donated serum and were included in our analyses (69 [79·3%] women and 18 [20·7%] men). 1114 healthy controls were included (854 [76·7%] women and 260 [23·3%] men). 49 patients were allotted a third vaccine dose. 19 (21·8%) of 87 patients, compared with 1096 (98·4%) of 1114 healthy controls, had a serological response after two doses (p<0·0001). Time since last rituximab infusion (median 267 days [IQR 222-324] in responders vs 107 days [80-152] in non-responders) and vaccine type (mRNA-1273 vs BNT162b2) were significantly associated with serological response (adjusting for age and sex). After two doses, 10 (53%) of 19 patients had CD4+ T-cell responses and 14 (74%) had CD8+ T-cell responses. A third vaccine dose induced serological responses in eight (16·3%) of 49 patients, but induced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in all patients assessed (n=12), including responses to the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B.1.617.2). Adverse events were reported in 32 (48%) of 67 patients and in 191 (78%) of 244 healthy controls after two doses, with the frequency not increasing after the third dose. There were no serious adverse events or deaths. INTERPRETATION This study provides important insight into the divergent humoral and cellular responses to two and three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in rituximab-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A third vaccine dose given 6-9 months after a rituximab infusion might not induce a serological response, but could be considered to boost the cellular immune response. FUNDING The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Research Council of Norway Covid, the KG Jebsen Foundation, Oslo University Hospital, the University of Oslo, the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Dr Trygve Gythfeldt og frues forskningsfond, the Karin Fossum Foundation, and the Research Foundation at Diakonhjemmet Hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Jyssum
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung T Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne T Tveter
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin K Jørgensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Grete B Kro
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David J Warren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline B Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ane Marie Anderson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen A Haavardsholm
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kåsine T, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Barratt-Due A, Kildal AB, Olsen IC, Nezvalova-Henriksen K, Lund-Johansen F, Hoel H, Holten AR, Tveita A, Mathiessen A, Haugli M, Eiken R, Berg Å, Johannessen A, Heggelund L, Dahl TB, Halvorsen B, Mielnik P, Le LAK, Thoresen L, Ernst G, Hoff DAL, Skudal H, Kittang BR, Olsen RB, Tholin B, Ystrøm CM, Skei NV, Hannula R, Dalgard O, Finbråten AK, Tonby K, Aballi S, Müller F, Mohn KGI, Trøseid M, Aukrust P, Ueland T. Neutrophil count predicts clinical outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Results from the NOR-Solidarity trial. J Intern Med 2022; 291:241-243. [PMID: 34411368 PMCID: PMC8447398 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trine Kåsine
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Benjamin Kildal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Hedda Hoel
- Medical Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anders Tveita
- Department of Medicine, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | | | - Mette Haugli
- Infectious Disease Department, Sørlandet Hospital SSK, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - Åse Berg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Asgeir Johannessen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Medicine, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | | | - Bente Halvorsen
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pawel Mielnik
- Department for Neurology, Rheumatology and Physical Medicine, Førde Central Hospital, Førde, Norway
| | - Lan Ai Kieu Le
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Lars Thoresen
- Department of Medicine, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Gernot Ernst
- Department of Medicine, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Dag Arne Lihaug Hoff
- Department of Medicine, Ålesund Hospital, Møre & Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Hilde Skudal
- Division of infectious Diseases, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | | | - Roy Bjørkholt Olsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sorlandet Hospital Arendal, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Birgitte Tholin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molde Hospital, Møre & Romsdal Hospital Trust, Molde, Norway
| | | | - Nina Vibeche Skei
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Raisa Hannula
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Dalgard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Kristian Tonby
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saad Aballi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Østfold Hospital Kalnes, Grålum, Norway
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marius Trøseid
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | -
