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Fantinato C, Gill P, Fonneløp AE. Investigative use of human environmental DNA in forensic genetics. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 70:103021. [PMID: 38335776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Individuals leave behind traces of their DNA wherever they go. DNA can be transferred to surfaces and items upon touch, can be released into the air, and may be deposited in indoor dust. The mere presence of individuals in a location is sufficient to facilitate either direct or indirect DNA transfer into the surrounding environment. In this study, we analyzed samples recovered from commonly touched surfaces such as light switches and door handles in an office environment. We evaluated two different methods to isolate DNA and co-extract DNA and RNA from the samples. DNA profiles were compared to the references of the inhabitants of the different locations and were analyzed taking into consideration the type of sampled surface, sampling location and information about the activities in a room during the sampling day. Results from DNA samples collected from surfaces were also compared to those from air and dust samples collected in parallel from the same areas. We characterized the amount and composition of DNA found on various surfaces and showed that surface DNA sampling can be used to detect occupants of a location. The results also indicate that combining information from environmental samples collected from different DNA sources can improve our understanding of DNA transfer events in an indoor setting. This study further demonstrates the potential of human environmental DNA as an investigative tool in forensic genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fantinato
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Peter Gill
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Elida Fonneløp
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Tang X, Wen D, Jin X, Wang C, Xu W, Qu W, Xu R, Jia H, Liu Y, Li X, Chen S, Fu X, Liang B, Li J, Liu Y, Zha L. A preliminary study on identification of the blood donor in a body fluid mixture using a novel compound genetic marker blood-specific methylation-microhaplotype. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 70:103031. [PMID: 38493735 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Blood-containing mixtures are frequently encountered at crime scenes involving violence and murder. However, the presence of blood, and the association of blood with a specific donor within these mixtures present significant challenges in forensic analysis. In light of these challenges, this study sought to address these issues by leveraging blood-specific methylation sites and closely linked microhaplotype sites, proposing a novel composite genetic marker known as "blood-specific methylation-microhaplotype". This marker was designed to the detection of blood and the determination of blood donor within blood-containing mixtures. According to the selection criteria mentioned in the Materials and Methods section, we selected 10 blood-specific methylation-microhaplotype loci for inclusion in this study. Among these loci, eight exhibited blood-specific hypomethylation, while the remaining two displayed blood-specific hypermethylation. Based on data obtained from 124 individual samples in our study, the combined discrimination power (CPD) of these 10 successfully sequenced loci was 0.999999298. The sample allele methylation rate (Ram) was obtained from massive parallel sequencing (MPS), which was defined as the proportion of methylated reads to the total clustered reads that were genotyped to a specific allele. To develop an allele type classification model capable of identifying the presence of blood and the blood donor, we used the Random Forest algorithm. This model was trained and evaluated using the Ram distribution of individual samples and the Ram distribution of simulated shared alleles. Subsequently, we applied the developed allele type classification model to predict alleles within actual mixtures, trying to exclude non-blood-specific alleles, ultimately allowing us to identify the presence of blood and the blood donor in the blood-containing mixtures. Our findings demonstrate that these blood-specific methylation-microhaplotype loci have the capability to not only detect the presence of blood but also accurately associate blood with the true donor in blood-containing mixtures with the mixing ratios of 1:29, 1:19, 1:9, 1:4, 1:2, 2:1, 7:1, 8:1, 31:1 and 36:1 (blood:non-blood) by DNA mixture interpretation methods. In addition, the presence of blood and the true blood donor could be identified in a mixture containing four body fluids (blood:vaginal fluid:semen:saliva = 1:1:1:1). It is important to note that while these loci exhibit great potential, the impact of allele dropouts and alleles misidentification must be considered when interpreting the results. This is a preliminary study utilising blood-specific methylation-microhaplotype as a complementary tool to other well-established genetic markers (STR, SNP, microhaplotype, etc.) for the analysis in blood-containing mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Dan Wen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Public Security of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Chudong Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincal People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospitak of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, PR China
| | - Weifeng Qu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Ruyi Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, PR China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Jienan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Xiangya Stomatological Collage, Central South University, No72. Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
| | - Lagabaiyila Zha
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
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Zhang J, Yan M, Ji A, Sun Q, Ying W. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of biological stains identifies body fluids specific markers. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 357:112008. [PMID: 38522320 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The identification of biological stains and their tissue resource is an important part of forensic research. Current methods suffer from several limitations including poor sensitivity and specificity, trace samples, and sample destruction. In this study, we profiled the proteomes of menstrual blood, peripheral blood, saliva, semen, and vaginal fluid with mass spectrometry technology. Tissue-enhanced and tissue-specific proteins of each group have been proposed as potential biomarkers. These candidate proteins were further annotated and screened through the combination with the Human Protein Atlas database. Our data not only validates the protein biomarkers reported in previous studies but also identifies novel candidate biomarkers for human body fluids. These candidates lay the foundation for the development of rapid and specific forensic examination methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- MPS's Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security (MPS), Beijing 100038, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Anquan Ji
- MPS's Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security (MPS), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qifan Sun
- MPS's Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security (MPS), Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Wantao Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.
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Berger CEH, Kruijver M, Hicks T, Champod C, Taylor D, Buckleton J. Commentary on: Hahn M, Anslinger K, Eckert M, Fimmers R, Grethe S, Hohoff C, et al. [Joint recommendations of the project group "Biostatistical DNA Calculations" and the Trace Commission on the Biostatistical Evaluation of Forensic DNA Analytical Findings with Fully Continuous Models (FCM)]. Rechtsmedizin (Berl). 2023; 33(1):3-12. doi: 10.1007/s00194-022-00599-5. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:730-735. [PMID: 37986638 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E H Berger
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Kruijver
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tacha Hicks
- Forensic Genetics Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Fondation pour la Formation Continue Universitaire Lausannoise (UNIL-EPFL) & School of Criminal Justice, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Champod
- Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Duncan Taylor
- Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Buckleton
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Zapico SC, Stadler C, Roca G. Assessment of body fluid identification and DNA profiling after exposure to tropical weather conditions. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:631-639. [PMID: 38146797 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite current advances in body fluid identification, there are few studies evaluating the effect of environmental conditions. The present work assessed the detection of body fluids, blood, semen, and saliva, through lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFI) tests, exposed to tropical weather conditions over time, also evaluating the possibility of obtaining STR (short tandem repeat) profiles and identifying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms. Blood, semen, saliva samples, and mixtures of these fluids were deposited on polyester clothes and exposed to open-air tropical weather conditions for 1 month. The test versions from LFI (SERATEC®, Germany) Lab and crime scene (CS) used for the detection - one per each body fluid type - demonstrated that it is possible to identify body fluids and their mixtures up to 14 days after deposition. At 30 days, blood and semen were detected but not saliva. Full STR profiles were obtained from 14-day-old blood samples, and partial profiles were obtained from the remaining samples. It was possible to sequence mtDNA in the samples previously analyzed for STR profiling, and haplogroups could be assigned. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time the possibility of body fluid identification and DNA profiling after exposure to tropical weather conditions for 1 month and also demonstrated the value of mtDNA analysis for compromised biological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Zapico
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Anthropology Department, Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Roca
- SERATEC®, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologie mbH, Göttingen, Germany
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Du W, Zheng X, Jiang L, Li S, Lan S, Ye Y, Liu J. Forensic characteristics and genetic structure of the Chinese Tibetan population revealed by 38 X-chromosomal InDel loci. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 356:111961. [PMID: 38377671 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing importance of X-chromosome (Chr-X) genotyping in kinship identification, the exploitation of X chromosome genetic marker multiplex kits is increasing. The Human X-InDels amplification kit is a novel developed system which contained 38 X-chromosomal Insertion/deletion markers (X-InDels) and Amelogenin. Herein, we investigated the genetic diversity of the 38 X-InDels in the Tibetan ethnic minority (n = 792) from seven regions and evaluated the application potential of this novel panel. The rs16368 was the least variable locus, whereas the most polymorphic locus was the rs59605609 in Tibetan population. We confirmed three linkage groups with the haplotype diversities ranged from 0.5032 to 0.5976. The overall combined power of discrimination (PD) in males and females were 0.999999999582066 and 0.999999999999993, respectively. And the overall combined mean exclusion chance (MEC) values were not lower than 0.999125526990159. In addition, we explored the genetic relationships among the Tibetans in seven different regions via series of population comparison analyses, finding that the genetic relationship between the Ngari Tibetan and Chamdo Tibetan was the farthest, which was consistent with geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weian Du
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100088, China; Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Guangdong Homy Genetics Incorporation, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xinyue Zheng
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lirong Jiang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Suyu Li
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengnan Lan
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100088, China; Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Rothe J, Becker JM, Charchinezhadamouei M, Mähr S, Lembeck F, Dannemann N, Nagy M. Expanding the scope of methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (MSRE) PCR for forensic identification of body fluids through the novel use of methylation-dependent restriction enzymes (MDRE) and the combination of autosomal and Y-chromosomal markers. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:375-393. [PMID: 37875742 PMCID: PMC10861701 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Methylation-sensitive/-dependent restriction enzyme (MSRE/MDRE) PCR can be performed to detect hypomethylated or hypermethylated CpG sites. With the combined use of different tissue-specific CpG markers, MSRE/MDRE-PCR leads to tissue-specific methylation patterns (TSMPs), enabling the correlation of DNA samples to their source tissue. MSRE/MDRE assays can use the same platform as forensic STR typing and offer many advantages in the field of forensic body fluid detection. In the present study, we aimed to establish MSRE assays for the detection of blood, saliva, vaginal secretion, and semen, using markers from literature and from our own database search. We designed two different MSRE test-sets, which include two novel Y-chromosomal non-semen markers, and enable differentiation between female and male non-semen samples. Furthermore, we established an MSRE/MDRE semen approach, which includes only Y-chromosomal non-semen and semen markers. This Y-semen multiplex PCR utilizes the novel combination of the methylation-sensitive enzyme SmaI and the methylation-dependent enzyme GlaI, which enables more sensitive detection of male body fluids within male/female DNA mixtures. Our validation tests confirmed that MSRE/MDRE assays exhibit high sensitivity, similar to that of STR typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rothe
