1
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Nix CD, Messer WB, Boda A, MacKay KT, Holmquist J, Adams LL, Gladwin E, Pfeiffer CD. Preventing unnecessary urine cultures at a Veteran's affairs healthcare system. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38525672 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2024.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Nix
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University (OHSU-PSU) School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy Boda
- Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kimberly T MacKay
- Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer Holmquist
- Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - La'Tonzia L Adams
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric Gladwin
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher D Pfeiffer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
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2
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Fazli S, Thomas A, Estrada AE, Ross HA, Xthona Lee D, Kazmierczak S, Slifka MK, Montefiori D, Messer WB, Curlin ME. Contralateral second dose improves antibody responses to a 2-dose mRNA vaccination regimen. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176411. [PMID: 38227381 PMCID: PMC10940087 DOI: 10.1172/jci176411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDVaccination is typically administered without regard to site of prior vaccination, but this factor may substantially affect downstream immune responses.METHODSWe assessed serological responses to initial COVID-19 vaccination in baseline seronegative adults who received second-dose boosters in the ipsilateral or contralateral arm relative to initial vaccination. We measured serum SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific Ig, receptor-binding domain-specific (RBD-specific) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-specific IgG, and neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2.D614G (early strain) and SARS-CoV-2.B.1.1.529 (Omicron) at approximately 0.6, 8, and 14 months after boosting.RESULTSIn 947 individuals, contralateral boosting was associated with higher spike-specific serum Ig, and this effect increased over time, from a 1.1-fold to a 1.4-fold increase by 14 months (P < 0.001). A similar pattern was seen for RBD-specific IgG. Among 54 pairs matched for age, sex, and relevant time intervals, arm groups had similar antibody levels at study visit 2 (W2), but contralateral boosting resulted in significantly higher binding and neutralizing antibody titers at W3 and W4, with progressive increase over time, ranging from 1.3-fold (total Ig, P = 0.007) to 4.0-fold (pseudovirus neutralization to B.1.1.529, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn previously unexposed adults receiving an initial vaccine series with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, contralateral boosting substantially increases antibody magnitude and breadth at times beyond 3 weeks after vaccination. This effect should be considered during arm selection in the context of multidose vaccine regimens.FUNDINGM.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, OHSU Foundation, NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana Thomas
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, and
| | - Abram E. Estrada
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - David Xthona Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven Kazmierczak
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, and
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Department of Occupational Health
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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3
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Ozonoff A, Jayavelu ND, Liu S, Melamed E, Milliren CE, Qi J, Geng LN, McComsey GA, Cairns CB, Baden LR, Schaenman J, Shaw AC, Samaha H, Seyfert-Margolis V, Krammer F, Rosen LB, Steen H, Syphurs C, Dandekar R, Shannon CP, Sekaly RP, Ehrlich LIR, Corry DB, Kheradmand F, Atkinson MA, Brakenridge SC, Higuita NIA, Metcalf JP, Hough CL, Messer WB, Pulendran B, Nadeau KC, Davis MM, Sesma AF, Simon V, van Bakel H, Kim-Schulze S, Hafler DA, Levy O, Kraft M, Bime C, Haddad EK, Calfee CS, Erle DJ, Langelier CR, Eckalbar W, Bosinger SE, Peters B, Kleinstein SH, Reed EF, Augustine AD, Diray-Arce J, Maecker HT, Altman MC, Montgomery RR, Becker PM, Rouphael N. Features of acute COVID-19 associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 phenotypes: results from the IMPACC study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:216. [PMID: 38172101 PMCID: PMC10764789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is a significant public health concern. We describe Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) on 590 participants prospectively assessed from hospital admission for COVID-19 through one year after discharge. Modeling identified 4 PRO clusters based on reported deficits (minimal, physical, mental/cognitive, and multidomain), supporting heterogenous clinical presentations in PASC, with sub-phenotypes associated with female sex and distinctive comorbidities. During the acute phase of disease, a higher respiratory SARS-CoV-2 viral burden and lower Receptor Binding Domain and Spike antibody titers were associated with both the physical predominant and the multidomain deficit clusters. A lower frequency of circulating B lymphocytes by mass cytometry (CyTOF) was observed in the multidomain deficit cluster. Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was significantly elevated in the mental/cognitive predominant and the multidomain clusters. Future efforts to link PASC to acute anti-viral host responses may help to better target treatment and prevention of PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Ozonoff
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shanshan Liu
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Carly E Milliren
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Grace A McComsey
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Lindsey R Baden
- Boston Clinical Site: Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Schaenman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert C Shaw
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lindsey B Rosen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Boston Clinical Site: Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Syphurs
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Casey P Shannon
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Research, St. Paul's Hospital, and the PROOF Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - David B Corry
- Baylor College of Medicine, and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Baylor College of Medicine, and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- University of Florida/University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David A Hafler
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Boston Clinical Site: Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Elias K Haddad
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David J Erle
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles R Langelier
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Walter Eckalbar
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alison D Augustine
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrice M Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Ozonoff A, Schaenman J, Jayavelu ND, Milliren CE, Calfee CS, Cairns CB, Kraft M, Baden LR, Shaw AC, Krammer F, van Bakel H, Esserman DA, Liu S, Sesma AF, Simon V, Hafler DA, Montgomery RR, Kleinstein SH, Levy O, Bime C, Haddad EK, Erle DJ, Pulendran B, Nadeau KC, Davis MM, Hough CL, Messer WB, Agudelo Higuita NI, Metcalf JP, Atkinson MA, Brakenridge SC, Corry D, Kheradmand F, Ehrlich LIR, Melamed E, McComsey GA, Sekaly R, Diray-Arce J, Peters B, Augustine AD, Reed EF, Altman MC, Becker PM, Rouphael N. Corrigendum to "Phenotypes of disease severity in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: results from the IMPACC study" [eBioMedicine 83 (2022) 104208]. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104860. [PMID: 37918220 PMCID: PMC10643088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Al Ozonoff
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Schaenman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Carly E Milliren
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Lindsey R Baden
- Boston Clinical Site: Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert C Shaw
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise A Esserman
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Hafler
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ofer Levy
- Boston Clinical Site: Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elias K Haddad
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Erle
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark A Atkinson
- University of Florida, Gainesville and University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- University of Florida, Gainesville and University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Corry
- Baylor College of Medicine, The Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Baylor College of Medicine, The Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alison D Augustine
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Patrice M Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Bates TA, Leier HC, McBride SK, Schoen D, Lyski ZL, Lee DX, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG. An extended interval between vaccination and infection enhances hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165265. [PMID: 36701200 PMCID: PMC10077480 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2 will be important globally. Official weekly cases have not dropped below 2 million since September of 2020, and continued emergence of novel variants has created a moving target for our immune systems and public health alike. The temporal aspects of COVID-19 immunity, particularly from repeated vaccination and infection, are less well understood than short-term vaccine efficacy. In this study, we explored the effect of combined vaccination and infection, also known as hybrid immunity, and the timing thereof on the quality and quantity of antibodies elicited in a cohort of 96 health care workers. We found robust neutralizing antibody responses among those with hybrid immunity; these hybrid immune responses neutralized all variants, including BA.2. Neutralizing titers were significantly improved for those with longer vaccine-infection intervals of up to 400 days compared with those with shorter intervals. These results indicate that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses undergo continual maturation following primary exposure by either vaccination or infection for at least 400 days after last antigen exposure. We show that neutralizing antibody responses improved upon secondary boosting, with greater potency seen after extended intervals. Our findings may also extend to booster vaccine doses, a critical consideration in future vaccine campaign strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
| | - David X. Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
- Division of Infectious Diseases, and
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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6
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Powers JM, Lyski ZL, Weber WC, Denton M, Streblow MM, Mayo AT, Haese NN, Nix CD, Rodríguez-Santiago R, Alvarado LI, Rivera-Amill V, Messer WB, Streblow DN. Infection with chikungunya virus confers heterotypic cross-neutralizing antibodies and memory B-cells against other arthritogenic alphaviruses predominantly through the B domain of the E2 glycoprotein. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011154. [PMID: 36913428 PMCID: PMC10036167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with Chikungunya virus, a mosquito-borne alphavirus, cause an acute febrile syndrome often followed by chronic arthritis that persists for months to years post-infection. Neutralizing antibodies are the primary immune correlate of protection elicited by infection, and the major goal of vaccinations in development. Using convalescent blood samples collected from both endemic and non-endemic human subjects at multiple timepoints following suspected or confirmed chikungunya infection, we identified antibodies with broad neutralizing properties against other alphaviruses within the Semliki Forest complex. Cross-neutralization generally did not extend to the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEEV) complex, although some subjects had low levels of VEEV-neutralizing antibodies. This suggests that broadly neutralizing antibodies elicited following natural infection are largely complex restricted. In addition to serology, we also performed memory B-cell analysis, finding chikungunya-specific memory B-cells in all subjects in this study as remotely as 24 years post-infection. We functionally assessed the ability of memory B-cell derived antibodies to bind to chikungunya virus, and related Mayaro virus, as well as the highly conserved B domain of the E2 glycoprotein thought to contribute to cross-reactivity between related Old-World alphaviruses. To specifically assess the role of the E2 B domain in cross-neutralization, we depleted Mayaro and Chikungunya virus E2 B domain specific antibodies from convalescent sera, finding E2B depletion significantly decreases Mayaro virus specific cross-neutralizing antibody titers with no significant effect on chikungunya virus neutralization, indicating that the E2 B domain is a key target of cross-neutralizing and potentially cross-protective neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Powers
