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Baudouin R, Amelot A, Huynh-Charlier I, Lisan Q, Hans S, Charlier P. Three-dimensional reconstruction of King Henri IV's paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells. Clin Anat 2024. [PMID: 38634327 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The preserved head of King Henri IV of France (life 1553-1610, reign 1589-1610) has survived to the present day thanks to high-quality embalming and favorable conservation conditions. The aim of this study was to examine Henry IV's upper resonant cavities and mastoids using an original and innovative forensic three-dimensional segmentation method. METHODS The paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells of King Henri IV of France were studied by cross-referencing available biographical information with clinical and flexible endoscopic examination and computed tomography (CT-scan) imaging. The paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells were delineated and their volumes were assessed using ITK-SNAP 4.0 software (open-source). Graphical representations were created using Fusion 360® (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA) and MeshMixer® (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA). RESULTS Paranasal sinus tomodensitometry revealed abnormalities in shape and number. Henri IV of France suffered from sinus aplasia. Neither the left sphenoid nor left frontal sinus contrasted sharply, and a remarkable pneumatization of the right clinoid processes extended throughout the height of the right pterygoid process. The total volumes of Henri IV's mastoid air-cells were estimated at 27 and 26 mL, respectively, for the right and left sides, exceeding the normal mean and the maximum of modern subjects by a wide margin. No sign of chronic ear or sinus condition was found. CONCLUSIONS An innovative method has been developed in forensic medicine to establish hypotheses about the growth and respiratory conditions of the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Baudouin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ/Paris-Saclay University), Montigny Le Bretonneux, France
| | - Angélique Amelot
- Phonetics and Phonology Laboratory (UMR 7018 CNRS & Université Sorbonne nouvelle), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Huynh-Charlier
- Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ/Paris-Saclay University), Montigny Le Bretonneux, France
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Pitié-Salpétrière, AP-HP, boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Lisan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Stéphane Hans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- Phonetics and Phonology Laboratory (UMR 7018 CNRS & Université Sorbonne nouvelle), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Charlier
- Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ/Paris-Saclay University), Montigny Le Bretonneux, France
- Foundation Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (FAAB)-Institut de France, Palais de l'Institut, Paris, France
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Boscolo-Berto R. Challenges and future trends of forensic toxicology to keep a cut above the rest. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2024; 33:0-0. [PMID: 38515257 DOI: 10.17219/acem/185730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Forensic toxicology faces several challenges in research and daily practice, including new drugs and futuristic technologies requiring innovative testing methods and continuous education and training of professionals. One of the most pressing issues in recent years is the emergence of novel psychoactive substances, often created by modifying the chemical structure of existing drugs to produce compounds with similar effects that are not yet regulated and lack standardized references. To overcome this challenge, forensic toxicologists have employed a range of analytical methods, including qualitative and quantitative analysis using highly sensitive technologies such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which are the most reliable and accurate methods for detecting drugs in biological samples. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) is becoming the gold standard for detecting controlled substances, their derivatives and metabolites. Despite advancements in testing methods, challenges persist in forensic toxicology. As such, the field must invest in research and development to improve testing methods, utilize cutting-edge technologies, increase funding for training programs, and promote multidisciplinary interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Boscolo-Berto
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Italy
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Aulino G, Giannuzzi F, Carlà MM, Guarnieri G, Spagnolo D, Lepore D, Cittadini F, Rizzo S. Taser-Related Ocular Injuries: A Review of the Literature and Medico-Legal Implications. Semin Ophthalmol 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38502067 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2322452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electric weapons have dangers associated with their use, such as burns and trauma related with the impacts of uncontrolled falls, even though they often minimize morbidity and mortality. The exact visual outcome of the damage inflicted is unknown, even though numerous studies have been documented in the literature about the ocular damage induced by the use of these tools. METHODS We present a narrative review of types of eye damage associated with the use of the Taser. The following search terms were used to identify eligible articles through the PubMed database: "TASER", "Conducted Electric Weapons", "CEWs". RESULTS A total of 15 articles were included with information about 38 patients with eye damage associated with the use of taser. The majority of patients were males. In most cases the mechanism of injury was the penetration of the probe inside the eye. Clinical manifestations of ocular damage were present in only 18 out of 38 cases and varied according to the type of damage mechanism. Indeed, the cases in which the probe had penetrated the eye showed more severe clinical manifestations with a poor visual outcome. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the introduction of taser use for law enforcement requires serious consideration and adequate training for officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Aulino
- Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Graduate School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Giannuzzi
- Graduate School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS", Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Mario Carlà
- Ophthalmology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Campus di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Guarnieri
- Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Graduate School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Spagnolo
- Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Graduate School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Lepore
- Graduate School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cittadini
- Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Graduate School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Graduate School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS", Rome, Italy
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Lü CS, Cao YX, Mu XX, Cui HY, Wang T, Wei ZW, Yun KM, Hu M. Rapid Screening of 34 Emerging Contaminants in Surface Water by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 40:30-36. [PMID: 38500458 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a rapid screening method for 34 emerging contaminants in surface water by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). METHODS The pretreatment conditions of solid phase extraction (SPE) were optimized by orthogonal experimental design and the surface water samples were concentrated and extracted by Oasis® HLB and Oasis® MCX SPE columns in series. The extracts were separated by Kinetex® EVO C18 column, with gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and 0.1% formic acid methanol solution. Q-TOF-MS 'fullscan' and 'targeted MS/MS' modes were used to detect 34 emerging contaminants and to establish a database with 34 emerging contaminants precursor ion, product ion and retention times. RESULTS The 34 emerging contaminants exhibited good linearity in the concentration range respectively and the correlation coefficients (r) were higher than 0.97. The limit of detection was 0.2-10 ng/L and the recoveries were 81.2%-119.2%. The intra-day precision was 0.78%-18.70%. The method was applied to analyze multiple surface water samples and 6 emerging contaminants were detected, with a concentration range of 1.93-157.71 ng/L. CONCLUSIONS The method is simple and rapid for screening various emerging contaminants at the trace level in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shan Lü
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Cao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Mu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cui
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ke-Ming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
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Yu WG, He Q, Wang ZD, Tian CJ, Wang JK, Zheng Q, Ren F, Zhang C, Wang YM, Xu P, Wei ZW, Yun KM. Toxicokinetics of MDMA and Its Metabolite MDA in Rats. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 40:37-42. [PMID: 38500459 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the toxicokinetic differences of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolite 4,5-methylene dioxy amphetamine (MDA) in rats after single and continuous administration of MDMA, providing reference data for the forensic identification of MDMA. METHODS A total of 24 rats in the single administration group were randomly divided into 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg experimental groups and the control group, with 6 rats in each group. The experimental group was given intraperitoneal injection of MDMA, and the control group was given intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group. The amount of 0.5 mL blood was collected from the medial canthus 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h after administration. In the continuous administration group, 24 rats were randomly divided into the experimental group (18 rats) and the control group (6 rats). The experimental group was given MDMA 7 d by continuous intraperitoneal injection in increments of 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 mg/kg per day, respectively, while the control group was given the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group by intraperitoneal injection. On the eighth day, the experimental rats were randomly divided into 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dose groups, with 6 rats in each group. MDMA was injected intraperitoneally, and the control group was injected intraperitoneally with the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group. On the eighth day, 0.5 mL of blood was taken from the medial canthus 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h after administration. Liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect MDMA and MDA levels, and statistical software was employed for data analysis. RESULTS In the single-administration group, peak concentrations of MDMA and MDA were reached at 5 min and 1 h after administration, respectively, with the largest detection time limit of 12 h. In the continuous administration group, peak concentrations were reached at 30 min and 1.5 h after administration, respectively, with the largest detection time limit of 10 h. Nonlinear fitting equations for the concentration ratio of MDMA and MDA in plasma and administration time in the single-administration group and continuous administration group were as follows: T=10.362C-1.183, R2=0.974 6; T=7.397 3C-0.694, R2=0.961 5 (T: injection time; C: concentration ratio of MDMA to MDA in plasma). CONCLUSIONS The toxicokinetic data of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rats, obtained through single and continuous administration, including peak concentration, peak time, detection time limit, and the relationship between concentration ratio and administration time, provide a theoretical and data foundation for relevant forensic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guang Yu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis of the Tribunal, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qiang He
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis of the Tribunal, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-di Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis of the Tribunal, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Tian
- Yuxian Public Security Bureau of Yangquan City, Yangquan 045000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Kai Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis of the Tribunal, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis of the Tribunal, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Taiyuan Public Security Bureau, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis of the Tribunal, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - You-Mei Wang
- National Drug Laboratory, Centre for Counter-Narcotics Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Xu
- National Drug Laboratory, Centre for Counter-Narcotics Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis of the Tribunal, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ke-Ming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis of the Tribunal, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
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Cheng HY, Zhang YG, Chen Y, Yin S, Lü M, Li CX. Correlation Analysis and Comparison of Adult CE-Chirp ABR Response Threshold and Pure Tone Hearing Threshold. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 40:15-19. [PMID: 38500456 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.210101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the application of CE-Chirp in the evaluation of hearing impairment in forensic medicine by testing the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in adults using CE-Chirp to analyze the relationship between the V-wave response threshold of CE-Chirp ABR test and the pure tone hearing threshold. METHODS Subjects (aged 20-77 with a total of 100 ears) who underwent CE-Chirp ABR test in Changzhou De'an Hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected to obtain the V-wave response threshold, and pure tone air conduction hearing threshold tests were conducted at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz, respectively, to obtain pure tone listening threshold. The differences and statistical differences between the average pure tone hearing threshold and V-wave response threshold were compared in different hearing levels and different age groups. The correlation, differences and statistical differences between the two tests at each frequency were analyzed for all subjects. The linear regression equation for estimating pure tone hearing threshold for all subjects CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold was established, and the feasibility of the equation was tested. RESULTS There was no statistical significance in the CE-Chirp ABR response threshold and pure tone hearing threshold difference between different hearing level groups and different age groups (P>0.05). There was a good correlation between adult CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold and pure tone hearing threshold with statistical significance (P<0.05), and linear regression analysis showed a significant linear correlation between the two (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold can be used to evaluate subjects' pure tone hearing threshold under certain conditions, and can be used as an audiological test method for forensic hearing impairment assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ying Cheng