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jessica Maria Becker
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maral Charchinezhadamouei
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Mähr
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felizitas Lembeck
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Dannemann
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion Nagy
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Gosch A, Banemann R, Dørum G, Haas C, Hadrys T, Haenggi N, Kulstein G, Neubauer J, Courts C. Spitting in the wind?-The challenges of RNA sequencing for biomarker discovery from saliva. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:401-412. [PMID: 37847308 PMCID: PMC10861700 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Forensic trace contextualization, i.e., assessing information beyond who deposited a biological stain, has become an issue of great and steadily growing importance in forensic genetic casework and research. The human transcriptome encodes a wide variety of information and thus has received increasing interest for the identification of biomarkers for different aspects of forensic trace contextualization over the past years. Massively parallel sequencing of reverse-transcribed RNA ("RNA sequencing") has emerged as the gold standard technology to characterize the transcriptome in its entirety and identify RNA markers showing significant expression differences not only between different forensically relevant body fluids but also within a single body fluid between forensically relevant conditions of interest. Here, we analyze the quality and composition of four RNA sequencing datasets (whole transcriptome as well as miRNA sequencing) from two different research projects (the RNAgE project and the TrACES project), aiming at identifying contextualizing forensic biomarker from the forensically relevant body fluid saliva. We describe and characterize challenges of RNA sequencing of saliva samples arising from the presence of oral bacteria, the heterogeneity of sample composition, and the confounding factor of degradation. Based on these observations, we formulate recommendations that might help to improve RNA biomarker discovery from the challenging but forensically relevant body fluid saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Gosch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Regine Banemann
- Federal Criminal Police Office, Forensic Science Institute, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Guro Dørum
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Haas
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hadrys
- State Criminal Police Office, Forensic Science Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadescha Haenggi
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Galina Kulstein
- Federal Criminal Police Office, Forensic Science Institute, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Neubauer
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelius Courts
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Yun P, Chen AQ, Chen LQ, Li CT. Establishment and Application of a 42-plex Microhaplotype Assay in Forensic Genetics. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 40:50-58. [PMID: 38500461 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish and forensically verify a 42 microhaplotypes (mircohaps, MHs) multiplex assay system based on next-generation sequencing (NGS), and to explore the application value of this system in the practice of forensic genetics. METHODS A total of 42 highly polymorphic MHs were selected from previous studies, and sequenced by the MiSeq FGxTM platform to verify the repeata-bility, sensitivity, specificity, stability, and mixture analysis ability of the detection system. Through population genetic investigation of 102 unrelated Chinese Han individuals in Liyang City, Jiangsu Province, China, the application value of this system in forensic genetics was evaluated. RESULTS The sequencing repeatability of the 42-plex MHs assay was 100% and the sensitivity was as low as 0.062 5 ng. The system had the ability to withstand the interference of indigo (≤2 500 ng/μL), humic acid (≤9 ng/μL), hemoglobin(≤20 μmol), and urea (≤200 ng/μL) and to detect mixtures of 2 people (1∶19), 3 people (1∶1∶9) and 4 people (1∶1∶1∶9). Based on 102 individual data, the combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion were 1-3.45×10-30 and 1-3.77×10-11, respectively, and the average effect value of alleles was 2.899. CONCLUSIONS The 42-plex MHs assay was successfully established in this study and this system has high repeatability and sensitivity, good anti-jamming ability and mixture analysis ability. The 42 MHs are highly polymorphism and have good application value in individual identification and paternity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - An-Qi Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Qin Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Cheng-Tao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
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Yang Y, Li Q, Yang X, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Zhang Y, He F. Forensic parameters and population analysis of 21 autosomal STR loci in the Wuhu Han population from Anhui Province, East China. Ann Hum Biol 2024; 51:1-6. [PMID: 38251837 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2298470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, there are no available genetic data on the AGCU EX22 Kit from the Wuhu Han population. AIM This study investigates the applicability of the AGCU EX22 kit, designed for the Chinese population for forensic analysis and population genetics of the Wuhu Han population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Bloodstains from 1565 unrelated healthy individuals in Wuhu city, Anhui Province, were collected for analysis. The AGCU EX22 kit was used for amplification, and capillary electrophoresis was used to separate the amplification products. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters were determined. The Wuhu Han population was compared to 10 reference populations through genetic distance, a phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree and principal component analysis. RESULTS In total, 281 alleles and 1187 genotypes were observed. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at any locus were found after Bonferroni's correction. The 21 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) genetic markers exhibited high informativeness and polymorphism. The cumulative power of discrimination and power of exclusion were 0.999999999999999999999999913380 and 0.999999996752339, respectively. Population comparisons revealed a genetic affinity between Wuhu Han and southern Han populations, except for the Guangdong Han population, which aligned with the traditional geographical division in China. CONCLUSION The AGCU EX22 Kit, containing 21 STR loci, is suitable for forensic application and population genetics studies in the Wuhu Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yongliang Hu
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
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Dørum G, Hänggi NV, Burri D, Marti Y, Banemann R, Kulstein G, Courts C, Gosch A, Hadrys T, Haas C, Neubauer J. Selecting mRNA markers in blood for age estimation of the donor of a biological stain. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 68:102976. [PMID: 38000161 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
RNA has gained a substantial amount of attention within the forensic field over the last decade. There is evidence that RNAs are differentially expressed with biological age. Since RNA can be co-extracted with DNA from the same piece of evidence, RNA-based analysis appears as a promising molecular alternative for predicting the biological age and hence inferring the chronological age of a person. Using RNA-Seq data we searched for markers in blood potentially associated with age. We used our own RNA-Seq data from dried blood stains as well as publicly available RNA-Seq data from whole blood, and compared two different approaches to select candidate markers. The first approach focused on individual gene analysis with DESeq2 to select the genes most correlated with age, while the second approach employed lasso regression to select a set of genes for optimal prediction of age. We present two lists with 270 candidate markers, one for each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Dørum
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dario Burri
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yael Marti
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Cornelius Courts
- University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Legal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annica Gosch
- University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Legal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hadrys
- Bavarian State Criminal Police Office (BLKA), Munich, Germany
| | - Cordula Haas
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jacqueline Neubauer
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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S D Corrêa H, Alessandri I, Verzeletti A. Assessing the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy and lipid analysis of decomposed human bones in forensic genetics and molecular taphonomy. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 354:111881. [PMID: 38000148 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Bones are among the structures most likely to be recovered after death. However, the low quantity of preserved DNA and complex processing from sample to DNA profile make forensic DNA analysis of bones a challenging task. Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), have the potential to be useful as screening tools for DNA analysis and in decomposition studies. The objective of this research was to assess the usefulness of such molecular investigations. Femur samples collected from 50 decomposing human bodies were subjected to Raman spectroscopy and GC/MS. Assessment of nuclear DNA quantity and short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping efficiency were also performed. Raman parameters (crystallinity, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, mineral-to-matrix ratio) and detected lipids were recorded. Background fluorescence proved problematic for Raman analysis of forensic bones. Regardless, it was not associated with less preserved DNA or less detected STR alleles. Fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and five types of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were detected. The main phosphate peak position in Raman spectra was significantly correlated with preserved DNA (p = 0.03713), while significantly more STR alleles were detected in bones containing methyl hexadecenoate (p = 0.04236). Detection of FAMEs in the bone matrix suggests a reaction between methanol produced by bacteria and free fatty acids, which are not associated with the level of preservation of endogenous DNA. The techniques assessed have shown to be useful in molecular taphonomy studies and forensic genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor S D Corrêa
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Medico-surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Forensic DNA Laboratory, Politec/MT, Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Ivano Alessandri
- INSTM and Sustainable Chemistry and Materials Laboratory, Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Verzeletti
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Medico-surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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13
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Dong XY, Zhu RX, Lei YL, Tao RY, Li CT. Traceability of Geographic Origin Using Human Skin and Oral Microbiota. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:557-563. [PMID: 38228474 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the possibility of using human skin and oral microorganisms to estimate the geographic origin of an individual through the sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. METHODS Microbial DNA was extracted from the palm and oral microorganisms of the Han population in Shanghai and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, and the composition and diversity of the microbiota were analyzed by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Then, differential species were screened and a geographic location prediction model was constructed. RESULTS The compositions of palm and oral microorganisms between Shanghai and Chifeng samples were both different. The abundance and uniformity of palm side skin microorganisms were higher in Chifeng samples than in Shanghai samples, while there was no significant difference in oral microorganisms. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) confirmed that the β-diversity between the samples from the two places were statistically significant, and the coefficients of determination (R2) for skin and oral samples were 0.129 and 0.102, respectively. Through principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA), the samples from the two places could be preliminarily distinguished. The predictive model had the accuracies of 0.90 and 0.83 for the geographic origin using the skin and oral samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in the compositions of palm and oral microbiota between Han populations in Shanghai and Chifeng. The prediction model constructed by the random forest algorithm can trace the unknown individuals from the above two places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Dong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Ru-Xin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Yin-Lei Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui-Yang Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Cheng-Tao Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