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Whitney C. Weber
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Magdalene M. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Adam T. Mayo
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Chad D. Nix
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | | | - Luisa I. Alvarado
- Ponce Health Sciences University/ Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | | | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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7
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Bates TA, Leier HC, McBride SK, Schoen D, Lyski ZL, Lee DX, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG. The time between vaccination and infection impacts immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. medRxiv 2023:2023.01.02.23284120. [PMID: 36656773 PMCID: PMC9844016 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.02.23284120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2 will be globally important. Official weekly cases have not dropped below 2 million since September of 2020, and continued emergence of novel variants have created a moving target for our immune systems and public health alike. The temporal aspects of COVID-19 immunity, particularly from repeated vaccination and infection, are less well understood than short-term vaccine efficacy. In this study, we explore the impact of combined vaccination and infection, also known as hybrid immunity, and the timing thereof on the quality and quantity of antibodies produced by a cohort of 96 health care workers. We find robust neutralizing antibody responses among those with hybrid immunity against all variants, including Omicron BA.2, and we further found significantly improved neutralizing titers with longer vaccine-infection intervals up to 400 days. These results indicate that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses undergo continual maturation following primary exposure by either vaccination or infection for at least 400 days after last antigen exposure. We show that neutralizing antibody responses improved upon secondary boosting with greater impact seen after extended intervals. Our findings may also extend to booster vaccine doses, a critical consideration in future vaccine campaign strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Hans C. Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Devin Schoen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - David X. Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
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8
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Bates TA, Lu P, Kang YJ, Schoen D, Thornton M, McBride SK, Park C, Kim D, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG, Lu LL. BNT162b2-induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody functions against SARS-CoV-2 diminish with age. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111544. [PMID: 36252569 PMCID: PMC9533669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Each severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant renews concerns about decreased vaccine neutralization weakening efficacy. However, while prevention of infection varies, protection from disease remains and implicates immunity beyond neutralization in vaccine efficacy. Polyclonal antibodies function through Fab domains that neutralize virus and Fc domains that induce non-neutralizing responses via engagement of Fc receptors on immune cells. To understand how vaccines promote protection, we leverage sera from 51 SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals after two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We show that neutralizing activities against clinical isolates of wild-type and five SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.2, link to FcγRIIIa/CD16 non-neutralizing effector functions. This is associated with post-translational afucosylation and sialylation of vaccine-specific antibodies. Further, polyfunctional neutralizing and non-neutralizing breadth, magnitude, and coordination diminish with age. Thus, studying Fc functions in addition to Fab-mediated neutralization provides greater insight into vaccine efficacy for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, against SARS-CoV-2 and novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Pei Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ye Jin Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Devin Schoen
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Micah Thornton
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Savannah K McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Chanhee Park
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marcel E Curlin
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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Ozonoff A, Schaenman J, Jayavelu ND, Milliren CE, Calfee CS, Cairns CB, Kraft M, Baden LR, Shaw AC, Krammer F, van Bakel H, Esserman DA, Liu S, Sesma AF, Simon V, Hafler DA, Montgomery RR, Kleinstein SH, Levy O, Bime C, Haddad EK, Erle DJ, Pulendran B, Nadeau KC, Davis MM, Hough CL, Messer WB, Higuita NIA, Metcalf JP, Atkinson MA, Brakenridge SC, Corry D, Kheradmand F, Ehrlich LI, Melamed E, McComsey GA, Sekaly R, Diray-Arce J, Peters B, Augustine AD, Reed EF, Altman MC, Becker PM, Rouphael N, Ozonoff A, Schaenman J, Jayavelu ND, Milliren CE, Calfee CS, Cairns CB, Kraft M, Baden LR, Shaw AC, Krammer F, van Bakel H, Esserman DA, Liu S, Sesma AF, Simon V, Hafler DA, Montgomery RR, Kleinstein SH, Levy O, Bime C, Haddad EK, Erle DJ, Pulendran B, Nadeau KC, Davis MM, Hough CL, Messer WB, Higuita NIA, Metcalf JP, Atkinson MA, Brakenridge SC, Corry D, Kheradmand F, Ehrlich LI, Melamed E, McComsey GA, Sekaly R, Diray-Arce J, Peters B, Augustine AD, Reed EF, McEnaney K, Barton B, Lentucci C, Saluvan M, Chang AC, Hoch A, Albert M, Shaheen T, Kho AT, Thomas S, Chen J, Murphy MD, Cooney M, Presnell S, Fragiadakis GK, Patel R, Guan L, Gygi J, Pawar S, Brito A, Khalil Z, Maguire C, Fourati S, Overton JA, Vita R, Westendorf K, Salehi-Rad R, Leligdowicz A, Matthay MA, Singer JP, Kangelaris KN, Hendrickson CM, Krummel MF, Langelier CR, Woodruff PG, Powell DL, Kim JN, Simmons B, Goonewardene IM, Smith CM, Martens M, Mosier J, Kimura H, Sherman AC, Walsh SR, Issa NC, Dela Cruz C, Farhadian S, Iwasaki A, Ko AI, Chinthrajah S, Ahuja N, Rogers AJ, Artandi M, Siegel SA, Lu Z, Drevets DA, Brown BR, Anderson ML, Guirgis FW, Thyagarajan RV, Rousseau JF, Wylie D, Busch J, Gandhi S, Triplett TA, Yendewa G, Giddings O, Anderson EJ, Mehta AK, Sevransky JE, Khor B, Rahman A, Stadlbauer D, Dutta J, Xie H, Kim-Schulze S, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, van de Guchte A, Farrugia K, Khan Z, Maecker HT, Elashoff D, Brook J, Ramires-Sanchez E, Llamas M, Rivera A, Perdomo C, Ward DC, Magyar CE, Fulcher JA, Abe-Jones Y, Asthana S, Beagle A, Bhide S, Carrillo SA, Chak S, Fragiadakis GK, Ghale R, Gonzalez A, Jauregui A, Jones N, Lea T, Lee D, Lota R, Milush J, Nguyen V, Pierce L, Prasad PA, Rao A, Samad B, Shaw C, Sigman A, Sinha P, Ward A, Willmore A, Zhan J, Rashid S, Rodriguez N, Tang K, Altamirano LT, Betancourt L, Curiel C, Sutter N, Paz MT, Tietje-Ulrich G, Leroux C, Connors J, Bernui M, Kutzler MA, Edwards C, Lee E, Lin E, Croen B, Semenza NC, Rogowski B, Melnyk N, Woloszczuk K, Cusimano G, Bell MR, Furukawa S, McLin R, Marrero P, Sheidy J, Tegos GP, Nagle C, Mege N, Ulring K, Seyfert-Margolis V, Conway M, Francisco D, Molzahn A, Erickson H, Wilson CC, Schunk R, Sierra B, Hughes T, Smolen K, Desjardins M, van Haren S, Mitre X, Cauley J, Li X, Tong A, Evans B, Montesano C, Licona JH, Krauss J, Chang JBP, Izaguirre N, Chaudhary O, Coppi A, Fournier J, Mohanty S, Muenker MC, Nelson A, Raddassi K, Rainone M, Ruff WE, Salahuddin S, Schulz WL, Vijayakumar P, Wang H, Wunder Jr. E, Young HP, Zhao Y, Saksena M, Altman D, Kojic E, Srivastava K, Eaker LQ, Bermúdez-González MC, Beach KF, Sominsky LA, Azad AR, Carreño JM, Singh G, Raskin A, Tcheou J, Bielak D, Kawabata H, Mulder LCF, Kleiner G, Lee AS, Do ED, Fernandes A, Manohar M, Hagan T, Blish CA, Din HN, Roque J, Yang S, Brunton A, Sullivan PE, Strnad M, Lyski ZL, Coulter FJ, Booth JL, Sinko LA, Moldawer LL, Borresen B, Roth-Manning B, Song LZ, Nelson E, Lewis-Smith M, Smith J, Tipan PG, Siles N, Bazzi S, Geltman J, Hurley K, Gabriele G, Sieg S, Vaysman T, Bristow L, Hussaini L, Hellmeister K, Samaha H, Cheng A, Spainhour C, Scherer EM, Johnson B, Bechnak A, Ciric CR, Hewitt L, Carter E, Mcnair N, Panganiban B, Huerta C, Usher J, Ribeiro SP, Altman MC, Becker PM, Rouphael N. Phenotypes of disease severity in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Results from the IMPACC study. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104208. [PMID: 35952496 PMCID: PMC9359694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better understanding of the association between characteristics of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and outcome is needed to further improve upon patient management. METHODS Immunophenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 Cohort (IMPACC) is a prospective, observational study of 1164 patients from 20 hospitals across the United States. Disease severity was assessed using a 7-point ordinal scale based on degree of respiratory illness. Patients were prospectively surveyed for 1 year after discharge for post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC) through quarterly surveys. Demographics, comorbidities, radiographic findings, clinical laboratory values, SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology were captured over a 28-day period. Multivariable logistic regression was performed. FINDINGS The median age was 59 years (interquartile range [IQR] 20); 711 (61%) were men; overall mortality was 14%, and 228 (20%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. Unsupervised clustering of ordinal score over time revealed distinct disease course trajectories. Risk factors associated with prolonged hospitalization or death by day 28 included age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.01; 95% CI 1.28-3.17), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.13-2.57), elevated baseline creatinine (OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.63- 4.80) or troponin (OR 1.89; 95% 1.03-3.47), baseline lymphopenia (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.61-2.97), presence of infiltrate by chest imaging (OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.96-5.10), and high SARS-CoV2 viral load (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.17-2.00). Fatal cases had the lowest ratio of SARS-CoV-2 antibody to viral load levels compared to other trajectories over time (p=0.001). 589 survivors (51%) completed at least one survey at follow-up with 305 (52%) having at least one symptom consistent with PASC, most commonly dyspnea (56% among symptomatic patients). Female sex was the only associated risk factor for PASC. INTERPRETATION Integration of PCR cycle threshold, and antibody values with demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory/radiographic findings identified risk factors for 28-day outcome severity, though only female sex was associated with PASC. Longitudinal clinical phenotyping offers important insights, and provides a framework for immunophenotyping for acute and long COVID-19. FUNDING NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Ozonoff
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joanna Schaenman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Carly E. Milliren
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Charles B. Cairns
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Monica Kraft
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Boston Clinical Site: Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Florian Krammer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Denise A. Esserman
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - David A. Hafler
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Yale School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ofer Levy
- Boston Clinical Site: Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Elias K. Haddad
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David J. Erle
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordan P. Metcalf
- Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- University of Florida, Gainesville and University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Scott C. Brakenridge
- University of Florida, Gainesville and University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - David Corry
- Baylor College of Medicine, and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Baylor College of Medicine, and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Esther Melamed
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Rafick Sekaly
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alison D. Augustine