- Changzhou De'an Hospital Judicial Appraisal Institute, Changzhou 213004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun-Ge Zhang
- Changzhou De'an Hospital Judicial Appraisal Institute, Changzhou 213004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Judicial Appraisal Institute, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sun Yin
- Changzhou De'an Hospital Judicial Appraisal Institute, Changzhou 213004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Lü
- Changzhou De'an Hospital Judicial Appraisal Institute, Changzhou 213004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Li
- Changzhou De'an Hospital Judicial Appraisal Institute, Changzhou 213004, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yu Y, Wang YJ, Jia YF, Huang BJ, He SY, Liu CC. Forensic Identification and Evaluation of 25 Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy Medical Damage Cases. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 40:43-49. [PMID: 38500460 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.220302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the high risk factors of obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP), and to explore how to evaluate the relationship between fault medical behavior and OBPP in the process of medical damage forensic identification. METHODS A retrospective analysis was carried out on 25 cases of medical damage liability disputes related to OBPP from 2017 to 2021 in Beijing Fayuan Judicial Science Evidence Appraisal Center. The shortcomings of hospitals in birth weight assessment, delivery mode selection, labor process observation and shoulder dystocia management, and the causal relationship between them and the damage consequences of the children were summarized. RESULTS Fault medical behavior was assessed as the primary cause in 2 cases, equal cause in 10 cases, secondary cause in 8 cases, minor cause in 1 case, no causal relationship in 1 case, and unclear causal force in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS In the process of forensic identification of OBPP, whether medical behaviors fulfill diagnosis and treatment obligations should be objectively analyzed from the aspects of prenatal evaluation, delivery mode notification, standardized use of oxytocin, standard operation of shoulder dystocia, etc. Meanwhile, it is necessary to fully consider the objective risk of different risk factors and the difficulty of injury prevention, and comprehensively evaluate the causal force of fault medical behavior in the damage consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- Beijing Fayuan Judicial Science Evidence Appraisal Center, Beijing 100062, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Beijing Fayuan Judicial Science Evidence Appraisal Center, Beijing 100062, China
| | - Yun-Fei Jia
- Beijing Fayuan Judicial Science Evidence Appraisal Center, Beijing 100062, China
| | - Bao-Jing Huang
- Beijing Fayuan Judicial Science Evidence Appraisal Center, Beijing 100062, China
| | - Song-Yue He
- Beijing Fayuan Judicial Science Evidence Appraisal Center, Beijing 100062, China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Liu
- Criminal Investigation Detachment of Dadukou District Branch of Chongqing Public Security Bureau, Chongqing 400084, China
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Dong YM, Zhao CM, Chen NN, Luo L, Li ZP, Wang LK, Li XQ, Ren TG, Gao CR, Guo XJ. Visualization Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Literature in Forensic Research. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 40:1-14. [PMID: 38500455 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the literature on artificial intelligence in forensic research from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection Database, to explore research hotspots and developmental trends. METHODS A total of 736 articles on artificial intelligence in forensic medicine in the Web of Science Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022 were visualized and analyzed through the literature measuring tool CiteSpace. The authors, institution, country (region), title, journal, keywords, cited references and other information of relevant literatures were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 736 articles published in 220 journals by 355 authors from 289 institutions in 69 countries (regions) were identified, with the number of articles published showing an increasing trend year by year. Among them, the United States had the highest number of publications and China ranked the second. Academy of Forensic Science had the highest number of publications among the institutions. Forensic Science International, Journal of Forensic Sciences, International Journal of Legal Medicine ranked high in publication and citation frequency. Through the analysis of keywords, it was found that the research hotspots of artificial intelligence in the forensic field mainly focused on the use of artificial intelligence technology for sex and age estimation, cause of death analysis, postmortem interval estimation, individual identification and so on. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to pay attention to international and institutional cooperation and to strengthen the cross-disciplinary research. Exploring the combination of advanced artificial intelligence technologies with forensic research will be a hotspot and direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Dong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chun-Mei Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Nian-Nian Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Kai Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ting-Gan Ren
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Cai-Rong Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang-Jie Guo
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Big Data for Clinical Decision Research, Taiyuan 030000, China
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Du Mont JA, Kelly CE, Seo H, Brouillard-Coyle S, Mason R, Macdonald S, Kosa SD. Enhancing care for transgender and gender diverse survivors of intimate partner violence: an Ontario-wide survey examining health and social service providers' learning needs. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075180. [PMID: 38331863 PMCID: PMC10860041 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand healthcare and social/community service providers' learning needs associated with supporting transgender and gender diverse (trans) persons who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). SETTING An online survey was distributed through the trans-LINK Network in Ontario, Canada. RESPONDENTS 163 of 225 healthcare and social/community service providers completed the survey (72.4% response rate) between November 2022 and February 2023. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Expertise, training, workplace practices and learning needs related to supporting trans survivors of IPV. METHOD Quantitative survey results were analysed descriptively and open-ended responses were organised thematically. In March 2022, survey results were shared with 33 stakeholders who helped define goals and objectives for an e-learning curriculum using Jamboard, data from which were collated and organised into themes. RESULTS Most (66.3%) survey respondents described having provided professional support to trans survivors of IPV, but only one-third (38.0%) reported having received relevant training, and many of the trainings cited were in fact focused on other forms of violence or trans health generally. The majority reported a mid (44.9%) or low-mid (28.5%) level of expertise and almost unanimously agreed that they would benefit from (further) training (99.4%). The most commonly recommended goal/objective for a curriculum emerging from the stakeholder consultation was to facilitate collaboration, knowledge sharing and (safe) referrals among organisations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the critical need for an IPV curriculum specific to trans survivors and responsive to the needs of providers. As no one profession can address this complex issue in isolation, it is important that the curriculum aims to facilitate collaboration across sectors. In the absence of appropriate training and referrals, practitioners may perpetuate harm when caring for trans survivors of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Du Mont
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Emma Kelly
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah Seo
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robin Mason
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Macdonald
- Ontario Network of Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Treatment Centres, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Daisy Kosa
- Ontario Network of Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Treatment Centres, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yang Y, Li Q, Yang X, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Zhang Y, He F. Forensic parameters and population analysis of 21 autosomal STR loci in the Wuhu Han population from Anhui Province, East China. Ann Hum Biol 2024; 51:1-6. [PMID: 38251837 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2298470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, there are no available genetic data on the AGCU EX22 Kit from the Wuhu Han population. AIM This study investigates the applicability of the AGCU EX22 kit, designed for the Chinese population for forensic analysis and population genetics of the Wuhu Han population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Bloodstains from 1565 unrelated healthy individuals in Wuhu city, Anhui Province, were collected for analysis. The AGCU EX22 kit was used for amplification, and capillary electrophoresis was used to separate the amplification products. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters were determined. The Wuhu Han population was compared to 10 reference populations through genetic distance, a phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree and principal component analysis. RESULTS In total, 281 alleles and 1187 genotypes were observed. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at any locus were found after Bonferroni's correction. The 21 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) genetic markers exhibited high informativeness and polymorphism. The cumulative power of discrimination and power of exclusion were 0.999999999999999999999999913380 and 0.999999996752339, respectively. Population comparisons revealed a genetic affinity between Wuhu Han and southern Han populations, except for the Guangdong Han population, which aligned with the traditional geographical division in China. CONCLUSION The AGCU EX22 Kit, containing 21 STR loci, is suitable for forensic application and population genetics studies in the Wuhu Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yongliang Hu
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
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11
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Kouniaki DI, Fotopoulos KV, Tarassi K, Tsirogianni A. Utilizing Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS) of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Gene Polymorphism to Assess Relatedness in Deficiency Parentage Testing. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:150. [PMID: 38397140 PMCID: PMC10888046 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of DNA testing with legal implications, the reliability and precision of genetic markers play a pivotal role in confirming or negating paternity claims. This study aimed to assess the potential utility of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphism through massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology as robust forensic markers for parentage testing involving genetic deficiencies. It sought to redefine the significance of HLA genes in this context. Data on autosomal short tandem repeat (aSTR) mutational events across 18 paternity cases involving 16 commonly employed microsatellite loci were presented. In instances where traditional aSTR analysis failed to establish statistical certainty, kinship determination was pursued via HLA genotyping, encompassing the amplification of 17 linked HLA loci. Within the framework of this investigation, phase-resolved genotypes for HLA genes were meticulously generated, resulting in the definition of 34 inherited HLA haplotypes. An impressive total of 274 unique HLA alleles, which were classified at either the field 3 or 4 level, were identified, including the discovery of four novel HLA alleles. Likelihood ratio (LR) values, which indicated the likelihood of the observed data under a true biological relationship versus no relationship, were subsequently calculated. The analysis of the LR values demonstrated that the HLA genes significantly enhanced kinship determination compared with the aSTR analysis. Combining LR values from aSTR markers and HLA loci yielded conclusive outcomes in duo paternity cases, showcasing the potential of HLA genes and MPS technology for deeper insights and diversity in genetic testing. Comprehensive reference databases and high-resolution HLA typing across diverse populations are essential. Reintegrating HLA alleles into forensic identification complements existing markers, creating a potent method for future forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamanto I. Kouniaki
- Immunology and Histocompatibility Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.I.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Konstantinos V. Fotopoulos
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (ECE-NTUA), 15772 Zografou, Greece;
| | - Katerina Tarassi
- Immunology and Histocompatibility Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.I.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Alexandra Tsirogianni
- Immunology and Histocompatibility Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.I.K.); (K.T.)