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Akbar R, Bashour H, Rawat P, Robert PA, Smorodina E, Cotet TS, Flem-Karlsen K, Frank R, Mehta BB, Vu MH, Zengin T, Gutierrez-Marcos J, Lund-Johansen F, Andersen JT, Greiff V. Progress and challenges for the machine learning-based design of fit-for-purpose monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2022; 14:2008790. [PMID: 35293269 PMCID: PMC8928824 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2008790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the therapeutic efficacy and commercial success of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are tremendous, the design and discovery of new candidates remain a time and cost-intensive endeavor. In this regard, progress in the generation of data describing antigen binding and developability, computational methodology, and artificial intelligence may pave the way for a new era of in silico on-demand immunotherapeutics design and discovery. Here, we argue that the main necessary machine learning (ML) components for an in silico mAb sequence generator are: understanding of the rules of mAb-antigen binding, capacity to modularly combine mAb design parameters, and algorithms for unconstrained parameter-driven in silico mAb sequence synthesis. We review the current progress toward the realization of these necessary components and discuss the challenges that must be overcome to allow the on-demand ML-based discovery and design of fit-for-purpose mAb therapeutic candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmad Akbar
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Habib Bashour
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Puneet Rawat
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Philippe A. Robert
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Smorodina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | | | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Robert Frank
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai Ha Vu
- Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Talip Zengin
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey
| | | | | | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Akbar R, Robert PA, Weber CR, Widrich M, Frank R, Pavlović M, Scheffer L, Chernigovskaya M, Snapkov I, Slabodkin A, Mehta BB, Miho E, Lund-Johansen F, Andersen JT, Hochreiter S, Hobæk Haff I, Klambauer G, Sandve GK, Greiff V. In silico proof of principle of machine learning-based antibody design at unconstrained scale. MAbs 2022; 14:2031482. [PMID: 35377271 PMCID: PMC8986205 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2031482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Generative machine learning (ML) has been postulated to become a major driver in the computational design of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb). However, efforts to confirm this hypothesis have been hindered by the infeasibility of testing arbitrarily large numbers of antibody sequences for their most critical design parameters: paratope, epitope, affinity, and developability. To address this challenge, we leveraged a lattice-based antibody-antigen binding simulation framework, which incorporates a wide range of physiological antibody-binding parameters. The simulation framework enables the computation of synthetic antibody-antigen 3D-structures, and it functions as an oracle for unrestricted prospective evaluation and benchmarking of antibody design parameters of ML-generated antibody sequences. We found that a deep generative model, trained exclusively on antibody sequence (one dimensional: 1D) data can be used to design conformational (three dimensional: 3D) epitope-specific antibodies, matching, or exceeding the training dataset in affinity and developability parameter value variety. Furthermore, we established a lower threshold of sequence diversity necessary for high-accuracy generative antibody ML and demonstrated that this lower threshold also holds on experimental real-world data. Finally, we show that transfer learning enables the generation of high-affinity antibody sequences from low-N training data. Our work establishes a priori feasibility and the theoretical foundation of high-throughput ML-based mAb design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmad Akbar
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe A Robert
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Cédric R Weber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Widrich
- Ellis Unit Linz and Lit Ai Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Robert Frank
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Maria Chernigovskaya
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Igor Snapkov
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrei Slabodkin
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sepp Hochreiter
- Ellis Unit Linz and Lit Ai Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.,Institute of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence (IARAI), Austria
| | | | - Günter Klambauer
- Ellis Unit Linz and Lit Ai Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Martinez-Val A, Bekker-Jensen DB, Steigerwald S, Koenig C, Østergaard O, Mehta A, Tran T, Sikorski K, Torres-Vega E, Kwasniewicz E, Brynjólfsdóttir SH, Frankel LB, Kjøbsted R, Krogh N, Lundby A, Bekker-Jensen S, Lund-Johansen F, Olsen JV. Spatial-proteomics reveals phospho-signaling dynamics at subcellular resolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7113. [PMID: 34876567 PMCID: PMC8651693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic change in subcellular localization of signaling proteins is a general concept that eukaryotic cells evolved for eliciting a coordinated response to stimuli. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in combination with subcellular fractionation can provide comprehensive maps of spatio-temporal regulation of protein networks in cells, but involves laborious workflows that does not cover the phospho-proteome level. Here we present a high-throughput workflow based on sequential cell fractionation to profile the global proteome and phospho-proteome dynamics across six distinct subcellular fractions. We benchmark the workflow by studying spatio-temporal EGFR phospho-signaling dynamics in vitro in HeLa cells and in vivo in mouse tissues. Finally, we investigate the spatio-temporal stress signaling, revealing cellular relocation of ribosomal proteins in response to hypertonicity and muscle contraction. Proteomics data generated in this study can be explored through https://SpatialProteoDynamics.github.io .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martinez-Val
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte B Bekker-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Evosep Systems, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sophia Steigerwald
