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Tang Y, Ebadi M, Lei J, Feng Z, Fakhari S, Wu P, Smith MD, Limberis MP, Kolbeck R, Excoffon KJ, Yan Z, Engelhardt JF. Durable transgene expression and efficient re-administration after rAAV2.5T-mediated fCFTRΔR gene delivery to adult ferret lungs. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101244. [PMID: 38638546 PMCID: PMC11024656 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The dosing interval for effective recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene therapy of cystic fibrosis lung disease remains unknown. Here, we assessed the durability of rAAV2.5T-fCFTRΔR-mediated transgene expression and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses in lungs of adult wild-type ferrets. Within the first 3 months following rAAV2.5T-fCFTRΔR delivery to the lung, CFTRΔR transgene expression declined ∼5.6-fold and then remained stable to 5 months at ∼26% the level of endogenous CFTR. rAAV NAbs in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) peaked at 21 days, coinciding with peak ELISpot T cell responses to AAV capsid peptides, after which both responses declined and remained stable at 4-5 months post dosing. Administration of reporter vector rAAV2.5T-gLuc (gaussia luciferase) at 5 months following rAAV2.5T-fCFTRΔR dosing gave rise to similar levels of gLuc expression in the BALF as observed in age-matched reporter-only controls, demonstrating that residual BALF NAbs were functionally insignificant. Notably, the second vector administration led to a 2.6-fold greater ELISpot T cell response and ∼2.3-fold decline in fCFTRΔR mRNA and vector genomes derived from the initial rAAV2.5T-fCFTRΔR administration, suggesting selective destruction of transduced cells from the first vector dose. These findings provide insights into humoral and cellular immune response to rAAV that may be useful for optimizing gene therapy to the cystic fibrosis lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Ebadi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Junying Lei
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zehua Feng
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shahab Fakhari
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Peipei Wu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Schmit SL, Tsai YY, Bonner JD, Sanz-Pamplona R, Joshi AD, Ugai T, Lindsey SS, Melas M, McDonnell KJ, Idos GE, Walker CP, Qu C, Kast WM, Da Silva DM, Glickman JN, Chan AT, Giannakis M, Nowak JA, Rennert HS, Robins HS, Ogino S, Greenson JK, Moreno V, Rennert G, Gruber SB. Germline genetic regulation of the colorectal tumor immune microenvironment. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:409. [PMID: 38664626 PMCID: PMC11046907 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of germline genetics to regulating the briskness and diversity of T cell responses in CRC, we conducted a genome-wide association study to examine the associations between germline genetic variation and quantitative measures of T cell landscapes in 2,876 colorectal tumors from participants in the Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Study (MECC). METHODS Germline DNA samples were genotyped and imputed using genome-wide arrays. Tumor DNA samples were extracted from paraffin blocks, and T cell receptor clonality and abundance were quantified by immunoSEQ (Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA). Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes per high powered field (TILs/hpf) were scored by a gastrointestinal pathologist. Regression models were used to evaluate the associations between each variant and the three T-cell features, adjusting for sex, age, genotyping platform, and global ancestry. Three independent datasets were used for replication. RESULTS We identified a SNP (rs4918567) near RBM20 associated with clonality at a genome-wide significant threshold of 5 × 10- 8, with a consistent direction of association in both discovery and replication datasets. Expression quantitative trait (eQTL) analyses and in silico functional annotation for these loci provided insights into potential functional roles, including a statistically significant eQTL between the T allele at rs4918567 and higher expression of ADRA2A (P = 0.012) in healthy colon mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that germline genetic variation is associated with the quantity and diversity of adaptive immune responses in CRC. Further studies are warranted to replicate these findings in additional samples and to investigate functional genomic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schmit
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Population and Cancer Prevention Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph D Bonner
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sidney S Lindsey
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marilena Melas
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J McDonnell
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Gregory E Idos
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christopher P Walker
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chenxu Qu
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Martin Kast
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diane M Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion and the Association for Promotion of Research in Precision Medicine (APRPM), Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Institute of Science Tokyo), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gad Rennert
- B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion and the Association for Promotion of Research in Precision Medicine (APRPM), Haifa, Israel
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Li Z, Wang S, Xu Q, Su X, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. The double roles of T cell-mediated immune response in the progression of MASLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116333. [PMID: 38479177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), has become a major cause of chronic liver disease and a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a huge burden on global public health and economy. MASLD includes steatotic liver disease, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and the latter two cause great harm to human health and life, even complicated with liver cancer. Immunologic mechanism plays a major role in promoting its development into hepatitis and cirrhosis. Now more and more evidences show that T cells play an important role in the progression of MASLD. In this review, we discuss the double roles of T cells in MASLD from the perspective of T cell response pathways, as well as new evidences regarding the possible application of immunomodulatory therapy in MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinchen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250031, China.
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Preite NW, Borges BM, Kaminski VDL, Ayupe MC, Gonçalves LM, dos Santos BV, Fonseca DLM, Filgueiras IS, Salgado CL, Muxel SM, Cabral-Marques O, da Fonseca DM, Loures FV, Calich VLG. Blocking the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways during pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis improves immunity, reduces disease severity, and increases the survival of infected mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347318. [PMID: 38500881 PMCID: PMC10945025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint pathways, i.e., coinhibitory pathways expressed as feedback following immune activation, are crucial for controlling an excessive immune response. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) are the central classical checkpoint inhibitory (CPI) molecules used for the control of neoplasms and some infectious diseases, including some fungal infections. As the immunosuppression of severe paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a chronic granulomatous fungal disease, was shown to be associated with the expression of coinhibitory molecules, we hypothesized that the inhibition of CTLA-4 and PD-1 could have a beneficial effect on pulmonary PCM. To this end, C57BL/6 mice were infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeasts and treated with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) α-CTLA-4, α-PD-1, control IgG, or PBS. We verified that blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 reduced the fungal load in the lungs and fungal dissemination to the liver and spleen and decreased the size of pulmonary lesions, resulting in increased survival of mice. Compared with PBS-treated infected mice, significantly increased levels of many pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed in the lungs of α-CTLA-4-treated mice, but a drastic reduction in the liver was observed following PD-1 blockade. In the lungs of α-CPI and IgG-treated mice, there were no changes in the frequency of inflammatory leukocytes, but a significant reduction in the total number of these cells was observed. Compared with PBS-treated controls, α-CPI- and IgG-treated mice exhibited reduced pulmonary infiltration of several myeloid cell subpopulations and decreased expression of costimulatory molecules. In addition, a decreased number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but sustained numbers of Th1, Th2, and Th17 T cells were detected. An expressive reduction in several Treg subpopulations and their maturation and suppressive molecules, in addition to reduced numbers of Treg, TCD4+, and TCD8+ cells expressing costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules of immunity, were also detected. The novel cellular and humoral profiles established in the lungs of α-CTLA-4 and α-PD-1-treated mice but not in control IgG-treated mice were more efficient at controlling fungal growth and dissemination without causing increased tissue pathology due to excessive inflammation. This is the first study demonstrating the efficacy of CPI blockade in the treatment of pulmonary PCM, and further studies combining the use of immunotherapy with antifungal drugs are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marina Caçador Ayupe
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mandu Gonçalves
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Loureiro Salgado
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Marcia Muxel
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Loures
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Garcia Calich
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Tomás-Cortázar J, Quinn C, Corcoran N, Blanco A, Christensen D, McClean S. BpOmpW antigen administered with CAF01 adjuvant stimulates comparable T cell responses to Sigma adjuvant system. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100438. [PMID: 38303776 PMCID: PMC10831100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
There are no licensed vaccines to protect vulnerable populations from the potentially fatal tropical infection, melioidosis, despite its causative agent, Burkholderia pseudomallei, being endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. A promising vaccine candidate, BpOmpW protected mice from melioidosis infection for up to 81 days and stimulated robust interferon gamma responses in CD4+, CD8+, NK and NKT cells. In order to progress to human studies, selection of an adjuvant with an acceptable human safety profile that stimulates appropriate correlates of protection is essential. Here we demonstrate that the CAF01 vaccine adjuvant elicits optimal immune correlates of protection when administered with our BpOmpW vaccine. Specifically, we demonstrate that CAF01 administered with BpOmpW elicits robust Th1 responses, with potent IFN-γ responses in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NKT cells, in addition to Th17 and Th2 responses. This formulation will be particularly effective in protecting susceptible populations including people with type 2 diabetes from melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Tomás-Cortázar
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Quinn
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Corcoran
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Siobhán McClean
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Bao P, Gu H, Ye J, He J, Zhong Z, Yu A, Zhang X. Chimeric Exosomes Functionalized with STING Activation for Personalized Glioblastoma Immunotherapy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306336. [PMID: 38072677 PMCID: PMC10853748 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A critical challenge of existing cancer vaccines is to orchestrate the demands of antigen-enriched furnishment and optimal antigen-presentation functionality within antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Here, a complementary immunotherapeutic strategy is developed using dendritic cell (DC)-tumor hybrid cell-derived chimeric exosomes loaded with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists (DT-Exo-STING) for maximized tumor-specific T-cell immunity. These chimeric carriers are furnished with broad-spectrum antigen complexes to elicit a robust T-cell-mediated inflammatory program through direct self-presentation and indirect DC-to-T immunostimulatory pathway. This chimeric exosome-assisted delivery strategy possesses the merits versus off-the-shelf cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) delivery techniques in both the brilliant tissue-homing capacity, even across the intractable blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the desired cytosolic entry for enhanced STING-activating signaling. The improved antigen-presentation performance with this nanovaccine-driven STING activation further enhances tumor-specific T-cell immunoresponse. Thus, DT-Exo-STING reverses immunosuppressive glioblastoma microenvironments to pro-inflammatory, tumoricidal states, leading to an almost obliteration of intracranial primary lesions. Significantly, an upscaling option that harnesses autologous tumor tissues for personalized DT-Exo-STING vaccines increases sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and exerts systemic immune memory against post-operative glioma recrudesce. These findings represent an emerging method for glioblastoma immunotherapy, warranting further exploratory development in the clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Yun Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and MicrosurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Lian He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Zhenlin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Xi Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and MicrosurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and MicrosurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
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Gainullin M, Federico L, Røkke Osen J, Chaban V, Kared H, Alirezaylavasani A, Lund-Johansen F, Wildendahl G, Jacobsen JA, Sarwar Anjum H, Stratford R, Tennøe S, Malone B, Clancy T, Vaage JT, Henriksen K, Wüsthoff L, Munthe LA. People who use drugs show no increase in pre-existing T-cell cross-reactivity toward SARS-CoV-2 but develop a normal polyfunctional T-cell response after standard mRNA vaccination. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1235210. [PMID: 38299149 PMCID: PMC10827924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
People who use drugs (PWUD) are at a high risk of contracting and developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases due to their lifestyle, comorbidities, and the detrimental effects of opioids on cellular immunity. However, there is limited research on vaccine responses in PWUD, particularly regarding the role that T cells play in the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we show that before vaccination, PWUD did not exhibit an increased frequency of preexisting cross-reactive T cells to SARS-CoV-2 and that, despite the inhibitory effects that opioids have on T-cell immunity, standard vaccination can elicit robust polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses that were similar to those found in controls. Our findings indicate that vaccination stimulates an effective immune response in PWUD and highlight targeted vaccination as an essential public health instrument for the control of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in this group of high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Gainullin
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NEC OncoImmunity AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorenzo Federico
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julie Røkke Osen
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktoriia Chaban
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John T. Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathleen Henriksen
