1
|
Wenting E, Siepel H, Jansen PA. Variability of the Ionome of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Dutch National Park, with Implications for Biomonitoring. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2518-2546. [PMID: 37814170 PMCID: PMC11052835 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The ionome-an important expression of the physiological state of organisms-is poorly known for mammals. The focus on particular tissues-such as liver, kidney, and bones-in biomonitoring of environmental pollution and potential deficiencies is based on widely held assumptions rather than solid knowledge of full mammalian ionomes. We examined the full ionome of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Wild boar (Sus scrofa), two commonly used mammals for biomonitoring, in a Dutch protected nature reserve (Veluwezoom). We used four individuals per species. We dissected 13 tissues and organs from each individuals (eight in total) of each species and measured 22 elemental concentrations in each. We assessed, for each element, how concentrations varied across tissues within and between individuals. Based on existing literature, we put our findings in the context of their function in the mammalian body. We found that the ionome was highly variable between as well as within the two species. For most elements, tissues containing the highest and lowest concentration differed between individuals. No single tissue accurately represented the accumulation of toxic elements or potential deficiencies in the bodies. Our assessment of the element's biological roles revealed a serious lack of reference values. Our findings imply that analyses of commonly used tissues in biomonitoring do not necessarily capture bioaccumulation of toxins or potential deficiencies. We recommend establishing a centralized database of mammalian ionomes to derive reference values in future. To our knowledge, our study is one of the most complete assessments of mammalian ionomes to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Wenting
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wenting E, Jansen PA, Pattipeilohy L, van Lunteren P, Siepel H, van Langevelde F. Influence of tree cover on carcass detection and consumption by facultative vertebrate scavengers. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10935. [PMID: 38571788 PMCID: PMC10985364 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Scavenging mammals and vultures can exploit and deplete carcasses much faster than other birds and invertebrates. Vultures are strongly influenced by habitat type, e.g. tree cover, since they rely on their eyesight to detect carcasses. It remains unclear whether and how facultative scavengers - both other birds and mammals - are influenced by tree cover and how that affect carcass decomposition time, which in turn affects biodiversity and ecological processes, including the cycle of energy and nutrients. We studied whether the carcass detection and consumption, hence carcass decomposition speed, by facultative avian and mammalian scavengers varies with tree cover in areas without vultures. Fresh mammal carcasses were placed in different landscapes across the Netherlands at locations that widely varied in tree cover. Camera traps were used to record carcass exploitation by facultative avian and mammalian scavengers and to estimate carcass decomposition time. We found that carcass detection and consumption by birds, wild boar, and other mammals varied between locations. Carcass decomposition speed indeed increased with carcass detection and exploitation by mammals, especially by wild boar. However, this variation was not related to tree cover. We conclude that tree cover is not a major determinant of carcass exploitation by facultative scavengers in areas without obligate scavengers and large carnivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Wenting
- Department of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick A. Jansen
- Department of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
| | - Luke Pattipeilohy
- Department of Animal Ecology and PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Frank van Langevelde
- Department of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wenting E, Siepel H, Christerus M, Jansen PA. Ionomic Variation Among Tissues in Fallow Deer (Dama dama) by Sex and Age. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:965-979. [PMID: 37286849 PMCID: PMC10803548 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
(1) In mammals, the mineral nutrient and trace elemental composition of the body - the ionome - differs among individuals. It has been hypothesized that these differences may be related to age and sex, both for ecotoxic and essential elements. (2) We investigated whether and how intraspecific ionomic variation is related to age and sex in Fallow deer (Dama dama). We tested the predictions that concentrations of ecotoxic elements increase with age, that ionomic variation is lower among young individuals than among older individuals, and that reproductive females (does) have the lowest concentrations of essential elements. (3) Culled animals of different sex and age were obtained from a single protected area. The animals were dissected to collect 13 tissues, and concentrations of 22 different elements were measured in a sample of each tissue. (4) We described substantial ionomic variation between individuals. Some of this variation was related to age and sex, as predicted. Based on the limited existing knowledge on chemical element allocation and metabolism in the body, sex-related differences were more difficult to interpret than age-related differences. Since reference values are absent, we could not judge about the consequences of the elemental values that we found. (5) More extensive ionomic surveys, based on a wide range of elements and tissues, are needed to enlarge the understanding of within-species ionomic variation and potential biological, ecological, and metabolic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Wenting
