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Ahn G, Ban YJ, Shin GI, Jeong SY, Park KH, Kim WY, Cha JY. Ethylene enhances transcriptions of asparagine biosynthetic genes in soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr) leaves. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2287883. [PMID: 38019725 PMCID: PMC10761183 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2287883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Soybean, a vital protein-rich crop, offers bioactivity that can mitigate various chronic human diseases. Nonetheless, soybean breeding poses a challenge due to the negative correlation between enhanced protein levels and overall productivity. Our previous studies demonstrated that applying gaseous phytohormone, ethylene, to soybean leaves significantly boosts the accumulation of free amino acids, particularly asparagine (Asn). Current studies also revealed that ethylene application to soybeans significantly enhanced both essential and non-essential amino acid contents in leaves and stems. Asn plays a crucial role in ammonia detoxification and reducing fatigue. However, the molecular evidence supporting this phenomenon remains elusive. This study explores the molecular mechanisms behind enhanced Asn accumulation in ethylene-treated soybean leaves. Transcriptional analysis revealed that ethylene treatments to soybean leaves enhance the transcriptional levels of key genes involved in Asn biosynthesis, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and Asn synthetase (ASN), which aligns with our previous observations of elevated Asn levels. These findings shed light on the role of ethylene in upregulating Asn biosynthetic genes, subsequently enhancing Asn concentrations. This molecular insight into amino acid metabolism regulation provides valuable knowledge for the metabolic farming of crops, especially in elevating nutraceutical ingredients with non-genetic modification (GM) approach for improved protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), IALS, RILS, and PBRRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Ban
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), IALS, RILS, and PBRRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), IALS, RILS, and PBRRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), IALS, RILS, and PBRRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), IALS, RILS, and PBRRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), IALS, RILS, and PBRRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Cha JY, Uddin S, Macoy DM, Shin GI, Jeong SY, Ali I, Hwang JW, Ji MG, Lee SC, Park JH, Sultana M, Ryu GR, Ahn G, Lee SY, Kim MG, Kim WY. Nucleoredoxin gene SINRX1 negatively regulates tomato immunity by activating SA signaling pathway. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 200:107804. [PMID: 37269823 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is widely consumed globally and renowned for its health benefits, including the reduction of cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer risk. However, tomato production faces significant challenges, particularly due to various biotic stresses such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. To address this challenges, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to modify the tomato NUCLEOREDOXIN (SlNRX) genes (SlNRX1 and SlNRX2) belonging to the nucleocytoplasmic THIOREDOXIN subfamily. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutations in SlNRX1 (slnrx1) plants exhibited resistance against bacterial leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326, as well as the fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. However, the slnrx2 plants did not display resistance. Notably, the slnrx1 demonstrated elevated levels of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) and reduced levels of jasmonic acid after Psm infection, in comparison to both wild-type (WT) and slnrx2 plants. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis revealed that genes involved in SA biosynthesis, such as ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (SlICS1) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 5 (SlEDS5), were upregulated in slnrx1 compared to WT plants. In addition, a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 (PR1), exhibited increased expression in slnrx1 compared to WT. These findings suggest that SlNRX1 acts as a negative regulator of plant immunity, facilitating infection by the Psm pathogen through interference with the phytohormone SA signaling pathway. Thus, targeted mutagenesis of SlNRX1 is a promising genetic means to enhance biotic stress resistance in crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Donah Mary Macoy
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Imdad Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Ji
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Marium Sultana
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Ryul Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn G, Park HJ, Jeong SY, Shin GI, Ji MG, Cha JY, Kim J, Kim MG, Yun DJ, Kim WY. HOS15 represses flowering by promoting GIGANTEA degradation in response to low temperature in Arabidopsis. Plant Commun 2023:100570. [PMID: 36864727 PMCID: PMC10363504 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is the primary stage of the plant developmental transition and is tightly regulated by environmental factors such as light and temperature. However, the mechanisms by which temperature signals are integrated into the photoperiodic flowering pathway are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that HOS15, which is known as a GI transcriptional repressor in the photoperiodic flowering pathway, controls flowering time in response to low ambient temperature. At 16°C, the hos15 mutant exhibits an early flowering phenotype, and HOS15 acts upstream of photoperiodic flowering genes (GI, CO, and FT). GI protein abundance is increased in the hos15 mutant and is insensitive to the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Furthermore, the hos15 mutant has a defect in low ambient temperature-mediated GI degradation, and HOS15 interacts with COP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase for GI degradation. Phenotypic analyses of the hos15 cop1 double mutant revealed that repression of flowering by HOS15 is dependent on COP1 at 16°C. However, the HOS15-COP1 interaction was attenuated at 16°C, and GI protein abundance was additively increased in the hos15 cop1 double mutant, indicating that HOS15 acts independently of COP1 in GI turnover at low ambient temperature. This study proposes that HOS15 controls GI abundance through multiple modes as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and transcriptional repressor to coordinate appropriate flowering time in response to ambient environmental conditions such as temperature and day length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongik Ahn
