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Malavazos AE, Dubini C, Milani V, Boveri S, Meregalli C, Bertolini C, Buscemi C, Cardani R, Renna LV, Trevisan MB, Scravaglieri V, Cuppone MT, Menicanti L, Costa E, Ambrogi F, Ruocco C, Carruba M, Iacobellis G, Nisoli E, Corsi Romanelli MM. BNT162b2 Booster Dose Elicits a Robust Antibody Response in Subjects with Abdominal Obesity and Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1796. [PMID: 38140200 PMCID: PMC10747120 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the long-term durability of the induced immune response in subjects with obesity, particularly in those with an abdominal distribution of adipose tissue. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses after BNT162b2 vaccine booster dose, comparing individuals with and without abdominal obesity (AO), discerning between individuals previously infected or not. IgG-TrimericS were measured in 511 subjects at baseline, on the 21st day after vaccine dose 1, and at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months from dose 2, and at 1 and 3 months following the booster dose. To detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, nucleocapsid antibodies were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the three-month difference in the absolute variation in IgG-TrimericS levels from booster dose, showing AO and SARS-CoV-2 infection status interactions (p = 0.016). Regardless of possible confounding factors and IgG-TrimericS levels at the booster dose, AO is associated with a higher absolute change in IgG-TrimericS in prior infected individuals (p = 0.0125). In the same regression model, no interaction is highlighted using BMI (p = 0.418). The robust response in the development of antibodies after booster dose, observed in people with AO and previous infection, may support the recommendations to administer a booster dose in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Elias Malavazos
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Dubini
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Valentina Milani
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Boveri
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | | | - Carola Buscemi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, V. Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Childhood, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Biobank BioCor, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (L.V.R.)
| | - Laura Valentina Renna
- Biobank BioCor, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (L.V.R.)
| | - Manuel Bruno Trevisan
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Valentina Scravaglieri
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Cuppone
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Costa
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Michele Carruba
- Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Gianluca Iacobellis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 00133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20100 Milan, Italy
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Sheehan J, Ardizzone CM, Khanna M, Trauth AJ, Hagensee ME, Ramsay AJ. Dynamics of Serum-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Vaccinees through Multiple Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1720. [PMID: 38006052 PMCID: PMC10675463 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are administered as effective prophylactic measures for reducing virus transmission rates and disease severity. To enhance the durability of post-vaccination immunity and combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters have been administered to two-dose vaccinees. However, long-term humoral responses following booster vaccination are not well characterized. A 16-member cohort of healthy SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants were enrolled in this study during a three-dose BNT162b2 vaccine series. Serum samples were collected from vaccinees over 420 days and screened for antigen (Ag)-specific antibody titers, IgG subclass distribution, and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses. Vaccine boosting restored peak Ag-specific titers with sustained α-RBD IgG and IgA antibody responses when measured at six months post-boost. RBD- and spike-specific IgG4 antibody levels were markedly elevated in three-dose but not two-dose immune sera. Although strong neutralization responses were detected in two- and three-dose vaccine sera, these rapidly decayed to pre-immune levels by four and six months, respectively. While boosters enhanced serum IgG Ab reactivity and nAb responses against variant strains, all variants tested showed resistance to two- and three-dose immune sera. Our data reflect the poor durability of vaccine-induced nAb responses which are a strong predictor of protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The induction of IgG4-switched humoral responses may permit extended viral persistence via the downregulation of Fc-mediated effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Sheehan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Caleb M. Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mayank Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amber J. Trauth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michael E. Hagensee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alistair J. Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Simon G, Favresse J, Gillot C, Closset M, Catry É, Dogné JM, Douxfils J, Wieërs G, Bayart JL. Kinetics and ability of binding antibody and surrogate virus neutralization tests to predict neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant following BNT162b2 booster administration. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1875-1885. [PMID: 37078220 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the long-term humoral immunity induced by booster administration, as well as the ability of binding antibody and surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNT) to predict neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. METHODS A total of 269 sera samples were analyzed from 64 healthcare workers who had received a homologous booster dose of BNT162b2. Neutralizing antibodies assessed by sVNT and anti-RBD IgG measured with the sCOVG assay (Siemens Healthineers®) were analyzed at five timepoints; before and up to 6 months following the booster. Antibody titers were correlated with neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.1 variant obtained by pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT) as a reference method. RESULTS While Wild-type sVNT percentage of inhibition (POI) remained above 98.6% throughout the follow-up period after booster administration, anti-RBD IgG and NAbs assessed by Omicron BA.1 pVNT showed respectively a 3.4-fold and 13.3-fold decrease after 6 months compared to the peak reached at day 14. NAbs assessed by Omicron sVNT followed a steady decline until reaching a POI of 53.4%. Anti-RBD IgG and Omicron sVNT assays were strongly correlated (r=0.90) and performed similarly to predict the presence of neutralizing antibodies with Omicron pVNT (area under the ROC: 0.82 for both assays). In addition, new adapted cut-off values of anti-RBD IgG (>1,276 BAU/mL) and Omicron sVNT (POI>46.6%) were found to be better predictors of neutralizing activity. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a significant drop in humoral immunity 6 months after booster administration. Anti-RBD IgG and Omicron sVNT assays were highly correlated and could predict neutralizing activity with moderate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Simon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Julien Favresse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Constant Gillot
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- QUALIblood SA, Namur, Belgium
| | - Grégoire Wieërs
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Bayart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
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Kigel A, Vanetik S, Mangel L, Friedman G, Nozik C, Terracina C, Taussig D, Dror Y, Samra H, Mandel D, Lubetzky R, Wine Y. Maternal Immunization During the Second Trimester with BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Induces a Robust IgA Response in Human Milk: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:572-578. [PMID: 37479184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human milk antibody response following maternal immunization with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is important for the protection of the infant during infancy. The vaccine-specific antibody response is still unclear at different stages of human milk production, as are the effects of maternal immunization timing on the robustness of the antibody response. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to assess the antibody response (IgG/IgA/IgM) during various lactation stages and identify the best vaccination timing during pregnancy. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 73 postpartum women who were administered the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine during the second or third trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Statistical comparison was conducted using 16 human milk samples from a prepandemic control group. RESULTS Excluding 11 women, the study included 62 lactating women who were administered the mRNA vaccine during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. A total of 149 samples of human milk were collected at different lactation stages. Our findings reveal that colostrum exhibits significantly higher levels of IgG (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3, 9.0; P = 0.023), IgA (95% CI: 55.98, 100.2; P = 0.0034), and IgM (95% CI: 0.03, 0.62; P < 0.0001) compared with mature milk IgG (95% CI: 0.25, 0.43), IgA (95% CI: 9.65, 13.74), IgM (95% CI: 0.03, 0.04). The timing of maternal immunization affected the antibody response. The level of IgA in mature milk was higher when immunization occurred in the second trimester (95% CI: 11.14, 19.66; P = 0.006) than in the third trimester (95% CI: 7.16, 11.49). Conversely, IgG levels in mature milk were higher when immunization occurred during the third trimester (95% CI: 0.36, 0.65; P < 0.0001) than in the second trimester (95% CI: 0.09, 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that administering the mRNA vaccine to pregnant women during the second trimester increases vaccine-specific IgA levels during lactation. Considering the significance of human milk IgA in mucosal tissues and its prevalence throughout lactation, it is reasonable to recommend maternal immunization with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine during the second trimester. This trial was registered at the Helsinki Committee of the Tel Aviv Medical Center as clinical trial number 0172-TLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kigel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Center for Combating Pandemics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Vanetik
- Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Laurence Mangel
- Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Friedman
- Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Nozik
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Camilla Terracina
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Taussig
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Dror
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Samra
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Mandel
- Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Lubetzky
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yariv Wine
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Center for Combating Pandemics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Nazaruk P, Tkaczyk I, Monticolo M, Jędrzejczak AM, Krata N, Pączek L, Foroncewicz B, Mucha K. Hybrid Immunity Provides the Best COVID-19 Humoral Response in Immunocompromised Patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 Infection History. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1380. [PMID: 37631947 PMCID: PMC10458920 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly limited the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and reduced the associated complications, especially mortality. To prolong immunity, an immune booster was implemented. We evaluated the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection history in the vaccination schedules of kidney and liver transplant recipients and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To this end, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 78 solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients and 40 patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy as representatives of the CKD group. Patients received two or three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. At the follow-up, antibody (Ab) titer, graft function, COVID-19 history, and patients' clinical condition were assessed. Ab level was higher after two doses in patients with a COVID-19 history over three doses in patients with no COVID-19 history. Compared to three doses, subjects who were administered two doses had a longer median time to infection. Positive antibodies, in response to the third dose, were not observed in up to 8.4% of SOT patients. The results show that the vaccination schedule should take into account the vaccine response rate and COVID-19 history. So-called hybrid immunity appears to be most efficient at providing humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Nazaruk
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (P.N.); (I.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.J.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Ignacy Tkaczyk