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Christerus
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haarsma AJ, Jongejans E, Duijm E, van der Graaf C, Lammers Y, Sharma M, Siepel H, Gravendeel B. Female pond bats hunt in other areas than males and consume lighter prey when pregnant. J Mammal 2023; 104:1191-1204. [PMID: 38059006 PMCID: PMC10697422 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals with large energy requirements are forced to optimize their hunting strategy, which may result in differentiation of the diet between sexes and across seasons. Here, we examined spatiotemporal variation in the diet of both sexes of the Pond Bat Myotis dasycneme, a species known to have spatial segregation of sexes when the young are born and lactating. Fecal pellets were collected from live animals for a period of 15 years at various locations in the Netherlands. A total of 535 pellets were successfully analyzed by microscopy and an additional 160 pellets by DNA metabarcoding. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that the diet of pregnant and lactating pond bats differed significantly from the diet of females with no reproductive investment. Further analyses of the data showed that pregnant female pond bats are highly dependent on small prey and pupae, mainly nonbiting midges and mosquitoes (Diptera: Chironomidae and Culicidae). These insects can be found in large quantities in peatlands intersected with shallow waterways, the habitat type in which female pond bats were observed more often than males. Our results suggest that during pregnancy the spatial segregation of sexes coincides with sex-specific diets, which might reflect habitat selection based on energy requirements, in addition to lowered intraspecific competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Jifke Haarsma
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Department of Animal Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elza Duijm
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien van der Graaf
- Bat Research Consultancy Vroegvlieger, Ellekomstraat 70, 2573 XG Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Youri Lammers
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Milan Sharma
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
- HZ University of Applied Sciences, Life Sciences cluster, Edisonweg 4, 4382 NW Vlissingen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Gravendeel
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mes W, Lücker S, Jetten MSM, Siepel H, Gorissen M, van Kessel MAHJ. Comparison of the gill and gut microbiomes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their RAS environment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165212. [PMID: 37391154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are increasingly being used to grow fish, as intensive water reuse reduces water consumption and environmental impact. RAS use biofilters containing nitrogen-cycling microorganisms that remove ammonia from the aquaculture water. Knowledge of how RAS microbial communities relate to the fish-associated microbiome is limited, as is knowledge of fish-associated microbiota in general. Recently, nitrogen-cycling bacteria have been discovered in zebrafish and carp gills and shown to detoxify ammonia in a manner similar to the RAS biofilter. Here, we compared RAS water and biofilter microbiomes with fish-associated gut and gill microbial communities in laboratory RAS housing either zebrafish (Danio rerio) or common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The phylogeny of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the gills and the RAS environment was investigated in more detail by phylogenetic analysis of the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA). The location from which the microbiome was sampled (RAS compartments and gills or gut) had a stronger effect on community composition than the fish species, but species-specific differences were also observed. We found that carp- and zebrafish-associated microbiomes were highly distinct from their respective RAS microbiomes, characterized by lower overall diversity and a small core microbiome consisting of taxa specifically adapted to the respective organ. The gill microbiome was also defined by a high proportion of unique taxa. Finally, we found that amoA sequences from the gills were distinct from those from the RAS biofilter and water. Our results showed that the gut and gill microbiomes of carp and zebrafish share a common and species-specific core microbiome that is distinct from the microbially-rich RAS environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Mes
- Cluster Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Cluster Ecology & Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Cluster Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Cluster Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Cluster Ecology & Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix Gorissen
- Cluster Ecology & Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje A H J van Kessel