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12
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Solokhin YA, Danielyan ML. [To the 100th anniversary of the birth of MD, PhD, professor Lyusik Oganesovna Barsegyants]. Sud Med Ekspert 2024; 67:67-68. [PMID: 38587163 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246702167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The article presents information about the life and activity of the outstanding scientist, professor L.O. Barsegyants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Solokhin
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Center of Forensic Medical Expertise, Moscow, Russia
| | - M L Danielyan
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Zolotenkova GV, Poletaeva MP. [Review of age assessment methods of children and adolescents by teeth X-rays]. Sud Med Ekspert 2024; 67:47-52. [PMID: 38587159 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246702147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Interest in the topic of age assessment for forensic medical identification of personality has not decreased for over the past decade. Establishing an exact age have a critical importance for law enforcement authorities, for example in case of wrongdoing by illegal migrants without identity documents. The search and systemic analysis of published researches devoted to age assessment by dental status in children and adolescents with subsequent updating of the directions of development in this scientific subject theme and the possibility of their realization in practice in the Russian Federation were carried out in order to have an objective concept of used methods of dental status assessment in the world practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Zolotenkova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - M P Poletaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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14
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Kochoyan AL, Nagornov MN, Berezovskiy DP. [Possibilities of educational process and researches realization using organs and tissues of the deceased person]. Sud Med Ekspert 2024; 67:62-66. [PMID: 38587162 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246702162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The article presents the results of analysis of doctors' practical training as well as scientific research using organs and tissues of the deceased person. The main problematic aspects preventing appropriate realization of the possibility to use the unclaimed bodies, organs and tissues of the deceased person for these purposes are highlighted based on the study of regulatory framework controlling these activities, scientific publications on defined topic, as well as the direct authors' participation in the training of resident doctors and PhD students.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kochoyan
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Center of Forensic Medical Expertise, Moscow, Russia
| | - M N Nagornov
- Russian Center of Forensic Medical Expertise, Moscow, Russia
| | - D P Berezovskiy
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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15
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Huang A, Wen SB, Kong QQ, Zhao ZM, Liu XL. Proteomic Difference Analysis of Whole Blood and Bloodstains. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:549-556. [PMID: 38228473 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.521204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the changes of protein levels in peripheral blood after it dried. METHODS The proteins from whole blood and bloodstains were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and normalized by the label-free quantification (LFQ) method. The differential proteins were analyzed by using R 4.2.1 software, limma and edgeR package. The analysis of biological function, signaling pathway and subcellular localization for the differential proteins was then performed. RESULTS A total of 623 and 596 proteins were detected in whole blood and bloodstains, respectively, of which 31 were statistically significant in the quantitative results, including 10 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated proteins in bloodstains. CONCLUSIONS The protein abundances in whole blood and bloodstains are highly correlated, and the variation of protein abundances may be related to the changes of endogenous and structural proteins in cells. The application of proteomics technology can assist the screening and identification of protein biomarkers, thereby introducing new biomarkers for forensic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Huang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Shu-Bo Wen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Qian-Qian Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Zhen-Min Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Xi-Ling Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
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16
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Han X, Liu X, DU ML, Xu RL, Li JR, Liu C, Liu WG. UPLC-MS/MS Method for Detection of Etomidate and Its Metabolite Etomidate Acid Quantity in Blood. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:564-570. [PMID: 38228475 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.330901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of etomidate and its metabolite etomidate acid in blood, and to discuss its application value in actual cases. METHODS Acetonitrile precipitate protein method was used, and C18 column was selected. Gradient elution was performed with acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate within 6 min. Electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used. The internal standard etomidate acid-d5 was obtained by etomidate-d5 alkaline hydrolysis reaction. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for quantitative analysis. The methodological verification was conducted. RESULTS Etomidate and etomidate acid in blood showed good linear relationship in the quantitative linear range (r>0.999), with the lower limit of quantification was 2.5 ng/mL and 7.5 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy, precision, recovery rate, and matrix effect of the method met the professional verification standards. The practical application results showed that etomidate and etomidate acid could be detected in the blood of the abusers, and their mass concentrations ranged from 17.24 to 379.93 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS The method established in this study can simultaneously quantify etomidate and etomidate acid in blood, which is simple and convenient to operate with accuracy. It can meet the detection needs of actual cases and provide technical support for law enforcement to crack down on etomidate abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Han
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Ming-Luo DU
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Ruo-Lun Xu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Jia-Rong Li
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Wei-Guo Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou 510230, China
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17
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Li Y, Yu Y, Kou XH, Han ZL. Forensic Analysis of Eighteen Tubal Pregnancy-Related Medical Damage. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:571-578. [PMID: 38228476 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.220707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the cases of medical damage after misdiagnosis of tubal pregnancy, to explore the causes of medical damage, the causal relationship between medical malpractice and the damage consequences, as well as the causative potency, in order to provide evaluation ideas for forensic identification of such cases. METHODS Eighteen cases of forensic identification of tubal pregnancy related medical damage were collected and retrospectively analyzed from the aspects of age, maternity history, fertility requirements, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment, medical malpractice, damage consequences, and causative potency. RESULTS All 18 cases were tubal pregnancy, of which 17 cases had medical malpractice, resulting in 14 cases of affected tubal resection, 2 cases of hemorrhagic shock death, 1 case of intrauterine fetal death and affected tubal resection. The other case had the consequence of affected tubal resection, but there was no malpractice in the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Correct diagnosis is helpful to make appropriate treatment plan, prevent disease progression and reduce serious adverse consequences and the occurrence of medical disputes. Scientific and reasonable analysis of the causal relationship between medical malpractice and damage consequences and the causative potency is of great significance to the successful settlement of medical disputes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Beijing Huaxia Evidence Identification Center, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Beijing Source of Judicial Identification Center of Scientific Evidence, Beijing 100062, China
| | - Xing-Hua Kou
- Beijing Huaxia Evidence Identification Center, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhan-Long Han
- Beijing Huaxia Evidence Identification Center, Beijing 100089, China
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18
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Ma XY, Cheng H, Zhang ZD, Li YM, Zhao D. Research Progress of Metabolomics Techniques Combined with Machine Learning Algorithm in Wound Age Estimation. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:596-600. [PMID: 38228479 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.421105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Wound age estimation is the core content in the practice of forensic medicine. Accurate estimation of wound age is a scientific question that needs to be urgently solved by forensic scientists at home and abroad. Metabolomics techniques can effectively detect endogenous metabolites produced by internal or external stimulating factors and describe the dynamic changes of metabolites in vivo. It has the advantages of strong operability, high detection efficiency and accurate quantitative results. Machine learning algorithm has special advantages in processing high-dimensional data sets, which can effectively mine biological information and truly reflect the physiological, disease or injury state of the body. It is a new technical means for efficiently processing high-throughput big data. This paper reviews the status and advantages of metabolomic techniques combined with machine learning algorithm in the research of wound age estimation, and provides new ideas for this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhong-Duo Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ye-Ming Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
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19
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Bian C, He X, Wang Q, Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Xiong H, Li Y, Zhao M, Li J. Biochemical Toxicological Study of Insulin Overdose in Rats: A Forensic Perspective. Toxics 2023; 12:17. [PMID: 38250973 PMCID: PMC10819875 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Due to nonspecific pathological changes and the rapid degradation of insulin in postmortem blood samples, the identification of the cause of death during insulin overdose has always been a difficulty in forensic medicine. At present, there is a lack of studies on the toxicological changes and related mechanisms of an insulin overdose, and the specific molecular markers of insulin overdose are still unclear. In this study, an animal model of insulin overdose was established, and 24 SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, insulin overdose group, and a recovery group (n = 8). We detected the biochemical changes and analyzed the toxicological mechanism of an insulin overdose. The results showed that after insulin overdose, the rats developed irregular convulsions, Eclampsia, Opisthotonos, and other symptoms. The levels of glucose, glycogen, and C-peptide in the body decreased significantly, while the levels of lactate, insulin, and glucagon increased significantly. The decrease in plasma K+ was accompanied by the increase in skeletal muscle K+. The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was significantly activated in skeletal muscle, and the translocation of GLUT4/Na+-K+-ATPase to sarcolemma was significantly increased. Rare glycogenic hepatopathy occurred in the recovery group after insulin overdose. Our study showed that insulin overdose also plays a role in skeletal muscle cells, mainly through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, the detection of signaling pathway proteins of the skeletal muscle cell membrane GLUT4 and Na+-K+-ATPase has a certain auxiliary diagnostic value for forensic insulin overdose identification. Glycogen detection in the liver and skeletal muscle is important for the diagnosis of insulin overdose, but it still needs to be differentiated from other causes of death. Skeletal muscle has great potential for insulin detection, and the ratio of insulin to the C-peptide (I:C) can determine whether an exogenous insulin overdose is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunhao Bian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (C.B.); (X.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (C.B.); (X.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (C.B.); (X.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (C.B.); (X.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (C.B.); (X.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongli Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (C.B.); (X.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (C.B.); (X.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (C.B.); (X.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (C.B.); (X.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
