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Farley SE, Kyle JE, Leier HC, Bramer LM, Weinstein JB, Bates TA, Lee JY, Metz TO, Schultz C, Tafesse FG. A global lipid map reveals host dependency factors conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3487. [PMID: 35715395 PMCID: PMC9203258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of host dependency factors for SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive. Here, we map alterations in host lipids following SARS-CoV-2 infection using nontargeted lipidomics. We find that SARS-CoV-2 rewires host lipid metabolism, significantly altering hundreds of lipid species to effectively establish infection. We correlate these changes with viral protein activity by transfecting human cells with each viral protein and performing lipidomics. We find that lipid droplet plasticity is a key feature of infection and that viral propagation can be blocked by small-molecule glycerolipid biosynthesis inhibitors. We find that this inhibition was effective against the main variants of concern (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta), indicating that glycerolipid biosynthesis is a conserved host dependency factor that supports this evolving virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scotland E Farley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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2
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Weinstein JB, Tafesse FG. Isolation of alpaca-derived single-domain antibodies against zika virus non-structural proteins to interrogate viral replication. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.64.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emergent flavivirus that triggered a global health emergency from 2015 to 2017. ZIKV and other impactful flaviviruses, including dengue virus, lack the antiviral treatments and vaccines needed to diminish their threat to communities world-wide. This is in part due to gaps in our understanding of the flavivirus lifecycle; despite numerous investigations into flavivirus non-structural (NS) protein function. I hope to forge a deeper understanding of crucial NS protein functions and interactions throughout the ZIKV replication cycle. I will use alpaca-derived variable heavy-chain-only (VHH) antibody fragments, isolated from an alpaca immunized with ZIKV NS proteins, to perturb the replication cycle and therefore identify key NS protein epitopes used during replication. I individually purified NS1, NS2b, NS3, NS4b, NS5 for use in alpaca immunization, phage display panning, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). From the alpaca peripheral blood I isolated RNA and amplified VHH genes, enriched for NS-protein binders with iterative phage display, and screened potential high binders via ELISA. I have isolated VHH sequences that interact with the ZIKV helicase, NS3, and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NS5. I plan to purify each VHH and express them in ZIKA-permissive A549 cells as stable lines. Using purified VHH, I will analyze their binding ability in-vitro by ELISA and bio layer interferometry, and quantify in-vitro inhibition of NS3 protease and helicase activity for NS3 binders, and NS5 polymerase and methyltransferase activity. With the stable cells lines I will investigate each VHHs ability to impede ZIKV virus production and formation of replication complexes in infected cell lines.
Support from training grant "Interactions at the Microbe-Host Interface" T32AI007472
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules B Weinstein
- 1Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- 1Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University
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3
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Weinstein JB, Bates TA, Leier HC, McBride SK, Barklis E, Tafesse FG. A potent alpaca-derived nanobody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants. iScience 2022; 25:103960. [PMID: 35224467 PMCID: PMC8863326 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 engages with human ACE 2 to facilitate infection. Here, we describe an alpaca-derived heavy chain antibody fragment (VHH), saRBD-1, that disrupts this interaction by competitively binding to the spike protein receptor-binding domain. We further generated an engineered bivalent nanobody construct engineered by a flexible linker and a dimeric Fc conjugated nanobody construct. Both multivalent nanobodies blocked infection at picomolar concentrations and demonstrated no loss of potency against emerging variants of concern including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Epsilon (B.1.427/429), and Delta (B.1.617.2). saRBD-1 tolerates elevated temperature, freeze-drying, and nebulization, making it an excellent candidate for further development into a therapeutic approach for COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 variants effectively neutralized by saRBD-1 VHH with picomolar affinity saRBD-1 neutralization increases when expressed as a bivalent or Fc construct saRBD-1 binds SARS-CoV-2 RBD as a likely class 1 neutralizing antibody saRBD-1 retains binding, neutralization after heat and nebulization treatments
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Savannah K McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Eric Barklis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
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4
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van Breemen RB, Muchiri RN, Bates TA, Weinstein JB, Leier HC, Farley S, Tafesse FG. Cannabinoids Block Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 and the Emerging Variants. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:176-184. [PMID: 35007072 PMCID: PMC8768006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a complement to vaccines, small-molecule therapeutic agents are needed to treat or prevent infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants, which cause COVID-19. Affinity selection-mass spectrometry was used for the discovery of botanical ligands to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Cannabinoid acids from hemp (Cannabis sativa) were found to be allosteric as well as orthosteric ligands with micromolar affinity for the spike protein. In follow-up virus neutralization assays, cannabigerolic acid and cannabidiolic acid prevented infection of human epithelial cells by a pseudovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and prevented entry of live SARS-CoV-2 into cells. Importantly, cannabigerolic acid and cannabidiolic acid were equally effective against the SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant B.1.1.7 and the beta variant B.1.351. Orally bioavailable and with a long history of safe human use, these cannabinoids, isolated or in hemp extracts, have the potential to prevent as well as treat infection by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. van Breemen
