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Walker SE, Chant W, Thoonen S, Tuck KL, Turner DR. Stabilization of Lantern-Type Metal-Organic Cages (MOCs) by Protective Control of Ligand Exchange Rates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400072. [PMID: 38366309 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembling systems in nature display remarkable complexity with assemblies of different sub-units to generate functional species. Synthetic analogues of such systems are a challenge, often requiring the ability to bias distributions that are under thermodynamic assembly control. Using lantern-type MOCs (metal-organic cages) as a prototypical self-assembling system, herein we explore the role that steric bulk plays in controlling the exchange rate of ligands in paddlewheel-based assemblies, and thus the stability of cages, in competitive self-assembling scenarios. The effective lifetime of the lantern-type MOCs varies over an order of magnitude depending on the steric bulk proximal to the metal nodes with lifetimes of the cages ranging from tens of minutes to several hours. The bulk of the coordinating solvents likewise reduces the rate of ligand exchange, and thus yields longer-lived species. Understanding this subtle effect has implications for controlling the stability of complex assemblies in competitive environments with implications for guest release and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Walker
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - William Chant
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Shannon Thoonen
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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2
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Bispat AS, Cardoso FC, Hasan MM, Dongol Y, Wilcox R, Lewis RJ, Duggan PJ, Tuck KL. Inhibition of N-type calcium channels by phenoxyaniline and sulfonamide analogues. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:916-936. [PMID: 38516585 PMCID: PMC10953480 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00714f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Building on previous investigations, structural modifications to the neuronal calcium ion channel blocker MONIRO-1 and related compounds were conducted that included replacement of the amide linker with an aniline and isosteric sulfonamide moiety, and the previously used strategy of substitution of the guanidinium group with less hydrophilic amine functionalities. A comprehensive SAR study revealed a number of phenoxyaniline and sulfonamide compounds that were more potent or had similar potency for the CaV2.2 and CaV3.2 channel compared to MONIRO-1 when evaluated in a FLIPR-based intracellular calcium response assay. Cytotoxicity investigations indicated that the sulfonamide analogues were well tolerated by Cos-7 cells at dosages required to inhibit both calcium ion channels. The sulfonamide derivatives were the most promising CaV2.2 inhibitors developed by us to date due, possessing high stability in plasma, low toxicity (estimated therapeutic index > 10), favourable CNS MPO scores (4.0-4.4) and high potency and selectivity, thereby, making this class of compounds suitable candidates for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjie S Bispat
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Fernanda C Cardoso
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Md Mahadhi Hasan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Yashad Dongol
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Ricki Wilcox
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Peter J Duggan
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia
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3
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Dorrat JC, Taylor CGP, Young RJ, Solea AB, Turner DR, Dennison GH, Ward MD, Tuck KL. A Study on Auto-Catalysis and Product Inhibition: A Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Catalysed within the Cavity of an Octanuclear Coordination Cage. Chemistry 2024:e202400501. [PMID: 38433109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability of an octanuclear cubic coordination cage to catalyse a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction on a cavity-bound guest was studied with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) as the guest/substrate. It was found that DNFB undergoes a catalysed reaction with hydroxide ions within the cavity of the cubic cage (in aqueous buffer solution, pH 8.6). The rate enhancement of kcat/kuncat was determined to be 22, with cavity binding of the guest being required for catalysis to occur. The product, 2,4-dinitrophenolate (DNP), remained bound within the cavity due to electrostatic stabilisation and exerts two apparently contradictory effects: it initially auto-catalyses the reaction when present at low concentrations, but at higher concentrations inhibits catalysis when a pair of DNP guests block the cavity. When encapsulated, the UV/Vis absorption spectrum of DNP is red-shifted when compared to the spectrum of free DNP in aqueous solution. Further investigations using other aromatic guests determined that a similar red-shift on cavity binding also occurred for 4-nitrophenolate (4NP) at pH 8.6. The red-shift was used to determine the stoichiometry of guest binding of DNP and 4NP within the cage cavity, which was confirmed by structural analysis with X-ray crystallography; and was also used to perform catalytic kinetic studies in the solution-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Dorrat
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Rosemary J Young
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Atena B Solea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Genevieve H Dennison
- CBRN Defence, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
- Electro Optics Sensing and Electromagnetic Warfare, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, 5111, Australia
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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4
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Williams AP, Sokolova AV, Faber JM, Butler CSG, Starck P, Ainger NJ, Tuck KL, Dagastine RR, Tabor RF. Influence of Surfactant Structure on Polydisperse Formulations of Alkyl Ether Sulfates and Alkyl Amidopropyl Betaines. Langmuir 2024; 40:211-220. [PMID: 38154121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants provide detergency, foaming, and texture in personal care formulations, yet the micellization of typical industrial primary and cosurfactants is not well understood, particularly in light of the polydisperse nature of commercial surfactants. Synergistic interactions are hypothesized to drive the formation of elongated wormlike self-assemblies in these mixed surfactant systems. Small-angle neutron scattering, rheology, and pendant drop tensiometry are used to examine surface adsorption, viscoelasticity, and self-assembly structure for wormlike micellar formulations comprising cocoamidopropyl betaine, and its two major components laurylamidopropyl betaine and oleylamidopropyl betaine, with sodium alkyl ethoxy sulfates. The tail length of sodium alkyl ethoxy sulfates was related to their ability to form wormlike micelles in electrolyte solutions, indicating that a tail length greater than 10 carbons is required to form wormlike micelles in NaCl solutions, with the decyl homologue unable to form elongated micelles and maintaining a low viscosity even at 20 wt % surfactant loading with 4 wt % NaCl present. For these systems, the incorporation of a disperse ethoxylate linker does not enable shorter chain surfactants to elongate into wormlike micelles for single-component systems; however, it could increase the interactions between surfactants in mixed surfactant systems. For synergy in surfactant mixing, the nonideal regular solution theory is used to study the sulfate/betaine mixtures. Tail mismatch appears to drive lower critical micelle concentrations, although tail matching improves synergy with larger relative reductions in critical micelle concentrations and greater micelle elongation, as seen by both tensiometric and scattering measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna V Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Faber
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Calum S G Butler
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Pierre Starck
- Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, U.K
| | - Nick J Ainger
- Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, U.K
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Raymond R Dagastine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
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5