- Agency for Social and Welfare Services, Oslo, Norway
- Student Health Services, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Wüsthoff
- Unit for Clinical Research on Addictions, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Reasearch, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A. Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Kared H, Alirezaylavasani A, Lund KP, Chopra A, Tietze L, de Matos Kasahara T, Goll GL, Grødeland G, Kaarbø M, Reisæter AV, Hovd M, Heldal K, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Midtvedt K, Åsberg A, Munthe LA. Hybrid and SARS-CoV-2-vaccine immunity in kidney transplant recipients. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104833. [PMID: 37844534 PMCID: PMC10585642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are at high risk for severe COVID-19 and have demonstrated poor response to vaccination, making it unclear whether successive vaccinations offer immunity and protection. METHODS We conducted a serologically guided interventional study where KTR patients that failed to seroconvert were revaccinated and also monitored seroconversion of KTR following the Norwegian vaccination program. We analysed IgG anti-RBD Spike responses from dose 2 (n = 432) up to after the 6th (n = 37) mRNA vaccine dose. The frequency and phenotype of Spike-specific T and B cell responses were assessed in the interventional cohort after 3-4 vaccine doses (n = 30). Additionally, we evaluated the Specific T and B cell response to breakthrough infection (n = 32), measured inflammatory cytokines and broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies, and defined the incidence of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths. The Norwegian KTR cohort has a male dominance (2323 males, 1297 females), PBMC were collected from 114 male and 78 female donors. FINDINGS After vaccine dose 3, most KTR developed Spike-specific T cell responses but had significantly reduced Spike-binding B cells and few memory cells. The B cell response included a cross-reactive subset that could bind Omicron VOC, which expanded after breakthrough infection (BTI) and gave rise to a memory IgG+ B cell response. After BTI, KTR had increased Spike-specific T cells, emergent non-Spike T and B cell responses, and a systemic inflammatory signature. Late seroconversion occurred after doses 5-6, but 38% (14/37) of KTR had no detectable immunity even after multiple vaccine doses. INTERPRETATION Boosting vaccination can induce Spike-specific immunity that may expand in breakthrough infections highlighting the benefit of vaccination to protect this vulnerable population. FUNDING CEPI and internal funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Persgård Lund
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Tietze
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Varberg Reisæter
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Hovd
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Heldal
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Midtvedt
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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9
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Lassaunière R, Polacek C, Linnea Tingstedt J, Fomsgaard A. Preclinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351-based candidate DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2023; 41:6505-6513. [PMID: 37726179 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic revealed the critical shortfalls of global vaccine availability for emergent pathogens and the need for exploring additional vaccine platforms with rapid update potential in response to new variants. Thus, it remains essential, for the present evolving SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 and future pandemics, to continuously develop and characterize new and different vaccine platforms. Here, we describe an expression-optimized DNA vaccine candidate based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of the Beta variant (B.1.351), pNTC-Spike.351, and, in animal models, compare its immunogenicity with a similar DNA vaccine encoding the ancestral index strain spike protein, pNTC-Spike. Both DNA vaccines induced neutralizing antibodies and a Th1 biased immune response. In contrast to the index-specific vaccine, the Beta-specific DNA vaccine induced antibodies in mice and rabbits that, even at low levels, efficiently neutralize the otherwise antibody resistant Beta variant. It similarly neutralized unrelated variants bearing the neutralization resistant E484K spike mutation. Intensive priming using two vaccinations with pNTC-Spike and a single booster immunization with the pNTC-Spike.351 induced a more robust neutralizing antibody response with comparable magnitude against different variants of concern. Thus, DNA vaccine technology with heterologous spike protein prime-boost should be explored further using the Beta derived pNTC-Spike.351 to broaden neutralizing antibody responses against emerging variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Lassaunière
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostic, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Polacek
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostic, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Linnea Tingstedt
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostic, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Fomsgaard
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostic, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Infectious Disease Research Unit, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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10
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Khadri L, Ziraksaz MH, Barekzai AB, Ghauri B. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2023; 202:183-217. [PMID: 38237986 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of T cell responses in COVID-19, focusing on T cell differentiation, specificity, and functional characteristics during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The differentiation of T cells in COVID-19 is explored, highlighting the key factors that influence T cell fate and effector functions. The immunology of the spike protein, a critical component of SARS-CoV-2, is discussed in detail, emphasizing its role in driving T-cell responses. The cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 during acute infection are examined, including the specificity, phenotype, and functional attributes of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses. Furthermore, the chapter explores T-cell cross-recognition against other human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the mechanisms of immune regulation mediated by spike proteins. This includes the induction of regulation through the innate immune system, the activation of self-spike protein-cross-reactive regulatory T cells, and the impact of self-tolerance on the regulation of spike proteins. The chapter investigates T cell responses to self-spike proteins and their implications in disease. The role of spike proteins as immunological targets in the context of COVID-19 is examined, shedding light on potential therapeutic interventions and clinical trials in autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, this chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of T cell responses in COVID-19, highlighting their differentiation, immune regulation, and clinical implications. This knowledge contributes to the development of targeted immunotherapies, vaccine strategies, and diagnostic approaches for COVID-19 and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiqha Khadri
- Department of Biotechnology, Immune Inspired, Bangalore.
| | | | | | - Baber Ghauri
- Department of Biotechnology, Immune Inspired, Bangalore
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11
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Werninghaus IC, Hinke DM, Fossum E, Bogen B, Braathen R. Neuraminidase delivered as an APC-targeted DNA vaccine induces protective antibodies against influenza. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2188-2205. [PMID: 36926694 PMCID: PMC10362400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional influenza vaccines focus on hemagglutinin (HA). However, antibody responses to neuraminidase (NA) have been established as an independent correlate of protection. Here, we introduced the ectodomain of NA into DNA vaccines that, as translated dimeric vaccine proteins, target antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The targeting was mediated by an single-chain variable fragment specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, which is genetically linked to NA via a dimerization motif. A single immunization of BALB/c mice elicited strong and long-lasting NA-specific antibodies that inhibited NA enzymatic activity and reduced viral replication. Vaccine-induced NA immunity completely protected against a homologous influenza virus and out-competed NA immunity induced by a conventional inactivated virus vaccine. The protection was mainly mediated by antibodies, although NA-specific T cells also contributed. APC-targeting and antigen bivalency were crucial for vaccine efficacy. The APC-targeted vaccine was potent at low doses of DNA, indicating a dose-sparing effect. Similar results were obtained with NA vaccines that targeted different surface molecules on dendritic cells. Interestingly, the protective efficacy of NA as antigen compared favorably with HA and therefore ought to receive more attention in influenza vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Charlotta Werninghaus
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Daniëla Maria Hinke
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Even Fossum
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ranveig Braathen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Meredith RT, Bermingham MD, Bentley K, Agah S, Aboagye-Odei A, Yarham RAR, Mills H, Shaikh M, Hoye N, Stanton RJ, Chadwick DR, Oliver MA. Differential cellular and humoral immune responses in immunocompromised individuals following multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1207313. [PMID: 37424787 PMCID: PMC10327606 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1207313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The heterogeneity of the immunocompromised population means some individuals may exhibit variable, weak or reduced vaccine-induced immune responses, leaving them poorly protected from COVID-19 disease despite receiving multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. There is conflicting data on the immunogenicity elicited by multiple vaccinations in immunocompromised groups. The aim of this study was to measure both humoral and cellular vaccine-induced immunity in several immunocompromised cohorts and to compare them to immunocompetent controls. Methods Cytokine release in peptide-stimulated whole blood, and neutralising antibody and baseline SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG levels in plasma were measured in rheumatology patients (n=29), renal transplant recipients (n=46), people living with HIV (PLWH) (n=27) and immunocompetent participants (n=64) post third or fourth vaccination from just one blood sample. Cytokines were measured by ELISA and multiplex array. Neutralising antibody levels in plasma were determined by a 50% neutralising antibody titre assay and SARS-CoV-2 spike specific IgG levels were quantified by ELISA. Results In infection negative donors, IFN-γ, IL-2 and neutralising antibody levels were significantly reduced in rheumatology patients (p=0.0014, p=0.0415, p=0.0319, respectively) and renal transplant recipients (p<0.0001, p=0.0005, p<0.0001, respectively) compared to immunocompetent controls, with IgG antibody responses similarly affected. Conversely, cellular and humoral immune responses were not impaired in PLWH, or between individuals from all groups with previous SARS-CoV-2 infections. Discussion These results suggest that specific subgroups within immunocompromised cohorts could benefit from distinct, personalised immunisation or treatment strategies. Identification of vaccine non-responders could be critical to protect those most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirsten Bentley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sayeh Agah
- InBio, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Abigail Aboagye-Odei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Tees Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Muddassir Shaikh
- Department of Kidney Services, South Tees Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Hoye
- Department of Rheumatology, South Tees Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Chadwick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Tees Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
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13
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Arieta CM, Xie YJ, Rothenberg DA, Diao H, Harjanto D, Meda S, Marquart K, Koenitzer B, Sciuto TE, Lobo A, Zuiani A, Krumm SA, Cadima Couto CI, Hein S, Heinen AP, Ziegenhals T, Liu-Lupo Y, Vogel AB, Srouji JR, Fesser S, Thanki K, Walzer K, Addona TA, Türeci Ö, Şahin U, Gaynor RB, Poran A. The T-cell-directed vaccine BNT162b4 encoding conserved non-spike antigens protects animals from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell 2023; 186:2392-2409.e21. [PMID: 37164012 PMCID: PMC10099181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses play an important role in protection against beta-coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, where they associate with decreased COVID-19 disease severity and duration. To enhance T cell immunity across epitopes infrequently altered in SARS-CoV-2 variants, we designed BNT162b4, an mRNA vaccine component that is intended to be combined with BNT162b2, the spike-protein-encoding vaccine. BNT162b4 encodes variant-conserved, immunogenic segments of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid, membrane, and ORF1ab proteins, targeting diverse HLA alleles. BNT162b4 elicits polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to diverse epitopes in animal models, alone or when co-administered with BNT162b2 while preserving spike-specific immunity. Importantly, we demonstrate that BNT162b4 protects hamsters from severe disease and reduces viral titers following challenge with viral variants. These data suggest that a combination of BNT162b2 and BNT162b4 could reduce COVID-19 disease severity and duration caused by circulating or future variants. BNT162b4 is currently being clinically evaluated in combination with the BA.4/BA.5 Omicron-updated bivalent BNT162b2 (NCT05541861).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yushu Joy Xie
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Huitian Diao
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dewi Harjanto
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shirisha Meda
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam Zuiani
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John R Srouji
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Özlem Türeci
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany; HI-TRON - Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz by DKFZ, Obere Zahlbacherstr. 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uğur Şahin
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany; TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Asaf Poran
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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14
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Gressens SB, Wiedemann A, Déchenaud M, Dupuis J, Gallien S, Melica G, Haioun C, Lemonnier F, Levy Y. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular response after 2 and 3 doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in lymphoma patients receiving anti-CD20 antibodies. Vaccine 2023; 41:1550-1553. [PMID: 36737320 PMCID: PMC9884622 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients receiving anti-CD20 antibodies showed limited efficacy of a booster dose of BNT162b2. Patients with lymphomas combine such immunotherapies with cytotoxic chemotherapies that could result in an even greater alteration of the immune response to vaccination. We report here the impact of a third vaccine dose on T cell specific responses in a small cohort of patients treated in our center by anti-CD20 therapies and cytotoxic chemotherapies for lymphoid malignancies. Our results showed that a third dose in these severely immune suppressed patients could improve the expansion on CD4+Th1+T cell responses while the effect CD8 + T cell responses was marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Gressens
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris - Université Paris Est Créteil, France.