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14
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Huang YH, Liang WB, Jian H, Qu SQ. Modeling Methods and Influencing Factors for Age Estimation Based on DNA Methylation. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:601-607. [PMID: 38228480 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Age estimation based on tissues or body fluids is an important task in forensic science. The changes of DNA methylation status with age have certain rules, which can be used to estimate the age of the individuals. Therefore, it is of great significance to discover specific DNA methylation sites and develop new age estimation models. At present, statistical models for age estimation have been developed based on the rule that DNA methylation status changes with age. The commonly used models include multiple linear regression model, multiple quantile regression model, support vector machine model, artificial neural network model, random forest model, etc. In addition, there are many factors that affect the level of DNA methylation, such as the tissue specificity of methylation. This paper reviews these modeling methods and influencing factors for age estimation based on DNA methylation, with a view to provide reference for the establishment of age estimation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hang Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei-Bo Liang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sheng-Qiu Qu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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15
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Abstract
Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) encompasses a set of technologies aimed at predicting phenotypic characteristics from genotypes. Advocates of FDP present it as the future of forensics, with an ultimate goal of producing complete, individualised facial composites based on DNA. With a focus on individuals and promised advances in technology comes the assumption that modern methods are steadily moving away from racial science. Yet in the quantification of physical differences, FDP builds upon some nineteenth- and twentieth-century scientific practices that measured and categorised human variation in terms of race. In this article I complicate the linear temporal approach to scientific progress by building on the notion of the folded object. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in various genetic laboratories, I show how nineteenth- and early twentieth-century anthropological measuring and data-collection practices and statistical averaging techniques are folded into the ordering of measurements of skin color data taken with a spectrophotometer, the analysis of facial shape based on computational landmarks and the collection of iris photographs. Attending to the historicity of FDP facial renderings, I bring into focus how race comes about as a consequence of temporal folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos Hopman
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP) is a set of techniques that aim to infer externally visible characteristics in humans - such as eye, hair and skin color - and biogeographical ancestry of an unknown person, based on biological material. FDP has been applied in various jurisdictions in a limited number of high-profile cases to provide intelligence for criminal investigations. There are on-going controversies about the reliability and validity of FDP, which come together with debates about the ethical challenges emerging from the use of this technology in the criminal justice system. Our study explores how, in the context of complex politics of legitimation of and contestation over the use of FDP, forensic geneticists in Europe perceive this technology's potential applications, utility and risks. Forensic geneticists perform several forms of discursive boundary work, making distinctions between science and the criminal justice system, experts and non-experts, and good and bad science. Such forms of boundary work reconstruct the complex positioning vis-à-vis legal and scientific realities. In particular, while mobilizing interest in FDP, forensic geneticists simultaneously carve out notions of risk, accountability and scientific conduct that perform distance from FDP' implications in the criminal justice system.
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17
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Yu D, Zhang J, Gao N, Huo Y, Li W, Wang T, Zhang X, Simayijiang H, Yan J. Rapid and visual detection of specific bacteria for saliva and vaginal fluid identification with the lateral flow dipstick strategy. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1853-1863. [PMID: 37358650 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Identification of body fluids is critical for crime scene reconstruction, and a source of investigation source of investigative leads. In recent years, microbial DNA analysis using sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction have been used to identify body fluids. However, these techniques are time-consuming, expensive, and require complex workflows. In this study, a new method for simultaneous detection of Streptococcus salivarius and Lactobacillus crispatus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in combination with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed to identify saliva and vaginal fluid in forensic samples. LFD results can be observed with the naked eye within 3 min with a sensitivity of 0.001 ng/µL DNA. The PCR-LFD assay was successfully used to detect S. salivarius and L. crispatus in saliva and vaginal fluid respectively, and showed negative results in blood, semen, nasal fluid, and skin. Moreover, saliva and vaginal fluid were detectable even at an extremely high mixing ratio of sample DNA (1:999). Saliva and vaginal fluid were identified in various mock forensic samples. These results indicate that saliva and vaginal fluid can be effectively detected by identifying S. salivarius and L. crispatus, respectively. Furthermore, we have shown that DNA samples used to identify saliva and vaginal fluid can also provide a complete short tandem repeat (STR) profile when used as source material for forensic STR profiling. In summary, our results suggest that PCR-LFD is a promising assay for rapid, simple, reliable, and efficient identification of body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijing Yu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Huo
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Halimureti Simayijiang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Lee HY. Current issues in forensic genetics. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1227-1228. [PMID: 37656419 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Young Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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19
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Yang SB, Lee JE, Lee HY. Forensic genetic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and microhaplotypes in Koreans through next-generation sequencing using precision ID identity panel. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1281-1293. [PMID: 37440105 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forensic DNA analysis has seen remarkable advancements with the advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). In particular, NGS analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) offers significant advantages in the analysis of challenging samples compared to conventional STR analysis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the SNPs of the Precision ID Identity Panel, a commercially available NGS panel for personal identification, by generating genetic profiles of 298 Koreans and comparing them with other global populations. METHODS A total of 124 SNPs, including 90 autosomal and 34 Y-SNPs, were analyzed using the Precision ID Identity Panel, and forensic parameters, microhaplotypes, and population differences were investigated. RESULTS The NGS data were successfully obtained from 298 Koreans. The analysis of forensic parameters exhibited a low combined match probability of 1.532 × 10- 34, which is comparable to that obtained from commonly used STR analysis. Additionally, the microhaplotype analysis revealed that the use of 16 microhaplotypes provided higher discriminatory power compared to single target SNPs. Furthermore, the adoption of microhaplotype data resulted in an increase of over 20% in expected heterozygosity at five loci. Inter-population analysis showed a close genetic relationship between Koreans and individuals from China and Myanmar in East and Southeast Asia, which are geographically adjacent to Korea. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the Precision ID Identity panel can be a useful alternative where traditional STR typing is not feasible. Also, the data from our study will be useful as a reference for Koreans in forensic investigations and the prosecution of criminal justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Bin Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Young Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Liu J, Wei YL, Yang L, Jiang L, Zhao WT, Li CX. Testing of two SNP array-based genealogy algorithms using extended Han Chinese pedigrees and recommendations for improved performances in forensic practice. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1435-1445. [PMID: 37501329 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Distant genetic relatives can be linked to a crime scene sample by computing identity-by-state (IBS) and identity-by-descent (IBD) shared by individuals. To test the methods of genetic genealogy estimation and optimal the parameters for forensic investigation, a family-based genetic genealogy analysis was performed using a dataset of 262 Han Chinese individuals from 11 families. The dataset covered relative pairs from 1st- to 14th degrees. But the 7th-degree relative is the most distant kinship to be fully investigated, and each individual has ∼200 relatives within the 7th degree. The KING algorithm by calculating IBS and IBD statistics can correctly discriminate the first-degree relationships of monozygotic twin, parent-offspring and full sibling. The inferred relationship was reliable within the fifth-degree, false positive rate <1.8%. The IBD segment algorithm, GERMLINE + ERSA, could provide reliable inference result prolonged to eighth degree. Analysis of IBD segments produced obviously false negative estimations (<27.4%) rather than false positives (0%) within the eighth-degree inferences. We studied different minimum IBD segment threshold settings (changed from >0 to 6 cM); the inferred results did not make much difference. In distant relative analysis, genetically undetectable relationships begin to occur from the sixth degree (second cousin once removed), which means the offspring after seven meiotic divisions may share no ancestor IBD segment at all. Application of KING and GERMLINE + ERSA worked complementarily to ensure accurate inference from first degree to eighth degree. Using simulated low call rate data, the KING algorithm shows better tolerance to marker decrease compared with the GERMLINE + ERSA segment algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Liang Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- School of Forensic Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, P. R. China
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21
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Żarczyńska M, Żarczyński P, Tomsia M. Nucleic Acids Persistence-Benefits and Limitations in Forensic Genetics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1643. [PMID: 37628694 PMCID: PMC10454188 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of genetic material may be the only way to identify an unknown person or solve a criminal case. Often, the conditions in which the genetic material was found determine the choice of the analytical method. Hence, it is extremely important to understand the influence of various factors, both external and internal, on genetic material. The review presents information on DNA and RNA persistence, depending on the chemical and physical factors affecting the genetic material integrity. One of the factors taken into account is the time elapsing to genetic material recovery. Temperature can both preserve the genetic material or lead to its rapid degradation. Radiation, aquatic environments, and various types of chemical and physical factors also affect the genetic material quality. The substances used during the forensic process, i.e., for biological trace visualization or maceration, are also discussed. Proper analysis of genetic material degradation can help determine the post-mortem interval (PMI) or time since deposition (TsD), which may play a key role in criminal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Żarczyńska
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (M.Ż.); (P.Ż.)