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Claire Koenig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Østergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adi Mehta
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krzysztof Sikorski
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Estefanía Torres-Vega
- Cardiac Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Kwasniewicz
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lisa B Frankel
- Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cardiac Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Helsingen LM, Løberg M, Refsum E, Gjøstein DK, Wieszczy P, Olsvik Ø, Juul FE, Barua I, Jodal HC, Herfindal M, Mori Y, Jore S, Lund-Johansen F, Fretheim A, Bretthauer M, Kalager M. Covid-19 transmission in fitness centers in Norway - a randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2103. [PMID: 34789188 PMCID: PMC8595959 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Closed fitness centers during the Covid-19 pandemic may negatively impact health and wellbeing. We assessed whether training at fitness centers increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. METHODS In a two-group parallel randomized controlled trial, fitness center members aged 18 to 64 without Covid-19-relevant comorbidities, were randomized to access to training at a fitness center or no-access. Fitness centers applied physical distancing (1 m for floor exercise, 2 m for high-intensity classes) and enhanced hand and surface hygiene. Primary outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 RNA status by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after 14 days, hospital admission after 21 days. The secondary endpoint was SARS-CoV-2 antibody status after 1 month. RESULTS 3764 individuals were randomized; 1896 to the training arm and 1868 to the no-training arm. In the training arm, 81.8% trained at least once, and 38.5% trained ≥six times. Of 3016 individuals who returned the SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests (80.5%), there was one positive test in the training arm, and none in the no-training arm (risk difference 0.053%; 95% CI - 0.050 to 0.156%; p = 0.32). Eleven individuals in the training arm (0.8% of tested) and 27 in the no-training arm (2.4% of tested) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (risk difference - 0.87%; 95%CI - 1.52% to - 0.23%; p = 0.001). No outpatient visits or hospital admissions due to Covid-19 occurred in either arm. CONCLUSION Provided good hygiene and physical distancing measures and low population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there was no increased infection risk of SARS-CoV-2 in fitness centers in Oslo, Norway for individuals without Covid-19-relevant comorbidities. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on May 13, 2020. Due to administrative issues it was first posted on the register website on May 29, 2020: NCT04406909 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise M. Helsingen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Løberg
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erle Refsum
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dagrun Kyte Gjøstein
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paulina Wieszczy
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ørjan Olsvik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Frederik E. Juul
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ishita Barua
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette C. Jodal
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnhild Herfindal
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuichi Mori
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Jore
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atle Fretheim
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Bretthauer
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Kalager
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tunheim G, Rø GØI, Tran T, Kran AMB, Andersen JT, Vaage EB, Kolderup A, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Hungnes O. Trends in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and infection fatality rate in the Norwegian population through the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 16:204-212. [PMID: 34751488 PMCID: PMC8652705 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 induces antibodies that can be used as a proxy for COVID‐19. We present a repeated nationwide cross‐sectional study assessing the seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2, the infection fatality rate (IFR), and infection hospitalization rate (IHR) during the first year of the pandemic in Norway. Methods Residual serum samples were solicited in April/May 2020 (Round 1), in July/August 2020 (Round 2) and in January 2021 (Round 3). Antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 were measured using a flow cytometer‐based assay. Aggregate data on confirmed cases, COVID‐19‐associated deaths and hospitalizations were obtained from the Emergency preparedness registry for COVID‐19 (Beredt C19), and the seroprevalence estimates were used to estimate IFR and IHR. Results Antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 were measured in 4840 samples. The estimated seroprevalence increased from 0.8% (95% credible interval [CrI] 0.4%–1.3%) after the first wave of the pandemic (Rounds 1 and 2 combined) to 3.2% (95% CrI 2.3%–4.2%) (Round 3). The IFR and IHR were higher in the first wave than in the second wave and increased with age. The IFR was 0.2% (95% CrI 0.1%–0.3%), and IHR was 0.9% (95% CrI 0.6%–1.5%) for the second wave. Conclusions The seroprevalence estimates show a cumulative increase of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections over time in the Norwegian population and suggest some under‐recording of confirmed cases. The IFR and IHR were low, corresponding to the relatively low number of COVID‐19‐associated deaths and hospitalizations in Norway. Most of the Norwegian population was still susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection after the first year of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gro Tunheim