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Butler CSG, Kelleppan-Meaney VT, Williams AP, Giles LW, Vidallon MLP, Sokolova A, de Campo L, Tuck KL, Tabor RF. Influence of tail group length, amide functionality and added salt ion identity on the behaviour of betaine surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:338-350. [PMID: 37717434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypothesis The behaviour of surfactants in solution and at interfaces is governed by a combination of steric and electrostatic effects experienced by surfactant molecules as they interact with solvent, other species in solution, and each other. It would therefore be anticipated that highly interacting groups would significantly influence surfactant behaviour. The widely used amide functionality has polar H-bond donor/acceptor properties, and therefore its inclusion into a surfactant structure should have a profound effect on surface activity and self-assembly of that surfactant when compared to the equivalent molecule without an amide linker. Further, chaotropic or kosmotropic salt ions that affect water structuring and hydrogen bonding may provide opportunities for further tuning surfactant interactions in such cases. Experiments A library of betaine surfactant with tail lengths n=14-22 both with and without an amidopropyl linker were synthesised to study the effect of the amide functionality on surfactant properties. Characterisation of the molecules interfacial properties were performed using pendant drop tensiometry and their solution state formulation properties were probed using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and rheological measurements. Findings Presence of an amidopropyl linker had little effect on aggregation propensity (as evidenced by critical micelle concentration) and aggregate morphology of betaine surfactants, but did increase the Krafft temperature of these surfactants. SANS analysis indicated that aggregate morphology of alkyl betaine surfactants could be influenced by the addition of sodium salts with chaotropic counterions (I- and SCN-), but they were insensitive to more kosmotropic anions (SO42-, F- and Cl-), providing unique and novel solution control methods for this (supposedly salt-insensitive) class of surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum S G Butler
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Ashley P Williams
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Luke W Giles
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Anna Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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6
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Mini P, Walker SE, Grace MR, Dennison GH, Tuck KL. Detection of aqueous and gaseous hydrogen sulfide with lanthanide-macrocycle binary complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12235-12243. [PMID: 37589049 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Two novel, discrete lanthanide-macrocycle binary complexes for the detection of hydrogen sulfide are reported. The hydrogen sulfide sensing mechanism utilises the copper sequestration at a secondary binding site, with resulting bimetallic lanthanide(III)/copper(II) complexes (Ln = Eu3+ and Tb3+) exhibiting high selectivity, good sensitivity and excellent reversibility for aqueous hydrogen sulfide. The inclusion of the DO2A macrocycle and 4-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,3-triazole dipicolinic acid ligand, results in a complex with good solubility and stability. The europium(III) complex also displayed a low limit of detection (665 ppb) with a response time of 30 seconds with gaseous hydrogen sulfide. The improved water solubility and stability over a previous complex results in these sensors having the potential for use in environmental monitoring and biological studies for various functional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Mini
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Samuel E Walker
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Michael R Grace
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Genevieve H Dennison
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia.
- Electro Optical Systems Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, 5111, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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7
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Dorrat JC, Young RJ, Taylor CGP, Tipping MB, Blok AJ, Turner DR, McKay AI, Ovenden S, Ward MD, Dennison GH, Tuck KL. The preservation of sarin and O, O'-diisopropyl fluorophosphate inside coordination cage hosts. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11802-11814. [PMID: 37272072 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01378b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The host-guest chemistry of O,O'-diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a phosphonofluoridate G-series chemical warfare agent simulant, was investigated in the presence of a number of octanuclear cubic coordination cage hosts. The aim was to demonstrate cage-catalysed hydrolysis of DFP at near neutral pH: however, two octanuclear coordination cages, HPEG (containing water-solubilising PEG groups) and HW (containing water-solubilising hydroxymethyl groups), were actually found to increase the lifetime of DFP in aqueous buffer solution (pH 8.7). Crystallographic analysis of DFP with a structurally related host cage revealed that DFP binds to windows in the cage surface, not in the internal cavity. The phosphorus-fluorine bond is directed into the cavity rather than towards the external environment, with the cage/DFP association protecting DFP from hydrolysis. Initial studies with the chemical warfare agent (CWA) sarin (GB) with HPEG cage in a buffered solution also showed a drastically reduced rate of hydrolysis for sarin when bound in the host cage. The ability of these cages to inhibit hydrolysis of these P-F bond containing organophosphorus guests, by encapsulation, may have applications in forensic sample preservation and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Dorrat
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Rosemary J Young
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Max B Tipping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Andrew J Blok
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Alasdair I McKay
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Simon Ovenden
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Genevieve H Dennison
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
- Weapon Seekers and Tactical Sensors Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, 5111, Australia.
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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8
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Butler CSG, Giles LW, Sokolova AV, de Campo L, Tabor RF, Tuck KL. Structure-Performance Relationships for Tail Substituted Zwitterionic Betaine-Azobenzene Surfactants. Langmuir 2022; 38:7522-7534. [PMID: 35678153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene-containing surfactants (azo-surfactants) have garnered significant attention for their use in generating photoresponsive foams, interfaces, and colloidal systems. The photoresponsive behavior of azo-surfactants is driven by the conformational and electronic changes that occur when the azobenzene chromophore undergoes light-induced trans ⇌ cis isomerization. Effective design of surfactants and targeting of their properties requires a robust understanding of how the azobenzene functionality interacts with surfactant structure and influences overall surfactant behavior. Herein, a library of tail substituted azo-surfactants were synthesized and studied to better understand how surfactant structure can be tailored to exploit the azobenzene photoswitch. This work shows that tail group structure (length and branching) has a profound influence on the critical micelle concentration of azo-surfactants and their properties once adsorbed to an air-water interface. Neutron scattering studies revealed the unique role that intermolecular π-π azobenzene interactions have on the self-assembly of azo-surfactants, and how the influence of these interactions can be tuned using tail group structure to target specific aqueous aggregate morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum S G Butler
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Luke W Giles
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anna V Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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9
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Cardoso FC, Schmit M, Kuiper MJ, Lewis RJ, Tuck KL, Duggan PJ. Inhibition of N-type calcium ion channels by tricyclic antidepressants - experimental and theoretical justification for their use for neuropathic pain. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:183-195. [PMID: 35308021 PMCID: PMC8864487 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are commonly prescribed off-label for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The blockade of neuronal calcium ion channels is often invoked to partially explain the analgesic activity of TCAs, but there has been very limited experimental or theoretical evidence reported to support this assertion. The N-type calcium ion channel (CaV2.2) is a well-established target for the treatment of neuropathic pain and in this study a series of eleven TCAs and two closely related drugs were shown to be moderately effective inhibitors of this channel when endogenously expressed in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. A homology model of the channel, which matches closely a recently reported Cryo-EM structure, was used to investigate via docking and molecular dynamics experiments the possible mode of inhibition of CaV2.2 channels by TCAs. Two closely related binding modes, that occur in the channel cavity that exists between the selectivity filter and the internal gate, were identified. The TCAs are predicted to position themselves such that their ammonium side chains interfere with the selectivity filter, with some, such as amitriptyline, also appearing to hinder the channel's ability to open. This study provides the most comprehensive evidence to date that supports the notion that the blockade of neuronal calcium ion channels by TCAs is at least partially responsible for their analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Cardoso