| | - Piotr Żarczyński
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (M.Ż.); (P.Ż.)
| | - Marcin Tomsia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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22
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[Forensic SNP Genealogy Inference Technology Helps Solve a 23-Year Cold Case: A Case Report]. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:312-4. [PMID: 37517022 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
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23
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Lan Q, Cai M, Lei F, Shen C, Zhu B. Systematically exploring the performance of a self-developed Multi-InDel system in forensic identification, ancestry inference and genetic structure analysis of Chinese Manchu and Mongolian groups. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 346:111637. [PMID: 36934684 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism has promising applications in forensic DNA analysis. However, the insufficient forensic efficiencies of the present InDel-based systems restrict their applications in parentage testing, due to the lower genetic polymorphism of the biallelic InDel locus and the limited number of InDel loci in a multiplex amplification system. Here, we introduced an in-house developed system which contained 41 polymorphic Multi-InDel markers (equivalent to 82 InDels in total), to serve as an efficient and reliable tool for different forensic applications in the Manchu and Mongolian groups. We demonstrated that the new system exhibited potential efficiencies for personal identification, parentage testing, two-person DNA mixture interpretation and ancestry inference of intercontinental populations. Meanwhile, we explored the genetic backgrounds of the Manchu and Mongolian groups by conducting a series of population genetic analyses. We showed that the Manchu and Mongolian groups shared closer genetic relationships with East Asian populations, especially Han Chinese populations in northern China. Moreover, more similar genetic compositions were detected between the Manchu group and the northern Han populations in this study, suggesting that the Manchu group had higher genetic affinities with northern Han populations than the Mongolian group. Overall. this study provided the necessary evidence that these Multi-InDel genetic markers could play an important role in forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiming Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanzhang Lei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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24
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Bruijns B, Knotter J, Tiggelaar R. A Systematic Review on Commercially Available Integrated Systems for Forensic DNA Analysis. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1075. [PMID: 36772114 PMCID: PMC9919030 DOI: 10.3390/s23031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review describes and discusses three commercially available integrated systems for forensic DNA analysis, i.e., ParaDNA, RapidHIT, and ANDE. A variety of aspects, such as performance, time-to-result, ease-of-use, portability, and costs (per analysis run) of these three (modified) rapid DNA analysis systems, are considered. Despite their advantages and developmental progress, major steps still have to be made before rapid systems can be broadly applied at crime scenes for full DNA profiling. Aspects in particular that need (further) improvement are portability, performance, the possibility to analyze a (wider) variety of (complex) forensic samples, and (cartridge) costs. Moreover, steps forward regarding ease-of-use and time-to-result will benefit the broader use of commercial rapid DNA systems. In fact, it would be a profit if rapid DNA systems could be used for full DNA profile generation as well as indicative analyses that can give direction to forensic investigators which will speed up investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bruijns
- Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Politieacademie, Arnhemseweg 348, 7334 AC Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Knotter
- Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Politieacademie, Arnhemseweg 348, 7334 AC Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Roald Tiggelaar
- NanoLab Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Barbarić L, Horjan-Zanki I. Challenges in the recovery of the genetic data from human remains found on the Western Balkan migration route. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:181-193. [PMID: 35449468 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional DNA-based identification of human remains relies on the system of matching STR profile of the deceased with the family references or antemortem samples. In forensic cases without any available samples for the comparison, the body remains unidentified. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) approach in the forensic cases of five drowned individuals recovered on the Western Balkan migration route. Besides capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based genetic profiling (aSTR, Y STR, and mitochondrial control region sequencing) of postmortem samples, we applied ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit/Primer Mix B on MiSeqFGx platform and concomitant ForenSeq Universal Analysis (UAS) software. The assay showed high reproducibility and complete concordance with CE-based data except in locus DYF387S1. Allele and locus drop was evident in 2.9% of total SNPs that slightly reduced the completeness of the data. We endeavored to predict the phenotype of the tested samples and accurate biogeographical ancestry of European individual. UAS was less informative for the remaining samples assigned to Admixed American cluster. Nevertheless, the application of FROG-kb and Snipper tools along with admixture analysis in STRUCTURE and lineage markers revealed likely Middle Eastern and North African ancestry. We conclude that the combination of the phenotype and biogeographical ancestry predictions, including paternal and maternal genetic ancestry, represent a promising tool for humanitarian identification of dead migrants. Nevertheless, the data interpretation remains a challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Barbarić
- Forensic Science Centre "Ivan Vučetić, " Ministry of the Interior, Ilica 335, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Horjan-Zanki
- Forensic Science Centre "Ivan Vučetić, " Ministry of the Interior, Ilica 335, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a 16,569 base pair (bp) circular genome that is passed from generation to generation through the maternal line. mtDNA analysis in the context of the forensic science field usually involves unidentified human remains or missing persons. These cases tend to have more challenging sample types (e.g., rootless hairs, bone, blood, and saliva), and mtDNA analysis can be an additional method to assist in identification efforts. Due to the multifaceted protection of mtDNA within cells, mtDNA is able to be extracted even in cases of extreme degradation. mtDNA analysis for forensic science has been both peer-reviewed in academic journals and has been testified to in criminal court procedures since the late 1990s, allowing for consistent and reliable usage in casework. This chapter describes the general methodology of extracting, amplifying, quantifying, and analyzing an mtDNA sequence for use in forensic casework, specifically for these common items of evidence.
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27
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Zavala EI, Thomas JT, Sturk-Andreaggi K, Daniels-Higginbotham J, Meyers KK, Barrit-Ross S, Aximu-Petri A, Richter J, Nickel B, Berg GE, McMahon TP, Meyer M, Marshall C. Ancient DNA Methods Improve Forensic DNA Profiling of Korean War and World War II Unknowns. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010129. [PMID: 35052469 PMCID: PMC8774965 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology into forensic casework has been of particular benefit to the identification of unknown military service members. However, highly degraded or chemically treated skeletal remains often fail to provide usable DNA profiles, even with sensitive mitochondrial (mt) DNA capture and MPS methods. In parallel, the ancient DNA field has developed workflows specifically for degraded DNA, resulting in the successful recovery of nuclear DNA and mtDNA from skeletal remains as well as sediment over 100,000 years old. In this study we use a set of disinterred skeletal remains from the Korean War and World War II to test if ancient DNA extraction and library preparation methods improve forensic DNA profiling. We identified an ancient DNA extraction protocol that resulted in the recovery of significantly more human mtDNA fragments than protocols previously used in casework. In addition, utilizing single-stranded rather than double-stranded library preparation resulted in increased attainment of reportable mtDNA profiles. This study emphasizes that the combination of ancient DNA extraction and library preparation methods evaluated here increases the success rate of DNA profiling, and likelihood of identifying historical remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I. Zavala
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.A.-P.); (J.R.); (B.N.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.I.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Jacqueline Tyler Thomas
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, Dover, DE 19902, USA; (J.T.T.); (K.S.-A.); (J.D.-H.); (K.K.M.); (S.B.-R.); (T.P.M.)
- SNA International, Contractor Supporting the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Kimberly Sturk-Andreaggi
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, Dover, DE 19902, USA; (J.T.T.); (K.S.-A.); (J.D.-H.); (K.K.M.); (S.B.-R.); (T.P.M.)