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Ji
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Faculty of Science Education and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Khakurel D, Uprety Y, Ahn G, Cha JY, Kim WY, Lee SH, Rajbhandary S. Diversity, distribution, and sustainability of traditional medicinal plants in Kaski district, western Nepal. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1076351. [PMID: 36605393 PMCID: PMC9807671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1076351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the primary source of traditional healthcare systems in many rural areas mostly in developing countries. This study aimed to document and analyze the diversity, distribution, and sustainability of the traditional medicinal plants used by the Gurung people of the Sikles region in western Nepal. Ethnobotanical data were collected through focus group discussions and individual interviews, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Prior informed consent was obtained before each interview. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices such as informant consensus factor, relative frequency of citation, and use values were also calculated. A possible association among these indices was tested using correlation analysis. A total of 115 wild medicinal plant species belonging to 106 genera and 71 families were documented. Asteraceae and Rosaceae were the dominant families whereas herbs were the most dominant life form. Roots were the most used plant part, paste was the most common method of preparation, and most of the medical formulations were taken orally. The highest number of medicinal plants were used to treat stomach disorders. The average informant consensus value of 0.79 indicates a high consensus among respondents in selecting medicinal plants. Lindera neesiana, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Paris polyphylla, and Bergenia ciliata were found to be high-ranking medicinal plants based on the relative frequency of citation and use value. The genders did not affect medicinal plants' knowledge but age had a significant correlation. Most of the informants agreed that medicinal plants are under pressure due to overharvesting and a lack of proper forest management practices. The number of medicinal plants reported from the study area indicates that the Gurung people possess rich traditional knowledge, and the vegetation of the Sikles region constitutes rich diversity of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Khakurel
- Department of Biology, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal,*Correspondence: Yadav Uprety, ; Woe-Yeon Kim, ; Sung-Ho Lee,
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,*Correspondence: Yadav Uprety, ; Woe-Yeon Kim, ; Sung-Ho Lee,
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,*Correspondence: Yadav Uprety, ; Woe-Yeon Kim, ; Sung-Ho Lee,
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Cha JY, Ahn G, Jeong SY, Shin GI, Ali I, Ji MG, Alimzhan A, Lee SY, Kim MG, Kim WY. Nucleoredoxin 1 positively regulates heat stress tolerance by enhancing the transcription of antioxidants and heat-shock proteins in tomato. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim D, Ahn G, Schmehr J, Wilson SD, Moon SJ. Effects of the on-site energy on the electronic response of Sr3(Ir1−xMnx)2O7. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18957. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe investigated the doping and temperature evolutions of the optical response of Sr3(Ir1−xMnx)2O7 single crystals with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.36 by utilizing infrared spectroscopy. Substitution of 3d transition metal Mn ions into Sr3Ir2O7 is expected to induce an insulator-to-metal transition via the decrease in the magnitude of the spin–orbit coupling and the hole doping. In sharp contrast, our data reveal the resilience of the spin–orbit coupling and the incoherent character of the charge transport. Upon Mn substitution, an incoherent in-gap excitation at about 0.25 eV appeared with the decrease in the strength of the optical transitions between the effective total angular momentum Jeff bands of the Ir ions. The resonance energies of the optical transitions between the Jeff bands which are directly proportional to the magnitude of the spin–orbit coupling hardly varied. In addition to these evolutions of the low-energy response, Mn substitution led to the emergence of a distinct high-energy optical excitation at about 1.2 eV which is larger than the resonance energies of the optical transitions between the Jeff bands. This observation indicates that the Mn 3d states are located away from the Ir 5d states in energy and that the large difference in the on-site energies of the transition metal ions is responsible for the incoherent charge transport and the robustness of the spin–orbit coupling. The effect of Mn substitution was also registered in the temperature dependence of the electronic response. The anomaly in the optical response of the parent compound observed at the antiferromagnetic transition temperature is notably suppressed in the Mn-doped compounds despite the persistence of the long-range antiferromagnetic ordering. The suppression of the spin-charge coupling could be related to charge disproportionation of the Ir ions.