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Matthieu Schmit
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing Research Way Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | | | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Peter J Duggan
- CSIRO Manufacturing Research Way Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
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10
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Dervisevic E, Voelcker NH, Risbridger G, Tuck KL, Cadarso VJ. Colorimetric Detection of Extracellular Hydrogen Peroxide Using an Integrated Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1726-1732. [PMID: 35014786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a signaling molecule essential for vital physiological reactions in mammalian cells, such as cell survival, intercellular communication, and cancer metabolism. However, to fully understand the function of H2O2, it is critical to monitor its intracellular and/or extracellular concentrations. Current techniques implemented to address this need require large sample volumes, expensive instrumentation, and long sample preparation and analysis times, inapplicable to inline or online monitoring. In this paper, a new integrated microfluidic device capable of overcoming these limitations is demonstrated for the colorimetric detection of extracellular hydrogen peroxide H2O2. The device contains an optical waveguide to determine absorbance changes and micromixers to enable complete mixing of reagents using a passive approach. This novel H2O2-sensing device has allowed the detection of H2O2 in the range of 0.5-60 μM with a detection limit of 167 ± 5.8 nM and a sensitivity of 13.5 ± 0.1 AU/mM. Proof of concept of the device was demonstrated by quantifying H2O2 release from benign prostatic epithelial (BPH-1) cells upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Results show that this integrated device can be potentially utilized to continuously monitor cell-released metabolites autonomously without constant human supervision during the process. Furthermore, this can be achieved without interfering with the cell culture conditions, as only a very small volume of conditioned media (less than 0.4 μL), and not the cells, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building, 20 Research Way, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node - Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Gail Risbridger
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building, 20 Research Way, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node - Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance─Sustainable Solutions, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800 Australia
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11
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Walker SE, Boer SA, Malcomson T, Paterson MJ, Tuck KL, Turner DR. Steric control of sorting regimes in self-assembled cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12456-12459. [PMID: 34755718 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Control of self-sorting regimes is achieved through adjustment of steric interactions in self-assembled coordination cages. The self-assembly regime of dynamic mixtures of heteroleptic cages is followed by HPLC to show that statistical or biased distributions can be selectively obtained, including isolation of a single heteroleptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Walker
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Stephanie A Boer
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Thomas Malcomson
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester University, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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12
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Ludden MD, Taylor CGP, Tipping MB, Train JS, Williams NH, Dorrat JC, Tuck KL, Ward MD. Interaction of anions with the surface of a coordination cage in aqueous solution probed by their effect on a cage-catalysed Kemp elimination. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14781-14791. [PMID: 34820094 PMCID: PMC8597839 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04887b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An octanuclear M8L12 coordination cage catalyses the Kemp elimination reaction of 5-nitro-1,2-benzisoxazole (NBI) with hydroxide to give 2-cyano-4-nitrophenolate (CNP) as the product. In contrast to the previously-reported very efficient catalysis of the Kemp elimination reaction of unsubstituted benzisoxazole, which involves the substrate binding inside the cage cavity, the catalysed reaction of NBI with hydroxide is slower and occurs at the external surface of the cage, even though NBI can bind inside the cage cavity. The rate of the catalysed reaction is sensitive to the presence of added anions, which bind to the 16+ cage surface, displacing the hydroxide ions from around the cage which are essential reaction partners in the Kemp elimination. Thus we can observe different binding affinities of anions to the surface of the cationic cage in aqueous solution by the extent to which they displace hydroxide and thereby inhibit the catalysed Kemp elimination and slow down the appearance of CNP. For anions with a -1 charge the observed affinity order for binding to the cage surface is consistent with their ease of desolvation and their ordering in the Hofmeister series. With anions that are significantly basic (fluoride, hydrogen carbonate, carboxylates) the accumulation of the anion around the cage surface accelerates the Kemp elimination compared to the background reaction with hydroxide, which we ascribe to the ability of these anions to participate directly in the Kemp elimination. This work provides valuable mechanistic insights into the role of the cage in co-locating the substrate and the anionic reaction partners in a cage-catalysed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Ludden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Max B Tipping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jennifer S Train
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | | | - Jack C Dorrat
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Melbourne VIC3800 Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Melbourne VIC3800 Australia
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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13
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Kurniawan YD, Tuck KL, Castillón S, Robinson AJ. Toward the stereoselective synthesis of zaragozic acid framework: A desilylation-aldol reaction approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Butler CSG, King JP, Giles LW, Marlow JB, Vidallon MLP, Sokolova A, de Campo L, Tuck KL, Tabor RF. Design and synthesis of an azobenzene-betaine surfactant for photo-rheological fluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:669-680. [PMID: 33780770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Morphology of surfactant self-assemblies are governed by the intermolecular interactions and packing constraints of the constituent molecules. Therefore, rational design of surfactant structure should allow targeting of the specific self-assembly modes, such as wormlike micelles (WLMs). By inclusion of an appropriate photo-responsive functionality to a surfactant molecule, light-based control of formulation properties without the need for additives can be achieved. EXPERIMENTS A novel azobenzene-containing surfactant was synthesised with the intention of producing photo-responsive wormlike micelles. Aggregation of the molecule in its cis and trans isomers, and its concomitant flow properties, were characterised using UV-vis spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, and rheological measurements. Finally, the fluids capacity for mediating particle diffusion was assessed using dynamic light scattering. FINDINGS The trans isomer of the novel azo-surfactant was found to form a viscoelastic WLM network, which transitioned to inviscid ellipsoidal aggregates upon photo-switching to the cis isomer. This was accompanied by changes in zero-shear viscosity up to 16,000×. UV-vis spectroscopic and rheo-SANS analysis revealed π-π interactions of the trans azobenzene chromophore within the micelles, influencing aggregate structure and contributing to micellar rigidity. Particles dispersed in a 1 wt% surfactant solution showed a fivefold increase in apparent diffusion coefficient after UV-irradiation of the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum S G Butler
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Joshua P King
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Luke W Giles
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Joshua B Marlow
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Anna Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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15