- SNA International, Contractor Supporting the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Daniels-Higginbotham
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, Dover, DE 19902, USA; (J.T.T.); (K.S.-A.); (J.D.-H.); (K.K.M.); (S.B.-R.); (T.P.M.)
- SNA International, Contractor Supporting the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Kerriann K. Meyers
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, Dover, DE 19902, USA; (J.T.T.); (K.S.-A.); (J.D.-H.); (K.K.M.); (S.B.-R.); (T.P.M.)
- SNA International, Contractor Supporting the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Suzanne Barrit-Ross
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, Dover, DE 19902, USA; (J.T.T.); (K.S.-A.); (J.D.-H.); (K.K.M.); (S.B.-R.); (T.P.M.)
| | - Ayinuer Aximu-Petri
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.A.-P.); (J.R.); (B.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Julia Richter
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.A.-P.); (J.R.); (B.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Birgit Nickel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.A.-P.); (J.R.); (B.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Gregory E. Berg
- Defense Personnel Accounting Agency, Central Identification Laboratory, Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu, HI 96853, USA;
| | - Timothy P. McMahon
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, Dover, DE 19902, USA; (J.T.T.); (K.S.-A.); (J.D.-H.); (K.K.M.); (S.B.-R.); (T.P.M.)
- SNA International, Contractor Supporting the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.A.-P.); (J.R.); (B.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Charla Marshall
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, Dover, DE 19902, USA; (J.T.T.); (K.S.-A.); (J.D.-H.); (K.K.M.); (S.B.-R.); (T.P.M.)
- SNA International, Contractor Supporting the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
- Forensic Science Program, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (E.I.Z.); (C.M.)
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Xu E. Research progress on application of microhaplotype in forensic genetics. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:777-782. [PMID: 35347913 PMCID: PMC8931617 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a novel genetic marker, microhaplotype can be applied in the field of forensic genetics. Microhaplotype has the advantages of high polymorphism, low mutation rate, no stutter products and short amplification fragments. Microhaplotype can effectively detect mixture, and quantitatively analyze the contributors of mixture. DNA with severe fragmentation can be successfully genotyped by microhaplotype. It can be used as ancestry informative marker to effectively divide the global continental population according to genetic structure. Microhaplotype system can provide more information than traditional short tandem repeat and help to identify complex relationships. It can provide new ideas for tumor source identification, cell line identification and prenatal paternity testing. Here we review the applications of microhaplotype, intending to provide references for forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- 1. Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Wang
- 1. Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Enping Xu
- 1. Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 2. Forensic Science Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Andreeva T, Manakhov A, Kunizheva S, Rogaev E. Genetic Evidence of Authenticity of a Hair Shaft Relic from the Portrait of Tsesarevich Alexei, Son of the Last Russian Emperor. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2021; 86:1572-1578. [PMID: 34937536 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921120063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To determine the value of an art piece, authenticity of the artwork must be verified. We demonstrate here a genetic approach to determine origin of a historic relic in the museum piece. We tested two hair shafts of unknown origin framed into a watercolor portrait of Tsesarevich Alexei Romanov, son of the last Russian Tzar Nicholas II, which is a unique item kept in the State Historical Museum. Genetic identification of the hair shafts was performed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers using both massive parallel genomic sequencing and multiplex targeted PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing. In previous works, we reconstructed the complete mtDNA sequence inherited to Alexei Romanov through the Queen Victoria lineage [Rogaev et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 5258-5263]. DNA extracts were obtained from the two thin hair shafts and used for comparative genetic analysis. Despite the very low quantity and quality of the DNA templates retrieved from the historical single hair shaft specimen, informative mtDNA sequences were determined. The mtDNA haplotype in the hair shafts corresponds to the mtDNA haplotype of Tsarevich Alexei, his sisters, and his mother, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. This haplotype remains unique in the currently available mtDNA databases. Our results reveal that the hair relic from the portrait is associated with the family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II. The study is an example of first application of the genetic methodology for verification of the value of museum artwork items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Andreeva
- Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia.
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Andrey Manakhov
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Kunizheva
- Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia.
| | - Evgeny Rogaev
- Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia.
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA
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30
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van Oorschot RAH, Meakin GE, Kokshoorn B, Goray M, Szkuta B. DNA Transfer in Forensic Science: Recent Progress towards Meeting Challenges. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111766. [PMID: 34828372 PMCID: PMC8618004 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that may impact the transfer, persistence, prevalence and recovery of DNA (DNA-TPPR), and the availability of data to assign probabilities to DNA quantities and profile types being obtained given particular scenarios and circumstances, is paramount when performing, and giving guidance on, evaluations of DNA findings given activity level propositions (activity level evaluations). In late 2018 and early 2019, three major reviews were published on aspects of DNA-TPPR, with each advocating the need for further research and other actions to support the conduct of DNA-related activity level evaluations. Here, we look at how challenges are being met, primarily by providing a synopsis of DNA-TPPR-related articles published since the conduct of these reviews and briefly exploring some of the actions taken by industry stakeholders towards addressing identified gaps. Much has been carried out in recent years, and efforts continue, to meet the challenges to continually improve the capacity of forensic experts to provide the guidance sought by the judiciary with respect to the transfer of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland A. H. van Oorschot
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Georgina E. Meakin
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Centre for the Forensic Sciences, Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London WC1H 9EZ, UK
| | - Bas Kokshoorn
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Technology, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariya Goray
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Bianca Szkuta
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
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Pakstis AJ, Gandotra N, Speed WC, Murtha M, Scharfe C, Kidd KK. The population genetics characteristics of a 90 locus panel of microhaplotypes. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1753-1773. [PMID: 34643790 PMCID: PMC8553733 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small genomic regions with multiple SNPs (microhaplotypes, MHs) are rapidly emerging as novel forensic investigative tools to assist in individual identification, kinship analyses, ancestry inference, and deconvolution of DNA mixtures. Here, we analyzed information for 90 microhaplotype loci in 4009 individuals from 79 world populations in 6 major biogeographic regions. The study included multiplex microhaplotype sequencing (mMHseq) data analyzed for 524 individuals from 16 populations and genotype data for 3485 individuals from 63 populations curated from public repositories. Analyses of the 79 populations revealed excellent characteristics for this 90-plex MH panel for various forensic applications achieving an overall average effective number of allele values (Ae) of 4.55 (range 1.04–19.27) for individualization and mixture deconvolution. Population-specific random match probabilities ranged from a low of 10–115 to a maximum of 10–66. Mean informativeness (In) for ancestry inference was 0.355 (range 0.117–0.883). 65 novel SNPs were detected in 39 of the MHs using mMHseq. Of the 3018 different microhaplotype alleles identified, 1337 occurred at frequencies > 5% in at least one of the populations studied. The 90-plex MH panel enables effective differentiation of population groupings for major biogeographic regions as well as delineation of distinct subgroupings within regions. Open-source, web-based software is available to support validation of this technology for forensic case work analysis and to tailor MH analysis for specific geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Pakstis
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Neeru Gandotra
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - William C Speed
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Michael Murtha
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Curt Scharfe
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Kenneth K Kidd
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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de la Puente M, Ruiz-Ramírez J, Ambroa-Conde A, Xavier C, Pardo-Seco J, Álvarez-Dios J, Freire-Aradas A, Mosquera-Miguel A, Gross TE, Cheung EYY, Branicki W, Nothnagel M, Parson W, Schneider PM, Kayser M, Carracedo Á, Lareu MV, Phillips C. Development and Evaluation of the Ancestry Informative Marker Panel of the VISAGE Basic Tool. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1284. [PMID: 34440458 PMCID: PMC8391248 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We detail the development of the ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) panel forming part of the VISAGE Basic Tool (BT), which combines 41 appearance predictive SNPs and 112 ancestry predictive SNPs (three SNPs shared between sets) in one massively parallel sequencing (MPS) multiplex, whereas blood-based age analysis using methylation markers is run in a parallel MPS analysis pipeline. The selection of SNPs for the BT ancestry panel focused on established forensic markers that already have a proven track record of good sequencing performance in MPS, and the overall SNP multiplex scale closely matched that of existing forensic MPS assays. SNPs were chosen to differentiate individuals from the five main continental population groups of Africa, Europe, East Asia, America, and Oceania, extended to include differentiation of individuals from South Asia. From analysis of 1000 Genomes and HGDP-CEPH samples from these six population groups, the BT ancestry panel was shown to have no classification error using the Bayes likelihood calculators of the Snipper online analysis portal. The differentiation power of the component ancestry SNPs of BT was balanced as far as possible to avoid bias in the estimation of co-ancestry proportions in individuals with admixed backgrounds. The balancing process led to very similar cumulative population-specific divergence values for Africa, Europe, America, and Oceania, with East Asia being slightly below average, and South Asia an outlier from the other groups. Comparisons were made of the African, European, and Native American estimated co-ancestry proportions in the six admixed 1000 Genomes populations, using the BT ancestry panel SNPs and 572,000 Affymetrix Human Origins array SNPs. Very similar co-ancestry proportions were observed down to a minimum value of 10%, below which, low-level co-ancestry was not always reliably detected by BT SNPs. The Snipper analysis portal provides a comprehensive population dataset for the BT ancestry panel SNPs, comprising a 520-sample standardised reference dataset; 3445 additional samples from 1000 Genomes, HGDP-CEPH, Simons Foundation and Estonian Biocentre genome diversity projects; and 167 samples of six populations from in-house genotyping of individuals from Middle East, North and East African regions complementing those of the sampling regimes of the other diversity projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Puente
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.d.l.P.); (J.R.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.F.-A.); (A.M.-M.); (Á.C.); (M.V.L.)