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Uddin S, Bae D, Cha JY, Ahn G, Kim WY, Kim MG. Coronatine Induces Stomatal Reopening by Inhibiting Hormone Signaling Pathways. J Plant Biol 2022; 65:403-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s12374-022-09362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
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Cha JY, Jeong SY, Ahn G, Shin GI, Ji MG, Lee SC, Khakurel D, Macoy DM, Lee YB, Kim MG, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Kim WY. The thiol-reductase activity of YUCCA6 enhances nickel heavy metal stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1007542. [PMID: 36237515 PMCID: PMC9551240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities cause the leaching of heavy metals into groundwater and their accumulation in soil. Excess levels of heavy metals cause toxicity in plants, inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and possible death caused by the resulting oxidative stress. Heavy metal stresses repress auxin biosynthesis and transport, inhibiting plant growth. Here, we investigated whether nickel (Ni) heavy metal toxicity is reduced by exogenous auxin application and whether Ni stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by the bifunctional enzyme YUCCA6 (YUC6), which functions as an auxin biosynthetic enzyme and a thiol-reductase (TR). We found that an application of up to 1 µM exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) reduces Ni stress toxicity. yuc6-1D, a dominant mutant of YUC6 with high auxin levels, was more tolerant of Ni stress than wild-type (WT) plants, despite absorbing significantly more Ni. Treatments of WT plants with YUCASIN, a specific inhibitor of YUC-mediated auxin biosynthesis, increased Ni toxicity; however yuc6-1D was not affected by YUCASIN and remained tolerant of Ni stress. This suggests that rather than the elevated IAA levels in yuc6-1D, the TR activity of YUC6 might be critical for Ni stress tolerance. The loss of TR activity in YUC6 caused by the point-mutation of Cys85 abolished the YUC6-mediated Ni stress tolerance. We also found that the Ni stress-induced ROS accumulation was inhibited in yuc6-1D plants, which consequently also showed reduced oxidative damage. An enzymatic assay and transcriptional analysis revealed that the peroxidase activity and transcription of PEROXIREDOXIN Q were enhanced by Ni stress to a greater level in yuc6-1D than in the WT. These findings imply that despite the need to maintain endogenous IAA levels for basal Ni stress tolerance, the TR activity of YUC6, not the elevated IAA levels, plays the predominant role inNi stress tolerance by lowering Ni-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Myung Geun Ji
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dhruba Khakurel
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Donah Mary Macoy
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Cha JY, Kim J, Jeong SY, Shin GI, Ji MG, Hwang JW, Khaleda L, Liao X, Ahn G, Park HJ, Kim DY, Pardo JM, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Somers DE, Kim WY. The Na +/H + antiporter SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 regulates salt compensation of circadian rhythms by stabilizing GIGANTEA in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207275119. [PMID: 35939685 PMCID: PMC9388102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207275119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a timekeeping, homeostatic system that temporally coordinates all major cellular processes. The function of the circadian clock is compensated in the face of variable environmental conditions ranging from normal to stress-inducing conditions. Salinity is a critical environmental factor affecting plant growth, and plants have evolved the SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE (SOS) pathway to acquire halotolerance. However, the regulatory systems for clock compensation under salinity are unclear. Here, we show that the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 specifically functions as a salt-specific circadian clock regulator via GIGANTEA (GI) in Arabidopsis thaliana. SOS1 directly interacts with GI in a salt-dependent manner and stabilizes this protein to sustain a proper clock period under salinity conditions. SOS1 function in circadian clock regulation requires the salt-mediated secondary messengers cytosolic free calcium and reactive oxygen species, pointing to a distinct regulatory role for SOS1 in addition to its function as a transporter to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Our results demonstrate that SOS1 maintains homeostasis of the salt response under high or daily fluctuating salt levels. These findings highlight the genetic capacity of the circadian clock to maintain timekeeping activity over a broad range of salinity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Faculty of Science Education and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Ji
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Laila Khaleda
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Xueji Liao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jose M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - David E. Somers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Macoy DMJ, Uddin S, Ahn G, Peseth S, Ryu GR, Cha JY, Lee JY, Bae D, Paek SM, Chung HJ, Mackey D, Lee SY, Kim WY, Kim MG. Effect of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides, Coumaroyl Tyramine and Coumaroyl Tryptamine on Biotic Stress Response in Arabidopsis. J Plant Biol 2022; 65:145-155. [DOI: 10.1007/s12374-021-09341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
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11