- Cluster Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vogels JJ, Van de Waal DB, WallisDeVries MF, Van den Burg AB, Nijssen M, Bobbink R, Berg MP, Olde Venterink H, Siepel H. Towards a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of nitrogen deposition on producer-consumer interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1712-1731. [PMID: 37265074 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased substantially since the second half of the 20th century due to human activities. This increase of reactive N into the biosphere has major implications for ecosystem functioning, including primary production, soil and water chemistry and producer community structure and diversity. Increased N deposition is also linked to the decline of insects observed over recent decades. However, we currently lack a mechanistic understanding of the effects of high N deposition on individual fitness, species richness and community structure of both invertebrate and vertebrate consumers. Here, we review the effects of N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, focusing on five existing ecological frameworks: C:N:P ecological stoichiometry, trace element ecological stoichiometry, nutritional geometry, essential micronutrients and allelochemicals. We link reported N deposition-mediated changes in producer quality to life-history strategies and traits of consumers, to gain a mechanistic understanding of the direction of response in consumers. We conclude that high N deposition influences producer quality via eutrophication and acidification pathways. This makes oligotrophic poorly buffered ecosystems most vulnerable to significant changes in producer quality. Changes in producer quality between the reviewed frameworks are often interlinked, complicating predictions of the effects of high N deposition on producer quality. The degree and direction of fitness responses of consumers to changes in producer quality varies among species but can be explained by differences in life-history traits and strategies, particularly those affecting species nutrient intake regulation, mobility, relative growth rate, host-plant specialisation, ontogeny and physiology. To increase our understanding of the effects of N deposition on these complex mechanisms, the inclusion of life-history traits of consumer species in future study designs is pivotal. Based on the reviewed literature, we formulate five hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying the effects of high N deposition on consumers, by linking effects of nutritional ecological frameworks to life-history strategies. Importantly, we expect that N-deposition-mediated changes in producer quality will result in a net decrease in consumer community as well as functional diversity. Moreover, we anticipate an increased risk of outbreak events of a small subset of generalist species, with concomitant declines in a multitude of specialist species. Overall, linking ecological frameworks with consumer life-history strategies provides a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of high N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, which can inform management towards more effective mitigation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost J Vogels
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F WallisDeVries
- De Vlinderstichting / Dutch Butterfly Conservation, P.O. Box 6700 AM, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marijn Nijssen
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Bobbink
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Berg
- A-LIFE, Section Ecology & Evolution, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GELIFES, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mes W, Kersten P, Maas RM, Eding EH, Jetten MSM, Siepel H, Lücker S, Gorissen M, Van Kessel MAHJ. Effects of demand-feeding and dietary protein level on nitrogen metabolism and symbiont dinitrogen gas production of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio, L.). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1111404. [PMID: 36824463 PMCID: PMC9941540 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia accumulation is a major challenge in intensive aquaculture, where fish are fed protein-rich diets in large rations, resulting in increased ammonia production when amino acids are metabolized as energy source. Ammonia is primarily excreted via the gills, which have been found to harbor nitrogen-cycle bacteria that convert ammonia into dinitrogen gas (N2) and therefore present a potential in situ detoxifying mechanism. Here, we determined the impact of feeding strategies (demand-feeding and batch-feeding) with two dietary protein levels on growth, nitrogen excretion, and nitrogen metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) in a 3-week feeding experiment. Demand-fed fish exhibited significantly higher growth rates, though with lower feed efficiency. When corrected for feed intake, nitrogen excretion was not impacted by feeding strategy or dietary protein, but demand-fed fish had significantly more nitrogen unaccounted for in the nitrogen balance and less retained nitrogen. N2 production of individual fish was measured in all experimental groups, and production rates were in the same order of magnitude as the amount of nitrogen unaccounted for, thus potentially explaining the missing nitrogen in the balance. N2 production by carp was also observed when groups of fish were kept in metabolic chambers. Demand feeding furthermore caused a significant increase in hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase activities, indicating elevated ammonia production. However, branchial ammonia transporter expression levels in these animals were stable or decreased. Together, our results suggest that feeding strategy impacts fish growth and nitrogen metabolism, and that conversion of ammonia to N2 by nitrogen cycle bacteria in the gills may explain the unaccounted nitrogen in the balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Mes
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Kersten
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roel M Maas
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ep H Eding
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marnix Gorissen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maartje A H J Van Kessel