| | - Aurélie Wiedemann
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Marie Déchenaud
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Jehan Dupuis
- IAP-HP, Groupe hospitalo-universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service Unité Hémopathies Lymphoides, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Gallien
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris - Université Paris Est Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Giovanna Melica
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris - Université Paris Est Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France.
| | - Corinne Haioun
- IAP-HP, Groupe hospitalo-universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service Unité Hémopathies Lymphoides, F-94010 Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - François Lemonnier
- IAP-HP, Groupe hospitalo-universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service Unité Hémopathies Lymphoides, F-94010 Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Yves Levy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris - Université Paris Est Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France.
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15
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Ngalamika O, Lidenge SJ, Mukasine MC, Kawimbe M, Kamanzi P, Ngowi JR, Mwaiselage J, Tso FY. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and humoral immunity in individuals with and without HIV in an African population: a prospective cohort study. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 127:106-115. [PMID: 36516914 PMCID: PMC9741763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To longitudinally compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and humoral immune responses between convalescent individuals who are HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-). METHODS We conducted enzyme-linked immunospots to determine the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses to spike and nucleocapsid, membrane protein, and other open reading frame proteins (NMO), whereas an immunofluorescence assay was used to determine the humoral responses. Participants were sampled at baseline and after 8 weeks of follow-up. RESULTS Individuals who are HIV- had significantly more T cell responses to NMO and spike than individuals who are HIV+ at baseline, P-value = 0.026 and P-value = 0.029, respectively. At follow-up, T cell responses to NMO and spike in individuals who are HIV+ increased to levels comparable with individuals who are HIV-. T cell responses in the HIV- group significantly decreased from baseline levels at the time of follow-up (spike [P-value = 0.011] and NMO [P-value = 0.014]). A significantly higher number of individuals in the HIV+ group had an increase in T cell responses to spike (P-value = 0.01) and NMO (P-value = 0.026) during the follow-up period than the HIV- group. Antispike and antinucleocapsid antibody titers were high (1: 1280) and not significantly different between individuals who were HIV- and HIV+ at baseline. A significant decrease in antinucleocapsid titer was observed in the HIV- (P-value = 0.0001) and the HIV+ (P-value = 0.001) groups at follow-up. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was more effective in boosting the T cell than antibody responses shortly after infection. CONCLUSION There is an impairment of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in individuals who are HIV+ with advanced immunosuppression. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immune responses may be delayed in individuals who are HIV+, even in those on antiretroviral therapy. There is no difference in SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity between individuals who are HIV- and HIV+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Ngalamika
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia,HHV-8 Molecular Virology Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia,Corresponding author: Tel: +260961406928
| | - Salum J. Lidenge
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salam, Tanzania,Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salam, Tanzania
| | | | - Musonda Kawimbe
- HHV-8 Molecular Virology Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Kamanzi
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Julius Mwaiselage
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salam, Tanzania,Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salam, Tanzania
| | - For Yue Tso
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, and The Stanley S Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
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16
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Wang H, Gan M, Wu B, Zeng R, Wang Z, Xu J, Li J, Zhang Y, Cao J, Chen L, Di D, Peng S, Lei J, Zhao Y, Song X, Yuan T, Zhou T, Liu Q, Yi J, Wang X, Cai H, Lei Y, Wen Y, Li W, Chen Q, Wang Y, Long P, Yuan Y, Wang C, Pan A, Wang Q, Gong R, Fan X, Wu T, Liu L. Humoral and cellular immunity of two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese children: A prospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28380. [PMID: 36478357 PMCID: PMC9877748 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Children are the high-risk group for COVID-19, and in need of vaccination. However, humoral and cellular immune responses of COVID-19 vaccine remain unclear in vaccinated children. To establish the rational immunization strategy of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine for children, the immunogenicity of either one dose or two doses of the vaccine in children was evaluated. A prospective cohort study of 322 children receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was established in China. The baseline was conducted after 28 days of the first dose, and the follow-up was conducted after 28 days of the second dose. The median titers of receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG, and neutralizing antibody (NAb) against prototype strain and Omicron variant after the second dose increased significantly compared to those after the first dose (first dose: 70.0, [interquartile range, 30.0-151.0] vs. second dose: 1261.0 [636.0-2060.0] for RBD-IgG; 2.5 [2.5-18.6] vs. 252.0 [138.6-462.1] for NAb against prototype strain; 2.5 [2.5-2.5] vs. 15.0 [7.8-26.5] for NAb against Omicron variant, all p < 0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that the first dose elicited SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular immunity, while the second dose strengthened SARS-CoV-2 specific IL-2+ or TNF-α+ monofunctional, IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ bifunctional, and IFN-γ- IL-2+ TNF-α+ multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses (p < 0.05). Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 specific memory T cells were generated after the first vaccination, including the central memory T cells and effector memory T cells. The present findings provide scientific evidence for the vaccination strategy of the inactive vaccines among children against COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengze Gan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bihao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jun Xu
- Qichun Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuanggangChina
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yandi Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinge Cao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Li Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Dongsheng Di
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Siyuan Peng
- Qichun Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuanggangChina
| | - Jinfeng Lei
- Qichun Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuanggangChina
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xuemei Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yanshou Lei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuying Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qinlin Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - An Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Xionglin Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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17
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Belik M, Liedes O, Vara S, Haveri A, Pöysti S, Kolehmainen P, Maljanen S, Huttunen M, Reinholm A, Lundberg R, Skön M, Österlund P, Melin M, Hänninen A, Hurme A, Ivaska L, Tähtinen PA, Lempainen J, Kakkola L, Jalkanen P, Julkunen I. Persistent T cell-mediated immune responses against Omicron variants after the third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1099246. [PMID: 36756112 PMCID: PMC9899862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1099246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prime-boost COVID-19 mRNA vaccination strategy has proven to be effective against severe COVID-19 disease and death. However, concerns have been raised due to decreasing neutralizing antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination and due to the emergence of new immuno-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants that may require additional booster vaccinations. Methods In this study, we analyzed the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Finnish healthcare workers (HCWs) vaccinated with three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. We used enzyme immunoassay and microneutralization test to analyze the levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in the sera of the vaccinees and the in vitro neutralization capacity of the sera. Activation induced marker assay together with flow cytometry and extracellular cytokine analysis was used to determine responses in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein stimulated PBMCs. Results Here we show that within the HCWs, the third mRNA vaccine dose recalls both humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses and induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants. Three weeks after the third vaccine dose, SARS-CoV-2 wild type spike protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are observed in 82% and 71% of HCWs, respectively, and the T cells cross-recognize both Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 spike peptides. Although the levels of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 decline 2.5 to 3.8-fold three months after the third dose, memory CD4+ T cell responses are maintained for at least eight months post the second dose and three months post the third vaccine dose. Discussion We show that after the administration of the third mRNA vaccine dose the levels of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are effectively activated, and the levels of the spike-specific antibodies are further elevated compared to the levels after the second vaccine dose. Even though at three months after the third vaccine dose antibody levels in sera decrease at a similar rate as after the second vaccine dose, the levels of spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells remain relatively stable. Additionally, the T cells retain efficiency in cross-recognizing spike protein peptide pools derived from Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants. Altogether our results suggest durable cellmediated immunity and protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milja Belik
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Oona Liedes
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saimi Vara
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Haveri
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Pöysti
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Sari Maljanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Moona Huttunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arttu Reinholm
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Marika Skön
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pamela Österlund
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merit Melin
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arno Hänninen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Hurme
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Lauri Ivaska
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paula A Tähtinen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Kakkola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pinja Jalkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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18
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Huang R, Ying L, Wang J, Xia J, Zhang Y, Mao H, Zhang R, Zang R, Le Z, Shu Q, Xu J. Non-spike and spike-specific memory T cell responses after the third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139620. [PMID: 37114058 PMCID: PMC10126277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 epidemic, vaccination has become the most safe and effective way to prevent severe illness and death. Inactivated vaccines are the most widely used type of COVID-19 vaccines in the world. In contrast to spike-based mRNA/protein COVID-19 vaccines, inactivated vaccines generate antibodies and T cell responses against both spike and non-spike antigens. However, the knowledge of inactivated vaccines in inducing non-spike-specific T cell response is very limited. Methods In this study, eighteen healthcare volunteers received a homogenous booster (third) dose of the CoronaVac vaccine at least 6 months after the second dose. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against a peptide pool from wild-type (WT) non-spike proteins and spike peptide pools from WT, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 were examined before and 1-2 weeks after the booster dose. Results The booster dose elevated cytokine response in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as expression of cytotoxic marker CD107a in CD8+ T cells in response to non-spike and spike antigens. The frequencies of cytokine-secreting non-spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlated well with those of spike-specific from WT, Delta, and Omicron. Activation-induced markers (AIM) assay also revealed that booster vaccination elicited non-spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. In addition, booster vaccination produced similar spike-specific AIM+CD4+ and AIM+CD8+ T cell responses to WT, Delta, and Omicron, indicting strong cross-reactivity of functional cellular response between WT and variants. Furthermore, booster vaccination induced effector memory phenotypes of spike-specific and non-spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Conclusions These data suggest that the booster dose of inactive vaccines broadens both non-spike-specific and spike-specific T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqiong Huang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyang Ying