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Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Stocki Ł, Szczurowski J, Nowaczewska W. Topography of the infraorbital foramen in human skulls originating from different time periods. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2023; 82:875-884. [PMID: 37957943 DOI: 10.5603/fm.97440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infraorbital foramen (IOF) is present on the maxilla under the infraorbital margin. Its identification is essential in various surgical procedures. The main aim of this study was the morphometric assessment of the position of the right and left infraorbital foramina in relation to specific structural elements of the facial skeleton, their width and direction, and also the determination of the location of these foramina above maxillary teeth in examined male skulls (belonging to European populations) dated to the beginning of the 20th century and the medieval and post-medieval period. This aim concerned also the assessment of the symmetry of the examined foramina (their location and size). An additional goal was to determine differences between the cranial samples concerning the analysed traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS The six metric and two non-metric traits concerning the IOF were collected from the male cranial samples including modern skulls (n = 87), the medieval and post-medieval skulls (from 13th centuries and 15-17th centuries, respectively; n = 47) obtained from archaeological excavations in Wroclaw, and the sample of the medieval skulls (11-13th centuries, n = 100) from Sypniewo. The sex and age of the specimens were determined using the standard methodology. The appropriate statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS Significant differences were established for three traits (taken from the left and right side) in the case of modern skulls (diameter of IOF, its distance to the midline, and zygomaticomaxillary suture) and one in the case of medieval skulls from Sypniewo (distance to the midline). In all of the cranial samples IOF most frequently occurred above the first upper molar. The greater diameter of IOF and its shorter distance to the alveolar crest and nasal notch were observed in non-modern skulls compared to modern skulls. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide new additional data on the topography of IOF and its asymmetry, confirm the presence of both geographical and chronological differences between populations, and can be used in dental practice, and forensic odontology in the analysis of archaeological bone materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ł Stocki
- Orion Dental Wawrzyniak and Stocki Dental Clinic, Szczecin, Poland
| | - J Szczurowski
- Department of Anthropology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - W Nowaczewska
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Hamilton K, Orde M, Finlayson G. Fatal cerebral air embolism post esophageal endoscopy with dilatation: A case report. Med Sci Law 2023:258024231212878. [PMID: 37960837 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231212878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This is a case of a patient who underwent an esophageal dilatation for benign esophageal strictures. As a consequence of the procedure, she developed an esophageal rupture and multiple cerebral and cerebellar air emboli resulting in infarction. The patient died after being placed on comfort care measures. The postmortem examination revealed focal breach of the esophageal mucosa but no sites of cardiac or vascular shunting that could account for the transit of air from the esophagus to the central nervous system. The phenomenon of vascular air entry as a consequence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic intervention is an uncommon but very serious complication of balloon dilatation therapy. Instances of progression to intracranial arterial gas embolism are even less common, but are well described in a small number of case reports. We present a fatal case of central nervous system air embolism post-balloon dilatation therapy with associated antemortem imaging, autopsy, and microscopic images followed by a discussion of potential mechanisms of entry of air into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Hamilton
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew Orde
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gordon Finlayson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Guo Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Shi J, Meng H, Chen X, Lan Q, Zhu B. Application of microfluidic technologies in forensic analysis. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1725-1743. [PMID: 37857551 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The application of microfluidic technology in forensic medicine has steadily expanded over the last two decades due to the favorable features of low cost, rapidity, high throughput, user-friendliness, contamination-free, and minimum sample and reagent consumption. In this context, bibliometric methods were adopted to visualize the literature information contained in the Science Citation Index Expanded from 1989 to 2022, focusing on the co-occurrence analysis of forensic and microfluidic topics. A deep interpretation of the literature was conducted based on co-occurrence results, in which microfluidic technologies and their applications in forensic medicine, particularly forensic genetics, were elaborated. The purpose of this review is to provide an impartial evaluation of the utilization of microfluidic technology in forensic medicine. Additionally, the challenges and future trends of implementing microfluidic technology in forensic genetics are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Haoqing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yaoshun Liu
- Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Lan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Shrestha K, Atreya A. Adversarial Homicide-Suicide Perpetrated by Domestic Helper: A Case Report From Nepal. Cureus 2023; 15:e46847. [PMID: 37954703 PMCID: PMC10637292 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of literature on homicide-suicide addresses the fact that victims are predominantly female, and offenders are typically adult males (older than the victims) who share a familial, marital, or consortial relationship with them. The probability of fatalities involving murder-suicides in the bedrooms of middle-class households is higher. We present a case where an adolescent domestic helper strangled his landlady, twice his age, only to commit suicide by hanging thereafter. We go on to discuss homicide-suicide by servants outside the consortial relationship and the possible reasons for it in the Nepalese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaschev Shrestha
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, NPL
| | - Alok Atreya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, NPL
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24
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Saeed A, AlShafea A, AlFaya FA, Asiri MY, Bin Saeed A, Alnasser A. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) DNA Analysis for Using Coffee Cups As Forensic Medicine Evidence. Cureus 2023; 15:e47592. [PMID: 38022052 PMCID: PMC10666908 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Forensic science has continually evolved, with innovations in DNA analysis techniques playing a pivotal role in improving the accuracy and reliability of criminal investigations. Short tandem repeats (STRs) have been a game-changer in forensic science, offering unique genetic markers to pinpoint individual identities. This study explores the application of STR DNA analysis to an unconventional source: coffee cups. Materials and methods In a study involving 16 unrelated, healthy individuals aged 26 to 32, DNA was investigated from coffee cups and mouth cavities, comparing the results to a previous coffee cup DNA study. Buccal swabs provided reference samples, air-dried for 10 minutes, and stored at 20°C. DNA quantification revealed a significant decrease in coffee cup samples (0.015 to 0.049 ng/μL) compared to the reference, with no DNA in negative controls. Some STR loci displayed inhibition and lower heterozygosity in the research samples. Ethical approval (REC 53-592) and adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki ensured ethical standards. This research highlights potential challenges in obtaining efficient DNA profiles from various sources. Results There was a significant variation in DNA concentrations among the different cup types, with ceramic cups yielding the highest concentrations. Moreover, the DNA profiling outcomes ranged from full profiles, which allow for precise individual identification, to partial profiles, which pose challenges for conclusive matches. These findings have profound implications for forensic science. The study demonstrates the potential of coffee cups as sources of DNA evidence in criminal investigations, even if partial profiles are obtained. Such evidence can assist in suspect identification, victim profiling, and corroborating witness statements. Conclusion This study highlights the application of STR DNA analysis for coffee cups, opening new avenues for forensic investigations and highlighting the need for continued research and development in this exciting field. This observation aligns with existing research on DNA recovery from various surfaces, and further research is warranted to refine the methodology, consider usage patterns, and address ethical and legal concerns regarding the collection and use of DNA evidence from common objects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali Alnasser
- Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Abha, SAU
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25
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Piraianu AI, Fulga A, Musat CL, Ciobotaru OR, Poalelungi DG, Stamate E, Ciobotaru O, Fulga I. Enhancing the Evidence with Algorithms: How Artificial Intelligence Is Transforming Forensic Medicine. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2992. [PMID: 37761359 PMCID: PMC10529115 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various fields has ushered in a new era of multidisciplinary progress. Defined as the ability of a system to interpret external data, learn from it, and adapt to specific tasks, AI is poised to revolutionize the world. In forensic medicine and pathology, algorithms play a crucial role in data analysis, pattern recognition, anomaly identification, and decision making. This review explores the diverse applications of AI in forensic medicine, encompassing fields such as forensic identification, ballistics, traumatic injuries, postmortem interval estimation, forensic toxicology, and more. RESULTS A thorough review of 113 articles revealed a subset of 32 papers directly relevant to the research, covering a wide range of applications. These included forensic identification, ballistics and additional factors of shooting, traumatic injuries, post-mortem interval estimation, forensic toxicology, sexual assaults/rape, crime scene reconstruction, virtual autopsy, and medical act quality evaluation. The studies demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of employing AI technology in various facets of forensic medicine and pathology. CONCLUSIONS The integration of AI in forensic medicine and pathology offers promising prospects for improving accuracy and efficiency in medico-legal practices. From forensic identification to post-mortem interval estimation, AI algorithms have shown the potential to reduce human subjectivity, mitigate errors, and provide cost-effective solutions. While challenges surrounding ethical considerations, data security, and algorithmic correctness persist, continued research and technological advancements hold the key to realizing the full potential of AI in forensic applications. As the field of AI continues to evolve, it is poised to play an increasingly pivotal role in the future of forensic medicine and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Fulga
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AI Cuza St., 800010 Galati, Romania; (A.-I.P.); (C.L.M.); (O.-R.C.); (D.G.P.); (O.C.); (I.F.)
| | | | | | | | - Elena Stamate
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AI Cuza St., 800010 Galati, Romania; (A.-I.P.); (C.L.M.); (O.-R.C.); (D.G.P.); (O.C.); (I.F.)