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Trung Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline Benno Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Kolderup
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,ImmunoLingo Convergence Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Hungnes
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barratt-Due A, Olsen IC, Nezvalova-Henriksen K, Kåsine T, Lund-Johansen F, Hoel H, Holten AR, Tveita A, Mathiessen A, Haugli M, Eiken R, Kildal AB, Berg Å, Johannessen A, Heggelund L, Dahl TB, Skåra KH, Mielnik P, Le LAK, Thoresen L, Ernst G, Hoff DAL, Skudal H, Kittang BR, Olsen RB, Tholin B, Ystrøm CM, Skei NV, Tran T, Dudman S, Andersen JT, Hannula R, Dalgard O, Finbråten AK, Tonby K, Blomberg B, Aballi S, Fladeby C, Steffensen A, Müller F, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Trøseid M, Aukrust P. Evaluation of the Effects of Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine on Viral Clearance in COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174:1261-1269. [PMID: 34251903 PMCID: PMC8279143 DOI: 10.7326/m21-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New treatment modalities are urgently needed for patients with COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) Solidarity trial showed no effect of remdesivir or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on mortality, but the antiviral effects of these drugs are not known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of remdesivir and HCQ on all-cause, in-hospital mortality; the degree of respiratory failure and inflammation; and viral clearance in the oropharynx. DESIGN NOR-Solidarity is an independent, add-on, randomized controlled trial to the WHO Solidarity trial that included biobanking and 3 months of clinical follow-up (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04321616). SETTING 23 hospitals in Norway. PATIENTS Eligible patients were adults hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. INTERVENTION Between 28 March and 4 October 2020, a total of 185 patients were randomly assigned and 181 were included in the full analysis set. Patients received remdesivir (n = 42), HCQ (n = 52), or standard of care (SoC) (n = 87). MEASUREMENTS In addition to the primary end point of WHO Solidarity, study-specific outcomes were viral clearance in oropharyngeal specimens, the degree of respiratory failure, and inflammatory variables. RESULTS No significant differences were seen between treatment groups in mortality during hospitalization. There was a marked decrease in SARS-CoV-2 load in the oropharynx during the first week overall, with similar decreases and 10-day viral loads among the remdesivir, HCQ, and SoC groups. Remdesivir and HCQ did not affect the degree of respiratory failure or inflammatory variables in plasma or serum. The lack of antiviral effect was not associated with symptom duration, level of viral load, degree of inflammation, or presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at hospital admittance. LIMITATION The trial had no placebo group. CONCLUSION Neither remdesivir nor HCQ affected viral clearance in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Clinical Therapy Research in the Specialist Health Services, Norway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Trine Kåsine
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.B., I.C.O., T.K., T.T., C.F.)
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Oslo University Hospital and ImmunoLingo Convergence Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (F.L.)
| | - Hedda Hoel
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, and Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway (H.H.)
| | - Aleksander Rygh Holten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.R.H., S.D., J.T.A., K.T., A.S., F.M., A.M.D., M.T.)
| | - Anders Tveita
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway (A.T.)
| | | | - Mette Haugli
- Sørlandet Hospital SSK, Kristiansand, Norway (M.H.)
| | | | | | - Åse Berg
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway (Å.B.)
| | - Asgeir Johannessen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, and Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway (A.J.)
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, and University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (L.H.)
| | - Tuva Børresdatter Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (T.B.D., K.H.S.)
| | - Karoline Hansen Skåra
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (T.B.D., K.H.S.)
| | | | | | - Lars Thoresen
- Ringerike Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Ringerike, Norway (L.T.)
| | - Gernot Ernst
- Kongsberg Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway (G.E.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Birgitte Tholin
- Molde Hospital, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Molde, Norway (B.T.)
| | | | - Nina Vibeche Skei
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway (N.V.S.)
| | - Trung Tran
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.B., I.C.O., T.K., T.T., C.F.)
| | - Susanne Dudman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.R.H., S.D., J.T.A., K.T., A.S., F.M., A.M.D., M.T.)
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.R.H., S.D., J.T.A., K.T., A.S., F.M., A.M.D., M.T.)
| | - Raisa Hannula
- Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (R.H.)
| | - Olav Dalgard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway (O.D.)
| | | | - Kristian Tonby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.R.H., S.D., J.T.A., K.T., A.S., F.M., A.M.D., M.T.)
| | - Bjorn Blomberg
- Haukeland University Hospital and University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (B.B.)
| | - Saad Aballi
- Østfold Hospital Kalnes, Grålum, Norway (S.A.)
| | - Cathrine Fladeby
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.B., I.C.O., T.K., T.T., C.F.)
| | - Anne Steffensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.R.H., S.D., J.T.A., K.T., A.S., F.M., A.M.D., M.T.)