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangmei Wang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruoyang Zhang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruoxi Zang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenkai Le
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Shu, ; Jianguo Xu,
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Shu, ; Jianguo Xu,
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19
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Chen Y, Chen L, Yin S, Tao Y, Zhu L, Tong X, Mao M, Li M, Wan Y, Ni J, Ji X, Dong X, Li J, Huang R, Shen Y, Shen H, Bao C, Wu C. The Third dose of CoronVac vaccination induces broad and potent adaptive immune responses that recognize SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1524-1536. [PMID: 35608053 PMCID: PMC9176682 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2081614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The waning humoral immunity and emerging contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants resulted in the necessity of the booster vaccination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The inactivated vaccine, CoronaVac, is the most widely supplied COVID-19 vaccine globally. Whether the CoronaVac booster elicited adaptive responses that cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) among 77 healthy subjects receiving the third dose of CoronaVac were explored. After the boost, remarkable elevated spike-specific IgG and IgA responses, as well as boosted neutralization activities, were observed, despite 3.0-fold and 5.9-fold reduced neutralization activities against Delta and Omicron strains compared to that of the ancestral strain. Furthermore, the booster dose induced potent B cells and memory B cells that cross-bound receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins derived from VoCs, while Delta and Omicron RBD-specific memory B cell recognitions were reduced by 2.7-fold and 4.2-fold compared to that of ancestral strain, respectively. Consistently, spike-specific circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) significantly increased and remained stable after the boost, with a predominant expansion towards cTfh17 subpopulations. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells peaked and sustained after the booster. Notably, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recognition of VoC spike was largely preserved compared to the ancestral strain. Individuals without generating Delta or Omicron neutralization activities had comparable levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responses as those with detectable neutralizing activities. Our study demonstrated that the CoronaVac booster induced broad and potent adaptive immune responses that could be effective in controlling SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tong
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minxin Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Ji
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchi Dong
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Tang Y, Gu S, Zhu L, Wu Y, Zhang W, Zhao C. LDHA: The Obstacle to T cell responses against tumor. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1036477. [PMID: 36518315 PMCID: PMC9742379 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1036477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a successful therapeutic strategy in certain solid tumors and hematological malignancies. However, this efficacy of immunotherapy is impeded by limited success rates. Cellular metabolic reprogramming determines the functionality and viability in both cancer cells and immune cells. Extensive research has unraveled that the limited success of immunotherapy is related to immune evasive metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells and immune cells. As an enzyme that catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) has become a major focus of research. Here, we have addressed the structure, localization, and biological features of LDHA. Furthermore, we have discussed the various aspects of epigenetic regulation of LDHA expression, such as histone modification, DNA methylation, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, and transcriptional control by noncoding RNA. With a focus on the extrinsic (tumor cells) and intrinsic (T cells) functions of LDHA in T-cell responses against tumors, in this article, we have reviewed the current status of LDHA inhibitors and their combination with T cell-mediated immunotherapies and postulated different strategies for future therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangshuang Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhao
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Peng Q, Zhou R, Liu N, Wang H, Xu H, Zhao M, Yang D, Au KK, Huang H, Liu L, Chen Z. Naturally occurring spike mutations influence the infectivity and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1302-1310. [PMID: 36224497 PMCID: PMC9554397 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion with respect to current vaccines and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). How naturally occurring spike mutations affect the infectivity and antigenicity of VOCs remains to be investigated. The entry efficiency of individual spike mutations was determined in vitro using pseudotyped viruses. BALB/c mice were immunized with 2-dose DNA vaccines encoding B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.1.529 and their single mutations. Cellular and humoral immune responses were then compared to determine the impact of individual mutations on immunogenicity. In the B.1.1.7 lineage, Del69-70 and Del 144 in NTD, A570D and P681H in SD1 and S982A and D1118H in S2 significantly increased viral entry, whereas T716I resulted in a decrease. In the B.1.351 lineage, L18F and Del 242-244 in the NTD, K417N in the RBD and A701V in S2 also increased viral entry. S982A weakened the generation of binding antibodies. All sera showed reduced cross-neutralization activity against B.1.351, B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1). S982A, L18F, and Del 242-244 hindered the induction of cross-NAbs, whereas Del 69-70, Del144, R246I, and K417N showed the opposite effects. B.1.351 elicited adequate broad cross-NAbs against both B.1.351 and B.1.617.2. All immunogens tested, however, showed low neutralization against circulating B.1.1.529. In addition, T-cell responses were unlikely affected by mutations tested in the spike. We conclude that individual spike mutations influence viral infectivity and vaccine immunogenicity. Designing VOC-targeted vaccines is likely necessary to overcome immune evasion from current vaccines and neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Peng
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.410741.7National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics Limited, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- grid.440671.00000 0004 5373 5131HKU AIDS Institute Joint Laboratory, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.410741.7National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong PR China
| | - Haoran Xu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Meiqing Zhao
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Dawei Yang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Ka-Kit Au
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Haode Huang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics Limited, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics Limited, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China ,grid.440671.00000 0004 5373 5131HKU AIDS Institute Joint Laboratory, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong PR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
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22
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Wei D, Chen Y, Yu X, Lai YD, Xu W, Ji P, Yang Z, Chen E, Zhang X, Wang Y. Comparable antigen-specific T cell responses in vaccinees with diverse humoral immune responses after primary and booster BBIBP-CorV vaccination. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2474-2484. [PMID: 36166417 PMCID: PMC9621266 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2130101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BBIBP-CorV exerts efficient protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, waning vaccine-induced humoral immune responses after two-dose vaccination have significantly undermined durable immuno-protection. In this study, we have demonstrated that although anti-spike (S) antibody responses in BBIBP-CorV vaccinees exhibited three serotypes after 6 months, including de novo sero-negative, sero-positive, and sero-decay features, S-specific interferon-γ release as well as Th1 cytokine production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were comparable, especially in vaccinees without detectable neutralizing antibodies. Notably, regardless of dramatic increases in humoral immunity after booster vaccination, T cell responses targeting S protein from either wild type or Omicron remained stable before and after booster vaccination in all three serotype vaccinees. No severe cases were observed even in the sero-decay group during the Omicron epidemic in Shanghai. Our results thus illustrate that unlike fluctuating humoral responses, viral-specific T cell responses are extremely stable after booster vaccination. Sustained T cell responses might be dedicated to the rapid restoration of antibody responses after booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Dian Lai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Abstract
Gene transfer using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has made tremendous progress in the last decade and has achieved cures of debilitating diseases such as hemophilia A and B. Nevertheless, progress is still being hampered by immune responses against the AAV capsid antigens or the transgene products. Immunosuppression designed to blunt T cell responses has shown success in some patients but failed in others especially if they received very high AAV vectors doses. Although it was initially thought that AAV vectors induce only marginal innate responses below the threshold of systemic symptoms recent trials have shown that complement activation can results in serious adverse events. Dorsal root ganglia toxicity has also been identified as a complication of high vector doses as has severe hepatotoxicity. Most of the critical complications occur in patients who are treated with very high vector doses indicating that the use of more efficient AAV vectors to allow for dose sparing or giving smaller doses repeatedly, the latter in conjunction with antibody or B cell depleting measures, should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegund C. J. Ertl
- Ertl Laboratory, Vaccine Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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24
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Steigler P, Chhiba M, Francis V, Keyser A, Abrahams D, Hanekom W, Ntsekhe M, Scriba TJ. T cell responses to Mycobacterium indicus pranii immunotherapy and adjunctive glucocorticoid therapy in tuberculous pericarditis. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100177. [PMID: 35755143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the Investigation of the Management of Pericarditis (IMPI) randomized control, 2x2 factorial trial, Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) immunotherapy, adjunctive corticosteroids or MIP combined with corticosteroids was compared to standard tuberculosis (TB) therapy for tuberculous pericarditis (TBP). While MIP and/or the combination of MIP and corticosteroids had no impact on all-cause mortality or pericarditis related outcomes, corticosteroids reduced the incidence of constrictive pericarditis at 12 months. Data suggests that both adjunctive therapies modulate the immune and inflammatory responses to pulmonary TB. Whether they affect systemic antigen-specific T cell responses, key immune mediators of Mycobacterium tuberculosis control, in patients with TBP is unknown. Methods Participants with definite or probable TBP were randomly assigned to receive five injections of MIP or placebo at 2-week intervals and either 6 weeks of oral prednisolone or placebo. Frequencies of CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-2 or TNF in response to MIP or purified protein derivative stimulation were measured by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry up to 24 weeks post treatment. Results Immunotherapy with MIP did not significantly modulate frequencies of Th1 CD4 and CD8 T cells compared to placebo. Adjunctive prednisolone also did not change mycobacteria-specific CD4 or CD8 T cell responses. By contrast, combinatorial therapy with MIP and prednisolone was associated with a modest increase in frequencies of multifunctional and single cytokine-expressing CD4 T cell responses at 6 and 24 weeks post treatment. Conclusions Consistent with the lack of a significant clinical effect in the IMPI trial, MIP immunotherapy did not significantly modulate mycobacteria-specific T cell responses. Despite the positive effect of prednisolone on hospitalizations and constrictive pericarditis in the IMPI trial, prednisolone did not significantly reduce pro-inflammatory T cell responses in this sub-study. The modest improvement of mycobacteria-specific T cell upon combinatorial therapy with MIP and prednisolone requires further investigation.