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (P.N.); (I.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.J.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Marta Monticolo
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (P.N.); (I.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.J.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Anna Maria Jędrzejczak
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (P.N.); (I.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.J.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Natalia Krata
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland;
- ProMix Center (ProteogenOmix in Medicine), Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Pączek
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (P.N.); (I.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.J.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
- ProMix Center (ProteogenOmix in Medicine), Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Foroncewicz
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (P.N.); (I.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.J.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
- ProMix Center (ProteogenOmix in Medicine), Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mucha
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (P.N.); (I.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.J.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
- ProMix Center (ProteogenOmix in Medicine), Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Talotta R. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as hypothetical epigenetic players: Results from an in silico analysis, considerations and perspectives. Vaccine 2023; 41:5182-5194. [PMID: 37453842 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate in silico the occurrence of epigenetic crosstalk by nucleotide sequence complementarity between the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and whole human genome, including coding and noncoding (nc)RNA genes. To correlate these results with those obtained with the original spike (S) gene of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS The publicly available FASTA sequence of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and the SARS-CoV-2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 S gene (NC_045512.2) were used separately as key input to the Ensembl.org library to evaluate base pair match to human GRCh38 genome. Human coding and noncoding genes harboring hits were assessed for functional activity and health effects using bioinformatics tools and GWAS databases. RESULTS The BLAT analysis against the human GRCh38 genome revealed a total of 37 hits for BNT162b2 mRNA and no hits for the SARS-CoV-2 S gene. More specifically, BNT162b2 mRNA matched 19 human genes whose protein products are variously involved in enzyme reactions, nucleotide or cation binding, signaling, and carrier functions. In BLASTN analysis of ncRNA genes, BNT162b2 mRNA and SARS-CoV-2 S gene matched 17 and 24 different human genomic regions, respectively. Overall, characterization of the matched noncoding sequences revealed stronger interference with epigenetic pathways for BNT162b2 mRNA compared with the original S gene. CONCLUSION This pivotal in silico analysis shows that SARS-CoV-2 S gene and the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine exhibit Watson-Crick nucleotide complementarity with human coding or noncoding genes. Although they do not share the same complementarity pattern, both may disrupt epigenetic mechanisms in target cells, potentially leading to long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, AOU "Gaetano Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Zhang HQ, Cao BZ, Cao QT, Hun M, Cao L, Zhao MY. An analysis of reported cases of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) after COVID-19 vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2263229. [PMID: 37811764 PMCID: PMC10563610 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2263229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 vaccines are an effective public health tool to combat the global pandemic, serious adverse events, such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), caused by them are a concern. In this systematic review, cases of HLH reported after COVID-19 vaccination have been examined to understand the relationship between the two and propose effective therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, ruxolitinib's potential as a cytokine inhibitor and its affinity for CD25 were initially assessed through molecular docking, aiming to aid targeted HLH therapy. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for published individual case reports on the occurrence of HLH after the administration of any COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 17 articles (25 patients) were included in this qualitative analysis. Furthermore, molecular docking was employed to investigate the therapeutic potential of ruxolitinib for HLH after COVID-19 vaccination. The mean age of patients who developed HLH after COVID-19 vaccination was 48.1 years. Most HLH episodes occurred after the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (14/25 cases) and to an extent after the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination (5/25 cases). Almost all affected patients received steroid and antibiotic therapy. Three patients died despite treatment because of esophagus rupture, neutropenic fever, bacteroides bacteremia, refractory shock, and encephalopathy and shock. Visual docking results of IL-2 Rα and ruxolitinib using the Discovery Studio 2019 Client software yielded a model score of 119.879. The findings highlight the importance of considering and identifying the adverse effects of vaccination and the possibility of using ruxolitinib for treating HLH after COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bu-Zi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing-Tai Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Marady Hun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Yi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Vicenti I, Basso M, Pirola N, Bragato B, Rossi MC, Giobbia M, Pascoli S, Vinci A, Caputo S, Varasi I, Biba C, Fiaschi L, Zazzi M, Parisi SG. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies to B.1 and to BA.5 Variant after Booster Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine in HIV Patients COVID-Naïve and on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040871. [PMID: 37112782 PMCID: PMC10144758 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Live virus neutralization is the gold standard to investigate immunity. This prospective observational study aimed to determine the magnitude of response against the original B.1 lineage and against the BA.5 lineage six months after the third BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine dose in patients with HIV infection on successful antiretroviral treatment and no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 100 subjects (M/F 83/17, median age 54 years) were included in the analysis: 95 had plasma HIV RNA <40 copies/mL, the median CD4+ T cell count at the administration of the third dose was 580 cells/mm3, and the median nadir CD4+ T cell count was 258 cells/mm3. Neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) against B.1 were detectable in all the subjects, but those to BA.5 were only detected in 88 (p < 0.001). The median NtAb titer to B.1 was significantly higher than that to BA.5 (393 vs. 60, p < 0.0001), and there was a strong positive correlation between the paired measurements (p < 0.0001). Linear regression on a subset of 87 patients excluding outlier NtAb titers showed that 48% of the changes in NtAb titers to BA.5 are related to the changes in value titers to B.1. SARS-CoV-2 variants evolve rapidly, challenging the efficacy of vaccines, and data on comparative NtAb responses may help in tailoring intervals between vaccine doses and in predicting vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vicenti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Basso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicole Pirola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bragato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mario Giobbia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Treviso Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Susanna Pascoli
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Specialist and Laboratory Medicine, Ca' Foncello University Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinci
- Hospital Health Management Area, Local Health Authority "Roma 1", Borgo Santo Spirito 3, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Caputo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilenia Varasi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Camilla Biba
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lia Fiaschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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9
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Özen S, Kibar Gül AE, Gülhan B, Işıksalan Özbülbül N, Kanık Yüksek S, Terin H, Mustafaoğlu Ö, Bayraktar P, Ece İ, Çetin İİ, Üçkardeş F, Bayhan Gİ, Özkaya Parlakay A. Admission and follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings in BNT162b2 Vaccine-Related myocarditis in adolescents. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:199-206. [PMID: 36576105 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2157478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited data on the pattern and severity of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 vaccination associated myocarditis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to define the myocardial damage occurring after BNT162b2 vaccination, raise awareness about adverse reactions developing after vaccination, and determine the patterns and scope of Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. PATIENTS/METHODS A total of 9 patients diagnosed with vaccine-associated myopericarditis were followed up. RESULTS The mean age of the patient at diagnosis was 15.3 ± 1.0 (range: 14-17) years, and all patients were male. Seven patients presented with myocarditis symptoms after their second vaccine dose, one patient presented with pericarditis symptoms after his first dose, and the other patient presented with myocarditis symptoms after his booster dose. The median time at presenting to the hospital was 3 (range: 2-22) days. Seven (77.7%) patients had abnormal electrocardiography (ECG) findings, and the most prevalent finding was diffuse ST-segment elevation. Initial cardiac MRI results were abnormal in all patients, where 8 (88.8%) patients had late gadolinium enhancement, and 5 (55.5%) had myocardial edoema. Three patients showed local left ventricular wall-motion abnormalities. In their follow-up MRIs 3-6 months later, myocardial edoema was present in 2 (28.5%) patients, while late gadolinium enhancement was present in all patients (7/7, 100%, 2 patients did not have control MRI time). Hypokinetic segments were still present in one of the 3 patients. No negative cardiac events were observed in the short-term follow-up of any patient. CONCLUSION Further follow-up evaluation and larger multicenter studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of persistent cardiac MRI abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seval Özen
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Belgin Gülhan
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Harun Terin
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Mustafaoğlu
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Bayraktar
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Ece
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Fatih Üçkardeş
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
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10
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He Y, Sun M, Xu Y, Hu C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Fang J, Jin L. Weighted gene co-expression network-based identification of genetic effect of mRNA vaccination and previous infection on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Immunol 2023; 385:104689. [PMID: 36780771 PMCID: PMC9912041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect conferred by vaccination and previous infection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in molecular level, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to screen vaccination, prior infection and Omicron infection-related gene modules in 46 Omicron outpatients and 8 controls, and CIBERSORT algorithm was used to infer the proportions of 22 subsets of immune cells. 15 modules were identified, where the brown module showed positive correlations with Omicron infection (r = 0.35, P = 0.01) and vaccination (r = 0.62, P = 1 × 10-6). Enrichment analysis revealed that LILRB2 was the unique gene shared by both phosphatase binding and MHC class I protein binding. Pathways including "B cell receptor signaling pathway" and "FcγR-mediated phagocytosis" were enriched in the vaccinated samples of the highly correlated LILRB2. LILRB2 was also identified as the second hub gene through PPI network, after LCP2. In conclusion, attenuated LILRB2 transcription in PBMC might highlight a novel target in overcoming immune evasion and improving vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Chengxiang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jiaxin Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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11