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vogels JJ, Verberk WCEP, Kuper JT, Weijters MJ, Bobbink R, Siepel H. How to Restore Invertebrate Diversity of Degraded Heathlands? A Case Study on the Reproductive Performance of the Field Cricket Gryllus campestris (L.). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.659363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNitrogen (NOx, NHy) and acidifying (NOx, NHy, SOx) deposition has reduced the biodiversity of European dry heathlands. Restoration efforts such as sod-cutting (removal of vegetation, litter and humus layer) often shifted these systems from N to P limitation and have had limited success in restoring the invertebrate community. Possible reasons for this include the unresolved acidification and a change in food plant stoichiometry. Here, we investigate how liming and P addition change food nutritional quality and their consequences for invertebrate performance.MethodsWe performed feeding experiments with field crickets (Gryllus campestris), using plant material collected from a full factorial field experiment with liming and P addition. We related female reproduction as measure of individual fitness to elemental ratios of plants fed to the crickets.ResultsP addition stimulated cricket daily reproduction and shortened their reproductive period, resulting in no difference in total reproduction. Liming greatly reduced both daily and total reproduction and resulted in more females cannibalizing on their male mates. Females that did so could partly offset the liming induced reduction in reproduction, suggesting dietary deficiency. P-addition improved food quality (lower N:P ratios) while liming led to skewed Mn:Mg and Fe:Mg ratios that compare unfavorably to ratios found in terrestrial invertebrates.ConclusionIncreased plant N:P ratio following sod-cutting constrains the reproductive potential in Gryllus campestris in a non-linear way. Liming reduced nutritional quality, likely by inducing deficiencies in Fe or Mn.Management ImplicationsHigh-impact restoration management practices such as sod cutting and liming cause new problems for invertebrates rooted in ecological stoichiometry. Since P-addition only partially offsets these negative effects, we instead advocate the use of less intensive N removal management and weaker buffering agents to reduce soil acidification. Furthermore, a reduction in N emission is paramount as it will remove the need for disruptive interventions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Verberk WC, Atkinson D, Hoefnagel KN, Hirst AG, Horne CR, Siepel H. Shrinking body sizes in response to warming: explanations for the temperature-size rule with special emphasis on the role of oxygen. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:247-268. [PMID: 32959989 PMCID: PMC7821163 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Body size is central to ecology at levels ranging from organismal fecundity to the functioning of communities and ecosystems. Understanding temperature-induced variations in body size is therefore of fundamental and applied interest, yet thermal responses of body size remain poorly understood. Temperature-size (T-S) responses tend to be negative (e.g. smaller body size at maturity when reared under warmer conditions), which has been termed the temperature-size rule (TSR). Explanations emphasize either physiological mechanisms (e.g. limitation of oxygen or other resources and temperature-dependent resource allocation) or the adaptive value of either a large body size (e.g. to increase fecundity) or a short development time (e.g. in response to increased mortality in warm conditions). Oxygen limitation could act as a proximate factor, but we suggest it more likely constitutes a selective pressure to reduce body size in the warm: risks of oxygen limitation will be reduced as a consequence of evolution eliminating genotypes more prone to oxygen limitation. Thus, T-S responses can be explained by the 'Ghost of Oxygen-limitation Past', whereby the resulting (evolved) T-S responses safeguard sufficient oxygen provisioning under warmer conditions, reflecting the balance between oxygen supply and demands experienced by ancestors. T-S responses vary considerably across species, but some of this variation is predictable. Body-size reductions with warming are stronger in aquatic taxa than in terrestrial taxa. We discuss whether larger aquatic taxa may especially face greater risks of oxygen limitation as they grow, which may be manifested at the cellular level, the level of the gills and the whole-organism level. In contrast to aquatic species, terrestrial ectotherms may be less prone to oxygen limitation and prioritize early maturity over large size, likely because overwintering is more challenging, with concomitant stronger end-of season time constraints. Mechanisms related to time constraints and oxygen limitation are not mutually exclusive explanations for the TSR. Rather, these and other mechanisms may operate in tandem. But their relative importance may vary depending on the ecology and physiology of the species in question, explaining not only the general tendency of negative T-S responses but also variation in T-S responses among animals differing in mode of respiration (e.g. water breathers versus air breathers), genome size, voltinism and thermally associated behaviour (e.g. heliotherms).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilco C.E.P. Verberk
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - David Atkinson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and BehaviourUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZBU.K.
| | - K. Natan Hoefnagel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ocean Ecosystems — Energy and Sustainability Research Institute GroningenUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew G. Hirst
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 3GPU.K.
- Centre for Ocean Life, DTU AquaTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Curtis R. Horne
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 3GPU.K.