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Cardoso FC, Marliac MA, Geoffroy C, Schmit M, Bispat A, Lewis RJ, Tuck KL, Duggan PJ. The neuronal calcium ion channel activity of constrained analogues of MONIRO-1. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Dervisevic E, Voelcker NH, Risbridger G, Tuck KL, Cadarso VJ. High-Aspect-Ratio SU-8-Based Optofluidic Device for Ammonia Detection in Cell Culture Media. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2523-2529. [PMID: 32666799 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of sensing technology has led to the development of multifunctional micro total analysis systems (μTAS) that benefit from microfluidic technology. Optical sensing is one of the most commonly used sensing approaches integrated into μTAS devices and features high sensitivity and low detection limits. Different materials have been used for the fabrication of μTAS devices, each having their advantages and disadvantages. Herein, a high-aspect-ratio optofluidic waveguide fabricated from SU-8 is presented for the first time. The suitable optical properties and chemical inertness of SU-8 provide a durable device made by a flexible and cost-efficient fabrication process. The optofluidic device was used for colorimetric ammonia (NH3) sensing with a dynamic range of 3-70 μM, a detection limit of 2.5 μM, a response time of 8 min, and close to 10 times better analytical performance compared to using a standard microplate reader. The μTAS device was capable of monitoring NH3 accumulating in the cell culture media of prostatic epithelial cell (BPH-1) culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- , The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node—Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Gail Risbridger
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J. Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- , The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node—Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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17
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Ullmann S, Hahn P, Mini P, Tuck KL, Kahnt A, Abel B, Gutierrez Suburu ME, Strassert CA, Kersting B. Mixed-ligand lanthanide complexes supported by ditopic bis(imino-methyl)-phenol/calix[4]arene macrocycles: synthesis, structures, and luminescence properties of [Ln 2(L 2)(MeOH) 2] (Ln = La, Eu, Tb, Yb). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11179-11191. [PMID: 32748924 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The lanthanide binding ability of a macrocyclic ligand H6L2 comprising two bis(iminomethyl)phenol and two calix[4]arene units has been studied. H6L2 is a ditopic ligand which provides dinuclear neutral complexes of composition [Ln2(L2)(MeOH)2] (Ln = La (1), Eu (2), Tb (3), and Yb (4)) in very good yield. X-ray crystal structure analyses for 2 and 3 show that (L2)6- accommodates two seven coordinated lanthanide ions in a distorted monocapped trigonal prismatic/octahedral coordination environment. UV-vis spectroscopic titrations performed with La3+, Eu3+, Tb3+ and Yb3+ ions in mixed MeOH/CH2Cl2 solution (I = 0.01 M NBu4PF6) reveal that a 2 : 1 (metal : ligand) stoichiometry is present in solution, with log K11 and K21 values ranging from 5.25 to 6.64. The ratio α = K11/K21 of the stepwise formation constants for the mononuclear (L2 + M = ML2, log K11) and the dinuclear complexes (ML2 + M = M2L2, log K21) was found to be invariably smaller than unity indicating that the binding of the first Ln3+ ion augments the binding of the second Ln3+ ion. The present complexes are less luminescent than other seven-coordinated Eu and Tb complexes, which can be traced to vibrational relaxation of excited EuIII and TbIII states by the coligated MeOH and H2O molecules and/or low-lying ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Ullmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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18
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Mini P, Springer MA, Grace MR, Dennison GH, Tuck KL. A highly efficient red-emitting luminescent paper-based chemosensor for hydrogen sulfide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5605-5608. [PMID: 32342971 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00745e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first discrete bimetallic europium(iii)/copper(ii) complex for the fast, sensitive and selective luminescent detection of both aqueous and gaseous hydrogen sulfide has been developed. The chemosensor displayed an impressive response time of 30 seconds and a low theoretical limit of detection (100 ppb) for gaseous hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Mini
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Michael R Grace
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Genevieve H Dennison
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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19
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Dervisevic E, Dervisevic M, Wang Y, Malaver‐Ortega LF, Cheng W, Tuck KL, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ. Highly Selective Nanostructured Electrochemical Sensor Utilizing Densely Packed Ultrathin Gold Nanowires Film. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building 20 Research Way Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Muamer Dervisevic
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMonash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Luis F. Malaver‐Ortega
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMonash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of ChemistryMonash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J. Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building 20 Research Way Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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20
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Majuran M, Armendariz-Vidales G, Carrara S, Haghighatbin MA, Spiccia L, Barnard PJ, Deacon GB, Hogan CF, Tuck KL. Near-Infrared Electrochemiluminescence from Bistridentate Ruthenium(II) Di(quinoline-8-yl)pyridine Complexes in Aqueous Media. Chempluschem 2020; 85:346-352. [PMID: 32027095 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, photophysics, electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of two dqp (dqp=2,6-di(quinoline-8-yl)pyridine) based ruthenium(II) complexes, bearing either a n-butyl ester (1) or the corresponding carboxylic acid functionality (2). The complexes were prepared from [Ru(dqp)(MeCN)3 ][PF6 ]2 by reaction with the dqp precursor using microwave irradiation. In both cases, photoluminescence spectra present strong 3 MLCT-based red/near-infrared (NIR) emissions centred at about 710 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yields were 6.1 % and 1.8 % for 1 and 2 respectively while the excited state lifetimes were 3.60 μs and 2.37 μs. Both complexes are ECL active, although ECL efficiency (ΦECL ) of 1 was substantially higher than 2, due to its more favourable electrochemical properties. Importantly, 1 also gave strong ECL in aqueous media, which is rare for near-infrared emitters. The results suggest the possibility of very interesting ECL sensing applications for this class of emitter in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgina Armendariz-Vidales
- Dept of Chemistry & Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Serena Carrara
- Dept of Chemistry & Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohammad A Haghighatbin
- Dept of Chemistry & Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter J Barnard
- Dept of Chemistry & Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Glen B Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Dept of Chemistry & Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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21
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Winnett MR, Mini P, Grace MR, Tuck KL. Time-Resolved Terbium-Based Probe for the Detection of Zinc(II) Ions: Investigation of the Formation of a Luminescent Ternary Complex. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:118-127. [PMID: 31453684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of their unique photochemical and photophysical properties, luminescent lanthanide-based complexes have long captivated chemists. In recent years, the number of reports of luminescent lanthanide complex-based probes for monitoring of biological and environmental processes has dramatically increased, namely, because of their selectivity for particular analytes, lower limits of detection, and the fact that they allow monitoring of analytes in real time. Lanthanide-based probes need to be paired with an appropriate antenna/sensitizer to allow maximum energy transfer, with the antenna typically covalently attached to the stable lanthanide chelate. We have recently investigated "dark" lanthanide-based probes where the sensitizer is not covalently linked to the lanthanide chelate. Herein we report the use of a luminescent lanthanide-based probe system for the detection of Zn2+ ions based on the formation of a ternary complex between a "dark" terbium complex, lumazine, and Zn2+. The terbium(III)-based probe incorporates a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-triacetic acid macrocyclic chelator covalently attached to a cyclen moiety, which is the Zn2+ ion binding group. In the presence of Zn2+ ions and lumazine (a strongly UV-absorbing sensitizer), a 1:1:1 ternary complex forms. The resulting complex is highly luminescent and selective for Zn2+ ions over other cations of environmental significance. Furthermore, with a limit of detection of 1.2 μM, this probe can detect the level of chronic zinc(II) concentrations denoted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Winnett