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.R.H., S.D., J.T.A., K.T., A.S., F.M., A.M.D., M.T.)
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.R.H., S.D., J.T.A., K.T., A.S., F.M., A.M.D., M.T.)
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.R.H., S.D., J.T.A., K.T., A.S., F.M., A.M.D., M.T.)
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (P.A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trung Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adi Mehta
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schultz NH, Sørvoll IH, Michelsen AE, Munthe LA, Lund-Johansen F, Ahlen MT, Wiedmann M, Aamodt AH, Skattør TH, Tjønnfjord GE, Holme PA. Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:2124-2130. [PMID: 33835768 PMCID: PMC8112568 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 999] [Impact Index Per Article: 333.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report findings in five patients who presented with venous thrombosis and thrombocytopenia 7 to 10 days after receiving the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 adenoviral vector vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). The patients were health care workers who were 32 to 54 years of age. All the patients had high levels of antibodies to platelet factor 4-polyanion complexes; however, they had had no previous exposure to heparin. Because the five cases occurred in a population of more than 130,000 vaccinated persons, we propose that they represent a rare vaccine-related variant of spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia that we refer to as vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Schultz
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Ingvild H Sørvoll
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Maria T Ahlen
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Markus Wiedmann
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Anne-Hege Aamodt
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Thor H Skattør
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| | - Pål A Holme
- From the Departments of Hematology (N.H.S., G.E.T., P.A.H.), Immunology (L.A.M., F.L.-J.), Neurosurgery (M.W.), Neurology (A.-H.A.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), and the Research Institute of Internal Medicine (N.H.S., A.E.M., P.A.H.), Oslo University Hospital, and the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.M., G.E.T., P.A.H.), the KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancy (L.A.M., G.E.T.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, and the ImmunoLingo Convergence Center (F.L.-J.), University of Oslo, the Department of Hematology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (N.H.S.), and the Norwegian National Unit for Platelet Immunology, Division of Diagnostics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (I.H.S., M.T.A.) - all in Norway
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Akbar R, Robert PA, Pavlović M, Jeliazkov JR, Snapkov I, Slabodkin A, Weber CR, Scheffer L, Miho E, Haff IH, Haug DTT, Lund-Johansen F, Safonova Y, Sandve GK, Greiff V. A compact vocabulary of paratope-epitope interactions enables predictability of antibody-antigen binding. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108856. [PMID: 33730590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-antigen binding relies on the specific interaction of amino acids at the paratope-epitope interface. The predictability of antibody-antigen binding is a prerequisite for de novo antibody and (neo-)epitope design. A fundamental premise for the predictability of antibody-antigen binding is the existence of paratope-epitope interaction motifs that are universally shared among antibody-antigen structures. In a dataset of non-redundant antibody-antigen structures, we identify structural interaction motifs, which together compose a commonly shared structure-based vocabulary of paratope-epitope interactions. We show that this vocabulary enables the machine learnability of antibody-antigen binding on the paratope-epitope level using generative machine learning. The vocabulary (1) is compact, less than 104 motifs; (2) distinct from non-immune protein-protein interactions; and (3) mediates specific oligo- and polyreactive interactions between paratope-epitope pairs. Our work leverages combined structure- and sequence-based learning to demonstrate that machine-learning-driven predictive paratope and epitope engineering is feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmad Akbar
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Milena Pavlović
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Igor Snapkov
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Cédric R Weber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lonneke Scheffer
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Yana Safonova
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Geir K Sandve
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Holter JC, Pischke SE, de Boer E, Lind A, Jenum S, Holten AR, Tonby K, Barratt-Due A, Sokolova M, Schjalm C, Chaban V, Kolderup A, Tran T, Tollefsrud Gjølberg T, Skeie LG, Hesstvedt L, Ormåsen V, Fevang B, Austad C, Müller KE, Fladeby C, Holberg-Petersen M, Halvorsen B, Müller F, Aukrust P, Dudman S, Ueland T, Andersen JT, Lund-Johansen F, Heggelund L, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Mollnes TE. Systemic complement activation is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25018-25025. [PMID: 32943538 PMCID: PMC7547220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010540117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory failure in the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is hypothesized to be driven by an overreacting innate immune response, where the complement system is a key player. In this prospective cohort study of 39 hospitalized coronavirus disease COVID-19 patients, we describe