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Azzi L, Dalla Gasperina D, Veronesi G, Shallak M, Maurino V, Baj A, Gianfagna F, Cavallo P, Dentali F, Tettamanti L, Maggi F, Maffioli LS, Tagliabue A, Accolla RS, Forlani G. Mucosal immune response after the booster dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. EBioMedicine 2023; 88:104435. [PMID: 36628844 PMCID: PMC9828819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, only a few studies reported data regarding the development of mucosal immune response after the BNT162b2-booster vaccination. METHODS Samples of both serum and saliva of 50 healthcare workers were collected at the day of the booster dose (T3) and after two weeks (T4). Anti-S1-protein IgG and IgA antibody titres and the neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan wild-type Receptor-Binding Domain in both serum and saliva were measured by quantitative and competitive ELISA, respectively. Data were compared with those recorded after the primary vaccination cycle (T2). Neutralizing antibodies against the variants of concern were measured in those individuals with anti-Wuhan neutralizing antibodies in their saliva. FINDINGS After eight months from the second dose, IgG decreased in both serum (T2GMC: 23,838.5 ng/ml; T3GMC: 1473.8 ng/ml) and saliva (T2GMC: 12.9 ng/ml; T3GMC: 0.3 ng/ml). Consistently, serum IgA decreased (T2GMC: 48.6 ng/ml; T3GMC: 6.4 ng/ml); however, salivary IgA showed a different behaviour and increased (T2GMC: 0.06 ng/ml; T3GMC: 0.41 ng/ml), indicating a delayed activation of mucosal immunity. The booster elicited higher titres of both IgG and IgA when compared with the primary cycle, in both serum (IgG T4GMC: 98,493.9 ng/ml; IgA T4GMC: 187.5 ng/ml) and saliva (IgG T4GMC: 21.9 ng/ml; IgA T4GMC: 0.65 ng/ml). Moreover, the booster re-established the neutralizing activity in the serum of all individuals, not only against the Wuhan wild-type antigen (N = 50; INH: 91.6%) but also against the variants (Delta INH: 91.3%; Delta Plus INH: 89.8%; Omicron BA.1 INH: 85.1%). By contrast, the salivary neutralizing activity was high against the Wuhan antigen in 72% of individuals (N = 36, INH: 62.2%), but decreased against the variants, especially against the Omicron BA.1 variant (Delta N = 27, INH: 43.1%; Delta Plus N = 24, INH: 35.2%; Omicron BA.1 N = 4; INH: 4.7%). This was suggestive for a different behaviour of systemic immunity observed in serum with respect to mucosal immunity described in saliva (Wald chi-square test, 3 df of interaction between variants and sample type = 308.2, p < 0.0001). INTERPRETATION The BNT162b2-booster vaccination elicits a strong systemic immune response but fails in activating an effective mucosal immunity against the Omicron BA.1 variant. FUNDING This work was funded by the Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, and supported by Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (COVID-19 Insieme per la ricerca di tutti, 2020), Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Azzi
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Dalla Gasperina
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Mariam Shallak
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology “Giovanna Tosi”, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Vittorio Maurino
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Cavallo
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy,Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Dentali
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lucia Tettamanti
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Tagliabue
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Sergio Accolla
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology “Giovanna Tosi”, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Greta Forlani
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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12
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Kaneko H, Tsuboi H. Depressive symptoms predict antibody titers after a second dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine among hospital workers in Japan. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:414-8. [PMID: 36116693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although factors associated with the antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine have been reported, psychological factors have not been examined. Depression or anxiety may affect vaccine reactions because these factors influence immune responses. This study aimed to determine whether psychological status at the time of vaccination predicts antibody responses. METHODS A prospective observational study of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine response was carried out among individuals attending for an annual health check-up. Participants included 78 volunteers out of 80 hospital workers in Nagoya, Japan. No participants had been infected with COVID-19 and all gave written informed consent to participate in the study. Blood samples were obtained approximately 28 days after the second dose of the vaccine, and antibody titers of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were determined using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. Participants completed the Japanese version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaire, one day before both vaccinations. Participants also recorded any adverse reactions, such as body temperature and other side effects, every day for two weeks after each dose. The relationships between antibody titers and the predictive factors were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis, with the antibody titers as the dependent variables, followed by univariate analysis. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that no or excessive alcohol intake (p = 0.039), poor results from a health check-up (p = 0.011), a longer duration between the second dose and blood collection (p = 0.039), and increased degree of depressive symptoms (p = 0.041) were significant negative predictors of antibody titers, while body temperature one day after the second dose as a significant positive predictor of antibody titers (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSION We identified that depressive symptoms just before the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 were an independent negative predictor of antibody responses, in addition to other factors. Our results highlight the importance of mental health at the time of vaccination to achieve the higher antibody responses necessary to acquire humoral immunity.
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13
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Basso M, Pirola N, Pascoli S, Bragato B, Vinci A, Iannetta M, Colombo F, Geremia N, Martignago L, Rossi MC, Cipriani L, Giobbia M, Scotton PG, Parisi SG. Humoral Response after Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Has a Role in Predicting Response after Three Doses That Is Related to Plasma HIV Viremia and Nadir CD4+ Cell Count in HIV-Positive Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36679927 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the spike IgG levels of HIV+ patients on antiretroviral therapy six months after they received their second dose (T2) and six months after the third dose (T3) of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, as well as the influence of different levels of plasma HIV viremia of overall CD4+ cell count and nadir value on the humoral time course. One hundred eighty-four patients were enrolled. The median age was 55 years, the median CD4+ cell count was 639 cells/mm3 and the median nadir value was 258 cells/mm3. On the basis of all tests performed during the study period, persistently undetectable plasma HIV RNA (PUD) was found in 66 patients, low-level viremia (LLV) in 57 and ongoing viremia (OV) in 61. Serum levels of IgG antibodies against a trimeric S-protein antigen were tested with DiaSorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG and the response was classified as optimal (>75th percentile), intermediate (50th−25th percentile) and low (<25th percentile). The frequencies of the three different patterns of plasma HIV viremia (PUD, LLV and OV) were comparable in patients with low, intermediate and optimal IgG response evaluated at T2, with no difference in overall CD4+ cell count or nadir count. At T3, 92.9% of patients achieved an optimal response: T2 response proved to be the most important factor in predicting T3 optimal response in patients with LLV and OV.A nadir value ≤ 330 cells/mm3 had 100% sensitivity in predicting a non-optimal response. In conclusion, we demonstrated the persistence of anti-spike IgG, with high serum levels occurring in most patients six months after the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and a predictive role of humoral response at T2 in subjects with detectable plasma HIV viremia. Immunological alterations related to past immunodeficiency may persist despite immune reconstitution, and the nadir value could be a useful tool for elaborating personalized vaccine schedules.
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14
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Yamaguchi Y, Nameki S, Kato Y, Saita R, Sato T, Nagao S, Murakami T, Yoshimine Y, Amiya S, Morita T, Okita Y, Kawasaki T, Fujimoto J, Ueda Y, Maeda Y, Watanabe A, Takamatsu H, Nishida S, Shima Y, Narazaki M, Kumanogoh A. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and anti-Omicron IgG induced by BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease: an explanatory study in Japan. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022; 32:100661. [PMID: 36569794 PMCID: PMC9763057 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD) patients are at high risk of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the medium-term effects of immunosuppressants on vaccine efficacy are unknown. We investigated the duration of humoral responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wild-type and Omicron variant in AIRD patients administered with two doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine. Methods Serum-neutralizing antibody (NAb) and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)/spike antibody levels were measured. Short- and medium-term effects of immunosuppressants were analyzed pre-vaccination (Term 1) and 14-42 days (Term 2) and 100-200 days (Term 3) after the second vaccination. Findings From Feb 1, 2021, to Feb 28, 2022, 439 AIRD patients and 146 healthy controls were investigated. The seropositivity rate and log10-NAb titers were significantly lower in AIRD patients than in controls at Terms 2 and 3. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFis) at Term 3, and older age, glucocorticoids, and abatacept at Terms 2 and 3 were risk factors for reduced responses. Anti-Omicron RBD/spike IgG levels strongly correlated with NAb titers. Interpretation Glucocorticoids, TNFis, and abatacept treatments negatively affect the longevity of humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron, after two vaccine doses. These findings may inform the timing of additional vaccination for AIRD patients. Funding Cloud Funding of Peace Winds Japan; Center of Innovation Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; Kansai Economic Federation; Mitsubishi Zaidan; and Research Grant from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nameki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Corresponding author. Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Saita
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sato
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagao
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Teruaki Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshimine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Saori Amiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Morita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Okita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Fujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Ueda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akane Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Laboratory of Thermo-Therapeutics for Vascular Dysfunction, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Laboratory of Thermo-Therapeutics for Vascular Dysfunction, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development—Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED–CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Braun E, Horowitz NA, Leiba R, Weissman A, Mekel M, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Hussein K, Halberthal M, Azzam ZS, Berger G. Association between IgG antibody levels and adverse events after first and second Bnt162b2 mRNA vaccine doses. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1644-1648. [PMID: 35843565 PMCID: PMC9283125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to correlate the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response level to the BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) mRNA vaccine after the first and second doses with the reported adverse events. METHODS This cohort study examined the adverse events profiles of people vaccinated with BNT162b2 in our institute between late 2020 and May 2021. Adverse events, age, and sex were reported using an electronic questionnaire, and their SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were retrieved from the hospital database. RESULTS Between 20 December 2020 and 31 May 2021, the adverse events questionnaire was completed by 9700 individuals who received the first vaccine dose and 8321 who received the second dose. After the first and second doses, the average antibody levels were 62.34 AU/mL (mean 4-373) and 188.19 AU/mL (mean 20-392), respectively. All of the adverse events, except local pain, were more common after the second vaccine dose. Multivariate analysis showed that after the first vaccine dose, female sex and younger age (but not IgG titres) were associated with a higher probability of adverse events (OR 2.377, 95% CI, 1.607-3.515, p = 0.000; OR 0.959, 95% CI, 0.944-0.977, p £0.000; OR 1.002, 95% CI, 0.995-1.008, p £0.601; respectively); however, all three parameters were associated with the incidence of adverse events after the second dose (OR 2.332, 95% CI, 1.636-3.322, p = 0.000; OR 0.984, 95% CI, 0.970-0.999, p £0.039; OR 1.004, 95% CI, 1.001-1.007, p £0.022; respectively). DISCUSSION Adverse events are significantly more common after the second BNT162b2 vaccine dose than after the first dose. We found an association between sex, age, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titre with the incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Braun