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Parvathy Mini
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Michael R Grace
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
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22
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Dervisevic E, Tuck KL, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ. Recent Progress in Lab-On-a-Chip Systems for the Monitoring of Metabolites for Mammalian and Microbial Cell Research. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E5027. [PMID: 31752167 PMCID: PMC6891382 DOI: 10.3390/s19225027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip sensing technologies have changed how cell biology research is conducted. This review summarises the progress in the lab-on-a-chip devices implemented for the detection of cellular metabolites. The review is divided into two subsections according to the methods used for the metabolite detection. Each section includes a table which summarises the relevant literature and also elaborates the advantages of, and the challenges faced with that particular method. The review continues with a section discussing the achievements attained due to using lab-on-a-chip devices within the specific context. Finally, a concluding section summarises what is to be resolved and discusses the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility-Victorian Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J. Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility-Victorian Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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23
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Yardeni EH, Bahrenberg T, Stein RA, Mishra S, Zomot E, Graham B, Tuck KL, Huber T, Bibi E, Mchaourab HS, Goldfarb D. Probing the solution structure of the E. coli multidrug transporter MdfA using DEER distance measurements with nitroxide and Gd(III) spin labels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12528. [PMID: 31467343 PMCID: PMC6715713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Methodological and technological advances in EPR spectroscopy have enabled novel insight into the structural and dynamic aspects of integral membrane proteins. In addition to an extensive toolkit of EPR methods, multiple spin labels have been developed and utilized, among them Gd(III)-chelates which offer high sensitivity at high magnetic fields. Here, we applied a dual labeling approach, employing nitroxide and Gd(III) spin labels, in conjunction with Q-band and W-band double electron-electron resonance (DEER) measurements to characterize the solution structure of the detergent-solubilized multidrug transporter MdfA from E. coli. Our results identify highly flexible regions of MdfA, which may play an important role in its functional dynamics. Comparison of distance distribution of spin label pairs on the periplasm with those calculated using inward- and outward-facing crystal structures of MdfA, show that in detergent micelles, the protein adopts a predominantly outward-facing conformation, although more closed than the crystal structure. The cytoplasmic pairs suggest a small preference to the outward-facing crystal structure, with a somewhat more open conformation than the crystal structure. Parallel DEER measurements with the two types of labels led to similar distance distributions, demonstrating the feasibility of using W-band spectroscopy with a Gd(III) label for investigation of the structural dynamics of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane H Yardeni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Thorsten Bahrenberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Richard A Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Smriti Mishra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elia Zomot
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Huber
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Eitan Bibi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Hassane S Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Daniella Goldfarb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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24
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Aulsebrook ML, Starck M, Grace MR, Graham B, Thordarson P, Pal R, Tuck KL. Interaction of Nucleotides with a Trinuclear Terbium(III)-Dizinc(II) Complex: Efficient Sensitization of Terbium Luminescence by Guanosine Monophosphate and Application to Real-Time Monitoring of Phosphodiesterase Activity. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:495-505. [PMID: 30561998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth study of the interaction of a trinuclear terbium(III)-dizinc(II) complex with an array of nucleotides differing in the type of nucleobase and number of phosphate groups, as well as cyclic versus acyclic variants, is presented. The study examined the nature of the interaction and the efficiency at which guanine was able to sensitize terbium(III) luminescence. Competitive binding and titration studies were performed to help establish the nature/mode of the interactions. These established that (1) interaction occurs by the coordination of phosphate groups to zinc(II) (in addition to uridine in the case of uridine monophosphate), (2) acyclic nucleotides bind more strongly than cyclic counterparts because of their higher negative charge, (3) guanine-containing nucleotides are able to sensitize terbium(III) luminescence with the efficiency of sensitization following the order guanosine monophosphate (GMP) > guanosine diphosphate > guanosine triphosphate because of the mode of binding, and (4) nucleoside monophosphates bind to a single zinc(II) ion, whereas di- and triphosphates appear to bind in a bridging mode between two host molecules. Furthermore, it has been shown that guanine is a sensitizer of terbium(III) luminescence. On the basis of the ability of GMP to effectively sensitize terbium(III)-based luminescence while cyclic GMP (cGMP) does not, the complex has been utilized to monitor the catalytic conversion of cGMP to GMP by a phosphodiesterase enzyme in real time using time-gated luminescence on a benchtop fluorimeter. The complex has the potential to find broad application in monitoring the activity of enzymes that process nucleotides (co)substrates, including high-throughput drug-screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthieu Starck
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , U.K
| | - Michael R Grace
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, the Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , U.K
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
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26
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Sairaman A, Cardoso FC, Bispat A, Lewis RJ, Duggan PJ, Tuck KL. Synthesis and evaluation of aminobenzothiazoles as blockers of N- and T-type calcium channels. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3046-3059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Aulsebrook ML, Watkins E, Grace MR, Graham B, Tuck KL. Modified Gold Nanoparticles for the Temperature-Dependent Colorimetric Detection of Mercury and Methylmercury. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ethan Watkins
- School of Chemistry; Monash University, Clayton; Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Michael R. Grace
- School of Chemistry; Monash University, Clayton; Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University, Parkville; Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry; Monash University, Clayton; Victoria 3800 Australia
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28
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Paquet-Côté PA, Tuck KL, Paradis JP, Graham B, Voyer N. Modulating the activity of membrane-active peptides through Zn(II) complexation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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McArthur JR, Motin L, Gleeson EC, Spiller S, Lewis RJ, Duggan PJ, Tuck KL, Adams DJ. Inhibition of human N- and T-type calcium channels by an ortho-phenoxyanilide derivative, MONIRO-1. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:2284-2295. [PMID: 28608537 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Voltage-gated calcium channels are involved in nociception in the CNS and in the periphery. N-type (Cav 2.2) and T-type (Cav 3.1, Cav 3.2 and Cav 3.3) voltage-gated calcium channels are particularly important in studying and treating pain and epilepsy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology was used to assess the potency and mechanism of action of a novel ortho-phenoxylanilide derivative, MONIRO-1, against a panel of voltage-gated calcium channels including Cav 1.2, Cav 1.3, Cav 2.1, Cav 2.2, Cav 2.3, Cav 3.1, Cav 3.2 and Cav 3.3. KEY RESULTS MONIRO-1 was 5- to 20-fold more potent at inhibiting human T-type calcium channels, hCav 3.1, hCav 3.2 and hCav 3.3 (IC50 : 3.3 ± 0.3, 1.7 ± 0.1 and 7.2 ± 0.3 μM, respectively) than N-type calcium channel, hCav 2.2 (IC50 : 34.0 ± 3.6 μM). It interacted with L-type calcium channels Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3 with significantly lower potency (IC50 > 100 μM) and did not inhibit hCav 2.1 or hCav 2.3 channels at concentrations as high as 100 μM. State- and use-dependent inhibition of hCav 2.2 channels was observed, whereas stronger inhibition occurred at high stimulation frequencies for hCav 3.1 channels suggesting a different mode of action between these two channels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Selectivity, potency, reversibility and multi-modal effects distinguish MONIRO-1 from other low MW inhibitors acting on Cav channels involved in pain and/or epilepsy pathways. High-frequency firing increased the affinity for MONIRO-1 for both hCav 2.2 and hCav 3.1 channels. Such Cav channel modulators have potential clinical use in the treatment of epilepsies, neuropathic pain and other nociceptive pathophysiologies. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R McArthur