systemic complement activation and its association with development of respiratory failure. Clinical data and biological samples were obtained at admission, days 3 to 5, and days 7 to 10. Respiratory failure was defined as PO2/FiO2 ratio of ≤40 kPa. Complement activation products covering the classical/lectin (C4d), alternative (C3bBbP) and common pathway (C3bc, C5a, and sC5b-9), the lectin pathway recognition molecule MBL, and antibody serology were analyzed by enzyme-immunoassays; viral load by PCR. Controls comprised healthy blood donors. Consistently increased systemic complement activation was observed in the majority of COVID-19 patients during hospital stay. At admission, sC5b-9 and C4d were significantly higher in patients with than without respiratory failure (P = 0.008 and P = 0.034). Logistic regression showed increasing odds of respiratory failure with sC5b-9 (odds ratio 31.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 746, P = 0.03) and need for oxygen therapy with C4d (11.7, 1.1 to 130, P = 0.045). Admission sC5b-9 and C4d correlated significantly to ferritin (r = 0.64, P < 0.001; r = 0.69, P < 0.001). C4d, sC5b-9, and C5a correlated with antiviral antibodies, but not with viral load. Systemic complement activation is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients and provides a rationale for investigating complement inhibitors in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Holter
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Soeren E Pischke
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway;
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline de Boer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Jenum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksander R Holten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Sokolova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Schjalm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktoriia Chaban
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Kolderup
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif Tollefsrud Gjølberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda G Skeie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Hesstvedt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Ormåsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Austad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
| | - Karl Erik Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Cathrine Fladeby
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Susanne Dudman
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Centre, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Bodø, 8092 Bodø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Voskuil JL, Bandrowski A, Begley CG, Bradbury AR, Chalmers AD, Gomes AV, Hardcastle T, Lund-Johansen F, Plückthun A, Roncador G, Solache A, Taussig MJ, Trimmer JS, Williams C, Goodman SL. The Antibody Society's antibody validation webinar series. MAbs 2020; 12:1794421. [PMID: 32748696 PMCID: PMC7531563 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1794421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the reproducibility crisis and numerous discussions on how commercially available antibodies as research tool contribute to it, The Antibody Society developed a series of 10 webinars to address the issues involved. The webinars were delivered by speakers with both academic and commercial backgrounds. This report highlights the problems, and offers solutions to help the scientific community appropriately identify the right antibodies and to validate them for their research and development projects. Despite the various solutions proposed here, they must be applied on a case-by-case basis. Each antibody must be verified based on the content of the product sheet, and subsequently through experimentation to confirm integrity, specificity and selectivity. Verification needs to focus on the precise application and tissue/cell type for which the antibody will be used, and all verification data must be reported openly. The various approaches discussed here all have caveats, so a combination of solutions must be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Bandrowski
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew D. Chalmers
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- CiteAb, Bath, UK
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department. of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibody Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Solache
- Abcam Plc, Discovery Drive, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - James S. Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
de la Rosa Carrillo D, Sikorski K, Khnykin D, Wu W, Lund-Johansen F. High-resolution antibody array analysis of proteins from primary human keratinocytes and leukocytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209271. [PMID: 30589857 PMCID: PMC6307719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody array analysis of labeled proteomes has high throughput and is simple to perform, but validation remains challenging. Here, we used differential detergent fractionation and size exclusion chromatography in sequence for high-resolution separation of biotinylated proteins from human primary keratinocytes and leukocytes. Ninety-six sample fractions from each cell type were analyzed with microsphere-based antibody arrays and flow cytometry (microsphere affinity proteomics; MAP). Monomeric proteins and multi-molecular complexes in the cytosol, cytoplasmic organelles, membranes and nuclei were resolved as discrete peaks of antibody reactivity across the fractions. The fractionation also provided a two-dimensional matrix for assessment of specificity. Thus, antibody reactivity peaks were considered to represent specific binding if the position in the matrix was in agreement with published information about i) subcellular location, ii) size of the intended target, and iii) cell type-dependent variation in protein expression. Similarities in the reactivity patterns of either different antibodies to the same protein or antibodies to similar proteins were used as additional supporting evidence. This approach provided validation of several hundred proteins and identification of monomeric proteins and protein complexes. High-resolution MAP solves many of the problems associated with obtaining specificity with immobilized antibodies and a protein label. Thus, laboratories with access to chromatography and flow cytometry can perform large-scale protein analysis on a daily basis. This opens new possibilities for cell biology research in dermatology and validation of antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de la Rosa Carrillo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Krzysztof Sikorski