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26
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Madi A, Khanfri L, Agarrab N, Ait Boughima F. Child abuse misdiagnosed as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A case report. Med Leg J 2023; 91:164-168. [PMID: 36752120 DOI: 10.1177/00258172221146875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Child abuse is a sensitive subject, and its diagnosis is sometimes difficult and requires awareness among physicians of the conditions that can mimic its symptoms.We report the case of a child aged two years and eight months who, according to his mother, had suffered multiple traumas of accidental and spontaneous occurrence for which he was admitted several times to the Children's University Hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat.The diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was made following the first skin biopsy. During the last admission, the child presented with a bleeding wound that raised the nursing team's doubts; hence, they requested a medico-legal opinion. Our examination confirmed a diagnosis of physical abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Madi
- Medico-legal Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Leila Khanfri
- Medico-legal Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noura Agarrab
- Paediatrics Department, Ibn Sina Children's University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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27
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Gao ZM, Shi JY, Zeng H, Zhang XJ. Rapid Determination of Bucinnazine in Blood by UPLC-MS/MS. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:388-392. [PMID: 37859478 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a rapid method for the analysis of bucinnazine in blood by UPLC-MS/MS and to apply the method to the practical case. METHODS After the internal standard was added to blood, the protein was precipitated with 900 μL mixed solution (Vacetonitrile∶Vwater=8∶2). After vortex and centrifugation, the protein was measured through 0.22 μm filter membrane. The separation was performed on C18 chromatography column, with acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid aqueous as mobile phase gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring scan was performed in electrospray positive ion mode, quantitative measurement was performed by internal standard method, and methodological verification was carried out. RESULTS The linear relationship of bucinnazine in blood was good in the range of 0.5-200 μg/L, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.999 7, the limit of detection was 0.1 μg/L, the limit of quantitation was 0.5 μg/L, and the recovery was 78.3%-83.8% at 1, 10 and 100 μg/L mass concentration levels. The matrix effect was 69.4%-73.8%, the intra-day precision was 1.9%-2.8%, and the inter-day precision was 2.8%-3.2%, the accuracy was 3.1%-3.5%. The stability test results of 1 and 100 μg/L mass concentrations at -25 ℃ showed that the accuracy (bias) of 10 d was less than 4.5%. CONCLUSIONS This method has the advantages of simple pre-treatment process, fast sample processing speed, high sensitivity of instrument analysis, good stability of content determination and reliable identification results, and can meet the needs of case identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Ming Gao
- Institute of Forensic Science, Shangrao Public Security Bureau, Shangrao 334000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Shi
- Pharmacy Department of Shangrao Guangxin District People's Hospital, Shangrao 334100, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Drug Testing Center of Jiangxi Provincial Public Security Department, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Drug Testing Center of Jiangxi Provincial Public Security Department, Nanchang 330000, China
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28
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Cao YQ, Shi Y, Xiang P, Guo YL. Research Progress on Machine Learning Assisted Non-Targeted Screening Strategy for Identification of Fentanyl Analogs. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:406-416. [PMID: 37859481 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the types and quantities of fentanyl analogs have increased rapidly. It has become a hotspot in the illicit drug control field of how to quickly identify novel fentanyl analogs and to shorten the blank regulatory period. At present, the identification methods of fentanyl analogs that have been developed mostly rely on reference materials to target fentanyl analogs or their metabolites with known chemical structures, but these methods face challenges when analyzing new compounds with unknown structures. In recent years, emerging machine learning technology can quickly and automatically extract valuable features from massive data, which provides inspiration for the non-targeted screening of fentanyl analogs. For example, the wide application of instruments like Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry, and other instruments can maximize the mining of the characteristic data related to fentanyl analogs in samples. Combining this data with an appropriate machine learning model, researchers may create a variety of high-performance non-targeted fentanyl identification methods. This paper reviews the recent research on the application of machine learning assisted non-targeted screening strategy for the identification of fentanyl analogs, and looks forward to the future development trend in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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29
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Wang X. Legal Theories, Disability Models and Principles of Disability Assessment. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:329-336. [PMID: 37859470 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In the personal injury compensation system, the protection and relief of the injured people's rights to life, rights to health, and body rights are generally based on the results of disability assessment. Over the years, with the increased number of personal injury compensation cases, the practice of disability assessment have been greatly developed, and the development of disability assessment standards tends to be mature. However, the lack of basic theories for disability assessment has seriously affected the construction and unification of standards. Starting from the tort legal system of personal injury compensation, this article systematically analyzes the legal theories of disability assessment, and holds that the loss of labor ability is the legal basis for disability assessment in China, and the essence of disability assessment should be understood as the quantitative assessment of an individual's permanent loss of labor ability. This article combines the international disability assessment models and the primary concepts of American Medical Association's Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment to refine the basic concepts of disability assessment in China, such as impairment, disability, handicap, disabled people and self-care ability, etc. At the same time, it sorts out the critical issues of identification time, promotion principles and compound calculation of multiple injuries in disability assessment. It is expected to be beneficial to the theory and practice of disability assessment in personal injury compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
- Felony Procuratorial Evidence Research Center, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
- Forensic Science Standards Research Center, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
- Center of Cooperative Innovation for Judicial Civilization, Beijing 100088, China
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30
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Fan F, Wu J, Deng ZH. Application Progress of Objective Audiological Detection Techniques in Forensic Clinical Medicine. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:360-366. [PMID: 37859474 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The qualitative, quantitative, and localization analysis of hearing loss is one of the important contents of forensic clinical research and identification. Pure-tone audiometry is the "gold standard" for hearing loss assessment, but it is affected by the subjective cooperation of the assessed person. Due to the complexity of the auditory pathway and the diversity of hearing loss, the assessment of hearing loss requires the combination of various subjective and objective audiometric techniques, along with comprehensive evaluation based on the case situation, clinical symptoms, and other examinations to ensure the scientificity, accuracy and reliability of forensic hearing impairment assessment. Objective audiometry includes acoustic impedance, otoacoustic emission, and various auditory evoked potentials. The frequency-specific auditory brainstem response (ABR), 40 Hz auditory event related potential, and auditory steady-state response are commonly used for objective hearing threshold assessment. The combined application of acoustic impedance, otoacoustic emission and ABR can be used to locate hearing loss and determine whether it is located in the middle ear, cochlea, or posterior cochlea. This article reviews the application value of objective audiometry techniques in hearing threshold assessment and hearing loss localization, aiming to provide reference for forensic identification of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Deng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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31
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Hao HX, Chen JM, Wang RR, Yu XY, Wang M, Zhou ZL, Sheng YL, Xia WT. The Value of VR-PVEP in Objective Evaluation of Monocular Refractive Visual Impairment. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:382-387. [PMID: 37859477 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.220610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the virtual reality-pattern visual evoked potential (VR-PVEP) P100 waveform characteristics of monocular visual impairment with different impaired degrees under simultaneous binocular perception and monocular stimulations. METHODS A total of 55 young volunteers with normal vision (using decimal recording method, far vision ≥0.8 and near vision ≥0.5) were selected to simulate three groups of monocular refractive visual impairment by interpolation method. The sum of near and far vision ≤0.2 was Group A, the severe visual impairment group; the sum of near and far vision <0.8 was Group B, the moderate visual impairment group; and the sum of near and far vision ≥0.8 was Group C, the mild visual impairment group. The volunteers' binocular normal visions were set as the control group. The VR-PVEP P100 peak times measured by simultaneous binocular perception and monocular stimulation were compared at four spatial frequencies 16×16, 24×24, 32×32 and 64×64. RESULTS In Group A, the differences between P100 peak times of simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception at 24×24, 32×32 and 64×64 spatial frequencies were statistically significant (P<0.05); and the P100 peak time of normal vision eyes at 64×64 spatial frequency was significantly different from the simulant visual impairment eyes (P<0.05). In Group B, the differences between P100 peak times of simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception at 16×16, 24×24 and 64×64 spatial frequencies were statistically significant (P<0.05); and the P100 peak time of normal vision eyes at 64×64 spatial frequency was significantly different from the simulant visual impairment eyes (P<0.05). In Group C, there was no significant difference between P100 peak times of simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception at all spatial frequencies (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the P100 peak times measured at all spatial frequencies between simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception in the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS VR-PVEP can be used for visual acuity evaluation of patients with severe and moderate monocular visual impairment, which can reflect the visual impairment degree caused by ametropia. VR-PVEP has application value in the objective evaluation of visual function and forensic clinical identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Hao
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Jie-Min Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Rong-Rong Wang
- Shanghai NCC Electronic Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Zhi-Lu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China
| | - Yan-Liang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
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32