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Ahn G, Jung IJ, Cha JY, Jeong SY, Shin GI, Ji MG, Kim MG, Lee SY, Kim WY. Phytochrome B Positively Regulates Red Light-Mediated ER Stress Response in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:846294. [PMID: 35283886 PMCID: PMC8905361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.846294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, and light signaling is integrated with various stress responses to adapt to different environmental changes. During this process, excessive protein synthesis overwhelms the protein-folding ability of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress. Although crosstalk between light signaling and ER stress response has been reported in plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) induces the expression of ER luminal protein chaperones as well as that of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes. The phyB-5 mutant was less sensitive to tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress than were the wild-type plants, whereas phyB-overexpressing plants displayed a more sensitive phenotype under white light conditions. ER stress response genes (BiP2 and BiP3), UPR-related bZIP transcription factors (bZIP17, bZIP28, and bZIP60), and programmed cell death (PCD)-associated genes (OXI1, NRP1, and MC8) were upregulated in phyB-overexpressing plants, but not in phyB-5, under ER stress conditions. The ER stress-sensitive phenotype of phyB-5 under red light conditions was eliminated with a reduction in photo-equilibrium by far-red light and darkness. The N-terminal domain of phyB is essential for signal transduction of the ER stress response in the nucleus, which is similar to light signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that phyB integrates light signaling with the UPR to relieve ER stress and maintain proper plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - In Jung Jung
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), Ministry of Environment, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Myung Geun Ji
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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12
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Ahn G, Cha JY, Lee JW, Park G, Shin GI, Song SJ, Ryu G, Hwang I, Kim MG, Kim WY. Production of a Bacteria-like Particle Vaccine Targeting Rock Bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus) Iridovirus Using Nicotiana benthamiana. J Plant Biol 2021; 65:21-28. [PMID: 34602836 PMCID: PMC8477727 DOI: 10.1007/s12374-021-09328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases are extremely widespread infections that change constantly through mutations. To produce vaccines against viral diseases, transient expression systems are employed, and Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco) plants are a rapidly expanding platform. In this study, we developed a recombinant protein vaccine targeting the major capsid protein (MCP) of iridovirus fused with the lysine motif (LysM) and coiled-coil domain of coronin 1 (ccCor1) for surface display using Lactococcus lactis. The protein was abundantly produced in N. benthamiana in its N-glycosylated form. Total soluble proteins isolated from infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves were treated sequentially with increasing ammonium sulfate solution, and recombinant MCP mainly precipitated at 40-60%. Additionally, affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA resin was applied for further purification. Native structure analysis using size exclusion chromatography showed that recombinant MCP existed in a large oligomeric form. A minimum OD600 value of 0.4 trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-treated L. lactis was required for efficient recombinant MCP display. Immunogenicity of recombinant MCP was assessed in a mouse model through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with serum-injected recombinant MCP-displaying L. lactis. In summary, we developed a plant-based recombinant vaccine production system combined with surface display on L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongran Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Jian Song
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongryul Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
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13
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Lee J, Choi B, Yun A, Son N, Ahn G, Cha JY, Kim WY, Hwang I. Long-term abscisic acid promotes golden2-like1 degradation through constitutive photomorphogenic 1 in a light intensity-dependent manner to suppress chloroplast development. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:3034-3048. [PMID: 34129248 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress, a serious threat to plants, occurs for extended periods in nature. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a critical role in abiotic stress responses in plants. Therefore, stress responses mediated by ABA have been studied extensively, especially in short-term responses. However, long-term stress responses mediated by ABA remain largely unknown. To elucidate the mechanism by which plants respond to prolonged abiotic stress, we used long-term ABA treatment that activates the signalling against abiotic stress such as dehydration and investigated mechanisms underlying the responses. Long-term ABA treatment activates constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1). Active COP1 mediates the ubiquitination of golden2-like1 (GLK1) for degradation, contributing to lowering expression of photosynthesis-associated genes such as glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HEMA1) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (PORA), resulting in the suppression of chloroplast development. Moreover, COP1 activation and GLK1 degradation upon long-term ABA treatment depend on light intensity. Additionally, plants with COP1 mutation or exposed to higher light intensity were more sensitive to salt stress. Collectively, our results demonstrate that long-term treatment of ABA leads to activation of COP1 in a light intensity-dependent manner for GLK1 degradation to suppress chloroplast development, which we propose to constitute a mechanism of balancing normal growth and stress responses upon the long-term abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhun Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bongsoo Choi
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Areum Yun
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Namil Son
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), RILS & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), RILS & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), RILS & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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14