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25
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Nkosi T, Chasara C, Papadopoulos AO, Nguni TL, Karim F, Moosa MYS, Gazy I, Jambo K, Hanekom W, Sigal A, Ndhlovu ZM. Unsuppressed HIV infection impairs T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and abrogates T cell cross-recognition. eLife 2022; 11:e78374. [PMID: 35880744 PMCID: PMC9355563 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In some instances, unsuppressed HIV has been associated with severe COVID-19 disease, but the mechanisms underpinning this susceptibility are still unclear. Here, we assessed the impact of HIV infection on the quality and epitope specificity of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses in the first wave and second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in South Africa. Flow cytometry was used to measure T cell responses following peripheral blood mononuclear cell stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools. Culture expansion was used to determine T cell immunodominance hierarchies and to assess potential SARS-CoV-2 escape from T cell recognition. HIV-seronegative individuals had significantly greater CD4+ T cell responses against the Spike protein compared to the viremic people living with HIV (PLWH). Absolute CD4 count correlated positively with SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses (CD4 r=0.5, p=0.03; CD8 r=0.5, p=0.001), whereas T cell activation was negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell responses (CD4 r=-0.7, p=0.04). There was diminished T cell cross-recognition between the two waves, which was more pronounced in individuals with unsuppressed HIV infection. Importantly, we identify four mutations in the Beta variant that resulted in abrogation of T cell recognition. Taken together, we show that unsuppressed HIV infection markedly impairs T cell responses to SARS-Cov-2 infection and diminishes T cell cross-recognition. These findings may partly explain the increased susceptibility of PLWH to severe COVID-19 and also highlights their vulnerability to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandeka Nkosi
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Caroline Chasara
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Andrea O Papadopoulos
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Tiza L Nguni
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa
- HIV Pathogenesis Program, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Inbal Gazy
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Kondwani Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research ProgrammeBlantyreMalawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - COMMIT-KZN-Team
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Willem Hanekom
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Zaza M Ndhlovu
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Program, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
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26
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Laoubi L, Lacoffrette M, Valsesia S, Lenief V, Guironnet-Paquet A, Mosnier A, Dubois G, Cartier A, Monti L, Marvel J, Espinosa E, Malissen B, Henri S, Mondoulet L, Sampson HA, Nosbaum A, Nicolas JF, Dioszeghy V, Vocanson M. Epicutaneous allergen immunotherapy induces a profound and selective modulation in skin dendritic cell subsets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1194-1208. [PMID: 35779666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) protocols have recently been developed to restore tolerance in patients with food allergy (FA). The mechanisms by which EPIT protocols promote desensitization rely on a profound immune deviation of pathogenic T and B cell responses. OBJECTIVE To date, little is known about the contribution of skin dendritic cells (skDCs) to T cell remodeling and EPIT efficacy. METHODS We capitalized on a preclinical model of food allergy to ovalbumin (OVA) to characterize the phenotype and functions of OVA+ skDCs throughout the course of EPIT. RESULTS Our results showed that both Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal conventional cDC1 and cDC2 subsets retained their ability to capture OVA in the skin and to migrate toward the skin-draining lymph nodes during EPIT. However, their activation/maturation status was significantly impaired, as evidenced by the gradual and selective reduction of CD86, CD40, and OVA protein expression in respective subsets. Phenotypic changes during EPIT were also characterized by a progressive diversification of single cell gene signatures within each DC subset. Interestingly, we observed that OVA+ LCs progressively lost their capacity to prime CD4+ TEFF, but gained TREG stimulatory properties. In contrast, cDC1 were inefficient in priming CD4+ TEFF or in reactivating TMEMin vitro, while cDC2 retained moderate stimulatory properties, and progressively biased type-2 immunity toward type-1 and type-17 responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results therefore emphasize that the acquisition of distinct phenotypic and functional specializations by skDCs during EPIT is at the cornerstone of the desensitization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Laoubi
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France; DBV Technologies, Montrouge, France
| | - Morgane Lacoffrette
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Valsesia
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Vanina Lenief
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Guironnet-Paquet
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Mosnier
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Gwendoline Dubois
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Anna Cartier
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Laurine Monti
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Espinosa
- Inserm, U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse F-31037, France; Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31062, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Hugh A Sampson
- DBV Technologies, Montrouge, France; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Audrey Nosbaum
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France; Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France; Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université de Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France.
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27
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Hinke DM, Andersen TK, Gopalakrishnan RP, Skullerud LM, Werninghaus IC, Grødeland G, Fossum E, Braathen R, Bogen B. Antigen bivalency of antigen-presenting cell-targeted vaccines increases B cell responses. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110901. [PMID: 35649357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are important for vaccine efficacy. Targeting antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) increases antibody levels. Here, we explore the role of antigen valency in MHC class II (MHCII)-targeted vaccines delivered as DNA. We design heterodimeric proteins that carry either two identical (bivalent vaccines), or two different antigens (monovalent vaccines). Bivalent vaccines with two identical influenza hemagglutinins (HA) elicit higher amounts of anti-HA antibodies in mice than monovalent versions with two different HAs. Bivalent vaccines increase the levels of germinal center (GC) B cells and long-lived plasma cells. Only HA-bivalent vaccines completely protect mice against challenge with homologous influenza virus. Similar results are obtained with other antigens by targeting CD11c and Xcr1 on dendritic cells (DCs) or when administering the vaccine as protein with adjuvant. Bivalency probably increases B cell responses by cross-linking BCRs in readily observable DC-B cell synapses. These results are important for generating potent APC-targeted vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëla Maria Hinke
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Tor Kristian Andersen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madelene Skullerud
- Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | | | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Even Fossum
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Ranveig Braathen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway.
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway.
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28
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Rutman AK, Negi S, Saberi N, Khan K, Tchervenkov J, Paraskevas S. Extracellular Vesicles From Kidney Allografts Express miR-218-5p and Alter Th17/Treg Ratios. Front Immunol 2022; 13:784374. [PMID: 35281056 PMCID: PMC8906931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.784374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplantation is associated with ischemic injury and carries long term functional and immunological risks. Extracellular vesicles (EV) released from allografts may signal a degree of ischemic stress, and are thought to play an important role in the development of anti-donor immunity. Here, we show that kidney perfusate-derived extracellular vesicles (KP-EV) express donor-specific human leukocyte antigen. KP-EV from kidneys that experience DGF increase the T-helper 17 (Th17) to T-regulatory (Treg) ratio in third party peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a greater degree than those from kidneys with immediate function. We report miR-218-5p upregulation in KP-EV of kidney transplant recipients with DGF. Levels of miR-218-5p in KP-EV inversely correlated with recipient eGFR at multiple time points following transplantation. Additionally, the degree of increase in Th17/Treg ratio by KP-EV positively correlated with miR-218-5p expression in KP-EV samples. Taken together, these data provide evidence that KP-EV may contribute to modulating immune responses in transplant recipients. This could lead to novel intervention strategies to inhibit DGF in order to improve graft function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa K Rutman
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarita Negi
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nasim Saberi
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kashif Khan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Tchervenkov
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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29
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Zhou H, Mao L, Xu H, Wang S, Tian J. The functional roles of m 6A modification in T lymphocyte responses and autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:51-60. [PMID: 35490098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is abundant in eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea. It is an RNA modification mainly existing in messenger RNA (mRNAs) and has a significant effect on the metabolism and function of mRNAs. m6A modification is controlled by three types of proteins, namely methyltransferase as the "writers", demethylase as the "erasers", and specific m6A recognized protein (YTHDF1-3) as the "readers". Recent studies have shown that m6A modification plays an important role in cancer, viral infection and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will elaborate on the m6A modifications in the homeostasis and differentiation of T cells. Then we will further summarize the effects of m6A modification on the T cell responses and T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. This will advance T cell epigenetics research and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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30
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Li Y, Wang X, Jin J, Ma Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Su B. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike epitopes with mutations after the third booster dose of an inactivated vaccine. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3998-4004. [PMID: 35474581 PMCID: PMC9088599 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant contains more than 30 mutations that mediate escape from antibody responses elicited by prior infection or current vaccines. Fortunately, T cell responses are highly conserved in most individuals, but the impacts of mutations are not clear. Here, we showed that the T cell responses of individuals who underwent booster vaccination with CoronaVac were largely protective against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein. To specifically estimate the impact of Omicron mutations on vaccinated participants, 16 peptides derived from the spike protein of the ancestral virus or Omicron strain with mutations were used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the volunteers. Compared with the administration of two doses of vaccine, booster vaccination substantially enhanced T cell activation in response to both the ancestral and Omicron epitopes, although the enhancement was slightly weakened by the Omicron mutations. Then, the peptides derived from these spike proteins were used separately to stimulate PBMCs. Interestingly, compared with the ancestral peptides, only the peptides with the G339D or N440K mutation were detected to significantly destabilize the T cell response. Although more participants need to be evaluated to confirm this conclusion, our study nonetheless estimates the impacts of mutations on T cell responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglai Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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31
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Guihot A, Plu I, Soulié C, Rousseau A, Nakid-Cordero C, Dorgham K, Parizot C, Litvinova E, Mayaux J, Malet I, Quentric P, Combadière B, Combadière C, Bonduelle O, Adam L, Rosenbaum P, Beurton A, Hémon P, Debré P, Vieillard V, Autran B, Seilhean D, Charlotte F, Marcelin AG, Gorochov G, Luyt CE. Memory CD4+ T-Cell Lymphocytic Angiopathy in Fatal Forms of COVID-19 Pulmonary Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844727. [PMID: 35529881 PMCID: PMC9074842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunopathological pulmonary mechanisms leading to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)-related death in adults remain poorly understood. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood sampling were performed in 74 steroid and non-steroid-treated intensive care unit (ICU) patients (23-75 years; 44 survivors). Peripheral effector SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detected in 34/58 cases, mainly directed against the S1 portion of the spike protein. The BAL lymphocytosis consisted of T cells, while the mean CD4/CD8 ratio was 1.80 in non-steroid- treated patients and 1.14 in steroid-treated patients. Moreover, strong BAL SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses were detected in 4/4 surviving and 3/3 non-surviving patients. Serum IFN-γ and IL-6 levels were decreased in steroid-treated patients when compared to non-steroid treated patients. In the lung samples from 3 (1 non-ICU and 2 ICU) additional deceased cases, a lymphocytic memory CD4 T-cell angiopathy colocalizing with SARS-CoV-2 was also observed. Taken together, these data show that disease severity occurs despite strong antiviral CD4 T cell-specific responses migrating to the lung, which could suggest a pathogenic role for perivascular memory CD4 T cells upon fatal COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Guihot