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Patrice M. Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Yang D, Hansel DE, Curlin ME, Townes JM, Messer WB, Fan G, Qin X. Bimodal distribution pattern associated with the PCR cycle threshold (Ct) and implications in COVID-19 infections. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14544. [PMID: 36008543 PMCID: PMC9406279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is notable for its extremely high level of viral replication in respiratory epithelial cells, relative to other cell types. This may partially explain the high transmissibility and rapid global dissemination observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) number has been widely used as a proxy for viral load based on the inverse relationship between Ct number and amplifiable genome copies present in a sample. We examined two PCR platforms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019-nCoV Real-time RT-PCR, Integrated DNA Technologies; and TaqPath COVID-19 multi-plex combination kit, ThermoFisher Scientific) for their performance characteristics and Ct distribution patterns based on results generated from 208,947 clinical samples obtained between October 2020 and September 2021. From 14,231 positive tests, Ct values ranged from 8 to 39 and displayed a pronounced bimodal distribution. The bimodal distribution persisted when stratified by gender, age, and time period of sample collection during which different viral variants circulated. This finding may be a result of heterogeneity in disease progression or host response to infection irrespective of age, gender, or viral variants. Quantification of respiratory mucosal viral load may provide additional insight into transmission and clinical indicators helpful for infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L-113, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L-113, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Marcel E Curlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - John M Townes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Guang Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L-113, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L-113, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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11
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Bates TA, Lu P, Kang YJ, Schoen D, Thornton M, McBride SK, Park C, Kim D, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG, Lu LL. BNT162b2 induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody functions against SARSCoV-2 diminish with age. medRxiv 2022:2022.08.12.22278726. [PMID: 36032979 PMCID: PMC9413715 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.12.22278726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Each novel SARS-CoV-2 variant renews concerns about decreased vaccine efficacy caused by evasion of vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies. However, accumulating epidemiological data show that while vaccine prevention of infection varies, protection from severe disease and death remains high. Thus, immune responses beyond neutralization could contribute to vaccine efficacy. Polyclonal antibodies function through their Fab domains that neutralize virus directly, and Fc domains that induce non-neutralizing host responses via engagement of Fc receptors on immune cells. To understand how vaccine induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing activities synergize to promote protection, we leverage sera from 51 SARS-CoV-2 uninfected health-care workers after two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We show that BNT162b2 elicits antibodies that neutralize clinical isolates of wildtype and five variants of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron BA.2, and, critically, induce Fc effector functions. FcγRIIIa/CD16 activity is linked to neutralizing activity and associated with post-translational afucosylation and sialylation of vaccine specific antibodies. Further, neutralizing and non-neutralizing functions diminish with age, with limited polyfunctional breadth, magnitude and coordination observed in those ≥65 years old compared to <65. Thus, studying Fc functions in addition to Fab mediated neutralization provides greater insight into vaccine efficacy for vulnerable populations such as the elderly against SARS-CoV-2 and novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Pei Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ye jin Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Devin Schoen
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Micah Thornton
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Chanhee Park
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Lenette L. Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Parkland Health & Hospital System
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12
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Bates TA, McBride SK, Leier HC, Lyski ZL, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG. Hybrid immunity and vaccine breakthrough lead to robust humoral response and antibodies that effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.65.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Current COVID-19 vaccines significantly reduce overall morbidity and mortality and are vitally important to halting the pandemic; individuals who previously recovered from COVID-19 display enhanced immune responses after vaccination (hybrid immunity) compared to their naïve-vaccinated peers. However, the effects of vaccine breakthrough infections on humoral immune response remain to be determined. Here, we measure neutralizing antibody responses from 104 vaccinated individuals including those with breakthrough infections, hybrid immunity, and no infection history. We find that human immune sera collected after either a breakthrough infection or a vaccination post-natural infection will both broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants to a similar degree. While age negatively correlates with antibody response after vaccination alone, no such association was found in breakthrough or hybrid immune groups. Together, our data suggest that the additional antigen exposure from natural infection substantially boosts the quantity, quality, and breadth of humoral immune response regardless of whether it occurs before or after vaccination.
Supported by grants from the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, OHSU Innovative IDEA grant (1018784), NIH (R01AI145835, T32HL083808), and an unrestricted grant from the OHSU Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- 1Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Savannah K McBride
- 1Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | - Zoe L Lyski
- 1Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - William B Messer
- 1Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University
- 3Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Marcel E Curlin
- 3Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- 1Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University
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13
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Song X, Coulter FJ, Yang M, Smith JL, Tafesse FG, Messer WB, Reif JH. A lyophilized colorimetric RT-LAMP test kit for rapid, low-cost, at-home molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7043. [PMID: 35487969 PMCID: PMC9052177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to fast and reliable nucleic acid testing continues to play a key role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the context of increased vaccine break-through risks due to new variants. We report a rapid, low-cost (~ 2 USD), simple-to-use nucleic acid test kit for self-administered at-home testing without lab instrumentation. The entire sample-to-answer workflow takes < 60 min, including noninvasive sample collection, one-step RNA preparation, reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) in a thermos, and direct visual inspection of a colorimetric test result. To facilitate long-term storage without cold-chain, a fast one-pot lyophilization protocol was developed to preserve all required biochemical reagents of the colorimetric RT-LAMP test in a single microtube. Notably, the lyophilized RT-LAMP assay demonstrated reduced false positives as well as enhanced tolerance to a wider range of incubation temperatures compared to solution-based RT-LAMP reactions. We validated our RT-LAMP assay using simulated infected samples, and detected a panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants with successful detection of all variants that were available to us at the time. With a simple change of the primer set, our lyophilized RT-LAMP home test can be easily adapted as a low-cost surveillance platform for other pathogens and infectious diseases of global public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Felicity J Coulter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jessica L Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Program in Epidemiology, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - John H Reif
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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14
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Lyski ZL, Brunton AE, Strnad MI, Sullivan PE, Siegel SAR, Tafesse FG, Slifka MK, Messer WB. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-Specific Memory B Cells From Individuals With Diverse Disease Severities Recognize SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:947-956. [PMID: 34865053 PMCID: PMC8922005 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has called for substantial investigations into the capacity of the human immune system to protect against reinfection and keep pace with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated the magnitude and durability of the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses against parental WA-1 SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and a representative variant of concern (VoC) RBD using antibodies from 2 antibody compartments: long-lived plasma cell-derived plasma antibodies and antibodies encoded by SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells (MBCs). Thirty-five participants naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated; although only 25 of 35 participants had VoC RBD-reactive plasma antibodies, 34 of 35 (97%) participants had VoC RBD-reactive MBC-derived antibodies. Our finding that 97% of previously infected individuals have MBCs specific for variant RBDs provides reason for optimism regarding the capacity of vaccination, prior infection, and/or both, to elicit immunity with the capacity to limit disease severity and transmission of VoCs as they arise and circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amanda E Brunton
- Oregon Health and Science University–Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matt I Strnad
- Oregon Health and Science University–Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Peter E Sullivan
- Oregon Health and Science University–Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah A R Siegel
- Oregon Health and Science University–Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark K Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Health and Science University–Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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15
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Cohen M, Nguyen M, Nix CD, Case B, Nickerson JP, Bernard J, Durrant J, Safarpour D, Tucker T, Vagnerova K, Messer WB. Case Report: Yellow Fever Vaccine-Associated Neurotropic Disease and Associated MRI, EEG, and CSF Findings. Front Neurol 2022; 12:779014. [PMID: 35309283 PMCID: PMC8931735 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.779014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) is a rare and serious complication following vaccination with the 17D live attenuated yellow fever vaccine. Cases of YEL-AND have presented as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and meningoencephalitis. To date, intracranial imaging of the progression and resolution of this disease has been minimally depicted in the literature. We present the case of a 67-year-old woman who developed YEL-AND following vaccination. Her diagnosis was complicated by imaging findings consistent with variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease. Her clinical history and the progression of her intracranial imaging is discussed in this case report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madeline Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Chad D. Nix
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brendan Case
- Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joshua P. Nickerson
- Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jacqueline Bernard
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Julia Durrant
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Delaram Safarpour
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tarvez Tucker
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kamila Vagnerova
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University (OHSU-PSU) School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: William B. Messer
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16
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Bates TA, McBride SK, Leier HC, Guzman G, Lyski ZL, Schoen D, Winders B, Lee JY, Lee DX, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG. Vaccination before or after SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to robust humoral response and antibodies that effectively neutralize variants. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn8014. [PMID: 35076258 PMCID: PMC8939472 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines effectively reduce overall morbidity and mortality and are vitally important to controlling the pandemic. Individuals who previously recovered from COVID-19 have enhanced immune responses after vaccination (hybrid immunity) compared with their naïve-vaccinated peers; however, the effects of post-vaccination breakthrough infections on humoral immune response remain to be determined. Here, we measure neutralizing antibody responses from 104 vaccinated individuals, including those with breakthrough infections, hybrid immunity, and no infection history. We find that human immune sera after breakthrough infection and vaccination after natural infection broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2) variants to a similar degree. Although age negatively correlates with antibody response after vaccination alone, no correlation with age was found in breakthrough or hybrid immune groups. Together, our data suggest that the additional antigen exposure from natural infection substantially boosts the quantity, quality, and breadth of humoral immune response regardless of whether it occurs before or after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Hans C. Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Gaelen Guzman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Devin Schoen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Bradie Winders