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Song SJ, Shin GI, Noh J, Lee J, Kim DH, Ryu G, Ahn G, Jeon H, Diao HP, Park Y, Kim MG, Kim WY, Kim YJ, Sohn EJ, Song CS, Hwang I. Plant-based, adjuvant-free, potent multivalent vaccines for avian influenza virus via Lactococcus surface display. J Integr Plant Biol 2021; 63:1505-1520. [PMID: 34051041 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Influenza epidemics frequently and unpredictably break out all over the world, and seriously affect the breeding industry and human activity. Inactivated and live attenuated viruses have been used as protective vaccines but exhibit high risks for biosafety. Subunit vaccines enjoy high biosafety and specificity but have a few weak points compared to inactivated virus or live attenuated virus vaccines, especially in low immunogenicity. In this study, we developed a new subunit vaccine platform for a potent, adjuvant-free, and multivalent vaccination. The ectodomains of hemagglutinins (HAs) of influenza viruses were expressed in plants as trimers (tHAs) to mimic their native forms. tHAs in plant extracts were directly used without purification for binding to inactivated Lactococcus (iLact) to produce iLact-tHAs, an antigen-carrying bacteria-like particle (BLP). tHAs BLP showed strong immune responses in mice and chickens without adjuvants. Moreover, simultaneous injection of two different antigens by two different formulas, tHAH5N6 + H9N2 BLP or a combination of tHAH5N6 BLP and tHAH9N2 BLP, led to strong immune responses to both antigens. Based on these results, we propose combinations of plant-based antigen production and BLP-based delivery as a highly potent and cost-effective platform for multivalent vaccination for subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jian Song
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | | | - Jiho Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Deok-Hwan Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Gyeongryul Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 PLUS), Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Hyungmin Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hai-Ping Diao
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Youngmin Park
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Bioapp, Inc., Pohang Technopark Complex, Pohang, 37668, Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 PLUS), Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Sohn
- Bioapp, Inc., Pohang Technopark Complex, Pohang, 37668, Korea
| | - Chang Seon Song
- KCAV Inc., Gwangjin-gu, 05029, Korea
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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15
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Valente EEL, Klotz JL, Ahn G, Harmon DL. Pattern of postruminal administration of l-tryptophan affects blood serotonin in cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106574. [PMID: 33059121 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) has many important functions in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Although it has been demonstrated that manipulation of serotonin metabolism is possible in many species, there is limited information about l-tryptophan (TRP), a serotonin precursor, in cattle, and these provide conflicting results. Furthermore, there is no study evaluating how different patterns of intra-abomasal infusion of TRP impact circulating 5-HT. The objective of this study was to evaluate if intra-abomasal infusion patterns of TRP can affect circulating 5-HT and other metabolites from TRP metabolism in the plasma and serum and circulating glucose and insulin in cattle. Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each received intra-abomasal water infusion (control) or intra-abomasal TRP infusion (50 mg/kg BW) in 3 different patterns: a pulse infusion once a day (pulse once), pulse infusion twice a day (pulse twice), or continuous infusion (continuous). For continuous treatment, the TRP dose was diluted in tap water and infused by a peristaltic pump (300 mL/h). To equalize conditions, the other treatments had a water infusion (300 mL/h). The steers were fed every 2 h, and blood was collected from a jugular vein catheter every 4 h for 24 h after the initial infusion. Urine produced during the 24 h period was collected. Serum and plasma TRP, 5-HT and kynurenine, plasma glucose, and serum insulin concentrations were analyzed. Urine was analyzed for concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Both serum TRP and kynurenine were increased (P < 0.05) by all TRP infusion treatments, but concentrations in pulse dose treatments were greater than those in continuous infusion. Serum 5-HT increased (P < 0.05) with both pulse TRP infusion treatments; however, the continuous TRP infusion did not increase the serum 5-HT. Plasma 5-HT, glucose, and insulin had a tendency to increase with TRP pulse infusions. The urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion was highest for pulse dose treatments. An acute supply of TRP in 1 or 2 daily doses increases serum 5-HT and increases circulating glucose and insulin in cattle. The TRP and kynurenine concentrations are similar in plasma and serum. However, the serum 5-HT concentration is more responsive to TRP administration than plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E L Valente
- Agricultural Science Center, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Cândido Rondon 85960-000, Brazil
| | - J L Klotz
- USDA-ARS, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - G Ahn
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA
| | - D L Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA.
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Nguyen HH, Lee MH, Song K, Ahn G, Lee J, Hwang I. The A/ENTH Domain-Containing Protein AtECA4 Is an Adaptor Protein Involved in Cargo Recycling from the trans-Golgi Network/Early Endosome to the Plasma Membrane. Mol Plant 2018; 11:568-583. [PMID: 29317286 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis and subsequent trafficking pathways are crucial for regulating the activity of plasma membrane-localized proteins. Depending on cellular and physiological conditions, the internalized cargoes are sorted at (and transported from) the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) to the vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. How this occurs at the molecular level remains largely elusive. Here, we provide evidence that the ENTH domain-containing protein AtECA4 plays a crucial role in recycling cargoes from the TGN/EE to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtECA4:sGFP primarily localized to the TGN/EE and plasma membrane (at low levels). Upon NaCl or mannitol treatment, AtECA4:sGFP accumulated at the TGN/EE at an early time point but was released from the TGN/EE to the cytosol at later time points. The ateca4 mutant showed higher resistance to osmotic stress and more sensitive to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) than the wild type, as well as increased expression of ABA-inducible genes RD29A and RD29B. Consistently, ABCG25, a plasma membrane-localized ABA exporter, accumulated at the prevacuolar compartment in ateca4, indicating a defect in recycling to the plasma membrane. However, the role of AtECA4 in cargo recycling is not specific to ABCG25, as it also functions in the recycling of BRI1. These results suggest that AtECA4 plays a crucial role in the recycling of endocytosed cargoes from the TGN/EE to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hanh Nguyen