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d’Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Plu
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Cathia Soulié
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Alice Rousseau
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Nakid-Cordero
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d’Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Elena Litvinova
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d’Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Julien Mayaux
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Intensive–Réanimation et Pneumologie, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Malet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Paul Quentric
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Béhazine Combadière
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Combadière
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Bonduelle
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lucille Adam
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Beurton
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Intensive–Réanimation et Pneumologie, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Hémon
- LBAI, Hyperion platform, University of Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Patrice Debré
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Charlotte
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d’Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié–Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
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32
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Medeiros GX, Sasahara GL, Magawa JY, Nunes JPS, Bruno FR, Kuramoto AC, Almeida RR, Ferreira MA, Scagion GP, Candido ÉD, Leal FB, Oliveira DBL, Durigon EL, Silva RCV, Rosa DS, Boscardin SB, Coelho V, Kalil J, Santos KS, Cunha-Neto E. Reduced T Cell and Antibody Responses to Inactivated Coronavirus Vaccine Among Individuals Above 55 Years Old. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812126. [PMID: 35300337 PMCID: PMC8921991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CoronaVac is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that has been rolled out in several low and middle-income countries including Brazil, where it was the mainstay of the first wave of immunization of healthcare workers and the elderly population. We aimed to assess the T cell and antibody responses of vaccinated individuals as compared to convalescent patients. We detected IgG against SARS-CoV-2 antigens, neutralizing antibodies against the reference Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain and used SARS-CoV-2 peptides to detect IFN-g and IL-2 specific T cell responses in a group of CoronaVac vaccinated individuals (N = 101) and convalescent (N = 72) individuals. The frequency among vaccinated individuals, of whom 96% displayed T cell and/or antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, is comparable to 98.5% responses of convalescent individuals. We observed that among vaccinated individuals, men and individuals 55 years or older developed significantly lower anti-RBD, anti-NP and neutralization titers against the Wuhan strain and antigen-induced IL-2 production by T cells. Neutralizing antibody responses for Gamma variant were even lower than for the Wuhan strain. Even though some studies indicated CoronaVac helped reduce mortality among elderly people, considering the appearance of novel variants of concern, CoronaVac vaccinated individuals above 55 years old are likely to benefit from a heterologous third dose/booster vaccine to increase immune response and likely protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana X Medeiros
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Greyce Luri Sasahara
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jhosiene Y Magawa
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S Nunes
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Bruno
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia C Kuramoto
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, LIM59, Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Scagion
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika D Candido
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabyano B Leal
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle B L Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison L Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Plataforma Científica Pasteur da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carlos V Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia B Boscardin
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verônica Coelho
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keity S Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
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33
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Zhang H, Cao S, Gao Y, Sun X, Jiang F, Zhao B, Ding H, Dong T, Han X, Shang H. HIV-1-Specific Immunodominant T-Cell Responses Drive the Dynamics of HIV-1 Recombination Following Superinfection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:820628. [PMID: 35095925 PMCID: PMC8794799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.820628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinants were previously found to have emerged gradually in a superinfected patient (patient LNA819). However, the extent to which T-cell responses influenced the development of these recombinants after superinfection is unclear. In this study, we undertook a recombination structure analysis of the gag, pol, and nef genes from longitudinal samples of patient LNA819. A total of 9 pol and 5 nef CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinants were detected. The quasispecies makeup and the composition of the pol and nef gene recombinants changed continuously, suggestive of continuous evolution in vivo. T-cell responses targeting peptides of the primary strain and the recombination regions were screened. The results showed that Pol-LY10, Pol-RY9, and Nef-GL9 were the immunodominant epitopes. Pol-LY10 overlapped with the recombination breakpoints in multiple recombinants. For the LY10 epitope, escape from T-cell responses was mediated by both recombination with a CRF07_BC insertion carrying the T467E/T472V variants and T467N/T472V mutations originating in the CRF01_AE strain. In pol recombinants R8 and R9, the recombination breakpoints were located ~23 amino acids upstream of the RY9 epitope. The appearance of new recombination breakpoints harboring a CRF07_BC insertion carrying a R984K variant was associated with escape from RY9-specific T-cell responses. Although the Nef-GL9 epitope was located either within or 10~11 amino acids downstream of the recombination breakpoints, no variant of this epitope was observed in the nef recombinants. Instead, a F85V mutation originating in the CRF01_AE strain was the main immune escape mechanism. Understanding the cellular immune pressure on recombination is critical for monitoring the new circulating recombinant forms of HIV and designing epitope-based vaccines. Vaccines targeting antigens that are less likely to escape immune pressure by recombination and/or mutation are likely to be of benefit to patients with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Clinical Laboratory, China Medical University Shengjing Hospital Nanhu Branch, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Gao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Fanming Jiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Shang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Friedman J, Gunti S, Lee M, Bai K, Hinrichs C, Allen CT. Determining if T cell antigens are naturally processed and presented on HLA class I molecules. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:5. [PMID: 35148673 PMCID: PMC8832792 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determining T cell responses to naturally processed and presented antigens is a critical immune correlate to determine efficacy of an investigational immunotherapeutic in clinical trials. In most cases, minimal epitopes and HLA restriction elements are unknown. Results Here, we detail the experimental use of ex vivo expanded autologous B cells as antigen presenting cells to overcome the limitation of unknown HLA restriction, and the use of electroporated full length mRNA encoding full length parental proteins to ensure that any observed T cell responses are specific for antigens that are naturally processed and presented. Conclusions This technique can serve as useful experimental approach to determine the induction or enhancement of specific responses to naturally processed and presented antigens on HLA class I molecules in peripheral blood or tumor infiltrating T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Friedman
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Gunti
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ke Bai
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christian Hinrichs
- Rutgers Cancer Center at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Clint T Allen
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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35
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Ceglia V, Kelley EJ, Boyle AS, Zurawski S, Mead HL, Harms CE, Blanck JP, Flamar AL, Kirschman JH, Ogongo P, Ernst JD, Levy Y, Zurawski G, Altin JA. A Framework to Identify Antigen-Expanded T Cell Receptor Clusters Within Complex Repertoires. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735584. [PMID: 34917073 PMCID: PMC8670329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common approaches for monitoring T cell responses are limited in their multiplexity and sensitivity. In contrast, deep sequencing of the T Cell Receptor (TCR) repertoire provides a global view that is limited only in terms of theoretical sensitivity due to the depth of available sampling; however, the assignment of antigen specificities within TCR repertoires has become a bottleneck. This study combines antigen-driven expansion, deep TCR sequencing, and a novel analysis framework to show that homologous ‘Clusters of Expanded TCRs (CETs)’ can be confidently identified without cell isolation, and assigned to antigen against a background of non-specific clones. We show that clonotypes within each CET respond to the same epitope, and that protein antigens stimulate multiple CETs reactive to constituent peptides. Finally, we demonstrate the personalized assignment of antigen-specificity to rare clones within fully-diverse uncultured repertoires. The method presented here may be used to monitor T cell responses to vaccination and immunotherapy with high fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ceglia
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, United States.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM, Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Erin J Kelley
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Annalee S Boyle
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Sandra Zurawski
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, United States.,Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM, Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Heather L Mead
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Caroline E Harms
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | | | - Anne-Laure Flamar
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, United States.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM, Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | | | - Paul Ogongo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joel D Ernst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yves Levy
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM, Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Gerard Zurawski
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, United States.,Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM, Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - John A Altin
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
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36
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Loomis RJ, DiPiazza AT, Falcone S, Ruckwardt TJ, Morabito KM, Abiona OM, Chang LA, Caringal RT, Presnyak V, Narayanan E, Tsybovsky Y, Nair D, Hutchinson GB, Stewart-Jones GBE, Kueltzo LA, Himansu S, Mascola JR, Carfi A, Graham BS. Chimeric Fusion (F) and Attachment (G) Glycoprotein Antigen Delivery by mRNA as a Candidate Nipah Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772864. [PMID: 34956199 PMCID: PMC8692728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) represents a significant pandemic threat with zoonotic transmission from bats-to-humans with almost annual regional outbreaks characterized by documented human-to-human transmission and high fatality rates. Currently, no vaccine against NiV has been approved. Structure-based design and protein engineering principles were applied to stabilize the fusion (F) protein in its prefusion trimeric conformation (pre-F) to improve expression and increase immunogenicity. We covalently linked the stabilized pre-F through trimerization domains at the C-terminus to three attachment protein (G) monomers, forming a chimeric design. These studies detailed here focus on mRNA delivery of NiV immunogens in mice, assessment of mRNA immunogen-specific design elements and their effects on humoral and cellular immunogenicity. The pre-F/G chimera elicited a strong neutralizing antibody response and a superior NiV-specific Tfh and other effector T cell response compared to G alone across both the mRNA and protein platforms. These findings enabled final candidate selection of pre-F/G Fd for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Loomis
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Barney S. Graham, ; Rebecca J. Loomis,
| | - Anthony T. DiPiazza
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Tracy J. Ruckwardt
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kaitlyn M. Morabito
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Olubukola M. Abiona
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lauren A. Chang
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ria T. Caringal
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Deepika Nair
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Geoffrey B. Hutchinson
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guillaume B. E. Stewart-Jones
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa A. Kueltzo
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - John R. Mascola
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Barney S. Graham
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Barney S. Graham, ; Rebecca J. Loomis,
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37