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine "H", Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Management, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Netanel A Horowitz
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Management, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronit Leiba
- Department of Biostatistics, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Weissman
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Management, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Mekel
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Management, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Shachor-Meyouhas
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Management, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Khetam Hussein
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Infection Control Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Halberthal
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Management, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaher S Azzam
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine "B", Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gidon Berger
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Management, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine "B", Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Hui AM, Li J, Zhu L, Tang R, Ye H, Lin M, Ge L, Wang X, Peng F, Wu Z, Guo X, Shi Y, Pan H, Zhu J, Song Z, Qiu J, Wang W, Zheng J, Ozhelvaci O, Shpyro S, Bushway M, Derhovanessian E, Kühnle MC, Luxemburger U, Muik A, Shishkova Y, Khondker Z, Hu S, Lagkadinou E, Şahin U, Türeci Ö, Zhu F. Immunogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in Chinese adults: A phase 2 randomised clinical trial. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022; 29:100586. [PMID: 36120090 PMCID: PMC9472569 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BNT162b2, an mRNA vaccine against COVID-19, is being utilised worldwide, but immunogenicity and safety data in Chinese individuals are limited. METHODS This phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included healthy or medically stable individuals aged 18-85 years enrolled at two clinical sites in China. Participants were stratified by age (≤55 or >55 years) and randomly assigned (3:1) by an independent randomisation professional to receive two doses of intramuscular BNT162b2 30 μg or placebo, administered 21 days apart. Study participants, study personnel, investigators, statisticians, and the sponsor's study management team were blinded to treatment assignment. Primary immunogenicity endpoints were the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralising antibodies to live severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and seroconversion rates (SCR) 1 month after the second dose. Safety assessments included reactogenicity within 14 days of vaccination, adverse events (AEs), and clinical laboratory parameters. Randomised participants who received at least one dose were included in the efficacy and safety analyses on a complete case basis (incomplete/missing data not imputed). Results up to 6 months after the second dose are reported. FINDINGS Overall, 959 participants (all of Han ethnicity) who were recruited between December 5th, 2020 and January 9th, 2021 received at least one injection (BNT162b2, n=720; placebo, n=239). At 1 month after the second dose, the 50% neutralising antibody GMT was 294.4 (95% CI; 281.1-308.4) in the BNT162b2 group and 5.0 (95% CI; 5.0-5.0) in the placebo group. SCRs were 99.7% (95% CI; 99.0%-100.0%) and 0% (95% CI; 0.0%-1.5%), respectively (p<0.0001 vs placebo). Although the GMT of neutralising antibodies in the BNT162b2 group was greatly reduced at 6 months after the second dose, the SCR still remained at 58.8%. BNT162b2-elicited sera neutralised SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. T-cell responses were detected in 58/73 (79.5%) BNT162b2 recipients. Reactogenicity was mild or moderate in severity and resolved within a few days after onset. Unsolicited AEs were uncommon at 1 month following vaccine administration, and there were no vaccine-related serious AEs at 1 month or 6 months after the second dose. INTERPRETATION BNT162b2 vaccination induced a robust immune response with acceptable tolerability in Han Chinese adults. However, follow-up duration was relatively short and COVID-19 rates were not assessed. Safety data collection is continuing until 12 months after the second dose. FUNDING BioNTech - sponsored the trial. Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development Inc. (Fosun Pharma) - conducted the trial, funded medical writing. CLINICALTRIALSGOV REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04649021. Trial status: Completed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingxin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Rong Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Huayue Ye
- Taizhou Vaccine Clinical Research Centre, Taizhou, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Fosun Pharma, Beijing, China
| | | | - Fuzhong Peng
- Taizhou Vaccine Clinical Research Centre, Taizhou, China
| | | | - Xiling Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxing Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Lianshui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui, China
| | - Zhizhou Song
- Lianshui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fengcai Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Wang X, Li H, Zeng G. Re: 'Association between IgG antibody levels and adverse events after first and second BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine doses' by Braun et al. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1671-1672. [PMID: 35981692 PMCID: PMC9378246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhou
- Urology Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiangting Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Guangting Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China,Corresponding author. Guangting Zeng, Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
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Grassi T, Lobreglio G, Panico A, Rosato C, Zizza A, Lazzari R, Chicone M, Indino F, Bagordo F. Kinetics of Humoral Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers after the Third Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111948. [PMID: 36423043 PMCID: PMC9696835 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines is compromised due to waning immunity over time. This study aimed to assess the level of antibodies anti-S-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of healthcare workers before and, on average, one and four months after the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. The determination of antibodies was carried out in serum samples using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). All 34 participants (10 males, 24 females, 19 participants <50 years old, 15 participants ≥50 years old) showed a significant antibody level increase after the booster dose. Subsequently, a significant decrease in the antibody concentration was observed, with a reduction of about 60% after 150 days from the booster. Six subjects were infected by SARS-CoV-2 after the booster and showed a significantly higher antibody concentration on average four months after the third dose compared to naïve ones. Male and female participants had a similar trend in the antibody decline, while older subjects, compared to the younger ones, had a slightly slower decrease, even if they developed a lower level of antibodies after the third dose. These findings support the importance of the booster dose and underline the need for surveillance programs to better understand the antibody kinetics and optimize vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giambattista Lobreglio
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Chiara Rosato
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Roberta Lazzari
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Chicone
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Floriano Indino
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
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Akgün Ö, Çakmak F, Guliyeva V, Demirkan FG, Tanatar A, Hançerli Torun S, Çin D, Meşe S, Ağaçfidan A, Aktay Ayaz N. Humoral response and safety of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in children with rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4482-4490. [PMID: 35353139 PMCID: PMC9383626 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine represents a cornerstone in tackling the pandemic and with the approval of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in December 2020, it has become a beacon of hope for people around the world, including children. This study aimed to present the data on the humoral response and safety of vaccine in a cohort of patients with paediatric rheumatic diseases receiving immunomodulatory treatments. METHODS Forty-one children with paediatric rheumatic diseases were included and were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (two doses of 30 µg administered 3-4 weeks apart). To assess the humoral response, IgG antibodies developed against the S1/Receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein at baseline and 3-4 weeks after the second dose were measured. The possible local and systemic side effects and disease activity scores were evaluated during the study period. RESULTS After the second dose of vaccine, markedly elevated anti-RBD IgG titres were observed in all patients with a median titre of 20 474 AU/ml [interquartile range (IQR) 6534-36 151] with a good safety profile. The median disease duration was 4.3 (IQR 3.5-5.6) years. In the cohort, 14 (34.1%) received conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs), 16 (39%) received biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) and 11 (26.8%) received a combined therapy (cDMARDs and bDMARDs). Patients treated with combined therapy [median 4695 (IQR 2764-26 491)] had significantly lower median titres of anti-RBD IgG than those receiving only cDMARDs. CONCLUSION Paediatric rheumatic diseases patients receiving immunomodulatory treatments were able to mount an effective humoral response after two dose regimens of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine safely without interrupting their current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Akgün
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
| | - Figen Çakmak
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
| | - Vafa Guliyeva
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Ayşe Tanatar
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Dilan Çin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Virology and Fundamental Immunology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Meşe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Virology and Fundamental Immunology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Ağaçfidan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Virology and Fundamental Immunology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuray Aktay Ayaz
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
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Guardiani M, Zingaropoli MA, Cogliati Dezza F, Centofanti A, Carillo C, Tortellini E, Dominelli F, Napoli A, Del Borgo C, Gaeta A, Venuta F, Vullo V, Lichtner M, Ciardi MR, Mastroianni CM, Russo G. Evaluation of Immunogenicity to Three Doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Lung Transplant Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10. [PMID: 36298507 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the humoral and T-cell response in lung transplant (LuT) patients. Two-time points were considered, before (T0) and after (Tpost) the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, comparing LuT with healthy donors (HD). LuT patients showed a lower serologic response against SARS-CoV-2 compared with HD at both time-points (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0011, respectively). A lower percentage of IFNγ+orIL2+orTNFα+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells LuT patients was observed in LuT patients compared with HD at T0 (CD4+: p = 0.0001; CD8+: p = 0.0005) and Tpost (CD4+: p = 0.0028; CD8+: p = 0.0114), as well as in the percentage of IFNγ+IL2+TNFα+CD4+ T-cells (T0: p = 0.0247; Tpost: p = 0.0367). Finally, at Tpost, a lower percentage of IFNγ+IL2+TNFα+ CD8+ T-cells in LuT patients compared with HD was found (p = 0.0147). LuT patients were stratified according to the lowest cut-off value for the detection of a humoral response (4.81 BAU/mL) at T0, into responder (R) and non-responder (NR) groups. In the R group, no differences in the percentage of IFNγ+or IL2+orTNFα+ and IFNγ+IL2+TNFα+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells compared with HD at both time-points were observed. Otherwise, in the NR group, lower percentages of IFNγ+IL2+TNFα+CD4+ T-cells compared with the R group (T0: p = 0.0159; Tpost: p = 0.0159), as well as compared with the HD, at both time-points, were observed (T0: p = 0.0064; Tpost: p = 0.0064). These data seem to confirm that some LuT patients can mount cellular responses even in the absence of a positive humoral response (>33.8 BAU/mL), although this cellular response is dysfunctional and partially detrimental.