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Xiang J, Wang X, Yu LL, Jin KJ, Yang YK. Objective Assessment of Visual Field Defects Caused by Optic Chiasm and Its Posterior Visual Pathway Injury. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:350-359. [PMID: 37859473 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the characteristics and objective assessment method of visual field defects caused by optic chiasm and its posterior visual pathway injury. METHODS Typical cases of visual field defects caused by injuries to the optic chiasm, optic tracts, optic radiations, and visual cortex were selected. Visual field examinations, visual evoked potential (VEP) and multifocal visual evolved potential (mfVEP) measurements, craniocerebral CT/MRI, and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed, respectively, and the aforementioned visual electrophysiological and neuroimaging indicators were analyzed comprehensively. RESULTS The electrophysiological manifestations of visual field defects caused by optic chiasm injuries were bitemporal hemianopsia mfVEP abnormalities. The visual field defects caused by optic tract, optic radiation, and visual cortex injuries were all manifested homonymous hemianopsia mfVEP abnormalities contralateral to the lesion. Mild relative afferent pupil disorder (RAPD) and characteristic optic nerve atrophy were observed in hemianopsia patients with optic tract injuries, but not in patients with optic radiation or visual cortex injuries. Neuroimaging could provide morphological evidence of damages to the optic chiasm and its posterior visual pathway. CONCLUSIONS Visual field defects caused by optic chiasm, optic tract, optic radiation, and visual cortex injuries have their respective characteristics. The combined application of mfVEP and static visual field measurements, in combination with neuroimaging, can maximize the assessment of the location and degree of visual pathway damage, providing an effective scheme for the identification of such injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
- Center of Cooperative Innovation for Judicial Civilization, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
- Center of Cooperative Innovation for Judicial Civilization, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Li-Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Kang-Jia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ying-Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
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Bai J, Sun J, Cheng XG, Liu F, Liu H, Wang X. Construction and Application of Rib Fracture Diagnosis Model Based on YOLOv3 Algorithm. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:343-349. [PMID: 37859472 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The artificial intelligence-aided diagnosis model of rib fractures based on YOLOv3 algorithm was established and applied to practical case to explore the application advantages in rib fracture cases in forensic medicine. METHODS DICOM format CT images of 884 cases with rib fractures caused by thoracic trauma were collected, and 801 of them were used as training and validation sets. A rib fracture diagnosis model based on YOLOv3 algorithm and Darknet53 as the backbone network was built. After the model was established, 83 cases were taken as the test set, and the precision rate, recall rate, F1-score and radiology interpretation time were calculated. The model was used to diagnose a practical case and compared with manual diagnosis. RESULTS The established model was used to test 83 cases, the fracture precision rate of this model was 90.5%, the recall rate was 75.4%, F1-score was 0.82, the radiology interpretation time was 4.4 images per second and the identification time of each patient's data was 21 s, much faster than manual diagnosis. The recognition results of the model was consistent with that of the manual diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The rib fracture diagnosis model in practical case based on YOLOv3 algorithm can quickly and accurately identify fractures, and the model is easy to operate. It can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic technique in forensic clinical identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Beijing Public Security Bureau, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Cheng
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Beijing Public Security Bureau, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Beijing Public Security Bureau, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
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Kennedy KM, Payne-James GJ, Payne-James JJ, Green PG. Provision of forensic healthcare services for police custodial settings in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: Current practice and implications for other services? Med Sci Law 2023; 63:203-217. [PMID: 36377309 DOI: 10.1177/00258024221136721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Provision of forensic healthcare services may affect patient safety and criminal justice outcomes. We reviewed models of delivery for services in police custody in terms of cost, types of healthcare professionals and their minimum required experience, training and qualification. Relevant information was requested under the Freedom of Information Act from all police services in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Additional information was sought from the London Ambulance Service and the Metropolitan Police Service. A third of respondent police services refused to provide the requested information and only a small minority answered the questions in their entirety. Many police services cited excessive cost and commercial interests as reasons for not providing the information. A marked variation in models of forensic healthcare provision across police services which responded was identified. London Ambulance Service call-outs to Metropolitan Police Service custody suites for those arrested varied from 0% to 3.8%. There is substantial inconsistency and variability of information on forensic healthcare services in police custody. A standardised national dataset of all aspects of police custodial healthcare (irrespective of by whom such services are provided) should be established. We advise that the Association of Police & Crime Commissioners, College of Policing the National Police Chiefs' Council and NHS England Health and Justice engage on these matters and work with the Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine, the United Kingdom Association of Forensic Nurses and Paramedics, and the College of Paramedics to restart the transfer of all police custodial healthcare services to the National Health Service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran M Kennedy
- Comerford Medical Education Centre, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - J Jason Payne-James
- Forensic Healthcare Services Ltd, Southminster, UK
- Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter G Green
- Wandsworth Clinical Commissioning Group and the Govt of Jersey, London, UK
- St Georges University Hospital, London, UK
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Khanfri L, Madi A, Hajji H, Naji S, E El Kettani S, Boughima FA. Fatal Atractylis gummifera L. poisoning: A case report of an autopsy. Med Leg J 2023:258172231160316. [PMID: 37340765 DOI: 10.1177/00258172231160316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Atractylis gummifera L. is a wild poisonous plant found in rural areas around the Mediterranean. It is also available from herbalists. This plant has a liver tropism which can be fatal whether taken orally or transcutaneously.In this case report, we report and discuss the clinical, biological and autopsy data of one case of poisoning of a small child in Morocco with a view to raising awareness of this dangerous poisonous glue thistle especially when used transcutaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khanfri
- Medico-legal Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aya Madi
- Medico-legal Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hafsa Hajji
- Medico-legal Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Salma Naji
- Medico-legal Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Salma E El Kettani
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ibn Sina University Teaching Center, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fadila A Boughima
- Medico-legal Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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McBride WR, Eltman NR, Swanson RL. Blood-Based Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review With Implications for the Legal System. Cureus 2023; 15:e40417. [PMID: 37325684 PMCID: PMC10266433 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasingly recognized diagnosis with significant, and often costly, associated consequences. Yet, despite their increased recognition, TBIs remain underdiagnosed. This issue is especially prominent in the context of mild TBI (mTBI), where there often exists little to no objective evidence of brain injury. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to better define and interpret known objective markers of TBI, as well as identify and explore new ones. An area of particular interest has focused on research related to blood-based biomarkers of TBI. Advancements in our understanding of TBI-related biomarkers can make it possible to characterize the severity of TBI with greater accuracy, improve our understanding of staging within both the injury process and the recovery process, and help us develop quantifiable metrics representative of reversal and recovery from a brain injury following trauma. Proteomic and non-proteomic blood-based biomarkers are being studied extensively and have shown promise for these purposes. Developments in this realm have significant implications not only for clinical care but also for legislation, as well as civil and criminal litigation. Despite their substantial potential, most of these biomarkers are not yet ready for use within the clinical setting, and therefore, are not appropriate for use within the legal or policy-making systems at this time. Given that existing standardization for the accurate and reliable use of TBI biomarkers is currently insufficient for use within either the clinical or legal realms, such data can be vulnerable to misuse and can even result in the abuse of the legal system for unwarranted gain. Courts will need to carefully evaluate the information presented in their role as gatekeepers of the admissibility of scientific evidence within the legal process. Ultimately, the development of biomarkers should lead to improved clinical care following TBI exposure, coherent and informed laws surrounding TBI, and more accurate and just results in litigation surrounding TBI-related sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R McBride
- Forensic Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, USA
| | - Nicholas R Eltman
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, USA
| | - Randel L Swanson
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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Luque-Oliveros M, Martínez-Flores S, Morilla-Romero-de-la-Osa R. MLuq Protocol: A Proposal for the Immobilization of the White Weapon, Preservation of DNA Traces, and Its Chain of Custody. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111573. [PMID: 37297713 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Unprecedentedly, this article presents a useful management protocol for the workers in emergency situations assisting victims of white weapon aggressions with a dual innovation. It could presage a possible advance in the healthcare management of these patients and support important repercussions in the legal field when this type of wound is inflicted due to an aggression. The MLuq protocol has been agreed by consensus in a multidisciplinary manner including experts belonging to the state security forces (judicial and scientific Police), to the healthcare area (surgical nursing, emergency medicine, general cardiothoracic and digestive surgery, and the legal and forensic medicine area), to the legal system (a jurist specialized in the area), and to the academic sphere. It is the first paper to propose purse string sutures as a weapon immobilization technique, as well as a set of actions designed to obtain biological traces of legal interest and to preserve the chain of custody. Therefore, it is a useful tool for the health and legal personnel, and especially for the victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Luque-Oliveros
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Área del Corazón-Cirugía Torácica del Hospital, Universitario Virgen Macarena (HUVM), 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez-Flores
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Área del Corazón-Cirugía Torácica del Hospital, Universitario Virgen Macarena (HUVM), 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rubén Morilla-Romero-de-la-Osa