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - David Xthona Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
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17
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Horve PF, Dietz LG, Fretz M, Constant DA, Wilkes A, Townes JM, Martindale RG, Messer WB, Van Den Wymelenberg KG. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in healthcare heating, ventilation, and air conditioning units. Indoor Air 2021; 31:1826-1832. [PMID: 34189769 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20141085v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence continues to grow supporting the aerosol transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To assess the potential role of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in airborne viral transmission, this study sought to determine the viral presence, if any, on air handling units in a healthcare setting where coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were being treated. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in approximately 25% of samples taken from ten different locations in multiple air handlers. While samples were not evaluated for viral infectivity, the presence of viral RNA in air handlers raises the possibility that viral particles can enter and travel within the air handling system of a hospital, from room return air through high-efficiency MERV-15 filters and into supply air ducts. Although no known transmission events were determined to be associated with these specimens, the findings suggest the potential for HVAC systems to facilitate transfer of virions to locations remote from areas where infected persons reside. These results are important within and outside of healthcare settings and may present necessary guidance for building operators of facilities that are not equipped with high-efficiency filtration. Furthermore, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in HVAC components indicates the potential utility as an indoor environmental surveillance location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Horve
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Leslie G Dietz
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Mark Fretz
- Institute for Health in the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David A Constant
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew Wilkes
- Healthcare Facilities, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John M Townes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert G Martindale
- Division of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kevin G Van Den Wymelenberg
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Institute for Health in the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, USA
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18
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Horve PF, Dietz LG, Fretz M, Constant DA, Wilkes A, Townes JM, Martindale RG, Messer WB, Van Den Wymelenberg KG. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in healthcare heating, ventilation, and air conditioning units. Indoor Air 2021; 31:1826-1832. [PMID: 34189769 PMCID: PMC8447041 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence continues to grow supporting the aerosol transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To assess the potential role of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in airborne viral transmission, this study sought to determine the viral presence, if any, on air handling units in a healthcare setting where coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were being treated. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in approximately 25% of samples taken from ten different locations in multiple air handlers. While samples were not evaluated for viral infectivity, the presence of viral RNA in air handlers raises the possibility that viral particles can enter and travel within the air handling system of a hospital, from room return air through high-efficiency MERV-15 filters and into supply air ducts. Although no known transmission events were determined to be associated with these specimens, the findings suggest the potential for HVAC systems to facilitate transfer of virions to locations remote from areas where infected persons reside. These results are important within and outside of healthcare settings and may present necessary guidance for building operators of facilities that are not equipped with high-efficiency filtration. Furthermore, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in HVAC components indicates the potential utility as an indoor environmental surveillance location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F. Horve
- Biology and the Built Environment CenterUniversity of OregonEugeneORUSA
| | - Leslie G. Dietz
- Biology and the Built Environment CenterUniversity of OregonEugeneORUSA
| | - Mark Fretz
- Institute for Health in the Built EnvironmentUniversity of OregonPortlandORUSA
| | - David A. Constant
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Andrew Wilkes
- Healthcare FacilitiesOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - John M. Townes
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineSchool of MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Robert G. Martindale
- Division of Gastrointestinal and General SurgerySchool of MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Kevin G. Van Den Wymelenberg
- Biology and the Built Environment CenterUniversity of OregonEugeneORUSA
- Institute for Health in the Built EnvironmentUniversity of OregonPortlandORUSA
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19
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Lyski ZL, Kim S, Lee DX, Sampson D, Raué HP, Raghunathan V, Ryan D, Brunton AE, Slifka MK, Messer WB, Spurgeon SE. Immunogenicity of Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccination followed by J&J adenovirus COVID-19 vaccination in two CLL patients. medRxiv 2021:2021.09.02.21262146. [PMID: 34518841 PMCID: PMC8437317 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.02.21262146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Individuals with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia have significant immune disfunction, often further disrupted by treatment. While currently available COVID-19 vaccinations are highly effective in immunocompetent individuals, they are often poorly immunogenic in CLL patients. It is important to understand the role heterologous boost would have in patients who did not respond to the recommended two-dose mRNA vaccine series with a SARS-CoV-2 specific immune response. OBJECTIVE To characterize the immune response of two CLL patients who failed to seroconvert after initial mRNA vaccine series following a third, heterologous, COVID-19 vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S. DESIGN Two subjects with CLL were enrolled in an IRB-approved observational longitudinal cohort study of the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. After enrollment, they received a third vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S. Blood was drawn prior to original vaccination series, four weeks after mRNA vaccination, and again four weeks after third vaccination. SETTING Eligible subjects were approached by oncologist overseeing CLL treatment and informed about study, at time of enrollment subjects consented to join the cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen subjects enrolled in the larger CLL cohort study, of whom two subjects received a third COVID-19 vaccination and were included in this analysis. Subject 1 is CLL treatment naive, while Subject 2 is currently on active treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 specific immune response, including plasma antibodies, memory B-cells, CD4 and CD8 T-cells were assessed prior to vaccination (baseline) as well as post vaccination series and post third dose. RESULTS Of the two subjects who received Ad26.COV2.S doses, Subject 1 seroconverted, had RBD-specific memory B-cells as well as spike-specific CD4 T-cells while Subject 2 did not. Both subjects had a spike-specific CD8 T-cell response after original mRNA vaccination series that was further boosted after third dose (Subject 1), or remained stable (Subject 2). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this study, however small, is especially promising to CLL individuals who did not seroconvert following initial mRNA vaccination series. Especially those that are treatment naive, not currently in active treatment, or who may consider vaccination before beginning active treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sunny Kim
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Xthona Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Sampson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hans P. Raué
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Vikram Raghunathan
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Debbie Ryan
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - Mark K. Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Stephen E. Spurgeon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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20
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Bates TA, Leier HC, Lyski ZL, McBride SK, Coulter FJ, Weinstein JB, Goodman JR, Lu Z, Siegel SAR, Sullivan P, Strnad M, Brunton AE, Lee DX, Adey AC, Bimber BN, O'Roak BJ, Curlin ME, Messer WB, Tafesse FG. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by convalescent and BNT162b2 vaccinated serum. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5135. [PMID: 34446720 PMCID: PMC8390486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and its variants continue to infect hundreds of thousands every day despite the rollout of effective vaccines. Therefore, it is essential to understand the levels of protection that these vaccines provide in the face of emerging variants. Here, we report two demographically balanced cohorts of BNT162b2 vaccine recipients and COVID-19 patients, from which we evaluate neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 as well as the B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta) variants. We show that both B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 are less well neutralized by serum from vaccinated individuals, and that B.1.351, but not B.1.1.7, is less well neutralized by convalescent serum. We also find that the levels of variant-specific anti-spike antibodies are proportional to neutralizing activities. Together, our results demonstrate the escape of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants from neutralization by serum antibodies, which may lead to reduced protection from re-infection or increased risk of vaccine breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Savannah K McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Felicity J Coulter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Zhengchun Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah A R Siegel
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter Sullivan
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matt Strnad
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amanda E Brunton
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David X Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew C Adey
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Brian J O'Roak
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marcel E Curlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
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21
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Bates TA, Leier HC, Lyski ZL, Goodman JR, Curlin ME, Messer WB, Tafesse FG. Age-Dependent Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and P.1 Variant by Vaccine Immune Serum Samples. JAMA 2021; 326:2782428. [PMID: 34287620 PMCID: PMC8295896 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.11656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Hans C. Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - James R. Goodman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
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22
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Lyski ZL, Brunton AE, Strnad MI, Sullivan PE, Siegel SA, Tafesse FG, Slifka MK, Messer WB. SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B-cells from individuals with diverse disease severities recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. medRxiv 2021:2021.05.28.21258025. [PMID: 34100028 PMCID: PMC8183027 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.28.21258025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation we examined the magnitude, breadth, and durability of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in two distinct B-cell compartments: long-lived plasma cell-derived antibodies in the plasma, and peripheral memory B-cells along with their associated antibody profiles elicited after in vitro stimulation. We found that magnitude varied amongst individuals, but was the highest in hospitalized subjects. Variants of concern (VoC) -RBD-reactive antibodies were found in the plasma of 72% of samples in this investigation, and VoC-RBD-reactive memory B-cells were found in all but 1 subject at a single time-point. This finding, that VoC-RBD-reactive MBCs are present in the peripheral blood of all subjects including those that experienced asymptomatic or mild disease, provides a reason for optimism regarding the capacity of vaccination, prior infection, and/or both, to limit disease severity and transmission of variants of concern as they continue to arise and circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - Matt I. Strnad