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Myoung Hui Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kyungyoung Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jihyeong Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
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17
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Kim H, Hong B, Shueler E, Rafat M, Maxim P, Loo B, Ahn G. PV-0572: Biological effects by the next generation of ultra-fast dose rate ionizing radiation ‘FLASH’. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Ahn G, Kim H, Kim DH, Hanh H, Yoon Y, Singaram I, Wijesinghe KJ, Johnson KA, Zhuang X, Liang Z, Stahelin RV, Jiang L, Cho W, Kang BH, Hwang I. SH3 Domain-Containing Protein 2 Plays a Crucial Role at the Step of Membrane Tubulation during Cell Plate Formation. Plant Cell 2017; 29:1388-1405. [PMID: 28584166 PMCID: PMC5502459 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During cytokinesis in plants, trans-Golgi network-derived vesicles accumulate at the center of dividing cells and undergo various structural changes to give rise to the planar cell plate. However, how this conversion occurs at the molecular level remains elusive. In this study, we report that SH3 Domain-Containing Protein 2 (SH3P2) in Arabidopsis thaliana plays a crucial role in converting vesicles to the planar cell plate. SH3P2 RNAi plants showed cytokinesis-defective phenotypes and produced aggregations of vesicles at the leading edge of the cell plate. SH3P2 localized to the leading edge of the cell plate, particularly the constricted or curved regions of the cell plate. The BAR domain of SH3P2 induced tubulation of vesicles. SH3P2 formed a complex with dynamin-related protein 1A (DRP1A) and affected DRP1A accumulation to the cell plate. Based on these results, we propose that SH3P2 functions together with DRP1A to convert the fused vesicles to tubular structures during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongik Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Dae Heon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hong Hanh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Youngdae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Indira Singaram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Kaveesha J Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Kristen A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zizhen Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wonhwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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19
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Toyoda M, Thomas D, Ahn G, Kahwaji J, Mirocha J, Chu M, Vo A, Suviolahti E, Ge S, Jordan SC. JC polyomavirus viremia and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human leukocyte antigen-sensitized kidney transplant recipients desensitized with intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab. Transpl Infect Dis 2016; 17:838-47. [PMID: 26437369 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desensitization (DES) with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) + rituximab is effective, safe, and increases the transplantation rate in human leukocyte antigen-sensitized patients. However, reports of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) in autoimmune patients treated with rituximab is concerning. Here, we report on the JCPyV viremia and PML status in kidney transplant patients with/without DES (non-DES). METHODS In total 1195 and 699 DNA samples from plasma in 117 DES (78% lymphocyte-depleting [LyD] induction) and 100 non-DES patients (45% LyD), respectively, were submitted for JCPyV-polymerase chain reaction. Results were compared in both groups. RESULTS No patients in either DES or non-DES developed PML or presented with any neurological symptoms. The JCPyV viremia rate was similar in DES and non-DES patients (3/117 vs. 9/100, P = 0.07). The JCPyV levels were low (median peak levels, 1025 copies/mL) and JCPyV viremia was observed only once during the study period in most patients. All 3 DES patients with JCPyV(+) received 1 dose rituximab and no DES patients with >1 dose rituximab showed JCPyV(+). All 3 JCPyV(+) DES patients received LyD induction, while only 2 of 9 JCPyV(+) non-DES patients did so, and the remaining 7 received non-LyD or no induction. JCPyV in leukocyte was mostly negative in DES and non-DES patients. Immunosuppression in patients with or without JCPyV(+) was similar. BK polyomavirus viremia was observed more commonly in patients with JCPyV(+) than in those without (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Patients with IVIG + rituximab DES followed by transplantation with LyD induction and additional rituximab rarely show JCPyV viremia and appear at low risk for PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toyoda
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - D Thomas
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - G Ahn
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J Kahwaji
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J Mirocha
- Biostatistics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M Chu
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - A Vo
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - E Suviolahti
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S Ge
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S C Jordan
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Won JY, Park CY, Bae JH, Ahn G, Kim C, Lim DH, Cho DW, Yun WS, Shim JH, Huh JB. Evaluation of 3D printed PCL/PLGA/
β