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dalessi D, Bolle H, Jongejans E, Sørensen P, Siepel H. Reproduction probabilities and size distributions of the smooth snake Coronella austriaca in the Netherlands and Norway. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Whether females participate in reproduction every year or rather skip years is pivotal information for understanding the dynamics of animal populations. In ectotherms this reproduction frequency might depend on factors like temperature, individual size, and prey availability. Here we studied the reproduction rate of the smooth snake Coronella austriaca at two latitudes: in Norway and The Netherlands. Reproductive and morphological data were collected in Norway (34 years) and The Netherlands (5 years). To account for differential resighting probabilities of pregnant and non-pregnant females, we performed multi-state mark-recapture analyses. Reproductive rate, quantified as the probability of participating in reproduction in consecutive years, was calculated for both pregnant and non-pregnant females. The results showed a clear difference in reproductive rate between the two latitudes, with only 15% of pregnant females reproducing again in the following year in Norway versus 93% in The Netherlands. Furthermore, in Norway females grew larger and started reproduction at a higher age. Litter size and juvenile total length and body mass were also significantly higher in Norwegian smooth snakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domin Dalessi
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Bolle
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk Siepel
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wenting E, Siepel H, Jansen PA. Stoichiometric variation within and between a terrestrial herbivorous and a semi-aquatic carnivorous mammal. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126622. [PMID: 32693327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elemental composition of the mammalian body is widely believed to be more or less constant within and among species, yet reliable comparisons of elemental content are lacking. Here, we examine the elemental composition of two mammal species with different diet and provenance: terrestrial herbivorous Fallow deer (Dama dama) - collected from a single area - and semi-aquatic carnivorous Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) - collected from different areas. METHODS We compared twelve elemental contents for twelve different body tissues and organs, for four tissue samples per species. Homogeneous samples were tested for twelve elemental contents using ICP-OES. RESULTS We found evidence for differences in elemental composition between species, between tissues, and between individuals. Herbivorous Fallow deer seemed more variable in its elemental composition compared to carnivorous Eurasian otter. The absolute concentration of some elements, e.g. Mn and Cu, showed differences between the species as well. CONCLUSION Since we found stoichiometric variation among the species, these findings question the widely held assumption that mammals are under relative tight stoichiometrically homeostatic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Wenting
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environmental Sciences, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Dept. Animal Ecology and Physiology, Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk Siepel
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environmental Sciences, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Dept. Animal Ecology and Physiology, Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environmental Sciences, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van Oosten HH, van den Burg AB, Arlt D, Both C, van den Brink NW, Chiu S, Crump D, Jeppsson T, de Kroon H, Traag W, Siepel H. Hatching failure and accumulation of organic pollutants through the terrestrial food web of a declining songbird in Western Europe. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:1547-1553. [PMID: 30308840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Population growth in passerine birds is largely driven by fecundity. If fecundity is affected, for instance by hatching failure, populations may decline. We noted high hatching failure of up to 27% per year in relict populations of the Northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) in The Netherlands, a strongly declining, migratory passerine in Europe. This hatching failure itself can cause population decline, irrespective of other adverse factors. Additionally, we investigated the cause of hatching failure. Unhatched eggs showed egg yolk infections or embryonic malformations, part of which is associated with the actions of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). Indeed, DLCs appear to bioaccumulate in the local foodweb, where the soil contained only background concentrations, similar to those found at many other locations. DLC concentrations in Dutch eggs were six-fold higher than those in a reference population in Sweden, where egg failure was only 6%. However, Northern wheatears appear to be only moderately sensitive to the actions of DLCs, because of their specific Ah-receptor type which may moderate the receptor mediated effects of DLCs. This indicates that the concentrations of DLCs, although elevated, may not have caused the embryo malformations or the low hatching rates. We discuss whether other toxins may be important or imbalances in the nutrition and if inbreeding may play a larger role than expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Herman van Oosten
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, Postbox 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Oenanthe Ecologie, Hollandseweg 42, 6706 KR Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Debora Arlt
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Box 7044, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christiaan Both
- Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Nico W van den Brink
- Department of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Postbox 8000, 6700 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Chiu