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Nakajima T, Nagano T, Miyata Y, Murakami S, Mitsuyuki S, Funakoshi Y, Yakushijin K, Horimoto H, Nishimura Y, Kobayashi K. Inhaled corticosteroids do not affect the antibody titer against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated patients. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022; 18:78. [PMID: 36008820 PMCID: PMC9403962 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Oral corticosteroids reduce the antibody titer of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. To date, the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on antibody titers is unknown. Study design The design of this study is retrospective study. Methods We analyzed the relationship between the clinical features and total antibody titers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein in 320 subjects who had never been infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and were vaccinated the second time with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine between October 1 to December 28, 2021. Results Of the 320 subjects, 205 were treated with inhaled corticosteroids. The median antibody titer of patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids was 572 U/mL, which was significantly higher than that of patients treated without inhaled corticosteroids (454U/mL, P = 0.00258). The median antibody titers of smokers, men, and patients aged 65 years and over, were 315.5 U/mL, 385 U/mL, and 425.5 U/mL, respectively. These results are significantly lower than those of patients who never smoked, women, and patients aged less than 64 years (582 U/mL [P < 0.0001], 682.5 U/mL [P < 0.0001], and 717 U/mL [P < 0.0001], respectively). The multivariate analysis revealed that females and age were independent antibody titer-reducing factors (P = 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions The use of inhaled corticosteroids did not reduce the antibody titer against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Clinicians should continue treatment with inhaled corticosteroids if indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakajima
- Nakajima Medical Clinic, 1-8-3 Mikagenakamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0054, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Miyata
- Division of Bioresource Research and Development, Department of Social/Community Medicine and Health Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-1 Minatojimanakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shoko Murakami
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitsuyuki
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1, Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yohei Funakoshi
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Yakushijin
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Horimoto
- Horimoto Clinic, 4-4-23, Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0072, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitaharima Medical Center, 926-250 Ichiba-cho, Ono, Hyogo, 675-1392, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Capuano R, Altieri M, Conte M, Bisecco A, d'Ambrosio A, Donnarumma G, Grimaldi E, Coppola N, Medici N, Galdiero M, Tedeschi G, Gallo A. Humoral response and safety of the third booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab or fingolimod. J Neurol 2022; 269:6185-6192. [PMID: 35879563 PMCID: PMC9314242 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of the safety and the humoral response to a third booster dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is relevant in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) treated with Ocrelizumab (OCR) or Fingolimod (FNG). METHODS Serum samples were collected from Healthy controls (HCs) and pwMS treated with OCR or FNG at the following time-points: before the first of two vaccine doses (T0); 8 (T1), 16 (T2), 24 (T3) weeks after the first dose; within 8 weeks before (T0b) and after (T1b) the booster dose. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein (Anti-TSP IgG) were quantified and expressed as binding antibody units (BAU)/mL. RESULTS 40 HCs, 28 pwMS on OCR and 19 on FNG were included. At T0b 12 (42.9%) pwMS on OCR and 6 (31.6%) on FNG were still positive while, at T1b 16 (57.14%) pwMS on OCR and 16 (84.2%) on FNG, passed the threshold of positivity. The increase of Anti-TSP IgG levels at T1b was higher for: (i) HCs with respect to OCR (p < 0.001) and FNG (p = 0.032) groups; (ii) pwMS on FNG compared with pwMS on OCR (p < 0.001). No socio-demographic, clinical or laboratory variables were able to predict the anti-TSP IgG increase between T0b and T1b. Neither clinical relapses nor severe adverse events were reported in pwMS after each dose of vaccine. CONCLUSIONS The third booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to OCR- and FNG-treated pwMS revives the humoral response, independently of any clinical variable, and manifests a good safety and tolerability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Capuano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology Unit, AOU San Giovanni and Ruggi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Manuela Altieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Miriana Conte
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alvino Bisecco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro d'Ambrosio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Grimaldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Medici
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Criscuolo E, Giuliani B, Ferrari D, Ferrarese R, Diotti RA, Clementi M, Mancini N, Clementi N. Proper Selection of In Vitro Cell Model Affects the Characterization of the Neutralizing Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2022; 14:1232. [PMID: 35746703 PMCID: PMC9230092 DOI: 10.3390/v14061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Our aim is the evaluation of the neutralizing activity of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-induced antibodies in different in vitro cellular models, as this still represents one of the surrogates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 viral variants. (2) Methods: The entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in three cell lines (Vero E6, Vero E6/TMPRSS2 and Calu-3) were evaluated with both pseudoviruses and whole virus particles. The neutralizing capability of sera collected from vaccinated subjects was characterized through cytopathic effects and Real-Time RT PCR. (3) Results: In contrast to Vero E6 and Vero E6/TMPRSS2, Calu-3 allowed the evaluation of both viral entry mechanisms, resembling what occurs during natural infection. The choice of an appropriate cellular model can decisively influence the determination of the neutralizing activity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Indeed, the lack of correlation between neutralizing data in Calu-3 and Vero E6 demonstrated that testing the antibody inhibitory activity by using a single cell model possibly results in an inaccurate characterization. (4) Conclusions: Cellular systems allowing only one of the two viral entry pathways may not fully reflect the neutralizing activity of vaccine-induced antibodies moving increasingly further away from possible correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Benedetta Giuliani
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Davide Ferrari
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Roberta A. Diotti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
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Desmecht S, Tashkeev A, El Moussaoui M, Marechal N, Perée H, Tokunaga Y, Fombellida-Lopez C, Polese B, Legrand C, Wéry M, Mni M, Fouillien N, Toussaint F, Gillet L, Bureau F, Lutteri L, Hayette MP, Moutschen M, Meuris C, Vermeersch P, Desmecht D, Rahmouni S, Darcis G. Kinetics and Persistence of the Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2-Naive and -Experienced Subjects: Impact of Booster Dose and Breakthrough Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863554. [PMID: 35711445 PMCID: PMC9195074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding and measuring the individual level of immune protection and its persistence at both humoral and cellular levels after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is mandatory for the management of the vaccination booster campaign. Our prospective study was designed to assess the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in triggering the cellular and humoral immune response in healthcare workers up to 12 months after the initial vaccination, with one additional boosting dose between 6 and 12 months. Methods This prospective study enrolled 208 healthcare workers (HCWs) from the Liège University Hospital (CHU) of Liège in Belgium. Participants received two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) and a booster dose 6-12 months later. Fifty participants were SARS-CoV-2 experienced and 158 were naïve before the vaccination. Blood sampling was performed at the day of the first (T0) and second (T1) vaccine doses administration, then at 2 weeks (T2), 4 weeks (T3), 6 months (T4) and 12 months (T5) after the second dose. Between T4 and T5, participants also got the third boosting vaccine dose. A total of 1145 blood samples were collected. All samples were tested for the presence of anti-Spike antibodies, using the DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 Trimeric S IgG assay, and for anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies, using Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-like variant strain were quantified in all samples using a Vero E6 cell-based neutralization assay. Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated at T4 and T5 on 80 and 55 participants, respectively, by measuring the secretion of IFN-γ on peripheral blood lymphocytes using the QuantiFERON Human IFN-γ SARS-CoV-2, from Qiagen. We analyzed separately the naïve and experienced participants. Findings We found that anti-spike antibodies and neutralization capacity levels were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 experienced HCWs compared to naïve HCWs at all time points analyzed except the one after boosting dose. Cellular immune response was also higher in experienced HCWs six months following vaccination. Besides the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection history on immune response to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, we observed a significant negative association between age and persistence of humoral response. The booster dose induced an increase in humoral and cellular immune responses, particularly in naive individuals. Breakthrough infections resulted in higher cellular and humoral responses after the booster dose. Conclusions Our data strengthen previous findings demonstrating that immunization through vaccination combined with natural infection is better than 2 vaccine doses immunization or natural infection alone. The benefit of the booster dose was greater in naive individuals. It may have implications for personalizing mRNA vaccination regimens used to prevent severe COVID-19 and reduce the impact of the pandemic on the healthcare system. More specifically, it may help prioritizing vaccination, including for the deployment of booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Desmecht
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Medical Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-I3, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aleksandr Tashkeev
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Medical Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Majdouline El Moussaoui
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-I3, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicole Marechal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hélène Perée
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Medical Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yumie Tokunaga
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Medical Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Celine Fombellida-Lopez
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-I3, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Barbara Polese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-I3, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA) Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Legrand
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-I3, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA) Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Wéry
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Medical Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Myriam Mni
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Medical Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Fouillien
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Medical Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Françoise Toussaint
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Immunology-Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-I3, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA) Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutteri
- Clinical Chemistry Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Michel Moutschen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-I3, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Meuris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Medical Genomics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-I3, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Institute (GIGA)-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
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25
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Panico A, Lobreglio G, Bagordo F, Zizza A, De Donno A, Rosato C, Lazzari R, Chicone M, Indino F, Recchia V, Alifano P, Grassi T. Antibody Response in Healthcare Workers before and after the Third Dose of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Pilot Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060862. [PMID: 35746470 PMCID: PMC9229040 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to the development of various vaccines. The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was the first approved due to its efficacy in eliciting a humoral immunity response after the second dose. However, a decrease in the antibody concentration was observed over time. Therefore, the administration of a third dose was scheduled, primarily for frail people and workers of essential public activities. The aim of this study was to assess the level of antibodies against the spike (S) RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers before and after the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, according to sex, age, and the time interval between vaccine doses and tests. All 37 (12 males, 25 females, 19 < 50 years old, 18 ≥ 50 years old) healthcare workers recruited showed a consistent antibody titer increase after the third dose. Data analysis showed that the antibody concentration before the third dose significantly decreased as the time interval up to the test increased, and a significantly higher level was shown in young than older people. Cluster analysis revealed that young females had a higher antibody level than older females before the third dose (p < 0.05). This study indicated the benefit of the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine and its effect on leveling up the humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (A.D.D.); (P.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Giambattista Lobreglio
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.L.); (C.R.); (R.L.); (M.C.); (F.I.)
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonella Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-422306
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (A.D.D.); (P.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Chiara Rosato
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.L.); (C.R.); (R.L.); (M.C.); (F.I.)
| | - Roberta Lazzari
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.L.); (C.R.); (R.L.); (M.C.); (F.I.)
| | - Michele Chicone
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.L.); (C.R.); (R.L.); (M.C.); (F.I.)
| | - Floriano Indino
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.L.); (C.R.); (R.L.); (M.C.); (F.I.)
| | - Virginia Recchia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (A.D.D.); (P.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (A.D.D.); (P.A.); (T.G.)