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Jia FQ, Luo FL, Xiong YH, Cheng LL, Dang ZQ, Liu JH. Forensic Study on Objective Evaluation of Visual Acuity of Ametropia with the Event-related Potential P3. Curr Med Sci 2023:10.1007/s11596-023-2735-4. [PMID: 37115402 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to assess the characteristics of the P3 component from an event-related potential (ERP) that was induced by visual acuity (VA) processing. Furthermore, we sought to provide electrophysiological evidence for the objective evaluation of VA. METHODS We recruited 32 participants with myopia-related ametropia. They reported no other ocular diseases and had an uncorrected VA of 4.0 in both eyes. We used the block letter "E" at different visual angles and orientations as the graphic stimuli. The oddball paradigm, consisting of 4 modules, was used for ERP analysis. The standard stimuli of each module were identical, with a visual angle of 1°15'. The visual angles of the target stimuli were 1°15', 55', 24', and 15'. The VA test was performed on each eye separately for all participants, and all characteristics of the P3 component were analyzed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the P3 peak letencies between the target stimulation angle 1°15' group and the 55' group, or between the target stimulation angle 24' group and the 15' group. There was a significant difference in the P3 peak letencies between the target stimulation angle 1°15' group and the 24' group as well as the 15' group. There was a significant difference in the P3 peak letencies between the target stimulation angle 55' group and the 24' group as well as the 15' group. No significant differences were observed in the P3 amplitude between modules. CONCLUSION In the oddball paradigm, P3 elicitation indicated a cognitive response to the target stimuli. These data showed that the characteristics of P3 can be used as an objective evaluation of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Quan Jia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, China
| | - Fang-Liang Luo
- Judicial Authentication Research Institute, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yan-He Xiong
- Shanghai Love Nursing Station, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Long-Long Cheng
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Dang
- Dian Regional Forensic Science Institute (Nei Mongol), Hohhot, 010041, China
| | - Ji-Hui Liu
- Judicial Authentication Research Institute, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
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Scendoni R, Bury E, Lima Arrais Ribeiro I, Cingolani M, Cameriere R, De Benedictis A, De Micco F. Leading Pathogens Involved in Co-Infection and Super-Infection with COVID-19: Forensic Medicine Considerations after a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050646. [PMID: 37242315 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about the potential for co-infection or over-infection with other respiratory infections, as they can complicate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. This is also a challenge for forensic pathologists, who may come across cases where the presence of co-infection or over-infection is suspected or confirmed, and it is important that they take this into account when determining the cause of death. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the prevalence of each specific pathogen co-infecting or over-infecting patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In total, 575 studies were selected from the Scopus and Pub-Med online databases and 8 studies were included in a meta-analysis. Male gender, advanced age and nursing home care are risk factors associated with the development of co-infection, whereas age, tachypnoea, hypoxaemia and bacterial infection are predictors of mortality. Overall, however, having a SARS-CoV-2 infection does not represent a real risk for the development of co-infections/super-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scendoni
- Department of Law, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bury
- Department of Law, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Cameriere
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Anna De Benedictis
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Nursing Science, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco De Micco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Bioethics and Humanities, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy
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Wang HY, Wu J, Zhang Q, Min XF, Liu XY, Guo YL. Structural Analysis and Characterization of 4-F-α-PVP Analog 4-F-3-Methyl-α- PVP Hydrochloride. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:144-150. [PMID: 37277377 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.311002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) pentan-1-one (4-F-α-PVP) analog 1-(4-fluoro-3-methyl phenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) pentan-1-one (4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP) hydrochloride without reference substance. METHODS The direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry (EI-MS), GC-MS, electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ion chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were integrated utilized to achieve the structural analysis and characterization of the unknown compound in the sample, and the cleavage mechanism of the fragment ions was deduced by EI-MS and UPLC-HRMS/MS. RESULTS By analyzing the direct-injection EI-MS, GC-MS, ESI-HRMS and UPLC-HRMS/MS of the compound in the samples, it was concluded that the unknown compound was a structural analog of 4-F-α-PVP, possibly with one more methyl group in the benzene ring. According to the analysis results of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, it was further proved that the methyl group is located at the 3-position of the benzene ring. Since the actual number of hydrogen in 1H-NMR analysis was one more than 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP neutral molecule, it was inferred that the compound existed in the form of salt. Ion chromatography analysis results showed that the compound contained chlorine anion (content 11.14%-11.16%), with the structural analysis of main functional group information by FTIR, the unknown compound was finally determined to be 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP hydrochloride. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive method using EI-MS, GC-MS, ESI-HRMS, UPLC-HRMS/MS, NMR, ion chromatography and FTIR to identify 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP hydrochloride in samples is established, which will be helpful for the forensic science laboratory to identify this compound or other analog compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin-Feng Min
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Gao D, Zhuo PP, Tian D, Ran D, Xia Q, Xia WT. Correlation between Elbow Flexor Muscle Strength and Needle Electromyography Parameters after Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:137-143. [PMID: 37277376 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.221104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the changes of elbow flexor muscle strength after musculocutaneous nerve injury and its correlation with needle electromyography (nEMG) parameters. METHODS Thirty cases of elbow flexor weakness caused by unilateral brachial plexus injury (involving musculocutaneous nerve) were collected. The elbow flexor muscle strength was evaluated by manual muscle test (MMT) based on Lovett Scale. All subjects were divided into Group A (grade 1 and grade 2, 16 cases) and Group B (grade 3 and grade 4, 14 cases) according to their elbow flexor muscle strength of injured side. The biceps brachii of the injured side and the healthy side were examined by nEMG. The latency and amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were recorded. The type of recruitment response, the mean number of turns and the mean amplitude of recruitment potential were recorded when the subjects performed maximal voluntary contraction. The quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength was measured by portable microFET 2 Manual Muscle Tester. The percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength (the ratio of quantitative muscle strength of the injured side to the healthy side) was calculated. The differences of nEMG parameters, quantitative muscle strength and residual elbow flexor muscle strength between the two groups and between the injured side and the healthy side were compared. The correlation between elbow flexor manual muscle strength classification, quantitative muscle strength and nEMG parameters was analyzed. RESULTS After musculocutaneous nerve injury, the percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength in Group B was 23.43% and that in Group A was 4.13%. Elbow flexor manual muscle strength classification was significantly correlated with the type of recruitment response, and the correlation coefficient was 0.886 (P<0.05). The quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength was correlated with the latency and amplitude of CMAP, the mean number of turns and the mean amplitude of recruitment potential, and the correlation coefficients were -0.528, 0.588, 0.465 and 0.426 (P<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength can be used as the basis of muscle strength classification, and the comprehensive application of nEMG parameters can be used to infer quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhuo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Center for Forensic Science of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong Tian
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Dan Ran
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Wen-Tao Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
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Chen H, Hu J, Qiao Z, Deng HX, Lü M, Liu W. Research Progress on Biological Matrix Reference Materials in Forensic Toxicology. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:176-185. [PMID: 37277381 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological matrix reference material is a reference material that combines the target material with the biological matrix. The biological matrix reference material has higher consistency with the authentic specimens in forensic toxicology, and its application has a positive effect on improving the accuracy of test results. This paper reviews the research on the matrix reference materials corresponding to three common biological test materials (blood, urine and hair). In order to provide reference for the development and application of biological matrix reference materials in forensic toxicology, this paper mainly introduces the research progress of preparation technology of biological matrix reference materials and some existing products and their parameters evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheng Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Hong-Xiao Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Min Lü
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
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Yan JW, Sun JH, Wang HX, Wei ZW, Guo XJ, Li J, Gao CR, Zhang GQ, Liang XH, Zhang QQ, Wang HW, Li SJ, Wang YY, Yun KM. Exploration and Practice of the "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" Innovative Talents Training Mode in Forensic Medicine. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:193-199. [PMID: 37277383 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Talent is one of the basic and strategic supports for building a modern socialist country in all aspects. Since the 1980s, the establishment of forensic medicine major and the cultivation of innovative talents in forensic medicine have become hot topics in higher education in forensic medicine. Over the past 43 years, the forensic medicine team of Shanxi Medical University has adhered to the joint education of public security and colleges, and made collaborative innovation, forming a training mode of "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" for innovative talents in forensic medicine. It has carried out "5+3/X" integrated reform, and formed a relatively complete talent training innovation mode and management system in teaching, scientific research, identification, major, discipline, team, platform and cultural construction. It has made a historic contribution to China's higher forensic education, accumulated valuable experience for the construction of first-class major and first-class discipline of forensic medicine, and provided strong support for the construction of the national new forensic talent training system. The popularization of this training mode is conducive to the rapid and sustainable development of forensic science, and provides more excellent forensic talents for national building, regional social development and the discipline construction of forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Wei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jun-Hong Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hong-Xing Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiang-Jie Guo