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Shenoy GN, Bhatta M, Bankert RB. Tumor-Associated Exosomes: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Restoring Anti-Tumor T Cell Responses in Human Tumor Microenvironments. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113155. [PMID: 34831378 PMCID: PMC8619102 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released by cells and play a variety of physiological roles including regulation of the immune system. Exosomes are heterogeneous and present in vast numbers in tumor microenvironments. A large subset of these vesicles has been demonstrated to be immunosuppressive. In this review, we focus on the suppression of T cell function by exosomes in human tumor microenvironments. We start with a brief introduction to exosomes, with emphasis on their biogenesis, isolation and characterization. Next, we discuss the immunosuppressive effect of exosomes on T cells, reviewing in vitro studies demonstrating the role of different proteins, nucleic acids and lipids known to be associated with exosome-mediated suppression of T cell function. Here, we also discuss initial proof-of-principle studies that established the potential for rescuing T cell function by blocking or targeting exosomes. In the final section, we review different in vivo models that were utilized to study as well as target exosome-mediated immunosuppression, highlighting the Xenomimetic mouse (X-mouse) model and the Omental Tumor Xenograft (OTX) model that were featured in a recent study to evaluate the efficacy of a novel phosphatidylserine-binding molecule for targeting immunosuppressive tumor-associated exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam N. Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Maulasri Bhatta
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Richard B. Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-829-2701
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38
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Bjerkan L, Visweswaran GRR, Gudjonsson A, Labbé GM, Quinkert D, Pattinson DJ, Spång HCL, Draper SJ, Bogen B, Braathen R. APC-Targeted DNA Vaccination Against Reticulocyte-Binding Protein Homolog 5 Induces Plasmodium falciparum-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies and T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720550. [PMID: 34733274 PMCID: PMC8558525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of antigen to antigen presenting cells (APCs) is an efficient way to induce robust antigen-specific immune responses. Here, we present a novel DNA vaccine that targets the Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5), a leading blood-stage antigen of the human malaria pathogen, to APCs. The vaccine is designed as bivalent homodimers where each chain is composed of an amino-terminal single chain fragment variable (scFv) targeting unit specific for major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expressed on APCs, and a carboxyl-terminal antigenic unit genetically linked by the dimerization unit. This vaccine format, named “Vaccibody”, has previously been successfully applied for antigens from other infectious diseases including influenza and HIV, as well as for tumor antigens. Recently, the crystal structure and key functional antibody epitopes for the truncated version of PfRH5 (PfRH5ΔNL) were characterized, suggesting PfRH5ΔNL to be a promising candidate for next-generation PfRH5 vaccine design. In this study, we explored the APC-targeting strategy for a PfRH5ΔNL-containing DNA vaccine. BALB/c mice immunized with the targeted vaccine induced higher PfRH5-specific IgG1 antibody responses than those vaccinated with a non-targeted vaccine or antigen alone. The APC-targeted vaccine also efficiently induced rapid IFN-γ and IL-4 T cell responses. Furthermore, the vaccine-induced PfRH5-specific IgG showed inhibition of growth of the P. falciparum 3D7 clone parasite in vitro. Finally, sera obtained after vaccination with this targeted vaccine competed for the same epitopes as PfRH5-specific mAbs from vaccinated humans. Robust humoral responses were also induced by a similar P. vivax Duffy-binding protein (PvDBP)-containing targeted DNA vaccine. Our data highlight a novel targeted vaccine platform for the development of vaccines against blood-stage malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bjerkan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Arnar Gudjonsson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Doris Quinkert
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Heidi C L Spång
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon J Draper
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ranveig Braathen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Lee YS, Hong SH, Park HJ, Lee HY, Hwang JY, Kim SY, Park JW, Choi KS, Seong JK, Park SI, Lee SM, Hwang KA, Yun JW, Nam JH. Peptides Derived From S and N Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Induce T Cell Responses: A Proof of Concept for T Cell Vaccines. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:732450. [PMID: 34630356 PMCID: PMC8498111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.732450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that escape vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies has indicated the importance of T cell responses against this virus. In this study, we highlight the SARS-CoV-2 epitopes that induce potent T cell responses and discuss whether T cell responses alone are adequate to confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 and describe the administration of 20 peptides with an RNA adjuvant in mice. The peptides have been synthesized based on SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein sequences. Our study demonstrates that immunization with these peptides significantly increases the proportion of effector memory T cell population and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-, interleukin-4 (IL-4)-, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-, and granzyme B-producing T cells. Of these 20 peptides, four induce the generation of IFN-γ-producing T cells, elicit CD8+ T cell (CTL) responses in a dose-dependent manner, and induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes that eliminate peptide-pulsed target cells in vivo. Although it is not statistically significant, these peptide vaccines reduce viral titers in infected hamsters and alleviate pulmonary pathology in SARS-CoV-2-infected human ACE2 transgenic mice. These findings may aid the design of effective SARS-CoV-2 peptide vaccines, while providing insights into the role of T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Hwang
- Preclinical Research Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Hwang
- Department of Research and Development, SML Genetree, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
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40
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Sharan R, Singh DK, Rengarajan J, Kaushal D. Characterizing Early T Cell Responses in Nonhuman Primate Model of Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706723. [PMID: 34484203 PMCID: PMC8416058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading infectious disease killer worldwide with 1.4 million TB deaths in 2019. While the majority of infected population maintain an active control of the bacteria, a subset develops active disease leading to mortality. Effective T cell responses are critical to TB immunity with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells being key players of defense. These early cellular responses to TB infection have not yet been studied in-depth in either humans or preclinical animal models. Characterizing early T cell responses in a physiologically relevant preclinical model can provide valuable understanding of the factors that control disease development. We studied Mtb-specific T cell responses in the lung compartment of rhesus macaques infected with either a low- or a high-dose of Mtb CDC1551 via aerosol. Relative to baseline, significantly higher Mtb-specific CD4+IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ T cell responses were observed in the BAL of low dose infected macaques as early as week 1 post TB infection. The IFN-γ and TNF-a response was delayed to week 3 post infection in Mtb-specific CD4+ and CD8+T cells in the high dose group. The manifestation of earlier T cell responses in the group exposed to the lower Mtb dose suggested a critical role of these cytokines in the antimycobacterial immune cascade, and specifically in the granuloma formation to contain the bacteria. However, a similar increase was not reflected in the CD4+ and CD8+IL-17+ T cells at week 1 post infection in the low dose group. This could be attributed to either a suppression of the IL-17 response or a lack of induction at this early stage of infection. On the contrary, there was a significantly higher IL-17+ response in Mtb-specific CD4+ and CD8+T cells at week 3 in the high dose group. The results clearly demonstrate an early differentiation in the immunity following low dose and high dose infection, largely represented by differences in the IFN-γ and TNF-α response by Mtb-specific T cells in the BAL. This early response to antigen expression by the bacteria could be critical for both bacterial growth control and bacterial containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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41
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Deng J, Zhang BZ, Chu H, Wang XL, Wang Y, Gong HR, Li R, Yang D, Li C, Dou Y, Gao P, Cai JP, Jin M, Du Q, Chan JFW, Kao RYT, Yuen KY, Huang JD. Adenosine synthase A contributes to recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infection by dampening protective immunity. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103505. [PMID: 34332295 PMCID: PMC8340124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen capable of causing diverse illnesses with possible recurrent infections. Although recent studies have highlighted the role of cellular immunity in recurrent infections, the mechanism by which S. aureus evades host responses remains largely unexplored. Methods: This study utilizes in vitro and in vivo infection experiments to investigate difference of pro-inflammatory responses and subsequent adaptive immune responses between adsA mutant and WT S. aureus strain infection. Findings: We demonstrated that adenosine synthase A (AdsA), a potent S. aureus virulence factor, can alter Th17 responses by interfering with NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production. Specifically, S. aureus virulence factor AdsA dampens Th1/Th17 immunity by limiting the release of IL-1β and other Th polarizing cytokines. In particular, AdsA obstructs the release of IL-1β via the adenosine/A2aR/NLRP3 axis. Using a murine infection model, pharmacological inhibition of A2a receptor enhanced S. aureus-specific Th17 responses, whereas inhibition of NLRP3 and caspase-1 downregulated these responses. Our results showed that AdsA contributes to recurrent S. aureus infection by restraining protective Th1/Th17 responses. Interpretation: Our study provides important mechanistic insights for therapeutic and vaccination strategies against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua-Rui Gong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Dou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Du
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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42
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Boggiatto PM, Kanipe CR, Palmer MV. Enhanced Detection of Mycobacterium bovis-Specific T Cells in Experimentally-Infected Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:676710. [PMID: 34336973 PMCID: PMC8317970 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.676710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, continues to be a major economic burden associated with production losses and a public health concern due to its zoonotic nature. As with other intracellular pathogens, cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in the control of infection. Characterization of such responses is important for understanding the immune status of the host, and to identify mechanisms of protective immunity or immunopathology. This type of information can be important in the development of vaccination strategies, diagnostic assays, and in predicting protection or disease progression. However, the frequency of circulating M. bovis-specific T cells are often low, making the analysis of such responses difficult. As previously demonstrated in a different cattle infection model, antigenic expansion allows us to increase the frequency of antigen-specific T cells. Moreover, the concurrent assessment of cytokine production and proliferation provides a deeper understanding of the functional nature of these cells. The work presented here, analyzes the T cell response following experimental M. bovis infection in cattle via in vitro antigenic expansion and re-stimulation to characterize antigen-specific CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells and their functional phenotype, shedding light on the variable functional ability of these cells. Data gathered from these studies can help us better understand the cellular response to M. bovis infection and develop improved vaccines and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Carly R Kanipe
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Immunobiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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Tauzin A, Nayrac M, Benlarbi M, Gong SY, Gasser R, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Brassard N, Laumaea A, Vézina D, Prévost J, Anand SP, Bourassa C, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Goyette G, Niessl J, Tastet O, Gokool L, Morrisseau C, Arlotto P, Stamatatos L, McGuire AT, Larochelle C, Uchil P, Lu M, Mothes W, De Serres G, Moreira S, Roger M, Richard J, Martel-Laferrière V, Duerr R, Tremblay C, Kaufmann DE, Finzi A. A single dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 elicits Fc-mediated antibody effector functions and T cell responses. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1137-1150.e6. [PMID: 34133950 PMCID: PMC8175625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While the standard regimen of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 includes two doses administered 3 weeks apart, some public health authorities are spacing these doses, raising concerns about efficacy. However, data indicate that a single dose can be up to 90% effective starting 14 days post-administration. To assess the mechanisms contributing to protection, we analyzed humoral and T cell responses three weeks after a single BNT162b2 dose. We observed weak neutralizing activity elicited in SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals but strong anti-receptor binding domain and spike antibodies with Fc-mediated effector functions and cellular CD4+ T cell responses. In previously infected individuals, a single dose boosted all humoral and T cell responses, with strong correlations between T helper and antibody immunity. Our results highlight the potential role of Fc-mediated effector functions and T cell responses in vaccine efficacy. They also provide support for spacing doses to vaccinate more individuals in conditions of vaccine scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Manon Nayrac
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2BA, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Annemarie Laumaea
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2BA, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia Niessl
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Laurie Gokool
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département des Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pradeep Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Maolin Lu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, QC, H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Sandrine Moreira
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Valérie Martel-Laferrière
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2BA, Canada.