-TCP versus collagen membranes for guided bone regeneration in a beagle implant model. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:055013. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/5/055013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bing SJ, Ha D, Ahn G, Cho J, Kim A, Park SK, Yu HS, Jee Y. Galectin isolated from parasite inhibits remission of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by up-regulating autoantibody. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:419-31. [PMID: 25619397 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, parasite infections or parasite-derived products have been suggested as a therapeutic strategy with suppression of immunopathology, which involves the induction of regulatory T cells or/and T helper type 2 (Th2) responses. In a recent study, researchers reported that constructed recombinant galectin (rTl-gal) isolated from an adult worm of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Toxascaris leonina attenuated clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease in mice treated with dextran sulphate sodium. Noting the role of rTl-gal in inflammatory disease, we attempted to investigate the effect of the parasite via its rTl-gal on neuronal autoimmune disease using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse inflammatory and demyelinating autoimmune disease model of human multiple sclerosis. In this model, rTl-gal-treated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice failed to recover after the peak of the disease, leading to persistent central nervous system (CNS) damage, such as demyelination, gliosis and axonal damage. Further, rTl-gal-treated EAE mice markedly increased the number of CD45R/B220(+) B cells in both infiltrated inflammation and the periphery, along with the increased production of autoantibody [anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 ] in serum at chronic stage. Upon antigen restimulation, rTl-gal treatment affected the release of overall cytokines, especially interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Our results suggest that galectin isolated from a gastrointestinal parasite can deliver a harmful effect to EAE contrary to its beneficial effect on inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Bing
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for nuclear science & technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - D Ha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for nuclear science & technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - G Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - J Cho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for nuclear science & technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - A Kim
- Department of Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - S K Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - H S Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Y Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for nuclear science & technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Department of Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
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22
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Cha JY, Ahn G, Kim JY, Kang SB, Kim MR, Su'udi M, Kim WY, Son D. Structural and functional differences of cytosolic 90-kDa heat-shock proteins (Hsp90s) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:368-373. [PMID: 23827697 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The seven members of the 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) family encode highly conserved molecular chaperones essential for cell survival in Arabidopsis thaliana. Hsp90 are abundant proteins, localized in different compartments with AtHsp90.1-4 in the cytosol and AtHsp90.5-7 in different organelles. Among the AtHsp90, AtHsp90.1, is stress-inducible and shares comparatively low sequence identity with the constitutively expressed AtHsp90.2-4. Even though abundant information is available on mammalian cytosolic Hsp90 proteins, it is unknown whether cytosolic Hsp90 proteins display different structural and functional properties. We have now analyzed two A. thalianas cytosolic Hsp90s, AtHsp90.1 and AtHsp90.3, for functional divergence. AtHsp90.3 showed higher holdase chaperone activity than AtHsp90.1, although both AtHsp90s exhibited effective chaperone activity. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed different oligomeric states distinguishing the two Hsp90 proteins. While AtHsp90.1 exists in several oligomeric states, including monomers, dimers and higher oligomers, AtHsp90.3 exists predominantly in a high oligomeric state. High oligomeric state of AtHsp90.1 showed higher holdase chaperone activity than the respective monomer or dimer states. When high oligomeric forms of AtHsp90.1 and AtHsp90.3 are reduced by DTT, activity was reduced compared to that found in the native high oligomeric state. In addition, ATP-dependent foldase chaperone activity of AtHsp90.3 was higher with strong intrinsic ATPase activity than that of AtHsp90.1. As a conclusion, the two A. thaliana cytosolic Hsp90 proteins display different functional activities depending on structural differences, implying functional divergence although the proteins are localized to the same sub-cellular organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 and WCU Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Jung K, Miyagawa M, Matsuda A, Amagai Y, Oida K, Okamoto Y, Takai M, Nishikawa S, Jang H, Ishizaka S, Ahn G, Tanaka A, Matsuda H. Antifungal effects of palmitic acid salt and ultrapure soft water on Scedosporium apiospermum. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:711-7. [PMID: 23826728 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Scedosporium apiospermum sometimes causes serious infectious diseases on the skin of immunodeficient subjects. Antifungal effects of fatty acid salts in soap against S. apiospermum were investigated under different water conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Ultrapure soft water (UPSW) was generated by the water softener with cation-exchange resin. The calcium and magnesium ions were replaced with sodium ions in UPSW. Scedosporium apiospermum was incubated with different fatty acid salts that constituted soap in distilled water (DW), tap water (TW) and UPSW. After incubation, the number of fungi was counted. Among the fatty acids, palmitic acid salt (C16) reduced the number of S. apiospermum. UPSW enhanced the antifungal effect of C16 on S. apiospermum. The absence of both calcium and magnesium ions and the existence of sodium chloride in UPSW were responsible for its antifungal effect. In addition, repeated short-term treatment with UPSW and C16 decreased the number of S. apiospermum. CONCLUSIONS Antifungal effects of C16 on S. apiospermum were demonstrated. Moreover, the use of UPSW promoted the antifungal effect of C16. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study provides the preventive method for diseases associated with S. apiospermum infection using novel palmitic acid soap in UPSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jung