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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23
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Harbour JC, Lyski ZL, Schell JB, Thomas A, Messer WB, Slifka MK, Nolz JC. Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Mice Immunized with Vaccinia Virus Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. J Immunol 2021; 206:2596-2604. [PMID: 33972374 PMCID: PMC8165000 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency, and the development of a successful vaccine will ultimately be required to prevent the continued spread and seasonal recurrence of this disease within the human population. However, very little is known about either the quality of the adaptive immune response or the viral Ag targets that will be necessary to prevent the spread of the infection. In this study, we generated recombinant Vaccinia virus expressing the full-length spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 (VacV-S) to evaluate the cellular and humoral immune response mounted against this viral Ag in mice. Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein underwent robust expansion, contraction, and persisted for at least 40 d following a single immunization with VacV-S. Vaccination also caused the rapid emergence of spike-specific IgG-neutralizing Abs. Interestingly, both the cellular and humoral immune responses strongly targeted the S1 domain of spike following VacV-S immunization. Notably, immunization with VacV-expressing spike conjugated to the MHC class II invariant chain, a strategy previously reported by us and others to enhance the immunogenicity of antigenic peptides, did not promote stronger spike-specific T cell or Ab responses in vivo. Overall, these findings demonstrate that an immunization approach using VacV or attenuated versions of VacV expressing the native, full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein could be used for further vaccine development to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake C Harbour
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - John B Schell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Archana Thomas
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Mark K Slifka
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR;
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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24
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Sanchez Vargas LA, Adam A, Masterson M, Smith M, Lyski ZL, Dowd KA, Pierson TC, Messer WB, Currier JR, Mathew A. Non-structural protein 1-specific antibodies directed against Zika virus in humans mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Immunology 2021; 164:386-397. [PMID: 34056709 PMCID: PMC8442231 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in understanding antibody (Ab) function beyond neutralization. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of Zika virus (ZIKV) is an attractive candidate for an effective vaccine as Abs against NS1, unlike the envelope or premembrane, do not carry the risk of mediating antibody-dependent enhancement. Our aim was to evaluate whether ZIKV NS1 Abs elicited following natural infection in humans can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We evaluated the isotype specificity of ZIKV-specific Abs in immune sera and supernatants from stimulated immune PBMC and found that Abs against ZIKV NS1 and virus-like particles were predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. Using a recently developed FluoroSpot assay, we found robust frequencies of NS1-specific Ab-secreting cells in PBMC of individuals who were naturally infected with ZIKV. We developed assays to measure both natural killer cell activation by flow cytometry and target cell lysis of ZIKV NS1-expressing cells using an image cytometry assay in the presence of ZIKV NS1 Abs. Our data indicate efficient opsonization of ZIKV NS1-expressing CEM-NKR cell lines using ZIKV-immune but not ZIKV-naïve sera, a prerequisite of ADCC. Furthermore, sera from immune donors were able to induce both NK cell degranulation and lysis of ZIKV NS1 CEM-NKR cells in vitro. Our data suggest that ADCC is a possible mechanism for ZIKV NS1 Abs to eliminate virally infected target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sanchez Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary Masterson
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Madison Smith
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
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25
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Leier HC, Bates TA, Lyski ZL, McBride SK, Lee DX, Coulter FJ, Goodman JR, Lu Z, Curlin ME, Messer WB, Tafesse FG. Previously infected vaccinees broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants. medRxiv 2021:2021.04.25.21256049. [PMID: 33948601 PMCID: PMC8095208 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.25.21256049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We compared the serum neutralizing antibody titers before and after two doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in ten individuals who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination to 20 individuals with no history of infection, against clinical isolates of B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and the original SARS-CoV-2 virus. Vaccination boosted pre-existing levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies 10-fold in previously infected individuals, but not to levels significantly higher than those of uninfected vaccinees. However, neutralizing antibody titers increased in previously infected vaccinees relative to uninfected vaccinees against every variant tested: 5.2-fold against B.1.1.7, 6.5-fold against B.1.351, 4.3-fold against P.1, and 3.4-fold against original SARS-CoV-2. Our study indicates that a first-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides broad protection from SARS-CoV-2 variants in individuals with previous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C. Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - David X. Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Felicity J. Coulter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - James R. Goodman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Zhengchun Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
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26
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Bates TA, Leier HC, Lyski ZL, McBride SK, Coulter FJ, Weinstein JB, Goodman JR, Lu Z, Siegel SAR, Sullivan P, Strnad M, Brunton AE, Lee DX, Curlin ME, Messer WB, Tafesse FG. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by convalescent and vaccinated serum. medRxiv 2021:2021.04.04.21254881. [PMID: 33851185 PMCID: PMC8043482 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.04.21254881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We tested human sera from large, demographically balanced cohorts of BNT162b2 vaccine recipients (n=51) and COVID-19 patients (n=44) for neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. Although the effect is more pronounced in the vaccine cohort, both B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 show significantly reduced levels of neutralization by vaccinated and convalescent sera. Age is negatively correlated with neutralization in vaccinee, and levels of variant-specific RBD antibodies are proportional to neutralizing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hans C. Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Felicity J. Coulter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jules B. Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - James R. Goodman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhengchun Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah A. R. Siegel
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
| | - Peter Sullivan
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
| | - Matt Strnad
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
| | - Amanda E. Brunton
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
| | - David X. Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- USA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
- USA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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27
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Khosavanna RR, Kareko BW, Brady AC, Booty BL, Nix CD, Lyski ZL, Curlin ME, Messer WB. Clinical Symptoms of Dengue Infection among Patients from a Non-Endemic Area and Potential for a Predictive Model: A Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis and Decision Tree. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:121-129. [PMID: 33200724 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Under-recognition of dengue infection may lead to increased morbidity and mortality, whereas early detection is shown to help improve patient outcomes. Recent incidence and outbreak reports of dengue virus in the United States and other temperate regions where dengue was not typically seen have raised concerns regarding appropriate diagnosis and management by healthcare providers unfamiliar with the disease. This study aimed to describe self-reported clinical symptoms of dengue fever in a non-endemic cohort and to establish a clinically useful predictive algorithm based on presenting features that can assist in the early evaluation of potential dengue infection. Volunteers who experienced febrile illness while traveling in dengue-endemic countries were recruited for this study. History of illness and blood samples were collected at enrollment. Participants were classified as dengue naive or dengue exposed based on neutralizing antibody titers. Statistical analysis was performed to compare characteristics between the two groups. A regression model including joint/muscle/bone pain, rash, dyspnea, and rhinorrhea predicts dengue infection with 78% sensitivity, 63% specificity, 80% positive predictive value, and 61% negative predictive value. A decision tree model including joint/muscle/bone pain, dyspnea, and rash yields 77% sensitivity and 67% specificity. Diagnosis of dengue fever is challenging because of the nonspecific nature of clinical presentation. A sensitive predicting model can be helpful to triage suspected dengue infection in the non-endemic setting, but specificity requires additional testing including laboratory evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettie W Kareko
- 1School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Adam C Brady
- 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brian L Booty
- 3Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Chad D Nix
- 4Infection Prevention and Control, OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zoe L Lyski
- 5Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Marcel E Curlin
- 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - William B Messer
- 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, Oregon.,5Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon
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28
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Thomas A, Messer WB, Hansel DE, Streblow DN, Kazmierczak SC, Lyski ZL, Lu Z, Slifka MK. Establishment of Monoclonal Antibody Standards for Quantitative Serological Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in Low-Incidence Settings. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab061. [PMID: 33723513 PMCID: PMC7928679 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serological confirmation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for understanding the dynamics of the pandemic and determining seroprevalence rates within afflicted communities. Common challenges with SARS-CoV-2 serological assays include poor analytical specificity and sensitivity and lack of a serological standard for quantitative assessment of antibody titers. Methods To overcome these obstacles, we developed a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on an optimized 2-dimensional screening assay that utilizes SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein and SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 subunit. Results A total of 4 SARS-CoV-2-reactive monoclonal antibodies were evaluated for use as serum standards for calibrating assays performed on different days or by different laboratories. This approach provided quantitative analysis of hospitalized reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID-19 cases that in some cases reached >100 μg/mL. The assay demonstrated 72% sensitivity based on time points ranging from 2 to 52 days post–symptom onset, with 100% sensitivity at time points measured ≥13 days post–symptom onset and 100% specificity. Conclusions Using these optimized reagents and serological standards, we believe this approach will be useful for sensitive and specific determination of seroconversion rates and quantitatively measuring the durability of antiviral antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Thomas