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Ramírez
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.d.l.P.); (J.R.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.F.-A.); (A.M.-M.); (Á.C.); (M.V.L.)
| | - Adrián Ambroa-Conde
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.d.l.P.); (J.R.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.F.-A.); (A.M.-M.); (Á.C.); (M.V.L.)
| | - Catarina Xavier
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.X.); (W.P.)
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Jose Álvarez-Dios
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Ana Freire-Aradas
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.d.l.P.); (J.R.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.F.-A.); (A.M.-M.); (Á.C.); (M.V.L.)
| | - Ana Mosquera-Miguel
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.d.l.P.); (J.R.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.F.-A.); (A.M.-M.); (Á.C.); (M.V.L.)
| | - Theresa E. Gross
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinic, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne, Germany; (T.E.G.); (E.Y.Y.C.); (P.M.S.)
- Hessisches Landeskriminalamt, 65187 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Elaine Y. Y. Cheung
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinic, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne, Germany; (T.E.G.); (E.Y.Y.C.); (P.M.S.)
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne, Germany;
- University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.X.); (W.P.)
- Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Peter M. Schneider
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinic, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne, Germany; (T.E.G.); (E.Y.Y.C.); (P.M.S.)
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, South Holland, The Netherlands;
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.d.l.P.); (J.R.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.F.-A.); (A.M.-M.); (Á.C.); (M.V.L.)
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Lareu
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.d.l.P.); (J.R.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.F.-A.); (A.M.-M.); (Á.C.); (M.V.L.)
| | - Christopher Phillips
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.d.l.P.); (J.R.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.F.-A.); (A.M.-M.); (Á.C.); (M.V.L.)
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33
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Andersen MM, Balding DJ. Assessing the Forensic Value of DNA Evidence from Y Chromosomes and Mitogenomes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081209. [PMID: 34440383 PMCID: PMC8391915 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA profiles have been used as evidence in courts for decades, yet the problem of evaluating the weight of evidence has not been adequately resolved. Both are lineage markers (inherited from just one parent), which presents different interpretation challenges compared with standard autosomal DNA profiles (inherited from both parents). We review approaches to the evaluation of lineage marker profiles for forensic identification, focussing on the key roles of profile mutation rate and relatedness (extending beyond known relatives). Higher mutation rates imply fewer individuals matching the profile of an alleged contributor, but they will be more closely related. This makes it challenging to evaluate the possibility that one of these matching individuals could be the true source, because relatives may be plausible alternative contributors, and may not be well mixed in the population. These issues reduce the usefulness of profile databases drawn from a broad population: larger populations can have a lower profile relative frequency because of lower relatedness with the alleged contributor. Many evaluation methods do not adequately take account of distant relatedness, but its effects have become more pronounced with the latest generation of high-mutation-rate Y profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel M. Andersen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - David J. Balding
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
- Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Gawali R, Kaur A, Shukla M, Ganatra H, Ekka MM, Patel BC. Comparative evaluation of different human dental tissues and alveolar bone for DNA quantity and quality for forensic investigation. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 325:110877. [PMID: 34153555 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of dental tissues (cementum, dentine and pulp) and alveolar bone as a potential source of DNA was tested in terms of the quality and quantity using nuclear and mitochondrial markers for forensic investigation.This study found dentine as the best source of DNA with only 5.36% imbalanced (PHR<0.7) heterozygous loci. Pulp showed the highest quantity of DNA but exhibited 22.3% imbalanced (PHR<0.7) heterozygous loci. Cementum with highest (46.67%) heterozygote imbalance proved to be the last choice as a source of DNA. Alveolar bone exhibited the second-highest total yield of DNA/mg of tissue. All Global Filer™ STR loci were amplified in 70% samples of fresh alveolar bone whereas for 30% samples, only partial profile was generated along with successful sex determination. All the dental tissues and alveolar bone samples amplified non STR markers (D-loop, Cytochrome Oxidase I, SRY, AMEL). Of the alveolar bones from archival samples, one sample exhibited full STR profile whereas other alveolar bone samples gave partial profiles. This study substantiates alveolar bone as an alternate source of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gawali
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Biotechnology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Amardeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Biotechnology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Malay Shukla
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Biotechnology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Harshit Ganatra
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Biotechnology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Molina Madhulika Ekka
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Biotechnology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhargav C Patel
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Biotechnology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
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Kruijver M, Taylor D, Bright JA. Evaluating DNA evidence possibly involving multiple (mixed) samples, common donors and related contributors. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 54:102532. [PMID: 34130043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Forensic DNA profiling is used in various circumstances to evaluate support for two competing propositions with the assignment of a likelihood ratio. Many software implementations exist that tackle a range of inference problems spanning identification and relationship testing. We propose a flexible likelihood ratio framework that caters to inference problems in forensic genetics. The framework allows for investigation of the degree of support for the contribution of multiple persons to multiple samples allowing for persons to be related according to a pedigree, including inbred relationships. We explain how a number of routine as well as more complex problems can be treated within this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Kruijver
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Duncan Taylor
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Bright
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Holt CL, Stephens KM, Walichiewicz P, Fleming KD, Forouzmand E, Wu SF. Human Mitochondrial Control Region and mtGenome: Design and Forensic Validation of NGS Multiplexes, Sequencing and Analytical Software. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040599. [PMID: 33921728 PMCID: PMC8073089 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis conducted using next-generation sequencing (NGS), also known as massively parallel sequencing (MPS), as compared to Sanger-type sequencing brings modern advantages, such as deep coverage per base (herein referred to as read depth per base pair (bp)), simultaneous sequencing of multiple samples (libraries) and increased operational efficiencies. This report describes the design and developmental validation, according to forensic quality assurance standards, of end-to-end workflows for two multiplexes, comprised of ForenSeq mtDNA control region and mtDNA whole-genome kits the MiSeq FGxTM instrument and ForenSeq universal analysis software (UAS) 2.0/2.1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enrichment and a tiled amplicon approach target small, overlapping amplicons (60–150 bp and 60–209 bp for the control region and mtGenome, respectively). The system provides convenient access to data files that can be used outside of the UAS if desired. Studies assessed a range of environmental and situational variables, including but not limited to buccal samples, rootless hairs, dental and skeletal remains, concordance of control region typing between the two multiplexes and as compared to orthogonal data, assorted sensitivity studies, two-person DNA mixtures and PCR-based performance testing. Limitations of the system and implementation considerations are discussed. Data indicated that the two mtDNA multiplexes, MiSeq FGx and ForenSeq software, meet or exceed forensic DNA quality assurance (QA) guidelines with robust, reproducible performance on samples of various quantities and qualities.
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Shrivastava P, Jain T, Kumawat RK. Direct PCR amplification from saliva sample using non-direct multiplex STR kits for forensic DNA typing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7112. [PMID: 33782478 PMCID: PMC8007628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its proficiency to provide the most discriminating results for forensic applications, medical research and anthropological studies, multiplex PCR based STR analysis has been established as the most efficient technique in the forensic DNA analysis. Several multiplex amplification kits based on 4, 5 and 6 dyes chemistry are commercially available and used in forensic DNA typing across the globe. These multiplex PCR systems are routinely used for amplification of multiple STR loci (Autosomal, Y and/or X STR's) in the DNA extracted from various biological samples. In the routine forensic DNA testing, DNA profile obtained is compared with the DNA profile of the reference sample, which takes a certain turnaround time and employs costly lab resources. Successive development in forensic DNA typing have resulted in advent of improved multiplex kits which have reduced the effective analysis time, cost and minimized the number of steps required in comparison to conventional forensic DNA typing. Specialized direct amplification compatible multiplex kits are also available nowadays. These kits are relatively costlier but still require few pre-processing steps, which does not make them worth the hefty cost. Herein, this study, we have used non-direct multiplex STR kits to assess their efficacy for direct amplification. In the present study, 103 saliva samples were directly amplified without any pre-treatment of the samples using thirteen non-direct multiplex kits (4 dyes, 5 dyes and 6 dyes chemistry based) for forensic DNA typing. Here, we report a validated direct PCR amplification protocol from the reference saliva samples by omitting DNA extraction and quantification steps, which resulted in 80% reduction of the turnaround time. The developed protocol is cost effective, time efficient and it does not compromise with the quality of DNA profiles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for direct amplification of DNA with the most commonly used non-direct multiplex STR kits without any pre-treatment of the sample. Complete DNA profiles matching all the essential quality parameters were obtained successfully from all the tested samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Shrivastava
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, MP, 470001, India.