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sikorski K, Mehta A, Inngjerdingen M, Thakor F, Kling S, Kalina T, Nyman TA, Stensland ME, Zhou W, de Souza GA, Holden L, Stuchly J, Templin M, Lund-Johansen F. A high-throughput pipeline for validation of antibodies. Nat Methods 2018; 15:909-912. [PMID: 30377371 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Western blotting (WB) is widely used to test antibody specificity, but the assay has low throughput and precision. Here we used preparative gel electrophoresis to develop a capture format for WB. Fractions with soluble, size-separated proteins facilitated parallel readout with antibody arrays, shotgun mass spectrometry (MS) and immunoprecipitation followed by MS (IP-MS). This pipeline provided the means for large-scale implementation of antibody validation concepts proposed by an international working group on antibody validation (IWGAV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sikorski
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adi Mehta
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Flourina Thakor
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Kling
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Tomas Kalina
- CLIP-Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Ekman Stensland
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Zhou
- SeekQuence, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo A de Souza
- The Brain Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Jan Stuchly
- CLIP-Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- K G Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fox BA, Boulmay BC, Li R, Happel KT, Paustian C, Moudgil TL, Puri S, Dubay C, Koguchi Y, Mehta A, Lund-Johansen F, Fisher BK, Redmond WL, Bifulco CB, Ochoa A, Hu HM, Hilton T, Urba WJ, Sanborn RE. T cell population expansion in response to allogeneic cancer vaccine alone (DPV-001) or with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or imiquimod (I) for definitively-treated stage III NSCLC patients (pts). J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14639 Background: The DPV-001 DRibble is a dendritic cell-targeted microvesicle (proteasome blocked autophagosome) vaccine derived from an adenocarcinoma and a mixed histology cell line. It contains multiple TLR agonists and > 130 potential NSCLC antigens, many as prospective altered-peptide ligands. In preclinical studies, DRibble immunotherapy provided significant anti-cancer effects in a dozen models. We hypothesize that DRibble’ vaccination efficacy can be attributed to their capacity to present tumor-derived short-lived proteins (SLiPs) and defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) that are typically not processed and presented by professional antigen presenting cells and against which the host may be less tolerant. Methods: Pts received induction cyclophosphamide, 7 vaccines every 3-weeks, then every 6 weeks x 4 more doses. Pts were randomized to receive DRibble alone (A), or with I (B) or GM-CSF (C). PBMCs /serum were collected at baseline and at each vaccination to assess changes in antibodies (Ab) (ProtoArray and microsphere affinity proteomics), peripheral lymphocyte populations (flow cytometry) and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires (Adaptive immunoSEQ). Results: 13 pts were enrolled (Arm A: 5; B: 4; C: 4). We previously reported that vaccination induced or increased IgG Ab responses against targets over-expressed by NSCLC. Patients receiving DPV-001 had a significant (p < 0.04) increase in total (CD4 + CD8) TCRs that increased 10 fold over baseline compared to normal controls (independent from trial, n = 3) and the increase in CD4 clones was similar to that seen following ipilimumab (melanoma pts, independent from trial, n = 9). Analysis of a resected metastasis (progressing on treatment), identified brisk infiltration of T cells and tumor that was strongly PD-L1+. Conclusions: Vaccination with DPV-001 expanded populations of T cells over that observed in controls and the increase in CD4 T cells was similar to that observed in patients receiving ipilimumab and may represent vaccine-reactive T cells. Clinical Trial Identifier: NCT01909752, Support: R44 CA121612 Clinical trial information: NCT01909752.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A. Fox
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | | | - Rui Li
- Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | | | | | - Tarsem Lal Moudgil
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | - Sachin Puri
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | - Christopher Dubay
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | - Yoshinobu Koguchi
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | - Adi Mehta
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Bruno Bifulco
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | | | - Hong-Ming Hu
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | | | - Walter John Urba
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | - Rachel E. Sanborn
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| |
Collapse
|