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Epidemiology, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Program in Epidemiology, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven C Kazmierczak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Epidemiology, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Program in Epidemiology, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhengchun Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Epidemiology, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Program in Epidemiology, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark K Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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29
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Bates TA, Weinstein JB, Farley S, Leier HC, Messer WB, Tafesse FG. Cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV structural protein antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108737. [PMID: 33545052 PMCID: PMC7835103 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there remain unanswered questions regarding the nature and significance of the humoral immune response toward other coronavirus infections. Here, we investigate the cross-reactivity of antibodies raised against the first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) for their reactivity toward SARS-CoV-2. We extensively characterize a selection of 10 antibodies covering all of the SARS-CoV structural proteins: spike, membrane, nucleocapsid, and envelope. Although nearly all of the examined SARS-CoV antibodies display some level of reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, we find only partial cross-neutralization for the spike antibodies. The implications of our work are two-fold. First, we establish a set of antibodies with known reactivity to both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which will allow further study of both viruses. Second, we provide empirical evidence of the high propensity for antibody cross-reactivity between distinct strains of human coronaviruses, which is critical information for designing diagnostic and vaccine strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Scotland Farley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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30
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Slifka MK, Messer WB, Amanna IJ. Analysis of COVID-19 Transmission: Low Risk of Presymptomatic Spread? Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 144:1161-1162. [PMID: 32501120 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0255-le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland
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31
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Leier HC, Weinstein JB, Kyle JE, Lee JY, Bramer LM, Stratton KG, Kempthorne D, Navratil AR, Tafesse EG, Hornemann T, Messer WB, Dennis EA, Metz TO, Barklis E, Tafesse FG. A global lipid map defines a network essential for Zika virus replication. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3652. [PMID: 32694525 PMCID: PMC7374707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus of global concern, remodels intracellular membranes to form replication sites. How ZIKV dysregulates lipid networks to allow this, and consequences for disease, is poorly understood. Here, we perform comprehensive lipidomics to create a lipid network map during ZIKV infection. We find that ZIKV significantly alters host lipid composition, with the most striking changes seen within subclasses of sphingolipids. Ectopic expression of ZIKV NS4B protein results in similar changes, demonstrating a role for NS4B in modulating sphingolipid pathways. Disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis in various cell types, including human neural progenitor cells, blocks ZIKV infection. Additionally, the sphingolipid ceramide redistributes to ZIKV replication sites, and increasing ceramide levels by multiple pathways sensitizes cells to ZIKV infection. Thus, we identify a sphingolipid metabolic network with a critical role in ZIKV replication and show that ceramide flux is a key mediator of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Douglas Kempthorne
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Center for Diversity and Inclusion, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aaron R Navratil
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Endale G Tafesse
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Eric Barklis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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32
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Kareko BW, Booty BL, Nix CD, Lyski ZL, Slifka MK, Amanna IJ, Messer WB. Persistence of Neutralizing Antibody Responses Among Yellow Fever Virus 17D Vaccinees Living in a Nonendemic Setting. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:2018-2025. [PMID: 31545367 PMCID: PMC7289542 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The once-in-a-lifetime recommendation for vaccination against yellow fever virus (YFV) has been controversial, leading to increased scrutiny of the durability of immunity after 17D vaccination. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of 17D vaccinees living in nonendemic Portland, Oregon. Neutralization assays were used to determine YFV immunity. The relationships between 17D immunity and vaccination history, demographics, and travel were evaluated using nominal logistic regression. RESULTS Seventy-one of 92 (77.2%) subjects were YFV seropositive (90 percent plaque reduction neutralization test ≥1:10) at all timepoints, and 24 of 38 (63.8%) were YFV seropositive at ≥10 years after single-dose vaccination. No relationship was found between YFV immunity and time in endemic countries, other flavivirus immunity, or demographics. Subjects were most likely to become seronegative between 3 and 12 years postvaccination (logistic regression, odds ratio [OR] = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.73). A comparison of our results and 4 previous studies of YFV nonendemic vaccinees found that overall, 79% (95% CI, 70%-86%) of vaccinees are likely to be seropositive ≥10 years postvaccination. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 1 in 5 17D vaccinees will lack neutralizing antibodies at ~10 years postvaccination, and a booster vaccination should be considered for nonendemic vaccinees before travel to regions where there is a high risk of YFV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettie W Kareko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Portland
| | - Brian L Booty
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland
| | - Chad D Nix
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Portland
| | - Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Portland
| | - Mark K Slifka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Portland
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton
| | | | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Portland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University,, Portland
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University
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33
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Nix CD, Salberg J, Coulter FJ, Kareko BW, Lyski ZL, Booty BL, Messer WB. Potency and breadth of human primary ZIKV immune sera shows that Zika viruses cluster antigenically as a single serotype. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008006. [PMID: 32282800 PMCID: PMC7213746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global public health threat throughout the Americas since 2014. Phylogenetically, the virus is composed of three main lineages, an African, Asian, and American lineage. The recent emergence and spread of ZIKV has raised questions regarding the breadth and potency of human primary ZIKV immune sera against antigenically diverse ZIKV. Although ZIKV is thought to compose a single antigenic serotype, in-depth evaluation of the antigenic relatedness of ZIKV across genetic variants has been limited to a relatively small series of early convalescent human immune sera (4-12 weeks) against a limited number (3) of genetic variants. Using virus neutralization assays, we characterize the potency and breadth of twelve primary ZIKV immune sera from adults infected 5 to 38 months previously against a panel of 11 ZIKV isolates from the African, Asian and American lineages. We assess the variability of neutralization potency of immune sera from these subjects and the variability of susceptibility to neutralization for each virus isolate. Overall, we found all sera neutralized all viruses at FRNT50 ranging from 1:271 to 1:4271, a 15.8-fold range, with only small differences between subject geometric mean titers (GMT) against all viruses and small differences between each ZIKV isolate and sensitivity to neutralization by all sera: when pooled, African strains were 1.3-fold more sensitive to neutralization by subject immune sera compared to pooled American strains. Finally, we subjected our data to analysis using antigenic cartography, finding that ZIKV are highly antigenically similar, with only a ~4-fold range across all antigenic distances between viruses, consistent with a single serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D. Nix
- Dept. of Infection Prevention and Control, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Salberg
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Felicity J. Coulter
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bettie W. Kareko
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brian L. Booty
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - William B. Messer
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University–Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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34
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Lyski ZL, Messer WB. Approaches to Interrogating the Human Memory B-Cell and Memory-Derived Antibody Repertoire Following Dengue Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1276. [PMID: 31244836 PMCID: PMC6562360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B-cells (MBCs) are potential antibody secreting immune cells that differentiate and mature following host exposure to a pathogen. Following differentiation, MBCs remain in peripheral circulation after recovery and are poised to secrete antigen-specific antibodies if and when they are re-exposed to their cognate antigen. Consequently, MBCs form the founder population and provide one of the first lines of pathogen-specific defense against reinfection. The role MBCs play is complicated for viruses that are heterologous, such as dengue virus (DENV), which exist as antigenically different serotypes. On second infection with a different serotype, MBCs from initial dengue infection rapidly proliferate and secrete antibodies: many of these MBC derived antibodies will be cross-reactive and weakly neutralizing, while some antibodies may recognize epitopes conserved across serotypes and have the capacity to broadly neutralize 2 or more serotypes. It is also possible that a new population of MBCs and antibodies specific for the second virus serotype need to arise for long-term broader immunity to develop. Methods to interrogate and track memory B cell responses are important for evaluating both natural immunity and vaccine response. However, the low abundance of MBCs for any specific pathogen makes it challenging to interrogate frequency, specificity, and breadth for the pathogen of interest. This review discusses current approaches that have been used to interrogate the memory B cell immune response against viral pathogens in general and DENV specifically. Including strengths, limitations, and future directions. Single-cell approaches could help uncover the DENV specific MBC antibody repertoire, and improved methods for isolating DENV specific monoclonal antibodies from human peripheral blood cells would allow for a functional analysis of the anti-DENV repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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Tafesse FG, Leier HC, Weinstein JB, Navratil AR, Messer WB, Dennis EA, Barklis E. Defining the roles of host lipids in flavivirus infection. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.654.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C. Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Widman DG, Young E, Nivarthi U, Swanstrom JA, Royal SR, Yount BL, Debbink K, Begley M, Marcet S, Durbin A, de Silva AM, Messer WB, Baric RS. Transplantation of a quaternary structure neutralizing antibody epitope from dengue virus serotype 3 into serotype 4. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17169. [PMID: 29215033 PMCID: PMC5719398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue vaccine trials have revealed deficits in our understanding of the mechanisms of protective immunity, demonstrating a need to measure epitope-specific antibody responses against each DENV serotype. HmAb 5J7 binds to a complex, 3-monomer spanning quaternary epitope in the DENV3 envelope (E) protein, but it is unclear whether all interactions are needed for neutralization. Structure guided design and reverse genetics were used to sequentially transplant larger portions of the DENV3-specific 5J7 mAb epitope into dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV4). We observed complete binding and neutralization only when the entire 3 monomer spanning epitope was transplanted into DENV4, providing empirical proof that cooperative monomer-hmAb 5J7 interactions maximize activity. The rDENV4/3 virus containing the most expanded 5J7 epitope was also significantly more sensitive than WT DENV4 to neutralization by DENV3 primary immune sera. We conclude that the hinge-spanning region of the 5J7 quaternary epitope is a target for serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies after DENV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Widman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ellen Young