| | - Toshi Jain
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, MP, 470001, India
| | - R K Kumawat
- DNA Division, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302016, India
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Marie K, Halina Š, Vlastimil S. Investigative genetic genealogy - new approach to detect relatedness of individuals. Soud Lek 2021; 66:58-65. [PMID: 35042349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of molecular genetic techniques, coupled with the development of bioinformatic approaches and the expansion of genealogy as a hobby, also brings new possibilities for forensic genetics. The review article compares todays classical methods of genotyping and determination of kinship based on the analysis of polymorphisms such as short tandem repeats, with the possibilities of investigative genetic genealogy, which uses genotyping based on analysis of hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms, bioinformatics and sharing individual profiles within public databases. We describe the principles of these laboratory techniques and the interpretation of their results. We compare these new approaches with the current practice in forensic laboratories. We stress the importance of the introduction of whole genome sequencing into forensic genetics. Whole genome sequencing allows due its ability to work with degraded DNA samples the preparation of proper material for investigative genetic genealogy which has already proven its usefulness in successfully solving serial murder cases as well as in identifying unknown victims of violent crimes. In addition to methodological approaches and achievements, the limits and ethical aspects of this new field of forensic genetics are also mentioned.
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Abstract
Monozygotic twins, also known as monovular twins, share an identical genetic heritage because they are two individuals who derive from the same zygote. For this reason, they have been considered indistinguishable. They represent a limit for the application of markers and analytical methods that are routinely used in forensic science because analyses of DNA fragments (short tandem repeats analysed by capillary electrophoresis) are unable to distinguish monozygotic twins. The recent introduction of ultra-deep next generation sequencing in forensic genetics, also known as massively parallel sequencing, has made it possible to identify a number of genetic variations through genome sequencing (such as copy number variations, single nucleotide polymorphisms and DNA methylation) that make it possible to distinguish monozygotic twins. Here, we present a case of ascertaining biological paternity, in which the alleged father had a monozygotic twin brother. This case led to the examination of international law in similar cases in which the only available biological evidence derives from classical forensic genetic analysis, performed with short tandem repeat (autosomal and/or gonosomal) capillary electrophoresis and the probative value, if recognised, of the next generation sequencing technology in the courtroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Turrina
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine - Forensic Genetics Laboratory, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Bortoletto
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine - Forensic Genetics Laboratory, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Giannini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine - Forensic Genetics Laboratory, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico De Leo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine - Forensic Genetics Laboratory, University of Verona, Italy
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40
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Bailo P, Andreola S, Collini F, Gentile G, Maciocco F, Piccinini A, Zoja R. Histomorphological aspects of cadaveric skin and its possible use in forensic genetics. Med Sci Law 2021; 61:46-53. [PMID: 32576087 DOI: 10.1177/0025802420934662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The skin is rarely considered as good biological material for successful DNA typing when a corpse is found in a leathery, mummified or partially skeletonised state, as bones and teeth are the gold standard in these cases. This study evaluates the histomorphological aspects of nuclear chromatin (Lillie's staining) in leathery and mummified skin samples as an indicator for possible successful DNA typing. Chromatin was found in samples that underwent mummification or partial skeletonisation but not in samples in a wet type of post-mortem transformation, such as saponification or leathery transformation. As a preliminary result, a positive detection of DNA profiles was only observed in 1-year-old mummified or partially skeletonised samples. These findings suggest that specific areas of skin, even from severely deteriorated cadavers, can show nuclear chromatin and DNA. These preliminary results raise the potential use of skin samples as an alternative source of DNA in highly degraded corpses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bailo
- Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Italy
| | - Salvatore Andreola
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Italy
| | - Federica Collini
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Italy
| | - Guendalina Gentile
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Italy
| | - Francesca Maciocco
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccinini
- Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zoja
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Italy
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Heneghan N, Fu J, Pritchard J, Payton M, Allen RW. The effect of environmental conditions on the rate of RNA degradation in dried blood stains. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 51:102456. [PMID: 33444974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between RNA degradation and the age of a bloodstain has been suggested by the work of several investigators. A prior study from this laboratory described a qPCR assay that was effective at estimating the age of bloodstains stored in an environmentally controlled laboratory for periods of up to one year. In this study, the effect of the environmental conditions on the rate of RNA degradation during storage was analyzed. Bloodstains were prepared on stain cards and stored in one of 9 different environments for periods of up to 24 weeks. At selected times during the storage term, RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and the integrity of select transcripts analyzed. Three temperatures (37 °C, 20 °C, and 4 °C) and three relative humidities (rH) (75 %, 35 %, and 10 %) were combined pairwise. The rate of RNA degradation was found to increase 5-10 fold in stains stored at 37 °C versus those stored at 20 °C. The rate of RNA degradation was faster for stains stored at 20 °C compared to 4 °C but differed only 2-4 fold. Multivariate regression analysis suggests elevations in temperature or rH will accelerate RNA degradation and will do so to a similar extent. It is clear from the data that the integrity of the transcriptome in dried bloodstains is better preserved in a cold and dry environment. Investigations are ongoing to develop an approach for the estimation of sample age that incorporates the environmental conditions of a crime scene into the age estimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Heneghan
- Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun Fu
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jane Pritchard
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Mark Payton
- Chair and Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Robert W Allen
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Tulsa, OK, United States.
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Singh A, Sahajpal V, Kumar S, Shukla M, Bhandari D, Sharma S, Sharma A, Chandra K, Kumar Sharma L, Thakur M. Genetic evidence of shared ancestry among diverse ethno-linguistic human populations of Himachal Pradesh. Gene 2020; 772:145373. [PMID: 33359124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Indian montane system, human populations often exhibit an unparallel social organization where inter-caste marriages are still not common. This attribute affects the demography and population genetic structure of the resident populations. Further, human populations residing in the mountains in India are poorly studied for their genetic make-up and allele distribution patterns. In the present study, we genotyped 594 unrelated individuals using PowerPlex® 21 System (Promega, USA) from eight different populations belonging to 12 districts of Himachal Pradesh which differed in ethnicity, language, geography and social organization. Altogether, we obtained 1415 alleles with a mean of 8.84 ± 0.26 alleles per locus and 0.80 mean observed heterozygosity. Locus Penta E showed the highest combined power of discrimination and was found most informative for forensic purposes. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis grouped the populations of Rajputs, Scheduled castes and Brahmins into one cluster, which indicated a deep genetic admixture in the ancestral populations. This study documents the first-ever report on the population genetic assignment of various castes in Himachal Pradesh and unveils the facts of cryptic gene flow among the diverse castes in the northern hilly state of India. Our results showed a genetic relationship among the various ethno-linguistically diverse populations of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 053, India; National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Vivek Sahajpal
- State Forensic Science Laboratory, Directorate of Forensic Services, Junga, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171218, India.
| | - Satish Kumar
- National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Malay Shukla
- National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Deepika Bhandari
- National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Shivkant Sharma
- Maharshi Dayanand University, Delhi Road, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Arun Sharma
- National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 053, India
| | | | - Mukesh Thakur
- Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 053, India.