- Linus
Pauling Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College
of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2900 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ruth N. Muchiri
- Linus
Pauling Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College
of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2900 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Timothy A. Bates
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Jules B. Weinstein
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Hans C. Leier
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Scotland Farley
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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5
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Bates TA, Leier HC, Lyski ZL, McBride SK, Coulter FJ, Weinstein JB, Goodman JR, Lu Z, Siegel SAR, Sullivan P, Strnad M, Brunton AE, Lee DX, Adey AC, Bimber BN, O'Roak BJ, Curlin ME, Messer WB, Tafesse FG. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by convalescent and BNT162b2 vaccinated serum. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5135. [PMID: 34446720 PMCID: PMC8390486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and its variants continue to infect hundreds of thousands every day despite the rollout of effective vaccines. Therefore, it is essential to understand the levels of protection that these vaccines provide in the face of emerging variants. Here, we report two demographically balanced cohorts of BNT162b2 vaccine recipients and COVID-19 patients, from which we evaluate neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 as well as the B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta) variants. We show that both B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 are less well neutralized by serum from vaccinated individuals, and that B.1.351, but not B.1.1.7, is less well neutralized by convalescent serum. We also find that the levels of variant-specific anti-spike antibodies are proportional to neutralizing activities. Together, our results demonstrate the escape of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants from neutralization by serum antibodies, which may lead to reduced protection from re-infection or increased risk of vaccine breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Savannah K McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Felicity J Coulter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Zhengchun Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah A R Siegel
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter Sullivan
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matt Strnad
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amanda E Brunton
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David X Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew C Adey
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Brian J O'Roak
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marcel E Curlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
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6
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Bates TA, Leier HC, Lyski ZL, McBride SK, Coulter FJ, Weinstein JB, Goodman JR, Lu Z, Siegel SAR, Sullivan P, Strnad M, Brunton AE, Lee DX, Curlin ME, Messer WB, Tafesse FG. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by convalescent and vaccinated serum. medRxiv 2021:2021.04.04.21254881. [PMID: 33851185 PMCID: PMC8043482 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.04.21254881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We tested human sera from large, demographically balanced cohorts of BNT162b2 vaccine recipients (n=51) and COVID-19 patients (n=44) for neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. Although the effect is more pronounced in the vaccine cohort, both B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 show significantly reduced levels of neutralization by vaccinated and convalescent sera. Age is negatively correlated with neutralization in vaccinee, and levels of variant-specific RBD antibodies are proportional to neutralizing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hans C. Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Felicity J. Coulter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jules B. Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - James R. Goodman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhengchun Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah A. R. Siegel
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
| | - Peter Sullivan
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
| | - Matt Strnad
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
| | - Amanda E. Brunton
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
| | - David X. Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- USA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Portland, OR 97339
- USA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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7