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26
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Hibino M, Watanabe S, Kamada R, Tobe S, Maeda K, Horiuchi S, Kondo T. Antibody Responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Healthcare Workers in a General Hospital in Japan: A Comparison of Two Assays for Anti-spike Protein Immunoglobulin G. Intern Med 2022; 61:811-819. [PMID: 34980798 PMCID: PMC8987260 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8704-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in Japanese healthcare workers. Methods In this prospective cohort study, participants received two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on days 0 and 21 and provided blood for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing before the first vaccine and on days 21 and 35 after vaccination. Anti-spike protein immunoglobulin G (S-IgG) was measured using Abbott and Fujirebio chemiluminescent immunoassays. Patients One hundred healthcare workers (median age: 39 years old, interquartile range: 30-48 years old), including 6 who had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 3 individuals taking immunosuppressive drugs, participated in the study. Results The S-IgG antibody titers (AU/mL) measured using both the Abbott and Fujirebio assays increased significantly (p<0.001) over time, both with a prevalence of 100% at 35 days after the first vaccination. The multivariate log-normal linear regression analysis indicated the effect of immunosuppressant medication using both the Abbott (p=0.013) and Fujirebio (p=0.039) assays on S-IgG levels after complete vaccination. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the Abbott and Fujirebio S-IgG results in all 300 samples collected before and after vaccination and 50 positive controls from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 were 0.963 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.954-0.970, p<0.001] and 0.909 (95% CI: 0.845-0.948, p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective at increasing S-IgG levels in Japanese immunocompetent healthcare workers. The Fujirebio S-IgG assay showed high diagnostic accuracy, using the Abbott S-IgG assay as the reference test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Japan
| | - Riko Kamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Japan
| | - Shunichi Tobe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazunari Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Japan
| | - Shigeto Horiuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Japan
| | - Tetsuri Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Japan
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27
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Cuapio A, Boulouis C, Filipovic I, Wullimann D, Kammann T, Parrot T, Chen P, Akber M, Gao Y, Hammer Q, Strunz B, Pérez Potti A, Rivera Ballesteros O, Lange J, Muvva JR, Bergman P, Blennow O, Hansson L, Mielke S, Nowak P, Söderdahl G, Österborg A, Smith CIE, Bogdanovic G, Muschiol S, Hellgren F, Loré K, Sobkowiak MJ, Gabarrini G, Healy K, Sällberg Chen M, Alici E, Björkström NK, Buggert M, Ljungman P, Sandberg JK, Aleman S, Ljunggren HG. NK cell frequencies, function and correlates to vaccine outcome in BNT162b2 mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Mol Med 2022; 28:20. [PMID: 35135470 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses have been studied extensively in the course of mRNA vaccination against COVID-19. Considerably fewer studies have assessed the effects on innate immune cells. Here, we characterized NK cells in healthy individuals and immunocompromised patients in the course of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA prospective, open-label clinical vaccine trial. See trial registration description in notes. Results revealed preserved NK cell numbers, frequencies, subsets, phenotypes, and function as assessed through consecutive peripheral blood samplings at 0, 10, 21, and 35 days following vaccination. A positive correlation was observed between the frequency of NKG2C+ NK cells at baseline (Day 0) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab titers following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination at Day 35. The present results provide basic insights in regards to NK cells in the context of mRNA vaccination, and have relevance for future mRNA-based vaccinations against COVID-19, other viral infections, and cancer.Trial registration: The current study is based on clinical material from the COVAXID open-label, non-randomized prospective clinical trial registered at EudraCT and clinicaltrials.gov (no. 2021-000175-37). Description: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04780659?term=2021-000175-37&draw=2&rank=1 .
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28
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Yoshida K, Sakaki A, Matsuyama Y, Mushino T, Matsumoto M, Sonoki T, Tamura S. Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Following BNT162b2 mRNA Coronavirus Disease Vaccination in a Japanese Patient. Intern Med 2022; 61:407-412. [PMID: 34803105 PMCID: PMC8866790 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8568-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A 57-year-old man without underlying diseases presented with fatigue, loss of appetite, and jaundice 1 week after receiving the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and showed hemolytic anemia with fragmented erythrocytes and severe thrombocytopenia 2 weeks after receiving the vaccine. An a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) activity level of <10% and ADAMTS13 inhibitor positivity confirmed the diagnosis of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Combination therapy with plasma exchange, corticosteroid, and rituximab improved the clinical outcome. We herein report the first Japanese case of TTP possibly associated with vaccination. Physicians should be alert for this rare but life-threatening hematological complication following COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikuaki Yoshida
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakaki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoriko Matsuyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hashimoto Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mushino
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsumoto
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Takashi Sonoki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tamura
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
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Greco M, Cucci F, Portulano P, Lazzari RA, Caldararo C, Sicuro F, Catanese C, Lobreglio G. Effects of Influenza Vaccination on the Response to BNT162b2 Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers. J Clin Med Res 2022; 13:549-555. [PMID: 35059073 PMCID: PMC8734511 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine-induced immunity is at present the main strategy to stop the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent evidences suggested a protective effect of influenza vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, while impact on the immune response to BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine is under investigation. Methods We aimed to evaluate this aspect in a cohort of 297 healthcare workers (108 males, 189 females) after seasonal influenza vaccination compared to no-flu-vaccination. VAX+ (165 individuals; 63 males and 102 females) had tetravalent influenza vaccine, and VAX- (132 individuals; 45 males and 87 females) had no flu vaccination. Anti-spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) level was tested 15 - 70 days after BNT162b2 second inoculum. Results Increased antibody response was observed in total VAX+ compared to VAX- (2,047.4 vs. 1,494.2 binding antibody unit (BAU)/mL, P = 0.0039), independently from gender and body mass index (BMI). Younger total individuals (< 35 years) showed significant increase of the level of binding antibodies (2,184.8 vs. 1,590.9 BAU/mL, P = 0.0038) compared to ≥ 35 years; young/old difference was lost restricting to VAX+ subgroup. Flu vaccinations appear associated to better antibody response in older individuals (P = 0.027, ≥ 35 years VAX+ vs. VAX-). A decreasing trend during time was observed for both VAX+ and VAX-, except for < 35 years VAX- individuals. Early response was higher in VAX+ compared to VAX-; however a more rapid waning was observed in VAX+ subjects. Conclusions Our data showed better antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in subjects already vaccinated against seasonal influenza; this may represent one of the mechanisms underlying the cross-protective effects of influenza vaccination against heterologous infections reported in recent epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Greco
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, Vito Fazzi General Hospital ASL-Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federico Cucci
- Nursing Science University of Bari at Vito Fazzi General Hospital ASL-Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Cosimo Caldararo
- Nursing Science University of Bari at Vito Fazzi General Hospital ASL-Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Fernando Sicuro
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, Vito Fazzi General Hospital ASL-Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carmelo Catanese
- Intensive Care Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital ASL-Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giambattista Lobreglio
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, Vito Fazzi General Hospital ASL-Lecce, Lecce, Italy
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Wu B, Mittal N, Adler ED, Hong KN. Acute myocarditis after receiving first dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. J Cardiol Cases 2022; 25:348-350. [PMID: 35018202 PMCID: PMC8739668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old man with history of prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection developed pleuritic chest pain 3 days after receiving the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Echocardiography results were significant for mild dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed myocardial edema as well as delayed enhancement in the inferior wall of the basal left ventricular myocardium, suggestive of acute myocarditis. This case describes the work-up, diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management of acute myocarditis post BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nikita Mittal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eric D Adler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly N Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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Fujita Y, Yoshida K, Ichikawa D, Shibagaki Y, Yazawa M. Abrupt worsening of occult IgA nephropathy after the first dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. CEN Case Rep 2022; 11:302-308. [PMID: 34988883 PMCID: PMC8731180 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-021-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a case of abrupt onset of gross hematuria and nephrotic range proteinuria after the first dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, which led to a diagnosis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). A Japanese woman in their forties with a significant medical history of occult blood by urine dipstick test (over the past 3 years) presented with fever, chills, shivering, marked thrombocytopenia, and gross hematuria 9 days after the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer) against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was first suspected as the cause of the severe thrombocytopenia, TMA was clinically excluded after two sessions of plasma exchange were performed. Renal biopsy was performed as the patient's platelet count improved. We made a diagnosis of acute worsening IgAN, triggered by the first dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In this case, we speculated that vaccine-induced immune activation may be involved in the exacerbation of occult IgAN, leading to the definite diagnosis. We should pay more attention to the development/worsening of clinically significant kidney disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination not only in those with known glomerular disease but also in those with only mild urinary abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Fujita
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Masahiko Yazawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
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Azzi L, Dalla Gasperina D, Veronesi G, Shallak M, Ietto G, Iovino D, Baj A, Gianfagna F, Maurino V, Focosi D, Maggi F, Ferrario MM, Dentali F, Carcano G, Tagliabue A, Maffioli LS, Accolla RS, Forlani G. Mucosal immune response in BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine recipients. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103788. [PMID: 34954658 PMCID: PMC8718969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine is known to induce IgG neutralizing antibodies in serum protecting against COVID-19, it has not been studied in detail whether it could generate specific immunity at mucosal sites, which represent the primary route of entry of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Samples of serum and saliva of 60 BNT162b2-vaccinated healthcare workers were collected at baseline, two weeks after the first dose and two weeks after the second dose. Anti-S1-protein IgG and IgA total antibodies titres and the presence of neutralizing antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain in both serum and saliva were measured by quantitative and by competitive ELISA, respectively. FINDINGS Complete vaccination cycle generates a high serum IgG antibody titre as a single dose in previously infected seropositive individuals. Serum IgA concentration reaches a plateau after a single dose in seropositive individuals and two vaccine doses in seronegative subjects. After the second dose IgA level was higher in seronegative than in seropositive subjects. In saliva, IgG level is almost two orders of magnitude lower than in serum, reaching the highest values after the second dose. IgA concentration remains low and increases significantly only in seropositive individuals after the second dose. Neutralizing antibody titres were much higher in serum than in saliva. INTERPRETATION The mRNA BNT162b2 vaccination elicits a strong systemic immune response by drastically boosting neutralizing antibodies development in serum, but not in saliva, indicating that at least oral mucosal immunity is poorly activated by this vaccination protocol, thus failing in limiting virus acquisition upon its entry through this route. FUNDING This work was funded by the Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, and partially supported by Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (COVID-19 Insieme per la ricerca di tutti, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Azzi
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Daniela Dalla Gasperina
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Mariam Shallak
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ietto
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Domenico Iovino
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Maurino
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Mario Ferrario
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Dentali
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Angelo Tagliabue
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Sergio Accolla
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Greta Forlani