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Usha Nivarthi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jesica A Swanstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott R Royal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Boyd L Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari Debbink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Begley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Marcet
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Department for International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Hirsch AJ, Smith JL, Haese NN, Broeckel RM, Parkins CJ, Kreklywich C, DeFilippis VR, Denton M, Smith PP, Messer WB, Colgin LMA, Ducore RM, Grigsby PL, Hennebold JD, Swanson T, Legasse AW, Axthelm MK, MacAllister R, Wiley CA, Nelson JA, Streblow DN. Correction: Zika Virus infection of rhesus macaques leads to viral persistence in multiple tissues. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006317. [PMID: 28380070 PMCID: PMC5381941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cromwell EA, Stoddard ST, Barker CM, Van Rie A, Messer WB, Meshnick SR, Morrison AC, Scott TW. The relationship between entomological indicators of Aedes aegypti abundance and dengue virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005429. [PMID: 28333938 PMCID: PMC5363802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine entomological monitoring data are used to quantify the abundance of Ae. aegypti. The public health utility of these indicators is based on the assumption that greater mosquito abundance increases the risk of human DENV transmission, and therefore reducing exposure to the vector decreases incidence of infection. Entomological survey data from two longitudinal cohort studies in Iquitos, Peru, linked with 8,153 paired serological samples taken approximately six months apart were analyzed. Indicators of Ae. aegypti density were calculated from cross-sectional and longitudinal entomological data collected over a 12-month period for larval, pupal and adult Ae. aegypti. Log binomial models were used to estimate risk ratios (RR) to measure the association between Ae. aegypti abundance and the six-month risk of DENV seroconversion. RRs estimated using cross-sectional entomological data were compared to RRs estimated using longitudinal data. Higher cross-sectional Ae. aegypti densities were not associated with an increased risk of DENV seroconversion. Use of longitudinal entomological data resulted in RRs ranging from 1.01 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.02) to 1.30 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.46) for adult stage density estimates and RRs ranging from 1.21 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.37) to 1.75 (95% CI: 1.23, 2.5) for categorical immature indices. Ae. aegypti densities calculated from longitudinal entomological data were associated with DENV seroconversion, whereas those measured cross-sectionally were not. Ae. aegypti indicators calculated from cross-sectional surveillance, as is common practice, have limited public health utility in detecting areas or populations at high risk of DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Cromwell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Stoddard
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Annelies Van Rie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William B. Messer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Meshnick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Scott
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Hirsch AJ, Smith JL, Haese NN, Broeckel RM, Parkins CJ, Kreklywich C, DeFilippis VR, Denton M, Smith PP, Messer WB, Colgin LMA, Ducore RM, Grigsby PL, Hennebold JD, Swanson T, Legasse AW, Axthelm MK, MacAllister R, Wiley CA, Nelson JA, Streblow DN. Zika Virus infection of rhesus macaques leads to viral persistence in multiple tissues. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006219. [PMID: 28278237 PMCID: PMC5344528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging flavivirus, has recently spread explosively through the Western hemisphere. In addition to symptoms including fever, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis, ZIKV infection of pregnant women can cause microcephaly and other developmental abnormalities in the fetus. We report herein the results of ZIKV infection of adult rhesus macaques. Following subcutaneous infection, animals developed transient plasma viremia and viruria from 1-7 days post infection (dpi) that was accompanied by the development of a rash, fever and conjunctivitis. Animals produced a robust adaptive immune response to ZIKV, although systemic cytokine response was minimal. At 7 dpi, virus was detected in peripheral nervous tissue, multiple lymphoid tissues, joints, and the uterus of the necropsied animals. Notably, viral RNA persisted in neuronal, lymphoid and joint/muscle tissues and the male and female reproductive tissues through 28 to 35 dpi. The tropism and persistence of ZIKV in the peripheral nerves and reproductive tract may provide a mechanism of subsequent neuropathogenesis and sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec J. Hirsch
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M. Broeckel
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Parkins
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Victor R. DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patricia P. Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lois M. A. Colgin
- Pathology Services Unit, Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M. Ducore
- Pathology Services Unit, Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peta L. Grigsby
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jon D. Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Tonya Swanson
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alfred W. Legasse
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Axthelm
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rhonda MacAllister
- Clinical Medicine Unit, Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Clayton A. Wiley
- UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jay A. Nelson
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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41
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Andrade CC, Young KI, Johnson WL, Villa ME, Buraczyk CA, Messer WB, Hanley KA. Rise and fall of vector infectivity during sequential strain displacements by mosquito-borne dengue virus. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2205-2218. [PMID: 27500505 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Each of the four serotypes of mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV-1-4) comprises multiple, genetically distinct strains. Competitive displacement between strains within a serotype is a common feature of DENV epidemiology and can trigger outbreaks of dengue disease. We investigated the mechanisms underlying two sequential displacements by DENV-3 strains in Sri Lanka that each coincided with abrupt increases in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence. First, the post-DHF strain displaced the pre-DHF strain in the 1980s. We have previously shown that post-DHF is more infectious than pre-DHF for the major DENV vector, Aedes aegypti. Then, the ultra-DHF strain evolved in situ from post-DHF and displaced its ancestor in the 2000s. We predicted that ultra-DHF would be more infectious for Ae. aegypti than post-DHF but found that ultra-DHF infected a significantly lower percentage of mosquitoes than post-DHF. We therefore hypothesized that ultra-DHF had effected displacement by disseminating in Ae. aegypti more rapidly than post-DHF, but this was not borne out by a time course of mosquito infection. To elucidate the mechanisms that shape these virus-vector interactions, we tested the impact of RNA interference (RNAi), the principal mosquito defence against DENV, on replication of each of the three DENV strains. Replication of all strains was similar in mosquito cells with dysfunctional RNAi, but in cells with functional RNAi, replication of pre-DHF was significantly suppressed relative to the other two strains. Thus, differences in susceptibility to RNAi may account for the differences in mosquito infectivity between pre-DHF and post-DHF, but other mechanisms underlie the difference between post-DHF and ultra-DHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Andrade
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
| | - K I Young
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - W L Johnson
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - M E Villa
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - C A Buraczyk
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - W B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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McBurney SP, Sunshine JE, Gabriel S, Huynh JP, Sutton WF, Fuller DH, Haigwood NL, Messer WB. Evaluation of protection induced by a dengue virus serotype 2 envelope domain III protein scaffold/DNA vaccine in non-human primates. Vaccine 2016; 34:3500-7. [PMID: 27085173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preclinical development of a dengue virus vaccine targeting the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) envelope domain III (EDIII). This study provides proof-of-principle that a dengue EDIII protein scaffold/DNA vaccine can protect against dengue challenge. The dengue vaccine (EDIII-E2) is composed of both a protein particle and a DNA expression plasmid delivered simultaneously via intramuscular injection (protein) and gene gun (DNA) into rhesus macaques. The protein component can contain a maximum of 60 copies of EDIII presented on a multimeric scaffold of Geobacillus stearothermophilus E2 proteins. The DNA component is composed of the EDIII portion of the envelope gene cloned into an expression plasmid. The EDIII-E2 vaccine elicited robust antibody responses to DENV2, with neutralizing antibody responses detectable following the first boost and reaching titers of greater than 1:100,000 following the second and final boost. Vaccinated and naïve groups of macaques were challenged with DENV2. All vaccinated macaques were protected from detectable viremia by infectious assay, while naïve animals had detectable viremia for 2-7 days post-challenge. All naïve macaques had detectable viral RNA from day 2-10 post-challenge. In the EDIII-E2 group, three macaques were negative for viral RNA and three were found to have detectable viral RNA post challenge. Viremia onset was delayed and the duration was shortened relative to naïve controls. The presence of viral RNA post-challenge corresponded to a 10-30-fold boost in neutralization titers 28 days post challenge, whereas no boost was observed in the fully protected animals. Based on these results, we determine that pre-challenge 50% neutralization titers of >1:6000 correlated with sterilizing protection against DENV2 challenge in EDIII-E2 vaccinated macaques. Identification of the critical correlate of protection for the EDIII-E2 platform in the robust non-human primate model lays the groundwork for further development of a tetravalent EDIII-E2 dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P McBurney
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Justine E Sunshine
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah Gabriel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeremy P Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William F Sutton
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Messer WB, de Alwis R, Yount BL, Royal SR, Huynh JP, Smith SA, Crowe JE, Doranz BJ, Kahle KM, Pfaff JM, White LJ, Sariol CA, de Silva AM, Baric RS. Dengue virus envelope protein domain I/II hinge determines long-lived serotype-specific dengue immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1939-44. [PMID: 24385585 PMCID: PMC3918811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317350111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4, are endemic throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with an estimated 390 million acute infections annually. Infection confers long-term protective immunity against the infecting serotype, but secondary infection with a different serotype carries a greater risk of potentially fatal severe dengue disease, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The single most effective measure to control this threat to global health is a tetravalent DENV vaccine. To date, attempts to develop a protective vaccine have progressed slowly, partly because the targets of type-specific human neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), which are critical for long-term protection, remain poorly defined, impeding our understanding of natural immunity and hindering effective vaccine development. Here, we show that the envelope glycoprotein domain I/II hinge of DENV-3 and DENV-4 is the primary target of the long-term type-specific NAb response in humans. Transplantation of a DENV-4 hinge into a recombinant DENV-3 virus showed that the hinge determines the serotype-specific neutralizing potency of primary human and nonhuman primate DENV immune sera and that the hinge region both induces NAbs and is targeted by protective NAbs in rhesus macaques. These results suggest that the success of live dengue vaccines may depend on their ability to stimulate NAbs that target the envelope glycoprotein domain I/II hinge region. More broadly, this study shows that complex conformational antibody epitopes can be transplanted between live viruses, opening up similar possibilities for improving the breadth and specificity of vaccines for influenza, HIV, hepatitis C virus, and other clinically important viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Boyd L. Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Scott R. Royal