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Schyma C, Madea B, Müller R, Zieger M, Utz S, Grabmüller M. DNA-free does not mean RNA-free-The unwanted persistence of RNA. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 318:110632. [PMID: 33302243 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Contact shots to the head often provoke a transfer of biological traces into firearm barrels, which are not visible at endoscopic inspection. STR-PCR can amplify these latent traces and assign them to the victim. Via RNA-DNA-co-extraction also miRNA can be detected, which allow a conclusion to be drawn about the body fluid or tissue. Molecular genetic analysis of experimental stains in firearm barrels requires the guarantee that the barrel is initially free of any nucleic acid. Twelve shots were fired to so-called "reference cubes" (10 % gelatine, 12 cm edge length, embedded paint-blood-pad) using three current handguns: from 20 and 30 cm distance, four at close range (1-2.5 cm) and six contact shots. After endoscopic examination and swabbing of the barrels, a previously described mechanical and chemical cleaning using DNAExitusPlus™ was performed. The inner surface of the barrel was thoroughly wiped off using moistened forensic swabs, which were submitted to RNA-DNA-co-extraction. The combined thorough mechanical cleaning with Ballistol® and the application of DNAExitusPlus™ eliminated any profilable DNA in all samples. However, in 10 of 12 samples RNA concentrations between 0.11 - 0.79 ng/μl were measured. Furthermore, in 9 of 12 samples blood-specific miRNA (miR-451a) was detected. Summarizing, none of the experimentally contaminated barrels was RNA-free despite the performed cleaning procedure. Further investigation showed, that even "professional" cleaning by a gunsmith did not remove RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schyma
- Institute of Forensic Medicine of the University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Burkhard Madea
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Criminal Investigation Service of the Cantonal Police Department of Bern, Nordring 30, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Zieger
- Institute of Forensic Medicine of the University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Utz
- Institute of Forensic Medicine of the University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Grabmüller
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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Chen X, Xu J, Wang H, Luo J, Wang Z, Chen G, Jiang D, Cao R, Huang H, Luo D, Xiao X, Hu J. Profiling the differences of gut microbial structure between schizophrenia patients with and without violent behaviors based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Int J Legal Med 2020; 135:131-141. [PMID: 33067643 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the violence behaviors in schizophrenia patients has always been the focus of forensic psychiatry. Although many studies show gut microbiota could regulate behavior, to our knowledge, no studies have profiled the gut microbiota structure in schizophrenia patients with violence. We profiled the characteristics of gut microbiota structure in 26 schizophrenia patients with violence (V.SCZ) by comparing with that of 16 schizophrenia patients without violence (NV.SCZ) under the control of confounders, and found the differences of gut microbiota structure between the two groups. Violence was assessed by the MacArthur Community Violence Instrument. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify and relatively quantify gut microbial composition. Bioinformatics analysis was used to find differential gut microbial composition between the V.SCZ and NV.SCZ groups. Fifty-nine differential microbial taxonomic compositions were found between the two groups. Fifteen gut microbial compositions were the key microbial taxonomic compositions responsible for the differences between the V.SCZ and NV.SCZ groups, including five enriched microbial taxonomic compositions (p_Bacteroidetes, c_Bacteroidia, o_Bacteroidales, f_Prevotellaceae, s_Bacteroides_uniformis), and ten impoverished microbial taxonomic compositions (p_Actinobacteria, c_unidentified_Actinobacteria, o_Bifidobacteriales, f_ Enterococcaceae, f_Veillonellaceae, f_Bifidobacteriaceae, g_Enterococcus, g_Candidatus_Saccharimonas, g_Bifidobacterium, and s_Bifidobacterium_pseudocatenulatum). This study profiled the differences of gut microbiota between schizophrenia patients with violence and without violence. These results could enrich the etiological understanding of violence in schizophrenia and might be helpful to violence management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiacan Chen
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hongren Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaguo Luo
- Jinxin Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jinxin Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Jinxin Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruochen Cao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haolan Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University and the Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junmei Hu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Jin X, Zhang X, Shen C, Liu Y, Cui W, Chen C, Guo Y, Zhu B. A Highly Polymorphic Panel Consisting of Microhaplotypes and Compound Markers with the NGS and Its Forensic Efficiency Evaluations in Chinese Two Groups. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091027. [PMID: 32883034 PMCID: PMC7565596 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel genetic markers like microhaplotypes and compound markers show promising potential in forensic research. Based on previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism loci, 29 genetic markers including 22 microhaplotypes and seven compound markers were identified. Genetic distributions of the 29 loci in five continental populations, Kazak and Mongolian groups in China were investigated. We found that the expected heterozygosity values of these 29 loci were >0.4 in these populations, indicating these loci were relatively high polymorphisms. Population genetic analyses of five continental populations showed that five loci displayed relatively high genetic variations among these continental populations and could be useful markers for ancestry analysis. In summary, the 29 loci displayed relatively high genetic diversities in continental populations and Chinese two groups and could be informative loci for forensic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Xingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Chunmei Shen
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China;
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-61648787
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46
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Abstract
The aggressive nature of the new SARS-2 corona virus now referred to as SARS-CoV-2 ; the seriousness and length of the period of infection; the fast and far-reaching transmissibility via liquid droplets that become air-borne when someone coughs, sneezes or speaks with increasing evidence to support actual airborne transmission; the presence of viral particles especially in body fluids and tissues, of viral positive individuals; and the persistence of the virus on different types of surfaces pose serious concerns for forensic practitioners, including forensic DNA analysts. Many forensic laboratories and law enforcement agencies need to address the inevitable changes that must be made in forensic DNA testing. In this article, we explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the collection, handling, storage and transport of biological samples for downstream DNA testing. This paper aims to open discussions on the urgency of balancing the need to conduct investigations in order to maintain public order with the requirements of effective biosafety protocols specifically formulated to protect human resources within the forensic science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Corazon A De Ungria
- DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
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47
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Fortier AL, Kim J, Rosenberg NA. Human-Genetic Ancestry Inference and False Positives in Forensic Familial Searching. G3 (Bethesda) 2020; 10:2893-2902. [PMID: 32586848 PMCID: PMC7407470 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In forensic familial search methods, a query DNA profile is tested against a database to determine if the query profile represents a close relative of a database entrant. One challenge for familial search is that the calculations may require specification of allele frequencies for the unknown population from which the query profile has originated. The choice of allele frequencies affects the rate at which non-relatives are erroneously classified as relatives, and allele-frequency misspecification can substantially inflate false positive rates compared to use of allele frequencies drawn from the same population as the query profile. Here, we use ancestry inference on the query profile to circumvent the high false positive rates that result from highly misspecified allele frequencies. In particular, we perform ancestry inference on the query profile and make use of allele frequencies based on its inferred genetic ancestry. In a test for sibling matches on profiles that represent unrelated individuals, we demonstrate that false positive rates for familial search with use of ancestry inference to specify the allele frequencies are similar to those seen when allele frequencies align with the population of origin of a profile. Because ancestry inference is possible to perform on query profiles, the extreme allele-frequency misspecifications that produce the highest false positive rates can be avoided. We discuss the implications of the results in the context of concerns about the forensic use of familial searching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaehee Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, CA 94305
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48
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Carracedo A, Butler JM, Gusmao L, Linacre A, Parson W, Schneider PM, Vallone PM, Vennemann M. On the suppression of Forensic Science International: Genetics from the 2019 Journal Citations Report. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 48:102357. [PMID: 32736896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Carracedo
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Institute of Forensic Science, Spain.
| | - John M Butler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA.
| | - Leonor Gusmao
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Brazil.
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49
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He HX, Ji AQ, Han N, Zhao YX, Hu S, Kong QL, Liu Y, Sun QF. Identification of Peripheral Blood and Menstrual Blood Based on the Expression Level of MicroRNAs and Discriminant Analysis. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 36:514-518. [PMID: 33047536 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective To construct a discriminant analysis model based on the differential expression of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) in two kinds of blood samples (peripheral blood and menstrual blood) and three non-blood samples (saliva, semen and vaginal secretion), to form an identification solution for peripheral blood and menstrual blood. Methods Six kinds of miRNA (miR-451a, miR-144-3p, miR-144-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-203-3p and miR-205-5p) were selected from literature, the samples of five kinds of body fluids commonly seen in forensic practice (peripheral blood, menstrual blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretion) were collected, then the samples were divided into training set and testing set and detected by SYBR Green real-time qPCR. A discriminant analysis model was set up based on the expression data of training set and the expression data of testing set was used to examine the accuracy of the model. Results A discriminant analysis statistical model that could distinguish blood samples from non-blood samples and distinguish peripheral blood samples from menstrual blood samples at the same time was successfully constructed. The identification accuracy of the model was over 99%. Conclusion This study provides a scientific and accurate identification strategy for forensic fluid identification of peripheral blood and menstrual blood samples and could be used in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X He
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Ministry of Public Security, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100038, China
| | - A Q Ji
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Ministry of Public Security, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100038, China
| | - N Han
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y X Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Ministry of Public Security, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100038, China
| | - S Hu
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Ministry of Public Security, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Q L Kong
- Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Ministry of Public Security, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Q F Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Ministry of Public Security, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100038, China
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50
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Abstract
The sharing of genomic data holds great promise in advancing precision medicine and providing personalized treatments and other types of interventions. However, these opportunities come with privacy concerns, and data misuse could potentially lead to privacy infringement for individuals and their blood relatives. With the rapid growth and increased availability of genomic datasets, understanding the current genome privacy landscape and identifying the challenges in developing effective privacy-protecting solutions are imperative. In this work, we provide an overview of major privacy threats identified by the research community and examine the privacy challenges in the context of emerging direct-to-consumer genetic-testing applications. We additionally present general privacy-protection techniques for genomic data sharing and their potential applications in direct-to-consumer genomic testing and forensic analyses. Finally, we discuss limitations in current privacy-protection methods, highlight possible mitigation strategies and suggest future research opportunities for advancing genomic data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bonomi
- UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Yingxiang Huang
- UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lucila Ohno-Machado
- UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Health Services Research & Development, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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