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Israel A, Shenhar Y, Green I, Merzon E, Golan-Cohen A, Schäffer AA, Ruppin E, Vinker S, Magen E. Large-Scale Study of Antibody Titer Decay following BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:vaccines10010064. [PMID: 35062724 PMCID: PMC8781423 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune protection following either vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2 is thought to decrease over time. We designed a retrospective study, conducted at Leumit Health Services in Israel, to determine the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies following administration of two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, or SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals. Antibody titers were measured between 31 January 2021, and 31 July 2021 in two mutually exclusive groups: (i) vaccinated individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine and had no history of previous infection with COVID-19 and (ii) SARS-CoV-2 convalescents who had not received the vaccine. A total of 2653 individuals fully vaccinated by two doses of vaccine during the study period and 4361 convalescent patients were included. Higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were observed in vaccinated individuals (median 1581 AU/mL IQR [533.8–5644.6]) after the second vaccination than in convalescent individuals (median 355.3 AU/mL IQR [141.2–998.7]; p < 0.001). In vaccinated subjects, antibody titers decreased by up to 38% each subsequent month while in convalescents they decreased by less than 5% per month. Six months after BNT162b2 vaccination 16.1% subjects had antibody levels below the seropositivity threshold of <50 AU/mL, while only 10.8% of convalescent patients were below <50 AU/mL threshold after 9 months from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study demonstrates individuals who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine have different kinetics of antibody levels compared to patients who had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with higher initial levels but a much faster exponential decrease in the first group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Israel
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-697-0485
| | - Yotam Shenhar
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Ilan Green
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Avivit Golan-Cohen
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alejandro A. Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eli Magen
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Medicine C Department, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel
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Dodig D, Fritzler MJ, Naraghi A, Tarnopolsky MA, Lu JQ. Immune-mediated Necrotizing Myopathy following BNT162b2 Vaccination in a Patient with Antibodies against Receptor-binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 and Signal Recognition Particle. Muscle Nerve 2021; 65:E11-E13. [PMID: 34970746 PMCID: PMC9015424 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Dodig
- Division of Neurology, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ali Naraghi
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Toronto Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Medicine/Neurology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Berar-Yanay N, Freiman S, Shapira M, Saffoury A, Elemy A, Hamze M, Elhaj M, Zaher M, Matanis L, Armaly ZA. Waning Humoral Response 3 to 6 Months after Vaccination with the SARS-COV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Dialysis Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010064. [PMID: 35011801 PMCID: PMC8745040 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: The short-term reported antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccination in dialysis patients is high, with a seroconversion response rate up to 97%. Data on the long-term durability of this response are scarce. Our objective was to characterize the long-term anti-spike antibody level in dialysis patients. Design, setting, participants, and measurements: In an observational study, we measured SARS-COV-2 anti-spike antibody levels in dialysis patients who completed 2 doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA SAR S-COV-2 vaccine at 1, 3 and 6 months after the second vaccine dose. We compared the response to dialysis patients who were infected with COVD-19 and to a control group of healthcare-employees. Results: One hundred and forty-two dialysis patients who had been vaccinated (ages 64 ± 11.9 years, 61% male), 33 dialysis patients who had COVID-19 infection (ages 54 ± 14.3 years, 55% male) and 104 individuals in the control group (ages 50 ± 12.2 years, 44% male) were included. The response rate in the vaccinated dialysis patients was 94%, 78% and 73% at 1, 3 and 6 months after the second vaccine dose. In the COVID-19 infected dialysis group and in the control group, the response rate remained at 100% over 6 months. The percentage of change in antibody levels between one and 6 months was −66% in the vaccinated dialysis group, −28% in the control group (p < 0.001) and +48% in dialysis patients who had been infected with COVID-19 (p < 0.001). A non-responder status at 6 months was associated with a lower albumin level. No serious adverse events following vaccination were reported. In conclusion: the initially high response rate to the BNT162b2 vaccine in dialysis patients decreases rapidly. Our results indicate that an early booster (3rd) dose, at three months after the second dose, may be advised for this population to preserve the humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Berar-Yanay
- Department of Nephrology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 38100, Israel
- Correspondence: (N.B.-Y.); (Z.A.A.); Fax: +972-74-755-9067 (Z.A.A.)
| | - Sarit Freiman
- Laboratory Division Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 38100, Israel; (S.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Maʹanit Shapira
- Laboratory Division Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 38100, Israel; (S.F.); (M.S.)
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Amer Saffoury
- Department of Victory-COVID-19, Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth 19152, Israel; (A.S.); (A.E.)
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 52100, Israel
| | - Ameer Elemy
- Department of Victory-COVID-19, Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth 19152, Israel; (A.S.); (A.E.)
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 52100, Israel
| | - Munir Hamze
- Department of Nephrology and hypertension, Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth 19152, Israel; (M.H.); (M.E.); (M.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Mohamad Elhaj
- Department of Nephrology and hypertension, Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth 19152, Israel; (M.H.); (M.E.); (M.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Maha Zaher
- Department of Nephrology and hypertension, Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth 19152, Israel; (M.H.); (M.E.); (M.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Loai Matanis
- Department of Nephrology and hypertension, Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth 19152, Israel; (M.H.); (M.E.); (M.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Zaher Anis Armaly
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 52100, Israel
- Department of Nephrology and hypertension, Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth 19152, Israel; (M.H.); (M.E.); (M.Z.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.-Y.); (Z.A.A.); Fax: +972-74-755-9067 (Z.A.A.)
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Vizcarra P, Haemmerle J, Velasco H, Velasco T, Fernández-Escribano M, Vallejo A, Casado JL. BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine Reactogenicity: The key role of immunity. Vaccine 2021; 39:7367-7374. [PMID: 34802792 PMCID: PMC8580836 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impact of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity on BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine reactogenicity. Of 96 healthcare workers (HCWs), 76% reported any vaccine reaction (first dose: 70%, second dose: 67%), none of which was severe. Following first dose, systemic reactions were significantly more frequent among HCWs with past infection than in infection-naïve individuals, and among HCWs with pre-existing cellular immunity than in those without it. The rate of systemic reactions after second dose was 1.7 and 2.0-times higher than after first dose among infection-naïve HCWs and those without pre-existing cellular immunity, respectively. Levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells before vaccination were higher in HCWs with systemic reactions after the first dose than in those without them. BNT162b2 vaccine reactogenicity after first dose is attributable to pre-existing cellular immunity elicited by prior COVID-19 or cross-reactivity. Reactogenicity following second dose suggests an immunity-boosting effect. Overall, these data may reduce negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines. Study Registration. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04402827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain.
| | - Johannes Haemmerle
- Department of Prevention of Occupational Risks, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Hector Velasco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain; Laboratory of Immunovirology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Tamara Velasco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Marina Fernández-Escribano
- Department of Prevention of Occupational Risks, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain; Laboratory of Immunovirology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - José L Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain
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Farkash I, Feferman T, Cohen-Saban N, Avraham Y, Morgenstern D, Mayuni G, Barth N, Lustig Y, Miller L, Shouval DS, Biber A, Kirgner I, Levin Y, Dahan R. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies elicited by COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exhibit a unique glycosylation pattern. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110114. [PMID: 34883043 PMCID: PMC8610888 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 induce a robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response with potent viral neutralization activity. Antibody effector functions are determined by their constant region subclasses and by their glycosylation patterns, but their role in vaccine efficacy is unclear. Moreover, whether vaccination induces antibodies similar to those in patients with COVID-19 remains unknown. We analyze BNT162b2 vaccine-induced IgG subclass distribution and Fc glycosylation patterns and their potential to drive effector function via Fcγ receptors and complement pathways. We identify unique and dynamic pro-inflammatory Fc compositions that are distinct from those in patients with COVID-19 and convalescents. Vaccine-induced anti-Spike IgG is characterized by distinct Fab- and Fc-mediated functions between different age groups and in comparison to antibodies generated during natural viral infection. These data highlight the heterogeneity of Fc responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination and suggest that they support long-lasting protection differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Farkash
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Medicine "T", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Tali Feferman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noy Cohen-Saban
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yahel Avraham
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Morgenstern
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Grace Mayuni
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Natasha Barth
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liron Miller
- Blood Services, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262101, Israel
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqwa 4920235, Israel
| | - Asaf Biber
- The Center for Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262101, Israel
| | - Ilya Kirgner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rony Dahan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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38
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Canti L, Humblet-Baron S, Desombere I, Neumann J, Pannus P, Heyndrickx L, Henry A, Servais S, Willems E, Ehx G, Goriely S, Seidel L, Michiels J, Willems B, Liston A, Ariën KK, Beguin Y, Goossens ME, Marchant A, Baron F. Predictors of neutralizing antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccination in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:174. [PMID: 34689821 PMCID: PMC8542409 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors affecting response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients remain to be elucidated. METHODS Forty allo-HCT recipients were included in a study of immunization with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine at days 0 and 21. Binding antibodies (Ab) to SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) were assessed at days 0, 21, 28, and 49 while neutralizing Ab against SARS-CoV-2 wild type (NT50) were assessed at days 0 and 49. Results observed in allo-HCT patients were compared to those obtained in 40 healthy adults naive of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood cells was performed before vaccination to identify potential predictors of Ab responses. RESULTS Three patients had detectable anti-RBD Ab before vaccination. Among the 37 SARS-CoV-2 naive patients, 20 (54%) and 32 (86%) patients had detectable anti-RBD Ab 21 days and 49 days postvaccination. Comparing anti-RBD Ab levels in allo-HCT recipients and healthy adults, we observed significantly lower anti-RBD Ab levels in allo-HCT recipients at days 21, 28 and 49. Further, 49% of allo-HCT patients versus 88% of healthy adults had detectable NT50 Ab at day 49 while allo-HCT recipients had significantly lower NT50 Ab titers than healthy adults (P = 0.0004). Ongoing moderate/severe chronic GVHD (P < 0.01) as well as rituximab administration in the year prior to vaccination (P < 0.05) correlated with low anti-RBD and NT50 Ab titers at 49 days after the first vaccination in multivariate analyses. Compared to healthy adults, allo-HCT patients without chronic GVHD or rituximab therapy had comparable anti-RBD Ab levels and NT50 Ab titers at day 49. Flow cytometry analyses before vaccination indicated that Ab responses in allo-HCT patients were strongly correlated with the number of memory B cells and of naive CD4+ T cells (r > 0.5, P < 0.01) and more weakly with the number of follicular helper T cells (r = 0.4, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Chronic GVHD and rituximab administration in allo-HCT recipients are associated with reduced Ab responses to BNT162b2 vaccination. Immunological markers could help identify allo-HCT patients at risk of poor Ab response to mRNA vaccination. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at clinicaltrialsregister.eu on 11 March 2021 (EudractCT # 2021-000673-83).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Canti
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Desombere
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, 642 Engelandstraat, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Julika Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Pannus
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, 642 Engelandstraat, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Leo Heyndrickx
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Henry
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Servais
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Willems
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Grégory Ehx
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Laurence Seidel
- Department of Biostatistics, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Johan Michiels
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Betty Willems
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maria E Goossens
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, 642 Engelandstraat, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium.