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Brown M, Ahn G, Kioi M, Liu S, Alomran R. SP-0200 TARGETING VASCULOGENESIS TO IMPROVE RADIATION RESPONSE. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Choi YL, Kim J, Kwon MJ, Choi JS, Kim TJ, Bae DS, Koh SS, In YH, Park YW, Kim SH, Ahn G, Shin YK. Expression profile of tight junction protein claudin 3 and claudin 4 in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma with prognostic correlation. Histol Histopathol 2007; 22:1185-95. [PMID: 17647191 DOI: 10.14670/hh-22.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tight junction proteins claudin 3 (CLDN3) and claudin 4 (CLDN4) are frequently altered in several human cancers, including ovarian carcinomas. Here, we examined the gene expression of CLDN3 and CLDN4 in various tumors, including 19 normal ovaries and 47 ovarian carcinomas by analyzing Affymetrix HG-U133 array data. Furthermore, a total of 114 ovarian serous tumors, including 10 adenomas, 20 borderline tumors and 84 carcinomas, were analyzed immunohistochemically to confirm the expression of two proteins and we assessed the association of their expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of the patients. The microarray experiment revealed CLDN3 and CLDN4 transcripts were significantly up-regulated by 5-fold or more in most subtypes of ovarian epithelial carcinomas while the immunohistochemical analyses indicated that each protein was expressed in 68 (81.0%) and 72 (85.7%) of 84 serous adenocarcinomas, respectively. Borderline serous tumors and adenomas showed significantly lower expression of these proteins than the adenocarcinomas. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that serous adenocarcinoma patients with high CLDN3 expression had substantially shorter survival (P=0.027). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CLDN3 overexpression is an independent negative prognostic factor. Our findings suggest that CLDN3 overexpression can be used as a prognostic indicator in ovarian serous carcinomas. Moreover, CLDN3 may be a promising target for antibody-based therapy of ovarian carcinomas.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Claudin-3
- Claudin-4
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/mortality
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Cystadenoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenoma, Serous/mortality
- Cystadenoma, Serous/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovary/metabolism
- Ovary/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Pathologic characteristics of the prostatic adenocarcinoma in Koreans are not clear. We studied 132 cases of prostatectomy specimens using mapping analysis to discover the pathologic characteristics of the Korean prostatic adenocarcinoma. Mean values were as follows: serum prostate-specific antigen level (sPSA), 16.4 ng/ml; tumor volume, 27.5%; size, 2.4 cm; Gleason score, 7.7; and p53 expression, 9.8%. Rates of multifocal tumors and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm (HPIN) were 33.3 and 65.2%. The Gleason score, tumor volume%, tumor size and sPSA were correlated with each other. Korean prostatic adenocarcinomas showed higher Gleason scores, lower rates of HPIN and multifocality, and lower p53 expression in comparison to Western prostatic adenocarcinomas. These data may be a basis for pathologic characteristics of Korean prostatic adenocarcinoma that has now been increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Song
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Kwak H, Bae M, Lee M, Sung H, Shin J, Ahn G, Kim Y, Lee C, Cho M. Effects of cartap on the early-life stages of medaka (Oryzias latipes). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 65:717-723. [PMID: 11080351 DOI: 10.1007/s0012800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-inhibin alpha and inhibin/activin betaA subunit and anti-CD99 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have recently been demonstrated to be able to label ovarian granulosa cells; thus, they may be of value in the diagnosis of granulosa cell tumors. The present study aimed to determine what combination of these mAbs may be useful for the differential diagnosis of sex cord-stromal tumors of ovary. DESIGN Immunohistochemical analyses with anti-inhibin alpha and inhibin/activin betaA subunit antibody and anti-CD99 mAb were performed on 42 ovarian tumors, including sex cord-stromal tumors (29), ovarian epithelial cancers (10), and Krukenberg tumors (3). RESULTS All sex cord-stromal tumors were positive for inhibin alpha subunit, and 17 cases (58.6%) of sex cord-stromal tumors were immunoreactive for inhibin/activin betaA subunit. Epithelial tumors and Krukenberg tumors were all negative for inhibin/activin betaA subunit except mucinous carcinoma, which showed strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. All sex cord-stromal tumors except one granulosa cell tumor showed membranous staining for CD99. A case of serous carcinoma and a case of mucinous carcinoma were positive for CD99, and the remaining epithelial tumors and Krukenberg tumor were all negative for CD99. CONCLUSIONS The results of immunohistochemical analysis, together with literature review, suggest that inhibin alpha subunit may be a useful diagnostic marker for sex cord-stromal tumor of the ovary. In addition, anti-CD99 antibody may be useful for the differential diagnosis between ovarian tumors. Inhibin/activin betaA subunit has a limited usefulness in the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumor because of its wider immunoreactivity for both sex cord-stromal tumors and mucinous carcinomas. The differential diagnosis of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary would be better made with a combined use of both anti-inhibin alpha subunit and anti-CD99 mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Choi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Abstract
A case of a monodermal teratoma of the ovary composed solely of mature neuroglial elements is described. The cyst lining comprised ependymal cells surrounded by white matter which itself was resting on mesothelial cells. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and neurofilament-positive fibres were seen, but no neuron cell bodies were present. Immunohistochemical stains showed positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein in ependymal, subependymal and the white matter regions while S-100 protein positivity was restricted to the white matter. Vessels within neuroectodermal tissue, but not those within the mesodermal tissue, stained positively for anti-glucose transporter protein, a marker shown to be present in vessels with barrier functions. We conclude that this is a rare case of monodermal teratoma consisting of purely mature brain tissue with a microvasculature exhibiting blood-brain barrier characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fogt
- Department of Pathology, Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
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