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Bates TA, Weinstein JB, Farley S, Leier HC, Messer WB, Tafesse FG. Cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV structural protein antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108737. [PMID: 33545052 PMCID: PMC7835103 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there remain unanswered questions regarding the nature and significance of the humoral immune response toward other coronavirus infections. Here, we investigate the cross-reactivity of antibodies raised against the first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) for their reactivity toward SARS-CoV-2. We extensively characterize a selection of 10 antibodies covering all of the SARS-CoV structural proteins: spike, membrane, nucleocapsid, and envelope. Although nearly all of the examined SARS-CoV antibodies display some level of reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, we find only partial cross-neutralization for the spike antibodies. The implications of our work are two-fold. First, we establish a set of antibodies with known reactivity to both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which will allow further study of both viruses. Second, we provide empirical evidence of the high propensity for antibody cross-reactivity between distinct strains of human coronaviruses, which is critical information for designing diagnostic and vaccine strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Scotland Farley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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8
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Leier HC, Weinstein JB, Kyle JE, Lee JY, Bramer LM, Stratton KG, Kempthorne D, Navratil AR, Tafesse EG, Hornemann T, Messer WB, Dennis EA, Metz TO, Barklis E, Tafesse FG. A global lipid map defines a network essential for Zika virus replication. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3652. [PMID: 32694525 PMCID: PMC7374707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus of global concern, remodels intracellular membranes to form replication sites. How ZIKV dysregulates lipid networks to allow this, and consequences for disease, is poorly understood. Here, we perform comprehensive lipidomics to create a lipid network map during ZIKV infection. We find that ZIKV significantly alters host lipid composition, with the most striking changes seen within subclasses of sphingolipids. Ectopic expression of ZIKV NS4B protein results in similar changes, demonstrating a role for NS4B in modulating sphingolipid pathways. Disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis in various cell types, including human neural progenitor cells, blocks ZIKV infection. Additionally, the sphingolipid ceramide redistributes to ZIKV replication sites, and increasing ceramide levels by multiple pathways sensitizes cells to ZIKV infection. Thus, we identify a sphingolipid metabolic network with a critical role in ZIKV replication and show that ceramide flux is a key mediator of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Douglas Kempthorne
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Center for Diversity and Inclusion, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aaron R Navratil
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Endale G Tafesse
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Eric Barklis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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9
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Tafesse FG, Leier HC, Weinstein JB, Navratil AR, Messer WB, Dennis EA, Barklis E. Defining the roles of host lipids in flavivirus infection. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.654.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Abstract
This article discusses the use of expert, scientific testimony in Judge Weinstein's courtroom cases that involved Agent Orange, silicone breast implants, repetitive stress injuries, diethylstilbestrol (DES), and asbestos. The author summarizes the evidentiary standards for admitting expert, scientific testimony, and discusses some of the unique ethical and logistical issues presented by such evidence. Advice is offered for prospective expert witnesses. Possible solutions to the problems the legal and scientific communities face in balancing society's need for expert evidence and its limitations are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Weinstein
- United States District Court, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
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11
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Abstract
The authors present a detailed analysis of the sectional anatomy of the porta hepatis and hepatoduodenal ligament, and illustrate the use of high resolution CT in the clinical evaluation of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Weinstein
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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13
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Abstract
The plain radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings in two unusual cases of spinal Ewing sarcoma are reported. Radiographic features resembling neuroblastoma in one case and aneurysmal bone cyst in the other were present. These findings may be misleading and distinguishing characteristics in each case are discussed.
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Abstract
The computed tomographic (CT) manifestations of fibrosing mediastinitis were assessed in seven patients with pathologically proven disease. Computed tomography had been done to evaluate further a mediastinal or hilar mass seen on the conventional chest radiograph or to define extent of disease preoperatively. Findings included a mediastinal or hilar mass (7/7), calcifications of the central mass or in associated lymph nodes (6/7), tracheobronchial narrowing (5/7), and pulmonary infiltrates (4/7). In six of the seven patients, CT demonstrated masses or calcifications that were not evident with conventional radiography. The CT findings often were sufficient to suggest or corroborate the diagnosis of fibrosing mediastinitis, and the extent of the disease process was well depicted. In selected patients the CT findings may be sufficient to exclude the need for diagnostic tissue sampling.
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15
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Trus MD, Hintz CS, Weinstein JB, Williams AD, Pagliara AS, Matschinsky FM. A comparison of the effects of glucose and acetylcholine on insulin release and intermediary metabolism in rat pancreatic islets. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:3921-9. [PMID: 220227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Trus MD, Hintz CS, Weinstein JB, Williams AD, Pagliara AS, Matschinsky FM. Effects of glucose and acetylcholine on islet tissue NADH and insulin release. Life Sci 1978; 22:809-16. [PMID: 205753 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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