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44
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Woller N, Engelskircher SA, Wirth T, Wedemeyer H. Prospects and Challenges for T Cell-Based Therapies of HCC. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071651. [PMID: 34209393 PMCID: PMC8304292 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of therapeutic options for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has recently been expanded by immunotherapeutic regimens. T cell-based therapies, especially in combination with other treatments have achieved far better outcomes compared to conventional treatments alone. However, there is an emerging body of evidence that eliciting T cell responses in immunotherapeutic approaches is insufficient for favorable outcomes. Immune responses in HCC are frequently attenuated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) or may even support tumor progress. Hence, therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell therapies appear to necessitate additional modification of the TME to unlock their full potential. In this review, we focus on immunotherapeutic strategies, underlying molecular mechanisms of CD8 T cell immunity, and causes of treatment failure in HCC of viral and non-viral origin. Furthermore, we provide an overview of TME features in underlying etiologies of HCC patients that mediate therapy resistance to checkpoint inhibition and discuss strategies from the literature concerning current approaches to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Woller
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Anna Engelskircher
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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45
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De Angelis ML, Francescangeli F, Rossi R, Giuliani A, De Maria R, Zeuner A. Repeated Exposure to Subinfectious Doses of SARS-CoV-2 May Promote T Cell Immunity and Protection against Severe COVID-19. Viruses 2021; 13:961. [PMID: 34067349 DOI: 10.3390/v13060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Europe is experiencing a third wave of COVID-19 due to the spread of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants. A number of positive and negative factors constantly shape the rates of COVID-19 infections, hospitalization, and mortality. Among these factors, the rise in increasingly transmissible variants on one side and the effect of vaccinations on the other side create a picture deeply different from that of the first pandemic wave. Starting from the observation that in several European countries the number of COVID-19 infections in the second and third pandemic wave increased without a proportional rise in disease severity and mortality, we hypothesize the existence of an additional factor influencing SARS-CoV-2 dynamics. This factor consists of an immune defence against severe COVID-19, provided by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells progressively developing upon natural exposure to low virus doses present in populated environments. As suggested by recent studies, low-dose viral particles entering the respiratory and intestinal tracts may be able to induce T cell memory in the absence of inflammation, potentially resulting in different degrees of immunization. In this scenario, non-pharmaceutical interventions would play a double role, one in the short term by reducing the detrimental spreading of SARS-CoV-2 particles, and one in the long term by allowing the development of a widespread (although heterogeneous and uncontrollable) form of immune protection.
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46
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Chun JH, Jung JW, Kim YR, Lazarte JMS, Kim SW, Kim J, Thompson KD, Kim HJ, Jung TS. Poly (I:C)-Potentiated Vaccination Enhances T Cell Response in Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) Providing Protection against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV). Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:482. [PMID: 34068522 PMCID: PMC8151365 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), caused by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), is a viral disease affecting teleosts, and is the major cause of virus-related deaths in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Research has focused on ways to control VHS, and recently, the use of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid poly (I:C)-potentiated vaccination has been investigated, whereby fish are injected with poly (I:C) and then with live pathogenic virus, resulting in a significant decrease in VHSV-related mortality. T cell responses were investigated in the present study after vaccinating olive flounder with poly (I:C)-potentiated vaccination to understand the ability of poly (I:C) to induce T cell immunity. Stimulation of T cell responses with the poly (I:C)-potentiated vaccination was confirmed by examining levels of CD3+ T cells, CD4-1+ T cells and CD4-2+ T cells. Higher levels of CD4-2+ T cells were found in vaccinated fish than CD4-1+ T cells, believed to result from a synergistic effect between poly (I:C) administration and pathogenic VHSV immunization. More importantly, the role of CD4-2+ T cells in the antiviral response was clearly evident. The results of this study suggest that the outstanding protection obtained with the poly (I:C)-potentiated vaccination is due to the robust immune response initiated by the CD4-2+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Chun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Young Rim Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jassy Mary S. Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - Hyoung Jun Kim
- Pathology Research Division, OIE Reference Laboratory for Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS), National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Busan 46083, Korea;
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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47
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Münz C. Regulation of the Macroautophagic Machinery, Cellular Differentiation, and Immune Responses by Human Oncogenic γ-Herpesviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:859. [PMID: 34066671 DOI: 10.3390/v13050859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human γ-herpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encode oncogenes for B cell transformation but are carried by most infected individuals without symptoms. For this purpose, they manipulate the anti-apoptotic pathway macroautophagy, cellular proliferation and apoptosis, as well as immune recognition. The mechanisms and functional relevance of these manipulations are discussed in this review. They allow both viruses to strike the balance between efficient persistence and dissemination in their human hosts without ever being cleared after infection and avoiding pathologies in most of their carriers.
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48
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Papayanni PG, Chasiotis D, Koukoulias K, Georgakopoulou A, Iatrou A, Gavriilaki E, Giannaki C, Bitzani M, Geka E, Tasioudis P, Chloros D, Fylaktou A, Kioumis I, Triantafyllidou M, Dimou-Besikli S, Karavalakis G, Boutou AK, Siotou E, Anagnostopoulos A, Papadopoulou A, Yannaki E. Vaccinated and convalescent donor-derived SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells as adoptive immunotherapy for high-risk COVID-19 patients. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:2073-2082. [PMID: 33905481 PMCID: PMC8135332 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses an urgent need for the development of effective therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods We first tested SARS-CoV-2–specific T-cell (CοV-2-ST) immunity and expansion in unexposed donors, COVID-19–infected individuals (convalescent), asymptomatic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–positive subjects, vaccinated individuals, non–intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized patients, and ICU patients who either recovered and were discharged (ICU recovered) or had a prolonged stay and/or died (ICU critical). CoV-2-STs were generated from all types of donors and underwent phenotypic and functional assessment. Results We demonstrate causal relationship between the expansion of endogenous CoV-2-STs and the disease outcome; insufficient expansion of circulating CoV-2-STs identified hospitalized patients at high risk for an adverse outcome. CoV-2-STs with a similarly functional and non-alloreactive, albeit highly cytotoxic, profile against SARS-CoV-2 could be expanded from both convalescent and vaccinated donors generating clinical-scale, SARS-CoV-2–specific T-cell products with functional activity against both the unmutated virus and its B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. In contrast, critical COVID-19 patient-originating CoV-2-STs failed to expand, recapitulating the in vivo failure of CoV-2–specific T-cell immunity to control the infection. CoV-2-STs generated from asymptomatic PCR-positive individuals presented only weak responses, whereas their counterparts originating from exposed to other seasonal coronaviruses subjects failed to kill the virus, thus disempowering the hypothesis of protective cross-immunity. Conclusions Overall, we provide evidence on risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the feasibility of generating powerful CoV-2-ST products from both convalescent and vaccinated donors as an “off-the shelf” T-cell immunotherapy for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope-Georgia Papayanni
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Chasiotis
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kiriakos Koukoulias
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aphrodite Georgakopoulou
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Iatrou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysavgi Giannaki
- A' Intensive Care Unit, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Militsa Bitzani
- A' Intensive Care Unit, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Geka
- AHEPA University Hospital, ICU, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Diamantis Chloros
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asimina Fylaktou
- National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center - Immunology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- Respiratory Failure Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Triantafyllidou
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotiria Dimou-Besikli
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Karavalakis
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Afroditi K Boutou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Siotou
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Achilles Anagnostopoulos
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, "George Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Pollastro S, de Bourayne M, Balzaretti G, Jongejan A, van Schaik BDC, Niewold ITG, van Kampen AHC, Maillère B, de Vries N. Characterization and Monitoring of Antigen-Responsive T Cell Clones Using T Cell Receptor Gene Expression Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609624. [PMID: 33679697 PMCID: PMC7932994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput T-cell receptor repertoire sequencing constitutes a powerful tool to study T cell responses at the clonal level. However, it does not give information on the functional phenotype of the responding clones and lacks a statistical framework for quantitative evaluation. To overcome this, we combined datasets from different experiments, all starting from the same blood samples. We used a novel, sensitive, UMI-based protocol to perform repertoire analysis on experimental replicates. Applying established bioinformatic routines for transcriptomic expression analysis we explored the dynamics of antigen-induced clonal expansion after in vitro stimulation, identified antigen-responsive clones, and confirmed their activation status using the expression of activation markers upon antigen re-challenge. We demonstrate that the addition of IL-4 after antigen stimulation drives the expansion of T cell clones encoding unique receptor sequences. We show that our approach represents a scalable, high-throughput immunological tool, which can be used to identify and characterize antigen-responsive T cells at clonal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pollastro
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie de Bourayne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giulia Balzaretti
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbera D C van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilse T G Niewold
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernard Maillère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Niek de Vries
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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50
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Dhanwani R, Pham J, Premlal ALR, Frazier A, Kumar A, Pero ME, Bartolini F, Dutra JR, Marder KS, Peters B, Sulzer D, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Corrigendum: T Cell Responses to Neural Autoantigens Are Similar in Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Age-Matched Healthy Controls. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:641809. [PMID: 33519374 PMCID: PMC7841494 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.641809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Dhanwani
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John Pham
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - April Frazier
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Juliana Rezende Dutra
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karen S Marder
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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