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonid Motin
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellen C Gleeson
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandro Spiller
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter J Duggan
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, Australia.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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30
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Aulsebrook ML, Biswas S, Leaver FM, Grace MR, Graham B, Barrios AM, Tuck KL. A luminogenic lanthanide-based probe for the highly selective detection of nanomolar sulfide levels in aqueous samples. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4911-4914. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel bimetallic terbium(iii)/copper(ii) complex for the luminescent detection of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous samples is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suvendu Biswas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Utah College of Pharmacy
- Salt Lake City
- USA
| | | | | | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Amy M. Barrios
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Utah College of Pharmacy
- Salt Lake City
- USA
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31
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Stubenrauch C, Belousoff MJ, Hay ID, Shen HH, Lillington J, Tuck KL, Peters KM, Phan MD, Lo AW, Schembri MA, Strugnell RA, Waksman G, Lithgow T. Effective assembly of fimbriae in Escherichia coli depends on the translocation assembly module nanomachine. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16064. [DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Lim Z, Duggan PJ, Wan SS, Lessene G, Meyer AG, Tuck KL. Exploiting the Biginelli reaction: nitrogen-rich pyrimidine-based tercyclic α-helix mimetics. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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O'Malley WI, Abdelkader EH, Aulsebrook ML, Rubbiani R, Loh CT, Grace MR, Spiccia L, Gasser G, Otting G, Tuck KL, Graham B. Luminescent Alkyne-Bearing Terbium(III) Complexes and Their Application to Bioorthogonal Protein Labeling. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1674-82. [PMID: 26821062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new bifunctional macrocyclic chelate ligands that form luminescent terbium(III) complexes featuring an alkyne group for conjugation to (bio)molecules via the Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" reaction were synthesized. Upon ligation, the complexes exhibit a significant luminescent enhancement when excited at the λ(max) of the "clicked" products. To demonstrate the utility of the complexes for luminescent labeling, they were conjugated in vitro to E. coli aspartate/glutamate-binding protein incorporating a genetically encoded p-azido-L-phenylalanine or p-(azidomethyl)-L-phenylalanine residue. The complexes may prove useful for time-gated assay applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William I O'Malley
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elwy H Abdelkader
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University , Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Riccardo Rubbiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Choy-Theng Loh
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University , Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael R Grace
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gottfried Otting
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University , Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
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34
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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35
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Cameron DR, Jiang JH, Hassan KA, Elbourne LDH, Tuck KL, Paulsen IT, Peleg AY. Insights on virulence from the complete genome of Staphylococcus capitis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:980. [PMID: 26441910 PMCID: PMC4585213 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus capitis is an opportunistic pathogen of the coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS). Functional genomic studies of S. capitis have thus far been limited by a lack of available complete genome sequences. Here, we determined the closed S. capitis genome and methylome using Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing. The strain, AYP1020, harbors a single circular chromosome of 2.44 Mb encoding 2304 predicted proteins, which is the smallest of all complete staphylococcal genomes sequenced to date. AYP1020 harbors two large mobile genetic elements; a plasmid designated pAYP1020 (59.6 Kb) and a prophage, ΦAYP1020 (48.5 Kb). Methylome analysis identified significant adenine methylation across the genome involving two distinct methylation motifs (1972 putative 6-methyladenine (m6A) residues identified). Putative adenine methyltransferases were also identified. Comparative analysis of AYP1020 and the closely related CoNS, S. epidermidis RP62a, revealed a host of virulence factors that likely contribute to S. capitis pathogenicity, most notably genes important for biofilm formation and a suite of phenol soluble modulins (PSMs); the expression/production of these factors were corroborated by functional assays. The complete S. capitis genome will aid future studies on the evolution and pathogenesis of the coagulase negative staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Cameron
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jhih-Hang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karl A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liam D H Elbourne
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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36
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Moore JP, Vinh A, Tuck KL, Sakkal S, Krishnan SM, Chan CT, Lieu M, Samuel CS, Diep H, Kemp-Harper BK, Tare M, Ricardo SD, Guzik TJ, Sobey CG, Drummond GR. M2 macrophage accumulation in the aortic wall during angiotensin II infusion in mice is associated with fibrosis, elastin loss, and elevated blood pressure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H906-17. [PMID: 26071547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00821.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages accumulate in blood vessels during hypertension. However, their contribution to vessel remodeling is unknown. In the present study, we examined the polarization state of macrophages (M1/M2) in aortas of mice during hypertension and investigated whether antagonism of chemokine receptors involved in macrophage accumulation reduces vessel remodeling and blood pressure (BP). Mice treated with ANG II (0.7 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), 14 days) had elevated systolic BP (158 ± 3 mmHg) compared with saline-treated animals (122 ± 3 mmHg). Flow cytometry revealed that ANG II infusion increased numbers of CD45(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(hi) monocytes and CD45(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) macrophages by 10- and 2-fold, respectively. The majority of macrophages were positive for the M2 marker CD206 but negative for the M1 marker inducible nitric oxide synthase. Expression of other M2 genes (arginase-1, Fc receptor-like S scavenger receptor, and receptor-1) was elevated in aortas from ANG II-treated mice, whereas M1 genes [TNF and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2] were unaltered. A PCR array to identify chemokine receptor targets for intervention revealed chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) to be upregulated in aortas from ANG II-treated mice, while flow cytometry identified Ly6C(hi) monocytes as the main CCR2-expressing cell type. Intervention with a CCR2 antagonist (INCB3344; 30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), 7 days after the commencement of ANG II infusion, reduced aortic macrophage numbers. INCB334 also reduced aortic collagen deposition, elastin loss, and BP in ANG II-treated mice. Thus, ANG II-dependent hypertension in mice is associated with Ly6C(hi) monocyte and M2 macrophage accumulation in the aorta. Inhibition of macrophage accumulation with a CCR2 antagonist prevents ANG II-induced vessel fibrosis and elevated BP, highlighting this as a promising approach for the future treatment of vessel remodeling/stiffening in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shalini M Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher T Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maggie Lieu