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jeremy P. Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | | | - James E. Crowe
- Pediatrics, and
- Pathology and
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | | | | | | | - Laura J. White
- Global Vaccines, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
| | - Carlos A. Sariol
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and
- Departments of Microbiology and Medical Zoology and
- Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936
| | - Aravinda M. de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Zhou Y, Austin SK, Fremont DH, Yount BL, Huynh JP, de Silva AM, Baric RS, Messer WB. The mechanism of differential neutralization of dengue serotype 3 strains by monoclonal antibody 8A1. Virology 2013; 439:57-64. [PMID: 23453578 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While previous studies have demonstrated that envelope (E) glycoprotein variation between dengue viruses (DENV) genotypes can influence antibody neutralization potency, the mechanisms of variable neutralization remain incompletely understood. Here we characterize epitope antibody interactions of a DENV-3 EDIII binding mouse mAb 8A1 which displays highly variable neutralizing activity against DENV-3 genotypes. Using a DENV-3 reverse genetics platform, we characterize ability of 8A1 to bind and neutralize naturally occurring DENV-3 E genotypic variant viruses. Introduction of single and multiple amino acid mutations into the parental clone background demonstrates that mutations at positions 301 and 383 on EDIII are responsible for 8A1 differential neutralization phenotypes. ELISA and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies indicate differences in binding are responsible for the variable neutralization. Variability at position 301 primarily determined binding difference through influencing antibody-EDIII dissociation rate. Our findings are relevant to many groups focusing on DENV EDIII as a vaccine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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Messer WB, Yount B, Hacker KE, Donaldson EF, Huynh JP, de Silva AM, Baric RS. Development and characterization of a reverse genetic system for studying dengue virus serotype 3 strain variation and neutralization. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1486. [PMID: 22389731 PMCID: PMC3289595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) are enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. There are four genetically distinct serotypes designated DENV-1 through DENV-4, each further subdivided into distinct genotypes. The dengue scientific community has long contended that infection with one serotype confers lifelong protection against subsequent infection with the same serotype, irrespective of virus genotype. However this hypothesis is under increased scrutiny and the role of DENV genotypic variation in protection from repeated infection is less certain. As dengue vaccine trials move increasingly into field-testing, there is an urgent need to develop tools to better define the role of genotypic variation in DENV infection and immunity. To better understand genotypic variation in DENV-3 neutralization and protection, we designed and constructed a panel of isogenic, recombinant DENV-3 infectious clones, each expressing an envelope glycoprotein from a different DENV-3 genotype; Philippines 1982 (genotype I), Thailand 1995 (genotype II), Sri Lanka 1989 and Cuba 2002 (genotype III) and Puerto Rico 1977 (genotype IV). We used the panel to explore how natural envelope variation influences DENV-polyclonal serum interactions. When the recombinant viruses were tested in neutralization assays using immune sera from primary DENV infections, neutralization titers varied by as much as ∼19-fold, depending on the expressed envelope glycoprotein. The observed variability in neutralization titers suggests that relatively few residue changes in the E glycoprotein may have significant effects on DENV specific humoral immunity and influence antibody mediated protection or disease enhancement in the setting of both natural infection and vaccination. These genotypic differences are also likely to be important in temporal and spatial microevolution of DENV-3 in the background of heterotypic neutralization. The recombinant and synthetic tools described here are valuable for testing hypotheses on genetic determinants of DENV-3 immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Messer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Boyd Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kari E. Hacker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric F. Donaldson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeremy P. Huynh
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aravinda M. de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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de Alwis R, Beltramello M, Messer WB, Sukupolvi-Petty S, Wahala WMPB, Kraus A, Olivarez NP, Pham Q, Brian J, Tsai WY, Wang WK, Halstead S, Kliks S, Diamond MS, Baric R, Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F, de Silva AM. In-depth analysis of the antibody response of individuals exposed to primary dengue virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1188. [PMID: 21713020 PMCID: PMC3119640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans who experience a primary dengue virus (DENV) infection develop antibodies that preferentially neutralize the homologous serotype responsible for infection. Affected individuals also generate cross-reactive antibodies against heterologous DENV serotypes, which are non-neutralizing. Dengue cross-reactive, non-neutralizing antibodies can enhance infection of Fc receptor bearing cells and, potentially, exacerbate disease. The actual binding sites of human antibody on the DENV particle are not well defined. We characterized the specificity and neutralization potency of polyclonal serum antibodies and memory B-cell derived monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) from 2 individuals exposed to primary DENV infections. Most DENV-specific hMAbs were serotype cross-reactive and weakly neutralizing. Moreover, many hMAbs bound to the viral pre-membrane protein and other sites on the virus that were not preserved when the viral envelope protein was produced as a soluble, recombinant antigen (rE protein). Nonetheless, by modifying the screening procedure to detect rare antibodies that bound to rE, we were able to isolate and map human antibodies that strongly neutralized the homologous serotype of DENV. Our MAbs results indicate that, in these two individuals exposed to primary DENV infections, a small fraction of the total antibody response was responsible for virus neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - William B. Messer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Soila Sukupolvi-Petty
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, and the Midwest Regional Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wahala M. P. B. Wahala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Annette Kraus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicholas P. Olivarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Quang Pham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James Brian
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, and the Midwest Regional Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Scott Halstead
- Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Srisakul Kliks
- Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, and the Midwest Regional Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | - Aravinda M. de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kanakaratne N, Wahala WMPB, Messer WB, Tissera HA, Shahani A, Abeysinghe N, de-Silva AM, Gunasekera M. Severe dengue epidemics in Sri Lanka, 2003-2006. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:192-9. [PMID: 19193262 PMCID: PMC2662655 DOI: 10.3201/eid1502.080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One-sentence summary for table of contents: Changes in transmission dynamics and virus genes are likely increasing emergence of severe epidemics in this country. Recent emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Indian subcontinent has been well documented in Sri Lanka. We compare recent (2003–2006) and past (1980–1997) dengue surveillance data for Sri Lanka. The 4 dengue virus (DENV) serotypes have been cocirculating in Sri Lanka for >30 years. Over this period, a new genotype of DENV-1 has replaced an old genotype. Moreover, new clades of DENV-3 genotype III viruses have replaced older clades. Emergence of new clades of DENV-3 in 1989 and 2000 coincided with abrupt increases in the number of reported dengue cases, implicating this serotype in severe epidemics. In 1980–1997, most reported dengue cases were in children. Recent epidemics have been characterized by many cases in children and adults. Changes in local transmission dynamics and genetic changes in DENV-3 are likely increasing emergence of severe dengue epidemics in Sri Lanka.
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Ohnishi J, Schneider B, Messer WB, Piesman J, de Silva AM. Genetic variation at the vlsE locus of Borrelia burgdorferi within ticks and mice over the course of a single transmission cycle. J Bacteriol 2003; 185:4432-41. [PMID: 12867452 PMCID: PMC165742 DOI: 10.1128/jb.185.15.4432-4441.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, causes a persistent infection in the vertebrate host even though infected animals mount an active immune response against the spirochete. One strategy used by the spirochete to evade vertebrate host immunity is to vary the structure and expression of outer membrane antigens. The vlsE locus represents the best-studied example of antigenic variation in B. burgdorferi. During vertebrate host infection, recombination between the active vlsE locus and silent, partial vlsE copies leads to gene conversion events and the generation of novel alleles at the expression site. In the present study, we followed a population of B. burgdorferi organisms moving through vertebrate host and tick stages to complete one transmission cycle. The major goal of the study was to determine if the vlsE locus was subject to different selective pressure and/or recombination frequency at different stages of the spirochete's life cycle. We report here that the vlsE genetic diversity generated within the rodent host was maintained through the larval and nymphal tick stages. Therefore, naturally infected ticks are likely to transmit spirochete populations with multiple vlsE alleles into naive vertebrate hosts. Although vlsE genetic diversity in mice was maintained through tick stages, the dominant vlsE alleles were different between tick stages as well as between individual ticks. We propose that population-level bottlenecks experienced by spirochetes, especially during the larval-to-nymphal molt, are responsible for individual infected ticks harboring different dominant vlsE alleles. Although vlsE genetic diversity is maintained through tick stages, the VlsE protein is unlikely to be of functional importance in the vector, because the protein was expressed by very few (<1%) bacteria in the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ohnishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) has caused unexpected epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Sri Lanka, East Africa, and Latin America. We used a phylogenetic approach to evaluate the roles of virus evolution and transport in the emergence of these outbreaks. Isolates from these geographically distant epidemics are closely related and belong to DENV-3, subtype III, which originated in the Indian subcontinent. The emergence of DHF in Sri Lanka in 1989 correlated with the appearance there of a new DENV-3, subtype III variant. This variant likely spread from the Indian subcontinent into Africa in the 1980s and from Africa into Latin America in the mid-1990s. DENV-3, subtype III isolates from mild and severe disease outbreaks formed genetically distinct groups, which suggests a role for viral genetics in DHF.
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Messer WB, Vitarana UT, Sivananthan K, Elvtigala J, Preethimala LD, Ramesh R, Withana N, Gubler DJ, De Silva AM. Epidemiology of dengue in Sri Lanka before and after the emergence of epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002; 66:765-73. [PMID: 12224589 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Before 1989, dengue epidemiology in Sri Lanka was characterized by frequent transmission of all four dengue serotypes but a low incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). After 1989, cases of DHF dramatically increased. Here we present the results of epidemiologic studies conducted in Colombo, Sri Lanka before and after epidemic emergence of DHF in 1989. We compared the proportion of dengue cases among people with fever attending clinics from 1980 to 1984 and in 1997 and 1998 to determine if an increase in dengue transmission was associated with more DHF cases being reported. We also compared the relative distribution of dengue virus serotypes circulating in Colombo before and after the emergence of DHF. We detected no significant differences in dengue as a proportion of fever cases or in serotype distribution between the pre and post-DHF periods. We conclude that an increase in virus transmission or a change in circulating serotypes does not explain the epidemic emergence of DHF in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Messer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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