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ji Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Cai-Rong Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Geng-Qian Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Si-Jin Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ying-Yuan Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ke-Ming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Ji JJ, Xu DQ, Xiang P, Yan H, Shen M. Analysis of Forty-Two Psychoactive Substances in a Single Hair by Micro-Segmental Technique. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:151-160. [PMID: 37277378 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.321101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish an LC-MS/MS method based on single hair micro-segmental technique, and verify the detection of 42 psychoactive substances in 0.4 mm hair segments. METHODS Each piece of single hair was cut into 0.4 mm segments and extracted by sonication and the segments were immersed in dithiothreitol-containing extraction medium. Mobile phase A was the aqueous solution containing 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid, and 5% acetonitrile. Mobile phase B was acetonitrile. An electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used for data acquisition in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS The 42 psychoactive substances in hair had a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r>0.99), the limits of detection were 0.2-10 pg/mm, the limits of quantification were 0.5-20 pg/mm, the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.5%-12.7%, the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 86.5%-109.2%, the recovery rates were 68.1%-98.2%, and the matrix effects were 71.3%-111.7%. The method was applied to hair samples collected from one volunteer at 28 d after a single dose of zolpidem, with zolpidem detected in 5 hairs was 1.08-1.60 cm near the root tip, and the concentration range was 0.62-20.5 pg/mm. CONCLUSIONS The micro-segmental technique of single hair analysis can be applied to the investigation of drug-facilitated sexual assault cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duo-Qi Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Min Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
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Cheng ZP, Liu YF, Xu XM, Mo YN. Progress in the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Forensic Trace Analysis. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:168-175. [PMID: 37277380 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the complexity of biological samples and the trace nature of target materials in forensic trace analysis, a simple and effective method is needed to obtain sufficient target materials from complex substrates. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown a wide range of application value in many research fields, such as biomedicine, drug delivery and separation, due to their unique superparamagnetic properties, stable physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility, small size, high specific surface area and other characteristics. To apply MNPs in the pretreatment of forensic materials, maximize the extraction rate of the target materials, and minimize interference factors to meet the requirements of trace analysis of the target materials, this paper reviews the application of MNPs in the fields of forensic toxicological analysis, environmental forensic science, trace evidence analysis and criminal investigation in recent years, and provides research ideas for the application of MNPs in forensic trace analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ping Cheng
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Fei Liu
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xing-Min Xu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yao-Nan Mo
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
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Wright S. 'Facts that are declared proven': sexual violence, forensic medicine, and the courtroom in early Francoist Spain. Womens Hist Rev 2023; 32:939-959. [PMID: 38013780 PMCID: PMC10615068 DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2197791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the Spanish court system as a site for the secondary victimisation or 'second rape' of sexual assault victims under the right-wing, Catholic dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain. Medical evidence enjoyed a high level of prestige as a modern and 'objective' arbiter of truth in Francoist Spain, precisely because of widespread recognition of the legal system's corruptible nature. As such, contemporary court records reveal how victims in fact sometimes sought out medical examinations, even before reporting sexual crimes to law enforcement. However, the discretional nature of the Francoist legal system, heavily reliant on character references, allowed investigating judges to exploit the ambiguities of medical evidence to fit their vision of who constituted the legitimate 'victims' and 'perpetrators' of sexual violence. Medical forensic evidence therefore served an important purpose in Francoist rape trials; this was not the pursuit of justice or reparations for victims, but rather to reinforce conservative, patriarchal societal structures while providing a veneer of legitimacy to an otherwise distrusted legal system.
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Cioffi A, Cecannecchia C. Role of forensic medicine in addressing the war crimes: Perspective from Russia-Ukraine conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Sci Law 2023; 63:168-173. [PMID: 36083178 PMCID: PMC9465054 DOI: 10.1177/00258024221125135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The International Criminal Court has recently opened an investigation into the international crimes committed on Ukrainian territory. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war is a tragic opportunity for a necessary critical and scientific reading of the Rome Statute. In our work, we aim to critically analyse the contents of the International Criminal Court's Rome Statute, with particular attention to the definition and listing of war crimes. Our objective is to assess whether the content of the Rome Statute and the Geneva Convention is useful to provide a correct and complete orientation of the medico-legal work in the context of war. We believe, in fact, that the forensic pathologists, and forensic experts in general, are the only professional figures specialised in providing scientific evidence of crimes compatible with war crimes. Their timely intervention and the standardisation of their work - in association with a review of the deficient content found in the Rome Statute - is essential in order to allow the prosecution of international crimes, already potentially undermined by the slowdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic that is the backdrop to the current conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cioffi
- Andrea Cioffi, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 336, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-fatal strangulation (NFS) is a serious form of gendered violence that is fast becoming an offence in many jurisdictions worldwide. However, it often leaves little or no externally visible injuries making prosecution challenging. This review aimed to provide an overview of how health professionals can support the prosecution of criminal charges of NFS as part of regular practice, particularly when externally visible injuries are absent. METHOD Eleven databases were searched with terms related to NFS and medical evidence in health sciences and legal databases. Eligible articles were English language and peer reviewed, published before 30 June 2021; sample over 18 years that had primarily survived a strangulation attempt and included medical investigations of NFS injuries, clinical documentation of NFS or medical evidence related to NFS prosecution. RESULTS Searches found 25 articles that were included for review. Alternate light sources appeared to be the most effective tool for finding evidence of intradermal injury among NFS survivors that were not otherwise visible. However, there was only one article that examined the utility of this tool. Other common diagnostic imaging was less effective at detection, but were sought after by prosecutors, particularly MRIs of the head and neck. Recording injuries and other aspects of the assault using standardised tools specific for NFS were suggested for documenting evidence. Other documentation included writing verbatim quotes of the experience of the assault and taking good quality photographs that could assist with corroborating a survivor's story and proving intent, if relevant for the jurisdiction. CONCLUSION Clinical responses to NFS should include investigation and standardised documentation of internal and external injuries, subjective complaints and the experience of the assault. These records can assist in providing corroborating evidence of the assault, reducing the need for survivor testimony in court proceedings and increasing the likelihood of a guilty plea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah S Sharman
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robin Fitzgerald
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather Douglas
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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Morgan J. Wrongful convictions and claims of false or misleading forensic evidence. J Forensic Sci 2023; 68:908-961. [PMID: 36946413 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The results are reported of a study to examine case factors associated with 732 wrongful convictions classified by the National Registry of Exonerations as being associated with "False or Misleading Forensic Evidence." A forensic error typology has been developed to provide a structure for the categorization and coding of factors relating to misstatements in forensic science reports; errors of individualization or classification; testimony errors; issues relating to trials and officers of the court; and evidence handling and reporting issues. This study, which included the analysis of 1391 forensic examinations, demonstrates that most errors related to forensic evidence are not identification or classification errors by forensic scientists. When such errors are made, they are frequently associated with incompetent or fraudulent examiners, disciplines with an inadequate scientific foundation, or organizational deficiencies in training, management, governance, or resources. More often, forensic reports or testimony miscommunicate results, do not conform to established standards, or fail to provide appropriate limiting information. Just as importantly, actors within the broader criminal justice system-but not under the purview of any forensic science organization-may contribute to errors that may be related to the forensic evidence. System issues include reliance on presumptive tests without confirmation by a forensic laboratory, use of independent experts outside the administrative control of public laboratories, inadequate defense, and suppression or misrepresentation of forensic evidence by investigators or prosecutors. In approximately half of wrongful convictions analyzed, improved technology, testimony standards, or practice standards may have prevented a wrongful conviction at the time of trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Morgan
- National Institute of Justice, 9569 Brookchase Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27617, USA
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Kondou H, Morohashi R, Ichioka H, Bandou R, Matsunari R, Kawamoto M, Idota N, Ting D, Kimura S, Ikegaya H. Deep Neural Networks-Based Age Estimation of Cadavers Using CT Imaging of Vertebrae. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4806. [PMID: 36981720 PMCID: PMC10049236 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although age estimation upon death is important in the identification of unknown cadavers for forensic scientists, to the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the utility of deep neural network (DNN) models for age estimation among cadavers. We performed a postmortem computed tomography (CT) examination of 1000 and 500 male and female cadavers, respectively. These CT slices were converted into 3-dimensional images, and only the thoracolumbar region was extracted. Eighty percent of them were categorized as training datasets and the others as test datasets for both sexes. We fine-tuned the ResNet152 models using the training datasets. We conducted 4-fold cross-validation, and the mean absolute error (MAE) of the test datasets was calculated using the ensemble learning of four ResNet152 models. Consequently, the MAE of the male and female models was 7.25 and 7.16, respectively. Our study shows that DNN models can be useful tools in the field of forensic medicine.
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