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry Diep
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marianne Tare
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland; and
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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37
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Gleeson EC, Graham JE, Spiller S, Vetter I, Lewis RJ, Duggan PJ, Tuck KL. Inhibition of N-type calcium channels by fluorophenoxyanilide derivatives. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2030-45. [PMID: 25871286 PMCID: PMC4413198 DOI: 10.3390/md13042030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of fluorophenoxyanilides, designed to be simplified analogues of previously reported ω-conotoxin GVIA mimetics, were prepared and tested for N-type calcium channel inhibition in a SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma FLIPR assay. N-type or Cav2.2 channel is a validated target for the treatment of refractory chronic pain. Despite being significantly less complex than the originally designed mimetics, up to a seven-fold improvement in activity was observed.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/chemistry
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/metabolism
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology
- Anilides/chemical synthesis
- Anilides/chemistry
- Anilides/metabolism
- Anilides/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Calcium Channel Blockers/chemical synthesis
- Calcium Channel Blockers/chemistry
- Calcium Channel Blockers/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/chemistry
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Design
- Fluorobenzenes/chemical synthesis
- Fluorobenzenes/chemistry
- Fluorobenzenes/metabolism
- Fluorobenzenes/pharmacology
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Humans
- Molecular Structure
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neuralgia/drug therapy
- Neuralgia/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurotoxins/chemistry
- Pain, Intractable/drug therapy
- Pain, Intractable/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- omega-Conotoxin GVIA/chemistry
- omega-Conotoxin GVIA/metabolism
- omega-Conotoxin GVIA/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Gleeson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
| | - Janease E Graham
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
| | - Sandro Spiller
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Peter J Duggan
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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38
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Loh CT, Graham B, Abdelkader EH, Tuck KL, Otting G. Generation of pseudocontact shifts in proteins with lanthanides using small "clickable" nitrilotriacetic acid and iminodiacetic acid tags. Chemistry 2015; 21:5084-92. [PMID: 25676727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudocontact shifts (PCS) induced by paramagnetic lanthanide ions provide unique long-range structural information in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, but the site-specific attachment of lanthanide tags to proteins remains a challenge. Here we incorporated p-azido-phenylalanine (AzF) site-specifically into the proteins ubiquitin and GB1, and ligated the AzF residue with alkyne derivatives of small nitrilotriacetic acid and iminodiacetic acid tags using the Cu(I) -catalysed "click" reaction. These tags form lanthanide complexes with no or only a small net charge and produced sizeable PCSs with paramagnetic lanthanide ions in all mutants tested. The PCSs were readily fitted by single magnetic susceptibility anisotropy tensors. Protein precipitation during the click reaction was greatly alleviated by the presence of 150 mM NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choy-Theng Loh
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 (Australia)
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39
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Stinear TP, Holt KE, Chua K, Stepnell J, Tuck KL, Coombs G, Harrison PF, Seemann T, Howden BP. Adaptive change inferred from genomic population analysis of the ST93 epidemic clone of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 6:366-78. [PMID: 24482534 PMCID: PMC3942038 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has emerged as a major public health problem around the world. In Australia, ST93-IV[2B] is the dominant CA-MRSA clone and displays significantly greater virulence than other S. aureus. Here, we have examined the evolution of ST93 via genomic analysis of 12 MSSA and 44 MRSA ST93 isolates, collected from around Australia over a 17-year period. Comparative analysis revealed a core genome of 2.6 Mb, sharing greater than 99.7% nucleotide identity. The accessory genome was 0.45 Mb and comprised additional mobile DNA elements, harboring resistance to erythromycin, trimethoprim, and tetracycline. Phylogenetic inference revealed a molecular clock and suggested that a single clone of methicillin susceptible, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) positive, ST93 S. aureus likely spread from North Western Australia in the early 1970s, acquiring methicillin resistance at least twice in the mid 1990s. We also explored associations between genotype and important MRSA phenotypes including oxacillin MIC and production of exotoxins (α-hemolysin [Hla], δ-hemolysin [Hld], PSMα3, and PVL). High-level expression of Hla is a signature feature of ST93 and reduced expression in eight isolates was readily explained by mutations in the agr locus. However, subtle but significant decreases in Hld were also noted over time that coincided with decreasing oxacillin resistance and were independent of agr mutations. The evolution of ST93 S. aureus is thus associated with a reduction in both exotoxin expression and oxacillin MIC, suggesting MRSA ST93 isolates are under pressure for adaptive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Ong YC, Blair VL, Kedzierski L, Tuck KL, Andrews PC. Stability and toxicity of tris-tolyl bismuth(v) dicarboxylates and their biological activity towards Leishmania major. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:18215-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of tris-tolylbismuth(v) dicarboxylates, [Bi(Tol)3(O2CR)2], were synthesised, characterised and evaluated againstLeishmania majorparasites demonstrating good selectivity towards promastigotes but with more moderate success against amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih Ching Ong
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | | | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Walter and Eliza Institute of Medical Research
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Department of Medical Biology
- University of Melbourne
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41
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Drummond GR, Moore JP, Tuck KL, Sakkal S, Krishnan SM, Diep H, Kemp-Harper BK, Budzyn K, Ricardo SD, Guzik TJ, Samuel CS, Sobey CG. Abstract 455: M2 Macrophages Contribute to Vessel Fibrosis and Stiffening During Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.64.suppl_1.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arterial fibrosis and stiffening are hallmarks of hypertension and contribute to elevated systolic blood pressure (BP), heart failure and end organ damage. Hypertension is also associated with accumulation of macrophages in the vascular wall; however, the phenotype of these cells (M1/M2) and their contribution to vascular fibrosis/stiffening remain to be established. Chronic angiotensin II-infusion in mice (0.7 mg/kg/d, 28 d) caused a marked increase in systolic BP (169±6 mmHg vs 118±3 mmHg in saline-infused mice). Flow cytometric analysis of aortic cell suspensions revealed that angiotensin II infusion also caused a 2-fold increase in F4/80
+
macrophage numbers. Moreover, these cells were positive for the M2 marker, CD206. Quantitative PCR confirmed that aortic expression of CD206 and other M2 markers (arginase-1, Fc receptor-like S, scavenger receptor) were elevated in angiotensin II-infused mice, whereas levels of M1 markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase, CXCL2, tumour necrosis factor) were unchanged. Twice-weekly treatment of angiotensin II-infused mice with clodronate-encapsulated liposomes reduced numbers of circulating monocytes (i.e. macrophage precursors) by ~70%, whereas saline-containing liposomes had no effect. Clodronate treatment prevented M2 macrophage accumulation in the aorta, and also in the kidneys, and importantly reduced collagen deposition in these tissues. Clodronate treatment also improved arterial compliance and lowered BP by ~20 mmHg in angiotensin II-treated mice. In conclusion, M2 macrophages contribute to tissue fibrosis and aortic stiffening during angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice. Thus, strategies that limit macrophage accumulation in the vessel wall and/or prevent their polarization towards an M2 phenotype may hold promise as future therapies for hypertension.