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Tobias Jeppsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Box 7044, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden; CEES, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Postbox 1066, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Traag
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hallmann CA, Sorg M, Jongejans E, Siepel H, Hofland N, Schwan H, Stenmans W, Müller A, Sumser H, Hörren T, Goulson D, de Kroon H. More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185809. [PMID: 29045418 PMCID: PMC5646769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1012] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Global declines in insects have sparked wide interest among scientists, politicians, and the general public. Loss of insect diversity and abundance is expected to provoke cascading effects on food webs and to jeopardize ecosystem services. Our understanding of the extent and underlying causes of this decline is based on the abundance of single species or taxonomic groups only, rather than changes in insect biomass which is more relevant for ecological functioning. Here, we used a standardized protocol to measure total insect biomass using Malaise traps, deployed over 27 years in 63 nature protection areas in Germany (96 unique location-year combinations) to infer on the status and trend of local entomofauna. Our analysis estimates a seasonal decline of 76%, and mid-summer decline of 82% in flying insect biomass over the 27 years of study. We show that this decline is apparent regardless of habitat type, while changes in weather, land use, and habitat characteristics cannot explain this overall decline. This yet unrecognized loss of insect biomass must be taken into account in evaluating declines in abundance of species depending on insects as a food source, and ecosystem functioning in the European landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caspar A. Hallmann
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Sorg
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Hofland
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Schwan
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Werner Stenmans
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Hubert Sumser
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Hörren
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Dave Goulson
- University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Jifke Haarsma
- Radboud University Animal Ecology and Physiology department Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Endless Forms group Darwinweg 2 2333 CR Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Radboud University Animal Ecology and Physiology department Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Wageningen University Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation group Droevendaalsesteeg 3 6708 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Gravendeel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Endless Forms group Darwinweg 2 2333 CR Leiden The Netherlands
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden Life Sciences cluster Zernikedreef 11 2333 CK Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden University Institute Biology Leiden Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cormont A, Siepel H, Clement J, Melman T, WallisDeVries M, van Turnhout C, Sparrius L, Reemer M, Biesmeijer J, Berendse F, de Snoo G. Landscape complexity and farmland biodiversity: Evaluating the CAP target on natural elements. J Nat Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
van Noordwijk CGE, Verberk WCEP, Turin H, Heijerman T, Alders K, Dekoninck W, Hannig K, Regan E, McCormack S, Brown MJF, Remke E, Siepel H, Berg MP, Bonte D. Species–area relationships are modulated by trophic rank, habitat affinity, and dispersal ability. Ecology 2015; 96:518-31. [PMID: 26240873 DOI: 10.1890/14-0082.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Like most bat species, the pond bat (Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825)) lives in roosts more or less in the centre of their foraging habitat and are considered central-place foragers. Commuting routes, or flyways, between roosts and hunting areas have an essential ecological function for bats. We summarize the results of research performed on the commuting routes of pond bats between 2002 and 2009. We give, among others, a description on how bats disperse, how to recognize a commuting route, and details about the effort needed to make a complete survey of one commuting route. Furthermore, we make a relation between number of animals on the route and size of their respective roost. The results suggest pond bats are not completely reliant on waterways for reaching their foraging habitat; they use directional dispersal, following commuting routes over waterways in combination with shortcuts over land. These results provide information that can be used to better understand how bats use their commuting routes. Also, the knowledge can be applied to survey work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.-J. Haarsma
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H. Siepel
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
La Haye MJJ, Koelewijn HP, Siepel H, Verwimp N, Windig JJ. Genetic rescue and the increase of litter size in the recovery breeding program of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) in the Netherlands. Relatedness, inbreeding and heritability of litter size in a breeding program of an endangered rodent. Hereditas 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2012.02277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
19
|
Abstract
Bats have a high species diversity and show unique ecological traits. The distribution patterns of European bat species differ between species. In this paper we seek to explain which life history traits, or interrelations between traits, can best explain observed differences in the distribution patterns of bats. Traits are interrelated and sometimes involve trade-offs, implying that a change in one trait may have positive or negative consequences for other traits. We describe the main morphological, physiological and ecological adaptations of insectivorous European bat species. We make pair-wise relations between traits, indicating the interrelations between traits, in terms of possible trade-offs. We relate the consequences of these trade-offs to the distribution maps of the species, focusing on the traits relevant for southern and northern distribution limits. We found coarse patterns that might indicate the distribution of related species are a consequence of their physiological, morphological and ecological adaptations and the interrelations between these adaptations. Hence, we think life-history strategies can be used to explain differences in species distribution. The method presented in this paper might also be useful for other mammal groups with a high species diversity, such as Rodentia and Soricidae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Jifke Haarsma