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Hematology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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39
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Ripabelli G, Tamburro M, Buccieri N, Adesso C, Caggiano V, Cannizzaro F, Di Palma MA, Mantuano G, Montemitro VG, Natale A, Rodio L, Sammarco ML. Active Surveillance of Adverse Events in Healthcare Workers Recipients After Vaccination with COVID-19 BNT162b2 Vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech, Comirnaty): A Cross-Sectional Study. J Community Health 2021; 47:211-225. [PMID: 34628568 PMCID: PMC8501918 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-01039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, adverse events after the first and second dose of BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech, Comirnaty) vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 were investigated among employees of clinics in central Italy. A 42-items questionnaire was administrated to vaccine recipients. Adverse events were classified based on severity and occurrence as reported in the literature. A descriptive/univariate analysis using Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests was performed. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess risk factors. 340 individuals (61.5% females; median age 49 years) participated. Adverse events were reported by 279 (82%) and 281 (82.6%) individuals as induced by the first and second dose, respectively. Mild reactions were mainly reported (80.9% and 80.3%), followed by moderate (11.8% and 37.1%) and severe (3.8% and 4.7%). Adverse events were identical to those already described as very common (81.8% and 80.6%), although vaccine-coincidental events not cited in the literature were reported by 6% and 15.6% following each dose. Age ≤ 55 years was a risk factor for any adverse event after each injection (ORs: 2.942 and 2.818), as well as female sex for those mild (ORs: 1.856 and 2.818) and common (ORs: 3.452 and 2.145). Findings were consistent with national reports as most of the adverse events were mild and associated with female sex and young age, while investigations are needed for reactions not described elsewhere. Data are useful to support the vaccine safety profile, also because largely targeted healthcare personnel more skilled than general population in self-diagnosis of health-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ripabelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy. .,School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Manuela Tamburro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Adesso
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valeria Caggiano
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fabio Cannizzaro
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michela Anna Di Palma
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gloria Mantuano
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Anna Natale
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Leonardo Rodio
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michela Lucia Sammarco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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40
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Iheanacho CO, Eze UIH, Adida EA. A systematic review of effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA and ChAdOx1 adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines in the general population. Bull Natl Res Cent 2021; 45:150. [PMID: 34456555 PMCID: PMC8383253 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-021-00607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is essential for the pandemic control. This study systematically reviewed available evidence on effectiveness of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines in the general population, for improved vaccine policies and strategies. MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT Using several keywords, a search of Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar and Hinari databases was conducted from December 1, 2020 to June 9, 2021. Eligible studies comprising original studies reporting effectiveness of the vaccines, were included following PRISMA guidelines. Individual studies were assessed for quality using National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute quality assessment tool. A total of 1766 titles were retrieved and 11 were included, out of which only 5 were peer-reviewed. Although data availability was limited, studies suggest equivalent effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality. Vaccine effectiveness increased steadily to about 35 days, with an enhanced effectiveness following the second dose. SHORT CONCLUSION BNT162 and ChAdOx1 vaccines were associated with equivalent and high effectiveness which increased with time and a second dose in the general population. This encourages continued practice of other preventive measures, particularly during the first week of vaccination, and reinforces the need for a second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinonyerem O. Iheanacho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabar, Calabar, PMB 1115 Nigeria
| | - Uchenna I. H. Eze
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmarcy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel A. Adida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabar, Calabar, PMB 1115 Nigeria
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41
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Wi YM, Kim SH, Peck KR. Early Adverse Events between mRNA and Adenovirus-Vectored COVID-19 Vaccines in Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:931. [PMID: 34452055 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination campaigns are important to control the COVID-19 pandemic, however, adverse events (AEs) contribute to vaccine hesitancy. To investigate and compare early AEs between the BNT162b2 mRNA and AZD1222 adenovirus-vectored vaccines, recipients completed daily surveys about local and systemic reactions for 7 days after each dose, respectively. A total of 80 and 1440 healthcare workers received two doses of BNT162b2 and a first dose of AZD1222 vaccines. Any AEs were reported by 52.5% of recipients after the first dose of BNT162b2, by 76.2% after the second dose of BNT162b2, and by 90.9% after the first dose of AZD1222 (p < 0.001). Younger vaccinees had more AEs after the second dose of BNT162b2 and first dose of AZD1222. Sex based differences were only observed in the AZD1222 recipient group. No incidence of anaphylaxis or neurologic AEs were observed. In conclusion, early AEs were mostly mild to moderate in severity and generally transient in both BNT162b2 and AZD1222 groups. Sufficient explanation of the expected AEs of the vaccine would be helpful for wider vaccination.
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42
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Benda M, Mutschlechner B, Ulmer H, Grabher C, Severgnini L, Volgger A, Reimann P, Lang T, Atzl M, Huynh M, Gasser K, Petrausch U, Fraunberger P, Hartmann B, Winder T. Serological SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, potential predictive markers and safety of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in haematological and oncological patients. Br J Haematol 2021; 195:523-531. [PMID: 34346068 PMCID: PMC8444745 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Haemato‐oncological patients are at risk in case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Currently, vaccination is the best‐evaluated preventive strategy. In the present study, we aimed to assess serological response, predictive markers, and safety of BNT162b2 in haemato‐oncological patients. A total of 259 haemato‐oncological patients were vaccinated with two 30 µg doses of BNT162b2 administered 21 days apart. Serological response was assessed by ELECSYS® Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐S immunoassay before vaccination, and at 3 and 7 weeks after the first dose (T1, T2). Safety assessment was performed. At T2 spike protein receptor binding domain (S/RBD) antibodies were detected in 71·4% of haematological and in 94·5% of oncological patients (P < 0·001). Haematological patients receiving systemic treatment had a 14·2‐fold increased risk of non‐responding (95% confidence interval 3·2–63·3, P = 0·001). Subgroups of patients with lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were at highest risk of serological non‐response. Low immunoglobulin G (IgG) level, lymphocyte‐ and natural killer (NK)‐cell counts were significantly associated with poor serological response (P < 0·05). Vaccination was well tolerated with only 2·7% of patients reporting severe side‐effects. Patients with side‐effects developed a higher S/RBD‐antibody titre compared to patients without side‐effects (P = 0·038). Haematological patients under treatment were at highest risk of serological non‐response. Low lymphocytes, NK cells and IgG levels were found to be associated with serological non‐response. Serological response in oncological patients was encouraging. The use of BNT162b2 is safe in haemato‐oncological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Benda
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.,Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Beatrix Mutschlechner
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Luciano Severgnini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Andreas Volgger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Patrick Reimann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Theresia Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Michele Atzl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Minh Huynh
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Klaus Gasser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Ulf Petrausch
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Onkozentrum Zürich, Swiss Tumor Immunology Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bernd Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Thomas Winder
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Kontopoulou K, Ainatzoglou A, Nakas CT, Ifantidou A, Goudi G, Antoniadou E, Adamopoulos V, Papadopoulos N, Papazisis G. Second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine: Value of timely administration but questionable necessity among the seropositive. Vaccine 2021; 39:5078-5081. [PMID: 34344551 PMCID: PMC8325516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study monitored titers of neutralizing IgG against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit 14 days post-injection of each dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in 401 Greek healthcare workers aged 20–67. After the first dose, titers varied upon age and history of infection, being lower in the 50+ age group and significantly higher among the seropositive. After the second dose, immunogenicity was significantly boosted in the age 50+ and SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals, indicating the effectuality of its timely administration, yet questioning its value among the seropositive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Ainatzoglou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos T Nakas
- Laboratory of Biometry, University of Thessaly, Magnesia, Greece; University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Athina Ifantidou
- Department of Microbiology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Goudi
- Department of Cardiology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Antoniadou
- Intensive Care Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios Adamopoulos
- Department of Microbiology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikitas Papadopoulos
- Department of Microbiology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Papazisis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Clinical Trials Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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