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Aulsebrook ML, Graham B, Grace MR, Tuck KL. The synthesis of luminescent lanthanide-based chemosensors for the detection of zinc ions. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Chua KYL, Monk IR, Lin YH, Seemann T, Tuck KL, Porter JL, Stepnell J, Coombs GW, Davies JK, Stinear TP, Howden BP. Hyperexpression of α-hemolysin explains enhanced virulence of sequence type 93 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:31. [PMID: 24512075 PMCID: PMC3922988 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) ST93 clone is becoming dominant in Australia and is clinically highly virulent. In addition, sepsis and skin infection models demonstrate that ST93 CA-MRSA is the most virulent global clone of S. aureus tested to date. While the determinants of virulence have been studied in other clones of CA-MRSA, the basis for hypervirulence in ST93 CA-MRSA has not been defined. RESULTS Here, using a geographically and temporally dispersed collection of ST93 isolates we demonstrate that the ST93 population hyperexpresses key CA-MRSA exotoxins, in particular α-hemolysin, in comparison to other global clones. Gene deletion and complementation studies, and virulence comparisons in a murine skin infection model, showed unequivocally that increased expression of α-hemolysin is the key staphylococcal virulence determinant for this clone. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics of strains with divergent exotoxin profiles demonstrated that, like other S. aureus clones, the quorum sensing agr system is the master regulator of toxin expression and virulence in ST93 CA-MRSA. However, we also identified a previously uncharacterized AraC/XylS family regulator (AryK) that potentiates toxin expression and virulence in S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that hyperexpression of α-hemolysin mediates enhanced virulence in ST93 CA-MRSA, and additional control of exotoxin production, in particular α-hemolysin, mediated by regulatory systems other than agr have the potential to fine-tune virulence in CA-MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Leung AE, Rubbiani R, Gasser G, Tuck KL. Enantioselective total syntheses of the proposed structures of prevezol B and evaluation of anti-cancer activity. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8239-46. [PMID: 25199510 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of the proposed structures of the natural product prevezol B are reported. This work has shown that the proposed structures of prevezol B are incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Leung
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton, Australia
| | - Riccardo Rubbiani
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Lim Z, Duggan PJ, Meyer AG, Tuck KL. An iterative in silico and modular synthetic approach to aqueous soluble tercyclic α-helix mimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4432-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00647j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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46
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Miller RE, Tuck KL. The rare cyanogen proteacin, and dhurrin, from foliage of Polyscias australiana, a tropical Araliaceae. Phytochemistry 2013; 93:210-215. [PMID: 23566716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine-derived cyanogenic di-glucoside proteacin and related mono-glucoside dhurrin were identified as the cyanogens in foliage of the tropical tree species Polyscias australiana, present in the approximate ratio 9:1. To date cyanogenic glycosides have not been characterised from the Araliaceae or the Apiales. Concentrations of cyanogenic glycosides varied significantly between plant parts and with leaf age, with the highest concentrations in young emerging leaves (mean 2217.1 μg CN g(-1) dry wt), petioles (rachis; 1487.1 μg CN g(-1) dry wt) and floral buds (265.8 μg CN g(-1) dry wt). Between 2% and 10% of nitrogen in emerging leaves and petioles was present as cyanogenic glycosides. With the exception of floral buds, all tissues apparently lack a specific cyanogenic β-glucosidase to catalyse the first step in the breakdown of these cyanogenic glycosides. Only with the addition of emulsin, an exogenous non-specific β-glucosidase from almonds, were high concentrations of cyanogenic glycosides detected, as much as 20-fold greater than the low to negligible cyanogenic glycoside concentrations determined in the absence of exogenous enzyme. High concentrations of cyanogens in young tissues may confer protection, but may also be a nitrogen source during leaf expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Miller RE, Tuck KL. Reports on the distribution of aromatic cyanogenic glycosides in Australian tropical rainforest tree species of the Lauraceae and Sapindaceae. Phytochemistry 2013; 92:146-152. [PMID: 23642385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aromatic cyanogenic glycosides taxiphyllin [(R)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile β-D-glucoside] and prunasin [(R)-mandelonitrile β-D-glucoside] were identified as the main cyanogenic compounds in tissues of Australian endemic tropical rainforest tree taxa in the Lauraceae and Sapindaceae families, respectively. The tyrosine-derived taxiphyllin was the main cyanogenic glycoside in foliage of Beilschmiedia collina. This is the first reported cyanogenic compound from the Lauraceae. In addition, substantial quantitative variation in the capacity for cyanogenesis was detected in leaves from 40 individuals, with taxiphyllin concentrations ranging from 23 to 1263 μg CN g(-1) dry wt. No acyanogenic individuals were detected. Concentrations of taxiphyllin were, on average, 2.2-fold greater in young leaves than in old leaves. Prunasin was the dominant cyanogenic compound in tissues of Mischocarpus grandissimus (leaves) and Mischocarpus exangulatus (leaves and seed capsule). Better known for cyanolipids in seed oils, this is the first time a phenylalanine-derived cyanogenic glycoside has been reported in the Sapindaceae. The concentrations of prunasin varied widely, over an order of magnitude, among individuals and different tissue types in these species, with the higher concentrations found in seed capsules and young leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Porter JL, Tobias NJ, Pidot SJ, Falgner S, Tuck KL, Vettiger A, Hong H, Leadlay PF, Stinear TP. The cell wall-associated mycolactone polyketide synthases are necessary but not sufficient for mycolactone biosynthesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70520. [PMID: 23894666 PMCID: PMC3720922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolactones are polyketide-derived lipid virulence factors made by the slow-growing human pathogen, Mycobacterium ulcerans. Three unusually large and homologous plasmid-borne genes (mlsA1: 51 kb, mlsB: 42 kb and mlsA2: 7 kb) encode the mycolactone type I polyketide synthases (PKS). The extreme size and low sequence diversity of these genes has posed significant barriers for exploration of the genetic and biochemical basis of mycolactone synthesis. Here, we have developed a truncated, more tractable 3-module version of the 18-module mycolactone PKS and we show that this engineered PKS functions as expected in the natural host M. ulcerans to produce an additional polyketide; a triketide lactone (TKL). Cell fractionation experiments indicated that this 3-module PKS and the putative accessory enzymes encoded by mup045 and mup038 associated with the mycobacterial cell wall, a finding supported by confocal microscopy. We then assessed the capacity of the faster growing, Mycobacterium marinum to harbor and express the 3-module Mls PKS and accessory enzymes encoded by mup045 and mup038. RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and cell fractionation experiments confirmed that the truncated Mls PKS multienzymes were expressed and also partitioned with the cell wall material in M. marinum. However, this heterologous host failed to produce TKL. The systematic deconstruction of the mycolactone PKS presented here suggests that the Mls multienzymes are necessary but not sufficient for mycolactone synthesis and that synthesis is likely to occur (at least in part) within the mycobacterial cell wall. This research is also the first proof-of-principle demonstration of the potential of this enzyme complex to produce tailored small molecules through genetically engineered rearrangements of the Mls modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Porter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Tobias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sacha J. Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steffen Falgner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Vettiger
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F. Leadlay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Leung
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - Michael Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - Craig M. Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia
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Loh CT, Ozawa K, Tuck KL, Barlow N, Huber T, Otting G, Graham B. Lanthanide Tags for Site-Specific Ligation to an Unnatural Amino Acid and Generation of Pseudocontact Shifts in Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:260-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300631z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choy Theng Loh
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200,
Australia
| | - Kiyoshi Ozawa
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nicholas Barlow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville,
VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas Huber
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200,
Australia
| | - Gottfried Otting
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200,
Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville,
VIC 3052, Australia
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