- 1Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- 1Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- 2Animal Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Both C, Van Turnhout CAM, Bijlsma RG, Siepel H, Van Strien AJ, Foppen RPB. Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 277:1259-66. [PMID: 20018784 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One consequence of climate change is an increasing mismatch between timing of food requirements and food availability. Such a mismatch is primarily expected in avian long-distance migrants because of their complex annual cycle, and in habitats with a seasonal food peak. Here we show that insectivorous long-distance migrant species in The Netherlands declined strongly (1984-2004) in forests, a habitat characterized by a short spring food peak, but that they did not decline in less seasonal marshes. Also, within generalist long-distance migrant species, populations declined more strongly in forests than in marshes. Forest-inhabiting migrant species arriving latest in spring declined most sharply, probably because their mismatch with the peak in food supply is greatest. Residents and short-distance migrants had non-declining populations in both habitats, suggesting that habitat quality did not deteriorate. Habitat-related differences in trends were most probably caused by climate change because at a European scale, long-distance migrants in forests declined more severely in western Europe, where springs have become considerably warmer, when compared with northern Europe, where temperatures during spring arrival and breeding have increased less. Our results suggest that trophic mismatches may have become a major cause for population declines in long-distance migrants in highly seasonal habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan Both
- Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 Haren, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Verberk W, van Duinen G, Brock A, Leuven R, Siepel H, Verdonschot P, van der Velde G, Esselink H. Importance of landscape heterogeneity for the conservation of aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity in bog landscapes. J Nat Conserv 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
22
|
Siepel H. The Importance of Unpredictable and Short-Term Environmental Extremes for Biodiversity in Oribatid Mites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.2307/2999707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Zwart A, Siepel H, Heerspink W. A new method for the determination of carboxyhemoglobin in blood of newborns. Possible clinical implications of elevated levels. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1990; 203:253-9. [PMID: 2089619 DOI: 10.3109/00365519009087519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spectral differences between hemoglobin derivatives from adult-(HbA) and fetal-hemoglobin (HbF) make the accurate determination of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) troublesome in blood of newborns. Only the newest dedicated instruments for the determination of COHb take these differences into account. However, since there are virtually no spectral differences between both hemoglobins in the deoxygenated state, reduction of neonatal blood with sodium dithionite eliminates that spectrophotometric error. Based on this principle, an easy, fast and accurate method for the determination of COHb in minimal amounts of blood was developed; equally well suited for blood of newborns and adults. The instrument used with this new method is a general purpose centrifugal clinical chemistry analyzer (COBAS-FARA, Roche, Basle, Switzerland). After the reduction of blood with sodium dithionite, a simple two component system (Hb and COHb) is formed, which can be spectrophotometrically quantitated by measuring at two suitable wavelengths, i.e., 579 nm and 534 nm. The COHb fraction is calculated with the help of: COHb % = 177.73.(A534/A579)-176.66. Comparison with the OSM3 Hemoximeter (Radiometer A/S, Denmark) for 145 adult blood samples with varying COHb levels (0-30%) yielded a mean difference in COHb % of about 0.06% (SD = 0.38). For fetal blood (N = 63) about the same difference was found when the OSM3 was used in the so-called fetal mode, while comparison with the regular adult mode yielded a difference of about 3.1%. This indicates that the new method is indeed not disturbed by the spectral differences between HbA and HbF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Zwart
- Clinical Chemical Laboratory, Scheper Hospital, Emmen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Heerspink W, Hafkenscheid JC, Siepel H, van der Ven-Jongekrÿg J, Dijt CC. Temperature-converting factors for enzymes: comparison of methods. Enzyme 1980; 25:333-41. [PMID: 6108854 DOI: 10.1159/000459276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-converting factors for six enzymes, which are determined very often in the clinical laboratory, are given. The determinations were carried out according to the recommendations of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry and of the Committee on Enzymes of the Dutch Society for Clinical Chemistry. These factors are described not only for human sera but also for some batches of commercial test sera and for the pure enzymes. There are two main conclusions. (1) Factors determined according to the German recommendations cannot be used in any simple way to convert enzymatic activities which have been determined according to the Dutch recommendations. (2) Factors determined using commercial test sera cannot be used for converting enzymatic activities of human origin.
Collapse
|